18900 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE SEPTEMBER 20

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 196" Approved For4J3A1 1@64?QQ,A000200140041-4 18899
and protected it with a Constitution. That continue perpetually, between an absolute rights of freedom.: and private property which
is why It is so appropriate that the Baronial dictator or an omnipotent government on were established in Magna Carta and or-
Order of Magna Carta is holding its services the one hand-regardless of what euphe- dained in our Constitution, but even more
today in this historic church. mistic and false name it adopts-and free- important the higher power which is above
Magna Carta was wrested by the barons dom-loving; people on the other. This all temporal power, namely, the love of
and knights of England from King, John at struggle, this battle, like the tides of the church and the ]love of God. May I rev-
Runnymede, on the 15th day of June 1215. sea, constantly ebbs and flows. erently say "Let your light shine forth
It is not generally known, but Magna Carta It is surprising how many people fail to throughout our city, State, and Nation, so
was an 18-inch-square sheepskin document realize this endless struggle and the impor- that all merl enay see your good works 'and
which was ensealed, not signed,. because tanpe and necessity of preserving these be inspired to protect our liberties and
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as been universauy nouse of ;freedom has been erected. Un
recognized as the bulwark of English liberties. beknown to most people, a craving for ab-
The most important grant of liberties in this solute governmental power has insidiously 'U.S. POLICY WITH RESPECT TO
taken, or imprisoned, or be desseised of his Our Copetitutlon is. not a weathervane
Freehold, or Liberties, or free Customs, or which turns with every popular wind that
be outlawed, or exiled, or any otherwise blows; our Constitution is a rock of Gibral-
destroyed; nor will we not pass upon him, tar, which was built to give a free people
nor condemn him, but by lawful Judgment a wise framework of limited government
of his Peers, or by the Law of the Land. We and to protect our constitutionally ordained
will sell to no man, we will not deny to any rights of property and our liberties against
man either Justice or Right." infringement-even against hurricane winds
Magna Carta did not create new and generated by demands of selfish groups or
novel rights. by self-seeking politicians, or even by those
It was In essence a recognition and restora- with worthy objectives. You cannot swear
tion of certain rights and liberties which had to support and obey the Constitution; you
previously been enjoyed by the nobles of Eng- cannot say that you are for the Constitution
land, but which had been usurped and if you attempt to erode or bypass or distort
abrogated by King John. It was the inspira- or destroy a part of the Constitution when
tion and basis for our Declaration pfInde- it restrains your present wishes or interests.
pendence and for the inherent rights of Today every expansion of Government, and
private property and the fundamental free- every curtailment of rights of private prop.-
doms which were ordained and established erty and of freedom of speech or press, is
in our Constitution. These included free- advocated and proclaimed under the guise,
dom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom often sincerely made, that it is for the gen-
of the press, the right of private property, and eral welfare and in the best interest of the
the right to trial by jury. Moreover, Magna people, and hence government should possess
Carta was the first written acknowledge- and exercise this power. This is a very
ment by the Crown that the people (the popular cloak with which to conceal in-
nobles) had certain inherent .indefeasible fringements of basic constitutional rights.
rights and that the Crown was subject to It is unpopular to oppose any government
the law. In other words, that the power of action, whether advocated by the highest
sovereignty or government was limited. This officer in the land or by the lowest zoning
concept of limited government is the essence commission, when they constantly assert,
of our Constitution and Bill of Rights. accompanied with a righteous glow, that
The Baronial Order of Magna Charta was their plans and actions and policies are for
established to perpetuate the memory of the benefit, of the people.
those ancestral noblemen who in that Yet if we are to preserve our fundamental
charter finally secured from the King a rights, which were ordained in Magna Carta
recognition and guarantee of their impor- and in the Constitution, we must oppose
tant liberties and their basic rights of prop- each and every sugar-coated invasion and
erty; and to inspire their descendants with curtailment of these basic rights. I vigorous-
an indestructible determination to per- ly urge the Baronial Order of Magna Charta
petuate these fundamental rights of free- to be as vigilant.and indestructibly stead-
dom and property. fast as were their ancestors in opposing the
Freedom of any kind is not easily secured expansion of governmental power when it
or easily maintained. The almost-divine curtails the inherent rights of free men,
flame of freedom is flickering in atheistic even though the governmental acts be
Russia and its Communist satellites in Eu- gilded with a heart-warming slogan or a
rope, in China, and in our next-door neigh- (misdirected) worthy goal.
bor, Cuba-but it never dies. Today in The Baronial Order of Magna Carta can
many parts of the world, in several new be helpful In another important way. It is
nations in Africa, in southeast Asia, and well known that Magna Carta resulted from
in smouldering nations in South America, a revolt of the Nobles, but it is not as well
freedom is erupting and shining more known that the church, through the efforts
brightly than ever before. of Stephen, Langton, Archbishop of Canter-
Our Constitution, in spite of many bury, was part of this movement. The
criticisms today, has been proclaimed by Magna Carta provides that the Church of
world leaders, as the greatest document England "shall have her whole rights and
ever written in the last 1,900 years. It not liberties inviolable." King John had perse-
only guarantees numerous fundamental cuted the clergy and had appropriated church
liberties, but it further provides that no lands, and in this way had filled his coffers
man shall be deprived of his property or with money' which he needed for pleasure
liberty except by a law which is passed and for war. John was excommunicated,
by his Representatives in Congress or in a but after several years he made peace with
State legislature, in accordance with the the Pope, his excommunication was with
provisions of the Constitution. These in-
herent fundamental rights of private prop-
erty, of freedom of religion, speech and
press, and the right to trial by jury, are the
basic rights which distinguish a really free
people from atheistic communism and from
other nations which are ruled by an omnipo-
tent dictator.
Magna Carta was also the first important
written recognition and partial settlement
of the endless struggle which has gone on
through history, and Which I believe will
NO. 1170-3
CUBA
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I wish to
call to the attention of the Senate an ex-
cellent editorial by William S. White in
the September 19 issue of the Washing-
ton Evening Star. This editorial dis-
cusses a common fallacy that often en-
ters into our discussion of the explosive
Cuban situation. The fallacy is the fac-
ile parallels sometimes drawn between
U.S. bases overseas and Communist co-
lonialist expannsion.
The assumption that U.S. military
bases in other countries and Soviet mili-
tary outposrs a:re in some way identical
is dangerously wrong. Such an assump-
tion is based or, the inability, or the re-
fusal, to see a difference in the respec-
tive goals o:r the United States and the
U.S.S.R. The assumption also points to
a misunderstanding of the role of mili-
tary forces in a democratic society and
in a totalitarian, colonialist society. We
should recognize that our purposes are
to let the free world remain free. Tale
purposes of the U.S.S.R., on the other
hand, are to turn the free world toward
Communist slavery.
Mr.:Preside]at, I ask unanimous con-
sent that Mr. White's editorial be printed
in the RECOIID.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
BEWARE "AFTER-FILL" VIEW ON CUBA-
RA-TIONALIZING OF THE SOVIETS' TAKE-OVER
WITH FREE WORLD'S BASES IS FOUND
FAULTY
(By William S. White)
A curious line is running through much
public and private comment about the pres-
ence in Castro Cuba of Soviet arms and
Soviet technicians. It might be called the
argument of after-all, and it goes thus:
It is very upsetting, of course, that the
Soviet Union lass now made a, publicly
boasted military lodgment in this hemi-
sphere. But, after all, the United States has
forces of its own cr allies of its own in many
places confronting Russia, too.
Of this sort of reasoning the only possible
query is how aaphisticated, how objective,
can you get? Isn't this another way of say-
ing that there Is, underneath, not much dif-
ference between us and our record and inter.-
tions and the Soviet Union and its record
and intentions?
I
th
s
ere no distinction between the pos.-
drawn, the church's property was returned,
the e church's sovereignty over England tioning of American forces in free countries
and which have asked for our protection and the
was recognized in Magna Carta. position rig of Soviet forces in countries
which have been brutally and simply over-
Today, mainly because of the cold war, run-say Hungary and Poland?
people throughout the world are so worried? We have troop:: in West Gernlany, yes.
harried, poor, or hungry, that they have But is West Germany under cur rule as
become extraordinarily materialistic, and are East Germany is under Nikita Khrushchev's
worshiping Mammon instead of God. Here rule? President k:ennedy, whose whole ad-
in this wonderfuul historic church, all of us ministration has been involved in endless
should rededicate ourselves not only to pro- and often losing arguments with Chancellor
tecting and perpetuating the fundamental, Adenauer, would hardly say so.
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 19084
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 210
the recipient nation allocates its limited point in the RECORD, and I urge its im-
resources for military purposes. We mediate adoption:
recognize that support of military forces . H. CON. RES. 223
is a diversion of economic resources from Whereas the conditions that have long
the economic development of the court- obtained in our near neighbor, Cuba, in re-
try. It may be required by the Nation's cent years,) and which are now critically
strategic and political exigencies, but al-
locating scarce resources to military pur-
poses tends to retard rather than hasten
economic advance.
What are we to believe, then, when we
find nations accepting armaments from
the Sino-Soviet nations that are valued
at two, three, or a dozen times as much
as they receive from us for peaceful pur-
poses? If Syria can absorb and make
use of $128 million in Sino-Soviet arma-
ments, are we acting wisely in extending
$69 million in economic assistance?
How serious is Syria in its professed de-
sire to progress economically and
achieve a better life for its people if it
takes from behind the Iron Curtain
nearly twice as much in arms as it finds
itself able to utilize from our bounty for
peaceful purposes?
I advance these opinions, Mr. Chair-
man, because I wish my colleagues and
the responsible officials of the executive
branch to reflect upon them. Should we
not require the administrators of foreign
economic assistance to take into con-
sideration the extent to which a re-
cipient nation is diverting its resources
to utilize armaments received from the
Sino-Soviet bloc? Does not acceptance
of such arms in large quantities at least
presumptively impugn to some extent
the professed ambition of the recipient
nation to attain. economic development?
Should not our considerable influence
be exerted wherever possible to persuade
the .nations of the world that rising per
capita incomes are the true measures of
national stature, not impressive arrays
of military might?
