OSS - GREEK MISSION, GENERAL CORREPONDENCE, 1944

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: OSS Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 294
• Document Creation Date: November 3, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 26, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: January 14, 1944
• Content Type: MISC

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Declassified and Ap roved For Release 2013/09/26 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
61,
Office Memorandum ? UNITED S
To hr18, clonoral Win tam Donovan DAM March 40 1D44
eitom Arthur J ? n (adhere,
swum., 1'bor Demic Ant tvl tleqrie1.1).#4A.vo to Crooco
Vurn umn I. tm our o onve rest I on, I sond you
horowl th n m tntmmont tAlo aetiviti on nf the Labor
Denk, nt Cr41 ro relative t(0 nrooloo.
!i no wr I tl ne, the roport, wo hovo roeetved
N ( #22h04 ) rr(mi Mr . Rol 1 ondor In Cairo statine
hn t Ct:;zv@ras hns bein oommi nni oned a second 1icutenint
14 nd thnt Fort el os misN1 on wil3 depart next week
nri Annroved For Release 2013/09/26 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
eclassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26?CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
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asport Onwore Labor Dook Aotivitiom in Middle
IPIP wir ??04..e. .a WWI ,1#14/2h.ft alOgit~V.OWINFWD.4, .1111.4MOSINWr/PailiMIAll
ThOcaor Polative to cir000e
:;lnoo nrrlOng In Chiro In lAte Novombor to not
Yho Labor Dook, vortimer Kollohdov hao toncentratod
lAv_olj un Lho nithhilahmont of contnotm with the Oreok
IEA (Nnttonal Liberat
...wwww.400.0000
?I }I LEJI !Approval r;olonol Moourtikl and with anolgtanoo
rrum t1,0 ."rook Donk 0".r. Dow), him erforto hnvo materialized
into the Poriolom Prqjeot,
The project nv nt tho immodiato penetration of
)roiod or0000 with thc objoot of obtain1n6 rlrat-hand
ntelligonoo of mil1tar;; psycholozioalo political
?
?
-nment will be to didoovor moann of
i'phannola for the exohange of information
4
Fagratod in conaiderablo moacaro, while
e only one alight contact; Indeed one
lands in Anuary4
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0001_9
SEC W.I"
The 40th Wook'y koport contains the following
stntowent: "From Informal talks with pro-EAM elements in
;Wye, am wall as ()the- nitorce:), the impronsion wan Fa5ned
thnt Lho Lahlr Denkla) cennoetton with thf) Crook
Thlon wfilld he thf; hit moans to ent In toueh with
mItIn 'iLnwo ronp Inn1de Ireeee."
An nitn-ho(i ,rlemorniinm proporoA by Lieutenant
zomn kT the 'root, :)41'11( In (./IIro aupports tho ber_of that
the num(n.nun nnfi ntloctiv(; runintanco or6anizntion
In Greece Is tho EA" wIth Itn c:Jaorrilla force known ns the
4
ELA2 (UhLI'mal LiberntIon Army). Aecordinc to
the Jnion of DomocrAtIn Control, a London ordanIzation in-
;ervItnE the ,ritisn public on reststanee movements tn
venupied Eurnpo, thn iA omerzod frOlowInc the german
ecclipotIln of nreoco In 1D41. The nu3lous appears to have
been the ilbpral, Thei33ist, f.;ommunist and Agrarian groups
who led thn oprooitien to tho Netaxan regime, In any event,
It ls known to embrace todny the only croups of organized
labor In Iroece, Ineludinr, the transport, dock, Industrial,
buildin and sorvloe trades, white o,311ar, Government and
lommel-c4n1 workerl. With these and other forces, FAM has
dirootfld a series of strikes atmed against the Greek quisling
governmont and has also struok at German oommunioations by
destroylnc bridges, tunnels, eta. Today, EAM appears to
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Irimonr1r iho .:rn(14 HnInn In AltunndOns ono
.PPLAymnstim, vrtorAh or Lho 1V11 Wt4r. ligrelyAnnlm
mAn to miloolwa.my 1:hri ritmVis mtmthor ((It-114011441
..tiWitart3M) I ,It%I. ho (110 itot moAnWtio Up
to thn linnOnCt quL411110111.113141, ()It JglitAUPy WAAM ro-
mmn, 610. It id IttlOmdri4Vy to ohL4in hi sLeATWOVAry
rolnnio from (,tin i:vook AVmy. Thorn 1m Almo porimIbillty
111,11 .142.mymnn1m hImmnir omn hr inChinoM to LAUO t.1? j()1,
It ihnt111 iri notn0 thul, !.4royuhni/5 hnn aoolInod
iomitoortallooI ni 1tyollo 1poviC100 mri l'otIVMPAR, nOMpgnirgi.
1.1 ni1!mmtno1 000 will oovol. pli o:Iponmom ror
If 0
t t 1 wh1 ihini Iii hrs ritritipl 01 6,1 WI I hi ii 1 MWOOkil ? 111441110
lltol to nhc! rvi'm 1:14.3no wIll ho hy nalritto, it
h(1110vnl Lh.tit (ovilormi 0011V4VM1 w111 bo moro orrelotiVo If
otm
hr prolontod KV AO 4h orrinor &Intl Itopti hnvo boot
Imholi L11 ohtm1ti 11m10 oltmmItin1011 fov him go A 6000nd
'IotioLlmo# portionnol tor tho projoot aro
'iri1 iii.'1.001.111Loo both horo 4o6 In CAITios ono Orook radicl
0011.14tor ih 41140Aay on Potito to atypti
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_ ? .? ,F,iP.4"4,,Karimintwit141%1WRIMMIMMIWIftWOMIMMINPVA1MAJAMATM
"L C
orrioo ;1:14tatoic llorviuA5
Armv PO'Gt1rJ In Ow Middlo Eant
Dmooml'imr 20 1043
Ntilmn !lootiono n nnd A Wamillnaton
ht. c. P. Xdpion; Or0 (air
ji.f,T1 A ,!finernl 11:1iAmh10iV PolitienI SttlIntion
0,1t I ii (!D (I
A ''no.t whioh mnoV4:jiti will 01/01' 1norognIn4 clarit.y
T11 1uin 11 but iru1 1o%;(01 pomi tj. on cif' Ei.V4.-BilAS
wit rtlikin oovItOogl lrisoco. Oompqtim: 1orenn-
47.Ntionv nm (,(11. rfitArrnnt BKKA In Thoehnly, PAO; the
the) Yi!X In MneNtidonlAt nnd thn Abortive BOA
(i"Li1 ii orynnomla Axl 0110.114'0n) in the loloponnomom, have
Lora! dootrozle.0, remderod Innorluoum, or rnrood to join EAU-
ELAR. Tho only vorrillo orannizatton of any real importance
t$IntInt, 'n Oreoeo todoy, nmido from EL.A.8) im Col. zorvmal
IDV!", in Wryly). wits havtal I-1,11410Ni nvor 5000 mon; whorwo
the., momt conpervative emtimate tor thitJ pt or ELLS is
over 20;000.
EAU hati Ono bu.13t up an apparently Well orchnizod and
ofroOlv myotem of controle within the cities and tow/1m of
Oreone, open in the resionm not under Ionian control, more
or 14en under nover elnowhere. The orzatization in each
otty or town in oontrolled by a Committee; there aro sub-
nidiary control's for tho various quarterm me a oity and local
nontrolo Vor unitn nm mmal) ao a number of l'ilooko.
nro ordinnrily run hy a fourmman committees By these mothode
1SAM Is able tc% secure information continually ti to shat in '
q:otne 0)14 Ism o*urto exiato in which persona ohapaa "3th
wnrking for the Oermanm or being "arti-national e 14#antiv,
isdu;., two trieel, IV Pound aunty thoy are often 1,07-40d,
*nd there to no doubt that SAM has in iibi& way ta' qlfy
limponoa qatolings, It is ropettecqy aMki101q,
opponentm that permons whose only came is dirss,
the wny in the mato.manner, and itsokma,:tb be
EAMia almoo and rePanal to work for,BAM4'.groi;
holm ocerarrod in mom lAstamos, PAW to ORV. h , .
havin betrayed member ot rival erOinlmia,tipn
not d rootly, but by publishitg the. tatitCAU
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5).
OlAndustine new ton - for oxamploo in
Wine, their political viowa and activitlom,
cpaPers nomo, of conroo, Into the handm of
re0ona of oroece directly nnaor ELIO
'et
in an admIntatrativo atructtlre: open
CO td from the poanantm nmually
an Attempt im mod') to mnintain public
or tho noody.
$5 tEl otront; In all pnrtn or oroono, Mit partlo-
-trul Oroece (Storan Hollaa, thooht
_011MOit),
601600DIA. In tho roloponhortn 't ho Ji rooti
:nrol reontiveNly omn11 nnd honoc the onntro1
In Hobron tho zuorrillan are EnmIte but
,vo ro1)0141. ctqatlat with EAU' morouvor,
4111111e4i. VAM in promenL, wIth nr
nn all lalandm.
bt fit ol) that. 4,AM In oonLrolled by th
rem-0, T101 nhlorfImroSANTOn,
7 rrom 1(qmtor1a In Wentorn Muoodonia. HO
or andI ri io9orlhed am "KnowIng
9D h Ohy". IA la atato4 that whon
,ealnt.i:n of tho Central CommIttooa of
y of irecoo) or tho PAM no ono rano
bo momtluen entirely. Other 4mportant
-amid Go fvom tho nwio ,20neVal 01'0119
oharoctorlmtioally Hollonic
tho t''ommunintp onv pornonn
)0,oltAt tri tho EAV, thoy oontrol them.
a pionomirvil nttomnt unothor Polit-
tY1-!4 domiontlon of UM.
, hftvo ronponnible pt,miti3no In tho %LAS
Clow thh 101Y, lino or lote their 11'112$
povlal 1)0-1 t on owl and 14%,0 joined
,invo 1Itionm flf roal pnwor. It to be-
difrivult mnywharo in Ornooe to engage
ty without beln n membor BitM,; one
r nnt flt nil. Thare 10 littio doubt that It
4.by 1.) etnool out or talte ovor all other
ratlintlrnm and cfuerrilaa groapa in Or00001 ae
ro-e la lihorotoct the Alliem will be f000ti with
"onom111. It 11 th1:1 poli ay which led tO the eivil
e flon hrui
In R A vol(4.t. 14V0 tho Rtutomont in made that the
civil war wwl "oratmn 1n11)1146d". Thin is time, but in a
t way than that ropnrt implion. Tho Germane Are, of
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hOridt'd MOM like AN I O would stubbornly pyratte a proeram
Mitch thdy 1,now be Cultilled after tho wmr. Tf they
oflitintw nlonk: theme lines, 11 1:4 surely honwoo they do
feel that the. EA" pru_raw oari 1.o pill into affect, lv net with
tht.. lonnont hWlond nnd LUO United 3i.fiten, then with thf,
bao1c1nr ot tuaq1a. EMI la o.'11:11Ntertlsj ohaPc,06 with havin?:
relf,tionn with LuleArlan ctodministt, and with not havillc,
a sulTioloutly "national" attitude towhrls Hulcaria.
19 etatod that 1,t11orion Thmmunists hnvo helped 1.A" ac,entn
ontor Lhb Lu18Ar1sr! occupied rovion8 (1r northern i;recoe.
Russia ntill maintains diplomatic reprosontativen In ;oft ii
and onteot hotweoil 1ho Em! and in ranalhle hy this
meant'. it seems not ,itiprobahle that 1.n1ieven it Onr1
count roJqinn su Tort ortor Moration.
1.10 at tnin Imint wo lenve Orooce ond entor tho
problem or 11,0 rotations botwr:en tho hoeislaw) and the
Communist-lvd req1tItanoo aoups in Sonthenstern Europe nm
a whole. Wo have the Notional Liberation ll'ont (YAM) In
Oroece, U rphably .ommuniet-led National Liberation Committee
in Aibanio, '11 to' rartisanm - the Notional Iiberation Arn
in many parts or Ylion)!.via, while there Is a Atmilarly
named oronlv.ation with lomunist leadership awonot the
4,''.slovenes. There my well be other examples linlenown to me.
Tn my !ttetzwr,tint iuoh similarity of ur4;an1rationel pattern
and nilmenolusture can hardly he rortnitous. I believe that with
thin :Iroblem In mind R and A SOO should omhmric on o study
or these ori,anizationn an o whole, that the information from
different areas should he pnoleU and compared it may woll
be possible that we have to do with a concealed policy of
Russian-Communist activity designed to appear In the form of
orontoneuus growths within thd various occupied countries
concerned.
To return ho orooce. The opposition to EAN within
eeco is widespread and deeply felt, MO it is not poworful
eV fective. The common people want ltheratlon And rccd
tical mntterm aro loss than aeoondary . Many portions,
s amone them, who have otrongly opposed the Kip& now
hat tO PAVE) arenoe from EV domination the King should
.epted if It In the wtsh of the Allies, Another winter
rvation approaches. The Allies havo Ignominiously
in the Aegecn. Rusatan successes cont!_nue. No
t is mule Inr the Anios to counter the BAN by devlsing
k policy whloh will steal EAM' s thunder and hearten
11( poople. Pinch is the political situation inside
ed c'lleoce at the beeinning of Deoember loittal two years
x months after the German conquest,
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NIOMPOP?66.11111100.10.150?104Waitrobs........
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ite-e. pt?
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OPFIVIC OF STRA'rEGIC SERVICES
AMOY IPOItCitIml IN THIC mingeme 'GAST
Brig. Gen. William J. Donovan,
Director, Office of Strategic 8ervices:
Washington, D. C.
Deal General Donovan:
22 February 1944
This letter is beinr written for two reasons; (a) I believe in
its contents, and (b) Ambassador MacVeagh has suggested that I write it.
The question of relief to Greece, Albania and Yugoslavia after the
1 retirement cf the Gomans, with particular emphasis on Greece, has been one
which has been given a great deal of thought by 05eFIME, various civil
agencies here, and the War Department in Washington. in Cairo it is felt
that the soundest principle woud be to huvu American participation on a
ee-5u basis with the British, and that, in the first stages, would be
uneertaken by Military forces. Plans towards implementing such an effort
have been nearly completed here by USAFIME. The War Department has, on the
other hand, recently taken the view that no American troops may be spared
fer this project and have stated that a maximiurt of 25 officers, as observers,
wou,.(1 be furnished. This is nothing more than following along it the wake
of the British, to share the blame if there is failure and receive no
credit for success. it is a policy which I believe to be fundamentally
veleound.
\1 can not argue from a military standpoint that American troops
zliouid be supplied for the purpose mentioned above as, obviously, they may
L'e more useful ie other theaters. I do, however, believe that there
hoe.d be American leedeentAp to the military mission which will undertake
he Leek. It ntee eeceme er easingly more evident in the past 6 months
NrAt, the Greek peoile and e %,1 eient have a growing distrust of the
tish. I teellw.e stroegly thae firet-class, high-ranking American
i
?oinero.1 as c;ommandine General of t.ee Joint Mission (even if no American
troops are involved) weuld do much to allay the rears of the Greeks and
voell aid the latter in having confidence that a nonepolitical, unselfish
and ho:lest. effort would be made.
Arbassador MacVeagh has written a strong letter to the President
ee
tris eubject, as well as cabling the State Department. He feels that
thin evAtter lo of the utmost importance and qlweptsApat.initf you agree)
it elhe he oesible for you to exiress WOlewb t6"thd reesident, the
auto dejartment and the War Department, with particular emphasis on the
mentioned,
61,
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APOh
Sincerely yours,
0ionse 2013/09/26 CIA-RDP13X00 01R00010
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Memorandum to
?rola
28 reboot*? 1944
General Magruder
Mr* Scribner
Mr* Shopardson
MATO
VETO
Planning 02400
fteeutlie Mies
Under date of 21 Febraary 1944 tim ftato AliPartai
ment sent to the Merlon Legatiou, Cairo, a 4able (088
No. 28976) to the effect that the 4olutU. 111* CUlafs of
staff and British Chiefs of Staff have *reeled te instruct
the Allied CommanderwinmsChlet in the Mediterranean that
Greek seldiers *re to be used when military Oftsideratiefas
permit*
?i113.
???-
Z. J1 lioutscri itik*
Bartok UM
Asst, msfttitin. Oftiect
o? fg.if'.?4 t#'441
%40.4par.iii4 W 111.
? ...Hoar!
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OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES
INTEROFFICE MEMO
TO: Brig. General Uilliam J. Donovan DA1Et January 14, 1944
FROM: Lt, Colonel Florimand Duke
SUBJECT: Greek Mission
The overall basic directive from J.C.S. to 0.8.5., gives
to O.S.S. the right to all intelligence operations and other
activities in enemy occupied territory. Greece being one of the
occupied countries therefore, the fate of, or any attempts to
help, the Greek people lies in the hands of 0.5.8. As Director
of 0.S.S., consequently it follows that this fate lies directly
in your hands.
What are we doing about it? What is our policy concerning
Greece? Are we to leave the fate of the Balkans entirely up to
Russia? Should we somehow try to organiee the Greeks and help
the 90%, who are not Communists, to maintain a democratic form of
government, which they have so long desired?
Up to now, it is my impression that 0.S.S. is not doing
anything in this direction and we are not attempting to do it in
the proper, most effective way. The mere fact that the British
are pulling out, is all the more reason why we should go in.
We have had three or four teams on some of the Islands of
Greece and have been quocesrful recently in landing two teams on
the mainland. Only this week (January 10th) did we receive the
first message from one of the teams on the mainland. These teams
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are purely for information an4 are not designed to do the bigger
or more important job.
The on= of the whole situation in Oreeoe in to find out
definitely how strong is tho &AIM,' what the people think of it,
who are its leaden,* what are its aMbitionm. Apparently it is the
etrongost resistance group and feel oonvinoed that the proper
team, made up of Amerioans and Greeks, oould live with this group,
work with it in the beginning and gradually guide it in the right
direotion and make of it a real united fcroe to oombat the enemy,
This team, if properly **looted, would have good chances of uniting
the different groups in Oreeoe, who are now fighting eaoh other.
I say this must be an Amerioan group beoauee you have just
returned from there and know the situation, You must realise that
the British are new stymied in Oreeoe and that the Britiah would
have everything to gain and nothing ti) lose by letting an Ameriean
groap attempt this all important taek.
Certainly the one thing that the British pire wants is to
koop ()rime from becoming part of the Soviet Union, For strategical
and many other reasons, / am sure our country would feel *he ease.
Therefore, anything that this Amerioan group would do in Greece,
would be for the interests of Great Britain as well as ourselves.
I have spent three years now living among and knowing these
Greek people, and understanding them. They have confidence in me
and I ?an get any one of a dosen or more who would be willing and
most anxioum to go with me into Grime to do this JO.
Whatever policy you, the Theatre Commander, or our Ito%
,
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Department wanted concernin Orme, I am sure we oould carry out.
We should go there with a definite direotive from you. Such a
Manion, I happen to know, would readily have the approval of the
!Mt. Department, and the British 8.14. in Washington.
I have various plans in mind, the organisation of which is
pimply a matter of detail and onn 1)1 implomented very quiokly
along the linen of the plan "elected by you.
