THE FIGHT IN 1959 FOR FREEDOM OF INFORMATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP61-00357R000500120013-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 12, 2014
• Sequence Number: 13
• Publication Date: September 14, 1959
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

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inc /right in 1959 for Freedom of
Information.
Extension of Remarks of Hon. John E.
Moss
of California in the House of Representa)
,tives, Monday, September 14, 1959 ,
Mr. Moss. Mr. Speaker, the year
1959 saw the present adminis/
tration
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196
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
carry 'secrecy to unprecedented lengths.
Officials in the executive branch far down
the administrative line from the Presi-
dent have taken it upon themselves to
deny information requested by Congress
and its agent, the Comptroller General.
The denials were in violation of _duly en-
acted laws, including the Budget and
Accounting Acts of 1921 and 1950 and the
mutual security authorization of 1959.
Administration officials, with increasing
frequency during the year, claimed a
privilege beyond the law to determine
what information Congress?and there-
fore the public and the press?shall have
about the operations of executive de-
partments and agencies.
Congress, and the House Government
Information Subcommittee in particu-
lar, have been challenging administra-
tion officials to cite statutory authority
for withholding information. In many
documented cases, information has been
released after it was shown that there
was no authority for secrecy. Such
progress, slow and painstaking, has been
recorded in reports of the House Govern-
ment Operations Committee based on the
subcommittee's work.
At the same time, however, officials,
unable to produce statutory authority for
the secrecy they are imposing, have
found it handy to claim an undefined,
unlimited "privilege." Research has
shown conclusively that such a sweeping
claim is recognized by neither the Con-
stitution, the statutes, nor the courts. _
Administration officials argue that the
only information they withhold is ad-
visory material, consisting of "personal
opinions." How a document, written by
a Federal official as part of his official
job,. can be a personal matter has never
been explained. Nevertheless, subcom-
mittee hearings have shown that inf or-
mation withheld from the Comptroller
General included blank forms and the.
table of contents of a report on procure-
ment activities of the Military Sea
Transportation Service. By no stretch
of the imagination can such material be
considered personal opinions to be hid-
den from congressional or public view
for fear that the official involved may be
inhibited from expressing the truth as he
sees it. The doctrine of secrecy has been
extended so far that the head of the In-
ternational Cooperation Administration
which administers the foreign aid pro-
gram testified that he believed he could
withhold from Congress any document in
possession of his agency./
Unfortunately, the most flagrant
abuses of the claim of privilege have oc-
curred when Congress has sought to ex-
amine the efficiency in the use of tax
funds in the field of defense, spac, re-*
search, and foreign aid?each an area of
immense importance and immense cost.
Fortunately, Congress served notice
this year that it will no longer tolerate
the unbridled imposition of secrecy by
thousands of satellite presidents in the
executive departments and agencies.
The Mutual Security Appropriations Act
of 1-960 provides that if information is re-
fused about a foreign aid project, funds
for that project will be cut off automat-
ically unless the president personally
supports the refusal and sets forth his
reasons for so doing. This is but a first
step in the reassertion of the constitu-
tional rights which are basic to a demo-
cratic society and a representative form
of government. But it does place the
issue of secrecy squarely in the hands of
the President. What he does about it
will determine whether the Government
of the United States follows the constitu-
tional principles or whether Congress
must take further, more drastic steps to
prevent government in secret.
Foote & Jenks, of Jackson, Mich., Cele-
brate 75th Anniversary?One of Na-
tion's Oldest Flavor Houses
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PHILIP A. HART
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, September 14, 1959
Mr. HART. Mr. President, this/year
represents the 75th anniversary of one
of Michigan's outstanding firms, Foote
& Jenks, Inc., of Jackson, Mich. Foote,
& Jenks was founded in 1884 and is not
only one of Michigan's oldest manufac-
turing concerns, but one of the Nation's
oldest flavor houses serving the food and
drug and beverage industries of the
Nation.
We in Michigan are proud of the out-
standing long service of this firm. I ask
unanimous consent that there should be_
printed in the Appendix of the RECORD
a brief history and outline and descrip-
tion of the work of this famous' concern.
There being no objection, the material ?
was ordered to be printed in -the RECORD,
as follows:
SOME EARLY HISTORY
Two enterprising young men, Charles E.
Foote and Charles C. Jenks, graduate phar-
macists from the University of Michigan,
pooled their modest savings and opened a
retail drug store in Jackson, Mich., in 1884.