(Mr. ALFORD asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
acute, constitute an ever mounting danger
and menace to our own and sister countries
of the Western Hemisphere at the hands of
communistic influence and sanguinary power
which, if permitted to continue, will de-
stroy every, vestige of free and representa-
tive government In these nations, and lead
to the complete dominance by the most
brutal despotism the world has ever known;
and
Whereas these communistic activities are
clear-cut and intended violations of the
Monroe Doctrine; and of the various declara-
tions and historic policies of these nations
on the subject of foreign efforts to penetrate
and assume power in this hemisphere: Now,
therefore, be it
Resolvedby the House of Representatives
(the Senate concurring), That it is the sense
of the Congress of the United States of
America that immediate and effective action
is necessary for the protection and the life
of our American nations, and for the main-
tenance of the Monroe Doctrine;
SEc. 2. That to these ends all our Ameri-
can governments should forthwith unite, in
line with their traditional policies and treaty
obligations, to repel these monstrous forces
of evil, and to employ whatever means may
be necessary, military or otherwise; and
SEc. 3. That we fully support the President
of the United States of America in his recent
statement:; touching these matters, with the
pledge that we shall give him effective coop-
eration in doing whatever is necessary to
be done-in concert with the other affected
nations, or by the United States alone, if the
emergency', so requires-in line with the
principles and practices of the Monroe Doc-
trine.
A CENTURY OF EMANCIPATION
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
Boccs). Under previous order of the
House, the gentleman from Illinois [Mr.
FINDLEY] is recognized for 3 hours.
(Mr. FINDLEY asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his
remarks.)
large segment of: his fellow men. by the
exercising of a part of the tremendous
power that goes with the office of the
President of the United States. He had
set that determination on the record for
all mankind to see clearly.
Just 4 years before, during that his-
toric series of debates in which he had
engaged with Stephen A. Douglas, speak-
ing at Alton, III, October 15, 1858, Abra-
ham Liincoln had said in part the fol-
lowing :
[The right and wrong of slavery.] That
is the real issue. That is the issue that will
continue in 'chits country When these poor
tongues of Judge Douglas and myself shall
be silent. It is the eternal struggle between
these two principles-right and wrong-
throughout the world. They are the two
principles that have stood face to face from
the beginning of time, and will ever continue
to struggle. The one is the common right
of humanity, and the other the "divine right
of kings." It is the same principle in what-
ever shape it develops itself. It is the Caine
spirit that says, "You work and toil and earn
bread and I'll eat it." No matter in what
shape it comes, whether from the mouth of
a king who seeks to bestride the people of
his own nation and live by the fruit of their
labor, or from one race of men as an ex-
cuse for enslaving another race, it is the same
tyrannical pr!.nciple.
Clearly, Mr. Speaker, the mind of
Abraham Lincoln was determined even
then to strike down this principle, and
all he sought was the time and the meth-
od to best accomplish this end. Many
of Lincoln's :leading supporters in the
presidential campaign of 1860 expected
Lincoln to emancipate the slaves im-
mediately. Lincoln waited. In waiting
he subjected himself to constant pres-
sure and much unwarranted abuse from
those very supporters for not taking this
step.
In the 80-some years separating the
American Revolution from the Civil War,
the United States had become wedded
and tied to, enmeshed with and. saturated
in the slavery institution. It is true that
half the Nation. rejected slavery early if
our national history. But even tli
half-the Northern half-had made
move to prevent the existence of slav)I
in the South, and many northerners
always been sympathetic to the cause of
slavery. When Jefferson proposed the
ordinance of 1786, forbidding the exten-
sion of slavery into any of the Terri-
tories, a good number of northern Con-
gressmen combined their votes with those
of southern Congressmen to kill. the pro-
posal, thereby permitting, the spread of
point in the RECORD and to include a Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, I have
resolution.) taken this time to commemorate an im-
Mr. ALFORD. Mr. Speaker, on all portant anniversary in the history of the
sides, from all over America, we hear a Republic,; the Emancipation Proclama-
clamor for a solution to the terrifying tion, which was issued 100 years ago, Sat-
situation that confronts us in Cuba. urday of this week.
Committees of this Congress are strug- Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent
gling with the problem, attempting to that at the conclusion of my remarks, the
find a solution. gentleman from Iowa [Mr. SCHWENGELI
Mr. Speaker, the true solution to this and the gentleman from Illinois [Mr.
of the House of Representatives. It is
incorporated in House Concurrent Res-
olution 223, which I introduced on April
25, 1961, and which still is pending be-
fore the Committee on Foreign Affairs.
This resolution is simplicity itself. It
declares that it is the sense of Congress
that immediate and effective action is
necessary for the protection and the life
of our American nations, and for the
maintenance of the Monroe Doctrine.
in the RECORD. slavery as far north as St. Louis and as
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there far west as Texas.
objection to the request of the gentleman Northern acceptance of slavery in the
from Illinois? South permitted the expansion and
There was no objection. lengthy existence of two national par-
Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the ties-Whig and Democratic-- neither of
Emancipation Proclamation was the which had a word of approbation for the
greatest single stroke for liberty in the slavery institution. There was anti-
long history of mankind. slavery sentiment around, of course-but
Saturday we will mark the passage of not very much of it was especially vigo-
100 eventful years since that tall, wor- rous, and that which was vigorous was
This priceless and historic Doctrine reed, harried man from Illinois set his exceedingly unpopular. Up in Boston,
has not been abrogated. It stands in pen to a document that marked a be- William Lloyd. Garrison and Wendell
full force and effect today just as it did ginning in the long struggle man has Phillips were hard at work, enlisting a
more than a century ago. All that is de- waged in the cause of freedom. Abra- handful of antislavery radicals, opposed
manded is that it be enforced. ham Lincoln had long before determined to the existence of slavery anywhere in
That Members of the House may be that when the proper time came, he the United States. So extreme was their
refreshed, I Insert this :resolution at this would indeed strike the chains from a position, however, that they failed to
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 Approved FCggI@"M3 C PjaRDgtf,~46R000200140041-4 18891
The result of increased investments in
small business through the SBIC's is an in-
crease in national productivity and em-
ployment as well as the fulfillment of the
primary consideration of helping small busi-
ness place itself, in a better competitive posi-
tion.
I know of one specific instance which es-
pecially demonstrates the value of the pro-
gram. Until recently, the Defense Depart-
ment had only one major source from which
to purchase a highly important component
item. A small firm capable of producing the
item was unable to compete for the con-
tract because of inadequate capital. An
SBIC, after studying the small firm's poten-
tial, agreed to provide the needed financing
and the small business is now a competitive
bidder and has been supplying a substantial
part of the Defense Department's need. By
providing a small firm with the means to
become competitive and to survive, this
SBIC contributed not solely to the welfare
of tqis particular business, but also to the
elimination of a sole source procurement
situation.
I have cited this specific SBIC investment
because I think it is an excellent example
of both the direct and the indirect advan-
tages that flow throughout our economy
from the maintenance of a strong and
healthy small business community.
When equity capital is needed and is not
available, the trend of small firms is toward
consolidation with competitors or with a
big business. It is my hope that the SBIC
program will slow down and perhaps even
reverse this trend and help small concerns
to preserve their identity and continue as
a significant force in the American economy.
As the Small Business Committee stated
in its most recent annual report, a primary
factor in the success of the program has been
and will continue to be the flexibility of the
act under which this type of financing can
be provided. There's not only flexibility in
the methods of providing assistance to small
concerns but provision has been made for
the SBIC industry to serve all segments of
the small business community.
The needs of small business are vastly
different. A small retailer, for example, may
require $20,000 to $30,000 in long-term credit
for the expansion which will enable him to
grow and prosper; whereas, a small manu-
facturer competing with the giants of Amer-
ican industry may have just as great a need
for $2 to $3 million in equity capital for plant
expansion and equipment.
There is a vast differe,ce between the
needs of these two members of the small
business community but small they are and
survive they must if our free enterprise sys-
tem is to function as it should.
BENEFITS FOR MEMBERS OF ARMED
FORCES OF NATIONS ALLIED WITH
THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD
-WAR II
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I intro-
duce, for appropriate reference, a bill to
amend section 109 of title 38, United
States Code, to provide benefits for mem-
bers of the armed forces of nations allied
with the United States in World War II.
My amendment would make benefits
available to a person who served in ac-
tive service in the armed forces of any
government allied with the United States
in World War 11 who has been a lawful
resident of the United States for at least
10 years, and who during such service
was a member of forces which Actually
participated in armed conflict against an
enemy of the United States. Such a
11970) to promote the general welfare,
foreign policy, and security of the United
States through International trade
agreements and through adjustment as-
sistance to domestic industry, agricul-
ture, and ,labor, and for other purposes;
agreed to the conference asked by the
Senate on the disagreeing votes of the
two Houses thereon, and that Mr.
MILLS, Mr. KING of California, Mr.
BOGGS, Mr. KEOGH, Mr. MASON, Mr.
BYRNES of Wisconsin, and Mr. BAKER
were appointed managers on the part of
the House at the conference.
The message further announced that
the House had passed the following bills,
in which it requested the concurrence
of the Senate:
H.R.9943. An act for the relief of Stella
McKee;
H.R. 12082. An act to amend the Internal
Security Act of 1950; and
H.R. 13067. An act to amend title VIII
of the National Housing Act with respect
to the authority of the Federal Housing
Commissioner to pay certain real property
taxes and to make payments in lieu of real
property taxes.
The -following bills were each read
twice by their titles and referred as
indicated:
H.R.9943. An act for the relief of Stella
McKee; and
H.R. 12082. An act to amend the Internal
Security Act of 1950; to the Committee on
the Judiciary.
ENROLLED BILLS PRESENTED -
The Secretary of the Senate reported
that on today, September 20, 1962, he
presented to the President of the United
States the following enrolled bills:
S.4. An act to provide for the establish-
ment of the Padre Island National Seashore;
S. 149. An act for the relief of the estate of
Gregory J. Kessenich;
5.319. An act to amend part I of the In-
terstate Commerce Act in order to provide
that the provisions of section 4(I) thereof,
relating to long- and short-haul charges,
shall not apply to express companies;
S. 1161. An act to provide for the use of
lands in the Garrison Dam project by the
Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold
Reservation;
S. 1307._ An act, to amend seption 128 of
title 28, United States Code, to constitute
Richland, Wash., a place of holding court
for the eastern district of Washington,
southern division, and to waive section 142
of title 2$, United States Code with respect
to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern
District of Washington, Southern Division,
holding court at Richland, Wash.;
S. 1924. An act to amend the act of August
27, 1954 (68 Stat. 868) with respect to the
Uintah and Ouray Reservation in Utah;
S. 2357. An act to provide for the regula-
tion of credit life insurance and credit acci-
dent and health insurance in the District of
Columbia;
S. 2511. An act to provide for the produc-
tion and distribution of educational and
training films for use by deaf persons, and
for other purposes;
S. 2696. An act to correct certain land de-
scriptions in the act entitled "An act to de-
clare that the United States hold in trust for
the pueblos of Santa Ana, Zia, Jemez, San
Felipe, Santo Domingo, Cochiti, Isleta, and
San Ildefonso certain public domain lands";
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person would derive benefits-as hospi-
tal and domiciliary care and medical
services-to the same extent as If his
service had been performed in the Armed
Forces of the United States.