In npite of adverne oomments you may have heard about me in
Cairo, I still believe that when you oonsider all the faotors
involved, that I will prove to be the best and most logioal man
you Gould find to head suoh a mission. / sinnerely hope that,
on noon an convenient for you after your return, I may have the
opportunity to disouns this further and in more detail with you.
F. Duke
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THI1 FOREIGN IERVICit
Or 'FHB
UNITED EITATEM or AMERICA
AMERICAN EMBASSY
Ankara, aanuary 151 1944.
The Honorable
Wm. a. Donovan,
Office of Stratogie Services,
Oairo, Ugypt.
Dear Hill:
I was delighted to reoeive your letter of
Zanuary 8th and to learn therefrom that you are well,--
even if your letter Wde on business.
Needless to say I shall do whatever liee within my
power to further Miss Oox's desire to oreate t stock of
supplies with which to offer immediate relief to the
Greek ielande after their liberation. If she contemplates
doing BO on a small scale there should be little difficulty
but if she hu in mind, creating substantial stocks then I
foresee serious diffieulties for the following reasons:
Insofar au concerns duty free entry, it is most un-
likely that the Turkish authorities would permit the entry
into the country of any considerable amount of supplies--
even for relief purposes--without the payment of the
ouetomiltry duties. The customs laws here are severe and .
may only be modified by Parliaments Insofar as I am aware
there is no provision for free entry exoepting for the
personal effects of the Chief of Mission-wand they may
not be given away or sold4. Furthermore, having regard to
the acute political situation here at the present times
it is most unlikely that the Turkish authorities would
permit the entry of any considerable quantity of supplies
without inspection. They have not forgotten the lesson
of Norway.
Insofar as concerns the arrangements worked out between
the British and the Turkish authorities for their military
stores in Turkey, Miss Oox appears to havt overlooked the
fact that this arrangement Imes squarely under the British-
Turkish military alliance, that the stores are checked by
the Turks on entry that they are assigned to specified
areas for a speoitio purpose and are regarded as part of
the British obligation to provide military stores and
equipment for Turkey in the event of the country's entry
into the wars I
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As the Turkish-British alliance has always been
recognized by the Germane, the Turks have permitted
the British certain privileges which they have con-
sistently denied to all other countries, including the
United States, on the grounds that to grant similar
privileges to a nation other than its ally migbt be
regarded as provocation by the Germans.
In short, while I may be able to assist Miss Cox
to achieve her humanitarian objectives within the
diplomatic privaegeo.extended to M4 by the Turkish
Government, it is most unlikely that they will permit
her to accumulate any substantial stocks of supplies in
Turkey on a duty free basis.
On the other hand, it occurs to me that there must
be some provision of Turkish law?similar to that which
exists in other countries?permitting the entry of mer-
chandise in bond without the payment of duty provided
it is re-exported within a specified period of time.
Mias Cox may wish to explore this posaibility and I shall
of course be glad to render her every assistance and
facility in this regard.
I quite agree with you that the Samos episode
indicated that the effective cooperation between Miss
Cox and Captain Caskey could produce fruitful results
and I am sure that it has been called to your attention
that General Wilson in a letter to me graciously acknow-
ledged the assistance rendered to the British forces.
I assume that on Miss Cox's return she will take up
with me the subject matter of your letter and as I have
said above I shall do everything within my power to assist
her. If we are unable to help her carry out her plans,
it will be solely because of the objections of the Turkish
authorities which we are unable to overcome.
'""? ?
II
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INSIDE GREECE
1113..ar
A total of close to 35,000 (Greek) guerrillas are opposed to
German and Bulgarian troops aggregating some 144,000 Germans plus
some 87,000 Bulgarians.
Since Germans fear no attack by Allies on Greece, the guerillas
are holding in Greece about 3i German divisions and 4 Bulgarian which
otherwise could be used elsewhere,
Political
Difficulty arises from one big simple fact: of the 35,000
guenillas, close to 26,700 are Ilntrolled by a communistftled organisaaw
tion, the RAM (guerrilla braach 14 eviled NUS, but 2AN-wELAS is one
and the same for all practical purposes).
The rest of the guerrillas are either mdera.4* in politics,
or non-political, Col, Zervas, EDES is the largest minority band
(,700411)4, The rest arousal, and largely disbanded, and many arts
in the fire grip of EAWELAS, Itstilch almILIclAtIalew LOWAtt
by civil war or otherwise.
At present EAM-0143 *controls* 6/4 of 01 0
including practically all important harbor* an41in,i, or 40141004 &
By "controls* is meant that sabotag., and OthOr 7' ;
arse is impossible witbout ItA*440, coomoratOn
Vg*ELAA
tz
Motaxas dictatOrship foroed,e0isitOitilitai
plught them all the trittka oir40-0*.' t Qrvatiti
sitt!..4.1;
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Size: StartinF instantly When Germany occupied Greece,
EAM-ELAS got the lamp on all other .groups and kept its lead by a big
margin. EAM-ELAS has far more members than any other organisation
in Greece m more guerrillas, and more civilians. Counting all
"fell:* travellers", "innocent bystanders", and other affiliates.
EAMmELAS probably has the support of 20% of the population at least;
at most it might be able to command a majority of votes.
Extent: While other Greeks talked, TAM organisers spread over
the country and into the islandst everywhere there was a mushroom
growth.
AualL Every possible group was approached sad roped La
??",
.1?
clerks, laborers, women, a score of others were organised in groups kjI
of their own. Marxian communism was played down. hampion from
tha Axis was played up. Members organised strikes, printed eland*,
tine papers by the dozen, went off to fight, stayed home to commit
sabotage tn cities; it was not lust talk, it was fanatical devotion,
and many died heroic. deaths,
Controls In the provinces, throughout Greece, the EAU members
are often the most educated and most valuable part or the populst100,
In Athens the leadership is vested in a smell groups tlaitAgattia
(Central Committee), many of Whom cZi. largely, vot 11011n,
in blood (many came from the southern Pin404reonble
strongly coonainist in sentiment* utter raktiats in
unds,, The 'matron in Alliktenivo' onWs4s tale w
,L.aders Santos* Siteratari V- the 1V4in!tiori:?
A.&
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7 ti
deseribed by an English source 4111 wi4,isaniorb.0 ktowilkw*
oats in a day*Ii4r Called ?Mlinbarkpn;.7.(
0 rt. ,
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a meeting is a signal that no one else shall speak." But be
should not be under-rated: has held his position, steadily
up bi
Iglau To attain a monopoly, control ,Greeeil, sot up a
communist state - after liberation; but in parts now liberated
EAR is already a state.
1)"Communist" no longer means nusrxian socialist".
flow mea
11one who follow* the party line: one who is,
in eitoot, a Russian outside Russian* In this sensare e menz
"communists".
2)HAM-ELAS has had years in which to cement lo,alties? dis
pline members, etc* The Greek after his sufferings will
be quite the same as before* EAM-ELAS has roots every:the'
it cannot be ripped up and tossed aww.
Z)Beyond these factors, its fUture depends on outside fa*
OUTSIDE FACTORS szakpi
Granted the above facts or something like them, JAMmEZAS 14,
the principal military form, in Grose* 141.th whhal any policy Imp* .
from outside must oope*
Thom' in control of policy have had various alternative sour_
to selezt from: (a) To treat AAM,RLAS tairy, but ,as eme proenisa
tion among many; or (b) to beak acme other organixatiOn
trnsptj
to destroy EAKftELAS; or (c) to beck EAMeaRLAS exclusiTell
the others take their beating*
?,,
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..ilmatcomyseorr.,..ti/V4=2/1EariSeEtseirRtatlferfairtM '45*
4. t
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4404.0?04:1
Of these alternatives, (a) has been tried and (b) in About
to be tried,
(t) In the early stage, Allied (that is, British) policy
bacftsd virtually all guerrillas who were attempting to combat the
Axis effectively. This included EIAS. An equable agreement was
drawn up, presented, and signed by most of the gusorrilla leaders.
Under its terms, friction between bands Was to cease, supplies were
to be apportioned to quotsks of mon, eta. A Zbint Hsql, was set up.
SAM-ELAS participated. Supplies were sent in, enough ultimately to
equip some thousands of men, though not sufficient to raise large
armies for pitched battles.* In a word, this policy aimed at ma.rial.slis
workin harmonious" with each other in order to bermes Axistroc s
and withr,ub olitical involvanants.
on paper at least, and to some extent in practice, this was a
statesmanlike policy, in that for some months there was little or no
internecine strife; many German installations were sabotaged; Whole
areas were liberated; and British Liaison Officers in some numbers
set up missions safely throughout large parts of Greece,
This policy has nonetheless failed; the reasons forth* failurs
are political, not military*,
ilaaTzekr,
,Aliad policy 4szain really Britieth) *tarts tr,"44."4:414:474 *tkr
Any power iinich wishes to maintain stability in the
devote of 'control over Greece iss Virlinalg,n,e0Setilr
made Greece a bridgvehead into EurOpelk *14._
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(b) The political won out, and policy has now been altered
so that EDES is to be built up in opposition to EAM-ELAS, which is
to be starved of supplies and attacked on the propaganda front.
It is too early as yet to describe this wholly new phase - new and
ominous - into Which theGreek problem is entering. But certain facts
may be cited for guidance in formulating poli071
1) It would be desirable, from any point of view except the
communist, to root out communism in Greece. Communism there
means party control that is apparent already - ; party
control means party tyranny, wspecially in a country which
has always been liberty-loving and ready to fight for liberty;
and party tyranny means one-man rule, or one-group rule.
Seen in this way, abstractly, a large body of moderate opihm
ion in Greece woulo undoubtedly deplore EAM-ELAS.
2) But the situation La not abstract. As stated above, EAM-ELA3
was a dynamic, courageous, imaginative, fighting organisation
right from the beginning. It enlisted the support of &good
people all over Greece.
3) Policy from outside has been, in effect - that le, has seemad
to the Greeks to consist in saying - "Greece' shall freely
dboose whatever form of government shim wishes, providod, she
chooses monarchy under George II.Taivorgie II gilss his word
that there will be no more dictatorships." It is idle to
point out that such a statomant is scarcely' fillr to the Foreign
Office. Greeks are wily and suspicious, they see that England
has interests to further, thy
?J
'too' "reed
policy with an unfortuns tel.". sinister emphasis
ineterwet
41????L0..
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.1 24
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4.
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141'
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6ki
z-J
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0'2
4) A whole series of exacerbations* and most recent1 the fiasa*-
in Lorca and Samos* have had a further unfortunate result.
The Greeks have become* momentarily at least, untiewBritiah
Observers state in fact that antiftBritish fee3,ing has never
been more acute. The reasons are numerous* harsh treatment
of the emissaries from Greece. in September, concessions to
Itlallans? refusal to the cabinet of communications with Greece;
A. a hulfmdosen other complaints.
5) ,hat musses from all this is one unhappy facts for many
loathe now the whole body of moderate ,opinion in Greece, 41,031
still had shied away from the communistic aspects of EAM0,ELA3,
has been elienated?
Not all the alienated opinion will go communistic. It is
hardly too much to say* however* on the basis of the above
facts, that aa deliberate attempt had been made to drive
people into the arms of Wit0BLA5, no more effective method
could have been found than what has aetually happened.
While the Russians are wiftning the war, Samos has had tO be
surrendered without a blow.
In short* there is a growing consensus of 4pinion* t &tibia**
policy ('is., restoring George /I), has been untortmma, gement
(vim.* anenation instead of conel/iatiOn nt 1$n PrIgk )0
Widesprelti starvation threatene, and */tottatb,*
bale probxtbly never been soar**
?
12
A
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itte4v4- /
ThanIc you for your letter
(late& 20th llovt:Mber.
I mil considering tile many
iloints \Axicb. you Ilave ralsed, 5Ra llope
to discuso,with you before the
entl of the weelc.
that
1 531 very clad ialdeed
vie are now vpod mutual footi
on ang
zAvain. 1fecl f3ure, that our
co116boration will realy acilieve
solaething of note in this ms)st
interc:.tinr and i-aportant part
;of
Burore.
gem"
404.404..w
Gcncval itA15.Donovarl,
aaIce of Strategic Services,
U,S .NITAY 'Forces
. in -ale V:16,1
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20 Kovombor 4943
My dour (Nueva' ['albinos
l? Thank you for aending mo the uppruinul or the nituation in
YU$04111V14 Orooee by iit0 Cole Dadigal AN 4 WhOl*, hie renommendatione
for a joint s4t4ion Rome to %le proper buts beiore nenain4 iu thiu tibiesions
it ,would odApaar denirAblet ve thin moot with Gonert4 Wileon und
Oener41 lloyoe toklethor with thu heado our roapuotivo orgoin.tgationa in the
}addle It in order to inoure that the governmout to.i.Liai by whieh eaoh of
un in oontrolJo4 Phial he Dully oxplainod uudoratood?
2? Xt io very grAtifying to ene your underottuidintt tmode ot
tho oltuution hullo 4nd of tho importarme of hwvina our utt000latinn in thia
ThoLtav uloeq ou Plpnn w1 Operationo it lo In othov T4o4tora?
114
iot it
erl urrangovont Ay the joint wuoltly mooting or ?itu, ropr000ntativens
3.3. afiA 41(4), MOO on the Priority tiovirds 441d your aeoeptanoe
of OUP .luitoq ail-flop in ow It4A,P? trarrlo oefiJul ?houlA All muko for
more offectivo roaulte. dL4,
-r
4, I1120,41 144rat-44 thut nlithor you nor via NIVO ruprnuohtlAtive on
what.* I bolitavvi 10 oAlltA tho Duremoo CommIttop? IX 4ro to oamplt;to
thu tto-ups 14o both ahould b mramontodia I huvo tul4o4 tq (lemma iloyee
4i4out thin ond., if yuu aarvm; would yctite-tko at a to,) tio4 )4' Liao in be
4aotatkplinhu4?
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trunts howswors tohnt theae 444,1 but atepe iu br.tui&luft AbOUt 4
4100.4" 4t44 morel) 4Prirm4tAVo dIrgotiou or bOV4VtJVO upartAtioti4 14 the
Oulk4ual Thoeu la 411 unueual opportunity thrum one Joint ortot a to
giv o real aupport to mi,Lltury o?Ir4tlonn In other Tho4tera? I am aro you
bitreo thut thin ono bd douo onty by ()loner nuperviniou from heV1 of the
uotu4.1 flold opor4tIono 201 YugoolAviu Or0000 4n4 Albuo141
60 Tho atr4togio conaeption saem o wiom but tho taeilefulflament
la WaT44ie 1411E1 filaoonntioted. To bring abnut 4 Ateritt aormanttfli
intevod fiold offorts T wiah you would oonaldor o. joint roommon4Ation
ue i?tutt tho limier* or 00 VACioUti porrill4 groupa bo Invit,40 *WI
41-Ith4r,itarit repronontativotot (241ro or Iinriv If Ws littpo4 vi*
0091J a4V0 OlootiP opta4'P1 ovor aAoh morrillo OW go Oftt, In 04:wont
4 pukr,t01114W OW @Mad 0100t tO twang wIth tjla eittivs dA U1404t40
tu Pala would etrongthen tho ponitiqn of our rompootiiv* goivrAM4WIs
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7. We have 0.14444 disouseed the possibility of the use of Operational
Group) for iuland seizures nn4 coup do mains. We shomid have such & group
here 'tory soon which, aftor to special training in whist; 1 hops you will
help itly mL3ht be ussi oxperimentagy on a mill und simple coals to try
out tho 4,44411 at least In r000nnaissanos of islands.
8. 1 um grateful for your ausistanoe of the last few days in sending
material tuld men into the Ur.ikano I WU told by Lt. Col. Toulmin that he
hopes mon, to have In hiu hands additional supplies whioh he proposes to
have 'lipped as eoon as transport will, be available.
Vs have kept General Royce fully informed ands as you knows we are
raooi 4 his fullest support
Thank you again for all your help and / hope wo will *on moot
in Arc? oa.
Willi= J. Donovan
Major Gonoral C. MoV. OW)bina, M.C.
Dirootor, S.O.R.
A7.
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APPRECIATION Or THE IV ATI ON /N GUM AS AIP IS *Mt a
IN SO F41 AS OUR FUTURE SZLATIDNE NITS NAOLAS AU
CONCAVED. by LIBUT.0014. vtiliko. loom MA's LOA*
atatoms.low.omeassommoormewitufweasesownweirismorgoorsiko wilpvtorwoma
j?IMP 416.
Rtf:Lft. 11100000. GREECE
OBJECT ?
1. Te OMINdaill the present and future position in 421301 fres the point
of view of assisting the Allied mar at tort in the tellowim two
events -
(a ) No break in the present relations
(b) A oemplete and immediate break in
JAN and sal/tus.
ASS MK IONS*
Si
of the AAA. with
relations between the
2, It must be assumed that'"
(6) The ebjeet et homing a Mission in ONE= at *11 into
I). To eontain the maims inastsr of first-elase Axis
troops in GIME until such time as Man is
tossed by the progresa of the w to withdraw Wu
for use elsewhere,
ii), To ensure that *ea the MI* forams do 'withdrew,
sire
$o hindered *Ad mouled in the prose's that vinr
eannot fight olewehere -witheut very eensiderable
reorpnioation. re?eguipping, *lid training.
iii). To prevent, as tar as possible. the 0**i:tett* ot,
Pert** rativrirs. Oemmunieations, etc. Otieh will be
required by tits Allies in the ineedtain piste'
oompitienal period.
(b) It is woad that the following arc the way* In mkt*
those tasks sea test be serried etto
I). The tsontirmal haraseing ,et the mow 1.*of C.
it). The keeping at the **it Nation
of rebelliAion wins* the toompyist
tit). 'The bI4iAlp ef arn
4W *elk *AO Ms
Voir sommiinkieatt.'
iv). The 10u404.4, atfIlo*,
ta ?
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brier survey reveals that thers are tot prosentus,
Five Oerman 2nts Dive,
en Bulgarian Dive.
Ths equivalent et 110,03 Germs', ladspendest Was.
Viftees /wired, Mormon garrison sr Ls at 0# lisefi
employed in the empties of 01111011? giving a total et 144,000
Corson end ST,000 Welgarien tps4
All reports indieste that this is neutrinos* to imp the soustry
tn sobje,Ation and that the situation is **using the Ceram
soneidarablo alarm.
It is reasonable to souse that the number or Asie Dive station44
it3 =Btu depends, in the first pleas, upon the Orproan Ugh' nemmemd
appresiation or the possibility et immediate sr futureAllisd attset
or invasion.
At the present Um* they must have eppromiat414 that there le
virtually no danger er more than a mall seals Allied attasig tram %ha
WEE? end that, until the kin er the outer ring st Wands has Uf40
Oproaohed aad air beses establiehed, there is virtually ne donor
from the ficelli sad itAsTs Our failure to held LNADM and 006 must
have streastheme4 this beliefs
/f there was so Wart, threat to the enemy Ls et Os and the ematry _
ssuld he trusted to roots 4atit lb* WIN" genets.* that ess1.
vaald
moot to tint there mold bio AA and OP gotta supplesoSted by ow Imt
Div. in *ash it RPM and AOHNIVIts possibli tams is 411101
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*Wird)! is SIAS territory it sty * eatAll Mot the street ikikjeritt fit
tbie tem le saleo.ised by Os SSAl pertlia.?
the Ihdpriea twee* eolo tato a dislitty Wilmot 10110.0rf USW.
