OSS - RELATIONS BETWEEN MOSLEMS AND AMERICANS IN NORTH AFRICA/MISTAKES MADE IN WORKING WITH THE FRENCH AND RESISTANCE GROUPS IN NORTH AFRICA/FACTUAL ACCOUNT OF THE NIGHT OF 7-8 NOVEMBER 1942 IN ALGIERS/FRENCH MEMORANDUM ON QUESTIONS CONCERN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: OSS Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP13X00001R000100440008-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 105
• Document Creation Date: November 3, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 26, 2013
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: May 21, 1943
• Content Type: MISC

. r 0. 16,01ERtdElliIMI4iT 1411,1?-'414111141iiinnitrOMMINNETHEMEMERES
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ei p6x1aIoi tf North Airica inaportant ta our waref'-il?
araoco and. "tuiiisin. In Algeria ;where the French have been J...n-
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it8c:. 'aver one hdi'licliA years, the 14osiems have ither been re
arming ,rf,r1,1
,iorocco a di.vtAcri ,-!:,(1-0..s between th(.. French, and Spanish .Zon,
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tter now IncLufiinii-, thP formi.r Intsrnational Zone of TanFleiv
n th Fr=ch
landing. AmeTi.rn.nF.
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th- Ac ns a Ahol, were delighted,ur.1
and th,: we)rti be Vreeq
,t dt:i ve;ntg hlApd nAntain our reputation. One o' the
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e Gpd it is men like these who have landed on our shoresi Thi,
4
en thinit o instruct their men how t behave toward Moslems! They r.:1,37
4;0 indeed fine people!"
Again, a Syrian Moslem U.S. soldier named Siblini was seen pryir,
In a mosque, in U.S. Army uniform. He was led before the Sultan, wii
delighted, andwhora 83,e then served as liaison and interpreter.
In general, the Americans give the Arabs whom they see
candy, chewing-gum, chewing-gum, and clothing. They are kind to children; the'
down their vehicles rather than run over sheep. They are good humor,,i
and generous and treat the Arabs like human beings. They do not, llAtt
many of the French, always shout at them, but they speak to them in a
moderate tone of voice. The Arabs appreciate this and wish to assocliqL.
with our soldiers. In many Army messes one finds Arabs working in t!le
kitchen, some In G-I uniforms. In petrol dumps he same is true. LDSt
outfits have adopted Arab mascots in one capacity or other, and many
these have learned English since November 8th.
Of course but a small proportion of the Moslems have sun or dit
with Americans.----onlAhose living in cities or along he roi.0.3, ttnc
near the bivouac areas t where they congregati. to sell oranges and
But all of them know out us, and despite the malicious propavandn
against us, spread by megoy agents and, in some cases, almost certty,
by French a well, we are still popular among the kkrarage illiterate
Atftbs.
0 the Arilo intelligens a, including the survivors of thc;
Untionalist party, ftttli let down now that tliey realize t!1;$4
goWg to chaago their status and that they will riNtiair
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=pass, The V ouch, wh,, insist on taking charge o?he distributionm
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ro of the French government
Diatters oust be deferred unti
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dois vs no good to tU them thht
fter we have won the war) if wn
air afaIrs at 4110 Furthermore the failure of our goods---cottfn;
ougaro shoesp etc,----to be distributed quickay or equably h=is
cod our strongest asset in establishing good relations to a small
have kept most of the olothohesselves---in Fez they handed out ell:recl.
to the Arabs---and while French children get all the American milk fix!.7
can drInk, tem Arab babies get littici or none, At Khemisset the Cot. -.
Civil &Andthe Kaid worked a mutual racket. They kept the tea t;Iv.:n
them byhe Americans to distribute amon0he natives, and ooll it on tkl-
black market, At Brkane a month ago Allirican shoes were :old In a sho:,
with tills in tae wlnuow: "Vent e :Libre des souliers Americans, Interait
au Is.441!zulitn. Iepe Jt1ws were forbidden to buy, it is easy to ituacirf!
how qunr pair ol f;hoosl,the Arubs got,
An We from caJual and normal personal contacts, the relittiono betvri
Moslems and AavricialL patiL aLmozt entirelythrough the French, who whtch
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W3 ,lealusly and liey to prewont QS from doaiing with nattve5 dtroctly, 1}r
especially with trtbal 1ehaer3 nud other politically important individm
In Fez the Fronch 14u=ap ob!iervers posted to fled whnt ntAtivo6en i
te,1-
8r,d V lcomblo (our 086 representAtive) house; tney vicw
1414 ,?LLarm ?Criontiahip with el Han Abd el Kadhor el Elj, a
litti,CaKthe7 I:taw/tit oil everal, C 51, Ions, Jr:tiled*
Nat gir
Api,m1 I mada a trip La a Joon to the N rthern Gzenilayn whom
Ittrianz *lei, HIM;I roUnd the tmach posts in a bexi ntate for
Motnlmor-7-0-iood was tort tho boldiers had no (A,garottqs
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eriver gut at the disposal of these outposts. The commanding officer
ofthe region, located at Taza, refused General Clarkls offerp on the
-?1
. grounds that I had a bad record as a native agitator and had engineered
this deal so that I could have a truck to ride in, to get back to the
Gzennaya and stir up revolt among the natives. So the soldiers contin-
ued to go without cigarettes.
We have neither the personnel nor the local knowledge to police
Morocco. We must, whatever our policy, leave this business largely to
the Frencn. Among the French official*, a number of the younger officers
of the aurelu des Affaires Indigenes are onoour side politically, and
are kindly disposed to their native charges as well, (The situationis
parallel to that of the contrast between the youngerfmd older men in
our Indian service). If the French political madhouse in Morocco cn
be cleaned out, and If these younger officers can be given a free hand
with native affairs, our relations with the Moslems away from the towns
and roads will increase in volumeand improve, andthe lot of the natives
under the Fench must inevitably Improve as well. If the older men, who
are anti-merican and unsympathetic tanatives are left in power, no
progrest3 will be made in this direction.
gigAtim.gog: In the Spanish Zone the majority of the natives favor
las and ardently wish that we would step in and oust the Spanish whom
" they aeteat. This is true despite the intensive German propagand.
