OSS - ASSESSMENT OF ITALIAN DIPLOMATIC SITUATION/BRITISH COMMENTARY ON STATUS OF ITALIAN SHIPPING/TRANSFER OF ITALIAN VESSELS AND TANKERS TO SPAIN/INTERVIEW WITH THE COUNTESS ANNA LAETITIS PECCI-BLUNT/MEMORANDUM ON UNDERGROUND MOVEMENT IN I

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: OSS Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 249
• Document Creation Date: November 3, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 25, 2013
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: April 19, 1942
• Content Type: MISC

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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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1.ply.; :ire to icee2 in toue/ with the Royal.ack?rnment.
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25_: CIA-RDP13X00001 R000100450007-8
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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ma arrLved at Verano; bati. tbat t-
i:ert. th3, .5algarian C..aarge had 'a3
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- Colonel Omero LpJn iiuag44
!t,Lf:!1,? .n Nanking, a4.rived in ToPegQ..ozi. 0cOber 2(4:*;
u'AffEdres of the ftNatiotial Fag;ciAtqW4tiliM4tit?
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7771 - 23906 - A rommittoe 116,4bben formgd. oes1.140* 01"1
tiirst becretary, tbs Italian Cama$4410 AO it, Agiftticafi'.4
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gon in foisbc.r. 141.11 be hardltid by Alle-Ameirican Legt4ion.?.
heftI'Ind that
0/1d ,3799 - The Italian' Legation has
G.)vemment has been requested to talte. arge of Ital.:Am '
in entmly territories.
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- 2319,06 The II-Alian Consuip datatt3.1.ni S ;Obittioutaly
? : t is being u,plied with funds ive ? this',Are:Onalis
(Jcv?rnment has notifi.ed Portuga1 tAat Can)ini,
uousul. The Portuguese haveAntwered orait,V
ni,13 be es.ncelled and he /,y1.4 reatiested to
It-111n (2o,lor ;J.11 -011me to rVque'st that'tbe
CUrCO family Awl two pro-Vascipt
? 1-t; c tD eav PortItgal w11 rwrange for this groud to
Northe-L
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:t .s latisfactory succqiesor to eaApini can be
S ,, 'v.. -is .)nible feJm ahlon;!st ?itch-ranking officials in
t rqii/"71 Jat Afric,l,n posts.
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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ett various d a tos t < the.
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.,)rtnorn cities. On 0044er kEl., thEOp
;,-,re,scia. On Octtlber 25, it,WWW:14P
ma arrLved at Verano; bati. tbat t-
i:ert. th3, .5algarian C..aarge had 'a3
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,L14.,ri-uo Minister Ir Bomei hcke returnad-1361'.gel
torforik
.41,rrtir
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12,424.1 - Berlin Radio
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- Colonel Omero LpJn iiuag44
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u'AffEdres of the ftNatiotial Fag;ciAtqW4tiliM4tit?
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tiirst becretary, tbs Italian Cama$4410 AO it, Agiftticafi'.4
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gon in foisbc.r. 141.11 be hardltid by Alle-Ameirican Legt4ion.?.
heftI'Ind that
0/1d ,3799 - The Italian' Legation has
G.)vemment has been requested to talte. arge of Ital.:Am '
in entmly territories.
? , ?
- 2319,06 The II-Alian Consuip datatt3.1.ni S ;Obittioutaly
? : t is being u,plied with funds ive ? this',Are:Onalis
(Jcv?rnment has notifi.ed Portuga1 tAat Can)ini,
uousul. The Portuguese haveAntwered orait,V
ni,13 be es.ncelled and he /,y1.4 reatiested to
It-111n (2o,lor ;J.11 -011me to rVque'st that'tbe
CUrCO family Awl two pro-Vascipt
? 1-t; c tD eav PortItgal w11 rwrange for this groud to
Northe-L
4
:t .s latisfactory succqiesor to eaApini can be
S ,, 'v.. -is .)nible feJm ahlon;!st ?itch-ranking officials in
t rqii/"71 Jat Afric,l,n posts.
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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The ItAlian Blmroy...11w44,
II hr4s :een without
i3 several a111ior4. TheAgarnma4wr
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Italf.ans deeply in debt.
AA kint.s of personnel.
Sept. 24 - #2216
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Erformaticn regarding tbis?fitanci41 situa1i,-00
Government, aild.itAlas been aAced if It'eWpr6V4d:
-r: I in_s for all missions* .
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,-.2refta,nt :-.,ips averages 33p000 petetas?MontOr fo.Otniaq/aXi
'A' --,4. f,'elP,'
'' 1 000 000 oestas,
...!..,. J? , ,
Li
uruer to have. effective cooperation, POJOJELS: must' be-
th"Itc.jn4 1..t Wa$ sugge6t?. that they bo
..00f..) for Immediate emergencies, against the value-,'
or ttheir cargoes.
At t,..e .(Aaent, the Germans are willing :to finsnce
It...142.r ih v.ill cooperate with them. -
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r. hfltr conference, Bacoglio pointed out that at
could not arrange for the transfer of
Is' .
Lne
- 4;'3175 - To Algiers and Madrid
Departmert reuuestet3 the allocation of emer-
t.- Italian uiplomatic and consular
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of 4,4 f:40
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pie,j. Italy lacks cash as -the-4,egtaS' j
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Is located In that paz'e. br, It'aPsfi," o
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3-itish Embassy
ove a ha already id 2t0: 101t
r nillio and--u a half pes4t4-6 ;or *iL6
vecsels in Spanish Waters.
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Nava 1 r ? ' J:?7: - ' "? ; ' ?? - ;5,X
funds win I., ? ?-, "tple 4 ?? ,t` 61.7%.-44, Apt,
ue ,ttepU?,f.
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he I talian Ambassa or
d - ? ,,??? " ZEtZt 644
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could sturrply more zone if'
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he ?Britteh-44;14.,t-;.;:tlicez -is" . " , ? ? 2; , ? 4'.1. ie.!, ? t
? '1 - t-.14 .4 " rgIVer.:
P104;400eyl, 126016Vd "
I ? telj.w
? the :tallan Embassy does
!.7.irer, the suggestion
al.1-o been asked to seil
7o? 3 are not part of the
ordereed to eleYse. P3t,lila,dtg..4:4(rt 44..V.11.914g9
rt. ,-tr4
not think thfi stp,_ 1v0agr?IP-O,Y?7 ? '?.3.;?44:
has been irtad e ? to yeBd'6 hap,
04mgoosI_presum;Ing
Armistie
ALGIERS - Oct. 15 - h23,727
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11 1tary headquarters in ''t e?is taken'. the ' ?,,;?
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regarding merdhaJ .
i) - If posqibiel Italy should pay opetation
exises.
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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be bcught by cash: 4- ' ,
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Reasonable eash af4Vances for,tiotInt 21
will be aade ageithst-'..u/ceipS-',f1tOrd oomM
...
Ing cfficers. -- ; : < 1.)...
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- Theaumi.nistration of t4). ItagIolvlittly.4,
1.11(iin5 with?Italian? authotitle,,:iki:- .1.'.0.'
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.... No difference will -be i4e. tttteiii41 1404 Zi3-40.. f? ,
active 6uty :and thavi'intern04 140
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all considered as part of th6Vpaliir4.0,
Italian Government Must han.41,6e's4k9h'ick'''.
3.T15 thtd BrItiab wi1.1
flecessitietS, but are apti a,ssiwnt/ni tte
silonsibility of paYing.fbr.t4p
Italian fleet.
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LION uct. 21 - o.2.3906
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In Lisbon, a committee consisting Of eine Ita3,14,twone-:-?
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:riiisr an._ one American representative, has beim-get irpf to had.
ard other que _ stions. ?.t; 1,?
IL [-.3.--4,-ugal was agreed to by the British P?m; Alioricans-
50-50 basis for fiAancial aSilsIan4e to repreWintattva
? 4 A
tt
Ct-.)r the nert six weeks.
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The Italian Legation has fiTlrice aufficient to eoverei-
itF, assets) the Italian Government hab three ships and egr-
. f et4)eL';
t
itq Itaans in Lourenco Marques are c.,estitute, as'Are,
:rt! -ew or 1,ne _nterned ship ?Gera,sulgmmiti. Mast of the,sei.
ioyal, out the Germans, as usual, are offering fundb to ,
w, will sueport Mussolini. Therefore, it was recommended
,t1 te on on a 50-50 bas be made to pay past indebted-
'oiti expenses.
3
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R0001004501)n7-R
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Co-itrol J R.
Acting Deputy Dir-ctoro OSS
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OFFICE-or 'STO
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Memo andum for Colonel Fortson:
Subjeet: Relations with Ita1ian Diplomatic Mission!,
1. At our request Dr. Holborn, Special Liaison Officel- between
R&A and the Civil Affairs Division of the War Department, '
studied the armistice agreement between the Allies andltaly
to see ifIrly statement was made regardins cooperation be-'
tweanitalian diplomatic mission? and the Allies. No caeh
statement appeared.
2. I have today contaeted Mr?HIOkerzen, Assistent -Chtef of the
European Division of the Department of State, and Mr. J.
Wesley Jones, Chief of the Italian 3eetion of the Depart-
ment of State, and have learned from them that subsequent
to the signing of the armistice an agreement was made be-
tween General Eisenhower and Marshal Badoglio that messages
woulc be oent by Baloglio to Italian diplomatic missions
instrueting them to "cooperate fully" with the Anglo-
Americans.
3. Actual nopies of the instruotions sent were shown to me oy
M. .Iones, and I was informed that these instructions have
now been received by tho Italian diplomatic representatives
in Madrid. Lisbon, Stockholm, Bern, Ankara and Buenos Aires.
It is hoped that similar instructions will in tho near fu
-
Vire be sent to Kabul, Dublin and Helsinki, in Whieh places
the Italian Ministers have declared for the Badeglio govern-
ment.
4. It ws stated by Mr. Jones chat it would be in order for the
OSS to advise their representatives in the above-mentioned
cities of the situation, and instruct them to contact the
American diplomatic representative before approaehing the
Italian missions.
Os Authority ha n not yet boon received for the use of the
Italian records and possessions in this country now under
the control of the ?xis? Legation. As soon as such ar-
rangements are completed wo will be advised.
Declassified
kAgno son Sanas, T,
400#0
Lieut t Colonel, F. A.
CONFIDENTIAL
IKEI INIIMUIEME
and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
INIMMINEMMNNISM
NMEE
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
- 7
?-
-
7 1.4. WOO
outhhampton St. Buffalo, N.Y.
Brother of Phil Catalano and had a sister who was active
in the Columbian League. He is an excellent citizen, young and
vigorous, very active,fine appearing. Believed to be of limited
meane.
Anthuy_Lombardo, 270 Swan St. Buffalo,N.Y.
Councilman of the City of Buffalo. Wealthy young Italian.
VIry active, with good reputation.