,
( they are statiewl la ea area *are there is lotirtWly as *Peat at
et stilled lawns% mei way a slight threat time Wang St eft No
aseuand blot tar pelitleal rtmerie the ilersone feasider it ampaileat
to keep *bout tow Ihilgarlas DUI la ea sefalistlesal Me ilia Owl
part et ORM* lo whlets riliktitlit Ma above SAM elating
,, The reewthdag three DIM? asy be said le be iii OVIVIteZ te smiler the
I, threat tree SW swills* ar beeemse they are aseapleyable eleeihero.
? there wise little reason. heetwor. *by it Ike gaerilla threat INks
1 1 rerrovs4.1 mg ehauld plot viola the flier 301630riart Parsee tlikihtlai
/ ta dtmosLAVIA?
4012a,
( eemeltmolea ie Us* porillee are eoattlatas CilnaiOil the
evataplest et threamitalt Imam 1.0 *roe Ilaigierlas OW *ad
Oat the vast illijestilly III' time are ileatateeillbi 1Ldgeese. *wag
ILO fOr goy roma woe * a threat to the Astimall the ?011?11t
Wed la SUS *controlled WWI% I* tweed to withotor Salo WO
ar4 INIA territory. time Dime wad 1ie avellahie OW apirisi
et three to aist SWAM ter awe settle empteresat eleelmoo.
tt:71,
????.
'
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
rtV4if
-1:4.5y?
t"
We-
It is obvious that by far the greatest pert of the mistiming* *Otis
for the German Forties travels over the main road and rail system in
the UST, mad also that this must eonetitute the prineipal *venation
route when the time ewes for a general withdrawal. It is vitals
therefore1 that sabotage parties should have uses* to these Skida ooai
*yeti's*. This eta only be dew if relation, with SW main eeidial.
Conelusam.
The oonolustons therefore, is that the vast majority it the Vas on the
Lids L. of C. and evaeuation routes lie in ILO ierritorys and it WO
decade to break oompletely with 11110 and XAM's only a very limited seals
of sabotage* confined to the relatively unimpertant MT Coast, will
be possible.
Guerilla Fosses,
At Appat. "Al' is a Map showing the dispositions of the various guerilla
bands now active in GURU. The relative strengths are believed to boom
all PAO and 10,g bands lie entirely We eontrelled areas and toy be
disregarded as they ere playing ne active pert in *WW1 the war
in fighting the Axle. They eeuld way exist with the pormiseion stSUS t:
?
and NA01.
It will be seen that mitaumixers sod Mit by 4i its 1 sot so
et the satire **Wiry.
The guerilla forees in GUM eon be divito4 Woo %WOO 41% less a
i), Very snail dottoolittlet los4 by a * *P1tS or Allie-
eletwt ter attoditi4 ditti,lt tor ? -
U). Poorly trainee WO toltab4 *wilts* Mit
orders et gni fte,k-
-
Er-
.fa
?t ?
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26 : CIA-RDP13X00001 R0001004nonni _a
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
?
?
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fr
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'1, ' .
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1 woeld otherwise
'i. It iill be seen, thr,fore. that all eleareate ar Ott Oar',"
it is estlatted that met mare tban approxiaatelr /0.000 so*
can be maintained in the Plaid owlav le the food problem. tt
eu,pplied to other villagers ehts ten be eoneentrated liras
special p
b urposes reports have reeant1;7 called tine
the up some et th
ftlitertr** ut from field indicate that they have lia
tea itt owing to the amintenknoo preblem,
nut existents end Aseodott et ieevecksint et largo fore** of Andor
upon the aerate the people in Pitt?
tee depend
1). onntinued Allied suckles's**,
411E0. ?his *an be enintainedg.
IL/ ititat justlflostiom or the Allied letlitary plan* oven
It ciatiez,4 tr?sdoe has to be deleyed.
Ity giving the starving people, in partisnalar the reAtiosea
aeolounoe possible.
who ar* homeless as a rooult of reprisals, every
Itvers if the sera/. of the Oroak people aan be mainteitzsd, *a guerillas
dispartat8,v.'
0 0::
Its).
Will aft aeolat the Allied mar effort unless the
be achi
up. This tan
1).
0111144 ... ir own morale is also
A* giving to all elements auftiolent reason to tight
2br polifloal purposes at a later date.
agninirt the Azle nor rather than to retain their trove
11). Sy tile avsogoition of the efforts of the Great itarill/Li
**eh.
by their iing and Govezliments aud 4 41060 atatua bebsoen
111)? ar ;Torii% Ulla yatb a anacidarable ;Avert/ea,me the wet
arterial far *doh they ask. and *dm ,t114 pro
reproasntatives in CAIRO tu Aug. Ode awe* ottal ..,..
that the equivalent et I onsosema
whether It 1# taetleally exceattigt net? * I'd . . -110,410
tto their
will
c bete 41u:trod tort agliiirpooiktio,s,,, _
in the *vent et e copie b-reak.with
bbt.
their biln: de will *sax all aties egalmst *hi Ai*0 ANC alike '',col
. etivi s
?
I?
cm tisadoldble nee 90/911111414.
c i ort it # tikkor4hitek* we semea,
tine la not yet ripe ebr sunk A 1PW# 407 :I14 A 1411101 lkb
kept
Xi '4
'? 1.41'
1.? ';
J??:'
? .? < et ?
pa^ irl
,e10.
?4. '"
?
;re.>
*X?"?.
?
? t?
?
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
071,17 ? .x
?,
a coup difitat when the Axis tones mutually leave 'UM VW. is
little doubt that their recent moves apinst BIX8 were, at least tit
due to their oonviotion that the Imam were pulling out. The reiist
Gerson drives, huwever, have''illhaken the. and tiub3P 'oust VOW appreeiato *kit
The oonolusion is, therefore, that altktugh NUS action against the tiormans
will never be very great, if we withdraw cur support from NM and came
'to provide money and clothing for the civil population, their auti?Axis
activities will cease altogether and there will be no sate harbour in
VLAS areas fres whish Allied sabotage groups eau operates
f411 the big towns anii vital installationi wxfortunately lie in ELX.8
Lloontrolled territory red would not be aceessible exempt with their sanative
and help. At the present time a considerable increase in sabotage groups
in the principal tome is *skint place, end, given a status quo* it should
be possible to grectly extend our activities between now aid nest reh.
All reports teed tn show that in the towns of SALONIKA and ATHENS NAN are
the beet ergs:allot and elpipped body and that they may be sufficiently
strong to seise absolute power as soon all the Avis horses leave.
independent nonapoXitical groups under direct seders at: WI= to?,
Eig have been content to leave then also vp to tho proem*. Vat hay*
n* saltive put in salwilige tbuisoktio?
The imediate effect at a esapiete break with Mn *mid 00104 is,
SALONIKA* This *mai 1104sulo4od4. eau, lb. aorsiste ifree*Otio
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our *overt activities by the simple prows et appeeftsew sells to
snsiw. ir this did apt Wpm. the iserease *imp, would
operations extreme!, beeardeuefor @von impoosibloe
A tUrther and possibly mere serious sciset at smith a Wei* would be
prevent our Wading up ea sttioient esuaterosoorshing erganimitiin
motion viten the Axis eventually dog*, to withdraws
In the towns sere than anyobors else time is required te get aa strisien
"1,'?
organisation going, and it is estimated that sidle a reasonably seed
sabotage and munterosabotage atomisation eeuld be built up %eters Mare
zN1
441 the additional three menthes Wash a delay is the Axis withdrawal
until 4Une 44 would provide, would mean a very groat tureen in the
effioienoyead nunber Of these Mali,
4.4
?
The oonelusien is that its in so far as the towns aro eonserned, we wi4k
to sontinve with our libelist at shipping, installatietits roilwayei eLe
or wish to build up Winter- oeend)iing organisations, we must maintain
tolerably pod relations 0.16 SAW and WE The **ley st the Axle
withdrawal fres Marsh to Atm 44 would assist us to perteet ossi teatus
organisations', *A without the goodwill ers at least) inemtive apathy s
$AM oind EAS, it would only be feasible to organise oell-4 on a very
7. 219LSORMVOI in iat9t4
//
\/ At the present tine there are VW wissikoere at the Allied *Ulu
in ONNION, divided ae teileletw
040 044
4#4,
404
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
- wzr.-.1;01,11FIVINNSI
OMMORMVSPIri") Maga reStrie4r 112.141M91;11041P11~.....~...o..? goAmts.Q.441.4 oema.. 000.400 PO
??,
e
bat friendly towards the Dritish and Aserisokes. but WA ,*esittizs
oonsidera4o heoVigan element led by MIN itAs eon be *hipped !late a
VI/ pruptipaile, aniA intlegrientory spesehes, and OW even be ludaeadba
Allied vireo:m*1i. The murder at Lt. IMMO and *e repeated reports
ambers of the AAA. being subjeotad to ill?treatnest Cr dissovrtsey by
Ea leaders 'Le sultieient proof of tails Le leng as we sestina* to oestd
relief to VA civilian population Ind soistain tem sort at relations wt
? :?,-cr.,!
NAV, it La ),talikely at large seal* *sties will be taken agninst Allied =,
perform:Nilo Mould we break relations et*, SAWCIAll and be tore** t*
withdrew our L?06 groin thei' torritory9 this will undoubtedly be Oa
t
ot =eh propagnada against us and assibero at the Aslielis wAy well be Itillsdor,s,
or hold as hostages tor the sanding at geld and eupplies teMa. ?Malbli,4
vitensibly for the rellet lot the starving *Peek people, but in gawk to
the peptillital cotters at MIL
ite has bele pointed at in Pare. $ the bulk at the Andartes will mot
umdertske evert aetiOlk topiellt 'Ow Anis but vat% their goodwill it would
portietly possible, given the men, **limo* sad Wes te pit late Min
a sober 411t sabotage groups at about 110 menissett. WM. Using themelese
is the as erase emirollod by **Ander**, 0einld warty est aa soh
sabotage cs the reprisaTh against the torlagitiell0041 Palitto ETS
mobs. et sabotage groups required ii ettiliated 11 ist *44 an
wide ixesdiately nvailable. ft* mid* ki000,41rit ile
blirnk bi 11110A8 territory that ,it wenidliet ?00'1,41444140
territory alone ,and the gateman it Ma 0141114 .
Fires the ebre!oing it eon
iii deoidoll urea at INst vaeniiii
tr the A?111?11* now
,
"
- 1 ,
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
?
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
_
,., ..,;?
' ., -,.;,. ? ,
?1,1i ...
&74
;
r
/11 , A4N
If Wm** are to he maistained agelast the Maw 1.? at L. it is 1011/14111tia
that there Si no irrlwAble *oak vitt* Milo 1106 that grimly effort Omit
bo stMe to imploove our relations by reeding sad kdolikisig he
population au loll at the Ander**, noidoal would hio to titittinse IMO
keep Aa1ie0s with Ow Andsrtos sost presoak wed to latiltrati solootato
groups to mat ladlispotwdently ander Allis. 41011MOOM
Soelo of 4.7,11ktibmiti.
As pointed out in ?era. 3 the suppliee sent to the Andsettoe ikS1*
direst proportion to the Wert expiated tree thee* but is tory largely
to bolster up their wale and malatain their oontidasso la tit. Alliso.
The proleut mile of suooessfUl sortie. to ORME boa Mien to an* 110
par notitho whereas the original estimates Omen in Sops** 110. the
reasons Am, this lumps
1.1. task of WO.
? Wouthera
Ili. . 0saaitmento vlsoodhoros sulk as Vas oaspaign in
the 00144N1 dissands for prtgaigtaila lestiotes ins*
Should this state at affairs *OSUMI 4M3r prestI M. IIMILUiligiasixtly. our
populerito? with the Avilartos sad WAWA population in NEM 411
deteriorative oeriouisXy? 'It is worth resordints that illIVAS0 in spits et
hie oeriolis leek te eras and m4 his mostly pissed boots and eleihing es
hie =shop ate ritclutromonto and Ma oaasented that IMIS he histelt is
The etoppags a etas sad ems sorties to $W 4*1
bums* of the huts quantities et wart*. els01,
Mg toss (see Apiacis .11:6 ) sad is ww1.110.10; 040*
?apposr lasivittooat? Mors is oat *OK
justifitog ourealvos seed* UM OS
sting eis gendiag 12111VAS aail
Ikea tinias petit or view tita %mkt
miteriarly readut their Itilitary
visit / ?
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. ?
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
? ? I
??
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: : ? ',"--11
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vest bulk or triehdly Greek* ea wham noo rely for tleo
palsy toward. 0111104 after the nor.
Alternative methods of supplying orme $ad sterss have teen fully ooastdorodi
and although it weuld appear to he en amey matter to lead stews ea ti*
OM Coast from ITALY. this is met eo, to the deihinoos Wing
eonetruoted there ley the Gomm am a minim' fm tho threat et
Similarly the only airfield availAble to us at the inieset lies is SIAS
itantnory ? end that appears likely to ho inseervlseatelo for the mot four
?
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1. '
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....... ..... 1 . ;,, ,
r".' : ir.' ? ' I ' :
lk 7 it:?1; .,,, ? 41 :
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r...i,,i; , ? :, 4.. , ?
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.:- t. ;it; .
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,,4.,?,-,,,Iir
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'P it ti.. - = .1. -??
. I - ? ?r, It
i t . - 5
;'.i."1.V.. J.,* . :, ..
i ?;};:. (
;ti?':.;.":: -; I
.:41-;".., ???,:i .1. - k
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'41:Pq''..r,:,-.1. .. .7.?,:.
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I
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r '
Unleee the number or summed sorties to ORNSOP is tueroseol te at least
100 per month, the supply 04011tillili WM aft afreet the issue ewes), Sr the
If, hsommor, it is dosirod to satin)** aotivo speratimogaihst
the Osman Lo ot 0. it is essestial eats*
. , ....,?.
r ', -?"..- - -
,..r.-i,...'......?
.11.i ..;...;17?
.,
?;,- ? ?73.?{:," . 'I X'
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i',.....t.1,y, f ...-,,
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r.e: ., ,:....._
??-`'..r.k '
The nekbier or summed wide* be imereeeed to at
tenet ZOO per sofas
Mood rolationsare mnintaiied *Mt 311.4 omit the Week
peeplr in their area ay them a largo pro lea
St the sorties avelikable? Le wtflsaibubtok.
a handsome Oddest 'La our pietism, relations Alt QOM
?i ? ??
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; 436
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
-,t
?
?-.
(4) Zs se tar os Us towns sirs oomeernod it me 'deb to sentima
our sabotage of shipptsge installations, roitomOs otos or
wish to but mp souiteraseoershing ergedeations, lost
maintain tolerably good relatiods with $0.01.411. the delay
it the Anis withdrawal Ms Wok to Ads* 44 !mid sestet us
to perfoot our tow orgenisationto but Vithout the goodwill
or et least inactive spatby of SAIVELAS it satuld only be
possible to origami*. *ells in a very snail and isseftioient
mole .
If a sow/sto 'break with 11001414$ is deelded wan at least
insnenth,s natio* is requirod to enable the ambers of ths
AAA. not in SIAS territory to get la *leo relatively safe
SIMS or NM territm or to be evaenated by other TOSONS.
It atteots are to be 1140.111000,11,4 *visit the onswqr it. of 04
it is essential that there le as irreparable break with
KM* but *at every offert *Wad bo Wats to lwrove our
relations by feeding and elsolking the 'Atilt** population
U yell as 010 Aailierbell? The ideal ionld be to *outlay* to
keep 4.40.04 with the Warts. as at present end to infiltrate
eabotago groups to Irak isdspendently under Allied ()trivets.
(t) %%lose the akeehor of eueleastal sortie* te GIUS1101 is
Inersased to at least 100 per moth the supply quostian
will not affect the Lew* ens may or the ether. If.
bower, it is desire4 to eontiteas active *panties.* gainst
the lotion L. of U. it is osoinitiel thatifs,
i). The ousibor of onseessfut 1141,111,01 be increased
to at last 100 per mouth.
W. Oiled reiations are maintained with Ma and
the fire* people is their aron by
a large propertied of the sorties diPett
This will *osisetadly pay a itift4100110, diviiend
enr postwar rotations with 01111103.
COMMIS OPSK TO VS
10. If it is earnestly desired to *shim ih.,Obilieete ovis
and it is net our intentiot to ,esber4114111 tor *U$IP
Foreign policy the sonolusione
Uwe too ow** spat tis ne
remain on triandly torsi Vitt tisen :
polley has Ilion *Ohlovedf IMs will be s Itas
evaeuate anat. It MO *iv
,i,?
Ss nossesarily the VW 100ft
alas. tki the wit** i ,
imomporaily it %out tti:-4* -
t t A.
vasswriale pot hut Link''' 1- .
to 100IPMS. eiftekr. ,h&t the
ic
isoriori, would dlik ' , t
._.
1041 reptalo it
that Vest* fil
!,)
-
tOtia,
Ti
4
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
-2
Athens, on suspicion of being in contact with a Turk
named TOXAN, sentenced for espionage in Budapest;
architect KITSIKIS, industrialist RAMIS, lawyer
MICHAEL PESMATZOGLOU, and Mr. CANAKARIS-ROUFOS,
politician from Patras; ALEXANDER ARGYROPOULOS,
formerly chief of department of the Greek Foreign
office, has also been arrested and put in solitary
confinement in the Averoff prisons. His house was
repeatedly searched by the Gestapo. The whole Zannas
family has also been arrested; Alexander with his wife,
Constantine with his wife, and Maltos with his two
daughters. (Alexanderts wife was later released).
The reason for these arrests is not known,
Methods of Reprisals
The method of reprisals is also widely used by
Germans in Greece. When three German soldiers were
found dead on the road to Nigrita, (Macedonia), 20
peasants were immediately executed. Later, another
10 prisoners from the Jienicoule prison were shot.
Among these were some former employees of the American
Consulate.
EaaluJILLJILAttma
It seems that people generally complain of the
complete lack of organization for the escape of per-
sons who wish to join the Allied Forces. Individual
attempts are difficult and dangerous, and very costly.
."'-'"*"!!!' ? "*".'"M"rgrelltOnere"41,4":"."!"r7fs:;.7..M;s, 'tit*
&Az,.
?4, (-$ ???? 11 -114P? `?',41t
47,y$7_,$w.7
? $
? ?
? 4RFP-- -.401
? 1"."0":150110
?
S.'
TV' ??
4ti.41"
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II
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a
Declassified and Ap ? roved For Release 2013/09/26 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
(timated at 100,000 drachmas per head last July).
The occupation authorities are very watchful and
strict in preventing twoh escapes. 10 persons have
been shot and many others imprisoned for being caught
in sueh attempts. Altogether, 50 persons only managed
to leave Greece during July, and probably not the most
useful.
