BUDGET ANALYSIS ON OVERT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP61-00549R000200050003-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 5, 2001
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: November 1, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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TAB to Table:
Cost of overt Intelligence Collection
1 November 1954
BUDGET ANALYSIS ON
OVERT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION
1. Interagehcyarran
pplemental to the NSC
Intelligence Directiyes~_which will be used to oduce an effective
and coordinated overt intelligence collection prorrm in 1956:
a. Publications Procurement NSCID 16 established an
Advisory Committee on Foreign Language Publications. Its subcom-
mittees on Procurement, Exploitation, and Reference are engaged in
systematically developing coordinated approaches among the IAG
agencies to the major problems in the handling of foreign language
materials. Increased emphasis on Washington support for the full-
time and part-time Publications Procurement Officers and other
designated officers at major Foreign Service posts has assisted
in providing coordinated advice and instructions covering the needs
of most Washington agencies.
b. LI2D Procurement. The Map Procurement Program is concerned
with obtaining foreign maps and related materials for the intelligence
community. Requirements for this Procurement Program are coordinated
through the activities of the Inter-Agency Map Coordinating Committee
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on which the various organizations are represented. A second and
very important part of the Geographic Attache program is the re-
porting undertaken by these officers, In accordano with the com-
prehensive reporting guide contained in "General Instructions for
Geographic Attaches," the basic reports include: (a) the monthly
report of activities; (b) reports of mapping and geographic research
organizations; (c) reports on key personnel of foreign organizations
in the field of mapping and geography, and (d) country reports which
provide up-to-date and complete assessment of the mapping activities
and programs of each country visited.
e,, Econonic Intelligence. In 1952 an Economic Intelligence
Committee was established under the IAC to assist in implementing
NSCID 15. Responsibility for reviewing and making recommendations
concerning community.-wide coordination of requirements for collection
in support of economic intelligence research was assigned to an EIC
Subcommittee on Requirements and Facilities for Collation - which
represented the first continuing body in which interagency collection
representatives had come together since dissolution of the CIG Committee
on Collection 1947, Among the principal accomplishments of this sub-
committee are
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(2) The consolidation of intelligence requirements for
incorporation in the Comprehensive Economic Reporting Program (CERP),
which continuously revises current economic-reporting instructions to
all Foreign Service posts outside the Soviet Bloc,
(3) A program of continuing intelligence-community
guidance to all reporting posts behind the Iron Curtain, including
coordinated preparation of individual "Guides to Economic Reporting
Officers" for each major post.
(4) interagency agreements for more effective utiliza-
tion of a wide variety of incoming materials.
d. Coordination of Field Reperti, Through continuous
liaison between the State Department and the various IAC agencies
(either directly or through the EIC) increased con.rmnity-wide
coordination is encouraged, both in Washington and in the field,.
Chapter 900 of the Foreign Service Manual deals with coordination
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in the field., and the Department on March 22, 1954 sent a special
instruction (CA5190) to all Chiefs of Mission reiterating the
coordinating role of mission chiefs under NSCID 2 and urging maximum
use of all available personnel, including service attaches,, At the
some time, the Army., Navy and Aix Force dispatched similar messages
to all attaches, urging maximum cooperation with mission chiefs in
developing coordinated collection programs,
o. Exchange of Field Reports in Washin ton, As outlined
in paragraph 7 of NSCID 2, there is now virtually complete exchange
of field reports in Washington. Uniform sub joot coding of CIA,
Army, and Air Force i-'-eld reports prior to dissemination greatly
simplifies use of these reports,
L. Overt Collection - Domestic. NSCID 7 provides that
CIA shall be responsible for the exploitation "on a highly selective
basis, ft within the U.S., of business concerns,, other non-governmental
organizations and individuals as sources of foreign intelligence
information, Guidance in this selection is provided by the continuing
requirements statements of the research elements of CIA and the other
IAC agencies, supplemented by continuous liaison to discuss specific
needs and individual sources.
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To assure that this service is of maximum value to
consumers, conferences are being scheduled at the working level in
all of the member agencies. In addition, four specific interagency
arrangements are either completed or well on the way to completion:
(1) Three specialized ATIC officers have been placed
in domestic field offices to guide and actually engage in the collec-
tion of technical information. The assignment of a fourth officer,
trained in air electronics, is expected shortly.
(2) A similar arrangement has been worked out through
0-2 for the assignment of two Signal Corps Intelligence officers to
domestic field offices in an effort to increase the quantity and
quality of telecommunications-intelligence collection. One of these
officers is already being processed.
(3) Arrangements have boon completed with the Director
of Intelligence, USAF, and with the Air Research and Development
Command to facilitate the exploitation of civilian employees at the
various ARDC centers for intelligence information not otherwise avail-
able to the member agencies,
(4) Tentative arrangements have been concluded with G-2
for a similar program to be established in the near future with the
seven Army Technical Services.
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(5) Naval District Intelligence Officers continue to
furnish a substantial contribution to the domestic intelligence
collection effor'bi through the exploitation of maritime sources.