AT4roxle-,ete1y ho years old, an undertaker, reputed to be
-very weAltby and very influential among the Italian people with
aegunirtancee that extend to the Old Country. He is the only
one or thoce thus far mentioned who is not personally known to
your informant but from all I can gather he is well regarded and
in1'luent1,31. I arq informed that he hae been bock to Italy
ir recent yeaL.e.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
?1,41.1
?
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
- I
Romeo Bsttistoni, 82 Saranac Ave. Buffalo,V.Y.
&omewhere around 58 years of age. Vary wealthy, owns
Pomo Wins Company. Of those mentioned he is the most colorful
ansl probably has the best command of the Italian language. Very
active. Good speaker but reputed to have very definite Socialistic
leanings but professes great loyalty to the United States
and hostility to Mussolini. Has spoken at Niagara Falls and
other Places and probably could be most effective for certain
mission, but would suggest that the matter of his loyalty receive
a further check. On the surface it certainly appears O.K.
Caesar Tronolors, 231 Parker Ave. Buffalo,11.Y.
Wholesale grocer, reputed to do a very large business
and to have extensive connections among Italians everywhere.
Formerly a larrze importet and is supposed to be well acquainted
in Italy. Do not believe that he has much of a personal
f3llow-11v; largely because he is a business man rather than
a politician. I know him by sight and by reputation and I am
sure that he is O.K.
Fran)," Musarra 88 Edison St. Buffelo,N.Y.
Believe this man should be especially valuable because he
hac a son who is an officer in the United States Army and of
whom he is very proud. He speaks the lanpluage very well and is
reputed to have mademarq trips to Italy. Re is not particularly
lctive in rolitics but is R contributor, I think, to both parties
ilnd Likes to be included on committees to greet distinguished
visitors, etc. A professed, and I am sure, an actual patriot.
He 13 in the real estate business and I know is favored with
quit a little business from the local banks who speak well of
Vincent Mnnzelle, 130 Prospect Aie. Buffelo,N.Y.
A City Councilman, a former member of the Zoning Board
.and a aspirant to the Regional Directorship of the 0.P/A. Very
active in Democratic politics with a strong foLlowing among
jounc-er Italians. I do not know his Ewe but would believe it to
A well known physician at the Perrysburg Hospital. Would
qe e good men to p,iv e a line on the more prominent Italians of
NeEtern Eew York.
. -
FormPr kadso.o.irnte District Attorney. Has some foll
Italians and is always mentioned as a prominent Ital.
Perscnnlly, 1 believe he hs represented so many
tt he ha. , Locome shopworn n& probably obtuse. I me
bectu2e Env survey would turn up his name. He drinks
fltd I would not corider ram.
rk;)
owing
Ian
racket
ntion
heavily
OW-
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25 :
?
CIA-
S... SSS 8
---
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013%09/25 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
ColnoM from ra very fine Italian tsmilyp ttapproximEttely
.40 yrIvro ot age, native Republican flt rtt preuent Aosi*ttant'
61.10triet Attorney, Hio family formerly had tA greAt deal of ,
laormy {Ind hAvo alwttyo boonrtgreea tic good citizenn,Ie in
ttlf?ra of obllity and ittettrity and con furnish informntion
to tae Itetion situation.intlefolo from a little: different
ruipao
tin some of the others who neve boon mentioned,
Mg onto
No rflfiprerico to prominent Italionn would be complete
without ti reforonct to John Montana, Io ir hpproximately 50
yr e old, very nctivo in Republican offoirs, Ownt4 Van Dyke
Ttixt Comptiny find ie vory ebio, I have it from certain sources
thAt WI loyalty on occasions holt boon quetitionedo ovon to the
extout of int orviows by the Irs13,1. whioh hos ?tweed him to be
van, motive in pettriOtiO 1110Vellientq Much hp bond drives and other
thinvi. tt i rt prrisent hoAdinp, up fin Itmlien bond drive rind
olviye active in tho cfn1130 of John Montane., Very lik-mble
but r think with et very definite linderworld bio-up both in
Niatgarn Folio and in aurrnio, rind for whateveir bearing it moy
htive4 I know thert thero V3i1 tWO W0111011 who Oittim to be Mn"
nt nfi
Rztl.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R00010045011 -
t
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t. ?
Declassified andApproved For Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100;150007-8
s'.11!Ft
itAerT
g;'4714t1-:
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naygle
The war will not last forever. One day the fighting
will stop and the gigantic task of the reconstruction of
Europe will have to start. The United States have clearly
indicated a desire to participate in the rehabilitation of
the European continent. Italy is one of the countries that
the American people will certainly try to help in their
spiritual economic and financial recontruction. Not only
that but both countries - the United States and Italy - are
longing to restore to its fullness their historic traditional
friendship erasing as quickly as possible the tragic interlude
of the war. That day may not be very far. It is time to
start getting ready for it. There are things that happen
only too suddenly. Being ready now and having at least some
clear outlines of what could and should be done along the
lines of the rLstoration of the old ties of friendship bet-
ween Itliy and the United States is essential if mistakes and
delays are to be avoided at a time when mistakes and delays
The period of readjustment through which Italy is bound
to go for a number of years especially in the field of its
- ?
Declassified and A roved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
_
'
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
shattered economy is goim to be very hard and difficult.
The business of liquidatik: a warleven a victorious one, is always
a difficult and complicated one. Infinetely more difficult
and complicated will be the business of closing a chapter as
painful and tragic as the present war has been for Italy.
America wants to help in this gigantic task. It is to the
Interest of the United States to assist the Italian people
during the period of its readjustment. It is to the interest
of the Italian people to regain the American friendship. The
vision of the future yet to come opens immense pemspectives.
Yet a very few people know exactly what can be done and how it
? .
There is - as yet - no comprehensive balance sheet of
the relations between the two countries. Lots of people
talk about them but nobody knows what they really were
before the war started and bobody has until now explored all
the potentialities of an italo american cooperation in the post-
war scheme of things.
Because - among other things - Italy herself is not very
well known. The outer world knows Italy either as one of the
great meccas of the tourist trade, the land of the magniticent
. . ?
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, Declassified and A roved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
? 1, 4.1
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?
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archeiou, or as the scene of some greatly perplexing and
not always understandable recent history. Not many realize
that behind the ruins and the headline names there are in
Italy many other things, some of them good, some of them bad,
some of them indifferent, but all of them worth while knowing
if one has to deal at all with the Italian people.
A more complete knowledge of Italy ought to be, therefore,
at the basis of any long range policy affecting the Italian
piaople.
Such a knowledge would clarify and simplify quite a
number of problems that seem and have seemed all along in-
credibly bailing to all those who had to deal with modern Italy.
It and vitally important to start exploring
the possibilities ofa_4__...t_,a1_..q:-.__ejjs_2amanost-warcoqperation now,
right in the midst of the wIlsibecai_lkg...?....tEltuk_s_q_lhis kind might
vastly_tglp to indicate to the Italian people a way.out of its
difficulties and create an interest in the allied vi912Ey showing,
that the United States is anxious to help Italy not only to
survive but also to regain, with dignity, her place among the
free nations of the world.
4
0 , ?
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
_
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
Fit111
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OW
e
;
It is absolutely essential to indicate to the Italian
people the existence of an alternative to the policy followed
for so long by the government of Rome and the desirability of
a change from the standpoint of the national interest of Italy.
The inevitable task of a gigantic and complex reori-
entation of the whole italian life may be made much easier
through the spreading among all strata of Italians of the feeling
that America, their old traditional friend ib still with them.
The creation of a center of italian studies would greatly
help to complete the knowledge and the understanding of Italy
in America providing at the same time an organ that could become
in due time a channel for the transmission of american ideas
? kA.)
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This center, although closely in touch with the U. S.
Government should be privately run and if possible privately
financed.
The first objectives that the center should have ought to
be a series of strictly factual surveys of the Italian economic
and social conditions in order to have ready all the data
necessary to prepare the return of Italy to a system of free
"tzpV.11:
2013/09/25. CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
The very fact that an effort of this kind should be
attempted in the United States in the midst of the war would
help tremendously to dispel the fears of the Italian middle
clazses and the Italian working people that a rapid change
would plunge them into chaos, uncontrollable inflation,
wiping out of all savings and endless suffering.
The center should start gathering the vast material of in-
formation on Italy available now in the United States, and
elaborating it in public monographs or private memoranda for
official use, as soon as possible so that it could be of some
hiflp to all those who are interested in Italy and the inevitable
resumption of relations first and friendship afterwards between
I.
fr.
?4.
Oigt
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
15eclassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF '
WASHINGTON, D. C.
OV S itATECIC nEEmIcts
Dr. William L. Langer
Ppoir Cpaudenel S;dearo
,;ub:actgth an Underground Movement in Italy
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c.7sn!"o hrv roc:ntay returned from Italy, I learned that neither of
concrete evidence of an organized anti-Fasciet undor-
f,;trent in Italy. Ic.,th eNko, however, about much grumbling
This
In Rely. bt this le obviouoly another matter.
Informat1,0n confirms tho view, expressed or implicit rt
writtini and oral repxf.ta, that all talk about an ;Inderground movo-
should be viewed with great caution, that the Ascist
rer:1-rs 1,1,1101rn tv be atlblc, that no organizod anti-Fasciet movement,
nt,vc,ng oiwugh ael!, power, oxiste in Italy today, and that there
rf% irmw..11.4t9 !iror9;ect that the Fata,Avt rogimo viill e
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1!n 6 otet former 0010111rMatilf: Ofeloor of a
ork tho Loynlist oido in tho Opftnioh
',4n reOW in Ve!,to Pa% hmo boon in ciontaot with you
la ,,ropariag tom t:ort of a report for you@
It would, hall) us rlo aotermint tho
If ow iuforglaate which up to now lc oomcwhAt in (moo-
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M. Poole ham received a letter from
Colonel Paeciardi following the conversation
had in New 'York last Mondaye As you will
see by the attached copy of the original
French, together with translation, Colonel
Pacciardi has stated his Interpretation of
possibilities -- one suspoots with some eye
to further negotiations. A reply by M.
Poole is attached fop your consideration.
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New York 21 April. 1942
nator Information Washington, D4C.
Monsieur,
PSI
4
Se tens a vous remoroier de la conversation quo vcius aye?.
eu 117ec moi au nom de Mr.le Colonel Donovan et je fais ms milleurs
vf)etia au Colonel pour sa compl6te guerison.
Au (tours do notre conversation a titre personnel et sans engagemont
Ltrficiel do votre part on serait arrive au compromis suivant au sujet
probamo de la Legion italienne.
Les italions pexticiperaient a titre volontaire pour la duree do
guerre aux tormtion8 iitranOres qui. vont se constituor dans
ltarm6e =Orion/no.
2) Le commandement de cette 1.4gion de langue italienne(Companio,
74.1t1t ion ou r'6giment) serait oonti6 a mol msmo ou a un autro italien.
Lo Gouvernement des E.U. donnerait toutes los facilitationa
not4ssaires pour lient40 en Am6rique des volontaires italions damourants
n Ametiiquel du Sud cu ailleurs.