I have studied the treatment accorded
to similar war veterans in other coun-
tries. For instance, the British Royal
Air Force Benevolent Fund gives able
and extensive assistance to former mem-
bers, and their dependents, of the two
Polish fighter squadrons which fought
with the RAF against the Luftwaffe in
the Battle of Britain. The members of
these squadrons escaped from the near-
total destruction by Hitler of the Polish
armed forces, made their way to France
and ultimately to England, finally to per-
form distinguished service for the RAF.
The Benevolent Fund- of the RAF now
provides grants and loans to those in
need of assistance, makes interest-free
loans to those In need of money to buy
tools, and helps obtain employment to
those out of work. In this way, the
British people show their gratitude to
those who -fought for Britain.
Investigation shows a pressing need.
for legislation dealing with this problem
in our country. Thousands of brave men
of different nationalities served the goals
of the free world in the Second World
War. The Polish people were especially
notable for their exemplary bravery and
service. After the hostilities had ended,
many of these distinguished soldiers
came to the United States. Here, to-
gether with their families, they hoped to
rebuild their lives and salvage, the
dreams the war had reduced to rubble.
Financial reward cannot exhaust our
gratitude. But it could make the lives
of these brave men a bit easier.
Mr. President, the United States has
always been proud of its tradition of
faithfulness to friends. I now ask that
those who fought for the principles
which we hold most dear now be assisted
by passage of this legislation.
The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will
be received and appropriately referred.
The bill (S. 3738) to amend section
109 of title 38, United States Code, to
provide benefits for members of the
armed forces of nations allied with the
United States In World War II, intro-
duced by Mr. S,corr, was received, read
twice by its title, and referred to the
Committee on Labor and Public Welfare.
MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE
A message from the House of Repre-
sentatives, by Mr. Bartlett, one of its
reading clerks, announced that the
House had concurred in the amendment
of the Senate numbered 1 to the bill
(H.R. 1960) to amend chapter 85 of title
23 of the United States Code relating to
the jurisdiction of the United States
district courts, and for other purposes,
with an amendment, In which it re-
quested the concurrence of the Senate,
and that the House had concurred in
the amendment of the Senate numbered
2 to the bill.
The message also announced that the
House had disagreed to the amend-
ments of the Senate to the bill (H.R.
 18892 Approved For Releae8PftTAJ&W-RFF8034QQ0140041-4 September 20
S. 2971. An act to declare that certain
lands of the United States are held by the
United States in trust for the Jicarilla
Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Reservation;
S. 3086. An act to provide for a reduction
in the workweek of the Fire Department of
the District of Columbia, and for other
purposes;
S. 8154. An act to amend Public Law 86-
184, an act to provide for the striking of
medals in commemoration of the 100th anni-
versary of the admission of West Virginia
into the Union as a State;
S. 3815. An act to relieve owlters of abut-
ting property from certain assessments in
connection with the repair of alleys and side-
walks in the District of Columbia;
S. 3317. An act to amend the provisions of
law relating to personal property coming into
the custody of the property clerk, Metropoli-
tan Police Department, and for other
purposes; and
S.3580. An act to amend the Atomic En-
ergy Community Act of 1955, as amended, to
provide for the disposal of federally owned
properties at Los Alamos, N. Mex., and for
other purposes.
ADDRESSES, EDITORIALS, ARTI-
CLES, ETC., PRINTED IN THE
APPENDIX
On request, and by unanimous con-
sent, addresses, editorials, articles, etc.,
were ordered to be printed in the Ap-
pendix, as follows:
By Mrs. SMITH of Maine:
Article entitled "The Monroe Doctrine is
Still Alive," written by Brig. Gen. J. D. Hittle,
U.S. Marine Corps (retired), Director of Na-
tional Security and Foreign Affifairs, Vet-
erans of Foreign Wars.
By Mr. SCOTT:
Article entitled "U.S. Strategy in No. 1
Danger Area," written by Maj. Gen. Max S.
Johnson (Ret,), published in the U.S. News
& World Report of September 17, 1962.
Article entitled "European Unity: The
Different Political Goals," written by Robert
C. Doty, published in the New York Times on
September 18, 1962; an article entitled "Eu-
ropean Unity: Economic Problems," written
by Seth S. King, published in the New York
Times on September 16, 1962.
By Mr. THURMOND:
Editorial entitled "Russian Roulette,"
written by Rev. A. McKay Brabham, Jr.,
editor, published in the South Carolina
Methodist Advocate.
Editorial relating to Robert Soblen, broad-
cast on radio station Wc4AC in Augusta,
Ga. ,
Editorial entitled "J. L. Sims," published
in the State, Columbia, S.C., on September
19, 1962; editorial entitled "Death Was Not
a Stranger," published in the Columbia, S.C.,
Record on September 18, 1962; editorial en-
titled "J. L. Sims," published in the News
and Courier, Charleston, S.C., on September
16, 1962; an article entitled "J. L. Sims,
T. & D. Publisher, "Dies," published in the
Times & Democrat, Orangeburg, S.C., on
September 15, 1962.
By Mr. WILEY:
Article entitled. "Defeat on the Great
Lakes: U.S. Ships, Mines Lose Out," written
by Leo J. Hertzel, published in the Milwau-
kee, Wis., Journal on September 16, 1962.
S. POLICY WITH RESPECT TO
CUBA
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I rise in
animously reported by the Foreign Rela-
tions and Armed Services Committees.
In my opinion, this resolution, in clear
and candid terms, states the correct
position for our country to take with
respect to the troubled conditions in that
Caribbean island 90 miles from our
shores.
All Americans must feel anger and
frustration at the situation in Cuba.
Castro's Communist subversion of the
Cuban revolution has hoisted a Red flag
within sight of our shores. I share the
common concern about the recent ar-
rival of Soviet technicians and weapons,
both Mig fighters and short-range mis-
siles. Khrushchev's insulting warnings
to! the United States have raised every-
one's blood pressure.
But in this situation there is a heavy
obligation on those of us in public office
to help our Nation keep events in per-
spective; to avoid aggravating a tense
international problem with cheap, rash
talk for political gain.
This is no time for war hawks. This
is l :no time to call for the imposition of
a naval blockade, in itself an act of war.
This is no time for garrulous old men to
deal lightly with the lives of young men
whom they might send to war.
1: repudiate the belligerent, irrespon-
sible, demagogic talk, and I support
wholeheartedly the pending resolution-
a resolution supporting the intelligent
position of the President of the United
States, which has been brought forward
by the combined Armed Services and
Foreign Relations Committees.
I hope it will be unanimously adopted
by' the Senate, and thus state in unmis-
takable terms our national will and de-
sire to protect the interests of freedom
in our hemisphere, and at the same time
to repudiate the unwarranted, irrespon-
sible and belligerent efforts of many to
force the United States of America into
an unwanted and unneeded war in viola-
tion of solemn treaty obligations against
unilateral acts of intervention.
I am happy to state my position in
support of the policy of drawing a cordon
sanitaire around Cuba and thus protect-
ing the effort of our Latin American
allies to maintain their freedom with our
support.
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, will
the Senator from Pennsylvania yield?
:Mr. CLARK. I am happy to yield to
my friend from Washington.
Mr. MAGNUSON. Without going into
details on the joint resolution, as to
which I expect to have something to say
latter in the afternoon, the Senate is
about to consider some so-called mari-
time bills today.
Mr. CLARK. So I have heard.
Mr. MAGNUSON. We have all been
working to preserve the American mer-
chant marine in many ways. There are
Many ways in which we can tackle the
problem with respect to which the joint
resolution will deal.
I should like to quote from a UPI dis-
patch which appeared in the morning
newspaper:
Two Italian freighters loaded with Rus-
sian goods for Cuba remained tied up in port
today because crew members refused to con-
t1hue the trip.
The reference is to a port in Italy.
Port sources said the tieup could worsen
this week when two more ships carrying
Russian goods to Cuba are due.
I make the suggestion that all the
so-called NATO countries which are
engaged in this struggle with us against
the Russian ideology, which is so re-
pugnant to us, which has now spread its
ugly ramifications into Cuba, if they are
sincere in regard to the effort-I am
sure they are, and I do not question it-
could take the same action. They can
see what at least a few Italians have done
in regard to the blockade of Cuba. I call
upon the maritime nations which belong
to NATO to take a good long look at this
procedure, because it could be very effec-
tive.
M:r. CLARK. I thank my friend for
his helpful interjection. I, too, com-
mend the action by the Italian crews.
The VICE PRESIDENT. The time of
the Senator from Pennsylvania has
expired.
Mr. CLARK. I hope that shipping in-
terests in other NATO countries will ex-
hibit a similar desire.
Mr. M!?AGNUSON. Yes.
The VICE PRESIDENT. The time of
the Senator from Pennsylvania has
expired.
THE CHICAGO & NORTH WESTERN
RAILWAY STRIKE
Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, President
Kennedy's dilemma over what todonext
about the strike against the Chicago &
North Western Railway is a very real one,
and until he faces up to the action it
compels he is impaled squarely on its
horns.
His tortuous path along the rocky road
of labor disputes is well lighted by two
editorials recently appearing in the
New York Times and the Chicago Sun-
Times. They ask the obvious question,
"Why,. Mr. President?"
Why do we see firm action by the
President to back up his extra-legal
board in the aerospace industry, a board
whose findings were favorable to labor,
and then have him avoid, like the small-
pox, the findings of the statutory board
in the Chicago & North Western Rail-
way strike, a legally authorised board,
whose findings are opposed by labor?
In the aerospace strike he said, "Man-
agement, get in line or take the conse-
quences for halting our missile pro-
gram." :In the railway strike, the board
recommendations having been ignored,
the :Pres.ident says "make concessions."
Mr. President, the Chicago & North
Western strike is surrounded with de-
spair. Beet farmers either ship their
beets or end up broke. Farm produce,
merchandise of every kind, and even
commuters, must move. If they do not,
the slump in the Midwest's economy will
make the stock market slump almost as
palatable as a yacht race on a sunny
afternoon.
Labor experts doubt that the injunc-
tive relief contained in the Taft-Hart-
ley Act covers this railway strike. If
we disagree, and believe it can be em-
ployed, use it. If Taft-Hartley does not
seera to apply, recommend to leaders in
the Congress its incorporation in the
Railway Labor Act.