This was the beginning, modest to be sure,
but these were men of vision, restless and
energetic, made of the stuff that forecasts
progress and growth.
They found their great interest to lie in
the backroom, rather than behind the
counter and it was there that they began
the first experiments and discoveries which
led to the existence of the present firm of
Foote & Jenks, Inc.
' The ensuing 75 years has seen the reali-
zation of ardream in the best American tra-
dition of free enteiprise. The founders in-
vested their young manhood, their energy,
and what little money they had in this small
business. They hopefully looked beyond its
walls. They followed their noses into the
perfume, business and through it into the
flavor field. In doing so they got them-
selves into the complicated and difficult
realm of the manufacturing business, with
help to pay, inventory to finance, and com-
petition to conquer. Their early struggles
are a matter of record and the business to-
day is a monument to their imagination,
their ambition, and their sacrifice.
RESEARCH BRINGS PROGRESS
For 46 iars the original building, plus a
multiplicity of rented warehouse spaces,
housed the firm while its stature grew 10
times. In 1947 the business was moved into -
America's newest and finest manufacturing
laboratories, a spacious one-floor, day-lighted
A8563
brick ahd glass building, with its own side-
track facility, set in beautifully landscaped
grounds which provide space for plant addi-
tions as wanted.
In this building are to be found the most
up-to-date instrumentation, automatic
equipment, and custom-built machinery ex-
isting anywhere in the flavor industry. Con-
sistent and constant improvement of equip-
ment is reflected in complete changes in
tankage facilities which were ori.oe entirely
of wood, become all glass-lined metal, then
became wholly monel metal and, today, are
100 percent stainless steel.
Production machinery in the manufactur-
ing laboratories includes high-speed colloid
mills, homogenizers of 3,500 pounds capac-
ity, ultrasonic emulsifying devices which
were the first to be used for the purpose in
America, an ion exchange water purification
system, 10-ton refrigeration connected to
hermetically sealed agitation chambers,
power and gravity filtering equipment, and
power and gravity conveyors to all ware-
house areas.
Production is governed by a control lab-
oratory, the instrumentation of which is
modern right up to the point of the newest
chromatographic analysis devices. In this
laboratory batch samples of every product
are retained on file until evidence exists that
the batch has completely passed into cus-
tomer's food and beverage products and has
been consumed with gusto by the American
people.
Development and research activities are a
daily, monthly, yearly, and "forever must"
in the research laboratory. Inclusion of
ample funds for this activity in budget
thinking has made the company pioneers in
the production of new flavors as well as in
the consistent improvement in form of old
favorites?as required by the constantly
growing and improving industries which
provide the country's foods and beverages.
The management attitude toward constant
change and improvement and its acceptance
of modern methods is reflected in office op-
erations where every department is fully
equipped with up-to-the-minute business
machines, including a punchcard operation
which provides source material for elec-
tronic integrated data processing.
THE CORPORATE STRUCTURE
The founders incorporated the business in
1893 and established the policy of employee
ownership and management which endures
to this day. Ownership in the form of shares
of stock is vested entirely among current em-
ployees. Directors of the company are
elected by?the 'employees and the board of
directors elects the officers. Individual
length of service of employees ranges -from
1 year to 40 years with a current average
tenure of 16 years. Employees share in
profits, stock dividends, and in benefits pro-
vided by the company in the form of group
insurance and pension plans.
THE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
Paul W. Thurston, who was hired by
the founders in 1919 to wash bottles, rose
through shipping, purchasing, advertising
and sales activities to the presidency in 1957,
He is the third president of the company,
succeeding H. L. Jenks, retired in 1957 who
in turn succeeded C. E. Foote, one of the
founders.
John L. Laughlin, vice president, research
and development began in 1940 as a labora-
tory assistant and be'came the corporate offi-
cer in charge of the department in ' 1957.
He is a charter member and a director of the
Institute of Soft Drink Technicians, a mem-
ber of the Institute of Food Technologists
and chairman of the research committee of
the Flavoring Extract Manufacturers Asso-
ciation.
Worth Weed who became treasurer in 1956
was employed as a salesman in 1946. He has
served as president of the Michigan Dairy
Boosters, president of the Michigan, Allied
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A8504 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
Dairy Association and long-time member of
the floor committee of th Dairy Industries
Supply Association.