4) Le corps militsire do langue italionne serait sous le control total
de ltArm;o um4ricmine ot a in disp*hition dos Autorita militairos
amgrioatnes,
5) Puniforne des volontaires italions serait am6ricaine avec un
dlatinctif apecial, par ex un foulard rouge au oou salon la tradition
7aribaldtenne.
6) Leenr41mlent des italions soralt fait publiquemnt.
111
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At the meeting in Mrs Borlolo office on April 1
interdepartmental Committee Tor Voraign Nationality
P1ur,MriToole and Co/on Goodfellow wore milted to
Oseible from Colonel Paeciardi about how
104 Volunteerm Gould be expected for an Italian Logion#
On Mr, roolelo invitation, Colonel Paoolardi eame to
Washington on pr IL 4, and a oonveroation of mom length
took place betocon him, Colonel Goodfellow, Mr. Poole and
mysion
ftllowing some diocusgion of the outlook tor
Italian volunteers, tho suggestion wan made to Colonel
Paeciardi by Colonel Goodrollow that an Italioin unit migM
bn formed within the group or spocial troops vihich Colonel
noedrollow is organizing. Colonel Vacciardi wan told
thrit luch A unit would be part or the American Army, but
ttmt it nould be composod or Italiann And Italian-Atericann,
bill to Anl reA toge,thor and oommanded by Italian offioero
urido rwmAiwq ittlirricun commana# It would be pooaible lor
suoh M urdt to wf?er some diAtinoZAvo inoignia, mieh tia a
rod OurJhrIldilin ki4vohieq.
't wa irtimAttl to Colonel Paeniardi thot he might
bot.omr thn lmwtor of 4th a battalion or regiment (a000rd-
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44?
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a ht uotruire)? It would be
ed.at the outset us a
1 promptly promoted to the
Mat would be the highest rank authorized
nectss for 1034, tat,
s000nd 1Joutenedlt but'
r4t, or major.
under tho ptotiont aetioup, Meanwhile, Colonel Paociardi
Cr
could,bo engaged. ift 4 esil capacity to assist in recruit-
ing. For this he was offered pay and expenses but declined
anyth#14 (moot egponses
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arrangemont appeared to be satisfactorily con-
clude betwaen Colonel Pacciardi and Colontl Goodrellow,
tb4 P010 anA I ae.010 mediators; and interpreters, Colonel
1
GoodtelLpw aid ihwOdth respect to further business, he
alkd 111.9 atar ovoid hOdlo the language probloma
At thp conolm4ion of tha interview, Mr. Pool
pointed out to Colonel Goodfellow that ho and Goodftllow
had bean askod to come into contact with Colonel Pueolardi
by the Interdepartmental Committee of which Mr. Blatt) is the
chuirrian. Therefore, it would seem to be a neoessary geoture
or colixtorloy to apprise Mr. Berlol or Mr. liookl/Is in his stead,
of th utecuto ot the conversation paat had with Colonel
Paeciardi, Colonel loodrellow said that he would take this
hAl,n11 und he immediately telophoned to Mr. Hoskina,
Mr Rouklms volplled over the tolephonm that he would
o see Colenol NOOlgrat and it was artanged that the
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visit ghould take place almost at once. A little later
Mr# Poole spoke with Mr. Hoskins on the telephone and
1) ined what had tglkon plftces mr, Poole pointed out to
Hozkins th4tt here perhaps was at least a partial solu-
tion of the rroblem of An Italian Legion, Mt. Hoskins did
not readily accept this idea. He said that the existence
of the troopa in question would have to remain a secret;
thoreore he did not see how they could be made to serve
uny political ends, Mr. Poole remarked that the existence
of these troops could hmidly remain a secret. Thera was
public rocru1.ting and Colonel Ooodfollow had in faet said
that they could be paraded on 000Q8i0A (though of course
their particular missions would remain secret just as those
of othtr unii:s in time of war). When Mr. Hoskins indicated
that he wa til1 unconvineed) Mr. Poole simply remarked
that Mr. Hoskins would be seeing Colonel Goodfellow very
soon; that this was not a mate r with which he, Poole)
W43 comfornant in any authoritative way; that it waa)
indeed, pogaible that ho was mistaken; and that an authori-
tativc4 statement on the military aspect could be had by
Mr. Hoakins from Colonel Ooodfellow.
Yeatorday X received at my house a brief note from
it1 nol Pacolardi *nclosing a letter to you. The note
reads in trmnelations
:=a1K.1
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
f.1.7.4:371/4
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
"3 beg of you to read and to deliver to
Colonel Donovan this letter. Count Sforza i3.
entirely in accord with me and he has written
with regard to this question and others to
President Roosevelt."
The original of Colonel Pacciardi's letter to you
is attaohed herewith, together with a translation.
Upon the receipt of the 14tter, Mr. Poole spoke
with Colonel Goodlellow on the telephone and translated
to him the more essential paragraphs. He also telephoned
the substance of the situation to Mr. Hoskins. W. HogipSs
replied later that he had spoken with Mr. Berle and that
the latter thought it would be well to discuss the matter
at the next meeting of the Interdepartmental Committee for
Foreign Nationality Problems, which is scheduled to take
Timmy Dunn has been fully informed.
rApy to Colonel Cooafellow
op,
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
?MsTirri
?'-?' ? ':1.;;-;4:.":-.4
7; ? '?
? ?
, .
' .:-Aerier, le an I. aws f w.,bidding t he appointment Of .ati' Ea .1 ,4 ,?, a
.., ? - ', ' -, 'nt; ?.._ "D 'cl . ?
off leer , b v. t I woul cl. , -b e ab:1.o, almoSt itufFedi at ib ly to ad
.,
,.7--unce to the grade of Major. In the 1.miforin of an of:Meet's- I
.. ''''. lei rigi-, t to pr opri.E;andi ze for . a certain time, irWl?tin
, ,
ja o rk.11ow mo. ,These volunteers would have -to b?tirgiltli..: '
ttalionzl oven_ in reir,iatitiOts and brigad430
or s r laiss ion ?iyould be ,uorLL1a war -
11 diL'i,Lnet by nationalities, while makit
a 1st:: no trues tion, e t 1.14-;,r of rank or
1;o1d myself t:-.E!, it fll
cov_143, not I ve wcithcrit-j
ficiont narribr:r t.)f
pt.5cri,It4A
rf.ert,At
? - 1V.ir? Vb.
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At) t,',40titilAte04 4 payohologioal ,oxraptilvz.ror tho
7.114-,ICJI?1 0C tt.A.:1"y4 T11,(74 umAll" heap W6 00-J16 8-IVO tO
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witvx ibly-InAOU4s ;IPPCOrtarititli WCU14 14r6oly bo 400troyod
In Ituly4 Vflo liqtAithtticn or bhp Poroou ar
v?o, tiorvtIltiblow altd tYv ottuo or thp AXI Cat
i,41:v 4otluilmo amAIA or rxonb,0 mudtb by ItiallAud
%
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?olt swow yooporlits oouldb xplriboa
Lo .11(= 1,5r410 1)01110'11 laita milibAry din-
10 why to Aboolanly of no
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vtv tit:Luo v3:zte4,111; 1411.4 propcigondo publiqucavoo Dula
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f,vjr1 imooro ufto totia,T4 la vatow It litml)urUagao
Ml1tz,110,usrp4, 1.q)Ntit,-;g p(W 41640 4014000 do oorvillu.r6a14o
,e.vtt 1 ;fl oxplootT patoolueom vour 1.
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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14 CAI141. ltmtositu, aon
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Dour 1!1.114m6rique,!,
claStionJ 4-11 voo maiaborateurs iia'a nt iaiss6(o3poip'
bon40 pourvui jt we was permie CIO VOWS 6oriro pour,
A alten1 it woi Ot don ita1Iono qui %mu*
rAlo utiloa iA la euovro et eR c000ptent; vcAontairomInt tous loe
Uctorintion lulil ) ocilott wid dano ono altautton Ilioralo
4hnolto
1I I
il?cu;,!:qrti*,onsior 14 0Q1001117et agrOgr l'oxpreowlon ao ikeo
ell 14.d,
ral".41 .el"10.4,101
LL.,.;oloncol Ravdolfo Paextiardi
10.1e:n ,;oril?tnely:Lrat do 10. IariGudelntomattunate
4t,,?;11.14f-34"4-
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
;!..?..44,1-..t: g' " .1,,F.-::--0 r.r 11
. k .4 t :31. --=xt t?Te
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pubticAy,
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bo roirmit&ONLAhtiril '11'i amA:
thq followintkiiionot
!ho 3tatoi or Atuleas
onLitok : JoiAth
Amorloa4
c,tro.titi and t,bivor Tb4Wilh pom
ft miono.
itliflo prIlommiP in ladiA MotO 800000
(A i; c' tintifmAillat ItOurto hgvo alroady
tvcal tIrInt intf3 ZAdia with th0 oonoont or
thtl ftr4ti4h (i-int to i/oVr: oot thogo,
Among thi peigotWrm who hAvo Antaratiolst
[oaniat:6 ond Ant:1month.)
)ttrT'itit,1
All Ithlikn VO)untOurn MUftt
tOPatiOn or the WAP.
,
v W
olunro Prom Amarin rand
f,tt1.017, 11.4, iir. '4) Ilobo to bo statimiod somo-J_
qii,tf,o 211A tho *Old Eto&oo Nit. a aufaultInt -r,'
psp!ii,o lit mit-try training..
r18../
I 7. 4 et '1,1
r
k 1 r t
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10 Train/ vitoti to
0 W. Or the tAll4n
, ? .1 - 1, i4e doliontel tho %ribald,
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t..-
-
A ar,4110
1 1:
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11:47t; 1;0 cathere
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low 'W,Ag (:',4typ
d fitt
t1143Q4Adquhcixt
ti#
''omia4t4iii& ofthQaribaldt on should be
'31t?be1 lt every 1mpert4nv locality of'the
;1nited St4t,,As und other countries on' this
1-ofltlnati90 whfwo Italian oulonitm exist, for the
t. -
purpose c) rofTuitin4 and propagandae
-
r taan6. Tho United States Governmtint shouldi
it$ _e propftgamda ror the Le ion in-tkm press
and on thn rail.? and permit wel known,personagos
t6 organize public meattngs thr ughout"tho United
:3tetteg.
la104 Ultitad States &w arrant should also facilitate
widiftg propagandiato out4de this oountry (and
oNw.tidAlly to south America) from the committee
r tiGaribaldi Legion,
f2rilr!:4: The Garibaldilieglob would have
awl more forficasious politicalp mort.11 and
riltriry vrfect if emanating entirely from Italian
,kw4or, tho united States Government should
i.40r-1:4;4 ntricA control over the activities of
!,,t;1)h, its funds, its form of propaionda and
1-11::iintit its traininfo and upon all volunteers
wAlt to take part La the Login, whether
elnatod in the liklitad Utates or outaida#
Ti tht end, one or two personal delegated
bor the Untton Mates Govornment, should be in
perahnotti, contact with the Wgionts command for
tho Jgoilition of ail practical probloms tha4 may
ilital,pnn rithAut, ,,- 4 ,. 4&flJLL l. Th0
_
'Jr; q -ait66-1&ipernmel a el. tete-1;he necessary
rtfva with tho Brit$sh artd other AliiRd govern-
ffmntA in thf_t intoroat of the Oarilnldi Legion,
k/gptNittily tor the roomiting of volunteora among
TtAilan priaorirso
'? V./1" M/411!,0=a4r. "LIT4:114,
'
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of_
II
r
Thlo Lefreon
s
opyt%rtil'fte
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Wo %doh to add anoth6r,conftidorationt
-
At th@ Aumont of forma't1on a tho Gatiba10.1
Loglimp 'Ow Await= Govorpment muot. oolomat -
doolmeo that the wico it im wgiging is '
direl)toi orminnt 'Ow Italiwrs pooplOp bu againtit'
t'4no15t roglm3
thnto in connovono tho Amorioan Oovernmal
roKardg Aar tin a of tio Itallah popplv and
thAt, ht the (O1 1UI3ifl of tho wato torritorila
intogrity of Italye
Thth do0A4ratIon would plaoo th UibiULogion
lh 1,h4.5 projyto moral lighte
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CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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i
I
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AL POPOLQ NAPOLETANO,,,
Una nave i arrivatai?nelliz bola di Salerno, car/ca di viveri da
me ordinita per la gentedi Napoli. Su di essa vi sono:
800,000 kg. di
200,000 Rg. di Jaffe condensato
100,000 kg. di brodo concentrato
Vi sono anche settanta tonnellate di .farmaaetitici.
