A BOLD AND IMAGINATIVE MEANS FOR PROMOTING WORLD PEACE

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CIA-RDP61-00357R000100220022-3
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22
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July 30, 1959
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/20: CIA-RDP61-00357R000100220022-3 13400 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE schools is predominantly white neighbor- hoods is meeting opposition from white parents. "DON'T TREAD ON VS" A few weeks ago, a group of white mothers from the Glendale section of Queens marched around city hall carrying placards protesting the plan to transport about 1,000 children, most of them Negro or Puerto Rican, from overcrowded schools in Brooklyn to schools in Glendale. Among the signs the white mothers tarried was this: "Don't tread on us." At the same time, in the same vicinity, Negro mothers also were picketing city hall with signs such as this one: "This is New York City?not Little Rock." - White homeowners and apartment dwellers in many parts of the city are moving out as Negroes spread out from Harlem. In Queens, one estimate is that it takes about 3 years for a neighborhood to change from white to black after the first .Negro moves in. In residential areas, New Yorkers are be- coming more aware of their race problem than ever before. A white householder in Queens says: "We're beginning to feel a coldness be- tween the races. The other day, a Negro told me that his white neighbor doesn't talk to him now. My wife and I, in the past, have had Negroes to dinner in our home and we still do. But now we look around to see if the neighbors notice it." "DIFFICULT" SCHOOLS? Top-rated teachers are bitterly protesting proposal's that school officials assign them, regardless of their desires, to teaching posts at "difficult" schools which are composed mainly of Negro and Puerto Rican children. At present, such posts are filled on a volun- tary basis, and many teachers have said they. will seek employment elsewhere rather than be assigned to such schools. Also stirring resentment among whites is the dispersal of Negroes across the city by means of public housing. It is now. .the official policy of the city to discourage location of any public-housing projects in areas occupied mainly by Negroes and Puerto Ricans. Such projects, it is felt, will only build up ghettos, since 40 percent of all public housing for low-indbme families is occupied by Negroes and another 15 per- cent by Puerto Ricans. As a result, about three-fourths of these families in public housing now live in ra- cially integrated projects in predominantly white neighborhoods. In such projects, white tenants and nearby residents are complaining of a rise in crime, juvenile delinquency, and dilapidation. White families are tending to move out of Integrated projects. A Brooklyn project that was equally divided between whites and other groups only a few years ago, now is two-thirds Negro. COST OF CRIME New Yorkers are becoming aroused by the mounting costs of crime and welfare that have come to the city with the growth of this Negro population. Unofficial estimates are that Negroes, with about 15 percent of the city's population, account for a third of its serious crime's. Many of these crimes are committed far beyond the borders of Harlem and other Negro areas. In some categories, such as rape and narcotics violations, the percen- tage of Negroes involved is believed to be considerably higher than for other .offenses. Negroes, together with Puerto Ricans, are estimated to account for about half of the city's welfare costs?and for a far bigger per- centage of the aid to dependent children. The answer of Negroes, and many white officials in this city, is that these problems can be solved only by providing Negroes and Puerto Ricans with better housing, better schools, and more job opportunities. Negroes now are embarked on a "revolt" to gain those objectives. The result at this time is to bring New York City's racial trou- bles into the foreground, and fears are being expressed that these troubles are going to mount in the months ahead. Mr. KEATING. Mr. President, no one condones law violations. No one should ? for a moment seek to defend the viola- tion of law by any person of any race, creed or color. However, the incidence of crime in the cities throughout our country, including New. York City, has nothing whatever to do with the enact- ment of civil rights legislation. What is being sought in the proposed legislation is the guarantee of equal pro- tection of the law fodr our citizens of every race, creed, and color. We seek to protect the rights vouchsafed by the Constitution of the United States, which we are sworn to uphold. We seek to ex- tend the life of the present Civil Rights Commission, which is seeking, by hear- ings, to determine the areas where fur- ther aid is needed in bringing about the equal protection of the laws to our citi- zens. The work of this Commission has been thwarted at every turn by those who would obstruct progress in this field. That is the reason why it is nec- essary to extend the life of the Commis- sion. There are many other areas which cry out for legislative treatment at this ses- sion of Congress. This afternoon I shall send to the desk for printing under the rule some proposed amendments to the bill which is now under consideration in the Committee on the Judiciary, to strengthen the bill and to-make it mor meaningful?as has been said by other Members of the Senate, to "put meat on the skeleton." Of course we should fight crime wherever it appears in this coun- try. But this fight has nothing to do with the constant struggle to strengthen the civil rights of the people of our land. Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. Mr. President, the reason why I had the article from the U.S. News & World Re- port printed in the CONGRESSIONAL REC- ORD is that it pointed out a fundamental fact which I think is true to life. It is not possible to have a group of people live segregated for 159 years and then overnight have them not be segregated. One cannot force integration upon peo- ple against their own will and have any- thing but unrest. There will be unrest in the United States wherever integration is forced. I warn the Members of the Senate and the people of this Nation that God segre- - gated the races at the beginning. The Jewish people segregated themselves, and have kept themselves segregated to a certain extent down through the years. I am not criticizing them for that. But we find that when we have segregation and then force integration upon any peo- ple we have a great deal of trouble and unrest. So you face many headaches when you force integration in the United States. SEGREGATION FOR LIQUOR SALES- MEN IN HARLEM ADVOCATED BY NEW YORK NAACP Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent July 30 to have printed in the RECORD an edi- torial published in the State, of Colum- bia, S.C. There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: [From the Columbia (S.C.) State, July 29, 1959] ONE-WAY STREET Up Harlem way, this discrimination mania seems to have gotten some organizations into something of a bind. The New York branch of the NAACP has under way a drive to get Negro liquor salesmen a larger share of the Harlem mar- ket. Harlem is, of course, almost all Negro. Others are charging that this would throw a lot of white salesmen out of work, thus constituting discrimination against whites. The Anti-Defamation League of B'nai Btith, a national Jewish organization, has volun- teered to investigate the situation. The national organization of the NAACP has thus far not openly taken a stand on the matter. As the Anti-Defamation League points out, this drive has become "an ex- tremely delicate" situation, and the league notes that it and the NAACP have had a long and close association in fighting dis- . crimination. It is interesting to note that 72 of the 200 wholesale liquor salesmen working Har- lem are Negroes. From this one gathers that discrimination, or antidiscrimination, is strictly a one-way street with the NAACP. They want it fixed, through civil rights legislation and pressure groups, so that whites may not discriminate against Negroes, and everyone must dis- criminate in favor of Negroes. In fact, the New York NAACP is, openly advocating a positive form of segregation when it insists that only Negroes should sell to Negroes. A BOLD AND IMAGINATIVE MEANS FOR PROMOTING WORLD PEACE Mr. KEATING. Mr. President, I am proud to be a cosponsor of the great ef- fort to launch a Great. White Fleet to help build world peace. I feel this idea can dramatize America's friendship for the peoples of the world, particularly in the uncommitted nations. This modern Great White Fleet pro- vides an opportunity to combine the tra- ditional American spirit of generosity and enlightened self-interest in a bold and imaginative demonstration of good will. The fleet, launched in the service of humanity, can sail around the world with food, clothing, medicine, and tech- nical assistance for the impoverished masses of Asia, Africa, South America, and the Middle East. At a time when expenditures for our foreign aid program total in the billions, the cost of maintaining the white fleet would be about $5 million each year? and it is quite possible that part of even this relatively small expense can be pri- vately financed. To compute the value of the proposed program in terms of dollars is, however, impossible. In the three major fields of feeding the hungry, healing the sick, and instructing the illiterate, such a program would allow American aid to be given in ways that can be clearly, un- equivocally understood and identified, in ways that cannot be distorted by prop- aganda or misunderstood through lack of information. I have willingly given my support to this proposal as my cosponsorship testi- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/20: CIA-RDP61-00357R000100220022-3 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/20: CIA-RDP61-00357R000100220022-3 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE fies. Both modest in expenditure and imaginative in method, the Great White Fleet could dramatize the America of the mid-20th century as it brings American aid and friendship to the people of the world. I commend Life magazine for its pio- neering work in this field, in promulgat- ing the idea 4nitiated by Comd. Frank Manson. I also commend the various Members of the House and Senate who have so vigorously pressed for action on this proposal. I am hopeful positive ac- tion will be forthcoming soon. A ? fine editorial in the Christian Science Monitor recently discussed the Great White Fleet idea. I ask unani- mous consent that it be printed in the RECORD. There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: GREAT WHITE FLEET In 1907 President Theodore Roosevelt sent 16 American battleships?on a cruise around the world. The Great White Fleet (Aimed- can warships were then painted white in peacetime) carried its intended message: that the United States was emerging from an era of preoccupation with recovering from its own great civil conflict and with developing a continent under a network of railroads?from an era of taken-for-granted security behind the British Navy?and that it now was a world power. Today an idea initiated by a young Navy commander, Frank Manson, and now spon- sored