Gsag
A great number of Gestapo agents aro now in Greece.
liurther, all Italian and German residents established
there before the war are also used as Gestapo agents,
as well as some Greeks of foreign origin.
All Jews of Salonika, from 18 to 45, are to be
conscripted for forced labor in Macedonia. It seems
thut they arc not bbdly treated, altogether, because
the Greek population will not allow any abuse, and in
many cases has given them shelter and protection against
the Gestapo agents, the church itself having intervened
very often in their behalf.
Bga et
The German port authorities of Peireaus issued an
order forbidding fishing boats to enter or leave ports
between sunset and sunrise, or to approach the coast '
at any point nearer than 300 ms Further, no small
boat is allowed to come within 300 m. of any steamer
anchored in the roads of Perama or Drapatsona. Immediate
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prosecution follows disobedience.
On the Evros River (Thrace), fishing in small
boats or rafts is absolutely forbidden. Futher, a
strict curfew has been declared in the whole Evros
prefecture. No person is allowed on the streets after
8:00 p.m. unless provided with a German pass.
(1) The following is reported as of early April,
1942, Allied aeroplanes flying over Kymi and Aliveri,
bailed out several boxes containing machine guns,
rifles, grenades, wireless sets, and ammunition. How-
ever, an Italian battalion stationed at Kymi, saw the
boxes while bniling and immediaully set out to collect
them, only 4 or 5 boxes with machine guns and grenades
escaped their prolonged searches in the houses of the
two villages. Throe men were shot for concealing some
of the above ammunition. The incident was unfortunate
as it was known already that relatively important
Italian forces were stationed in this district.
(2) A new autonomous economic Agency has been
established in Macedonia with full powers to confiscate
or froeze raw materials, foods and goods, "necessary
for public consumption", This Agency cooperates directly
with the Greek Govenor General of Macedonia and the
German occupation authorities. It is said that all
goods thus obtained go to Germany, or feed the Gman
roved For Release 2013/09/26.
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armies of occupation.
The German armies of occupation live practically
only on Greek produce, importing very little of their
food from other cotintries. 95% of Greek milk is
taken over by the Germans. The same applies also to
any other food stuff available, whether the harvest
has been good or not.
During the months of June and July, the Germans
"purchased" 1U,000 woolen blankets from the Athens
population, as well as all the refrigerators, welectricfl
or not.
Occupation authorities are doing their bestto
conscript labor to Germany. The latest method of
secur,ng the same is the medical inspection of all
workers ordered by the Greek Ministry of Interior, The
men an3examined by German doctors, and those found
fit are "offered" to go to Germany. Refusal is very
difficult, as in most cases it entails concentration
camp. Workers therefonDtry to escape the examination,
but they are not allowed to tgke up any job in Greece
without a medical certificate.
On July 14th, the tenth departure of workers for
Germany was announced from Salonika. They were leaving
for Vienna and Donevits. Construction workers were
sent to Brisgau (Baden). Women workers were sent to
4
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From Athens the fourth expedition of workers
started June 7th, destinution uranown.
Tne first expedition of worXers from Chalets left
on the same day.
The Germuns ure further conscripting specialized
technicians for many install4tions made in Crete. A
number of them left for Crete July 16th.
The total number of worXers is not 'known. How-
ever, it is reported thut from Salonilia 35,000 woriters
left in all up to the end of July, specialists or not.
A thousand have been returned already as useless. The
average number of woriters in each expedition is computed
Lt between 300 to 500.
The construction of the railrood from Xomotini
to artzali continues with 2,500 workers. However,
it hlis not yet arrived at the Bulgarian frontier.
Efforts are being made to complete the road from
Patras to Ulavitral Mazeica, Tripolis, There re-
mains only a segment; Isiazeica-Dara. This road will
allow direct communication from PatraS to Sparta) and
Oytheon.
Defense worits are being establi6hed on this road
near the village of Liopesi; double trepph $ to 900
al. long, with defenseidireeted towards Patrass Similar
dCf ense installations are at approximately to 9 lat.
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
from Patras, near the village of Vrachneica.
All telephone wires in the country are forcibly
by local peasants who are responsible for
their
They are executed in cases of sabotage01
:r5W$11:77-Firl or Ti
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SECR
Mt4ir 14.10.0 hri-tod P000mhor 4; 1942
Mr. V. L. fie tin
U. L. Amotip
Oree4 irregulor Poi:W(40 Intolligonoo.
Thd Uvdog polltiohl Pool* roAtis Dophooloil
proodhtly in Now !lot*, (doe in Worihinton tod4y), no
longv Nill_tttov Atthohop hap onigumodlottdorohip or tho
upoott tiltJopkil 11141.ty in tho nttmo of hii5 Into rtthor.
Von1vielt4i tato, ova-tau ftna WAYing with th@ libAd
boYo" or Lho 1.414P l'41111@ boomino oonoorntd ovor hitt
nativo 111 opeeoe ?inoo Oroolt mAtrooti report th4t in
ovotioe no nt?; 110@il 041103 4 "Ft 1t1 Aohilitg Quilting in
a Now \tort,. loqporwdovu. no tho OA-Oolonol orforod hi?
Hatitg4vy aorVivo? to tho PrImo Minigter who ropilogi
'Jiyqw 4Po 04foring your V3 Li-) tht righting rormil
atrout ytmrlielV Lo tho Mialgtqr or WArlo
The Amornuo CwIonol Woomo poovod ail ovor again and now
wAntm to ho Wiii@it 4 00111MiOn 141 tht Amori0A1 Army 4nd
to ho otptlonta In Goiroi
(oompitib the iti@4kntOlti of thio ooft oon of A otrong
Vathpro Vonigoloo oftn, ohould and will bo uood by uo
ditierootly.)
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ime.twommtcsottriber
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The published fours of the Liberal Party under
Vonizolos arc;
Tsouderos is a scheming, honest and weak man.
To kuep "in" with the british he will agree to
anything.
The britisit show signs of ceding Greek 7,orritory
to the $e"bo uhd to the Bulgurians so LIJ to fend
off Hussian offors.
Tsouderos is not man enough to head a Government
that huu to deal with such clever people us the
British, he nhould be forced to resign.
Caclamanos (ex-Minister to Lend) is the man to
take the post.
No objections are raised to the King -- if he will
declare that he will not return to Greece until
after the war and after a plebisite.
The Libt;rals claim thut they can prove the incom-
petence of the Tsoudoros Government; the British
won't listen to these complaints -- perhaps the
Tmericans will. Anyway, Greece needs an Ameriean
occupation for two years.
However, the Liberals are now a bit divided. Venizelos
and Vlavianos have split over personal differences?
"enizelos now wants to publish his own newspaper in New
York.
U. L. A.
.14
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Declassified and A ? proved For Release 2013/09/26 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
Major David Bruce December 3, 1942
Mr. F. L. Belin
Ulius L. Amoss
With the latest two sinkings of Greek boats near
Lourenco Marques it seems that the Greek sailors are
not sufficiently warned not to talk freely in public
places and especially in ports where German Agents
are most active. As an example of how careless they
are, at a local Greek restaurant where I was eating,
four seamen were sitting next to my table and I could
hear all their conversation. They started by relating
to each other their experiences in their last trips
and it appeared to me that they are not working at
present otherwise they would have mentioned the move-
ments of their ships, feeling I suppose safe that they
were in a Greek place. One of the seamen however re-
lated an incident which is worth noting. He said that
two Greek seamen that were in Canada decided to take
a walk to the American border and when they approached
the Canadian and then the American Guard nothing was
asked of them and entered the American territory with-
out hindrance. They stopped at a place near the American
border and had coffe3 and they were saying to themselves
*hrfil
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thnt now Liva t!loy pnellod no onny they eould proceed
to UL Amerivon city ond nthy hero. They debated for
vome time whot dualolon Limy should tfitte, but ono
or them who w:in more cautioun paid thut probably the
gunvdo took
pteturoA or them by hidden camoras and
they will be nrrentod cknyhow. They decided finally
to roturn nnd wnit till dark, jump the fence and enter
without laving tApottnd by the guardo. When they urrivod
on the Cnnndinn oide they were otopped hyn. now cuard who asked
nll ktnii:1 or quodLonn and no the two neamon could not oon-
vInvo 1141 Livit thoy pn:Joud before taking a promenude to the
Amvricrin mido Limy wurv nrronted nnd it took them several
dap herore they wOr0 voloomod, upotl proper identification.
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December 3, 1942
Major David Bruce
Ulius L. Amoss
Bodosakis (Ureeh Irregular Agent #173)
(The above tiubject is the sinister Greek
Munitions Magnate earlier reported on.)
in connection with the local activities of Mr.
Bodosakis I was informed that lately a new firm was
organized in this City by the name of the "Ethiopian
Purchasing Corporation" backed and financed by him,
with orrices at the General Motors Building, 1775
Broadway, Room 508, New York City. His associates in
this new enterpri;Ae are 14r. Logotheti and N. 0.
Dracopoulos. It is said that this corporation is
planning to do un extensive business with Ethiopia
in view of the. fact Mr. Dracopoulos has many connections
there and a close friendship with King Selassie who
will extend to him every facility to close large trans-
actions. Mr. Dracopoulos before coming to this country
was living in London and was interested in the shipping
business.
`1,-"*Os!. ? "'
11.11.A.
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Major David Bruce
Lt. Colonel Ellery Huntington
Mr. F. L. Belin
Ulius L. Amoss
t's
SECRET
December 3, 1942
Delayed Report through Greek Irregular Agent
The following is absolutely reliable, sent by our
agent, but greatly delayed. The latest .news herein is
as of October, the earliest, July:
GREEK PUPPET GOVERMENT
General Pangalos is cooperating with the Puppet
Prime linister, General Tsolakoglou. The latter
offered Pangalos a portfolio in his government in July,
praising General Pangalos in an address at Lamia, July
fth and stating that Pangalos, alone of all the old
Generals cooperated. During July Tsolakoglou, in many
speeches praised the Axis, and himself. In Larissa,
July 13th he was warmly and publically received by the
Italian C.O. and by the German Occupation Deputy,
Captain Wartzel.
The rift between Gotsamanis and TsolakoLlou (August)
has widened. Present head of the quisling Goverment
is former Vice Premier Logothetopoulos.
Livieratos, who resigned as Minister of Ju3tice
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in June did so because Tsolakoglou would not accept the
following conditions:
1 No Greelis are to be drafted to help
Gurmsno on the Eastern Front.
All constitutional acts to be signed
by the Minister of Justice.
Financial assistance to be given to
working classes.
Axis authorities must alleviate the
food oonditions.
flivierntos (October) is well liked by the masses
and may supersede Logothetopoulos at some near future
date.
(October) Typhus is appearing. Yellow Fever in
Salonika. Diet is more and more unbalanced, food c4'
any land gets scarcer.
Deaths in Athens during the past winter were
90,000 from starvations.
Drugs are almost non-existent. No anaesthetics
or sedatives are availab1e for operations. Germany
sent fair quantities of quinine (July) and Ultra-Septil
(Sulphamilimide) from Budapest for limited use for
spoc,Lfic diseases on named 00.6000
Greeks who originated in rural districts are being
evacuated forcibly from the cities no matter how long a
permanent their residence had been.
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?
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SECRET
November 27, 1942
Major David Bruce
Mimi L. Amoss
Greok Irregulhr Agent Paul's Report #5 re Paul
Utokvis.
Aunt Paul talked with the subject and veports
as follows:
Stokvls is a Belgian; owner of a celebrated
t:Ablecloth and lace manufacturing concern in Malin.
As of today :;tokvih has been in this country 17 days,
On the German occupation of Belgium he and his
wife orove for a distance of 1700 Kilometers through
Belgium and France to Boziors, Herault, France. After
about a week the German Government appointed him to be
in charge of the fifty or sixty thousand Belgian refu-
gees in that area. His task consisting of the lodging,
grouping, feeding and the location of refugees who had
lost contact with other members of their fmilies. This
occupation continued until the fall of France when he
and several other Belgians operated un enterprise that
helped young Belgians to escape for the purpose of
joining the British Army.
Thwaveraged forty to fifty a day who were spread
stAl. aor
#400.401106'
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acres's the t;panigh frontior. At first they passed their
compaLrioLs from occupied Franco to the cemetery whioh
was locaLod on Lho unoccupied side while the chapel
itself wuu in enemy territory. They wore able to cross
Lim rrunLicr by the device of their group joining,
funomil procoo:lions, first praying in the church then
following the group to tht, grave in unoccupiod terri-
tory. inc' only half of the mourmirs roturned to
occupiod Franco it was inovitablo that the Gestapo
evonLually dtscovored tho ruse.
Later Lhoy located parts of the frontier guarded
t)y Au:A.rians wiLh'whom the Belgian group made deals so
thaL tho v.uardw turned their backs When groups escaped.
In all of those activities they had great help from the
majority of the population of occupied and unoccupied
Franco.
For a long time the eenter of aistribution wan
Bezior. Mon under 18 and over 35 were officially
allowed departure no that eventually it was worked
out that all passports represented the bearer as being
ovor 35 years of ago. The escapees were given visas,
tickets and money. In Opsin a certain British Consulate
certified that these mon were British Colonials, where
they would receive Et visa for Portugal, From Portugal
they wore taken to a small island (name deleted) who:
a British vessel would pick them up.
=
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Younger men who could not pass as over 35 were
sent to the Spanish frontier where they arranged to
have themselves arrested by Spanish police to whom
they claimed Canadian citizenship. Spanish authori-
ties usually interned them for about 30 days until.
the British Consulate could be notified by under-
ground channels and would arrange to exchange small
cargoes of wheat for units of 250 internees. The
small wheat vessel took the ?prisoners? back.
Stokvis had no knowledge of the number of Axis
troops in unoccupied zones but said there were a
considerable number though during the last three
months the number had dropped.
After long operation in the Belgian underground
railroad the French Surete asked Stokvis to assist in
interpreting at headquarters for the repatriation of
straggling German prisoners. He saw many who were
apparently only deserters. The usual story was that
they had been in the army since 1936 and were tired
of the war. The French military turned them over to
German authorities but in most cases sympathetic
French officers destroyed the papers of arrest and
frequently assisted them to disappear.
Stokvis arrived in this country at Baltimore and
his address is C/O Mr. W. Price, 1041 Bushwick Avenue,
Brooklyn, New York.
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He presently has a minor position with McCutcheonts
in New York, formerly one of his valuable customers.
CC: Colonel Ellery Huntington
Mr. F. L. Belin
Mr. Russell D'Oench
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Th
sEcREr
Mnjta. Dttvld .Tuce November 23, 1942
ULlw; L. Amofbs
! helort of Greek Irregular Agent 1/166
1
:
The following report is three weeks old, is
Lmn3mittod by our own Greek Irregular Agent #166
froll Informtion he gathered from prime sources
heretofore reliable. It should be rated
1. A typhus epidemic has appeared in southern
Greece, during which whole villages have
been set on fire by the Italian military
authorities to prevent spread of infection.
2. More Bulgarian peasants are settling in
We3tern ThriAce until November 30, and will
continue the job in the spring, bringing the
total Dulgarian immigration to 50,000 this
your.
3. owing comissions will be appointed by the
bul8arian Ministry of Agriculture in Thrace,
Macedonia, Dobruja and Aegean districts, in
order to expedite the ploughing and sowing.
4. Bulgarians, assisted by German military engineers
are busy fortifying the Aegean coastline they
f
sidoin.ed
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
occupied in Greece, from Kavalla to Alexanp-
droupolis and are reinforcing their garrisons
in Eastern Macedonia.
The German Military governor of the city of
Salonica has ordered all Greek office:re to
report to the city police on the first and
the fifteenth of each month. This applies also
to officers working on the road building opera-
tions of the Muller Company, who may report to
that company.
Samos is now under financial supervision of
High Command of Rhodes. The judicial courts
are all under Italian control. Italian officers
trying to be friendly with influential families,
not successful. Greeks who have tried to escape
from the island unsuccessfully are severely
punished by the Italian military court, Italian
racketeers are making a large profit out of the
deforestation of the island.
All inducements of the German authorities have
failed to lure Greeks to go to German factories.
The men tram Salonica who were tempted were sent
to places in the Rhineland where many were killed
or wounded in air-raids. Those who managed to re
turn home arrived in a terrible condition.
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P
Major David Bruce
Ullus L. AMO5Li
Agent Paul - Urook irregular Agent
November 13, 1942
Agent feaul reports long discus6ions with M.
Hebert boauvals, and with Colonel Andr L'Homme,
rormer thineral Manager or the armament ftloto2'ito3
uf PutoLtLA, Franco.
The meetings developed only poronal opinions
eoneorning the present ano potential operations in
North Arriei:, Those mules shouid be noted, perhaps
passed on to the W. E. Heetion as mon or position
Who may be or use some thy.
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rmntel"
COPY
IM,QUILME2.21_
FROM: PAUL CHATELAIN
f""s\
TO: LIEUT. COLONEL ULIUS LOUIS AMOSS
ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES
OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES
TEMPORARY Q BUILDING
25th and CONSTITUTION AVENUE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
DEAR COLONEL AMOSS:
I met Mr. Robert Beauvais at 6:25 P.M.
Wednesday evening, November 11th in his apartment. He seemed
very much pleased with the entire picture and turning of
the war. Our conversation drifted immediately to what
would happen to Petain. He replied that Petain would stay
in France and try to keep the French people from revolting
for the time being. I then asked him, "Why?" He replied,
that the time was not ready to do such a thing, because no
allied help cuuld be given them for quite a while. lie
thinks that it would take us two or three months to con-
solidate our positions in Africa. Admiral Darlan will
have ehAzge of the French Fleet, and General Giraud will
have charge of the French African Army. Going back to
the Fronch Fleet he doesn't think that any ships were sunk
in the Bay of Casablanca. His thought was that this'was
just a clever new story for the German consumption.
Regarding General Giraud, Mr. Beauvais,
reaction was that he would lead an army of 150,000 Men well
equipped and supposingly would be the cream of the French
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Division, This army which would formulate after the ArmiL-
tice is composed of a high caliber type of men. For example,
if a Major in any of their divisions wanted to join this
army, his title would have been Captain only. So101ers
were only accepted if they had been Corporal or Sergeant
in other divisions. The choice men were taken, and he
says that ohly two or three out of fifty applicants were
selected.
Mr. Beauvais went on to say that there
was one thing we would have to be very careful with, and
that was - our soldiers. He said they were recei7ing $52.00
a month in American money, and with the rate of exchange
they would be almost millionaires, and would be in a position
to buy everything and anything. This, he said, would create
hard feelings with the civilian population. The civilian
population would see all of their merchandise purchased by
strangers and have nothing left for themselves. This would
create animosity.
Another thing that would have to be
handled very carefully is the liaison between civilian
population and the United States Army. The French Army
and the United States Army.
lit said that during the last war they
experienced a great deal of trouble and friction because
their French Liaison Officers did not understand the English
temperament, and spoke very poor and broken English, there-
fore, making a pantomine out of a job which was so important.
deg 4. 144 itiOA#
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This also applies with the English Liaison Officers who
aid not understand the reaction of French Officers,
therefore, losing precious cooperation.
