BUDGET ANALYSIS ON OVERT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP61-00549R000200050027-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 28, 2000
• Sequence Number: 27
• Publication Date: November 1, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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TAB to Table:
Cost of Overt Intelligence Collection
1 November 1954
BUDGET ANALYSIS ON
OVERT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION
1. Interagency arrangements, supplem.ental to the NSC
Intelligence Directives9 which will be used to produce an effective
and coordinated overtintelliaence collection--Program in 1956:
a. Publications
NSCID 16 established an
Advisory Committee on Foreign Language Publications. Its subcom-
mittees on Procurement, Exploitation, and Reference are engaged in
systematically developing coordinated approaches among the IAC
agencies to the major problems in the handling of foreign language
materials. Increased emphasis on Washington support for the full-
time and part-time Publications Procurement Officers and other
designated officers at major Foreign Service posts has assisted
in providing coordinated advice and instructions covering the needs
of most Washington agencies.
b, ag Procurement. The Map Procurement Program is concerned
with obtaining foreign maps and related materials for the intelligence
community. Requirements for this Procurement Program are coordinated
through the activities of the Inter--Agency Map Coordinating Committee
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on which the various organizations are represented. A second and
very important part of the Geographic Attache program is the re-
porting undertaken by these officers, In accordance with the comma
prohensive reporting guide contained in "General Instructions for
Geographic Attaches," the basic reports include: (a) the monthly
report of activities; (b) reports. of mapping and geographic research
organizations; (c) reports on key personnel of foreign organizations
in the field of mapping and geography, and (d) country reports which
provide up-to-date and complete assessment of the mapping activities
and programs of each country visited.
9,, Economic Intelligence. In 1952 an Economic Intelligence
Comrriittee was established under the IAC to assist in implementing
NSCID 15. Responsibility for reviewing and making recommendations
concerning community-wide coordination of. requirements for collection
in support of economic intelligence research was assigned to an ETC
Subcommittee on Requirements and Facilities for Collation - which
represented the first continuing body in which interagency collection
representatives had come together since dissolution of the CIG Committee
on Collection 1947. Among the principal accomplishments of this sub-
committee are:
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(2) The consolidation of intelligence requirements for
incorporation in the Comprehensive Economic Reporting Program (CERP),
which continuously revises current economic-reporting instructions to
all Foreign Service posts outside the Soviet Bloc.
(3) A prc,:?am of continuing intelligence-community
guidance to all reporting posts behind the Iron Curtain, including
coordinated preparation of individual "Guides to Economic Reporting
Officers" for each major post.
(4) Interagency agreements for more effective utiliza-
tion of a wide variety of incoming materials.
d. Coordination of Field Reports. Through continuous
liaison between the State Department and the various IAC agencies
(either directly or through the EIC) increased community-wide
coordination is encouraged, both in Washington and in the field.
Chapter 900 of the Foreign Service Manual deals with coordination
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in the field, and the Department on March 22, 1954 sent a special
instruction (0A5190) to all Chiefs of Mission reiterating the
coordinating role of mission chiefs under NSCID 2 and urging maximum
use of all available personnel, including service attaches... At the
some time, the Army, Navy and Air Force dispatched similar messages
to all attaches, urging maximum cooperation with mission chiefs in
developing coordinated collection programs.
a. Exchange of Field Reports in Washington. As outlined
in paragraph 7 of NSCID 2, there is now virtually complete exchange
of field reports in Washington. Uniform subjoat coding of CIA,
Army, and Air Force f:eld reports prior to dissemination greatly
simplifies use o- these reports,
f. Overt Collection - Domestic. NSCID 7 provides that
CIA shall be responsible for the exploitation "on a highly selective
basis,!' within the U.S,,, of business concerns, other non-?goverrmental
organizations and individuals as sources of foreign intelligence
information. Guidance in this selection is provided by the continuing
requirements statements of the research elements of CIA and the other
IAC agencies, supplemented by continuous liaison to discuss specific
needs and individual sources.
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To assure that this service is of maximum value to
consumers, conferences are being scheduled at the working level in
all of the member agencies. In addition, four specific interagency
arrangements are either completed or well on the way to completion:
(1) Three specialized ATIG officers have been placed
in domestic. field offices to guide and actaally engage in the collec-
tion of technical information. The assignment of a fourth offi'.cor,
trained in air electronics,.is ocpectod shortly.
(2) A similar arrangement has been worked out through
G-2 for the assignment of two Signal Corps Intelligence officers to
domestic field offices in an effort to increase the quantity and
quality of telecommunications-intelligence collection. One of these
officers is already being processed.
(3) Arrangements have boon completed with the Director
of Intelligence, USAF, and with the Air Research and DGvolopment
Command to facilitate the exploitation of civilian employees at the
various AR.DC centers for intelligence information not otherwise avail-
able to the member agencies.
(4) Tentative arrangements have been concluded with G-2
for a similar program to be established In the near future with the
seven Army Technical Services.
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(5) Naval District Intelligence officers continue to
furnish a substantial contribution to the domestic intelligence
collection efforts through the exploitation of moritine sources.