Pane per gli affrynatl, Mlle per 1 bambini, medicinali per gli
ammalati e feria, sono a vostra disp,asizione appetia ii porto di
Napoli e aperto agl'Alleati.
Questa nave 0 soltanto 11 principio. Ho data ?rani cite provvig-
gioni siano mandate ad intervalli L.golari. 11 popolo Sicilian?
oggi mangia bene grazle agl'alleati.
La sola rag/one cite voi ed I vostri barribM1 non ricevete viveri
e medicine e dovuta alla presenza dei Tedescal a Napoli.
Sc vol lasciate I Tedeschi dannegglare it vostro porta e regal-
paggio par/aria, cosi cite non Si potrd scar/care nel porta finche
ii datuto non sard riparato, le voste safferenv conlinueranno pi?
a lungo.
Per affrettare in vostra libe.razione e sfamare lr vostre donne ed
piccini, ribellatevi evitro Ia arannia tedesca. 11 Tedesco tr it vostro
netnico. Uccideteli. incendiate i lora magozini di munizioni, viveri
ecc. Tagliate be gamine" del lora automezzi &bate (alto cid cite
potete net porta e requipaggio portuaria.
Cominciate II Risorgimento Italiano.
Mil W. (LARK
'fent* Unertlo, Indio kit
DO OM d'Americe
tomaildante
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25.: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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.wm.rym
4g:tqaf
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eirt,
GorNwna tor halt
baci* MOW waft
thti poirimitott
axiinowtoot$rkWin 4
RAgOian fr47146 The oomo watch oonaidege that the &map done at Darlift?
by 014 1141F. is not in prOortien with the_ 14iam4i loosoo.
P
_
hnlit4 d
? ; '
tOri} tOttrilit $10,r0e,to
att ltattittl Ottrttiiihti OW vvry
stardar from Dorlini wo4 otruok
ifferttoe. toward tho officially
Irt 0. mar of the ooldiero to be oent to the
from Mod* Since the btitiniiing of the Iluoith eatipaign 1
tiArt,
_ vo $116414 duattighod 4 Thor,0 0 "i3 1?:13
714,1 oounlie:d, , in _hittnirep,did,
1111440 AO balr0 4
!Ic-iirtinit hreono rotutiliatix "'rim r
tUint Dor
, i-
boatardmotrt 'of borlin fift .c it
1* th414Ji#h who u1'4 inoreaeingl popular and'aine '- 041;1:14
oc . to4o41 olOn ar4 pimento doted the-1talich":'"
thalM$04ko ovrotont hao onermoua linilweacogki 1 ' 41 Ad ocouptod ,
Ftaueo thtmat ito 04aolott togrimt Ody big &mt. winhojp to oollabornto
with thq Dovmaile? Oorao otfiooro aad ooldioro' in th6 ooltKpied countrt000
emi if magrioa, mei htsvo ki honopki wboa, A1$0 yoPig Oilman women told
etwoo 411 'um, 01,14ron votioh 66 talon from thorn At birth dnd Dont to
eirlst wyrnal ror inntanon, i' the Pelt Offioe ahd othor onrvicoop Mt
Nrmury toj7o br,JMOt lip by the State* fecottiadosimetAkess
tdoltgth In spila tag thin tov rootriotioto aro to he modaAhortly? Tho
tly r0,41uved taxi, If, - , ;io B
let (.4 lubriaants iS 00;44110 dee earn. taolc of gcoolinp Imo
vrtIr, tho Oorman t e very, 4 rt tiro duo to going through
on tho C$13-mon rallrotdo tho pidoetgor traino allOodflood to a
,-- .
l[t It 000mo Vat on tho guseian
4
ii I , ' " 'i 1 I t;:a. CI ibt a '' tiOti 1 Itilda4hiV4: Th4 ti4,51 ;potion io getting ,
3 ; :?'L. - ? + CL' 1
TM ii U-Matitin,,L.4Irn014330M has beton? rather romp 4
4shotw:;4 !illo'001#*0 filid 43060410 dzong'000upying trOopo aro Ivory tourrys
NiiPc6,r;114,7 In ?iangary, Auktaia and Bulgaria there io general dinciontont -
1,01 to tii i0 ihoromine# 40PoPularo Ad to an ftOtt 4
agO.ne TIArkosy, A4V4 to vim ciontftdiattnitl: "hira it; will not
thp 4.,:etniT, bqt POTNO ooriouo intormors boX440 0 ?rigid is Immluantr
., ,
Clam, la *men talk 4r the anti of ti d teOht00 ,.
.0 .
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450 -
4FriTg-MIERIN
IFY7 __PAPPARg
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RuP13X00001R000100450007-8
'fitt tatilmitte
.'-eowkoor. 40* tei 4114 tgif )ailatat :73
RoIstlat. betwiaa lt*.liM
trmwo tU.00lll on both oleo:tt tt 'artoigt vOitrivitimm crostafii..
?if Jowls t ignitor 4g74. gat*, olothingt. ratoriulj4 ett1.4tuOaSted:
th# clIxtipitt*7 towards Otornms lovarrit 44 Otlitag OiroINV
Thrlullunt the couritcy kato the.a0iesmis,W4 Atad-mero and t4r92,
Ifrom Ur* slcuroos Coat ours), Tho1Uaro vititiva
eiorationtionisi.
kr= a rop6I soltros4 Important wean ft,Tf exvoctod tn Gomm
ile,14Ntt 20 and 25 Ootoberi hAd 001w5 or ev-14n a copairn apinst CoYnth
nt hoOnning tvf nItt month,
3ourc-07 roturnld ?mu Creeit two 'dtys ago4 The Serbs (armed
tmni,) .@em t-of bfa on verl pod ttrOA stth Itralon troops Co.: 000UptiOn and
aro 041) imetprohensible and liostaa mrt egainat ovorything Croat nn
wipteitaly Gorman. Traoku und eali in the etrootli aro not molested
thny eft-ry thA. Italian ring Ohieh ovcryena flies v:cazibIy. Groats and
G*rmana urNc. utopiAlli by thlwe Yugosla7 purtims and masscered. Germane
carvleA go t the townii except in aroloo or at lout two or throe or
thely nr11 Tho Povolio Government hms intliodmoed a regime of
toinvr. Arrostc follow44 by exoeutionv wro the order of the
day. Thettc mthtary atbani to tolerate and ovon, proteet these Sorbian
banJA.
Som.?, crvi information not Onsokmdt At Viterbo thero have been
:innaldo and, other tNrle. Detailo looking.
Latag-1:.31,11LagValataL*
ou-oe jollrnalist OOTMJ rrom Hungary a month as() b.ton in Poland
tnl TIttet thmgkriana dotent the Germans. On the Rupeitn front
thom tiro rLow 10,o00 Vungariana. Aa a coneovonoe of Horthyle vaait to
Hitaorth w411 hav4 to 4ord 100,000 moro xnn.Bramohitooh is oaid to bo
in Titt"4!nrivi c-opnr1ng thigt Turkish cazpaign.
Sourofli 19.1t On th* Auo,vip front thoro are said to be 130,000
3, Two at;rAhott. 80,000 . 1 000,0M.mon to be cent shortly.
Rnarding propaganda in Italy$ I will send you uore detailed
suKozticw,$ in a daya. In pple "Naos And thus broad and food and
oNArythine that VA4 4:ountry leeks beoamLe of exports to Cormanyi The
lrenumoetbill Otimmon touriats and others lino on thic oommanis reserves, buy
p arui rot-4 with volualoon Englovl arid rho LIUMe hoar
to hotrod `4,varitti Ittalan people."
In msiu or bombardment, usx, . t.1 _ A*, no proof of strength and
domination di tarp kilt* at prosent otrii y to militarI objeotives in all
par%m. it3f thol oolintry. The hatrod of the Oran o whioh 10 motor than ovor
pult not bot)ome toI,Orthobitie" envoi/illy einem the sympathy of the people for
t1,4. it LAI arming. On tho Imo? {motion I will give very reliable
1.tforuatira.n at .13,rc6n4 of tbis month. It 14 to delioate a question to rush.
.11
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25I': CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
W.9114fP
. 2 .
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25
: CIA-RDP13i00001R000100450007-8
4
That= Division for Russian front postponed fte to pliblio opinion
which is against osopsign.
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.77
7:171:',41A
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000-100450007-8
tho Won P:oaideAt
4,4t
th M4 frcM tlorltnt has prevented veho
tarrat ,ttion vrao rather prei?Gorran
*ow ue leo a cow= viotorr? olaAms that Russia
hao teen an* r demo thAuRa to me offleors of tho
loperial Argy (thero aro 70 et them). Ile *Inflow) Somposenihoff tnd
says thst TOtossanko is not Bolnhavik* Tho Jesuits have had tho same
intarmation6 The Duke bolieras that tho RoUhswohr will noon tato over
weer i* &maw: and thet it will aloe be tho Arm that will ovvrthrow
tho Nemo in Ttalyt In this mos tho Primo of Piodmont would b000mo
lava. The Germano told him thAt the firnt month of tho war in Rusola
oeot them 100.000 ann. Ro bolioveo that war a int Turkey wiLL bogin
at tho 410 or September.
Tho peematto are hiding their whoat for tear of requisitinge
The loAk of raw matetials Ms making it very diffioult to fininh
or oonstruotion,
The warehipe that loft on 3 September loft from flembartato
Up to the moot I have not hoard that tho Italians boo sold ships to tho
Oormanv
but it is oortmin that there aro Gorman ?Moon and tailors or) tbe
Ttaliati *him, (=opt the oubm4p!meno The Germans are mooting the
civilian popatation of Payburg, 10,000 wealthy Hamburger% aro to bo oont to
tkrano.