Mr. Beauvais said that a new form of
government would be formed in Africa, probably headed by
General Weygand. Mr. Beauvais then said he was ready at
any time to serve his country on our side.
At 11:35 A.M. Thursday, November 12th, I
had the visit of Colonel Andr L'Homme, formerly General
Manager of the Factories of Puteaux, France, which has for
year5 perfectcd, experimented, and produced cannons for
the French Army.
He did not have much to say, but that
he was wondering how much longer he would have to wait
befure he cuuld be of any service or use in chasing the
Germans out of Frunce.
He also told me that practically every
French Officer and soldier left at lAberty would only be
too glad to join forces again with the United States.
Looking forward to see you Saturday, and
to personally thank you for your lovely and encouraging
letter, I am
Signed.D41:04014tn
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: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
Ullus L. Amoss
Greek Irregular Report on the Island of taros
The attached is the second section of the work
you asked our Greek Irregular Undertaking to do on
The information is compiled frola reports of our
own agents, plus other information. Sources are reliable.
Stampados and his staff compiled the report and
drew the map. It has been cross-checked.
Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R0001004000n1-q
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
I. .
Major David Bruce
Ulius L. Amoss
Greek Irregular Agent
November 11, 1942
Our Greek Irregular Administration expects to
send Stavros Niarchos to Zurich. His function will
be to arrange and implement courier service between
Zurich and Vienna and Zurich and Budapest; to send
e!redentials by these couriers to arrange reputing
by Greek Irregular appointees in Central Europe; to
arrange frequent courier service between Vienna and
Greece and Budapest and Greece.
The cover is official. He will go (if all
arranpemonts are completed) to negotiate with the
Swiss Government and Swisn interests for further
use of Greek ships,
Age - 34
Address - 109 Last 55th Street
Huntington, L.I.
Married - This wife (second) is from Athens.
Niarehost (the name means Ship Commander)
father was wealthy; lost his moneys Young
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Niarchos secured employment in the great flour
mills owned by his maternal uncles, The
Commanderos brothers, in the Pireaus.
Bright and progressive, he became a suc-
cessful general manager at the age of 26, He
gave most attention to shipping problems.
At the age of 29 he entered the Marine shipping
business and prospered from the start.
He now owns:
One ship, Greek flag, chartered to the
British. Two ships, Panamanian flag,
chartered to the U. S. Shipping Administration.
He has lost four ships from torpedoing.
Character - He is known to all as straight-forward
and honest. He has applied for a Greek naval
rating, being prevented by lack of experience
from securing a commission. We believe he will
decide that our mission is more important than
chief petty officer service in the Greek Navy,
The Greek Government backs us up.
CC: Colonel E. Huntington
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Declassified and Ap?roved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
Major David Bruce November 11, 1942
Ulius L. Amoss
Greek Irregular Agent "Paul's" Report #3
Invasion of France: Paul is in touch with a
Frenchman (an old friend) who knows French
costal terrain well. This person is subject
to examimtion if his knowledge seems in-
teresting.
Travellers to Mexico: Paul has friends who
travel to Mexico regularly, They can be de-
pended upon to execute any mission, the
"dirtier the better".
Paul met Colonel W. C. Dolan U.S.A.A.F.,
stationed at Trinidad, and forty of his officer
pilots. Spirit and mcrale excellent except for
bitter anti-British feeling due to real or
fancied affronts from British at Trinidad,
Interviewed Marcelle Visner, Monday, November
9th. Visner is a member of the Military Bureau
of the French New York Consulate General. Upset
by the upset ,French-American relations,) Will
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Co
-2
communicate his orders to Paul when received.
5. Talked with Adrian M. Rolland of the Vanderbilt
Hotel Executive Offices. Rolland originated in.
Lyon, France. Through Rolland, Paul has met Mrs.
Jehanne La Sauze who operates the 'Modern School
of Languages.? Through her pupils many things can
be learned; curious contacts made; C. E. can operate.
6. Talked with Robert Beauvais of the Matam Company,
Long Island City. Beauvais was asked by Colonel J.
Jacquin Air Attache of France (Ritz, Nov. 5th) if
he, Beauvais, would be willing to return to France
in the event of a rupture with the United States.
Beauvais said he would agree to return if he could
secretly serve the interests of the United States.
Jacquin said, HI intend to do the same."
(NOTE: Beauvais was sent to the Q. S. by the French
',Societe des Moteurs Gnome et Rhone!' to,dis-
pose of machinery and steel they had bought
before France capitulated.)
7. Talked with Greek offigials but got nothing but
Greek political polemics.
CC: Colonel E. Huntington U. L. A.
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
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Major David Bruce
Mr. F. L. Belin
U. L. Amoss
Greek Irregular Intelligence
November 11, 1942
SECRET
The following is transmitted by our own Greek Irregular
agent from our sources inside Greece, previously reliable.
Delay in receipt here is three weeks:
Forced Labor
German-Greek Puppet campaign to enroll volunteer
workers has failed. Force is now used. The
Tsolakoglou Government is now medically examining
all lhorkers. Those who are fit "volunteer" to go
to Germany or are placed in detention camps. The
favozite ruse to escape dispatch to Germany IL
to evade medical exam s.tion. Eteel construction
experts and mec ics are those in greate:vt de-
mand. Lost workers are being sent to the Cologne
and Essen areas.
Cotzamanis has succeeded In wresting most of the ad-
ministration of the Puppet Gove
kV
Tsolakogiou. He took a trip to ?Ge
ago and t is font
-
0
ent from General
sixty days
his ea4paign to supersede
Tsolakoglaa. Pranity exists betv these two;
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-2
it can be capitalized.
French NavaLLIalrig.
French naval officers and men arrived at the
Naval Base of Salamis. French naval workers
from Toulon have arrived at the Skaramanga
naval base. Some French soldiers have oeen
seen at Elefsis.
Demolition
The Athens-Salonica railway line has been blown
up at three separate points (dates not given)
by Greek irregular bands. It is believed that
these activities were inspired if not directed
by British agents in order to slow the delivery
of supplies to Tobruk via Salonica and Crete.
This rail line is used to it's utmost capacity
Ly the axis.
Guerrinas
Guerrilla activity is unabated in Macedonia
despite serious German7Bulgar attempts to stop
It. A special_:
suit Polic
Bulgarian,
body is a
in order
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The troops are
Offic .this
trimb
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
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3
of the populace. Actually the Corps patrols
muuntain and remote country to suppress Guerrilla
activity. The men are armed with Submachine guns
and grenades. Atrocities, too numerous for our
Correspondents to list, are charged against this
?
modern Janisary army. So far the guerrillas scarcely
have felt the presence of The Rural Pursuit Police
Occupation troops and officials are catching the
bclieved to be bubonic, though our dis-
patches are not clear. Innoculations are delayed
due to an absence of serum.
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
November 11, 1942
Major David Bruce
Colonel E. Huntington
Ulius L. Amoss
Greek Irregular Mission
Premier Tsouderos cabled to Minister Theofanides
approval to go ahead with Greek Irregular activities.
It i3 the belief of the Greek Irregular "adminis-
tration" that personal contact should be made at once
with imporent Greeks in North Africa because of their
contacts into occupied cow:tries,
weir-
. ? ?
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
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COPY
Major buvid Bruce
Ulius L. Amoss
oruek irregular ITogrovs
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November 9, 1942
SECRET
Over tho week-Hnd we had a planning meeting in
New Yorlt with thu following in attendance:-
Minister Theofanides
L?irry Miles
Major Puurce
Courier nWilliamo
hgentt, ITauln
qieorge"
1114.c.?
'J.D." and
AMOS8
Under cover, indepondoot of die U.S. Oovernmeht,
Uont lo.tvinK for Zurich for uonsultutions with
the bwius Uovornmont arrunged by th4 Orvok Govornment.
Courier William misried oclitact with the borne
courier Jue to dolay in Borne': dispatohes. William's
trip originwted at La Guardia Field October 23rd und.
ended La Guaratt on November 4th.
1. ldino) woro made ..tt BermudA, Horta) Lisbon
(October16!/0 25, 26), Foynee (October 26-27), Fisher-
man's Lake (October 28-29 - with a tohort stop at Bolama).
On board were Secretary Morgenthau, his Secretary Mr.
White und General Dahlquist.
4 .
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-2-
In Lisbon, "William" whose connection with us
is entirely unknown, learned that Mr. Olivera, "a
tough ex-Treasury agent" is hedd of the local
that Olivera is "on the job" and present at all Clipper
arrivals.
In Lisbon arrangements were completed to send
uncensored mai) to Berne, but the Berne courier did
not arrive in time for personal contact (Air-Suisse)
In Lisbon official quotations on cork, woods,
fish oil, etc. were received from Ray McDaniels
ostensible head of the Portugal America Corporation
but actually undercover operative for O.N.I.
From Fisherman's Lake flight was made to Belem,
Para with a two hour stop at Natal. Minox camera was
carried but with no opportunities for use.
On the return trip Mrs. Douglas MacArthur 2nd
(Senator Barkley's daughter) was carried. U.L.A.
meets Mrs. MacArthur at luncheon in Washington Wednesday,
November 11th with an idea of possibly using her in
Greek Irregular service abroad.
"William's" only other observation was the presence
of increased members of Japanese in Lisbon and a search
of his luggage,
The Prime Minister of Greece cabled enabling orders.
to Minister TheoffInides and stating that details were
coming by pouch.
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II
Establishment in Lisbon of an agent and a
cut-out.
Dispatch to Zurich of "N" who will negotiate
official bu4ness for tireec:e with the Swiss
Government. TN" is in New York and is being
trained by Major Pearce.)
Courier service from Zurich to Vienna.
Cataloging of all Maritime personne12.cross-
checking with lists of the "Order of Ahepa"
so that Ahepuns coming from the various dis-
trict :3 from which the Seamen orlginute can
fill in c'oaracter sketches of the men and
their families;
Observation of pro-Axis tendencies among
:3eumen through Axis tampering.
Dispatch of a message to "Omicron" in Hamburg.
- Cross checking of lists of listening-post
persons in Africa for security.
9 - Furtherance of reporting on Dodecannese
,Islands and utilization of the Dodecannese
190 now in the employ of the Suet Company.
?
ng of baggage in certain hotels (approved
Is Ib
ti.k1 of a special courier to London where
receive further orders.
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
Oiloh L. AmomH Oct. 261 1942
Molor 1441a tirueo
..ui)jpot: ()rot* IPPeptiftr COmmUniCatiOn 413t6M4
Ahtmo or nOloOul?s our firrit oourior left Friday morning
ittid IH (luta Wick lu two w@olu5s Our mecond log in now
!,r/lIntfoa ror from Linbon to Borne but for a limited
volumo of mmil nt on time. Wo tire trying to increase
voinmo by umo or microfilm. (No wirolemm pretiently arranged
for rrvm nw1tApv1014) An unmecured courier in avmilablo
fro!' 4tirlch to oudhpomt but wo expect word from Zurich
,!ulittrmJnr, ottrp ona tIpprnvod oouriorm from Zurich to
oodllimmt hnd urtoh to Vion114. Wo 1141/0 courierm from
illidow:oL to HeIrlitt tanU from Vienna to Dolgrada lAnd
c;C: Qolono3 b. Huntington
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
From: Uiiu i. Amoss Octobei.. 26, 1942
To: Major David Bruce
14
-Four Russian agents have arrived in Saloniki from
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ia and Yugoslavia and three in Piraeus for the
,?f organizing communist bands to resist the Axis
, Vattern of the Partisans in Yugoslavia. Some
411ies (nature net reported) are said to have
Od into Greece. I suggest that this information
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
VI
Ulius L. Amoss
Major David Bruce
New Resistance Group in South GreAwe
(Source reported by Greek Irregular Agent in
New York)
A group of more than three hundred ex-officers loyal
to King George have organized somewhere on the slopes
of Mt. Taygetos in the Peloponnesus. This groups has
sent word to me requesting drugs and 6.5 rifle
ammunition. I suggest that Colonel Donovan may be
interested in this report.
k
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
Fromz Ulius L. Amoss
klaor Uavid Bruce
Sualjec,t: Greek Irregular Courier Service
The firt outward bound fli ht of our courier
teginz; tomorrow; the first run of its kind. He is
t6king lettcrs to our contacts in Lisbon and we hope
thz;t A$ results the second leg of our communications
system will be established.
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i? ?
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?
From: Ulius L. Amoss October 19, 1942
To: Major David Bruce
Subject: Greek Irregular Developments
Saturday in New York we concluded arrangements to
open the Greek. Lisbon post first for obvious reasons.
Communications being indespensible we have made
arrangements out of our own resources for monthly
courier services between New York, Bermuda, San Juan,
Port of Spain, Belem, Natal, Fisherman's Lake,
Bolama, Lisbon and Foynes. Also once a month wireless
messages will be received and dispatched in our own
code by our own operators over a sending station he
controls.
The first outward courier leaves about November
first. (All of the communications including the courier,
operator and use of the wireless messages cost us only
$500 per month).
From Lisbon arrangements will be made for further
courier service to Spain, Vichy Paris Berne and ViiInnao
tJ.L.A.
fet.?
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Ulius L. Amoss
Major David Bruce
Greek Irregular Project on Vichy
? ????????????????1?????????????
Oct, 12, 1942
Saturday night at a private meeting arranged through
factors belonging to the Greek Irregular Group, I met
persons identified wit le Vichy.
NOTE: The following information is given
for what it is worth. I do not know
if it is new, nor yet if it is accurate.
1.
Certain high Vichy personages here and abroad
.?
are willing to collaborate with United States
. ?r
representatives.
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2.
A list is being prepared of those secretly loyal;
of those who may be used for certain defined pur-
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poses, but who cannot be trusted completely.
3. The bulk of the command at Dakar will agree to
fake resistance to an American assault; the
command will resist a British offensive with all
means at its disposal.
4. Certain members of the Vichy group here will be
willing to return to both occupied and unoccupied
France to (A) return promotion and (B) to prepare
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when ordered for invasion.
5. Laval is trying to represent himself as collab-
orating with Germany only to save France's strength
for the "Day" when she can turn against her aggres.dors
This is false. Laval is inextricably bound to Hitler.
Ho now fears defeat and is trying to hedge. How-
ever certain highly placed officials have arranged
that among French labor conscripted for German in-
dustry, are highly trained saboteurs who will strike
in the heart of Germany's war industry when the
time to strike is signalled. It is difficult
though, to keep hopes and secret enthusiasms high;
if a second front could be managed soon, it would
huvo advantage of undiluted enthusiasm, the longer
the delay, the less effective will be the efforts
of these patriots.
6. Colonel Jacquin former Chief of the French Purchas-
ing Commission wants to be used in a confidential
capacity.
7. A number of Axis agents are still employed by the
Roosevelt, Waldorf Astoria and other leading hotels.
Certain ones, (but not all) 'nave been reported to
F.B.I. but evidence enough is not at hand for actual
arrest under the legal restrictions imposed by Mr.
Biddle. Those remaining are American citizens; the
hotel union protects them and Maitres de Hotel cannot
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disoharge them. Through loyal French and Greek
room service, banquet and restaurant waiters and
captains, we may investigate any person visiting
any one of a great number of hotels in the United
States, South America and in France 'itself. Communi-
cations established the same may be done on a
smaller scale in occupied and enemy countries.
In this country, the F.B.I. has not been offered
this service to any real extent. Among the 1-otel .
employees are many ex-service men, including pilots
in Elvopean armies.
Men, whose representatives I met, are willing candi-
dates for Counter and Positive Intelligence.
After the Secret meeting, at a dinner given for me
ostensibly by Guy Lombardo, I met:
Brigadier General W. P. Larson, Commanding
General of the First Bomber Command, First
Air Force and, Colonel Clinton W. Davies
Liaison Officer, Eastern Defense Command,
First Army.
These officers have certain secret sources of
information not directly concerning their services.
These will be' turned over to me. They seek certain
other informatton. Details will be given me when
General Larson visits me at our office in Washington.
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Major David Bruce
Ulius L. Amoss
Greek Irregulnr Project
cREPT
October 7, 1942
As a by-product of this project I have
a pipe-line into Vichy about which I will report
when farther advanced.
An important man in the Vichy-Axis group
in New York has decided to "spill" and will
cooperate otherwise. I meet him again Saturday night
in New York uncier cover of a dinner to be given
me by Guy Lombardot
U.L.A.
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NOTE;
1/12/43
yoret4f
SPECIAL INFORMATION BULLETIN #2, SECRET, KINGDOM OF GREECE
____
IALEJESallgala
I. INFORMATIONS ABOUT THE ENEMY IN OCCUPIED GREECE
a) Military informations . . . . p.I - 12
b) Naval informations . . ? . ? ). 13 - 14
c) Air intelligence informations . . 14 - 16
d) Enemy's moral . . ? . 16
II. INFORMATIONS ABOUT THE GREEK PEOPLE.
a) Rebels activity . . . . . . . . 17 - 22
b) Information of political & economical
nature . 22 - 29
III. INFOWATIONS ABOUT LIMITROPHE AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
a) Bulgaria - Yugoslavia . . . ? . ? . 29
b) Austria . . . ? ?
? ? ? 0 29 - 30
IV. ATTACHED HEREWITH
a) Report of the Police H.Q. to the Ministry of
Interior.31 - 32
b) Report of the Ministry of the Interior
to the Italian Occupation Foroes..33 - 34
_
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4
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During the beginning of October there were 5,000 sailors
at Pylos. Many of them were wounded. Their appearance and their
morale were bad.
AIR INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION:
Eleusis airdrome is not being used either by the Germans or
Italians as an important base. Tatoi and Hassani airdromes in
the Athens' area do larger business.
The output of the Malstiniotis factory is 2 engines per day.
250 Germans and Greeks are employed.
CHAPTER 2 - Rgbels Activity
During the months of September and October 1,000 - 2,000
men, 16-60 years old, were imprisoned by the Italians in the
Parnassos area.
As a result of Italian reprisals more men from Fthiotis and
Phokis are joining the rebels.
No Italian Army patrols venture to pass through mountain
paths or mountainous villages. Greek rebels hold the mountainous
country, receiving food rations from the farms and ammunition
supplies from the air.
Frequent raids against the Axis garrisons. 300 Italian soldiers
were killed during the rebel raids.
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Rebels operating in the Lamia area have done the following:
On the 16th of October 100 cut the telephone line at Skorovo
Baths, captured the whole force of local police. On the 10th
of October 120 rebels cut the telephone line of the village
Marathia Kerassohoriou (Karpenissi). They entered the Marathia
village and took with them wheat and barley.
On the 12th of October 36 armed rebels cut off the telephone
line of Fcurna-Karpenissi (Euritania). They entered the village
Fourna, destroyed the police station, and took away wheat and a
uniform of an unarmed policeman.
On the 14th of October rebels entered the village Kalesmenon
Karpeniss ion and took away the wheat belonging to the village.
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
WAR DEPTMENT
HQ. ARMY AIR FORCES
WASIIII4GTUR
Co.!.. William J. Donovan
Office of Strategic Services
Washington, D. C.