711
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-*tmpw4,Ariv,laguintit us and, aospito the isIttivitioa Ot t
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ii-j?f 16 t :b inch of th0 NationaIist piArty undor tho trnitor? Abdol Khaleit
1 ,ToTToo0
The Germans, whose looal propicalda ?hied 1$ Umnonholy 41ro
, oproadln tho rumors that Amorloauff aro always drunk und habitually
,4 rupq Moslom Imam and oven r4pu donkeys* Nativos who profemo to bo
oye witnesson Of tiheud thtngo walk from village to villoe,0 tqn,t)adiiii;
this Mtil :gad tho Arab prolop Ovrmun controlled, is v.olontly ant1-11,
A wonth icgo tho Gormorto askilod tho WationaliJto to op1'o4Ad tho
rumor that th,ly wuro going Lo otAbotug our trannport itnu (;0.mmunic41
tionJ in Frvnch Morooco and thnn onIor in Voroo by nir and Mt)
GOral4mh havq1 upproachoti H numbor of natty() Xfltcki tr) !wcopt, :1r4:11,1
shipmetit3 4An4 to fight aguinat. ua. In Melilla, Alca:vAr, Totiwn
thov aro on.WIting rikAtivo:1 to :Ittond thoir onbotagu ,cn?olst Lo blow
up rull$ Arlo bridgen In tho Fronoh 4onu and in Aie :la, :A) Car L11(4
MVO boon (1Qmplotoly unluool-sratil, rii wo hnVO h n nbl, Lo pcinut,r,;Au
thouo ochoolA with doublo ,tgonto
Thin nativon In tho Spimitih eono still 14,, An LtIrgOy on our
micio aoftpito Wu; propmgctIlda whi(Jh thoy t 40 boun 3uhjoctod whioh
provon .huL wItit themi. t oottiwhovo thm orrootiV0 propoprda
t14t ot dmodm mud work m, n)t worda?
=Awl Iv Tunlyau the Otrmaos hnd a 4ront iovAhtagta aVOP
:le wort* idOnti4104 With tbv Frtno4 whow tqh Arb t (1.14trwit,od aud
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,
Uallk*C. ThA3 Gormna wad we hud +Imre to support thq Vpv-!noh ond
whteh 0140 no unti'n Lhope. of Tunlolan noLtow)Jtom
Aitionl NI to itri* Itto Germ4114 govo thom oil, ,;41ton Vr914 thorn

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Uer ou h the PrO40, oloth. The Germans let them loot
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y P I
1th Corps Area we tried -to combat this by distributing
cloth, teal and sugar through our BD posts (an 088-80E project) zInd,
by establislang new weelay markets with American and British goods
to replace the m4rkets, such as Mateur, in German hands Psycholo-
gical Warfare project). We tried t) prevent the French in our area
from abustng the natives und removed from the combat ar(Lt Frenchmk.3n
who mistreated Arabs.
In the 2nd Corps area we did not get started in tiu,; to do mucl
good. American soldiers were already shooting Arabi al,C1 Ari) wort?,
guiding German patrols against us, when the a) got started in that
area at the tiovi of the Kasaerino Pass MtreaL. I Lc) r/.0alit-c; rr):1
Tunisia at that time ui as far uS I Kuolio no ono attfimptHd to str,11.
out American-Arab reiations in that 4re,1 aftrwird. It vPis prob,,hly
too late in any case - thQ damage hnd been done.
Now that the Gormants aro out of Tunisia anu tho Arabl will 110it:
chance to Americi4n troops cul 4 non-combitt, ba!Dis, wt 1-1,11/0
to hope that a iitatirt imilar to that in Morocco IN 11 L ,Lr ,L (.1/41
our re ation with Arabs will improvo
On the vtholes I thintt tiv4 t the American Army hz).:; t?t 13.n ox,:cf,1
?i?
digainz With Mosiwas which may well afruct the whole v,or
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ONO
AMERICAN LEGATION
returned to "angie_. on 251:11
Everything goes weIl here. There is a little
conflict between my orders from Colonel Eddy and
A.F.H.Q. to withnid fror Pont'et any onr!ritiona?
information. mhis conflict occurs becsuce :Teat
deal of our Moslem information cores frr- our
operational P. group (3trilv.s group) who canno:,
rieparate it themsg!lves. I t':%.ke nut the occasiorn;11
operatirnal item and turr thf- inforrion nvm,-
Booth. When I M Fiwny, as on tliF last trip, -on:h
believes that he should dn ;f)rtincr,
that tn out r,.r onder'l ''rnyn
he done by Lt. Hoskinson, nprointerl 1,1 -e
by rlolonel rl4y. ?bid ./,ephyp in a teapt-)t, T .1e7ir.ve
will cPutle no diffir!ulty jr) C; 'or:4-h chooses -1.:e a-
it?,sue of it. Out2 1.de o! f hi cZ r"serit rrY
rb00perate well and all i'Torr ton Eouvil i ed by our.
P:oslems t,urricA ol,rri to him. Timpe L r c lt
P1',5 may be note(' Cron hireno:)t-.
T hovf: bc;en ill, nut TI'q now jack
71(7,7tir., (;0011 fntv5ue n,"-r.T.
experiencem, bl,t; 'i/R6
liipt ftwiv htri rlarl 40-lou10 be al] rirht Infr%
(T1. elelosirff nooklet "PlF.,.1 do ?eforme-"
:nrortqine::", wilt ch 3hould be or extreme i-v,oliest to
those A.:,lericans irtero3ted in rlorocr:Ein rottive nffni-F>,
't I -; he orrieiR) fOntt'orm of the Nr,tiorinlipt Pnrty
nrd ?epr6,sent8, R1.ie ior' I anti-ierber pny.phs,
the political feelings of mogt c,sle-lo 1.1 71nroce?O,
Tte. tind poesession i forbidden fl)( Yrerch
I would Rpprectnte it ir you would see thcit, it rePches
hhe nands ot those inter'uted in the:: nntive 20-c:11e-1
'foroccl
Very sincer,:ly your(,
-5`x1irty,3-7;,..n
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tatli /4'
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onov! rt4
3: went to Oasablarca at t ret
L. o4e of their pSfic,rs a plan ,.;1' th.e-
lat to the SpaniSh Zirn The
from an XspeditIonary Force to their D:.4.36nt "1)5JLF-.
o goo fia. four days primarily in a vain erThrt tc;
ile4st4' from jail a Moslem wilo had been of help
that eity. With me was Ramdol,ph gohammed, Oususi orf41;:i
Fes, employed by the Legation at Tangier a5
actually the invaluable contact mar. of Coon anl ny4itif
Ilave been his close friends for mary years in 14,o_roc-.1?
