INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION COLLECTION PROGRAMS AND THE COORDINATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR COLLECTION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP61S00750A000600020003-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 14, 2013
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: January 26, 1955
• Content Type: REQ

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26 January 1955
Intelligence Information Collection Programs and the
Coordination of Requirements for Collection
Part I
The Collection Programs
1. The Foreign Service of the United States:
Instructions to the Foreign Service for collection are in the
last analysis the responsibility of the Assistant Secretary of
the respective bureaus in the Department of State. Except
for agricultural reporting which is now administered by law
directly by the Department of Agriculture,* the Department
of State must provide reporting of interest to the U.S.
Government with its many non-intelligence interests as well
as to the IAC Community. It must also be recalled that the
Foreign Service has other major responsibilities, namely,
representation to foreign governments and protection of
U.S. interests abroad. The desk officers in each political
bureau depend to a considerable extent upon the intelligence
organization of the Department of State for the preparation
and coordination of requirements for intelligence reporting.
Increased attention to the collection of information
abroad for intelligence purposes is reflected in chapter (900)
of the Foreign Service Manual which deals with this subject.
* There are current negotiations between the Departments
of State and Agriculture which have resulted in a temporary
agreement for the continuance of agricultural reporting on
the Soviet Bloc by State. These talks are continuing with
regard to State's assistance to Agriculture for agricultural
reporting on the Free World (many areas not covered by AAs
can be covered in part by State).
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In the political field the intelligence area of State has invited
CIA/OCI to participate in the preparation of instructions for?
political reporting. In the economic field, the "R" Area of
the Department of State cooperates with the Division of Foreign
Reporting in State to insure that insofar as possible resources
of the Foreign Service are not requested to collect information
available in Washington and that requirements relevant to
national security are given appropriate precedence over those
for less vital functions of the Government, State "R?' has
invited the Economic Intelligence Committee (EIC) to assist
in the preparation of instructions and guides for economic
reporting. Specifically, the Requirements Subcommittee of
the EIC coordinates the intelligence contribution for each
Comprehensive Economic Reporting Program (CERP) in-
struction and assists in the preparation of guides for
economic reporting at each of the five posts behind the curtain.
Guidance is also provided by ORR aimed at maximum effective
use of the specific capabilities and reporting opportunities of
Foreign Service reporting officers at bloc posts.
It should also be borne in mind that the "R" Area
itself is an important originator of requirements for reporting
by the Foreign Service in the area ot intelligence assigned to
State, The establishment of a national intelligence estimating
program and the demands on the "R" Area of State for con-
tributions thereto represent important influences in guiding
the "R" Area to requisition information on significant gaps
There are comparable effects upon reporting by virtue of the
"R" Area's participation in the Watch process, as well as in
the NIS production.
2. Peripheral Reporting Program: This program
was established as a special collection effort within the
Foreign Service. Its purpose is to obtain information on the
Soviet Bloc countries by the assignment of competent officers
to certain posts contiguous to the Soviet Bloc where the
potential data on that area is substantial. This was necessary
as a means of supplementing the reporting from missions
behind the Iron Curtain area where many local restrictions
are imposed on U.S. staffs. At present, peripheral reporting
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units are located in Frankfurt, Vienna, Paris, Tel Aviv
and Istanbul. In Frankfurt the peripheral reporting unit
prepares consolidations of debriefings in the political,
cultural, sociological and economic fields based on
information collected on the USSR.
The peripheral reporting officers make use of
a variety of sources including defectors, escapees, refugees,
travelers and officials of other governments located in the
same areas as the peripheral units. The original emphasis
was upon collection from arrivals from behind the Iron
Curtain. Peripheral officers are now encouraged to develop
other sources among the indigenous travelers to and from
the Soviet Bloc and staffs of other governments located in
the same countries as the peripheral reporting unit. While
the peripheral units are encouraged to develop sources as
indicated above, the main sources at present are as follows:
Frankfurt (defectors)
Vienna (refugees)
Paris (emigres and groups of emigres)
Tel Aviv (refugees and recent emigres
? from Iron Curtain countries)
Istanbul (emigres and a few arrivals from
Bulgaria)
Since most peripheral reporting officers have had limited
economic training and experience, the Requirements Subcommittee
of the EIC prepared an Outline of Peripheral Economic Require-
ments on the USSR and Satellites to support this program. This
outline has received wide distribution as a guide to interrogators
and other collection personnel.