Acknowledgement is herebf made of the receipt of your letterws
of November 24th, reference the training of the Yogoslav and
ireetc airwn with the Army Air Forces.
be assured that the problems raised are under consideration
our War Department General Staff aria the Army Air Forces.
S/ T. J. HANLEY, JR.
Brigadier General, U.S.A.
Deputy Chief of Air Staff.
Original kiled: Xumg1ayla."16291....
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26 CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
SCOW? Copy No.
OFFICI OF STRATIOIC SIRVICIS
INTIROPFICI MIP1A0
TO, Mr. James Murphy
rkomi Ulius L. Amoss
susacTiDodekanese Information
Following your instructions, we have furnished
67 sheets of hydrographio charts of the Dodekanese
to Mr. L. C. Miles of our Greek Irregular Mission.
A group of Marine captains are positioning the
maps and are furnishing these other features as well:
Topographical features.
Military installations
(As far as known).
Miscellaneous Informations
List of Loyal Patriots presently
resident in the Dodekanese.
List of traitors used by Italian
authorities.
We are following the Navy's detailed questionnaire
for questioning these Dodekanese experts.
We can furnish speedboat pilots who know the waters
of the Twelve l'ailands.
CC: Major David Bruce
Lt1 Colonel Ellery Huntington
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e
:
OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES
13.
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Copy 1 of 2
OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES
INTEROFFICE MEMO
FROM: Ulius L. Amoss DATE August 13, 1,42
I I
To: Mr. Hugh Wilson
SUBJECT: Greek Shirs under Swiss Charter
Ten fast Greek freighters ply between New York
and Lisbon under Swiss Charter and German safe conduct.
These ships travel under sealed orders from the
German Admiralty which, nevertheless, can be revealed
to us in advance. It appears to me that there may be
some value in submitting these eourses to our Navy.
We hare made arrangements to have secret ob-
servers on these ships, and will proceed to execute
this facility when our Greek Irregular Project is com-
pleted and accepted.
I request that the above be brought to the
attention of Colonel Donovan.
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
UNITED STATES OF AMERIAT
COORDINATOR OF INFORMATION
270 MADISON AVENUE ?
NEW YORK CITY
MEMORANDUM
To: Mr. James R. Murphy
From: Joseph Barnes
I am very much in your debt for the thought-
fulness with which you pass on things that are invariably
helpful.
This refers specifically to the memorandum you
passed on about your broadcasts to Greece. For your pri-
vate information, the reference in the last paragraph of
this memorandum to the undesirability of using persons known
to be political opportunists or te have been sympathisers
with the pant dictatorship applies, I believe, to an
incident in connection with an BBC program.
We have consistently opposed the use of persons
of this typo and will continue to do so.
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DIN: j. A, .?,1urpky
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0.16 a; to Co1ott?.1 Lors01w1 Li,,vr one of Out Cr'ret/C
cxihrpaug r ,0 1, kLio)N what you 4,./.4y 4 dointi 04
Crock 4rokidcc..ta, but I thought yoU should have
thi, tor conaiJLJNItion.
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4t01'1a1 in 2,10. UsiejsjhUyjiiillpgalkaujA of
4147 /8, 1942, commenba on Ow now broadcasting
'0...ileeCe from London, and adds certain information
4% Merta smuggled out of Ureoco about how shortwave
Oftdosets aro recolved there. Emphasis Is pinoed upon curtain
tome which may bo important in psychologinal warfare :30 I urn
eubmitting.tho suUstance of Lho editoria1, transintod from
the original Gr4Joit, for your constdoration.
The Crooks who listen to shortwave broadcasting
do thn risk or Uhuir Jives. Thoro tiro rudios in cities
ttnd towns, und somoLimos rocuivIng 3ots have boon set up in
rnmoto plucos In Liu o upon. Tht,i listoners report thiAt they
Attut 11(*Wa of roul InLorost to thu Grwok people and of an
impurLance proporLLunnLo Lo tho grt;nL danger which they run*
It traric ror sumoono who riaks his life to follow a broad-
hoping Lo aomothlag which will relieve his intolorable
rixity to livnr only irrolovant banalities*
quw1Lio1ls which interest the Greek people today
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bat is happening in the war experience on the
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2. What is happening in America
What is happening about food and relief for
Greece?
What is happening to friews abroRd?
ThiilurLd adds in its editorial that these points
ought to bt tdiken well to heart by the broadcasters in London
As 'Noll at Ly those who my be in charge of broadcasting to
Grc'eco from Amorica.
0: equal importance, the broadcasters should be
peroons accoptible politically to the people of Greece. It
cr-Ites only dtscouragoment and despair to hear someone who is
imown to ho po1.lticn1 opportunist, or someone who is considered
I t orf;()ce to ho a sympathizer with the past dictatorship, talk
now +bout dowocratic Institutions and spend much time in praising
Illmself and Ids friends. The personality of the broadcaster
may ba fully as important as the substance of his broLdcast.
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cnr pease 2013/09/26 CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
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Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
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INTEROFFICE MEMO
FROM! Ulluts L. Aaiun:3 DAME Juno ..f! 1944!
TO C,41unoI G. EdmArd Buxton
SUBJEMT, tloorol, moottngo witih Oroek !Tilde Miniater
'Vida Io to your moNlorandam of J11110
.!('ti. 14,)th Davto WIltiamtion anu Botuirt CP050W011
rovIowol the) mmaQeanauld hororo At wal dont t) y0A.
The rwtoon Vor the roquom% for perpunal re-
turn 0V thti momorandd Ja t.)iatw, have ma.lo apoclA1
tor filing Lhim Ooouniont In 8A/8 alocita
VI lm.
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Gendward Buxton
Ultus 14?Amoso
am returning thie report to you as yor,
requested.
Have you acquainted David Willinmrlon "ith
thin materiarbecause I nil* it belong
In SA/13 files, poseibly after deleting
the names of some people ',Those security
in affected although there should bo some
/gay to protect thin in an .xganization
dealing with secret intelligence.
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TREASURY DEPARTMENT
WASHINGTON
619114446
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Dear Mr, Murphy:
Thank you for cowling me your reports on
Conaitionm In the Ralkane.
These roporto eertginly leove no doubt of
tho terrible misery whioh the people in the
Brinson@ aro now suffering.
otg. James Murphy,
aflos or Coordinator of Inrormation,
Old National Institute of Health Bldg*,
25th mid i treets, No Vie,
Waohington, D, C,
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Dear Mr. Kamarck:
1 thouzht you might be interested in the
lollouing report which we have just reoetired
ffrom our man in An zra: ,
"According to responsible Gireek ref4 es
arriving here Axiawdominated police Athens demand
return of deceased braid card befirre iss4ing burial
permits so it is a mason eight in the ebreete of
Athens to see dead left on sidewalks during the night
with pillows under their buds and their fistods,,crommod
piously on their breasts. A11 ideniik 141Alo ved
get 940 as:Writes daily..
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children mostly too weak to continua. Great in
crease miscarriages and premature births because
of malnutrition. Prices on black market: flour
4500 drachmas per oks, eggs 250 aciece, potatoes
1800 per oka, olive oil 6000 pint macaroni 6000,
gasoline 3000, men's suit hundred thuusand, shoes
oighty thousand. Only articles air Liable open
makket, matches and bread.
3Athens blackout begins MO P.M. Pireu?
quarantined end April spotted typhus. Hospitals
avoiding operations because malnutriLtion prevents
wounds healing."
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INTEROFFICE MEMO
FRoml Mr. Wiley
To: Colonel Donovan
Smut:1u: Operation of the British Intelligence in Greece
DATIL January 12, 1942
You will certainly be interested in this secret
report on the operation of British Intolligenoe in Greece.
Corroborating the statements at the bottom of page 8, I
may add, out of my own experience in Vienna during l938,
t-it Captain Kondricks, British Passport Control Officer,
nnd the Chaplain of the English Church were both arrested
by the Gestapo.
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January 7, 1942
BRITISH INTALLIGliji IN GRAEOE
It is our belief that the quality of the British
IntotLigence in Grocoo left muoh to be desired. We have
hoard many reports to the effeot that muoh rudimentary
information ms lnoking nnd in other instances was carom
loos and even misiending. The British Intalligonce oan be
oontrnmted to the painfully exaoting German aervioe that
uttlizod every possiblo listening post and then oheoked
nnl reoheeked ooh item against itself as reported by many
othor official and volunteor agents.
The Gorman consuls end private oitizens managed to
hnve themselves ihvited to visit various milla and indus-
trial installations where they made copious notes on
workinA conditions, labor supply, the type and oondition
of uvory machine, noting its capacity and the probable
period it would reech obsolesoonoe. The informAtion was
copied 'Ina filed in several 06man seoretariats in Berlin,
m bureau from which German meohine tool manufaom
turera were encouraged to draw information. / was oresent
In the Lanaras-Kyrtais mills when the German Consul rabridue
later Gomm Ministor to Rumnflift, made a oompaste survey
or the plant and told me how it war) to be used.
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Contrasted to this was the British Service whose
files were replete with some information and desparately
short of other information, including such important data
as to roads, road conditions, bridges and industrial
installations
Because of our distrust of the quality of British
general information about Greece, I feel it highly desirable
for us to assemble as much detail as we can to check against
other data that may have come into American possession via
British Intelligence channels.
Facts which follow were reported to me by a Greek
ex-agent of the British who had also served with the Greek
Military Intelligence.
After the World War the British Gov3rnment established
"listening posts" all over Europe. These posts were to be
found in capital cities and important industrial centers.
Under the title "His Britannic Vajesty's Passport
Control Service" and with a semi-diplomatic status due to
their affiliation with the British Consular Service, these
offices were the nucleus of British Intelligence.
This division was controlled by the British Foreiga
Office, and in 1937 was directed by Sir Robert Vansittart.
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In 1923 the Passport Control Office, Athens Station,
was established. Located at Dragatsaniou Street No. 6 (near
the old British Legation), it was organized by Mr. George
Blaokler, a British subject and a resident of Greece for
more than 25 years.
Primnrily, this station functioned as a suborganiza-
tion of the British Consular Service. Checking through the
Greek pollee all Greek citizens who wished visas for their
passports, it also 000perated with the Greek authorities
on all aliens, in transit through Greeoe, who intended to
visit British territories.
With the evolution of political events in Europe, it
was decided in 1933 to reorganize the service on a better
basis. Ex-militoary men were given the chance to organize
sectors on a militrary basis, and in 1934 the Athens Station
was organized by an ex-Admiral of the Royal Navy. Head-
quarters were moved to Buoarest Street NO. 10 (Metoohikon
Tamion Stratou) and the staff was increased.
Activities were confined to following rap political
agitations that would endnnger British interests, and to
checking on foreign influences that could also be detrimental
to Britimh diplomatic interests.
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The station did not have executive powers. Both the
Athens Station end the substation in Salonika reported
directly to the British Foreign Office in London, using a
spmial dispatch servioe (Imperial Airways). Outgoing dis-
patches left Greooe each Tuesday evening; incoming diapatohes
were received each Thursday at 1:30 p. m.
During this year a Mr. Wallace GiGowan (ex-Lieutenant
in the Royal Air Force), who had acted Rs Intelligence
Officer in Japan end Malaya, took command.
With his appointment, a Mr. Albert Crawford (oxm
Corporal from a Middlesex Regiment) was appointed es assistm
nnt to Mr. OlGowan. Crawford had served in the British Army
Service Corps and had operated as a minor intelligence agent
of the British Army in the Near East. His education was
that of the average British soldier in the Near East.
Between Mr. OTowan and Crawford a bitter feud
developed. The latter, uneducated and from a lower British
oless, resented 0' Gowan, who was a gentleman and an offioer.
This feud developed inorseeingly until 1939, when O'Gowan
resigned beonuse of ill health.
O'Gowan was married in 1935 to his secretary, Miss
Margaret Montgomery. He was an atheist ?and his wife a devout
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Chriatien. His residence was at the Hotel Xenia a Melathron
Bucarest Street, Athena. Ocoupying a small suite on the
ninth floor, he retained a visiting room on the tenth floor.
Both suites were "sandwiched" between interoommunioating
doors.
During late 1935, the Passport Control Office enlisted
two more persona: Mr. Albert Wheel, ex-Warrant Officer of
some British regiment, who hnd served in the Greek Power &
Trot ion Co. nnd had been disoharged on the grounds of mis.?
apprOprinting funds. His duties in the Passport Control
Off toe were normal oonsular duties, affixing visas, and he
was not entrusted with intelligenoe work. Miss Alison J.
Barbour, who was the oonfidential secretary to both OlGowan
end Crawford.
A Greek-British (Cypriote) doorman was retained, and
.This man gunrded the promisee at night.
The station enlisted the servioes of Greek citizens
from all walks or life, inoluding several agent-provocateurs
who were in the pay of every foreign legation.
In 1936 the station headquarters were transferred to
a new building on University Street No. 19 (Gratsos Bldg.).
Oooupying the third floor, the itation was attraotively fur
nished and included some three ootbination files and se eis..
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During that time Juliana Bros., a fashionable clothing
store, secretly operating for the Italian Naval Intelligence,
leased the floor below the Passport Control Office. The
fourth floor remained vacant until 1938.
All telephonic installations were carried into effect
by the Hellenic Telephone Company.
Crawford married, in 1937, a Cypriote Greek divorcee.
Her brother was serving a sentence of 20 years at hard labor
for participating in the Cypriote revolts of 1927. Her first
hudbend, an ex-journalist,had been jailed (no conviction)
several times at the instigation of the Greek Military
Intelligence.
This lady hated her husband because of hislreatment
of her. Altogether these factors should be taken into con-
sideration, inasmuch as during 1937 and 1938 the Greek Army
Intelligence (pro-British section) advised the Passport
Control Office that a "leak" existed in their service in
Greece and that this should be stopped.
In 1937 the telephone company installed phones in the
office, and these were directed to a central point in the
basement of the building. Prom there transmkssion was
"channeled" to a listening post in the Monitor Section of
the Greek Secret Police Headquarters. r.
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Agents for the Passport Control Office were also
recruited from the British colony in Athens. Most of these
were employees and executives of the two main public utility
comwinies, the Power & Traction Company and the American
Express Company. Other agents were old British residents in
Greece who talked freely at the bars.
With the Metaxas regime controlling all police centers
and with the increasing pro-Nazi elements in the Greek
Government, the Passport Control Office was closely watched.
A taxi stand was established outside the building, all hack
drivers being members of the Maniadaki secret police. All
agents entering the Passport Control Office to report were
trailed, and (as reported by Army Intelligence) by 1938 every
British And Greek Passport Control Office agent had been
catalogued and listed in the "archives" of police head-
quarters.
O'Gowan was advised on these points, and he immediately
started to entertain agents in his hotel, while Crawford enter-
tained at home. These activities, however, soon came to the
attention of the Greek secret police.
In 1938 the fourth floor of University Street No. 19
was leased by Mr. Kurt Schlagdenhaaffen (National. Soaalist
Party), Director-General of the Greco-German Commercial
Cultural Center for Greece. This man had been a major ill'
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the German Army during the World War. He immedietely
organized a telenhone listening post, paid the employees of
the building to report the presence of a41? "alid" persons,
and in general set In a very systematic Gestapo counter-
espionage system, under the very noses of Messrs. O'Gowan
and Crnwford.
Greek agents reported ;nese activities to O'Gowan,
who promaly demanded that the station be moved to another
region and be granted full diplomatic, status. Crawford,
however, succeeded in countermanding this measure.
Reports that pro-German Greek officials were holding
key positions in administrative as well as military positions
were made. London commented: "Very interesting; proceed
with investigations."
When Germany invadAd Austria in 1938, the Vienna
Passport Control Office station was raided, and all members
of the staff were imprisoned on the grounds that they had
Rssisted the Jew in smuggling foreign exchange out of
Austria. The raid revealed muoh important data on the
British Intelligence system in Austria as well as in Germany.
This was used later to the advantage of the Wermacht Nach-
ritendienst. (German G-2).
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. 9 .
Protootive measures against Germwn "tapping" were
never taken, elthough pro-British meMbers of the Greek
Intelligence had advised the Passport Control Offioe of the
tmminent danger.
By 1939 the Germans were aware of all the agents
employea by the British as well as of the schedules of opera-
tions, conversations, etc.
In late 1938 the presence of a GerMall high frequenvy
short wave sender in Athens was reported to the British.
CertRin meRsures were tnken after the wave lengths were
reported to them; however, no attempts to have this stopped
through the 0fficia7, channels took place. The frequency
onerated on was 49,387, ana the power of the station was
about 1 1/2 TN. This station was reported later in 1940 as
having been detectod by the British Intelligence and suooess-
fully silenced.
Reports that oertain senior Greek officers were in
the 9ay of the Nazi party did not distuib London. In fast
General Toolaltogiu, the present German-appointed Chief of
State of Greece, had been allowed liuring the Italo-Oreoisz.
War and when the German Pais/ invaded Greeoe, to hopla the
key position in ?ograditsa. This position scrod as the
tuning point c,na Stmetion' between Zugoslav and Greek
forces. This nosition was Aht first to sixrrna to the
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Germane without offering any resistance. Tsolakoglu did
this before the Germnns had marohed down the Bitch j Past'.
Considerable more informRtion on the general dusk-
neas of the British Intelligenoe could be reported. We are
citing herewith two outstanding demonstrations of oomplacenoy.
1. Before the Germans invaaed Greece, and while the
British were shipping reinforoements into Greece, the German
Military Attaohe was permitted to ciroulate in British
military zores and camps quite freely, because "He could
not be arrested by the Greek Government, as Greece was not
then at war with Germany." All British press reports that
large bodies of troops (300,000) had been shipped to Greece,
were naturally denied by the German Military Attache. How-
ever, these reports had been circulated as a "war of nerves"
figninst the Germans.
2. With the outbreak of hostilities the British did
not know the disposition of terrain in the northern sectors
fRoing the boundaries of Yugoslavia. Reports oame through
that British Staff Intelligence OfLcers (General Headquarters,
G-2) were searohing the region in armored oars two days before
the onslaught trying to find the main road to Bitolj. *This
road, inoidentally, is the only military road in Greece whitill
the British could have used to stem the German winters.
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atlag.Lutualian
The British Intelligence in New York failed to grap
tho importance of immodtnte nssistanoe to Greece in the
form of mnterials rind supplies to be gurohmsed in the United
antes. It was officinlly reported to British 0-2 thnt the
Greek Consulqte was blocking purchases for several suspicious
ronsonm nn] tiled, the newly-established Greek Purchasing
Commission did not know how to act. The British Intelligence
dinmiAsed thim mntter msn "oLash of personalities in all
directions," rand did not assist in clearing up the situation
or in the nhipping of mnterials to Greece.
On this point, it was the duty of the British Intelli-
v,ence in Greece to anther informntion pertaining to the pro-
curement of mnteriels for the Greek Army in the advent
Greece entered tho wnr on the side of Groat Britain. If the
British Intollimence had oolleoted end olassified the needs
of Greece before the wit started, instead of the offioiale
of the Passport Control Office quareling on the questions
of personal precedence, the British Purchasing Commissiono
in collaboration with the Greek Legation oula have utarted
purohnses in November 1939, instead of waiting for Colonel
Pnpavassiliou to arrive in New York by lebruary of 1940.