R America, rfie following report is the result cr the
day stays the inI.frornetion being obtained largel:r froT
friends amd acquaintances dua that native city, 47,44;?-
time we set up for Mr. Williw.ason at Colonel ]i:d.cisy r
an information service iesigaed to give to Vice ?CO1Rt: _4!
Reid direct contact with the center of cislem
It will also cover Meknes and Casablanca, and L;t-zza r f e
to MArrakesch if desired, The 1ioslems )roviding iIs
are well known persons of &ubstance, sv:?ving
patriotic duty as Licroccan Arabs, e.xcep.; fpr onc: wrio9
job is acting as messenger ana who reLv-Js pa;,,
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Everything is goIng well on tme surface in
There has been a aoticeable change in the last
'oslemis who were formerly arrail to speak to ri,a
Gusus now walk up to us rreely and are Elad to
tions between l'osienls and Sp4;.ai:3h are ohanged t
ylibillems are not as scared and, the Spaniards not
am not sure of the reason, but 1 think that
equipment /a the French Zone are the caus(i; - a
have got dewn and bactx - soma Span :r' ai;00
matter but perhaps importaat, The (;ermaa effor
area, whemerforts had been marie to got Zthro ,ri
arms deliveries has broken down.
Tan?;i3.
fE-w
self anU
se
or), The
tnoops
11"
d a -
1; at
bes
In accordance with Colonel Eddy's instructicns -
4IJ
of our two Llbsiem SO .)rganizatitms is now doing a
of intelligence work in tne Western Span:.sn Zone. 1.11'
tile large group headed by Mr. Do The Idiwtity Gf
together with operational informatiem is withheld, olAt
intelligence lit, tuTne(5. over to Waller !i.oth, Ao has
its intellieence work and Lolpmved it by pertinent s,lqwz-,t,
The selcand nassels" group has a diffelin't sat up a.c.t eaar,o1
be coed rot intftlligence work*
nope that it 141 correct ttat Government
is 40.11 alrailettae 1u IcaLled you today about
tugOstion of Mr El J0g,, whom I v.,et in Foz,
-
, (1,1
"t?"
-47y stAix,rely yoara:
? ;I
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or atis2U w14,0 calm- ttilopo sod*
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4104',-e100,11* :Et WU thOtVeht Wait 1300.34 ba Ow.ittti.:.v?1..i.10 1)Y Ur4 ,g i*.
Imper artiolom and raao DroddOumbm in Arablo,
1r0114 jamittry lie
A) Thin 1F01:.f. :4oulamg amoiro tLo ntry or wlp,-1 tut!' oti ii
Lao ti? It4iVC (qv, b-4t. fonr thoL molOkvo, Vikt4w
uavatIrti infltuinoo a liouov in 0!wobLorton and ;(411wt
rorcibly oWor momquone
T4oy to ro*r tka
tirrortft to no3ocinto thelamolvon with
morkt 4 9:1 r tiosolarl:i juilaittr, kiruit,,)o
whom litho,' tiro hOt weloomee
?444 tkvo tiA tit at A ) 0 o rnili.;(40 h1yrorltditv.
4144 AMtiwkAR tfti,eVill0 Pit, OW (1011.1" MOdlq(al - with ni .ft1
b 1L0tltF oMimorti Olti y Lc? oat ta-
Vr00140 onitotoll mr,m in omnIt omooptod pxoupoe
01.141r14:4tut by provIdine, liotatiocid Moolnm
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rie,AW0s
jaltUnry t hnlicivo *cro t1A.
414 0*.ogoat AO clIrmOn proptf.A1140 t,htl.t.10 Qi" 1.11t
tkomoft argit thvy nrm no Inploblvo
It -Limy tmolot. 1)(1
1411:1I Ittrir
0,16
oet Wo4t jmumary 1), Onrmnit propogunlo. tti 01)
r07) tAdalg11144 41.046-Jonitio r,ad rooki ohonnioi L1,1,-!3 tilt,
64 On04 tAklAg ?3ormnn broaaw4ata on t'1 fu ovc,?
the' thwt iagOw qatrao bAJir,-4,3 volinkon0 WJVIIMN
? Allittgey t W.101 ti4;cJ a by 1'100. .i1114
Amorloaa 4qoking ot tho .goroomm Ilmoirl by 1?h44 1,1D
.ATWAO T0410 troadomta nowMpapot.'F$t .4hEt
Of 01-0 MOVOtIOWI rt440 frOM m proALI(valy ypItith,
t04;,- ptrott4 lurronell voalLzo4 ..:AloltAboo 1400
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,,. .. ';imr?119r1 144* - -i047.
, -W-sugu nd teltilorl
tmOle got "boas" tlireet4
*, to. pr ptople get goods by Koing
rOlOm efirdS? VA a "bon" to draw goods
g-Are44WVIOV4.4,14totle re-mai4an8;9. Mass
'Ica4iti**4-twolblmfacie,:of.cotton goods sinoe
1,,,m0ii:perplitreione Sugar, 700 iTams ' -
lontiv; Everyone wants diatribution of gooCtf,
1.xtTA Americans., Huropeans get =Oh more ln 6E,Je
:btrIctiOslana and this is reseuted.