Don C. Jenks, grandson of the founder,
joined the company in 1940 and worked
through manufacturing, laboratory, ac-
counting and purchasing to be elected secre-
tary in 1951. He has served two terms as
president of the Flavoring 'Extract Manufac-
turers Association and is a. member of its
board of governors. The company's officers
are directors and the directorate is completed
by Harry C. Devlin who was employed in
1925 as a manufacturing assistant and be-
came superintendent of manufacturing in
1056.
TWO NEW DIVISIONS.
In 1958 the -Pharmaceutical Flavor Clinic,
Division of Foote & Jenks, Inc., was formed
with a nationally recognized pharmaceutical
authority, Dr. Sereck H. Fox, as its consult-
ing director. Dr. Fox is an adviser to the
U.S. Pharmacopeia, to the British Pharma-
copeia and is a fellow in the New York Acad-
emy of Sciences. Specialized laboratory
personnel work under his supervision on
projects for the manufacturing pharmaceuti-
cal industry in the task of making bad-
tasting medicines taste good?or at least ac-
ceptable to patients of all ages.
A wholly owned subsidiary, the Needs
Corp., was formed in 1958 for surveying di-
versification opportunities in both allied and
unrelated fields. Officers are Thurston,
Laughlin, and Jenks with I. Z. Mathany (F. St
J. advertising .manager) and K. R. Wright,
who is F. & J. packaging _and shipping super-
intendent, completing the Needs Corp. direc-
torate.
THOSE WE SERVE
Foote & Jenks, Inc., serves the ice cream
manufacturers, the confectioners, the bak-
ing industry, the pharmaceutical manufac-
turers, and the soft drink bottlers. F. & J.
research has provided these industries with
flavors that have long enjoyed a nationwide
reputation for sheer excellence.
Sales are made direct to customers in 47
States and 26 foreign countries with contact
'maintained by a force of 14 sales and service
representatives plus an export office in New
York City. Presently the company has direct
representation covering special assignments
in Hawaii, Latin America, and, Europe.
Licensed manufacturing is done in Canada
With a special staff contacting the trade there.
The company's personnel take greatest
pride in the fact that many customers have
been served for more than 25 years, includ-
ing 184 for more than 40 years and 27 for
more than 50 consecutive years. Many of
these long-time customers also boast of busi-
ness lives consisting of 75 and more years.
THE RAW MATERIALS
From the spice markets of the Orient, from
the exotic, romantic green islands of the
South Pacific, from far away places with
strange sounding names come the materials
which the F. & J. flavor specialists expertly
process and blend. The finished product en-
ables those we serve to market products
which bear famous brand names and enjoy-
ing countrywide recognition for highest
quality.
ORCHIDS FOR INDUSTRY
Not all diamonds are set in wedding rings.
Many are used by the tool and die industry
for cutting purposea. Similarly, not all
orchids go to the junior prom. The indus-
trial orchid, botanically identified as Vanilla
planifolia, is a tropical vine, its flower a beau-
tiful orchid, its fruit the vanilla bean. The
vanilla bean has been a major import item
of Foote & Jenks, Inc., for 75 years. Careful
selection and processing of the vanilla bean
provides the delicious flavor for ice cream,
cookies, cakes, and desserts, to mention only
a few. The pharmaceutical industry uses
the extract to impart good taste to medicinal
products. Substantial portions of the world
supply are grown by natives of Mexico and
Madagascar, whose annual crop may amount
to those-beans which can be carried to the
market in the growers' hands. The green
beans, similar in appearance to the catalpa
pod, are cured by the heat of the tropical
sun to develop the naturally delicious aroma.
Thousands of natixes thus are required to
provide a single ton of beans which is a batch
size purchase for Foote & Jenks, Inc.
OUR 75TH YEAR
In observance of its 75th anniversary the
firm has been honored by recognition from
the President of Mexico and the President
of the Malagash Republic (Madagascar)
through their Ambassadors in Washington,
as well as by the American Vanilla Bean
Association, for its activity, leadership and
growth in the production of. pure vanillas
made from vanilla beans grown and cured
abroad.
Similar recognition has been tendered by
the International Association of Ice Cream
Manufacturers, the National Association of
Retail Ice Cream Manufacturers; the Amer-
ican Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages, and
the National Confectioners Association.
The White House is included by virtue of a
complimentary and encouraging citation
over the signature of Presidential Advisor
David W. Kendall. .