Another expedient available? is the bill
S. 794, introduced by the Senator from
Illinois [Mr. DIRKSENI on February 6,
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The awa,F.d will be formally presented to
Senator IAGxuscN at NDTA'a 17th annual
transportation and logistics forum which will
be held in San Francisco, October 28--31.
Actual presentation of the award will take
place during the association's annual ban-
quet the evening of October 31 in San Fran-
sico's Sheraton-Palace,,, Hotel.
The citation accompanying the award said
that Senator MAGNUSON, during his career
in Congress, "has been particularly active
and effective In the geld of transportation
legislation bearing upon all modes of trans-
portation."
"In his capacity as chairman of the Senate
Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com-
merce, he has constantly and consistently
led the way in endeavors designed to enhance
and to improve our national transportation
system throughout. His successful efforts
range through the Magnuson-Monroney aid
to airports bill, the Federal Aviation Act,
congressional approval of the International
Rail and Highway Commission studies, de-
velopment of the world's first nuclear-pro-
pelled merchant ship, the N.S. Savannah;
the world's first oceangoing hydrofoil vessel,
the H.S. Denison; the Transportation Act of
1958, and most recently the report developed
under his guidance, as a result of Senate
Resolution No. 29 of the 86th Congress.
"His_ inspiring leadership and enthusiasm,
sturdy principles and progressive spirit, and
his valuable and noteworthy service in the
cause of transportation preparedness have
merited for him the respect of the entire
transportation world," the citation con-
cluded.
Born in Moorhead, Clay County, Minn.,
April 12, 1905, Senator MAGI;IUSON came to
Washington, D.C., January 1937, as a Mem-
ber of the House of Representatives from
Seattle, Wash., where he served until as-
suming his Senate seat on December 13, 1944.
He now ranks 9th among Democrats and
11th in seniority in the membership of the
Senate of the 87th Congress.
Senator MAGNUSON holds important posi-
tions In the Senate for the advancement
of his and the Nation's transportation ob-
jectives.
He is chairman of the Senate Committee
on Commerce and chairman of the Subcom-
mittee on Independent Offices of the Senate
Committee on Appropriations, which weighs
the funding needs of 29 Government agen-
cies, including all regulatory agencies and of
the Federal Aviation Agency, the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, In-
terstate Commerce Commission, and the
Office of Emergency Planning.
Senator MAGNUSON is also a member of
the Senate Committee on Aeronautical and
Space Sciences, chairman of the Standing
Subcommittee on Merchant Marine and
Fisheries, and of the Special Subcommittee
To Study Operation of the Military Air
Transport Service and the Military Sea
Transportation Service, chairman of the
Special Subcommittee To Study Methods of
Advancing Foreign Trade Between the United
States and Asia, and Between the United
States and Canada and Iceland.
In addition, Senator MAGNUSON is the rec-
ognized spokesman for transportation in the
nine-member Senate Democratic policy com-
mittee on which he serves, and he heads the
Congressional Board of Visitors to both the
U.S. Coast Guard Academy and the U.S.
Merchant Marine Academy.
OTHER AWARD WINNERS
Senator MAGNUsoN, as the 1961 winner of
the National Transportation Award, heads a
list of many transportation-field leaders who
have been honored in previous years. They
include Morris Forgash, chairman of the
board and president of the United States
Freight Co., selected as the 1960 winner for
sparking industrywide interest in a basic set
of standards and dimensions of transporta-
tion equipment; Stephen D. Bechtel, Sr.,
1959 winner, selected for his strengthening
of transportation facilities through engi-
neering and construction, mainly in the
building of oil and natural gas pipeline sys-
tems; Robert G. LeTourneau, 1958, for his
development of heavy-duty handling, haul-
ing, and loading equipment; William T.
Faricy, 1957, for his efforts to strengthen
transportation as a leader of the Associa-
tion of American Railroads; Donald J.
Russell, 1956, for his contribution to the
solution of emergency transportation prob-
lems; Donald W. Douglas, Sr., 1955, for his
work in both military and civilian trans-
portation, and Charles H. Weaver, 1954, for
the design and construction of the nuclear
powerplant for the submarine Nautilus.
The National Defense Transportation As-
sociation, a military-civilian group of trans-
portation professionals established the Na-
tional Transportation Award in 1949 to pro-
mote transportation preparedness and to
foster a keener realization of military trans-
portation requirements.
SENATOR TO DELIVER MAJOR ADDRESS
oLTOEF:R 31
Senator MAGNUSON is expected to deliver
a major transportation message when he
speaks to NDTA delegates at their annual
banquet.
MAGNA CARTA
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, the
Baronial Order of Magna Charta is a
highly esteemed, patriotic organization,
with its headquarters in Philadelphia.
Its members are to be found in the vari-
ous States of the Union-many of them
in Pennsylvania. The sureties of Magna
Carta were the barons and nobles
chosen to see to it that the English King
did nothing to stay or destroy the
liberties granted under the famous Docu-
ment of Runnymede, approved in 1215.
Every year the annual meeting of the
officers and members of the order is held
usually in Philadelphia or its environs.
These meetings are usually held at the
home of members; and a feature involved
is the display of the banners of the
original sureties. Weather permitting,
the dinner that is served is on the lawn
of the host. These occasions are well at-
tended; and the wives and daughters of
the members lend the "eloquence of their
presence." The annual meeting falls on
a Saturday in the early summer, at
which business is transacted, and the
social aspects observed.
On the day following the annual meet-
ing, Sunday, a Magna Carta service
is held in Old Christ Church, in the heart
of Philadelphia, and an address is de-
livered, concerning Magna Carta, by an
outstanding publicist. The banners of
the ancient sureties are carried in the
church procession. Following the serv-
ice the order makes bestowal of its an-
nual award of merit on the speaker.
this action was made by former Con-
gressman Maurice H. Thatcher, of Ken-
tucky, a member of the order and on its
governing board of sureties.
On the next day, June 17, at the
Magna Carta service held in Christ
Church, Hon. John C. Bell, Jr., chief jus-
tice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court,
was the speaker, and he delivered a most
interesting and patriotic address. Fol-
lowing its delivery, Justice Bell was
presented with the order's annual award
of merit for outstanding public service.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent for inclusion of this excellent ad-
dress in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
ADDRESS or JOHN C. BELL, JR., CHIEF JUSTICE
OF THE SUPREME COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA,
AT CHRIST CHURCH, PHILADELPHIA, JUNE 17,
1962
We are gathered today to celebrate the
747th anniversary of one of the greatest and
probably the most famous document in Eng-
lish history, the Magna Charta. It is par-
ticularly appropriate that these commemora-
tive services should be held in Philadelphia,
the city which is the birthplace of liberty,
and In Christ Church, because it is probably
the most famous church in our country.
This historic church is rich in tradition,
glorious in its spirituality, and wonderful
in the influence which it has exerted in
Philadelphia and on the Founding Fathers of
our Nation. It was chartered by the Bishop
of London in 1695, upon petition of 36 per-
sons, including physicians, lawyers, carpen-
ters, a baker, a dyer, a judge of the Admir-
alty, and two "pirates." It was the first
Church of England parish in this colony, and
thus the mother church of the diocese of
Pennsylvania. It was a shrine of American
patriots during Revolutionary times, and
especially when the Declaration of Independ-
ence was being drafted and signed, and the
Constitution was adopted. George Washing-
ton, Benjamin Franklin, and many other
leaders of our country worshipp; d at Christ
Church and many of them are buried here.
The Protestant Episcopal Church in the
United States was formed in Christ Church
after the Revolution, and William White,
who was its outstanding rector for 57 years,
was not only chaplain of the Continental
Congress, but also became the first bishop
of Pennsylvania.
Its spiritual leadership has been combined
with temporal leadership and works of
charity and benevolence. Through the in-
fluence of members of its congregation, four
churches in nearby counties have been estab-
lished, as was the University of Pennsylvania,
the Episcopal Academy, and the Philadelphia
Divinity School. After 260 years since its
founding, Christ Church has lost nothing of
its spirituality and its dynamic activity as a
church and parish. Its parish groups and
organizations are constantly aiding the poor,
the helpless and the needy, and spreading the
Kingdom of God at home and abroad. Its
fame and historic appeal is evident from the
fact that some 175,000 people visit Christ
Charles Edgar Hires, former marshal- and Young e1y ou,vuv are schoolchildren, scouts
and young people.
chief officer of the order-in Bryn Mawr, Our ancestors who founded America, be-
in Metropolitan Philadelphia. The lieved that God created men in equality and
meeting is designated the annual grand willed them to be free in body, spirit and
chapter. Col. Thomas R. White, Jr., is soul. Our forefathers crossed 3,000 miles of
the present marshal. a wild unknown ocean and gave up security,
An interesting feature of this meeting in order to live and worship in freedom. In
was the election of Gen. Douglas Mac- words and is deeds they proclaimed their be-
lief
Arthur as all honorary life member of the top God, and in freedom from
this any this inlthe
order. He is eligible for membership un- cl rat Independence, i ruler, They dethey estab-
der the
his ancestral lines. The motion for Declaration
shed it by a revolution, and they ordained
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in President Kennedy's word. It is that the
public discussion has grown too narrow,
making it sound as though the United States
had only two choices: Either dp nothing at
all about the Soviet occupation of Cuba, or
else immediately mount a military invasion
to take over the island.
The President himself leaves this implica-
tion. His stated policy is to do nothing at
present, but to act boldly at any time the
Communist buildup in Cuba endangers or
interferes with the security of the United
States or its hemispheric allies.
It may be that these black-and-white al-
ternatives are the only ones left. After all,
the United States has already used up a lot
of economic and political weapons. It cut
Castro off from Cuba's prime sugar market;
it embargoed exports to Cuba of everything
but some food and medicine; it succeeded
in getting a somewhat grudging denuncia-
tion of Castro from the Organization of
American States and his exclusion from the
Inter-American Defense Board.
Still, today's either/or atmoshere obviously
encourages the proponents of each alterna-
tive-those eager to rush into Cuba without
further ado, and those who don't want the
United States to fight anywhere for anything.
And this atmosphere deters people from tak-
ing thought to see if there are any other
possible ways for dealing with this expand-
ing Soviet base on our doorstep.
Certainly some other possibilities exist,
whether or not they necessarily represent
wise course's for the United States. One
would be an attempt to force the Soviet hand
in Cuba by applying pressure elsewhere, as
for example curbing trade with the Soviet
bloc. Similarly, there could be diplomatic
pressures, including breaking relations with
the Soviet Union.
Or, to confine the response to Soviet Cuba
itself, the United States could tell the Krem-
lin that unless it voluntarily stops shipping
arms and men to Cuba, the United States
will do the stopping. If they refused, that
would of course mean a blockade as far as
all military shipments to or from Cuba are
concerned.