CJIB
11
47if
a
94 Fez, January 139 IL comItry roGion &round Fez ttiur;.
recently arinen a complete corruption of system through Jald:3,
pulifas, Sheiks aad Gantraleurs working togethore Meople
(150 to Cid. or Shilik or Nhalifa, give him money to c,ot foods
to soil in the ble,o4. Market* Jatds, etc, give some or c(tsh to
contraeurs for proteotion, Cott lecisions are now uluost
enti tly bought - previoualF some corrupt:bon but not comi)1010
GU-U.3
10. Fez, J'anuary 13. It is forbidden by Dahil. oluce P.)41
for a !Awl= to buy property from a European, except for ti
purposes with permission whiob is rarely gruu6edi
aud $rktish semsars not a11ow9d to buy from &IropJans booellfi
Ucelems, nor from Moslems because prot6c6s. ';4113
11. Fez, Zanuery 13n pc4EgrENT441., Taxes. Ocuntry near Ywz.
A man has two mules arnual tax on tatm is $0k)-1000
franca. In addition, starting a yoar ago, man with two muio2
must de1iv5r to government 700 kilos wheat for which ho 13 :JA
amoqnt that is about 1/2 market pricc. ihp (;evornmout
20 paid, lust year 1/2 market price. In 1!:1 tar nrou uvui
Governmont tells aheik man must puyi,sheep tax -
three sheep man bribes sheik to rbduce to ono sheop,
120 C9171PX4L0 In :liar
If er n htti 20 sheep or
tont t vitt io h last yoal? p1/1 1/2
three, men, who have twenty shee
to governmont Wilich last ymar
no c;ave, they must buy one to a
or eow 7,o0o francs, governmen
has tittalee requir ed to work on
two, itroet periods* Mt firm tar
;warty! coa quirt er ot *EU t Lae
011,2
Cp'romih) annual tux Is 1114;bu)'.
goEtt4 - 1 out, ur AJJ takon by
markot price* in addition, ovury
p or (wets orveOrm mwat 8011 a oow
paid, 1/2 market pric..?40 If ti,uy iluv
ell to Govomment ? ( last yrr jr cl
t pai6. 3500). In Riff - man wrio
road without pay mil food iymloo Vor
ormant, close frlena, said it Luok
bo he sold his mien.
OMB
itsation of tribe of U.zennaya to American coauml-
0000014,117 040 olunk has had clo!xe re utiobs //loth
'or many
year, though. only AecroJi contact was
do Pc wre Ibb-a-tied at lloarE4uId t
4, Alreart gium tritxt de. ['Loy
aro 141444 :it 4b11 AmAoricatlo
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100440008-8
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untie ohoter en 6ohsago; dbo quo los marohilis soot
approvisio1n6s los rdquieitions de donriSas agriooles owl
miioh6S, ole Welles no tont plus lorsquielles no
yuos do is population ne sont plus nooessairess oe qui
contrasts is paix int6rieurom Intin les lribue du Maroc,
oepagnol soront attires du 38t6 frangeis et amtiriaain si
ells' voient los populations du Maroc frangais bien ravi
tailless et bien vttues. Ii aut done envoyer sans delal
los armee et le ravitaillement demandess
Du point de vue moral, il est olair que tout oe
qui port? stteinto l'autarite et au preatige de la Prance
et do sas representants tous les degree de is h16waroh1e
risque do oompromottra is paix int6rieure et de nuire au
bon moral de l'irm6e. L'Afrique du Nord devient extigmement
diffioile gouverner d?que l'on fournit aux intrigues un
pretext? 4 se d6velopper. La Franco a xibusei 4 ae faire
*imer at respooloer en Afriques la preuve en est quo lee po-
pulations lui sont rest6e3 attaohOes 4me apres la d6faite
qu'ollo a sale en 1940p Il est don? indispensable de no
porter imoana atteitite 4 l'autorito et au prestige de la
Franco.
La 'Winton onvoy6e par le Gen6ral Givtud snrait
dona r000nnaisocnto 4 l'Otfioo ot Strategia Servioes de bien
vouloitt
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portano* do cos onvois du point do vuo do la guorro payoho
logiques
4?) Pair, onsuito une 46marohe cuullocad auprbe
du PrOsidont Roceovelts
3?) Donnor inotruotion 4 elu rupr600nwilto 4
Alger da 41J mo4tre on rapport avoo lo 8o,Jx6tartot dom
tions Axtialouxem at par lull nvoo le Elovviom PInformationo
4?) - Btablir tut untuot rap,anoT taviqo la Mitamion
du 06niaol Oirfiud 4 Washtnrtun pur l'ontAwnloo ao G00)1!,(14-
'loot, 01=86 dos liatoona do ocit orkirl)t pour quo dzAW ouloiflo
tions paiionnt 2tro pr000n460o, dos avio donni4 our loo
quooticus oonoornunt l'Arriqua, ot Uno 00116001.10,1.M ;WmPl6W
soimvOed.
U. Lomolgro-Dubroull it M tnorullot
houroax do * olr lo Colonol Dunovon pour r13.Iiiiirit001 avoo
lui 4* oo proexamma4
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4.4.4.
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"$7i f !it15-71 5J;i;
?
"VW:Is's
4,':;
? r ?45115'. 7 virri
?
?( begiririg of operationo in Africa the ten-
thetlitary has vonsistel in deciarin4:, that
itiocupi,ed Frentzh Hort.) Africa, that they had elnetmted
est Africa.
?
'. But, it would have been preferable to recall thu? since
Yersations had been held between the American Leiegate
Murphy, and a group of Frenchmm envisaging under
rwAmerica would bring to the French 511 Africa her materid
aid to allow France to reenter the var. Moreover,
Oiroe agrOementa, in the form of letters, were con6equentiy
-exchngd-between General Giraud and Mr. Murphy inciicating beforo
e-ope,4.4tion of the eighth of November whvt would be thp form
of the collaboration of the two countries.
"
appearing to give to their penetration into the
French Empire an aspect of victo:ry, the Americans no lonr
benefit vis-a-vis the world. - and that is of an extreme impor-
taace - from the glory which they could accdlire in flyint, to
the Taid of the oppressed peoples who, immediately aftr the
armistice, had asked them for aid in again Inking up the ,cArik
gle. This attitude has thus distorted the truth and seems con-
trary to the initial desires of the Americans.
ge-(19121.gr.tar.