Ylom Po3on4s The Prelates Pradayeski and Taooao aro deado The
prlont PAM in la Daoho, Ir Poonania all Polioh women over 14 years
of Ago it wortc in the faotorieo.
Declassified and A roved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
*
C
"
61 , 4 . ?
- .
,
't,411;Cite
? 1. ..
i.t :EVA'
?}. ' * '.', ? I.' ,j
? ,3' 4,c,f, 44-... 4 0 ,. ,,1-...- 1 e,.....: ,1-1-1:,,ti A:it
$A .414. 'lit t .t? . -tr ..yr ? '-' --r- -- ,..,:,d,'..:-,_7"
, ? I , t 4,? , ''' 6r4,--t_F?tej,,i?;4t. '11 t ry r
, ? ,-,,A. $
` -, . .;.1. :g 11 1.?',' If:-
? ,t.tr :, to-it ., . .... ?., t: ?rg?I'
. i 7 ? t? ..
, ? ,, it 7t5 t?
p .
3
SAZIVIIVrt
? k
Attached is a co
)
ottb?
erw
4 1;
thm CountessPec1.-811int *dab *Ott tad in mind
sending to Secretary Norgeztthaua
tAst. ??*,t
(????=0;
--rnf
-
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
Britt
ticulat
She stapiet
t,P
?erof 0'14 titr*tlY pro-4_
-10,11oCracy as iwb,ON1:1 pgr7
,
:T171,
ALul
*gut - she bad-tillAbe Duke of,
.c4 I ? 4
?.4e?bitteriyTimerifctitis ap
pointm4nt as -Xing *f Croattolind that he-htta4,6en forced
c-
into this against bis wIll by Mussolini and intended to d
lay his departure as long as possible.. This did not sur-
prise the Countess as she had known him to be extremely
British in outlook.
She also know the Dowager Du*ness of Aosta and said
that he was the only pro-Fascist member of the Royal Family,
its she had, for ?otiveli of perso4i-iibition, supported the
l'aso sts from tbe beanning with 0i#wito securing the
Italian throne for her :son insteakof, the Crown Prince. At
one time she bad.very nearly Succoioded4msecuring her aim
in view of the Crown PAncets bad relations .wth the Governn general the Dowager Duoheirt of Aosta is considicer
Von Xackonsen, thelasrman Ambassador was very unpopular
oms oho said, and hardly ever appears in public. Lately
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
,
rag
: solar
1" .743 't3X40
knownP,
at
1,4 ? ,
e
!It
WO a
.4;
Ortallt
r,A)'
'ruts 0b
. ;
en, the 7oeiijfl 1-
'WOO of Wour
, ,
aliti has now appav
., 44 1 l. ,
,. ,
, ii 0Vna etcoci an4gpak, ::i4kbain
4
, 4
061164 AllOa Valle 40 hi4-44cciono v
4
A
40 1401'000;inue to be ailourOs-oti,anxiaty to his
WL
h .
e ? I.
I
;411.
J4
his amor
vailadv$sortf.
- the c11tbated men are
4.
iontUr tolck, would rejoice it somebody assassinated
'who tro considerepyeitreiii*dangerous even by
: .
,p0r4t0 7001040 Thi Cou1440 '"14Wihe Pope and said that
ix 04' tor the present'si* likas ht had hoped to act
? T
among the average Italians,
-dna 4ntorlandi and, ac-ooririg to the Counted,
f
e.e
tot
te, Utormodiary, together with President Rdosevelt - the
Othough abeolutoly antiooliazi, has all along hoped
peace as soon as possible and hopei that the United
Os ytould maintan neutrality for the reason gilion above.
$ knew a number of Cardinals and said that all were
111002
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
j
241/11v '4Irit,/lr, go was moit important,
?
t
41ritish,:shoulailpress on the Italians
b`.t, 4 ti,
that our aid tof,*saia'imift purely military, and that Britain
,
did not support Communimiiik
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
14) I havol,
the latican LQgot to
irit*thtivititine IZt o
Lisbon to ,
Oats of *sat f. ? ,
they 131ve been kfteicitoilt,
teat of 001404,troppa n4 8
Do. we hoe alif"Infotiaek
giatiort thore s*g.ht bet
on the :olio bailie.
FrrlY3
ZIL
r
efib'
qt-LZ
, 2) ?blothor question thaV'tt
ii th.11ii$ conteitplatecl%ir-
*hat derenselivr al!, she
tb1s1 Do you Imo* toyti%;ag about 1
skees?
:543'
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
Declassified and Ap
cirr-:
roved For Release 2013/09/25 ? CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
z-P
it( chief "office bo" In Roma-Oilexido, a men of thirty-fivet.i$
elericel and antl-facist. Hee elneere in his bit:teethe/mous (=tempt of t?p
church, peasionate in voluble tirades againat that evil man, Wasolini, w
with his master, Hitler, he "made me pay three lire for this muok paradt
as food which yeers ago 1 wouldn't have given to my deg.". But Orlando _can
work Sundays: he must go to mates because "if I dont -- I feel badly."' And he
muat be excused from work to attend all Fasoiet meetings becaese he livee:in
terror of the "'confine.
Millions of Orlandos in Italy -- a country whose social structure has
beet and is familial and humane rather than national and abstract -- depend
03 direct, personal, "paternalmleadership. They get it frOm the Fascists.
By default! Beoauee the "men of good will" didn't fight to win and hold
leadership when they had the chance. Now those who didn't have the guts for
"war in the piazza" go patriotically to death in their enemy, "MUssoliWo
war".
Orlando doesn't much care who wins the Germans or the British; the
Iealians, he knows, have already lost. He's interested only in "when will it
end?" He wants to be able to feel it will really, be an end for his time.
Orlando's ourrent attitude toward the British war machine is contempt -- "they
failed to cone through." He hates the Germans, but his fear and respect of
their mlletary maohine steadily increases. However, he has watched the "sample"'
construction of Germany '0 "new order" in the wake of the army; he recognizes
that what waa e "universal". idea in early Faso tot polity has become in latter-
day Nazism merely fanatically narrow "Germanise bloodily superimposed on
?thee peoples. It can't develop, can't last, can't solve any problems and
Orlaudo As beginning to beoome aware that the "more German military victories,
the farther away the day when we can again live as men."'
About America, Orlandeo notions somewhat resemble his attitude toward
the Church. Currently he curses America'beoaue "you rich people only make it
last longer, make us sweat and starve and bleed while you, safe on the other
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Yr
1
'364 air- -
Declassified ano Approved For Release 2013/09/2500001R000100450007-8
-
-
side of the world, preach 813=011-St"c Yet he has an almost instinctive, ,deep
respect for at power -- to taloa and to break -- of America. Propaganda has
failed tcb impair Lis admiration for the American people, his faith in their
essential humaneness aed aloofness from the old world's petty bickeringe.
Orlando ean't understand. English or French, he doesn't dare listen to
Italian languapp broadcasts from England. Yet he -- and literally millions
like him -- are way-stations on elaborate "grapevines" whioh do regularly and
constantly, get the news from London. (American stations are almost entirely
"blocked out" by "Jamming".)
As another winter has started with more suffering than was expected
as the end seems farther end farther away -- the Italians react first as ordi-
nary human beings accustomed to hardship but passionately eager for the simple
comforts of normal life, hating pain, treasuring life as a good, an end it it
Then they react as patriotic Italians who fear for their homeland.
Later, much later, they react as Fascist, .or anti-Fascists, as Democrats.
Finally as friends of freedom, justice, morality, which to most of them are
remote, abstract formulae.
Intensely intelligent, Italians react favorably to Anglo-Saxon broad-
casts because they recognize their foundation in objective fact, in truth.
But their reactions are essentially passive. Broadcasts from London deliver
body blows to theil. conception of the war as truly national and to their con-
sequent patriotic willingness to "see it through" at any cost. Still they
dread what the Germans might do to them and to Italy too much to dare to react
openly, materially. So broadcasts directed to Italy are ineffective if they
merely emphaeize Italian sufferings, point out abeence of suffering in the
Antilo-Saxon world. To have any effect, such broadcasts must be specifically
and unmistakeably American; they must be transmitted from such places And in
such manner as to make them really audible. In material, they must contain
trustworthy information which will make the Italians recognize Anglo-Saxon
power as actually, materially, more fearsome than the German variety! And,
In this contexture, power is specifically military.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450 -
217,4M=f
A'.11;eseig
?
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
? ,
- 0-,
ee?ee
OrA'Pene-ikormitionw1i?h .0e4 be conver?d
eekeee- - .
to the Itelialle amount to otettiaati1rels4,'etearing- 'in-fight.ing"tih.a ,i)rizb fight -
-
but only a hard actual military will start an internal movement df
-
rebel-
lion. "Propaganda", not followed, up by action -- military itotiOn'?will Mere--
ly send a groggy Italian people reeling into an embrace with the Gel-n*118..1- If
the British could keep an expeditionary force, or even a good sized. landing' -
party, for only twenty-four hours on Italian soil, the effect would be. terrifie.
If the British dared destroy by bombe some "historic monument", in Flerence;
Venice, or even in Rome, Italy and. all of conquered Europe wo4ld 'inally under-
stand that the British have seen the hand-writing on the wall -- the iyar to be
won, must be fought "seriously".
War, real war, must be brought home, literally, to the Italians as well
as to the Germans. Caught between fear of the Germans and greater fear of the
Angio-Saion world, the talians will begin to at ? against the Germans.
In that action, leadership can not come from the bankrupt compromised
men of the old order. For example, in the Royal family, the only individual
likely to have a following is the Duke of Aosta, who really fought. Any rebel-
lion agalnet Germany will have to be led by yeunger army officers, anti-Fascists,
luke-warn, Faec tete, or "honest" Fascists.
England, except as the agency which by military action precipitates the
revolt, cannot and shld not figure. America should -- but not merely as
"friend. Df freedom". Rather, as a free peopll who cannot practically, materi-
ally, selfishly, continue to exist freely, or even as a people unless it helps
other peoples to emancipate themselves in their own ways from the one great
enemy -- the conquest-hungry Ger= military machine, opening nation after nation
to t ie locus te of the new German order which can destroy everything useful and
vuce even more efficiently than the German army can fight.
044
, -
24%,114- 112.225. la "
k
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r-VAT-11;%.?14.4.01a!:7',:44q
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
1-;;
-T.47b4,*r!FL-xa.--41410.W'--rqi3p4
0.1:1
mwo.gtionlietasktAwaimitaw.ONENIMPIMMOMMBIONSIONV
Sopt. 16, 141.
IXALd AR,MCA.ADVX:
'rho mii.y notiaeablo ohango in Italian activity during
wovk han boon a niight inorcatio in night bombing
or-rc,iono tn the Libyan desert. Theo operationa have boon
clrried out 14 mall formationa of 3.79'g or Br. 20's and
hAve bqon directed againw. targetm in the Tobruk, Mom
Matruh and ii trrani areas.