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Also, the British Intelligence failed to recognize
the tactical disadvantages of terrain in Greece, had never
carried out any surveys in Greece (for military purposes),
and had contended with n sarugging of their shoulders and
stntinp: "When the time comes, the British Navy and you
(the Creeks) will turn the tide of the war in our favor."
Arrests of Passport Control Office offieimls were
reporter during October-November of 1939. It will be re-
called thmt a Mr. SiFieMund Pnyne and a Captain Best had
beon arrested on the Dutch border by Gestapo agents. The
Germtuis hmd claimed that the British were prepared to con-
tact Germnn anti-Nazis and give instructions on future short
waive transmissions from the Reich.
Both these gentlemen had served in the Passport Control
Office in Vienna and had been listed by the Germans after '
the seizure of this office during the 1938 Anschluss.
Among the more amusing incidents of British Intelli-
gence comolacency in Greece is to be reported the following
narrative:
The British Intelligence reported to London on the
activities of the Italian Government in 1938. The Italians
were offering Metaxas aircraft, equipment, tanks, rifles,
and ordnance in exchange for "commercial air bases" in
.
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various Greek Islands. London advised the British Minister,
Sir Sidney Waterlow, to hand Mataxas a severe note. The
Minister telephoned O'Gowan, advising him of his intentims
and telling him thut he (O'Gowen) was a "damned pest" for
disturbing him.
Metaxas was notified through the Greek Police Tele-
phone Monitoring System and promptly disappeared for a week
"cruising" on a Greek destroyer which was on naval maneuvers.
Meanwhile the British Minister"cooled" himself it the Hotel
Grande Bretagne, siring his vies on the Greeks, his legation
staff, and the British Intelligence Service.
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COORDINATOR OF INFORMATION
FROM: Ulius L. Amass
To: Mr. Robert Crevlswell
SUBJECT: New Greek Vice Premier
The enclosed report from Miles is a description
of the Greek Patriot Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, who
displaces Admiral Satella Sakellariou who was suspeeted
of Nazi tendencies as Vice Premier of the Greek
Government.
In view of Colonel Donovants familiarity with tlis
general subject and his special interest in it, I
suggest forwarding the report to him.
Please note that this Kanellopoulos is not related
to Nazi Agent Kanellopoulos who is now in Philadelphia.
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P(mogioLis Kanellopouloo
(Thu new Vine Premier in the Greek Covnrir
Meru) from L. C. Miles to Hilus L. Amoss.
Born In Patris, Greece in 1902.
Studied at the Athens University, Munich and Heidelberg.
lolds a Doctor,3 ut Law degree of the latter University.
Gonerti :lecret,iry or the Ministry of National Economy during
the "Collition tiovernmuntv (period 1924-6).
In 1929 he w.s given the newly created chair of Professor
()r :;ocloioy tt /Are University.
119 publishA sovorN1 trontisos on sociology, of which the
:1(mt import,int are 11.1tod below.
tho 1936 eleotion ht. tried to for:n n new independent
p()11.ttea1 party, t.hu "Unionist Party", appealing especially to
t!it, younger genoratital. This w.ls his first appehrnnce in Ureek
.)111tLcs, and .(Ithough public opinion was generally sympathetic,
pirty did not meet with the electorAl slccess which it
descr-ed, main reason being the acute political division
of the Uree% Nation, .1t, the time, between Liberals (Venizelists)
and :'opulars (anti-Veni:Lelists).
When Metaxas 'Imposed his Dictatorship, Kanellopoulos
declared hlmselr openly against it, He Wats arrested after an
article of his which appeared in the Press, attackinz the
Dictatorship and its policy. Late in 1936 he was exiled to one
or the Archipelago It Lands and remained there until November 1940,
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although overtures WON., repeatedly mude to him by Uetaxas who
wilhod to ?rardon him",
At the outbreak of t,ho Itulo-Greek War Kunellopouloo asked
IC) right an an ordinary privatm. Thin couLd not bo reused,
and tin wont through the whole Albanian campaigns
He returned to athenn on A6rit :a, 1941, accompanying
Gonomt Pitsikan (the latter was one of the Vice Chiefs of
(141wral :;taff on the Albanian Front). Being againot the
31gnaturo of the Armistice he was dcnosed by General Tsolakoglou
lind his foltowors. Kanellopoulon intorviewed Tsouderos in
Athonm before the Government's departure for Crete, He remained
behind however, wor%ing underground and eseapod about three weeks
ago. An reported he joined the Greek Cabinot in (mile on May 5
or this year, as Vico Premier, taking the pluee of Admiral
:;akoitariou. it is understood that he will remain in Egypt
reprosenting the Government there, although this has not been
officially confirmed.
Kanellopoulos has no relation whatever with the financial
family of the same mime, He lo a nephew o[ `he lue Premier
Dimitri 3 Uounaris, shot by the Revolutionary Tribunal of 1922.
Novcptheless, Kanollopoulos refused to join his late uncle's
party (Popular) which is said to have ofrered him the leadership
nt one time.
Knnellopoulos is a progressive Democrat in ideas fun of
energy and v1tality0 (Some older conse1vati4;41 aciOuse )4m,A
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being rather "pink" or even "red").
It is reported that his influence, especially among the
younger men, has comiderably augmented of late in Greece.
Books published by Kannellopoulos:
"The League of Nations" (1927)
"Sociology in Imperialistic Phenomenae" (1927)
"Sociological History and Critique of Social History" (1925)
"Carl Marx - Contribution to the History of Economic and
Social Theories" (1930), and others.
-3-
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rtu.sriint: HO rum! I hLi 8-3535
Address:Cable kitCHGRZEK. New York
-'31-? Riad-es:jar
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EAAHNIKH APX1E111EK0111-1 AMEPIKHZ E.30PaiY KAI NOTIOY
GREEK ARCHDIOCESE OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA
10 EAST 79TH STREET
NEW YORK- N. Y.
July 16, 1942
Er. William J. Donovan
Coordinator of Information
Washington, D. C.
My dear Mr. Donovan:
I received your cordial letter of
May 15th, but upon learning that in the mean-
time you had departed, I waited until you re-
turn to write to you.
I welcome you and thank you from the
bottom of my heart for your letter and its con-
tents. You have obligated me very much, because
I think I dontt do very much for the U. S., to
Whom I am deeply indebted.
I am ready though to submit myself
to an duty and to make every possible sacrifice
for our beloved Country, which is fighting for
Universal freedon and justice and for the New
Day which is to come.
was in Washington a few days ago,
and would have come to see you if I hadn't been
called back to N. Y. Rest assured though, that
at my first opportunity I shall come to Witshing-
ton to meet you personally, and express my sin-
.; ,,oere admiration toward you.
10, lc7)/
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Sincerely yours,
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Arphbis p Ath.enagoras
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His Cirace, Athenagoras
Archbishop of North and South America
10 East 79th Street
New York, N. Y.
The reports and descriptions of Greek-American
youth of military age so kindly undertaken by you
tre coming in in splendid volume.
The care with which Your Grace has managed this
important service is of great interest to our armed
services and I wish to express my deep appreciation
for your loyal and patriotic assistance,
,
.41 '
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Copy for Colonel William 3. Donovan
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May 140 1942
His Grace, Athenagoras
Archbishop of North and South America
10 East 79th Street
Now York, N. Y.
Your Grace:
Mr. Fragos has been sending us the voluminous
census of Greek-American youth of military age and
special ability. The care with which your Bishops
nnd Priests have cooperated has impressed everyone
and the report that, perhaps, as many as a hundred
thousand names will be returned to us is astounding.
Your help is of signal value to the War effort
,And everyone is pleased and grateful. I hop-DI may
have the pleasure of seeing you again soon.
With regard and affection,
iff?' fr:4
Aper -44le .40
Ausi vomit .
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Faithfully yours,
Ulius L. Amass
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MEMOHANDUM February 170 1942
0
Notes from the Greek Press in the U. S.
P'rom the Greek Daily National Herald of February 9, 1942
it/
4.
Statements attributed by the dress to the Honorable
neorge H. Earle, formerly United States WAnister to Bulgaria,
thnt the 13u1t2Artans, from Boris down to the lowliest peas-
ant., nre grieved that Bullyr,la As among the enemies of the
United :Antes, }led nroutied Ire in the Greek-American press.
The Herald points lut to Mr. Earle that Bulgaria
volunturily served ns n springboard for the attacks on
Juleonluvin and Greece, that in both countries the
htliyirinna have been guilty of the most fearful outrages
(Jr :ilunder und slaughter, and that the Prime ginister
hnfi 6001,iptid
that Pulo:aria will do latuslana to secure
U vfttory for Hitler.
"That injw.tIce, Mr. Earle, toward those of us who
enve stayed fast, by Amerlf!als side, in deed as well as
in word -- How you wound the rights due to the people
Who today quiver beneath the Bulgarian swordt"
Indignation among (reeks in the U. S. over the question of
food for Greene
The Detroit Athens of February 5, 1942, has a 6-column
Coordinator of Information:
Foreign Nationalit es Branch
esSi 4*
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edlLor;41 entItled "Whoeo rault is it?" in which it blames
tho Allind Oovornments and the Governmont of Greece in
i,ondon ror rallure to eland rood into Grecon to At the
.ILAArving people.
This rnpromentm a very general and widespread point
or view among tho Oreeku in the United Stittes. The Boston
;..thon in vory ootnpoken, am is also the Greols aux
Nnt1onal gerald of Now York.
Roforenco 11) conntantly made to the appembement of
Vivily-loranco nu 6 Spain with rood, "with boats that are
lond,id (Ivory day wii,h thousands of tons of food from
ArrIon, and rrom North And south Americao" The pstroit
At.hr!ns noollmon tho allims or rnaring Prance and $pain
moti honc,o rolnxing the bloakade, hut of not fearing
r;i.nocm iivoneo not rolaxIng the blookadt.
rt:n alluntince Indignation, it is the roport, may
evynWilym Into a oLvong political sentiment against
the inadern or tho pronent Grook Covernment in exile
for not hnvInc morm nuooess in arranging for shipments
or rood.
Aral' propazAnda rrom Athena, Orelooe
Athens in report by the London yimee correspondent
in :anmbni (how quoted In Orcokmlanguage papers in the
nnitAld btaten) to be a center of Arab propaganda, with
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044
many lan, fraq, and Kvptian paid agnnta or tho Axis
ne.tIvn
thmrm. An Armb nowapnpnr will bn mdttod in
Aihmun, momordinc to thm report, and thn Athens radio
hrondortmlm conatnntly In 'Arabic.
Thm rnmor PrI9in Minimtnr or Iraq, (Milani, and the
1;romnd nr inrinialmm have) caono, or mrn going, to
Athrina, thn rmport adda.
..ommmtmmo.04..m.A.tsa.o....w.-scammmgymwrp...=..dwmwwiWA~mpqlmotOWPWWtsolWMWMWWOA4.mqiOtedWgMIWMMFOMPM,WPIWMseOsWIWP.W4eNWOWPWW.WVVW
Coordinmtov nr Information: Porntaa Nattonalition
DINtviln14,04 to: Delpartmont or State
Dopartmnnt of Juctioo
()Moo of !oto and Figures
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COORDINATOR OF INFORMATION 4 1 rtAt
..c
.SECREr
INTEROFFICE MEMO
FROM: David Pruce LUNE Miarch 300 1942
"f'c): Colonel Donovan
SUBJECT:
There is attached a copy of a memorandwxydated March 260
1942, fromMr. Amoss of this office: wLich may be of interest
to you.
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IIINTEROFFICE MEMO
FRoml U. L. 4m0:1:1
TO Mr. Dnvid 14,1100
SUBJECT! nroott 101011)i:1110p
Apohhi?hop wi414 oxtromoly ploanod mt hnving
mot %no lonohcad with you. Ho hno told mo that tho
ontlro rlclIttloq or hi iorganization aro !kt our
di9pontli. Ho put 14 thotlo wordt?
havo Lhroo 131Aop) throo hundrod prioata
Lind Inrvo and rats flunt: ormigution. Pvory
ono undor my ordorm tfl=dot? yours. You may
oommund lhom rOr any morvioo you rot-lustros
Thtwv will bo qmontiono unlkod and your
OlrooLionq will ho ommutod raithrully,
Plwoo tull Mr, Vputlo for me that thin is bo4n
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0111110140m....4* IA --a v;',
CONFIDENTIAL
WAR DEPARTMENT
WAR DEPARTMENT GENERAL. STAFF
MILITARY INTKLLIRMIR DIVISION Oil
WASHINGTON
MID 201 Papavasilloni George
JPJPIO7942
Lieut. Colonel William J. Donovan,
Coordinator of Information,
Washington, D. C.
Dear Colonel Donovan:
Your letter of January 7 has been received and I
note therein the reference made to Lieut. Colonel George
Papavasillon, who presently is Chief of the Greek Military
Purchasing Commission in New York, Information contained as
to his pro-Gorman beliefs and to his recent remarks sent to
the Greek Minister in Washington, D. C. has been carefully
noted. I am bringing the subject matter to the attention of
the interested parties in this Division.
Your interest in forwarding these data is very much
appreciated.
RAY ND Be LEE,
Brigadier neral, U. S. Army,
Acting Assistant Chief of Staff, 0-2.
CONTIDENTIAL
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CONFIDENTIAL
MID 201 Popavasillon, Oeorge
:Air Colonel Donovan!
Tar Uttar of Januar/ 1 ham been roestved and I
note thorein the reference made to Limns Colonel Geergs
lospavesiIlon? who presently is Chief et thsOlmoit Ittlitory
Perohasing Commission in New York. Information oaatatned as
to his progiCerman beliefs ami to his mat remarks seat to
the Crook Minister in Washington, DO CO has bilmee earefelly
noted,' I am bringing the subject matter to the attention of
the interested parties in this Divisions
Your interest in forwarding those data is Tory much
sqvrociated?
CONFIDENTIAL
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'
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Vat,
ri)k.o..-eseedront,
General Raymond E. Lee
Acting Chief of Staff, G-I2
War Department
Washington, D. C.
*ACM ?1?41)1011ftlimses),..toe.mocals...,,,,,,,,,,....
Gre.e.
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january 7, 1942
Dear General Lee:
It has been reported to us thattLt. Colonel George
Papavasillon is Chief of the Greek Military Purehasing
Commiaaion in New York, established in quarters furnished
by the British Purohasing Commission. The Colonel is
from the Greek General Staff. He is pro -German and has
been noted for spreading defeatiem whoever possible. He
draws a salary while on duty here of 1600 per month Which,
for a Greek officer of his rank, iB a small fortune. His
mission is ended and his goverament has suggested his rem
turn to Cairo, but up until the last few days he has managed
to evade the issue, when the Kinister of War in London cabled
instructione to report immediately to London.
The Colonel addressed a very long and unbelievably
insulting letter to the Greek linister in Washington, say*.
ing, among other things, tbe. he reeognized no Greek vern
men outside of Greeee and commenting caustically to the
effect that he was being ordered to return to military sere'
vice when Greece had no aray and no commanders except "a
pitifully small number of mereenaries in the pay of the
British.
The Greek Minister yestorday (tabled exceoios of his
letter to London, a reply coming during the samo
th
ordering e Minister to hold a hearing in Waeht ton with
the cashierina of the Cgetel indicated
am obtaining further information ooncerniittLs
activities in the United State* od will keep iftri advised.
Sincerely,
Lf. Foy
4
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January 7# 1942
Mr. Poole:
/7LIPMTEN;NT COLONEL GEORGE PAPAVABILLON is Chief of the
G-eek Mi) Phirehaeing Comm.esion in New fork, establishel
in qurmters furrished by the BrItish Purchasing Commisbion.
The Colonel is from th( Greek General Staff. He is pro-Gerrann
and has been noted for spreading defeatism whenever possible.
Re draws a salary while on duty here of $600 per month which,
for a Greek officer of his rank, is a small fortune. His
mission is ended and his Government has suggested his return
to Cairo, but up until the last few days irr, has maaaged to
evade the issue, when the Minister of War in London cabled
instructions to report immediately to London.
The Colonel addressed a very long and unbelievably in-
sulting letter to the Greek Minister in Washington, saying,
among other things, that he recognized no Greek Government
outside of Greece, and commenting caustically to the effect
that he was being ordered to return to military service when
Greece had no army and no commanders except na pitifully small
number of meroonarjes in...the pay of the Britioh.?
The Greek Minister yesterday cabled excerpts of his let-
ter to London, a reply comiag during the same day ordering
the Minister to hold a hearing in Washington '.;iixttly% the cashier
of the Colonel indicated., ;
A further report on the Colonel will be submitted, offer-
ing facts concerning his activities in the United ktites :ana
.involving financial dishonesty and treasonable aotiwit
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s.:
MUMMA' Malui4LI 0140N4 PARAVASILLOU is Chief of the
crook Military PurohusinL4 cougu1m0011 La Now Yor4o established
in vartors furnlouod by Wm Drottioh Nrollasing Oomfoulion*
Thp Colonol from Wie Ornex ionorn1 Btaff* He is pro-Oormun
Etat h40 boot% noto4 Opromding defoutium wrionever ponsibloc
go (WM c ttlary while on duty hors of 0600 per month whioh,
fur a Orcek ofriuur of his rank, is a small fortune* Hits
miagion im endvd mitd hin Govvrnmont ion ouggestekl hie retttrn
to Cuirop bat up until CA, lant few days he hap mnnaged to
evade the issue, when tile Miniutor or War in London cabled
irattructions to riPqrt tmwodiately to London*
The Colonel aaioasod a very long uud unbelievably in-
sult1:14 letter to tis ()rook Minint(or in Waohington, saying,
among other things, t1$tit ho risoogni3ed no Greek Oovornment
outulde of Orosoo$
unit commenting) eauptioally to the effeet
that tio wao Win ordered to rotura to military service when
cromm 444 0 army and no ovatastiaorro exoopt na pttiful
autiber of mereeaurtos lawtho pay at the Britig00
The (Moak minister yosterduy (tabled imorts oLi lotto
ct
r4. or to 1400ria a reply eotuing autom, tholfr
':Hu MittPter to hold a htztaritts, 440
of trwaolonol tndioatods
furhhorroport on tho 0
tog ,/pfsti concerning tits ex
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Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
,
June i3,1942
ort iq (4..-t. 71
Excellency:
.I want to evrees to Your
Excellency, and ask you to be good enough
to bring to the attention of His Majesty,
the high appreciation of myself and the
rest of Colonel Donovan's collaborstors.
of the graciousness of His Mnjesty in being
t to iv, at luncheon on rriday*
This function is one which
will remain in our memory* We all connidered
it a privilege and an honor to be able thus
informally to meet and converse with the
King of Greece
am, Excellency, your ?beam
s
itcret.
servant
His Excellency
Cimon P*Diamanto
lani.ster. o 1,10*
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June 13, 1942
Excellency:
want to express to Your Excellency, and ask
you to be good enough to bring to the attention of
His Majesty, the high appreciation of myself and
the rest of Colonel Donovan's collaborators of the
?
graciousness of His Majesty in being host to us at
luncheon on Friday.