I4TFhe American
to the
MurP aug:ft=el iQl1;n 1tncngo=nIgtgt2
being
1
1z-
da had the game in its hiindo to tell, through
at French Africa had become au American
tion the All7S:ELE
to. 1
'art poputior, Mobammedon, jewish,
,"&ntn, remained faith:N:1
In didA0shiv, the
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m at all Oompliotte the st ulLticoo.
Ls. Idsi
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esident R000evolt hievin, Won, at the tirnc of
bIs& into power, an Atitude which fettered
opted in Africa by General Eiaenhower flc Mit. Murp4
*ter have
,Illeitateli that he modify it. It i cortvill that
D4rlan had believed thut the Amerit-mw wore
bringing tonsible aid to France, ho hdd uractiued
ft
oboration. Being lagiggat4a in grieb on
koveatr4 he could decikre Ame:tn,arin offoctive
htt with, mortovert a great uativfactiob, th4t
?,
hoceforth count on American cooperfition. Um or-
Ar hint public opinion via furion*ly acaina ho
co in Frunoe, for haviTtv boon a collaorationit.
otrtainly the mum which provokod the uw;Amiq,i1444tion
-,11* as6ausin, as many other meu aetuaiLy Yroncl?, h...(1 the
reotion that Admiral Darlan botrqed the kmoricanu. Thic
tded from hia previous politicul bent. IL is thuu wrong
that thio womosin reprosonta antendeng unfavorAle
Psalm proveo on the contrary hole avq: cmpromiood ley
1if of colleiboration aro considorod by tho immerwe
0 ?reach people ao tvAto.N to their (Auntry.
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and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100440008-8
BRIIMENAMMW
? 2013/09/26 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100440008-8
Declassified and Approved For Release
? "AP :1P47 NOr 1V-1610k: _ :M?71 r
,
44.
NOT! POUR WM= OF STRATEGIC SURVIM
MR LES QUESTIONS INTERMANT L'APRIQUE
001K01004?44104.1Po falanudgmtniona.
ERREURS A EVITER
tremiirer erreur 7:411 1* debut des Iporatione en Afrique la
tendaarairiiranaTia amoriosine a oensisto a d?olar,r 'IOUs avntont
octeup4 Ithfrique du Nord frsnotiee, qu'llo avaiant pont ro an Afrique
Occidentals francs/so.
Or, il out eta preferable de rappeler quo dos 1949
des conversations evaient ete sngsgiee entre la delegue gim?ral amert-
Murpny, et un groups de Francais envisageant souesquollo for.lc
l'Amerique apportereit a la Francs, en Afrique son aide matertella et
militsire pour pormottre la France do rentrer dana la guerre. Dot'
* cords, mous forme de lottres, wit d'ailleurs par la suite 6t6 60hg111-
$ ea entre le General Girsud et M. Murphy indigltrAnt avant l'operatton
du 8 novembre quells ittait la forme de 1% oollnlioration des deux parl.
En *pint llsir de donner a leur penetration germ
ltempiro franoain une allure de vistolre, 1es Americuinq no henofi-
ciiient plus visla-vis du monde, - et celatont dune importunoe exe
trine w de ltsureol.e qu'ila pouvaient aoquerir en volant au scour
don privies opprimes qui, tout de suite apres l'armistioe, lour avaient
domande, leur,aide pour reprendre la lutte. Cetta nttttade D don9
deform la verit? et amble oontraire aux deairs initiaux dee Ameri-
cains.
Deux/ ofreur
miricains mfant ootuelloment, contral-
rement *lux s000rd3 Murphy-liraud, le direction dlp oporations en
Afriquo frsnesiee, at la Haut-Commissariat frIncain en Afriqua n'otent
pogo snoore reoonnu, ni comma nouvernemant interimtire ni come (louver-
nsmerzt provifo4via, le propigande de linxo a beau jou pour racontav,
?per l'intermedisire de Vtohy, qua l'Afrique frinnootpo eat devenuo un
Protoctorek amertoain. En outro, lea militairea smertomino, ogistinnt
direotaiment ewes de ls population oivile, notamment pour toutas log
questions de requisitione, oontribuont a dormer l'impression quo la
rrenoa nsexist* plus. Orp'tout e population cfrioaino, musulmano,
jut,* om fr*rumist, etoit, malpre la debate do in Franco, mottle
tidile a? la miro-patrie. Xi eat a orsindro qu'en dimipunnt le prow
-
04* d* 1,A Primo*. les Alseriosine n'en aprouvent aux-memaAles plun
raves repercussion* pour pou quo des insuooils militairea oompliquInt
Ia a itus tirot,
Ina r Ire rlAn
roil:dent &oaov sysnt ria, lora 40 la venue
1 Derlonx une at itud, qui a Omit la poaition
P? 1* 044\o3'el Elaenhowor et M. Murphy, oeux.00l ont
ls modtfie. fl eat aortmin quo tent quo l'Amirml
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011(oru que lei Americains etaient incapables dtapporter e le
004 '''Mk1 s*cours tangible, il avait fait la politique de le collsbe-
-110-,trouvant aceidentellement en Afrique le 8 noveinbre ii ft
iC?ntstr Itaide einETT7Tameriesine.11 a done pens6, avec
d'a1j1?' une grange satisfaction, que la France pouvait desormais
Aqmpitir aur la cooperation amaricaine. Malheureusement pour lui,
ltopialon publique lui,e4 voulait furieusement, soit en Afrigge, soit
endFlitice, pour avoir titti collaborateur. Clest donc eertainement la
raison qui a provoque ltassassinat; 1/as3e55ing come beeueoup
dkautres homes actuellement en France, avait itimpression que 1,Am1-
ral Darlan_trompait les America Ins. Ceei premeneit de se politique
suivi.enterieurement. Il est done faux d, dire que cet essassinat
represente une tendance debaciir bl a ltAmerique: ii prpuvn au con-
traire comblen les homes ukt t la politique de colleboretton
sont considires par Ilimmenne majo ite du peuple frenesis come des
traitres a leur patria.