Day 011.,nvivil swoopti it thin theatre have decreased,
one oniy UoIng reported when some G.50'n nttomptnd to
mrwhine gun MiTe
havo patmlled at night over Tripoli ana
Ronghozi; not mere than two to throe aircraft appear to be
ult)d fInd no intorcoitiono aro reported.
.11111 ncaLe bombing attacks by day have taken
piacv ovor gyprnA, and on ooveral ooensionn during tho weok
boriN4rg oi -rated over Malta at night, without doing much
dama. Tho Urgent formation reported consisted of 10
uiromIrL, probtibiy Pr.9.0'n on $ h nht or tho 5thiGth.
Thrwl o! ihwlo WOr0 ;Ihnt down by Rurricanon,
divo ilomh?rJ torl'edo-carrying aircraft
iLly In cf,t,;1114, sion with Corman mtwhinoll, arc) r,Tortod
h,./t? ro.i)IfiltoonFirlf.inh t;hipritip in Lho
. prui It; r 1:,h4? It:11 CirLlrnfl of damage
:wo uoconfLrmed.
',4kL -9.4xt
!f'"..-V?tle*
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
r-M1.;.T4,-TtER'4g,
? ,da 47-5;1
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100456007-8
allatearPMFAXIMPOWIRMIRAVAiNtihirt...Piwoursomur.
It is notimlablo that, whore hithorto joint Italian=
(4kman fii:htor oacort has boon provided for Min oporation0
tiuch thoso, the wort on one or two v0004 000kplons
ha3 omliAted paroly of Italian M.200%
E200 Italian difficulties over fuol supplioo in
Lioyft continuo. From nuro source it in loarnod that tho
rvi;ont trannfor from Tripoli to Benghazi of oortain fuol
aupvlifm haa no doplotea the availabl% stooka at tho formor
t1i3t, av 2:sato tompomily, only fi htor activity in
TripolitAnin is pormittod.
It11146 aircraft aro Wine, tramforrod from AIN:dna to
th14 Ploonti artla. Thin fort) h4m now arrivod at Ito naw
Ntne ntld IA roportod to oonoint of so fightorn (M.900's) and
00MQ 1!-) trnanport and Army Co-op. manhinoo (Cit. 1L). Tho
proviow roport tilvtt nomo lonft, rang bombors, in addition,
wooe to movo may colt() pomnib4 be inoorroot. At any rte
no luch aircraft aro known to havo trannforred at tho timo
of wriLine?
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
Declassified and Approved
? ,47; -
fr4-"11- 1."/ &Orijpi ,
o-11:-71:;-4--4Mi;nallairecW
a
For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
,
t
? ft
: if4 44,
?. , .?
? e,?1.???
? a, - .6 - 4- ?
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4,4! ? ? F., . .
tL, a ir
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R00010-0450007-8
71
THE. SECRETARY OF' THE NAVY
wil,e1.4twtoroN
August MI 1941
?
Mr dear Bills
Enclosed hereurith please find a confidential
letter fram Captain L. X. MCNair at Etat) MI some copies
vhich ere attathed.
Personally, thitle the bulk of the material
in thtw. is old stuff and vould only have news value if
supported by a big man. Perbs(ps, hoverer, it may be of
some value to yon. If you. hare any further use for
material from this source, Ituggost that you communicate
the vith Captain Mortar.
Colonel William H. Donovan
RDOM 247
State Department Building
Washington, D. C.
-sLic'f;
Z-17.11, WA&
MA,
meamftelmowitiftmemrieMPMERMMWMMOO t7;-%
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
..7
r
vaarmwmeztievinamMtiOnit,
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25 ? CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
VKg ISEN
_ hiwymailiffellegganWainnwaumikrommemplemm......,"
p.Avs,tr4 6; VII V**
k 3.%
,
A ci OIL 4N KM 11 A
foy flee. cot, tint NAVAt:, ATtA01?11
lionot4ble Friatk; /box*
alviretory cif the NM*
N.ovy Deportmento
Wohinatout 041,1
itiqlr Mr. asorotary
ft
M ti
10410
er.
tilueo my arrivill for duty in Italy I hatrati#0-trY 00 to tin4 49114
:0 4 woU4700 which could give ua the trath,aboat what is going on i
tha Faeciat Regime to the on this% ouch truth might DOOsiblYYPO
tt.feimius poiople in *merino, and particularly ItelooAmericsnm Recentl
tieved word through a aubterreneelf channel that a prominent Italian la ,
?glom to 000 me. 1 arranged a mooting which was qui1e secret, and he to:
2.10 4!htat events ttting woo within the ranks of the party and v4hin ItaX
itacif. While 1 ctunot mantton his name here, be le Moil ()X standing in
It6ly. tAows orecivally the verioun Fascist officials, and io in a position
to teli the trilth about the attitude or the Italian people.
enknd him to prepare a paper which Wight be susceptible of uoot
act c/4Lly in th* Unit d Statoo for the benefit of Italoi-Ameriaane, but also
1.,,Itw.y for bromiceatiag tc Italy itself, The paper he prepared is into
40rowith, It hue been translated by our l'ffice here and is a more
loAs rohdoring. Yor uoe in the United States it might possibly
tIKtO 1.0 be amoDthed up gomowhet*
44 f*.t1 ymantir know the American public wail. I am taking the
ry orsesSios thin direot to you for oenolderetion*
The wathor ot thto meta vounhe0 for the truth or the statements
EIFte la roody and willings without 'pal to furnish {additional material not
ror proynaftud4 parposeo but or a poXitioal onA possibly military anA naval
ikr re
111 41110NoetiNg how guoh ft paper should to presented to the Ammtioan
i 1cit Ifts brenbu out that of cause his no could not be used in connec-
tson with it while be was etill resident in Italy, but %t wee suggested that
1.-)11 ;realated La the rota tt 0 manifesto coming trma welloplaoed Italian
(,----tvorimat with the evelate which have 1x'epirai n Italy anrih8 the 1,4011 00
?bare tad one rte unitrittenda the mentality and present ntutO of mInd Of the
purAlation of this etuntry.
--:"
__ _ _
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- -
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
A 1,4 144 E ? IR s S Y
wr lc -rnic IV411 TA-Cif
0 14
-,%1411t apat%r aai illerint at the conduct, of the war imA rear of Germany
ia Italy ta seen on awry side. Iblivlduals whom Ihave
-rflbbrOVO aave come to ma aud made agtonishilks atatamoats tibc4t
.ndfzime, snd th6 morale haroo The pathetic thlais about it le,thet
be no one individual strong enough to diroOt thespeOplo in
rst-y perneet laaire to break anay frail OermaiLy. Thai() 110:0 quactionv
t 'hvrn viparilt aocietios foaming with the hop that a 0000estui
ct3 engineered during the time that ari,palauy iWitallY 000u-
- 214*4518. Mese group) have not as yet bosom !Nay ergalizo4
Jer,IrDre, not yet dangerous to the Rat, but the oattObk: is bocoatA3
.:.?Jti*rable every day,
11.1411f.du41 .eomoorned has signified Us milliagnesa to came to the
4itea to (waist in the praparatioft otanti4isoist publicay =Mor-
o:- radio or I told MIA that he could probably be of ntort value
cause by remaining in Italy and keepiag us up-to-date on events&
- higheln pommel regards gad betot vishost I am,
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8 ,
:RrEt.
Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
ittlluo AWIrteu
eEDVOrttli eftn
f tit 1,;:rry ow bie se,%01 I
7.% .1,4rommlcta torWassv 1Prt. ItritAmote
13
Llmax. uptrituil tad S41340041,
tpm*twik 4miettnt In this Torioi-et
atetue or Amariea md the w010pq
.rk7 plfted ill 4A nap:rot-table )4411W4,
-4.-Atriort%
-ems vegeao vita h in lireletvd to yeusI1t41100444$14-011W:0
rrNuoal prosAggin44 neeollos 4* WIWI 04 havili beoeme actuate% 4
vmOlt Tof4 yebril Prom the reSto breadealts or, the whele v6P14I4
IrArmttz,41 ingonuouo emptivt ri ratts ankt'oorious th
.?
%I ll pre,%ent to you *ay a Paslietio and, es ter es a4b104 Ob:
t,79 W4.-IkkAt a!t pere Fetal= how being &Metalled
- 4 blitatriag WaV whieh throaty* to let tor illeStrititile
P4 tifol 191n, to 4 November* L118, liberal .ltelv uow Little Allay
m-..4attollat741 like to ea 'lofty* Mought ala heherable war ,
7,-15A,414 tha
it Vaetern PaNars, having es en essay On* g the atrongeet
gInd watt *milts mates or the warla* Thgt worl, *kWh wee.4*,And ber4,
in viotorr tor nay * Italy torthy or the iteoper4Ohoo:and the
mmently nttninod by her 4Vms, Worthy to take her p(100'imem the groat
- Dimon. The anfertunate episodes et,OnteretIP 1$144410 4ateou or
helo thoroughly. exao i toil by our eritiOiat 'Nero Ion .00411 tioapeneotod
by our tonecioue and :10rolo ronistctoe on the Piave vitt00* the invader
--I Lield by a otelo nation in AVVAO, and by the decisive Ding ronAll the
ei-Nz/ et the battle or Vittorio Veneta, whioh toneeerated the 00,00602 of
11,,11g0, ellAse
About beat a century or emaamieall7 sato llte ot continuous mnterial
apiritnel proarese, undor a regtme Of llbOrtyplrOltOd the young rtallan
wi3O the no:mega:7 energies to seoomplish this OnOrmaie inktk?
A lIttiO lose then go yeetra heve pt and Italy is mein et wer, this
qt Aldo of Uormany and agninet het old allies*
Aport rrom all other ocnolderltions, we ean 006 the oonditiong under
fpsoisit end Muoaollni - the arbiter of the dootinioe (0: the Natiot
Juvelve4 en in a dangerous adventure, egaiftet the wiu or the great
Qt the peoplo.
Without going into the hintory of the Hegira), lot us AUM up its mord
a tev
auppreasion Of the Constitution, with the passive oomplielty of the
eouse wIlloh, es a pledge for its own good oorduoto overt ow:pouted to
016 tervgation or the 4alie LAW Of ettooession to the throw. On the death
(?r Oodirintin of the in the Orund Paseint Counoil in empowered to mprove
144? tho NuA0180S*4 of hie nnturn1 haire
aupprweinn or ladividusl liberty of the people bi the ihatitution et
apeielel tovolationary tribunal) pormaneutly 14 easSiOA eVeig in ttme Of penoes
prOmuleciWn of e asw lAW or rublio Ssourity giving the pelloo prgeti-
tU'ualimitqq; pawero which are used snd Owed vithin tbo lialte or the
,,414 beyond, Thereby any person OA be arbitrarily orreated and hol4
;:riAon far _I;2 krIflotentinate period without any explanation, tot tO
ccit tbo C41505 ct aaltroatment and frowaently 60)104 torture to whieh priu
CM&
Ji Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
I SEM
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
Eassimpawm
*4-5-Arsi
L?