3. Foreign Map Procurement: The requirements of
all the mapping agencies of the U.S. Government for foreign
maps are coordinated by the Interagency Map Procurement
Coordinating Committee (MPC) on which sit the representatives
of the mapping agencies. The MPC s chaired by the Chief of
the who also serves as the
Special Assistant to the Director, Office of Libraries and
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Intelligence Acquisition, Department of State (also designated
informally, "Special Assistant for Maps"). Under the direction
of the Special Assistant for Maps, foreign maps are procured
through the Department of State and the Foreign Service. Four
map procurement officers are stationed in the field and part-
time map procurement activity is assigned to other foreign
service officers stationed in other areas. Salaries and adminis
trative support of these field officers are the responsibility of
State and during recent bud et reductions two map procurement
officers were dropped 50X1
The above program for the collection of foreign maps
has been in existence seven years. Procurement has been
routinized by the establishment of informal exchange agree-
ments (140) with official and unofficial agencies in certain
countries under which new map production is received in Wash-
ington through the Foreign Service posts.
Frequently, an approaching assignment for production
of an NIS Chapter IX (Map and Chart Appraisal) on a given
area has provided a stimulus for procurement of foreign maps
on that area in time for use in Washington in producing the
Chapter. In other cases foreign map requirements are in
direct response to individual agency research projects or to
recognize gaps in foreign map coverage.
The coordinated interagency map procurement pro-
gram does not conflict with the map exchange agreements
between the mapping components of Defense and the opposite
agencies in foreign countries. Some of these agreements
pertain to joint mapping programs with other NATO countries.
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Agreements between the Army Map Service and the NATO
countries' mapping agencies provide the bulk of topographical
maps on NATO countries (and their colonies),
4, Foreign Publications Procurement is coordinated
by the DCI in pursuance of the responsibility placed upon him
in NSCID-16. The Procurement Subcommittee of the Advisory
Committee on Foreign Language Publications seeks to identify
those areas in which needed publications may be obtained through
the cooperative action of agencies who have collecting capabilities
as well as to be alert to new means of procurement. Overt
publications procurement in the field is divided among military
attaches, collection arms of military commands overseas, and
personnel of the Foreign Service. The attaches and overseas
commands concentrate on publications required by their parent
organizations, while Foreign Service personnel fill the require-
ments of the Department of State, CIA and about 20 other
Government agencies including the Library of Congress and
the Department of Agriculture. For this purpose the Foreign
Service maintains at the present time six Publications Procure-
ment Officers (in Moscow, Paris, Berlin, New Delhi, Tokyo
(1/2 time of one officer) and Hong Kong) and assigns the function
on a part time basis to an officer in other important posts. The
degree of coordination and cooperation among service attaches
and Foreign Service officers varies greatly from post to post,
The Foreign Branch 50X1
of the Division of Acquisition and Distribution 50X1
of the Department of State, In the two years since its estab-
lishment the Foreign Branch has attempted to improve procure-
ment by formulating more detailed guidance for publications
procurement officers, and by providing them with evaluations
on their efforts, It has also worked closely with those personnel
in the defense departments engaged in preparing collection re-
quirements for the service attaches, 50X1
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As a result of the USIA Survey, the NSCID-16
subcommittee on Procurement will explore with USIA the extent
to which library centers abroad can assist in procurement.