- te.
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100440008-8_
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DATE: March 11,v 1943
:1Mor Doering
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1* You requested my view r(zarding Mr,
Belints memorandum to you of January 13, 1943
(attached file).
dp
416.. JI?
Pvt." Pugliese has prewirild a memo-
randum which is attached, in which I bolieve you
will be much interested and with which I conco.r.
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DATE
FRQMPIrt?! Pugliese
SkOWEAM Pro. Vi a ,2_08LegaiJ___?4.,4atafflalgya Regardinl French Lorth
tioverhm:e
ani
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1. I have read Professor Vignan-x.'s m morandum0
all the available articles in the New York TImes to which
14 rcff_irs, Varian Fry's article in t1 New Be ublic, Pnd
various background material in current Miles cf
Anshington papers.
It is xy opinion thc:t Profe;Eor Vi.:nau.;11z
theory appears tc be lot2;a11y correct acor'2inG to th:: Law
of February 150 1372. From a practical stand t,
however, the wea'Amess in the theory is 1,1a-(1.fold. ?irst0
it apiiears to run counter to the United States policy
an enunciated by President Roosevelt inn() oclives that
the exprssion of Prcnen soverei,Lnty hao oeenteraporarily
suspended by ciermaa oc;upation and rogards t?ie r:rit:re
sot-up in Afrlca as i.,1G de.:trmined by military o.
ency. Second, it 1. }1,e_ros 'cral Gira.ld and would appear
to aatOTTIolely demando LC De :Mille, beeau3 it
woqld repIac GlraiAlb oivil admInitrnJ,toa withth t of
the nootIsell,B vnf,reaux" of tho various North Africon
d,flpartempnta which w(tr, 1% (3:-.1stc.;ne tt tiAe
Marshal Petiain in offer:t,tlf-ietLded the Frnch Nr;.tiorlal
Assem'Ay in July, 1040. Third, the tiv:ory partially
ienores the Lmmediata fri-ErYirr demands of military
nocessity for the pmsfInt unifIffd coveramwital scvt-up
w,uld be) rt*lucod with doeitralized adnInistration by
Wvartemontal CounQi3s r;c1a,.'rc-1 at timu; vdhan proper
eMotuation of military ;)ffonsive ilaas quick
rtIsponive action.
Particularl:/0 in view of the probable strenuous
4vposition by Genfilra :41raud, i doubt vorj much whOiher
tho practical benefits which the Profeasor onvislons,
harmon and unLty among French politoal 1eadors
w1t4 rozardts 1orth Afr-1. an vadatii tr i on, would be
Ugom14,4 1r the?tileory ip put into erect.
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100440008-8
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E4 The 'base of Professor Vignauxts legal theory
is the Law of February 15, 1872, which provides that
where the National Assembly of France is illegally
dissolved or prevented from assembling for any reason,
the General Council in each denartement shall "provide
without delay for the raintenance of law and order and
legal administration" until such time as an Assembly of
delegates of Councils General can be constituted.
From this Professor Vignaux aruges that any
provisional government, such as Giraudts "Imperial Council",
which may be set up is without legal foundation since
the Act provides for the exercise of only local power,
and that therefore the presidents of the Councils General
in North Africa have the right to claim for their As
the power to govern their respective depaletements. The
constitution of such civil power wauld minimize "the
political pretensions" of Giraud and De Gaulle and would
limit the activities of both Generals solely to military
matters regarding the conduct of the war. At the same
time, restoration of the "conseils genereaux" on tha basis
of the Law of 1872 would "legitimatize" the French
Government in North Africa and would be a means of con-
tinuing there the French sovereisnty w]lich President
Roosevelt recently declared had been suspended in France
by German occupation.
3. In considering the practical soundness of
Professor Vignauxts theory, the views of other political
writers, French political leaders, and the present policy
of the United States with regard to French North Africa
may be helpful. These are summarized briefly.
A. Political Writers
(1) ARTHUR KROCK, in the New York Times, January 3,
1943,717UFriWa?Ehat at 16-6717 the frEitTga of Frencn
sovereignty must be maintained in North Africa if
a "holy" war with Islamic tribes is to be avoided
there, He Aeemed to feel that this chain of
continuous French sovereignty could be maintained
by Giraudts then governmental set-up, i.e.,
Ivorial Council, etc. In his opinion, any
Institution of direct military rule by the Allies
wou1d be catastrophic.
Declassified
and Approved For Release 2013/09/26 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100440008-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100440008-8
%.4
Remablic, January 110
, -
return: Ta"The status --quo ante
tAltjOnsi,pn of the National Assembly),
-a ah?the 1.34)enAl. Government in Africa was
4eilli144mate government in a le3a1 sense for
as 13tiSse4 upon Laval s coup di6tat by which th.,
pnch ASiebly Ceded its powers tc Petatn. In
:6ffeetthis was an attempt to oiish the Republic
and that power the Assembly dic not possess.
Former presidents, Herriot and Jea_Inz,ney, as
well as Professor ViLnaux, are in a.sr=3emeat on t:lis
last point.
French Political Leaders
(I) Ihe three Presidents of the Coun.;ils 3en.ral
of Constantine, Alziers, Eorocco (1,1ro of wcn
were deputies in the rerublican French Y.etional
Assembly )wrote Adrliral 3arlan as-Frtin: that his
government had no legal basis. The: .maintalaed
that under the French Constituc,ion of 175 only a
mcetIng of the uhree Councils Lnvral
the necessary legal authority C verbei 24, 1942;
see 1!.. Times, 5cezber 31, 1442.;, 2. 7, 2(_1, 6).
On Df1.774=1-70 a similar lett.Br was s ent to
President Roosevelt urs'Lnz thLJ, sinc the Allies
had aome to North Africa as lioertors f FrrIch
territory rather than as ar, Aruy of Occupation
they had no right to be an apykr nt
laiDnin't on the French pecplE a form of t:ovtrnm,:-nt
that.. marly mijlt re3:79rd as n,:thiLL, out NI1-1-:,ary
(2)ADMIRAL DA2LAN, Aovc:mbr, 1942, in declarin
hillisErirri773Ior o:
French in aoFth
Africa and appointin; 1.m.ud as Ids Oonanfl..?r-irl-
Chief?tased his autludrity to Jo :o on that
orizLnally received by 'aim Croa Petaia
whom h4.1 now consider to be 11-1 ullItches of
the ,:frarmans and unable to exercise any fre.:: will.