C4
.,1040C;
-,,zsup4V41,11.
;--44-41?r-stan of ?reed= of the 71,0
VtiA severity oo to be ridieulCuo -
* amm01414 tba Winistr7 ot
aut pablialtodt of theatriaal and movie prO4
wiaallostatifte) Ilna4 the winos or genius ha
stv hiva aa4 had one si blot literary
atotilm,
.1
Dhs progreselve formotiot of a plethOriC 134r4400Vact 6;0 44007 Cum.?
t,e214M4 vadexpamovva .4'10* suoini with kts tO4tnOlge the litt/o blood loft
An ut, Lapove lehed orgaAlam or notional ocona4Y4
;natal.lattaa of c centraljnin oorperOiTe ayetam, osee!Vially ugo3cao-
? 1 created for the exolusive pupae OV extOnding the powers of the diso
eitor4hip lato ell 1Draneh48 of notional produOtien and to direet into a few
iauclo the r'ruits of italtaa labor - graVar 40014046 camerae, and anal amd
.41uta iudaatrY*
VI
te criterion Dr compevence iu aeleeting men tor political posit/ono
? p4o000 of sammand has been completqly bandoneds Only the merits of
remciat and even more of being acceptable to the disponaors of
? 4t4 0410 live Sn the shadow of Mussolini, are counted. Those unfortuna-
(?, L, are not members of the Party, are axeludad from tha life of the
ragardleas or their personal value or national merit and put in ouch
1 tion as to be unable to earn an honest liveliheed.
VII
10 glAUT110,0 themselves aganst any possibility of surprise, even though
t664 stnt to have the enthutioatio approval of the population, the Rastas
;:,k,lalalas its own stroni adlitis, under the direct orders of the moo, re-
.:mitea, tor Y,ne moot pertt from the scum of society. Militiamen and offioers
? vali e4qipped and welt paido but have d oastrated on various ?cessions
thuyar better fitted to torreriso an unarmed pt:pulatioa thnu to fight
reel wIdlore la a rest war.
VIII
azti-foreloaf insolent. und aggressive policy, contralti% with the
attorel ktridness Jt the Italian people toward their guests, has prevented etur-
ii* the ).amt far yaArs, fcreign tonriota from coming to Italy, Ninths the
L;,a:ist inaviatr) a$ oDe tims so prosperous. Thie Rane ipolisy4 ignoring the
1.t1 intereets of tlio Willow; of Italians abreact hes created for them a
:-,? :ate position, rendering always more difficult thetr relations with the
Intrida which ileve glum thta hospitality and has LedlIced many to break all
t.4. vitu ?ie mottpor co4atry, and In additlont the Cmisratior4 acOcsuary for
:,virr-pcpulatt4 pozir couhtrYt and a 001000 Of richest hal boon impeded.
12
Situ the faciot Party th,4ro Las baon fOrMed a etate within a state.
44 .=IfiurY Provinco t40 tsiorel crotery controls and hindere the wort of the
leg.tbil centers the poli%ical secretaries hold up the rich and
t: on:r in o *5uSti cattier tc. elostve17 which recalls th, globe earvento
kia416 Aelvi, since 13ter14a4. miegratton ond the amvemdnt tawar" ?I?
. 2 .
4
?
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001 Roam 0045nnn7_R
1
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stkwalwarraiiimartms,IMONEMMili
Declassified and A proved For Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
- 7
A.4
4-
Isk341 41t
of 11.* LeAm6t
ltqp seiar of the workers
tr, lay othAv aounuT La larty04
vseult4 lt*Iy1 utile the high
v.1._.17,tastic Salaries viblch tbdoy take esi
ifi4tre of tommity ed of the tarrerizet 811,0
It Ls me Iongar she time wh.
74 Court Of tie iiienate, a few yetri bet0
tsi. a mars 400000 li whi
re ch be had Chet0on bu4& at
ft'yr the new satraps of faecism ar* no lonaer OopUnt ckatip.
np.:kn mililonsi teat stiumeleeel,7 arglAlro 11140.14W.0000 and in
- %ethic show eV their amerseus fortmnes V1$?h ftt.C17 kr? been, Ob .ained
u
':.cf oriminal operstiOntis
XII
ht
? ,
;Past fault has the Italian people inal 'thais? That of not-havint
?
If we were still In 3.848 in the'days of?5atrOet barricades,
would have nePsed to exist louse-ago. lut-ii&w.;With tanks and avia-
popular upristngs have become -impossible. ,
t
The very numerous and carefully organized police force neclecte Ommon
f:rutinals but keep the political life of the nation under each control that
if three suspect persons meet twice in suecession, the police ierp?amytly
.Afommed and takes ;Ile drastic comps of which we have already spoken.
XIII
"I'though it could avail itself of all the resources of the country,
.re Regtme, with its -....aekless expenditures and wandering of the public
ruz.481 quickly exhausted all the gold reserve.
XIV
:c tla,ther the plans of a megalomaniac, poor Italy has had to finance
.1 the Fascist movements artifically created in various countries of Europe;
qr moaley in England, that of Degrolle in Belgium and above all that
-1tier in GermAnyt at well ae other Lesser ones.
XV
Thou; always intent on well-doing, Mesolini meant by the Sthiopian
cempsigm to deal a mortal blow to the League of Nations, a young organization
wboss functionine, at still far from perfeet but ehich had the not unworthy
aim of safeguarding the peece of the world. Only a few years before, and
against the opinion of thgland, the Duce had insisted that Ethiopia have a
place
at Geneve. When Haile Selassie wee crowned Emperor, the King of Italy
sent s prince of the Royal Houne to represent him and conferred upon the new
thf, msAimum honor - the Collar of the Annuziata, whiehmaltea the.
t -1.oueic of the &lug". shortly afterwards came, the aggression en
tb.e sr,:)tes,us pretext of the Wel...Wel incident.
:11141 ^Lissinifts Iftmpelgn which was the cease o: so much ill in the world
wallah Xuascilini igitged all the forcee of the nation, it one of the
typicbl axamples of his atatty, his cynicism united with the greatest
,.Kqt of ,rudgement tne most creas ignorance. He not only made others
':.leve but reeliy Wieved himself that Sthiopia was a kind of Eldorado, rich
IL 14, precicIle antela ftn4 raw materials, end also imagined that he could
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP13Xonnni pnnninnAr,^^-
Iftr
?
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
lne 40401401. Ogaipt4 tam ietiOn ttantion Wee to
rt*tieatsil 1U J$iI natitIL ftth girt ot a long eiltla. wet 111
,; zi-orrerit. *At cm loath Ljtoed,' taZi WA by thin tu01,44'410-010'
-0. only kr4ows The toote have alma that it earsed us Oacitlr Ooth
411 magoolini, who a* net satisfied Illth the mount et We& be
hv,4 az4100d to be taladl =ids p ts with Einar, ttrat ocer*tly and theliapinly,
in i'440 %lama intention of etarting the world. war. The Italian Wad did
An4I %tot oad avovo all mike and le made& by the German alliance* ter
.atorlool reasons thot you knew.
ftt 0 gloiay 1414 4ontlnuOud propaganda had, 10 4i0 alseet everYono
itf atriet dierIpliset veocism had male th'e na ion feared end power-
1 nod 14iliteri17 very strong.
Howovor, italy 414 not tramodiately antithe war on Oarmeny'o aide but
tole Mb/4%MS formula of non-balligerence, invented by Muumolini.
.Ateo, whc mill know tbe weakness of his cards, perhapa shrank from the
(Iccornpiieshod tact. In may case, ho waited until France waa agonizing under
or tha Teutonic armies, before deciding to enter to fray. And
t ustoa provA4onda towards rendering the war loam unpopular cueeeoded up
, polat lo convincing that part of the population that 20 years of alevery
4eprtt,4 of * political coneciounnece and a olear vicion of Mete, that
war vigmld be very abort' theit ia feet it wee neoetwary to intervene quiekay
, tbo mid.. of tho viotorteuo ally too that Italy might be entitled to a part
,r the bt,oty; that &gland, with her traditional ProYonsilY to fight with the
? !llorb or etharat would moOn conclude poem) when deprived of the aid of the
ormy, It was to to a natter of a few days Or at moot u few weeks and
ail I:mid be over and the Unmeant? wealth of tin) demo-p/utooratie countriee
, '14 ftew into our pocket* and our eleime againat France would be satisfied
nil hepeto lbe whole Moditerrenean woult) beeomo Mere Neatrum. And
? by to immediate and overehelming ouccesses of the glorioum and
-1e1,,Igg 6rmed tomes guided by tarot Marshal Musaolini status of the room
?,orvieo, /Aganin and Malta would he immediately occupied and then it
be an turn of ypt, the Suez ?anal, 0ibreltart the Sudan, II:astern
vertot
oto. oto. And tno candidates for the positions of oommand in the
torritoriee tht ouli already bo rogerded au conquered, were edready
mbblne cialoir hands at tho thought of thoir now prsftoonaular dignitieo and
? proriti; to bo reaped.
AA art fiotml aohony reigned
ociall$ out Warr theAr
!tAly'e entry tato or and
between loaders and poples the boaata,
grey, Thirleen months have peened eihea
Mama:1We bluff hea been ahem up.
lenten oo oil trout* *kora WIrmany did not intorvone to savo the situa-
l'on. ItiOy hov lare4dy loat hr 'var, without hope of redemption: hated and
bi all the, civilized world nod even by our own milieu; our country
t ludopolidonce omd hno bccomc a Oerman "fvud".
.Lo eliltAry T;iftsIn nod the odmiolotrot100 ere already ill the hand? or
t dawiotitor4 co is (410 olone in certain balkon Motes and tho moupied counw
tr400. 411d wo toow by eApoziorwo thot the Germano aro hard and inexorable
znatnnt. kiver tno mine) of the country tho dictator, rendered senile by the
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP13X
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
43111;'
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1.4 144 s$147 shit, Iwo au tnIt400 Up, b *4$11oliitp,1ti to
,i., b000tbo th* trOop410V ilt:t int6,,,,tho Ugh aviritaitO
,.,azwallt, Act If tOo t70$ 0 arroviDOR.W4140 not *ought, 01* tir41k ,
totaktir ilia taarooloon atn0:10:4111444 vonst, oreobiir. ,.