Now a blockade is a military act but it
is not of itself war. If the Soviets refrained
from making it an occasion of war, then
the effect would be to isolate Cuba. The
Soviets would still have their base but it
wouldn't do them much good. In such cir-
cumstances Castro and Cuban communism
might or might not collapse from economic
strangulation, but at least we would have
neutralized the threat to our security.
Or the United States could go further
and tell the Soviets to get out of Cuba al-
together if they don't want to be evicted.
Again, a course clearly risking strong Soviet
reaction. Yet it might be remembered that
the Soviets have always backed down in the
face of Western firmness; even the Korean
war probably would not have occurred had
not the Soviets thought the sailing was
clear. In the case of Cuba, military experts
think it extremely doubtful that the Soviets
would fight for it; there is too much against
them, and its intrinsic importance may not
be all that great to them.
We cite these courses not In advocacy
but to suggest there still is ground between
total inaction and a precipitate plunge into
Cuba. Words, it is clear, are not enough.
Right after the Bay of Pigs debacle a
year ago April, President Kennedy had
strong words to say about our course in
Cuba; so did he last week. Yet in the in-
terim the Soviets have secured and greatly
strengthened their Caribbean base with no
opposition from the United States.
If the United States continues to appear
weak and lets the Soviets move about the
Western Hemisphere with impunity, there is
no telling how far they will go. That is
why we think the public discussion, not to
mention Government planning, should cen-
ter on all possible ways of ending the So-
viet Immunity.
[From Life magazine, Sept. 21, 19621
WHAT SHOULD MONROE DOCTRINE MEAN?
BLOCKADE
Khrushchev's arms buildup in Cuba is an
insolent challenge to the Western Hemi-
sphere which has so far drawn no adequate
response from the President of the United
States. The White House is wrapped in what
appears to be indecision. A measure of in-
decision is understandable, for we have been
skillfully ambushed by Khrushchev. But
the President must act, and we urge him to
invoke the Monroe Doctrine, a foundation
stone of U.S. foreign policy, to prevent Cas-
tro's further import of Communist arms.
What has happened to the Monroe Doc-
trine? When Khrushchev pronounced it
"dead" 2 years ago Eisenhower denied it
and so has Kennedy. But Khrushchev is
evidently trying to prove it dead or to find
out what it means, Being unilateral, the
Doctrine has always meant just what the
United States says it means, including what
kind of "colonization" it is intended to for-
bid. But to mean anything to Khrushchev,
the doctrine needs a fresh definition of the
kind the United States will risk a fight for.
Kennedy owes the world that clarification.
In his statement admitting the Cuban
buildup Kennedy said it is not yet a serious
military threat to the United States. He
made a distinction (hardly tenable) between
offensive and defensive weapons, implying
that a continued buildup will raise the
"gravest issues"-that is, issues of U.S. pre-
ventive action. We suggest that the issue is
sufficiently grave already; that the presence
of massive Soviet arms and soldiers in this
hemisphere Is hostile to the Monroe Doc-
trine, and that it should be specifically
defined to exclude them. Russian arms have
turned Cuba into a Russian colony as abject
as East Germany, It not yet a threat to the
continental United States, they are such to
the harassed governments of Venezuela, Gua-
temala, Honduras and several other members
of our hemisphere security system, not to
mention our Marine base at Guantanamo or
the Panama Canal. And they are a political
threat to the U.S. position as a world power.
How then can Kennedy stop further Com-
munist arms to Cuba and make an updated
Monroe Doctrine stick? He has taken some
first steps. He is bringing pressure on our
NATO allies not to let their ships be chartered
for this traffic. Dean Rusk has proposed an
informal meeting of Western Hemisphere
foreign ministers to discuss possible OAS
action. Moreover, Kennedy has promised to
continue helping Caribbean nations patrol
their shores against arms smuggled from
Cuba.
These steps are not enough. The next one,
we suggest, is that the U.B. Navy, with what-
ever Latin American support we can muster,
atop and search all vessels, especially Soviet
vessels, entering Cuban waters and suspected
of carrying more Soviet arms or men. The
men would be sent home, the arms dumped
in the sea.
Rusk has discouraged a blockade talk on
the ground that it would be an act of war.
But a blockade against armaments is less
warlike than Khrushchev's massive arming
of Castro. It is less bellicose than Khru-
shchev's irresponsible rodomontade of last
week, in which he ac.used the United States
of plotting an invasion of Cuba and threat-
ened nuclear war. An arms blockade-al-
though it may mean war-is not necessarily
a formal act of war, especially If the 139-
year-old Monroe Doctrine is interpreted to
require it.
In so interpreting It, we must of course
seek assent from our Latin allies, with whom
we have increasingly shared responsibility
for the doctrine's definition since 1933. But
we have not surrendered this responsibility;
the Latins are inclined to evade it; and our
whole hemisphere security system depends
in the last analysis on U.S. power. Said
Kennedy last year: "If the nations of this
hemisphere should fail to meet their com-
mitments against outside Communist pene-
tration * * * this Government will not
hesitate in meeting its primary obligations
which are to the security of our Nation."
It is true that U.S. Interests and security
are now global, not merely hemispheric.
Kennedy himself seems unduly Impressed
with Khrushchev's argument that if we sup-
port NATO bases near Russia's Turkish bor-
der, why can't Russia have bases in our
backyard? Though our interests are global,
we have a prior commitment to this hemi-
sphere; and there is no law telling us we
must not resist aggression until our declared
enemy is as worldwide as we.
The Soviet buildup near Florida is the
most direct challenge to the Monroe Doctrine
since Maximilian invaded Mexico_ The re-
assertion of the doctrine against this threat
will reassure our uneasy allies and put spine
In the inter-American system. Above all, it
will let Khrushchev know that Kennedy,
who once said, "Our restraint is not inex-
haustible," is not the victim of permanent
indecision. A blockade has its dangers, in-
cluding that of physical sailor-to-sailor con-
tact with the enemy, though the conflict will
remain as limited as Khrushchev desires.
There is far greater danger in continued
piecemeal acceptance of the worldwide Com-
munist advance.
[From the Washington Evening Star, Sept.
19, 1962]
BEWARE "AFTER ALL" VIEW ON CUBA-RATION-
ALIZING OF THE SOVIETS' TAKEOVER WITH
FREE WORLD'S BASES Is FOUND FAULTY
(By William S. White)
A curious line is running through much
public and private comment about the pres-
ence in Castro Cuba of Soviet arms and
Soviet "technicians." It might be called the
argument of after all, and it goes thus:
It is very upsetting, of course, that the
Soviet Union has now made a publicly
boasted military lodgment in this hemi-
sphere. But, after all, the United States has
forces of its own or allies of its own in many
places confronting Russia, too.
Of this sort of reasoning the only pos-
sible query is how "sophisticated," how "ob-
jective," can you get? Isn't this another
way of saying that there is, underneath, not
much difference between us and our record
and intentions and the Soviet Union and its
record and Intentions?
Is there no distinction between the posi-
tioning of American forces in free countries
which have asked for our protection and the
positioning of Soviet forces In countries
which have been brutally and simply over-
run-say Hungary and Poland?
We have troops in West Germany, yes.
But is West Germany under our rule as East
Germany is under Nikita Khrushchev's rule?
President Kennedy, whose whole adminis-
tration has been involved in endless and
often losing arguments with Chancellor
Adenauer, would hardly say so.
For a decade we have had troops or mili-
tary associations in a Europe running from
Turkey on the east to Italy on the south and
France on the west. But have we dominated
any of those countries? Charles de Gaulle
of France would hardly prove so. For
American foreign policy has been as notably
unsuccessful in dominating General de
Gaulle as It has been In dominating Chan-
cellor Adenauer or the Turks or the Italians
or the Belgians or any of the others.
And where and when have we used a for-
eign base or lodgment to assault another
nation? How many times has the Soviet
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ment tells us that we must wait until the
Communists can do us real harm before
action is taken, Meanwhile, nothing is
to be done to prevent this threat from
arising. Even though history has con-
clusively demonstrated that the Com-
munists appreciate and respond only to
firm, resolute action, the administration
proposes that instead we give the Reds
an uninterrupted diet of weakness and
vacillation.
As a substitute for a meaningful policy,
an attempt has been made by the ad-
ministration to divert attention from the
very real crisis in Cuba. On the one
hand we are told that Berlin is the real
problem, not Cuba, and by implication
that we should not worry much about
the Castro government and the Soviet
military buildup in Cuba. Inspired leaks
were given to the press by administra-
tion spokesmen espousing this peculiar
dogma which maintains that if we have
two problems, we should only worry
about one.
WE MUST FACE UP TO CUBA OR LOSE ALL LATIN
Even though it Is most embarrassing
to the administration we must direct
our attention to Cuba and to Latin
America as well as to Berlin. The fact
remains that our present policy toward
Cuba is an open invitation for further
Communist inroads in Latin America.
They have seen the admini'stration panic
at the Bay of Pigs, and they see our
present indecisive timidity. We are,
therefore, driving them toward an active
anti-American neutralism, if not out-
right collaboration with the Communists.
As the Latin American expert for the
Washington Daily News, Virginia Prew-
ett, observed In an article on September
President Kennedy's announced determi-
nation to act against Castro only if Russia_
makes Cuba strong enough to attack the
United States or Latin America militarily
is inviting the anti-American mice out to
play' throughout the hemisphere.
As a result, Latin America is rapidly slip-
ping toward anti-U.S. neutralism or pro-
Communist control without the firing of a
single shot by Castro.
'In conclusion she says:
President Kennedy's limited defense of
Cuba is inviting our hemisphere opposition
to boil furiously, while we are a noncon-
tender.
This same theme was developed in a
Wall Street Journal editorial for Sep- ing that the United States is an irreso-
tember 18: lute ally which, because of fear and
If the the United States continues to ap- timidity, is unwilling to protect its na-
pear weak and lets the Soviets move about tional'interests and the interests of the
the Western Hemisphere with impunity, Western Hemishpere.
there is no telling how far they will go. Immediate action is vital; further de-
That is why we think the public discussion, lay will. be fatal. The American people
not to mention Government planning, are waiting for the President to lead.
should center on all possible ways of ending
the Soviet immunity. He will. have their unwavering support
If he I shall ask unanimous consent that Si nc e is c I now and det is his speech there
both of these articles appear in the REC- e; prepared t hi speech
at the conclusion of my remarks. have been two excellent comments
the Cuban situation, one in a Life edi-
The United States is, therefore, con- torial and the other written by the noted
signed to a role of "noncontender" while columnist William S. White. I ask
administration policies invite our hemi- unanimous consent that these, along
sphere opposition to move away from with the two articles previously men-
us while the Soviets move about the tinned, may be printed in the RECORD
Western Hemisphere with impunity, following my remarks.