(Uew YorkO ov ? Tiltes ' 19420 p. 4, col. C).
y r
(4)
,RALA GIRA,11.11), on February 6, 1943, assumed
_
the e of Vrervih civil and railitary Commander-
in-Chief, 9:bolls:nod the an..1 political?,:harac..-
I 1.c.s Of the North African Imperial Couvtc11,
aet up mn AdvLsory War Cornittee an' a high
,mic otTur4:11 with natIvo representation,
_-01.1?Atton 0! a-)ermaroaLER :tpic-al constiv,1-
k 1;740: -Tc,) e CO E-le"Cia ofri 76-77Tion
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100440008-8
4 two ..1?
'44 ?111171:178j-it th-et
e::.1;11:-7 h
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11 76, :twin i- but. 0 o : ': , ?
9ri
it r ii.c.1 - .i.,;.? the 'Tog or lilebruary 15, 1872 .
'AU a F. ci11- co
: -......liR ''''I- b4,4ril RO' OSilki Lit': :. in 0:4's *speech o f Fel) ru.s. ry
. ::',1,T[3",;IdFcT7ef,. rs-Fir eh 617j a bv,e'r o i 471V3- r e 5 ts
,:t thel'people. .?-of ' _Frexlc e.'i?: t'i'.\-:41,t i ts exi-al e s s i on had
en:: t.,emiorkrily iillsp ended ,b5il-r?GerajltAn oc cup at 1 on
1'14 ithet ',?-: after a Irrii tei'd Nati oils 1 ,vi a tor.'y , the
riali'oh?' p'e'diple would be rd'rpr e' seriltod, by a govortimalt
, -it4',,,,,their , own popular ohoio e .
In an earlier t a tement to the pre s subsequent
the time Admirta Darl an was recoepi z ed by the
:Allies at Frenc,h le.ador in 14orth Africa, President
,Booieielt referred. to the whole Darl an se tip as
jde tiermined by "military expediency" , ana he did
.not- attempt to justify i to from a legal s tandpoint
( 2) , -SECRETARY MU bel.tev e that there i et no
, ;single 3evere- gn government of bile French people
_
005, rat ati the United States is informed, that such
I.Veingoveramant will lave to await
.14:t1toC the French' p e owl at, which Wile they w
Ill
tO choose their own: loadePS aO indiCated
Article I VI of' .11,e A tl an tic Charter.
' -4.-Hr Prot-6 r 'Vtp.naux, f3 1eor-r appeaws 1.) e
, =
e al 64 oxb :311rwecieF0. For inc the
4J
,0 in0Adatp: ? to' l'ita,11- 611411 P t a in in Jul0, no ubs*quflt y
y has bsf:,e,r1 on.voked
angil OPOr *ah opar t emon
tkfl ?1ran waa Ieti11i,?0,4i4J..:Owered to ma in t
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100440008-8
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tft tkitork 00',,,1)-7-i4ilitkry oxp@dlonoy'Lt _Upon :_ ._
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01A11110-tion4moi44tionOonora Giraud inam doolgnaLod ao
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4 hWikuoatissor i2n,\'ortiooi 'Iso thAt tho lino of, authori,to't
''ooglimda 14 Us LiY ollitary X oadorm nt tho it?me _ a tho ,
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2.?Oution pomAinto unbrokon* Thon, toot Propideat noottovolt
, - 0 doolurod that thip oxproasion of Trench novor*I4tInty
hat, boan tomporarily ounpondod by Gorman 000upation and
both ho and Sooratetry Uull havo takoi . tho pcoition that
any FrAoh ,volloilsrl govormonl) munt wit libAration
tho Pronoh poopl? o*
With rognr1 to (2)0 tbe Do Ganlliots would
no doubt olApport tho theJory binoo in tho patild thoy havo
in tovor,i,41 lntitanooa oallod ratontioq to LW) Law of
? mad thoy havo oontinnally objuotod to Lilo Toltioutoy
a tho protiont Pronah a0m1r0.ntration in Nvtil Arrl? eo?
Gonoral lirnud would undou0L001 NU1i,.,1411o1101,y kiup4.10 tho
th(ga7 booaugo It woul4roplauo hlo c;w11. otv11 AllmlnImbra,-
?tip% with ckai;, oil tito Counuiln gongrA4 Thno tbo dAvloiwi
tAtwoon tho 'wo loronoh military 1A6L0.---;L wolild probably
acot?ltuatAs VIltithiq,m,or, o 11110aV?oo nr lobo
thoory would advvocly afoot our i7rtbrIn6 rrlon6ly
rolAtion* wiLil Oortoral Oimuttd. Itc (ulnd rearo;tfAbll
?
roenrd our tupport or at at Lhoovy AO n itiooLuro 1,,C vv(;tot-;.!;-
nitIon of Do GatIlle) tl,:i blJo lipkdor or tio) VrtAlcli pooplo.
Wo oc:uA6 not vu 'y wr,11 4re,a,c, that tho "oorifl Ils 1.-yinAllroli;-,?
Ao4Lkallyworfl to ohooun rqtromfmUntivoo of tAlo 17'VOrloh
in Uorth Arrtoa t'o' l'AMM(1 olc:otlow.1 hi,J,d 000urpod ovor
: twei yoftra a6o, 4nd Lhoro appo4v6 110 lu'ioitli, 1,1411Awl,taon
ththt, tho Proltah pruplo 111. prtyror thilm wi W -1u 100&:,vo.