A fifth specific effort to produce more effective
and coordinated intelligence collection consisted of a program to
analyze critically all requirements which have been received by
from the producing elements of CIA and the other IAJ
agencies, and to codify in readily usable form all basic requirements
currently outstanding. Uniform indexes, each comprising some 10,000 25X1A
requirements cards, have been placed in all
offices and resident agencies and, for the purpose of ready coordination
and the elimination of possible duplication of collection effort, in
various CIA offices, G-2, State, and ATIC.
STATSPEC P? Radio Sonito tiring. Under NSCID 6 a central radio monitor-
ing service M is established, and the monitoring of foreign propa-
ganda and press broadcasts for the collection of intelligence information
STATSPEC , by other federal agencies is specifically precluded. The facilities
hu,ve been v ed in a number of ways in support of both IAC and
non--IAC agencies; for examples
(1) Recordings are made and retained of those broadcasts
likely to be required for legal proceedings, historical archives,
psychological operations, etc.
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(2) There has been an expansion of effort in the
analysis of broadcast propaganda which has been generally valuable
to and done in close coordination with Department of State and other
intelligence producing agencies.
(3) Operational information on foreign broadcasting
statinna is supplied to activities such as the State Department,
NIS program, Notional Bureau of Standards research on ionosphor;e
propagation, and Voice of Amori,ca scheduling of programs and trans-,
mittors, serves as the principa.fedoxal source of this type of
(4) Throo,;h informal arrangements the product
monitoring is made available to interested U.S. Govoririont operations
in the foreign field, e.g., a liberal selection of material is sent
daily to the Munich Radio Center. (VOA) and to HTCOG, Berlin, and in
the Far East, USAFFE and subordinate commands receive a selection of STATSPEC
items monitored
Since monitoring for intelligence use is based on
careful selection rather than directed collection it has been found STATSPEC
that the most effective means of guiding - effort is for the
personnel _ to be indoctritated in the functions of various
elements of the intelligence community. This program is a continuing
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one and results to date are satisfactory. The fact that Most
raw materials are unclassified enormously facilitates day-to-day
operational liaison. M personnel are constantly in touch by
telephone with all area and functional desks of the IAC users of their
product. Some improvement in requirements for propaganda analysis
is expected from offices engaged in psychological activities, when
these offices have completed their organization and build..-p.
h, Every government agency in Washingtr n maintains one or
more liaison officials whose function is to serve as the focal point
for the transaction of intelligence matters, including the receipt
and delivery of intelligence materials, the coordination of require-
ments, and the servicing of collection directives.
2. A.?~, vo aluat3onof the surficiency of the several azencies
re uests in the light of that.nr M;
The several agencies? requests are adequate only to support
minimum essential requirements. Certain personnel shortages continue
to handicap the overt collection effort of the intelligence con. unity.
This deficiency ici applicable particularly to the fields of publica-
tions and map procurement, agricultural reporting and Foreign Service
peripheral reporting.
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There is, for example, urgent need for additional personnel
to procure publications in London, Cairo, Tokyo} Rangoon and
Djokjakarta; to cover geographic information in Stockholm) peripheral
reporting in Athens, Romeo Frankfurt; and to cover local Chinese
communities and sources on Communist China in Southeast Asia.
At current staffing levels) the Foreign Service is unable
to produce an adequate quantity of 'basic information and
analytical reports to meet the needs of' the intelligence community.
Also) because of work pressures on available staff and shortage of
travel funds, reporting on areas outside post cities has suffered.
Travel restrictions in the countries c the Soviet Orbit
continue to be a major obstacle to effective collection by
Although these restrictions have been eased)
officially in some countries, there has been a simultaneous increase
in surveillance and administrative harassment which severely hampers
attache collection activities.
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There has been an over-all reduction in
complementsy although adjustments of personnel to agent staffs
at critical posts have resulted in some net improvement in coverage
at these posts. No substantial improvement in overt military intel-
ligence collection can be expected under the present personnel:
equipment and operations expense limitations,
3. The ar. eas of ar..tiv:a ywaw.~:h ray rea ire alto ,ed rZ rhasis
and/or modified coordination in the near fut ro.
... Economic RerortiBZ. There are still gaps in economic
intelligence which will require greater collection effort. Steps
already have boon taken by the ETC to pinpoint the priority de-
ficiencies. Lists of data required in the electronics and trans-
portation fields have been approved and possible methods of collection
are being considered in interagency discussions in the appropriate
EIC suboomriittee.
b. Better Utilization of all Government 1;1 overseas
Personnel for Reporting Information. Many US officials overseas
who are not primarily reporting officers are# nevertheless, well
informed on certain eographio areas and enjoy close contacts with
segr nts of foreign societies which are often not accessible to
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STATSPEC
regular reporting officers. One of the objectives of intelligence
coordination is to continue to develop systematio methods for
tapping these officials.
The scope and complexity of radio broadcasting with
respect to frequency usage has made it necessary for considerable
attention to be devoted to technical monitoring; this typo of
monitoring mast focus on frequency usage, jar ming signals, eta.
These two types of monitoring are quite different in techniques STATSPEC
and purpose from the content monitoring though closely
related to =technical monitoring operations which are pre-
requisite to content monitoring. In soma oases separate facility
ties have boon established for technical monitoring, operational
monitoring and content monitoring, It seems likely that these
areas of activity may require coordination in the near future.
The first step toward this coordination is being taken in the
compilation of _ list of facilities for monitoring.
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