LOOKING AHEAD--IN RETROSPECT
Annually all employees meet together to
review the year just closed, plan for the
future and break bread together in tradi-
tional friendship and good will. This all-
hands meeting follows the annual meeting
of stockholders at which it is always pointed
out that all stockholders are employees and
that most employees are stockholders. At
the last such meeting, Thurston, the presi-
dent, noted that in comparatively recent
years the business had built, equipped and
paid for its modern buildings; had enabled
its employees to own_over a hundred thou-
sand dollars worth of automobiles?at least
a quarter-million dollars worth of life in-
surance?more than a half-million dollars
worth of homes. He stated that dollars
earned and spent in the birth, rearing and
education of children?together with ex-
penditures for the comforts which go with
today's high standard of living run to sums
which may well be a matter of conjecture.
'In referring to the founders he said, "74 years
of company history lie behind us. That
period of time has seen the realization of
a dream in the best American tradition of
free enterprise. Our sound position today
Is a monument to the imagination, ambi-
tion and sacrifice of C. E. Foote and C.
Jenks who had the.vision to found this com-
pany in 1884 in trust and confidence that
the American competitive system would re-
ward a closely followed policy of good goods
and honest dealings. Time has justified
their faith and our duty lies in the contin-
uance of that policy to the end that our
customers are well served and that free,
competitive enterprise, may continue to offer
its rewards for both vision and hard work."
Technological Advance and Farm
Policies
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. FRANK CARLSON
OF KANSAS
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNIt 1.) STATES
Mcmday, September 14, 1959
Mr. CARIiSON. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to include in the
RECORD a recent report made by the Na-
Octobe'r- 2.4,
tional Planning Association on "Techno-
logical Advance and Farm Policies."
? The National Planning Association is
a nonprofit, nonpolitical organization,
established in 1934, devoted to planning
by Americans in agriculture, business,
labor, and the professions. This report,
presented by the Agriculture Committee,
states that the crux of the farm policy
problem as it has emerged in the last
6 years is overrapid technological ad-
vance and that farm price and income
trends will continue, to worsen unless
producers find some acceptable means
for balancing supplies with markets
available at reasonably satisfactory
prices. It is an important contribution
to obtaining a clearer understanding of
the complex problems which must be
dealt with by new farm legislation at the
earliest possible moment.
There being no objection, the report
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE AND FARM PoLicrEs
Technical advance in agriculture has been
Of untold value to this country. We are the---\
best fed of all nations. Food is cheaper in
rela'tion to workers' earnings than in any
period of our history or in any other country
in the world. Technical advance also has \re-
leased millions of Workers from agricultDre
for productive employment in other lines of
activity, thus making an important contribu-
tion to our rapid growth. But farm tech-
nical advance is now proceeding at such a
pace that it prevents the usual supply and
demand forces from stabilizing supplies and
prices at reasonable levels. -
Each year for the past 6 years $1.5 billion
to $2.5 billion of farm products have been re-
moved from commercial markets by the Gov:-
ernment loan, storage, and surplus removal
opertaions. Furthermore, there is an up-
ward trend in these overabundant supplies,
for in the last 2 years the amounts removed
-would have been even greater except for the
soil bank program. Through its acreage re-
serve features this prorgam has idled 17 mil-
lion acres of land formerly devoted to the
allotment crops?corn, cotton, wheat, rice,
and tobacco. An additional 10 million acres
of land formerly devoted to general crops
were idled in 1958 by the conservation reserve
features of the soil bank.
An exploration of the economic relation-
ships between technological advance and
farm, price support policies must start with
this recent economic history.
It is evident that if farm production were
brought into balance with commercial mar-
ket outlets at recent price levels, farm in-
pome- would be reduced by the amount of
these recent annual surpluses. That is,
farmers would not receive the $1.5 to $2.5
billion they have been getting from
sales of products to the Government. (Gov-
ernment payments, largely for the soil bank
program, totaled an additional $1.1 billions
in 1958.)
If the supplies now diverted to Govern-
ment storage and disposal, plus the poten-
tial supplies held in check by acteage allot-
ments and the soil bank, were channeled
through commercial markets, market prices
would be much lower. Statistical analyses
of farm prices and supply relationships in-
dicate that farm income including Govern-
ment payments would drop by $4 to $6
billion.
Farm leaders and farmers have been
greatly confused on this. Continued loan,
storage and surplus disposal operations,
combined with the acreage allotments and
the soil bank in recent years, have prevented
increased. supplies?equivalent to 6 to 10
percent of annual farm output?from glut-
ting commercial markets.
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