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5. Military Attaches: The attaches of the military
services are guided by the "Essential Elements of Information"
(EEI) published in one form or another under the direction
of their chiefs of intelligence. The EEI have been developed
painstakingly and represent the comprehensive cieeds of the
individual services. Within this general framework specific
or ad hoc requirements are levied upon the attaches as
current needs arise or, as required to meet the needs of
each service and the JIG in its service to the JCS, in support
of military contributions to the national intelligence estimat-
ing program and in response to both the original and main-
tenance production of NIS sections assigned to the military.
* * *
6. General Comment With Regard to Sections 1 to 5
above: The foregoing is in accordance with the-allocation of
responsibility for overt collection abroad as outlined in NSCID-2.
Each agency is free to collect economic and scientific and
technical intelligence information in accordance with its
needs. Under NSCID-2 injunction, information, by whomever
collected, shall immediately be transmitted to the agency
most concerned as well as made available to all other inter-
ested agencies. The collection facilities are to be utilized
so as to avoid unproductive duplication and uncoordinated
overlap "within budgetary limitations which is the major
need of all departments and agencies for the accomplish-
ment of their respective missions". In the field, the senior
representative in each foreign area is responsible for
the coordination of "all normal collection activities in his
area". The manner in which this is done will vary from post
to post, both in respect to the personalities involved and the
size and importance of the mission. In March 1954 the
Department of State sent a special instruction to all Chiefs
of Mission reiterating the coordinating role of mission chiefs
under NSCID-2 and urging maximum use of all available
personnel including military attaches. At the same time,
the Army, Navy and Air Force dispatched similar messages
to all attaches, urging maximum cooperation with mission
chiefs in developing coordinated collection programs. The
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distinction between the responsibility of the Chief of
Mission to coordinate overt collection abroad and the res-
ponsibility of each agency under NSCID-2 to collect
overtly abroad should be noted.
* * *
7. Regular Collection Offices: Each intelligence
agency maintains an office to coordinate requirements from
its research and operating offices to assist its research
offices in determining the availability of the information in
Washington (either in its own agency or other agencies),
to levy requirements on collectors (either its own collection
arm or those of other agencies) and disseminate the infor-
mation collected against requirements,
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To assure that this service is of maximum value to
consumers, conferences are being scheduled at the working
level in all of the member agencies. In addition, four
specific interagency arrangements are either completed or
well on the way to completion:
c. Arrangements have been completed
with the Director of Intelligence of the Air
Force and with the Air Research and Develop-
ment Command to facilitate the exploitation
of civilian employees at the various ARDC
centers for intelligence information not
otherwise available to the member agencies.
d. Tentative arrangements have been
concluded with G-2 for a similar program to
be established in the near future with the
seven Army Technical Services.
A special effort has been made to produce more effec-
tive and coordinated intelligence collection through the critical
analysis of all requirements which have been received by
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from the producing elements of CIA and the other IAC
agencies, and to codif y in readily usable form all basic
requirements currently outstanding.
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14. Captured Enemy Documents: Plans have
been established for coordination in the exploitation of
captured enemy documents in wartime under a joint
military agency known as the Armed Services Document
Intelligence Center. Civilian agencies requirements will
be sat sfied in this program by virtue of a CIA repres-
entative serving as an Assistant Director in the Center,
who coordinates the requirements of CIA, State and AEC.
15. The National Security Agency is guided in its
collection activities through a USCIB subcommittee (Intelli-
gence Committee) whose function includes requirements
coordination. This subcommittee, composed of the intelli-
gence agencies representatives, operates under a rather
highly sophisticated system of identifying priorities.
16. In the Field of Indications responsibility to
improve the coordination of collection is set forth in
DCID-1/2. The Watch Committee is supposed to "develop
and operate on a current and continuing basis the Watch
Committee Intelligence Plan for systematizing, energizing
and coordinating through the appropriate channels the
world-wide collection by U.S. agencies of information and
intelligence pertinent to the Watch Committee mission."