On the other hand, another effort to
divert attention from Cuba has been
made by the New Frontier. President
Kennedy's special adviser on African and
Asian affairs, Chester Bowles, managed
to build a magnificent strawman in a
speech given, with White House blessing,
on September 16. Instead of presenting
a firm, workable policy toward Cuba, he
attacked those who are concerned about
the utter lack of such a program.. He
clearly implied that all those who have
such a concern advocate an outright in-
vasion of Cuba and that the only alter-
native to invasion is a continuation of
the present do-nothing policy. This may
be a neat debating trick, but it will not
fool the American people. We know that
there are many other things that can be
done, many alternatives available. If
these are the only two choices that can
be dreamed up by administration spokes-
men, it is little wonder that our policy
toward Cuba has been so disastrous.
In summary, then, the administration
policy has been one of reaction, not ac-
tion; brave words without brave action;
statements that the Monroe Doctrine
still is our policy without implementing
it; this, coupled with attempts to divert
attention from Cuba and the crisis fac-
ing Latin America by creating strawmen
and by saying we should look only at
Berlin and not Cuba. Of course we must
look to Berlin, but we must also face up
to the Cuban threat immediately.
A PROGRAM OF ACTION
The present situation calls for firm
action. We should immediately meet
with the Organization of American
States in an effort to obtain a concerted
economic and political quarantine of
Cuba. We must demand that our NATO
allies, including Canada, must stop ship-
ping military hardware in NATO-owned
vessels or in planes that are permitted to
land in. NATO countries on the way to
Cuba. Russia and Cuba must be im-
mediately advised that the military
buildup in Cuba must stop and that
Russian military personnel must leave
the country. We should also give our
full support to the Cuban freedom fight-
ers. If these efforts fail, then the United
States should promptly apply a blockade
against Cuba. We can do nothing less
if we wish to stop a Communist takeover
of other Central and Latin American
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows::
IFrom the Washington Daily News, Sept. 17,
1962]
WE'RE FACING DISASTER IN SOUTH AMERICA
(By Virginia Prewett)
President Kennedy's announced determi-
nation to act against Castro only if Russia
makes Cuba sarong enough to attack the
United States or Latin America militarily is
inviting the anti-American mice out to play
throughout the hemisphere.
As a result, Latin America is rapidly slip-
ping toward ant's-U.S. neutralism or pro-
Communisro control without the firing of a
single shot by Castro.
The Organization of American States, our
hemisphere defense system, is being nibbled
to death.
Haiti, with two Communist cabinet ,nin-
isters, recently warned the OAS it's prepar-
ing charges against the Dominican Republic.
Informants say Haiti will accuse its Domini-
can neighbor of plotting an invasion.
Haiti is thus generating counterpressure
for Moscow against the Dominican Republic,
since the Dominicans are pushing charges in
the OAS that Cuba is inciting subversion in
their country. The United States is trying
to get the R.apublic started in self-govern-
ment after Cl) years of Trujillo dictatorship.
Bolivia, which has a Communist Vice
President, recently bolted the. OAS. The
trumped up excuse is a dispute with Chile
over use of the River Luca waters. This
argument, bumbling along for years, was
only lately blown u.p as a reason for dis-
rupting the OAS.
BRAZIL SLIPPING.
Brazil, already "neutralist," is slipping
deeper into the power of President Joao
Goulart's anti-American associates. Senor
Goulart has maneuvered his supporters Into
top army cormnands, but civil war is still a
possibility.
Senor C.oulart's triumphal visit to the
United States :last April rescued his then
tottering prestige and fostered his power
drive.
Argentina, only 2 years ago a showcase of
recovery with the cooperation of U.S. pri-
vate and public capital, has been economi-
cally shattered by the upsurge of totalitarian
Peronism aided by communism.
Peronism and communism are manipulat-
ing labor. huge packing plants and textile
factories are closed, with slowdowns in other
industries. Millions of letters are unde-
livered in paralyzed post offices. Newspapers
are reduced to skeletonized forms. TheGov-
ernment is 2 monthsbehind in paying civil
servants.
DIVIDED
While the Peronist-Communist combina-
tion gathers momentum from. Russia's strong
play in Cuba, antitotalitarian forces are
divided, d!.soriented, virtually leaderless,.
Central America's "President" Louis So-
moza of Nicaragua has just warned that
U.S. inaction against communism in Cuba
may "force" Latin Americans into the Soviet
bloc., This hints that President Somoza, who
inherited a family dictatorship but is now
being pressured to democratize his country,
may soon start playing the Communists
against the United States.
President Kennedy's limited defense on
Cuba is iavitin.g our hemisphere opposition
to boil furiously, while we are a noncon-
tender.
the Wall Street Journal, Sept. 18,
1962]
THE SOVIETS' IMMUNITY
The trouble with a lot of the talk about
Cuba, it seems to us, is not that it is "rash,"
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1961, to amend the Norris-LaGuardia
Act, the National Labor Relations Act,
and the Railway Labor Act. Hearings
were held on this bill in the 86th Con-
gress with no final action and the cur-
rent bill has been before the Senate for
19 months. It contains a quick and
reasonable remedy. It will protect the
rights of all parties.
Mr. President, earlier this week, in
the matter of a relatively few hours,, this
body passed the most comprehensive and
far-reaching trade bill ever passed by
any Congress. Under it, we have given
authority exceeding that ever before
given a Chief Executive of this great
Nation. Our demands are given great
weight. Whatever we need to cope with
the railway strike will, I am sure, be
promptly ours for the asking.
I ask unanimous consent to have
printed at this point in the RECORD var-
ious editorials on the subject.
There being no objection, the edito-
rials were ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
[From Omaha (Nebr.) World Herald, Sept.
15, 1962]
The Chicago & North Western strike,
which has idled the Nation's third largest
railroad, has inflicted widespread economic
hardship. Sugarbeet producers, particu-
larly, are threatened with considerable loss.
Sugarbeets have no value except in the
processing of sugar, and the only place they
can be' processed into sugar is in a sugar
factory, which in many cases is a consider-
able distance from the beet fields. The pe-
riod of time between the maturity of sugar-
beets and the start of freezing weather nor-
mally is a short one. Rapid and orderly
transportation of the crop is essential. Beet
producers feel that if they don't have the
crop moving in volume by October 1, their
financial loss may be heavy.
The Federal Government has made routine
efforts at conciliation. The White House has
Issued the usual expressions of concern.
But freight cars stand idle and rails rust.
We imagine that some of the sugarbeet pro-
ducers may wish that President Kennedy
would perform with some of the firepower
he displayed when the steel companies tried
to raise prices. But that-as yet, at least-
Is not the way the ball bounces.
[From the Madison (Wis.) State Journal,
Sept. 17, 1962]
CONCESSIONS, IF THAT IS THE WORD
President Kennedy's highly original sug-
gestions on how to end the Chicago &
North Western Railway strike should interest
Midwest farmers whose sugar beets may rot
in the fields and Wisconsin paper mill
workers now jobless because of the tieup.
"I am hopeful that both sides will make
sufficient concessions, if that is the word,
to permit an agreement," said the President
at his news conference last week.
What concessions, exactly, does the White
House have in mind by the North Western
management?
It already is on record as pledging that
telegraphers shifted to lower paid jobs would
get the difference in pay for 5 years; that
those laid off would get 60 percent of their
old pay for 3 to 5 years, even if working at
other jobs; that those required to move
would have their moving costs paid, and
guaranteed against loss in sale of their
homes; that retraining would be offered the
furloughed (laid off) workers; that pension
and hospitalization benefits would be con-
tinued for the part-pay period.
These offers by the railroad, made before
the strike began and restated since, would
seem to most Americans as about as far as
an employer can reasonably go in protecting
workers it no longer needs and can no longer
afford.
The telegraphers insist that they are not
demanding a "job freeze" or a veto over
management rights to hire only the men it
needs. Yet their refusal to consider the
North Western offer belles their protest. And
the fact that neither Mr. Goldberg nor his
successor, Mr. Wirtz. even once criticized
the North Western refusal to make a new
offer is pretty good evidence that the orig-
inal offer was fair.
Mr. Kennedy thinks that "both sides"
should make new concessions to end a costly
and senseless strike. His proposal is about
as nonpolitical as his trips to open new
dams and inspect missile plants.
[From the Fargo (N. Dak.) Forum and Moor-
head (N. Dak.) News, Sept. 7, 1962]
JOB SECURITY BIG ISSUE IN NORTH WESTERN
STRIKE
The strike of the Order of Railroad Teleg-
raphers against the Chicago & North Western
Railway does not involve any dispute over
wages or hours, but it relates solely to job
security.
It is a disturbing problem not only for the
participants, but for the public, particularly
to the public in the States through which
the railroad runs. The railroad had to close
down operations since other railroad unions
would not cross the picket lines.
The, railroads of the country are in diffi-
cult times. Faced with increasing compe-
tition from other carriers, they have found
that under their type of setup and the Fed-
eral and State controls over them, some way
must be discovered to get their properties
back on paying basis. That is why they
have been talking mergers. It is why they
have been trying to find ways to economize-
they know they must find ways. There have
been railroad heads who have declared that
they must have mergers, must put econo-
mies into force or private enterprise will be
out-that it will be necessary for the Fed-
eral Government to operate the railroads as
a last resort.
While there has been much talk of merg-
ers, little has been done about it. In the
meantime, railroads have been concerned
about doing what they can to get their own
houses in order. Modern communications
has been one approach. Prior to the em-
ployment of these techniques it was neces-
sary to man each local station with a teleg-
rapher even though many Stations were no
more than 5 or 6 miles apart. With the new
techniques, the North Western has been elim-
inating local station telegraphers wherever
possible.
When management refused to accede to a
job security demand that would require
union consent for the elimination of any
telegrapher's post that existed prior to 1957,
the strike was on.
A similar demand Is on file against the
New York Central, but an emergency board
appointed by President Kennedy rejected it
on August 30.
It is possible, under the Railway Labor
Act, for the telegrapher's union soon to call
a strike against the New York Central. The
law requires a delay of 30 days before a
strike can start-after the board's report is
made public.
In the Chicago & North Western dispute, a
Presidential emergency board recommended
on June 14, 1962, that the union's demand
for veto power over jobs be withdrawn. The
board also proposed that the railroad and
the union "negotiate a comprehensive pro-
gram of employee protection."