A fifth specific effort to produce more effective
and coordinated intelligence collection consisted of a program to
analyze critically all requirements which have been received by
from the producing elements of CIA and the other IA!,'
agencies, and to codify in readily usable form all basic requirements
currently outstanding. Uniform indexes, each comprising some 10,000
requirements cards, have been placed in all field
offices and resident agencies and, for the purpose of ready coordination
and the elimination of possible duplication of collection effort, in
various CIA offices, G-2. State, and ATIC.
g. Radio Monitoring. Under NSCID 6 a central radio monitor-
ing service (FBID) is established, and the monitoring of foreign propa-
ganda and press broadcasts for the collection of intelligence information
by other federal agencies is specifically precluded. The facilities
of FBID have been i ed in a number of ways in support of both IAC and
non->IAC agencies; for examples
(1) Recordings are made and retained of those broadcasts
likely to be required for legal proceedings, historical archives,
psychological operations, etc,
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(2) There has been an expansion of effort in the
analysis of broadcast propaganda which has been generally valuable
to and done in close coordination with Department of State and other
intelligence producing agencies.
(3) Operational information on foreign broadcasting
stations is supplied to activities such as the State Department,
NIS programs, National Bureau of .Standards research on ionospheric
propagation, and Voice of America scheduling of programs and trans-
mitters. FBID serves as the principal federal source of this type of
data.
(4) Through informal arrangements the product of FBID
monitoring is made available to interested U.S. Government operations
in the foreign field, e.g., a liberal selection of material is sent
daily to the Munich Radio Center (VOA) and to HICOG, Berlin, and in
the Far East, USAFFE and subordinate commands receive a selection of
items
Since monitoring for intelligence use is based on
careful selection rather than directed collection it has been found
that the most effective means of guiding the FBID effort is for the
personnel of FBID to be indoctrinated in the functions of various
elements of the intelligence community, This program is a continuing
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one and results to date are satisfactory. The fact that most FBID
raw materials are unclassified enormously facilitates day-to-day
operational liaison. FHTb personnel are constantly In touch by
telephone with all area and functional desks of the TAG users of their
pr(-duct. Some improvement in requirements for propaganda analysis
is expected from offices engaged in psychological activities? when
these offices have completed their organization and build..;;,p,
h. Every government agency in Washington maintains one or
more liaison officials whose function is to serve as the focal point
for the transaction of intelligence mattersp including the receipt
and delivery of intelligence Materials, the coordination of require-
ments,, and the servicing of collection directives
2. An evaluation of thesuffic Lon=_o t everal arreqies!
re 2 in t light of that rpi:am; _p V The several agencies, requests are adequate only to support
minimum essential requirements. Certain personnel shortages continue
to handicap the overt collection effort of the intelligence community.
This deficiency is applicable particularly to the fields of publica-
tions and map procurement, agricultural reporting and Foreign Service
peripheral reporting.
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There is, for example,, urgent need for additional personnel
to procure publications in London, Cair6 Tokyo, Rangoon and
Djokjakarta; to cover geographic information in Stockholm, peripheral
reporting in Athens, Rome, Frankfurt; and to cover local Chinese
communities and sources on Communist China in Southeast Asia.
At current staffing levels, the Foreign Service is unable
to produce an adequate quantity of basic biographic information and
analytical reports to meet the needs of the intelligence community,
Also, because of work pressures on available staff and shortage of
travel funds, reporting on areas outside post cities has suffered.
Travel restrictions in the countries of the Soviet Orbit
continue to be a major obstacle to effective collection by
Military Attaches, Although these restrictions have been eased,
officially in some countries, there has been a simultaneous increase
in surveillance and administrative harassment which severely hampers
attache collection activities.
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There has been an over-wall reduction in Military Attache
complements, although adjustments of personnel to a mont staffs
at critical posts have resulted in some net improvement in coverage
at these posts. No substantial improvement in overt military intel-
ligence collection can be expected under the present personnel.,
equiptient and operations expense limitations,
3. Thcarcas of .a.r t:t ww7.~,h riay rea~~ire alto! ed c_ mo~hsis
and or modified coordination in the near future,
a. Economic Reporting. There are still gaps in economic
Intelligence which will require greater collection effort. Steps
already have been taken by the ETC to pinpoint the priority de-
ficiencies. Lists of data required in the electronics and trans-
portation fields have been approved and possible methods of collection
are being considered in interagency discussions in the appropriate
EIC subcommittee.
h, Better Utilization of
Gover l Oversgcs
Personnel for Reportincz, Information. Many US officials overseas
who are not primarily reporting officers are, nevertheless, well
informed on certain neographic areas and enjoy close contacts with
segments of foreign societies which are often not accessible to
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regular reporting officers. One of the objectives of intelligence
coordination is to continue to develop systematic methods for
tapping these officials.
The scope and complexity of radio broadcasting with
respect to frequency usage has made it necessary for considerable
attention to be devoted to technical monitoring; this type of
monitoring nest focus on frequency usages Jamming signals, etc.
These two types of monitoring are quite different in techniques
and purpose from the content monitoring of FBID, though closely
related to FBID technical monitoring operations which are pre-
requisite to content monitoring. In some cases separate facili,-
ties have boon established for technical monitoringt operational
monitoring and content monitoring. It seems likely that these
areas of activity may require coordination in the near future.
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