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18. External Research: Members of the intelli-
gence community, as well as several other Government
agencies, sponsor external research projects on foreign
areas, thus providing an additional source of foreign
intelligence. This research is performed by Government
agencies and private institutions, each of them using
whatever sources are available to them. Government
agencies, contracting for private research on foreign
areas, frequently supply such contractors with intelligence
information which is, of course, supplemented by the
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contractor's own resources. Government agencies con-
ducting research on behalf of other Government agencies are
exploited by informal interagency contact and by such
regular offices as CIA/OCD.
External research on foreign areas, although
performed in response to departmental needs, is subject
to certain coordination efforts by the intelligence community.
These efforts are:
a. Annual inventories and quarterly
supplements of Government-sponsored foreign
area and psychological external research pro-
jects, published by the External Research Stag
Department of State (ERS);
b. Comprehensive lists of non-government
sponsored social science research in progress
on foreign areas published by ERS;
c. DCID 15/1, "Production and
Coordination of Foreign Economic Intelligence,"
14 September 1954, paragraph 3b (2), which
provides for coordination by the EIC of external
economic research projects involving more than
$5, 000.
d. Annual reports and quarterly
supplements on the status of scientific and
technical intelligence production projects
conducted or sponsored by the member agencies
of the Scientific Estimates Committee (SEC),
published by the SEC.
e. An Advisory Panel on Research in
Special Operations consisting a non-government
specialists as members, appointed by the
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research
and Development, on which the Departments
of Defense and State, USIA, CIA, FOA, and
OCB are represented by associate members;
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f. On 11 December, 1954, the DCI
proposed to USIA, State, Defense, OCB
and FOA that agencies with intelligence
needs in the propaganda and psychological
warfare and foreign information fields
cooperate in the development of a govern-
ment-wide program of external research
in support of such activities. Each agency
would retain complete responsibility for
its departmental external research pro-
gram but would benefit by coordination of
its program with other agencies having
related missions.
20. Interrogations of returning POWs, refugees
and defectors have been the subject of various activities
by the IAC agencies--(a)
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The Armed Services have established a center
(Armed Services Prisoner Interrogation Center) to
coordinate the exploitation of POWs.
interests are represented by an Assistant Director
at the Center. Although its mission is interrogation of
captured prisoners, it participated in the interrogation of
American POWs who had been held and then released by
the Chinese.
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23, Fhotographic Intelligence Collection and
Requirements: Intelligence photography is collected from
the air, on the ground, or as records from radarscope
presentations. The U.S. Air Force and U.S Navy operating
squadrons and attaches collect approximately 75% and 15%
respectively with the rest attributable to U.S. Army, CIA,
and other miscellaneous sources. Most of the aerial photog-
raphy collected by the Army for the Army Map Service is
purchased from commercial organizations.
Aerial and ground photographs are required by the
intelligence analysts and mapping agencies throughout the
IAC to corroborate other intelligence data and fill existing
gaps in intelligence. They are essential to the production
and maintenance of accurate large-scale topographic maps
and the preparation of strategic and tactical target programs
(Air Force) now in progress, CIA intelligence analysts re-
quire photographic intelligence in support of intelligence
objectives, which may be geographic, economic, scientific
or military in nature
While procedures exist in each agency for the
coordination of its photographic requirements, there has
been established, on the invitation of AFOIN in 1948, an
Interagency Graphics Research Coordinating Group.
Originally, the group was composed of three services;
it was joined by CIA in 1951. This Group, meeting monthly,
exchanges information regarding photo requirements,
location of desired photography, overseas commercial
mapping activities and related matters. Highly classified
and highest priority aerial photographic requirements are
reviewed and coordinated by JCS Plans and Policy with
final concurrence of State, Military and CIA.
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24. New Collection Techniques; The investigation
of new techniques and methods for the collection of intelli-
gence, based upon recent developments in science and
technology, is underway on a cooperative basis in several
agencies. These techniques, which are primarily appli-
cable to the collection of scientific and technical informa-
tion, include; use of advanced radar and electronic
developments;
Investigation indicates the
possibilility of solving several difficult collection problems
by these and other new scientific developments.
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