The union rejected the recommendations.
The railroad accepted them.
In commenting on the strike, the Wash-
ington Post says:
"By striking the Northwestern the union is
attempting to set a pattern which would
make it exceedingly difficult for the hard-
pressed railroads to institute economies
through the elimination of superfluous jobs.
Five factfinding boards have rejected the
union's demand for a job freeze. One such
board said: 'A job freeze is like an economic
cancer. It may serve to hasten the end of
an enterprise which might otherwise be able
to provide more jobs is a healthy economic
climate'."
The President's emergency board proposed
a displacement allowance. That is, a worker
transferred to a lower paid job would receive
for 5 years the difference between the new
wage and his former average as a telegrapher.
It also called for a furlough allowance-
minus any other earnings received. This
would continue for 3 years for an employee
having 5 to 10 years' service. A 15-year man
would get allowances for 5 years. Sever-
ance pay in a lump sum also was recom-
mended-and the railroad said it was ready
to put the plan into effect if the union
dropped its demand for a job freeze.
But the union says that the Northwestern
has brought about "an excessive elimination
of jobs." It contends there has been no
collective bargaining for eliminating a post
or as to benefits.
President Kennedy made several appeals
for a peaceful solution. The Department of
Labor tried to bring about mediation ef-
forts. All legal procedures of the Railway
Labor Act have been exhausted.
In the current issue of the U.S. News &
World Report it is said that "the administra-
tion's final weapon-in the event of a pro-
longed strike-could be an appeal to Con-
gress for special legislation to bar railroad
strikes and require arbitration of the is-
sues-binding settlement by outsiders."
[From the Pierre (S. Dak.) State News,
Sept. 12, 1962]
UNNECESSARY RAIL STRIKE
It seems as though the railroad operating
unions are trying to turn back the clock.
Evidence of this is the costly strike against
the Chicago & North Western Railway-a
strike that affects Highmore and every other
town serviced by the company.
In striking against the method of laying
off excess employes they are saying, in effect,
that the operating conditions of 30 to 40
or even 50 years ago must be considered the
operating conditions of today-despite the
enormous technological advancements made
in railroading in the modern era.
They seem to be saying, in effect, that all
railroad jobs must be maintained even when
the need for them has passed and the cost
imposed by obsolete work rules has been a
major element in bringing much of this vital
industry to near-insolvency. And they are
saying, in effect, that the recommendations
made by a distinguished presidential com-
mission which studied the problem for more
than a year should be disregarded. The
commission proposed not only a moderniza-
tion of the work rules, but generous benefits
of many kinds for displaced and transferred
workers. Apparently, the industry ac-
cepted the plan-and the unions will have
nothing to do with it.
These seem the only conclusions that can
be drawn from current union actions. The
strike against the Chicago & North Western
Railway Co. is doing immeasurable damage
to the economy, to the public interest and
to labor itself. For we believe that labor,'
from Jimmy Hoffa on down, is now weaving
the rope that will hang it.
Meanwhile, some things can be said with
certainty. One is that no group, whether
it be railroad, teamster, newspaper, etc., no
matter how powerful, can blatantly ignore
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the national Interest and get away with it
indefinitely. Another is that a depressed
industry cannot long be a source of highly
paid, necessary jobs, much less thore that
progress has made useless. A third is that
railroads must continue to serve this coun-
try. And fourth, if worse comes to worst,
the Government would be forced to take
them over. No one in his right mind would
want that.-Eighmore llerald.
[From the Sheboygan (Wis.) Press, Friday,
Sept. 7, 1962 i
EARLY ACTION NEEDED
Approximately 1,000 members of the Order
of Railroad Telegraphers went on strike last
week. This idled 15,500 other railroad em-
ployees and shut down operations on more
than 10,000 miles of track in the nine States
in which the railroad operates.
If the railroad and its employees were the
only ones affected, this could be classified as
,Just another unsettled dispute between the
railroad and its union employees. Unfor-
tunately that is not the case. This strike is
so far reaching that it endangers the welfare
and economic livelihood of countless in-
nocent people who have no voice in this
dispute.
It would be impossible to estimate the
economic loss that will be caused by this
strike, It is sure to run into hundreds of
millions of dollars, and the loss will certainly
snowball if the strike is prolonged. Both
management and the union have indicated
that a quick settlement appears impossible
at this time.
Sheboygan is especially hard hit because
the only rail service passing through the city
is the Chicago & North Western line. Press
news stories have told the plight of many
local industries which will have to shut down
unless this rail service is resumed. Similarly,
wire stories have told how the strike is be-
ginning to throttle the economy of the nine
Midwest and Great Plains States normally
served by the railroad.
The gravest danger of the present situa-
tion is that the strike could put some of the
industries out of business permanently.
When plants shut down, their customers turn
to other sources for the products needed, and
they might never come back to the industries
that formerly served them.
The tremendous economic effect of a strike
can well be illustrated by that of the Mil-
waukee breweries' union in 1953, Breweries
in other cities not affected by the strike
prospered when beer consumers quenched
their thrist with their products during the
2-month period that the strike was on. The
Milwaukee breweries have not fully recovered
from that strike to this very day because of
the permanent loss of many of their former
customers.
Besides the frightening economic loss and
the inconvenience caused everybody, affected,
the strike has even created a safety hazard
in the areas of the large cities in the Middle
West. Thousands of suburban commuters
who normally were served by the railroad are
driving their cars to work, resulting in the
jamming of all highways entering metro-
politan areas in the Midwest.
All of which proves that the publicinter-
est has been vitally affected by this strike.
If there is no legal way to stop it, certainly
some new legislation should be adopted by
Congress so that nothing like this could hap-
pen again to railroads or any other type of
transportation affecting the general public.
Obviously better machinery is needed for
handling such disputes. Perhaps a special
transportation court could be created to
settle the issues at stake while the common
carriers continue to operate. Certainly some
solution must be found for this sort of prob-
lem.
Furthermore, we do not believe that the
most ardent labor leader could conscien-
tiously endorse an arrangement that would.
concentrate such unconscionable power in
the hands of so few. The very idea runs
counter to the democratic principles on
which our constitutional Government is
founded.
The right to strike is basic in our economic
structure which we like to refer to as the
capitalistic system of private initiative and
enterprise. In the ordinary strike, union
and management pit their existence against
each other until one or the other gives in;
but when the welfare and very existence of
many other businesses and thousands of
employees are threatened by the strike, and
when the welfare and safety of entire com-
munities and States are endangered, a mere
handful of men have exercised a power that
it was never intended that they should have.
They have, by their action created. a state-
wide, if not national emergency and it seems
to us it is time for the appropriate authority
to exercise its present powers and bring this
serious threat to our economy, to- our safety
and to our very lives to a halt.
-1 QAtz;1-
NEEDED: A POLICY OF FIRMNESS
AND ACTION TOWARD CUBA
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, I rise
in full support of Senate Joint Resolu-
tion 230 which was unanimously adopted.
Wednesday by the Senate Armed Serv-
ices and Foreign Relations Committees,,
The joint resolution unmistakably warns
the Soviet Union and its Communist al-
lies of the Castro regime that the pres-
ent do-nothing policy of the United
States toward Cuba is at an end. The
two committees are to be commended
for presenting the resolution in a form
which requires the President's signature,
to make it the iaw of the land. Both
Congress and the American people are
.ar ahead of the President in their will-
ingness and earnest desire for prompt,
affirmative, and resolute action to meet
the Communist military threat in Cuba.
He too will be compelled to take notice
,of the great concern of Congress as he
signs the joint resolution.
It is my purpose today to discuss the
great need for Senate approval of the
joint resolution and to recommend a
course of action to implement it.
The time has clearly arrived for the
Government of the United States to con..
front Cuba and its Communist allies with
a policy of firmness and action rather
,than the present policy of vacillation and
tardy reaction. The American people
and the peoples of the free world are en?-
Ititled to a long overdue demonstration
of decisive leadership from the Presi-
dent. It will be fatal to continue the
present policy of drift,. timidity, improvi-
sation and indecision.
TWENTY MONTHS OF FAILURE
The American people were treated to
a series of impassioned statements dur-?
ing the 1960 presidential campaign con-
cerning the menace of communism just
90 miles from our shores. We were told
that if the then Senator Kennedy were
elected President, this threat would be
ended. But what has been the record?
President _ Kennedy inherited a de-
tailed plan which was formulated and
developed by the preceding Eisenhower
September 2O
administration calling for training and
full. support of Cuba's freedom fighters
in their effort to liberate Cuba from its
Communist masters. The freedom fight-
ers were promised air and sea cover. But
the administration panicked and refused
to give the promised air support. Presi-
dent Kennedy announced that it would
not be given just as the invasion began.
This shocking statement was reiterated
twice by the President himself and four
times with even more emphasis by Sec-
retary of State Dean Rusk. This an-
nouncernent virtually ruled out the possi-
bility of any general. uprising in Cuba.
Thus the Cuban freedom fighters were
abandoned on the shores of the Bay of
Pig's and left to be slaughtered because
our Government panicked and refused to
honor its promises. This was one of the
most disgraceful episodes in U.S. history.
As a result, our prestige and standing in
Latin American countries particularly,
and throughout the world generally,
reached its lowest point ever. Even the
liberal New York Times columnist,
James Reston, so friendly to the Ken-
nedy administration, was moved to state
of the President at the time:
The confidence in his prudence, his poise,
his sense of direction and proportion-so joy-
fully observed after so long in the allied
world!--have dropped steeply if they have not
been destroyed.
In short, he is the author not only of a de-
feat but, of a clumsy defeat, which he has
followed with lectures to the press and to the
public, as if they were responsible.
We Republicans refused to make this
a political issue, hoping and believing
that President Kennedy would profit by
this debacle. Unfortunately, the lessons
apparently have not been learned.
RUSSIAN TAKEOVER OF CUBA
'rhe almost total poverty of U.S. policy
toward Cuba has been highlighted dur-
ing the past few days as the Russians
co:atinu.e their military buildup and
complete takeover of Cuba. Military and
other. supplies have been sent in vessels
owned by our NATO allies and shipped
in airplanes coming through Canada.
Havana is ringed by military hardware
manned by Russians and Cubans. Doz-
ens of Soviet Mig fighters have been
shipped in, and the number may reach
201. Military equipment, along with
thousands of so-called technicians, are
pouring into the island. A Cuban para-
chute corps will be sent to Russia to
complete training. Russian-manned
radar checks all aircraft flights, while it
is believed that former estates near Ha-
vana, will be used for rocket launching
sites. :In short, the Soviet takeover of
Cuba is complete. While all this has
been. going on, the administration has sat
Idly by doing nothing, waiting for the
dust to settle, hoping somehow to muddle
through.