An election t',,) dctf;voli,ltu thoti C4ot In ,JUvloutay :mpraoLloo,l?
th rfaL-jaPeJ to (:5), VPC,N 1,1, mUttnrd otAndpotot,
t itiloourno Otrihudia pr000nt, unIfic.d 6uvramontal
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admItilatlitioq Ocgit4tOn Olomntaph eC .1Livo rclwonwita-
4.10(1 would -1,,,,,potIr wore drolEiablo Ublva bo deboontralivm tho
64Alnititration of North Arplon, ,:tIrsmit.it to It prOvitliofto
of au) Law of 1072. In a "tIOAt011 ut (dporw,ttone prompt
, roaporAalvo aation on tho p6t.o1, oV olvIl autkovitiqa4 la
i, too6ntlal tr twoogi arfooLuntion, or YaliAtary ofrowavo
pIant lo to b twomfalchod. Iltie$ Imlby of Aotton **Lad
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The attached memorandum presents at interesting
theory, on a legalistic basis, of a method by which
Algeria might be governed according to the Law of
February 16, 1872.
Mr. Wde, has called our attention to the fact
that an article in the NEW REPUBLIC of laat week
aal
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100440008-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100440008-8
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CONFIDENTIAL
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PAtti.ORg tfiNiN?gil Vi4t0 4.4 6ii* N.tql-0,4!-
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411
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r*Ltlisio,th; '*tts4tt thAtt) on Noy. .44.!44 threo mitieltvrtt
(00,14103 '(1sitteraux) or the '.thrtit ap,attratat ;ityl
ito,luoirk-riiilit la OnStitlit provisiorucl leit authorittro
,ond. is ievaidealtriy- founded on the law of Feb. 150 187;4 of whi4k1
herewith,.
DE N
IIALVMEM
!,?
'410,44041 timtt migkrt 0 th
60 in ut law a oolution t
timeey of /Winch power (litked to the quest
p, ?
ttlieversiimity,imvokod Lsy Artbur KOook ln tho N.Y.
a
o the irritating qutiln
Lou, of the oontimity
V.MBS of Jan. 1).
?Jpe4 $*400
i? of immediate interest; as lona ao it romaina unmolved a delp
r and 411 oompetttlone, Intriguers and advcritaras, and tho apirit
3,1no-aieong the populations ia thereby woakened.
talop present timop that only ligaluel in the powers of General Oi...tut4 :
40plerial POIMOU Wh13011 appointed him Iles In the Itax with tho Marnhalo hood
4410 Tictly $tate, 4hm intedwadiary being the ltto AdmL:tal Darlftn
lb* imathess cif this 4,1Siajauz eppears to bt tvefol4t
ra.
4n our opiniole thp logitinecy would only bip inaurkd
eomoldering blesoLf prisonorp had lance the total
hiaself to the atom political milence and papoility
Welans, but the Marshal coneidyrs thut he ham
emeogh; et least to ditikvow those who claim to be him
Lf tho New.:001410
ocotapmtl:)1, oonfirod
ao King Loopold of
power QT vvernmwit,
rim tl
o .vebi in
on the r hand, for all thoye who have net tho nyoticiam tc,
MArsb41 restate and wants the French to fight Oortamly, tho
timory of thy Vichy raglot la ahaken.
either hrradieal oritieism which ettuoke the volT validity of tho mJ4-144t4
olltrAatid. to the ihrshal by the N4tional Amaimbly Ouch am the) vriticiaill
cootainied in flu organic dfoleration of tha do Gaulle; movomont, Nov, 16,f4;
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, 417z provide that; in mutt a ease ant' uttil such time
leotes or Coumit4 Ombra can be const!Auted, tbet5 1!i each
ialmoratewuncil 0.01 provide without dolay for the mainteukaice
and legal adanivtretlion.01 Thbre-is no queotion of heving a
11, Goa:king in the rause of the whole itountry but ortiy
pour* howeveir, in not simply )a. facia power but is 411E4
Vp5tn national sovereignty.
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Of tie Councils General in Algeria therefore have a rJght ccleil
,Asaeliblies the right to constitute e. provisionk:. administration of tklt
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vOftpi the ex4ielly authorities object that the Martial has ususpenfieory..
to the Councils General; the latter, accordinE to the law, Pave the
assuab10.
te do Gaulle movement it could not but recognize ouch a power, sinceit
'1,,A,0Xgani4 de-claret:ton attaCks the Vic- Government for the susperwion
Councils 'morel and refers specifically to the law of Feb. 15, 1872.
iNovconstitxtUn of ouch civil power would at least minime the political 1_,;.-
.:tItisiOAS of the unitary ohiers and the iptrigues around the; all the ziore
sa,the prOhlo* of a provisional goy? ent for Frellce would. be postponed until
the liberation of the terr:tory when it could be 3o1ved according to tir sEe
taw Of 3Z44
lbe miaistration! (ordre lige') would, in principle, be the Eepubli,an
Maindistration as it existed prior to the Armist, but ler reason3 of 21;blic
and ord./x.4 the existics legislation might not be comp3etely upoe, in am,
quastiont would be settled by men elected by, and it contact with, tha
'WM*
11140041rW4v*: of' neva Onivistrstions in Alseri* would I.Atc rootorati-n,
of *II orgsitaatioso *high include repreeentation of the nmcive5.
Wme,A. this aututias only *pplics to tge Algerian .142,1110:trata, its adopticr,
40* eon U0A400 Upda the rtmainder of Frehoh Africo: no Ima,O.al colgis1;,
the. lorovision*1 goverment of Francej tow organinm of tfhi$
T47'
to all the ?roach territorist overaotei wolld nec-4a6,4a.:t1)'
wale osctaotvoly 4ilitary funet,ionst limited Le) fl.e
0 of the paws exerclgr4 by the awmbero of thl Cow1,1
11100A the imAttetanoel, of los and areal? mnd Joi2. mci-in14,_
be 680110014 10' ortunisl., ova ts the Councilo Gellc.m1 illerevex
Allorhates of,ftvoch ciftisen$* (At Ms tAme te EabmtniN:
tbo 04ior11 Council* or C*Ionlal eQinicila of other fvhrrito
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Output iva maintier de la tranqui1lit4 publikiuc ot de. le- -1( )
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votblio 4ompow4 de deux dilkusis ilus pAr cmlw-11
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