by Senators HUMPHREY and ASHEN and Representatives BATES and EDMONDSON?a bipartisan group?is being framed into a resolution asking .President Eisenhower to recommission from ships now in mothballs a modern Great White Fleet. This would carry aid to disaster-stricken areas through- out the world and technical assistance to nations which welcome it. There are, of course, practical problems to be solved. Except for emergency rescues, care of the injured, food and shelter, the needs arising from disasters vary greatly. And the fleet could be a long way off from the place it would be needed. But these difficulties are not wholly insuperable. Even tardy, partial aid would not necessarily be futile. And technical assistance (instruc- tion) could be a continuing service. As a dramatic, impressive, traveling adver- tisement of Americans' dominant desire tot be helpful, not warlike, the idea has enori mous possibilities. It certainly should b seriously exolored and 'ousidere.d GOVERNOR NELSON, OF WISCONSIN, AND BIPARTISAN LEGISLATURE MAKE EXCETJMNT RECORD Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, last November the people of Wisconsin elect- ed our first Democratic Governor in 25 years, Gov. Gaylord A. Nelson. They also elected a Democratic lower house for the first time in a generation; but partly be- cause only half the State senate seats were at stake, the Republicans held a substantial majority in the upper house. Many fine and able men in both parties have as Governor of States throughout this country failed to accomplish con- structive records because they were un- able to overcome obstructionism by an opposition party that controlled one or both of the houses of the Legislature. The Wisconsin Legislature has just fin- ished its regular session, although it will reconvene late next fall. A good part of the State government record for 1959 in Wisconsin has now been written. How did Governor Nelson meet the test? Mr. President, I am proud to report that Governor Nelson has made a shin- ing start in what promises to be one of the truly great public careers in this country. Nelson did not get everything he wanted of course. But as most fair- minded observers of both parties agree, his accomplishments were impressive and under the circumstances they were extra- ordinary. Although as I have said?the 1959 session of the Legislature is not yet over?I will gladly match the Nelson rec- ord in Wisconsin against that of any other State executive in the country this year, including the Rockefeller accom- plishments in New York where the Gov- ernor enjoyed a majority in both houses of this Legislature. Indeed the Nelson performance surpasses the Rockefeller record. The Nelson administration has already Overhauled and vastly improved the Wis- consin court system. He has accom- plished the most comprehensive State reorganization program in Wisconsin history and the first substantial reor- ganization of any kind in 20 years. He has created a unified and enlarged agen- cy for resource development. All of these reforms had been objectives of the previous Governors who had failed to achieve them despite huge_ legislative majorities in both houses. Nelson ac- complished these things with a small majority in the State assembly and in spite of heavy Republican superiority in the State senate. He also achieved a recodification of the laws dealing with marriage and divorce, made decisive strides in the campaign against mental illness, and took long strides toward ending secrecy in Wis- consin government. Mr. President, this record did not just happen because of luck or good fortune. Two days ago one of the top leaders Of the Wisconsin State Senate, Lynn Stalbaum, a highly intelligent and capa- ble State senator from Racine dropped into my office to tell me in part how it was done. He pointed out that Nelson had really brilliant help from the Demo- cratic leader in the State senate, Henry Maier, the minority floor leader, a young man who has become one of the most accomplished and resourceful legislative technicians in the State's history. Maier is a man of very deep convictions. He has a LYNDON JOHNSON legislative competence. In the Wisconsin Assembly, Nelson has a dedicated, hard-hitting speaker in George Molinaro, who hammered away throughout the session for an honest, re- sponsible, promisekeeping record, and Molinaro, together with Democratic as- sembly Majority Leader Keith Hardie, and others, succeeded in an assembly record that virtually dotted every "i" and crossed every "t" in the Nelson program. Of course, some of the Nelson pro- posals were delayed or killed in the State senate, where the Republicans had a majority. But in all fairness the Re- publican senators exercised construc- S TAT 13401 tive restraint. They deserve a full share of credit for their repeated willingness to recognize the public interest qualities of the Nelson program and approve much of it. In the last analysis, however, Mr. President, it was Governor Nelson, a 10- year State senator himself until his elec- tion as Governor last year, who made the record. State Senator Stalbaurn told me that Nelson drove himself around the clock for days towards the end of the session. Nelson is a remarkably charm- ing and ingratiating young man. He, of course, knows the State senators inti- mately, as one of them himself. He is extraordinarily popular among them in both parties. The Governor has a uniquely swift Mind. He is absolutely dedicated to his principles. Nelson used these attributes to striking effect to win a solid record of achievement in the pub- lic interest. Mr. President, I ask unanimous? con- sent that an editorial from the Milwaukee Journal entitled "Divided Legislature Huffed and Puffed, but It