Vniaol Ater of eureaskon tf fihgolvtftanoltini bA4 tho iWikkAls an4
i'r-goe,.7401AglY 44ould *loos tta toot okm-Out 10 att4Ottn ,,,,,
.,
17'
A,Y'stlir foot $11004 or 444$11U040 Wools ftio4 Xe4 to 'Mb toniYof hIlf ,
l'4-b441.4t, 'N4.4 woirah orraalim oar miliitlay main in wh4011 Pirq gOrahnl
14_1_t dirootIrtAgumilth ,45:7 eouttOM44,P04411/atod auaekike OliMorouo
otwtaria *Am (mot many th04:044 Agno iti404064.;tho
two4,.; ,kupi fa nut tam Arid Withr:it -010'04 .124)3400.4:61" iltOttpw @,04.gibpolin'04)11.4
iPacmapt oww3-,%-atint ho4 Iltherited trom.?itil *pipet ',00440449,0004 InAtip14-,
woo tWcloaror 4G-f0nstratim 4nottiolorka ot t4-40x4P4ratiol,,,,
thr ny or London agd the Soporluk Ohiot Mora :then threemligirtoro or to 2
:talian expeditionary tercet' whii* W4O Whol0,0040441404 WOro- tskoh
Orregmio4 and the arta veto puittkiaViy ritioonquoved not' by- Italians ,
41rmanc wbo Aolw unwillingly and with ditOotatP *ad the admogt -
xx
tqtwo.en the Ar' ge ond the Ragtime the tonsion is eariouno mershfil MOW()
104 pont 004 wfteh06 ht o hozda like Pontiaa Pilkito$ ton ti o Camouo
had dinappoarod from tun manna ot vows Bono wee 101Xed 1.a very
,,ipmmatanaaa, ohot dowo by ttolien anti-oltoraft bettOrl*do Tho
,c)y ItAz loot utmost uoar tta shim Wool; without fighting* Tha Merchant
i?.T.Irio two alwts auftorod heavy losab0z in t4e ?Mold bul3otline4
rikwoua aviation nao provad inadequate to ito task in opitoOtemu intit?
,A,11441 40474a of bravery* ufrioara nnd 401416V0 I'M all frADto aro dioolotod
taut *as La ightah 4hair moot olom4OttiVy roquiramonta world no4tICOV040, their
rppa hat* Ueon coparwl an4 thivy *OW soo oloarly thtt thoy oro ovnaldsrod only
Innymo todilor, on4 they 46 lonpir Wiedl tO dia for a 00400 that 1s not thaira?
it 10 a%
to claming to ba red11160a that ho vho 140 thought to bill nil 0140
1 roall4 not4ing but 011 OW1. AA4 whilo Italyto intornel diffioultios inoranso
eh* 41,ra but to not rait4011441 th01gh hor 40444000/on in suoh th0 it
awitri,yod In 41moot ovary boort omit Oa hope or a bat tor rutura and of
Itallow4 ,:r Apult.104, we fully roellbe what a horribla thing it is to dopiro
t-i' ,,?4!'rY qr t4oao egainat whom our aOmpatriOto aro righting (though by oom-
:Q;4a4-Wi t. in thogo daya Wiati aro dwidivo roP tho rutura or tho wor14 wo
r,t Iota !Aril reality to the rooe.
Lt o sltor 0140 hnvel may Wen outqomons
Lk. 5
it) vtotoof by Vast OntmArty,
,) A poftim of otimproA104,
VioUlty Of thn doesiOomolatit
0
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8'
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tt
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? 4414:4114 uttextiAct.
Itei$ Osix444 WM* tut/44)4i
tqfprosaiou Itmssiste Mut covAtry *VW
Or tA7 the, virotoxy ret the AM*
cz,mstr7 volgr MAUI Its raitiolx a*
tt 'WV 'WM 01.014167 Wrsigula dayn
104 ogin It bor oukoll so thatour
eatimt,ion tot wni4enery trtditons,
imams *t eletticlaingpo
? exil the ttlqsat or aselo$ 4N* XV doirtmed end trodden down tite
?
;,:T,IrJelatia that are tte sacred patrimity or civil '04'Pollas*
r '
itoltians of Amorloal it We straseic4itholit iUarter cpinet betibtrimnIc.
wtthout tonitetion with tbo grmt ustthat :given you boopitfaity6
? viotory will be yourse
:he dcmottraaios are not flOtim againot lialy but tasaiust WhiGh
.L1,01408 sreatoat enema
aesorous people of the United statee Anlericone Who carry the torch of
Liberty bold out your hands without diffidence end without ranaor to your
brotters wto aro tad will be with you in the Greet Orueedei
":11r
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mumgamotateM2MONSUMMMSEWAP?Tulvm
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8 ;
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
11122E
LIBRARIAN OF COVGRESS
Washington, D. C.
I am sending you a memorandum submitted by
Professor Ealvemini of Harvard about Fascist -propaganda
among thm Itrlians of the Providence-Boston area. You
-rill remember our discussion of it the other evening.
Ealvemini is a very grand man indeed and a great anti-
Fascist. He is certainly one of the people whose ser-
vices should be used, and I hope with all my heart we
can find some way to help him. I'd appreciate it if
yo-) woul6 let me know whether you think your Office is
the right ,47,ency to take this up or whether I should
send it eisEwhere. If the latter, will you let me have
it back.
ArOdbald MacLeish
The Librarian of Congress
Col. 'illigm J. Donovan
Coor,.inator of Inform. tion
Apex Buildin
:Ftshington, F. C.
'74 '
r; ? Y1 i*
. r
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
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,
,
Auguoh fl, 1041
Dont' Bill:
fton4 n momornndum nubmittod by
Isnt?te''f401, 1-:nlvomin of HAlivnrd about ganoint Iropnmnnht
-runtwtI antiofir or WI ,VrovidonoomBonton nvom. You
ill istvcImbrr our diom?olon or it tho othor ovontivi
H;lvr*AniI i wiry trItinnd mnn Lndood rind n eTont nmia
tqr4nfrt, evrtflinly ono of tho pooplo whoelo NIT-1
vi rphould b wi rina t hop tl with all my hoart wo
enn rinti notilo wny to h1 T him. I'd npprooiftto it IP
1ri tot mo nw whrthor you 'think yotto (Moo in
ri.ht .101)0y to tnt,o. thin up or whoth014 t ohmlid
pond 0 otopwhoro. If tho inttrir. win pm Int mp holm
bpok.
Vnolorlirp
P'ti I thf,4utly yotttio,
Avoid:brad Mnotiolmh
Thp Libenrinn or Cowoml
I hltlipiP1H
'ri tlf 141M
1'11i I, tql:
i I
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
4
lifiNOirA01111
AP uo 4e) not Irlvt- ot otiP dimpoonl for Boriton ita PrOv
loonl rodio Atotiofi to 004ntorftot Vanolot priopnatindo on
fwito mmooR 0.10 Tthlifino, ohnll bo in the) oftmo weition
410 attnolto Mt. rvolloot with o taifo Tho Vamoloto havo
.10.1!-Ir or huyiw, traleh ttnin 60 thoy wont on the rndio# In
- rNt110 rltmtiore le ownod by n Pabolnt novnt. rr wo
to bqy Limo in orjor to aountnmt Yftmoint propwaft,
0Ar!
ite10,1 4 :vrt,nt !mount or monoy !Ind we) would niwnyo be put
41. httl,ihriitl by tho Fnmoimto whu It no moil moony no they
t"I tl br tho ofistnimnoy of our work If It munt oonniot
1-11 tiddromovo to n Pow hundpod pooplo
-moot) hhlr ft mtalon tropic)
!"Ifr/ '4111dtly I 'u Lo oomn mootinP, or itmlinno
1
thorr
mootion or thh MnAzInl :ooloty whloh nt tho moot
f*, " ct Or ;IP Vfoir i rift!itit
md ) re-11011 im r) 11 1,1?, 111 honrcir:iVii: in Pooton
inmtnnd Qr opondim Lhroti hourv ,)(1 h Hindoy
' :Jrn Ir (kr t;,.
r
maild wind Wow, Liwno
IWO- Mr! 111, rill" II I ?Aid I it: t tt 11111,111w 31 on .1'014
c tifmr, I ill, Longemp bh nttookim M14wynroot
41Arr.
-111 i,(mr n rodio mtraion whioh wuutd fd.vh
ly oV pmfikinv, rouT timmn n dny or fiftoon Anotoo
11 y
INNICSION11121
Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
ustepowirowbousw.b.1?,,...
012
Inlinn to ltfllians, 7e think that in six months We WOViet
ve-thr(v the whole Fascist structure ih Boston and Providence.
1 193c Tnscist influence in this country was very limited..
nti-Faccists were the masters of the ground. When Fascists
trier; to organize demonstrAltions they had to disbard becrnase
r- crr the vinker. It war only 9fter 1930 that the Fascists
'tro1-)f the Italinn wpul.Aion. This was due to the
. The ri4 L loods ItElial hones from 8 A.M. to 10 P.M.
1rin'z the whoin risy the housewife, alone in her home, listens
'7) the mdi). aen her husband Fnd sons come home she tells them
t she hns henrd. This is why 80% of the follow the
'cit: tifli refwm to listen to us.
need 9 mdio station cf oul- own which works on a business
f? itsrlf Ytth it comerciel publicity, but
115 rout riftPn minuto periodP a dny for OUT work. We
tbe we 1--ve the persormela I went to Washington
4 r,
- Fq-c open to uP. We can get the 1i6ence ns soon
t tL r.lnu. But ire only have
d0,000 availe-ae. We
'jut tope+hPr mor. But to establish a stntion
it p5en for siz months P50,000 nre necessary. I say
ix !71()rithv. Durin;:; thoso six mInths we hive to rnce the boyf!ott
- thP org-nized campaign of thre-tr, agnins the
P 0
('U 7*: rt' V -t A' the FI:cist agent: , whu fire more active
?
tne ConE left than before.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
'
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
-3-
t hflvf4 ai5cussed this matter with smile frionds here. All
V.,em rfmli-,:e the importance of my idea. If we succeed in
cs'n 11Pring the polAtion of Boston, wethall sho" what must bo done
in Chiev0, in Fnncisco, New (lawns nnd New York to
- 0, thc, whole of tho Fascist ma3binee One or them, Prof.
lo singer wont to BrIndeiv. He nleo found that my idea
)118 be tnkre into oonsider-tion. He advised Schlesinger thvt
hould H-sint.rurtor find ark him whethor he knew of some
in tituti
:omp person would br willing tp help us.
'T-Infurtor Eui7itpd that I writr, to you. We do not ask for
!'reo Th- :tfltion mart support itsrle with its revenue
tP- month:: of' wrepnrntion. When it begins to support
Itvelf, thr, monoy munt rrturn nn interest nnd the onpitnl tthould
?11fo be riven bii:k little by Little to the shareholdoril. If an
inrtitutbn wors, witlim to help us without tnking any responsi-
Idliiy, three or four nmong us, for instanoe Elliott, Ln Pinna,
terilwer tr myscP:, miAt npprnr es shareholders and not as
of tile initution .111.oh hns giv(n the money enkl must
brk. We nped t:'0, '00. It io n big sum no doubt, but
c not Tirtnkon, it: return in the moral(' of this Emotion
*
Pnginno wonld be enormous.
Pe rh
Gaetano Snlvomini
,(11)' miAt ruffi But IC thingr hnvo to be
Prou4.11 offieioney, ,r5),()00 scinm indinnensablo. Anyhow
1
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8
RemppReystpww.,:wrow.rm.,...,
r I
I.
--m hnvt- ,t h na moto th tt00001 Whit* awria nothing, and
04r 00? will mIld knowlodpst f IttliAb montaity wad
without monoy m011111 1 o .thhn nothing?
0118.1
EsselANIONSIN
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100450007-8