ADMixisTaATION's CUBA POLICY ONE OF INDE-
CISION, IMPROVISA110N, AND VACILLATION
In the face of this dangerous threat,
we are told by the Kennedy administra-
tion that we must wait until the Soviet
m'aitary buildup in Cuba becomes an
imminent menace, and then we shall act,
and only then. In short, our Govern-
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OUBA-Contlnued
Artbeles and editorials
Cuba Incident and the Rule of Law, 8710.
Cuba Moves Into U.S. Politics, A4371.
Cubans Airlines in U.S., A5154.
Cuban Outrage, A8459.
Cuba Now, America Next, A4134.
Cuban Refugees, A6751.
Cuban Sellout, A334ft.
Cuba--88S.R. (series), 5935.
Cuba Through British Eyes, A3849.
Cure for Castroism Still Elusive, A2967.
Deal for Cuban Prisoners, A3876.
Depth of Communist Penetration, A3846.
Doctor Tells Why He Fled, 15220.
Drive to Ransom Captives Needs Help, 9042.
Duty Abroad to.Our Ideals, A511.
Envoy Got Squelched, A0446.
Era of Appeasement, A3377. -
False Road to Development, A5749.
Festering Finger of Fidel, A3641.
Fidel and the Catholics, A7241.
Fideilsmo Without Fidel, A2743.
Fidel Scores a Win, A3348.
Firsthand Report on Cuba,-A2748. - --
Florida Importers Push Cuban Trade,
A5559.
Freedom's Light Shines Through Fog of
Defeat, 7130. -
Fu'ibright Fixation, A6466.
Gibe at Cuba Removed From Proclama-
tion (sundry), A6428, A6427.
Great Castro Robbery, A331.
Guevara's Victory, 16438.
Havana Deports 135 Priests and Accused
Bishop to Spain, A7430.
Havana, the Place to Save Berlin, A5777.
Haven for Soviet Submarines, A7658.
Helping the Enemy, A3843.
Herbert Matthews' Writings on Cuba, 8315.
Hijacked Airplane, A5841, A6392.
Hijacking of Airliner, A4378, A4382.
Hotheaded Congress Members Again Make
Castro Look Good, A6517.
How Cambridge Flunked First Test, A2984.
How Castro Knifes Us, His Dupes, A2984.
How Long Can We Tolerate This? A6776.
How Much More of Castro? A5892.
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD IND19X
CUBA-Continued
Articles and editorials
Our Latin Policy, A4751.
Pawley's Testimony, 2461.
Pilots of Mlgs, 10827`.
PiracX by Air Must Naas, A5889.
Plane's Worth 43.5 Million' to
Plying or Lying, A8076.
Policy on Cuba, A2932.
Post Mortem, 7111.
Price of Cuban Debacle, A5695. ?
Protecting Presidential Prestige, A4126.
Public Should Protest Activities of Groups'
Urging Appeasement, A3655.
Reaction of Latin American Newspapers
(sundry), 9170-9174.
Recalling Spengler's Forecast. A2766.
Record Set Straight, A7458, A7689.
Red-Bloc Aid to Havana, 7535.
Refugees, A719.
Refugees From Castro, 17472.-
Return of Hijacked DC-8, A8511.
Revolution for Export, A612.
Russia, China Using Cuba To Subvert Latin
America, 12842. -
Russian Jeeps for Castro, A6471.
Russians Run the Show for Castro in
Mexico, A1893.
Scores United States on Guantanamo,
A6747.
Search for Guilty in Cuban Affair, A2963.
Second "100 Days," A3789.
Senate Investigation of Cuban Fiasco,
A2905.
Slamming Doors, 276. -
Soviet Goal-Control of World, A45.
Soviet Warplanes, 12529.
State Department Blunder, 8028.
State Department Policy and Arthur
Schlesinger, A2524, A2525.
Stop Trade With Castro, 3053.
Take Positive Action, A7090.
Telling the Truth About Castro, A1276.
Ten Reasons Why Communism It Winning,
A2788.
Test of Steadiness, A2861.
They Call It Education, 706.
The
Fled C
b
17473
y
u
a,
.
How the CIA Tall Wagged the U.S. Dog,
A8321. Time To Listen to Smathers, A5435.
How the Cuban Invasion Failed, 21806, ractor,, for Prisoners (sundry), 8779, 9187,
A7030. 11932,~A3779, A3801, A3802, A3808, A3819,
HowTo Put Squeeze on Castro, A8111. A3840, A3844, A3845, A3853, A3866, A3880,
Hungry Cuba, A6887. A3890, A3915, A3919, A3924, A3927, A3977,
Imports Communism, A1304, A1438. A3980, A3993, A4020, A4036, A4058, A4099,
orts Invasion (sundry), lp Co ComHemu A4102, A4124, A4128, A4136, A4137, A4218,
Errors d ),, is Washington, l 4, 6279A4231, A4231, A4255, A4260, A4322, A4325, A4353,
Invasion Diary Fiasco, oA4377, A4383, A4386, A4387, A4431, A4461,
Invasion iaryo( (series), ) 17905. A4482, A4528, A4577, A4787, A4789, A5234,
A5235 and Why It Failed (series by Trading, A With Hanson W. Baldwin), A6048, A6049. Tragic Mistake, 103 , 10333, A3713.
Is Monroe Doctrine Dead? A3456.
It Is Our Problem, A3350. U.S. Aid, A4089, , Cattle 0
, to o Castro, It Is Still Blackmail, 9193. USFirms s and C the attl Tractor Deal, .
It's Unbelievable, 9253. . Press A6502.
's U's Prestige Shaken, A3154. United States Puts Cuba in Red Bloc, 7581.
It
JYX.
Keating Anti-Castro Program, 3451. U.S. Trade Still Goes On With Castro,
Kennedy Denies Playing a Role in Guevara
U?S Treatment, Tre.
TA8834. eatment, 7316.
KelY Talk, k As First Defeat, 6578. Views of James A. Farley, A4255.
Latin American Newspaper Comments War Called Peace, A3045.
(axeerpta), 8805? We Must Act, A6954.
Latina Press U A. for Cuba Accord, 15941. We Must Help Cuba Get Rid of Castro,
Let's Pick Friends, A3325.
Let's 80p Up the Broadcasts, A1432, - - We e Must Intervene, A3549-
tet's Woo Castro, A3093. We Must Stop This Slide, A3398-
Liraly Issue of Castro's Justifications, What a Difference 90 Days Make, A2930.
A35W A3562. Goes on Here? A3783.
Make the Break Complete, A2823. Who's To Blame - for Castro's Rise? A4818.
7[atter of Realism, A3087. Witch Hunting Out of Season, A905.
Matthews Says Reform Not Communism, Word From Cuba, 8716.
Molasses Deal, 12020.
Moral Duty, 9188.
SO Poach, but Neat Footwork, A2807.
Not Our Fight? We Can Lose it. A2809: ?
Olfat of 41 Million for Capture of Castro
211
CUBA-Continued
Bills and resolutions -
Government-in-exile: expressing sense of
Congress relative to recognition of (see
H. Con. Rea. 345).
Imported articles: prohibit shipment In
lpterstate commerce, from (see bills HR.
8465', 8503, 8548, 8644, 8645, 8689, 8791,
8794, 8801, 8827, 8828, 8848, 8866. 8896, -
8903, 8917, 8986).
Imports: express sense of Congress rela-
tive to, from (see H. Con. Res. 215).
Inter-American affairs : reevaluate role in,
of (see if. Con. Res. 228' -229, 301).
Inter-American Defense Board: exclude
from membership of, representatives
from Government of (see S. Con. Res.
18; H. Con. Res. 203).
Prisoners for tractor exchange: express
sense of Congress relative to (see H. Con-
Res. 322, 326, 329, 332, 333, 340, 341).
express sense of Congress relative
to tax treatment of gifts for (see S. Res.
152; H. Res. 326).
urge exploration by U.N. or OAS
(see H. Res. 314, 315).
Refugees- adjust status of certain (see bill
S. 2637).
Sanctions: impose, under Treaty of Re-
ciprocal Assistance (see H. Con. Res.
228'-229).
Initiate. against Government of
(see H. Con. Res. 216, 218).
Sugar: prohibit imports of, from, under
certain market conditions (see bill H.R.
761).
University of Free Cuba: establish (aft
H. Con. Res. 120, 2090).
Letters
Boycotts and Communists, by Frank Keat-
ing, A3727.
Commending President Kennedy, by Cuban
refugees, A2839.
Communist menace, by John A. Hammond,
A5143.
Consistent global anti-Communist policy
needed, by Clare Boothe Luce, A4433.
Cuban situation, by James Neal Blue,
10346.
Nick Stratas, A3174.
Guantanamo Naval Base, 303.
Highjacked airplane, by N. E.
A5857.
Hijacking of American plane, by Senator
Young, 13854.
Invasion: Senator Gore, 11394.
M.I.T. and Harvard professors, 8276.
--Secretary McNamara, 11395.
Naval blockade, by Representative Strat-
ton, 7020.
New rebels, by Nicolas Rlvero, A1878.
Nonintervention, by Representative Za-
blocki and Milwaukee ad hoc committee,
6915.
Prohibiting trade, by Representative
Cramer, 19718.
Protesting tractors-for-prisoners deal
(sundry), A3728.
Protesting U.N. Special Fund's approval
of agricultural research project, by Rep-
resentative Monagan,9379.
Reply to charges of Fair Play for Cuba
Committee,, by Andrew J. Valucek, A2996.
Revolutions, by R. Kent Fielding, A4122.
Soviet satellite, by Joseph F. Thorntng,
7818.
Study of trade policies, by Department of
State, 12681.
Tomato exports, by Myer Feldman, 9685.
Tractors-for-prisoners proposal, by Attor-
ney General Robert F. Kennedy, 11220.
Judith A. Cliff, A5073.
Charles M. Cook, A8178.
Representative Michel, 11220.
O. Z. Pearson, A2784.
D. W. Thorin, 10824.
--Wisconsin citizens, A4294, A4295,
Proposed as Answer to Rarlsomtng Prix- American property: amend code relative
to tax treatment of confiscated, In (see
or Rele~y~/~ 1 im
1E'akme'~ T t 4 0034
f. ~eee
7 load, 8538. 8 lies. 318). -
Bills and resolutions
Air and naval blockade: establish (see H.
Con. Res. 298).
American airplanes: recovery of, illegally
na 41 by PbiUp M. Simi,-
nick, ofi-.