Got a Lot Done" be printed in the RECORD. This editorial makes a calm, dispassionate, neutral assessment of the Nelson record. There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the REC- ORD, as follows: DIVIDED LEGISLATURE HUFFED AND PUFFED, BUT IT GOT A LOT DONE Contrary to dire forecasts about reiults of divided party control in the 1959 legislature, the summing up of its score card to date shows progress and achievement to be big winners. Of course some good proposals failed and some ungood ones succeeded as always. And some of the weightiest fiscal decisions are to aivait the November recessed session. But the main session took an impressive number of major steps forward, and finally averted most of the major temptations to misstep. Some of the credit is due to able executive leadership by Governor Nelson. And the Democratically controlled assembly, though inexperienced and often confused, most often regained its footing after its cliff hang- ing episodes. The long sitting through most of July was a boon in this respect. But the key to the situation was the Republican majority in the senate. Its over- all influence proved more restraining than obstructive?and some of the restraining of exuberant assembly measures was a good thing. Since every measure needed at least several Republican votes to pass the senate, the many good results of the session were all ?to some extent a bipartisan product. Surprisingly, this split legislature resolved a half dozen knotty issues that have been on the agenda for years without result. Its vote to overhaul the courts will be historic; this is the first enactment of a planned, systematic judicial structure since state- hood. Governor Nelson succeeded on his first try, where there had been three decades of fail- ure, at bringing Wisconsin into the ranks of modern States with unified departments of administration?housekeeping agencies. He also won (but with the barest minimum of Republican help in the Senate) creation of a unified and enlarged agency for resource development. If this legislature did nothing else, the ses- sion would have gained fame from these acts alone?milestones on the road to more effec- tive government dnd more efficient justice. Other long stalemates ended this year with enactment of a boating regulation law, 'a new State park financing plan, a solution Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/20: CIA-RDP61-00357R000100220022-3 L Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/20: CIA-RDP61-00357R000100220022-3 11. 13402 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE for the end of Federal supervision over the Menominee Indian tribe, a billboard control law at least for interstate highways. But the similar control law for the great bulk of mileage off the "I" system still pends. The session wrote into the statute books another major recodification and moderniza- tion of a whole body of laws, dealing with marriage and divorce. This adds to the im- pressive string of such acts in recent years that have rewritten the cooperative, corpo- ration, and school laws, the criminal, the mo- tor vehicle, and the children's codes. The session voted important new strides in the public campaign against mental illness. It spelled out in law for the first time a clear public policy against conduct of ordinary public business, at any level of government, behind closed doors. It authorized election of an executive head for Milwaukee county government, a limited but useful step to- ward meeting the challenges of metropolitan growth. These are merely outstanding examples of major chores attended to. There was much activity also in the fields of labor and constitutional law. These subjects, plus the big one of fiscal and building program, are too extensive to be summarized here, and wil be separately discussed. Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I listened with great interest to the remarks of the distinguished Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. PRoxmnal praising the Governor of that State, and describing what he had achieved in Wisconsin with a divided government. These accomplishments were attained with a Senate which was of the other party. I hope the remarks of the Senator from Wisconsin will be carefully read by the Governor of Michigan, because, as we have seen in the press, one of the most common jokes nowadays is to speak of "Michigan an the rocks" as a popular beverage. Failure to work with a divided government in Michigan may perhaps be highlighted by what the Senator from Wisconsin has said. In the Federal Government we have heard a great deal about divided govern- ment. I think we sometimes forget that that is contemplated in our system of checks and balances. The 'people may sometimes forget that divided govern- ment is exactly what members of the Democratic Party asked the- people of the country to give them in the election last November. They knew that we had a Republican President. The Demo- cratic Party said to the people, "Give us a Democratic Congress, and the Con- gress will work with the Republican President." Therefore, to the extent that that has been accomplished, to the extent success has been achieved, certainly one must credit the accomplishments of a Demo- cratic Congress in a Republican adminis- tration. Equally, to the degree to which it has not been achieved, no recrimina- tion will serve as an excuse; and to the extent it hal not been accomplished, let the people of the country remember that they accommodated the request for the Democratic Party for a divided govern- ment. Now we have it. It is the respon- sibility of all of us to make it work. Mr. President? The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. TAL- MADGE in the chair) . The Senator from Pennsylvania. THE GREAT WHITE FL]ir_n! Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I rise for the purpose of commending the dis- tinguished junior Sepator from New York [Mr. KEATING] for what he has said about the Great White Fleet. I realize that I am one of the most junior Mem- bers of this body. Let me say in passing that I am delighted that we are to have another Republican Senator in this cor- ner of the Chamber, to keep the Sen- ator from Pennsylvania, the Senator from Vermont [Mr. PRoxrryl, and the junior.Senator from New York from slid- ing off the bench. We are looking for- ward to the arrival of our new Chinese- American anchorman. I believe that our new Senator from Hawaii, if he were present, would gladly join in praise of the Great White Fleet. Disraeli once said that no army is so powerful as an idea whose time has come. The concept of the Great White Fleet, that of bringing relief to areas visited by disaster, bringing aid, medicines, sup- plies, help, and technical know-how to the nonindustrial or less fortunate coun- tries of the world, is a magnificent idea. It depends very largely on private en- terprise. I hope the Government, in its comparatively minor contribution, and, to a much greater extent, private enter- prise, will meet the challenge and bring to fruition this wonderful idea, which would win us far more friends than we could win with much of our foreign aid program, through all the embassies in the world. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time of the Senator from Pennsylvania has expired. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senator from Pennsylvania may have 2 addi- tional minutes. The PRESIDING OhteiCER. With- out objection, it is so ordered. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, will the Senator from Pennsylvania yield to me? Mr. scow. I yield. Mr. JAVITS. I have identified my- self with the group which is working so hard for the Great White Fleet idea. I am very happy to identify myself with my colleague's sentiments. Of course, as he knows, I feel that the foreign aid program stands on a very different foot- ing. We need it urgently; and I do not believe it should complicate this particu- lar idea. The Great White Fleet can be made a visible symbol of great significance. As we all know, a picture is worth more than many thousands of words. We are thoroughly convinced that the Great White Fleet will be emblematic of our solicitude for our fellow men, wherever they may be, and whatever the particular enthrallment in which they are held at the moment. So I am glad to identify myself with my colleague's views on that subject, and I am pleased to have had the opportunity to join him. Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, will the Senator from Pennsylvania yield? Mr. SCOTT. I am - very happy to yield. July 30 Mr. McGEE. I could not help being interested in the Senator's comment about his new Republican colleague from Hawaii and his great confidence that Senator-elect FONG will be associated with the proposal to establish a Great White Fleet. I myself am proud of be- ing one of the sponsors of the bill. I wondered whether the junior Sen- ator from Pennsylvania was welcoming his new colleague in the hope that this would give him greater comfort and friendship as a sponsor of the Great White Fleet, or as more company on a rather lonely side of the aisle. . Mr. SCOTT. I may say to the Sena- tor from Wyoming that I know the new Senator from Hawaii, Mr. FONG. I am happy that he represents one of the great American ethnic groups, the Americans of Chinese ancestry. I am delighted that Mr. FONG is a Republican. I am also much pleased that the Governor of Hawaii was elected on a land reform program, an imagina- tive program. This is a pretty good an- swer to some of our friends in the other body who say that we in the Republican Party lack imagination. I must confess that at times both parties lack imagina- tion. I welcome Mr. FONG principally be- cause he is a patriotic American. He will be an outstanding Senator, and will undoubtedly espouse the humanitarian program which envisages the Great White Fleet. Mr. McGEE. I thank the Senator from Pennsylvania for the clarification. THE VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, as I read the newspapers in my own State and those from various other" parts of the Nation, I am delighted to see the acclaim editorial writers and columnists are giv- ing to Vice, President NixoN. It was especially heartening to read the thoughtful comments of Mr. William S. White in his column published in yes- terday's Washington Star. Mr. White wrote: The very fact he [Mr. NIXON] might one day be President of the United States was the very ultimate reason why he was sent to Russia in the first place. This was done not to assist RICHARD NIXON but to assist the high policy of this country. If it all helps him politically, as well it might, every- body concerned will just have to live with that fact. I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the RECORD the column by Mr. White, and several other articles and editorials. ? There being no objection, the articles and editorials were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: [From the Washington Star, July 29, 19591 NIXON SETS RHRUSHCHEV STRAIGHT?VICE PRESIDENT'S STRAIGHT TALIC TERMED EFFORT To AVERT RED MISCALCULATION (By William S. White) The so-called striped-pants set, the old career diplomats, tend to tut-tut Vice Presi- dent RICHARD NixoN's bare-knuckled poli- tician's approach in Russia. But the truly responsible chiefs at the State Department? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/20: CIA-RDP61-00357R000100220022-3