This function is one which will remain in our
memory. We all considered it a privilege and an
honor to be able nue informally to meet and converse
with the King of Greece.
I am, Excellency, your obedient servant,
His Exeellency
Cimon P. Diamantopoulos,
Minister of Greece.
HaWilsonmih
14
id
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ki.Z."????? ?
115
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The attached report on "The Visit
of King George II of Greece" is being
multilithed for diqtribution early next
These two copies are being sent
to you in advance of the regular distribu-
?
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.111,
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FoREI6g
Number 35
..?????????????? ./1////boa. IP/ ear/MINFP*0.1.1110.?
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THE VISIT OF KING GECRGE 11 Jl 471WS1,
? **. - 11.*****..**, *
A ? - .1.11/11..
.9 visit of KIng George II of
statit 8d in Palestine and Egypt has, 5tolording tJ varLtv )1
repot-, been slessful in allaying VIP) anti-roycalst diaa'17-
fecti.ln of these troops and has reatond their
the It' 4L, This success was no doubt
T). ?
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-che result of
1 to the Greeic army and navy, on which the King was
able to rfsport, as it was of the King's personal efforts.
Whatever the reasons far its success, his visit has contri-
buted substantially to the unity and determination of the
Greek war effort.
A somewhat similar result may be expecte' from the Kingla
visit to the United States. Here too he will ace many types
of disaffection, but with suitable ba6kir.
Ale needs of '
his people (if not for himself), it is '-ti that he will be
Able to stand as the symbol of a ur a Common
caase.
The Greek Bureau of Resea
City has recently distributed a
phasizing the liberalization of ti
soklijmAToR OF INFORMAT!,411
!.0 in tiewlork?-.
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Number 35
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- 2 oe
442,
4
June 8$ 1942
Govemment in Exile, 2ha Greek Government which want into
oxile oft a result of the aerman invasion was the partial heir
of thn regime establishod on August 4$ 1936, When royal decrees
dissolved Parliament and General John Metaxas instituted a
personal dictatorship during which laws were' enacted by royal
decree. Metaxas died in late January of 1941, during the war
Rgatnst the Italians, and was succeeded by M. Koryzis, who
reject A. the German ultit.!tum which preceded the German attack.
On Ap,11 1, 1941, when it became clear that Athens would fall
to .he lermans, Koryzis committed suicide. In the great peril
of that moment, the King experienced difficulty in appointing
a n)w cabinet, but on April 21$ Emmanuel Tsouderos, known as
1,cera1 with London banking connections* became Prime Minister
of a Government which included some mini3ters who had been in
the Metaxas Government, It was with this Government that the
King escaped first to Crete, from there to Egypt and finally
to London, where the cabinet was formally constituted on
September 240 1941. So long as members of the Metaxas regime
were included in the Government, there was great opposition
to it among Greeks in all parts of the world, and particularly
among those in the United States. The Bureau of Research
stresses the fact that the appointment of Mr. Panagiotee
Kanellopoulos as Vioe-Premier has done muoh to eliminate tho
criticism of the Tsouderos Government. The new Vioe-Promieri
spoken of as one of the most eminent oft. the younger atatepiten.
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4.?.1r41.04 NW'
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. 3 . June 8, 1942
of Greece by the left-wing Boston Ethnos (April 17), was *tiled
by meLaxas in the early days of the dictatorship. He returned
to serve at the front at the outbreak of the GrodkeItalien
war. Because he stayed on after the German occupation to
lead the guerilla warfare until his recent escape, it is felt
that he is in the closest contact with the Greeks still within
the oecupied country. Kanellopoulos replaces Admiral Sakellariou,
who had been retained from the Metaxas regime.
Other changes in the cabinet of the Greek Government in
Exile Include the resignation of Mr. Nikoloudis who was Minister
of Propaganda and Tourism and who was responsible for the Greek
"Youth Movement," and the recent dismissal of Mr. Dimitratoa,
wheN was Minister of Labor. Mr. Dimitratos was originally sent
to the United States as a special emissary of the Tsouderos
Government, which had decorated him. All but a very few of
the extreme right-wing payers greeted his dismissal with joy,
but the ex-Minister himself vigorously protested against being
charged with pro-Fascist sympathies and initiated that in Greece
he we still regarded as the rightful leader of the laboring
,slasses. The retirement of Admiral Sakellariou is tlits.mosit
significant cabinet change Inasmuch as it rmoves thellAtit
member Who belonged to the dietator84p.cf AuglOt 4 ;WO. ,
It is reported that the King ofirecib will bi:.4qoiiipaniiki.
by his Prime Minister, Mr. Teouderom, on has trip'
,
States( The schedule calls for his 4144tival'il
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Number 36 June 8* 1942
June 10, where it is expeoted that during his stay of apft
proxJmately six days he will address the Oongresse From hero
he will go to New York, Where he will remain for approximately
six days more, It is understood that the King and his party
will then leave the United States,
This visit is anticipated with mixed feelings by the
Amerioane of GreCr descent in the United Staten and by Greek
citizens who are .:.esidents of the United States. In the 1.-ezs
of some, the Kin, is contaminated by his association with the
'armor diotatorial regime of Metaxass Some of the liberal
(freek newmpapere in the Trrited States find it difficult to
overlook this connection and there is a danger that the arrival
of the King in this country will serve to arouse the nolitioal
oontroversy which has more or less died down in recent months.
On the other hand, the King and his Government have been making
gestures obviously designed to placate the liberal demoorati.)
element. In addition, the fact that the King will be received
by the American Government as the Chief of State of a oountry
taking part in the war as one of the United Nations may serve
to make oritioism of him appear untimely even in the oyes of
the most untraotable Greeks,
The news reports from Palestine* Hapt4 and London oon.?
tinue to emphasize the renewed leadersh* of the Ong as
titular head of the Government which waged h /*Olt
.o?
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Number 3 6 June 8, 1.912
reconditioned its army and navy to resume an active part in tha
fight of the United Nations. There is the ultimate hope that
the King by his visit to the United States may serve to unify
the various divergent political factions, that he may in his
person be a symbol of unity, bind that thp Greeks, inspired by
his presence, may remember vividly the glorious days of their
fight in Albania. In this way they may be impressed by the
gravity of the present situation in Greece itself, and may
take a new resolve to carry on without internal dissension.
Some preliminarr reaction to the visit of the King oan
be noted in the Greek press. The powerful Atlantis of New
York, Which has always been a supporter of the Monarchist
party, comments editorially (May 19) that "The visit will
nave a symbolie charaeter and will serve purely national
purposes. lowever short it may be, it will certein17
strengthen the bonds between the land of our birth and the
liazAd of our adoption and will remind the American public of
the tremendous actor:Lai:so of the Greek nation dn the altar of
the common struggle against Hitlerism and Fascism. In addition,
it will give the Greek Premier an opportunity to bring the
Amerioan Oovernment up to date on the Greek share in the common
war effort and on the plans for future aotion of the Geek
forces fighting in the Middle Unto ?Greek* s.nd Amieritoana of
Greek extraction will fl patriotic; mition am& juiti4able
pride beoaume in a little while the 14110ors, of,the
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. a . :Une 4, 042
otrugglo will be among them and, wo aro sure, will demonstrate
the rooltnga or love', devotion and reverence which they
oharlmh toward th000 who In Ole fowl or great obotaclee knd
in 1rii dayn liroot tho fldht for the liberetion of Greek
tondii from the abomInnbio invaderus"
Thu other powcerul Oreek daily, the patilpal Herald, will
apportntly do what IL oan Lo pro4ervd unity during the vie.t
or the King* Ti will ho an important contribution, Vote UN*
Uorold hao conmIsteRtly oeen outspoken tn its rejection of
overyt.hing connected wIth the dictatorship of Metaxam* Most
of the othor Greek ovary, ChoiAeh Velar attitude is of less
Impor%anos, will prob&bly look with favor von the royal visit,
Tho kaa and the Elar of Chicago and the Cantont Ohio, Latallza
mong thin number.
Tho potation Which will be taken by tho Communimt Grulm
AmerioAn Tribune of New iork is problematic* In the pact it
suAn t(Akon tba pooition that pertioun politics outside Greece
make) very little difference* When the war is over the Greek
1)0op1e inaide Widow), who have borne the brunt of suffering
4nl1 privation, will dooido for themmelves What kind of Governm
molt they wont, The vinit of the King and his Minister may
tnor.)roro boom to the edttora of the Wi:obtimpactit to have relikti**17
little nignifioancee The Bomton Mau may be oritioal, and
there in apt to be a fl4roosUp of indignation tts the somstinies
irreaponniblo !mu' of Ohloagos News of the Kingis viSW
WisULL1llif
? .
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r
.44
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Number ;55 June 8, 1942
(Jame too late for any but perfunctory comment in the last
numbor of Hellas. Since it is a monthly publication, its
sentiments, whatever they may be, will play no direct part
in condttioning the reception given the King by Greeks in the
United States.
Organizations other than those predominantly Greek are
also preparing to welcome the King and his Minister. The
Near East organizations which have done educational and
philtuithropio work in 3reece, together with the American
Friends of Greece, will give a dinner in honor of King George
on June 22. It is nate to say that all these are anxious to
make tha King's visit successful.
degardless of the procedure of restoration in Greece when
the nar is ended, and regardless of the Greek people's decision
for a continuation or a discontinuation of the Monarchy -- there
is evidence from outside Greece that the King is not held in
favor by the great masses of the people at tho present time --
there is a general belief that the successful prosecution of
the war will be best served if all Greeks and all friends of
Greece can remain united now around the King and the Teouderos
Government. It Is poesible that the visit may open up old
wounds and aggravate polAtical differences among the Greeks
in this country; but it is more probable that the-visit may
achieve a sufficient unity of emotion saad?purpose to 'permi,t
the Oreeko to nonoentrate their energies on prommineptobilios
ciats, jamiL9L1111.9. R )1.24: r.*CI
oVe.r6,011.a..".7.1* ? "
WagVatults15'
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Number 3b June 8, 1942
of relief and on the conduct of the war with a minimum of
diskgreement among thamselvos. If it is a success, it Will
he ILeartening encouragement to the Greek foroes in the Near
Euta', and even (in spite of opposition to the King personally)
to the people within Greeoe.
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t-
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tv-rAirr
v.1.411
)*), P.rgicToit*e-F
014 -
COORDINATOR OF INFORMATION
FOREIGN NATIONALITIES BRANCH
a
IIKOSIMIOXIttikelf
Gyr ,p it: ?
Copy Number/ $w
'(16' *IF 0 R IGN POLITICS
In the
UNITED STATES
Number 35 June 8,1942
THIS VISIT OF KING GEORGE II OF GREECE
The visit of Xing George II of Greece to the Greek troops
stationed in Palestine and Egypt has, according to a variety of
reports, been successful in allaying the anti-royalist disaf-
fection of these troops and has restored their confidence in
the Xing. This success was no doubt as much the result of
British aid to the Greek army and navy, on which the Xing was
able to report, as it was of the King's personal efforts.
Whatever the reurons for its success, his visit has eontrieb
buted substantially to the unity and determination of the
Greek war effort.
A somewhat similar result may be agpeoted from the NIngts
visit to the United States. Hare too he will facie many tYpiloa
of disaffection, but with suitable banking for the needs or ?
his people (if not for himself), it is probable that he will be
able to stand as the symbol of a united effort in a emmace.
cause.
The Greek Bureau of Research and Information in Nov 'loft
City has recently distributed a number *florets* releases empli
phamising the liberalisation of the Cabinet of the Gro*
COORDINATOR OF INFORMATION FOREIGN NATIOWALITIE3 'RUCH-
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Number 55 thine 8 1942
Government in Exile. The Greek Government whit& went into
exile as a result of the German invasion was the partial heir
of the regime established on August 4# 1996, When royal decrees
dissolved Parliament and General John Waxes instituted st
personal dictatorship during *doh laws were emoted by royal
decree. Metaxas died in late January of 1941# during the war
against the Italians, and was succeeded by M. Xorysis, who
rejected ths, German ultimatum which preceded the German attack.
On April 1# ;9410 when it bsrcame clear that Athena would fall
to the Germans, Korysio committed suicide. In the great peril
of that moment, the in experienced difficulty in appointing
a new cabinet, but on April 21# Immanuel Tsouderos# known as
a liberal with London banking conneetions, became Prime Minister
of a Government which included some ministers who had been in
the Metaxas Governmsnt. It was with this Government that the
King escaped first to Crete, from there to 'apt and finally
to London, when the cabinet was formally oonstituted um
september P4, ;.941e So long as members of the 'Mama regime
were included in the Government, there was great oppositli*,.
to it among Greece in all parts of the world, and partievliiibly
among those in too United States, The Boreal& of' Rellsarobi
stresses the fact that this appointment of Ilire NOW.
Eanellopoulos as Vice-Premier has done mash to ablaut*:
criticism of the Tsonderos Gower/Amalie rbla MOW V
spoken of as one of the most eminent 41 th, 74
47011:1;1.;7".
? tiet
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of Greeee by tale left?ving Boston atita (April 1 ,
1)lis
*Number 55
by iiietazaa in the early days of the dietatoriaPs Se returned
to serve at ?e at the front th outbreals of the Ors*/Patellas.
war. Bet)&11$111 he stayed on after the Gerson oceVation, to
lead the guarilla Agerfar? IOW. his reoent essepet it, s sti is f4t,
that ho is in the 03.0sest c outset with. the Grssitll vrittaa,
the occupied country. itenallopoulos replaces Mbsirsel Salon ioa
t
Gr Goi snt in
who had been retained. from the letexes regS300*
Other changes in the cabinet of the eek eles
Fail? include ths resignation of Itt. Iiiltolotulis 'who wa
s Sinister
of ?ropagenda end Tourism end 'who
itas responsible for tbi Greet
"Youth liovement," and, the recent dismissal of lir. Disitratoe.
itto was liinister of Labor.Dblatratcs vilLe Originini VOA
the 'United 'States a special emissary o
as f the Teouderoe
Govertusents 'Allah, bad. decorated. bS al AA0 but a
to yore fee of
the *ztreme risbitiming yelpers ted a
greeted, his dismissal irtgb. 3.1.
but the eziollinister himself vigorously protesgainst
'eels*
I charged, with pro "F
sympathies owl insisted that is Gra***
Ile ws.* s retirement ress,rded as the riextfu3. leader of the laberiong
;
classes. The of Illiriot is, iim
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States. Th40 somata,0 , %.
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o'foffar
m 4 JUne 8# 1948
Juno 10, where it is expootea that during his stay of op*
proximately six day* he will address the Owens. From hare
he will go to Now York, where he will remain for approximately
six days moro. It is understood that the Xing and his party
will then leave the United States*
This visit is antioipated with mixed feelings by the
Americans of Greek descent in the United States and by Greek
oititens Who are residents of the United States, In the oyes
of some, the King in contaminated by his association with the
former diotatorial regime of Metaxas? Soma of the liberal
Greek newspapers in the United States find it difficult to
ovorlook this connection and there is a danger that the arrival
of the King in this country will serve to arouse the political
controversy which, has more or less died down 'im recent months*
On the other hand, the King and his Governmont hove been making
gestures obviously designed to placate the liberal democratic'
elomont? In addition, the fact that the Xing will be racial/v*4,
by the American Government as the Chief of State of a Gauntry
taking part in the war as one of the United Nations say servo
to make aritaiolawn of him appear untimely even in the ors of
the most untraotable Greeks.
The news reports from Palostine# ypt, and liendem sena
time to emphasise the mewled leadership of the &th es
titular head of the Government ittieh waged* hes
against both the Italians and the- Germane andvdaWk
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Number 35
0. 5.S
Ain* fijo 1,942
reconditioned its army and navy to resume an aotive port In the
fight of the United Nations. There is the ultimato hope that
the King by his visit to the United States may serve to unirr
the various divergent political factions, that he may in his
person be a symbol or timity, and that the Greeks, inspired by
his presence, may remember vividly tbs glorious days of their
fight in Albania. in this way they may be impressed b: the
gravity of the present situation in Grieco itself, and may
take a now resolve to oarry on without internal dissension.
Soma preliminary reaotion to the visit at the King can
be noted in the Greek press. The poworra tang& of New
York, which has always been a supporter or the Monarchist
party, comments editorially (May 19) that *The visit will
have a symbolio character and will serve purely national
purpose. However short it may be, It will oertain4
strengthen the bonds between the and of our birth and the
land of our adoption and will remind the American pubis of
the tremendous eaorifioe of the Greek nation lin the altar at
the common struggle against Ritlerisza and raselas. in addition&
it will give the Greek Premier an opportunity to bring the _
Amerioan Government up to date on the Greek *hare in the Sem=
war effort and on the plans for future aotion of the Oro*
forces fighting in the Middle! Seat. Greeks sad Antorisslas..
Greek extraction will feel patriotic emotion and jiatir
pride because in a little while the loaders of the
saugatagLit.Luaistai4 o s 0 it juit.i.LiaLL 1,101C14
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struggle will be among them and, we are sure, will domonstrato
the feelings of love, devotion and reveranas whieh they
cherish toward those who in the face of ',Teat obstaeles and
in trying days direct the fight for the liberation of Greek
lends from the abominable invaders."
The other powerful Greek daily, the ersl, will
apparently do *hat it can to preserve unity during the visit
of the King. This will be an important *contribution, for the
Herald hag, consistently boon outspoken in its rejeetion of
everything coanected with the dictatorship of Metaxas.
of the other Greek papers, though their attitude is of less
importanoe, will probably look with favor upon the royal visits
The gami and Was Star of Chicago and the Canton, Ohio, Lerma
are among this number,
The position which will be taken by the Communist GreOkft
American Tribune of New York is problematic. in the past it
has taken the position that partisan polities outside Greece
make very little difference: when the war is over the Greek
people inside Graeae, who have borne the brunt of suffinIng
and privation, will decide for thommelise /dud; kW of Gisarster-
mant they want, The visit of the Xing salable Minister,
therefor* seam to the editors of the Wiwi to haw rolAttimili
little significance, The Beaton amitsay be oritptiliAmot
there is apt to be a flareftup of indIsmaiton
irresponsible Wel.as of Chicago. Nem* of
gslagime suaLL.1 ATI t ir**ot*
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June 81244.0
came too late for any but perfunotory comment in the lest
number of Mak& Since it is a monthly publication, its
sentiments, Whatever they may be, will play no direet part
in conditioning the reception given the King by Greeks in the
United States.
Organizations other than those predominantly Greek are
also preparing to welcome tha Xing and his Minister. The
Near East organisations which have done educational and
philanthropic work in Greece, together with the American
Friends of Greece, will give a dinner in honor of Xing George
on June 22, It is safe to say that all these are anxious to
make the King's visit successful.
Regardless of the pr000dure of restoration in Graeae when
the war is ended, and regardless of the Greek people's deeleimm
for a cont'4nuation or a discontinuation of the Monarch; there
is *widon. tram outside Greece that the Xlmg is not held in
favor by the groat =Asses of the people at ths present time imp
there is a general belief that the sucoessful prosecutteltat
tile war will be best served if all Greeks and 403. falties40at
Grum* can remain united now around the Ong and *It TiWWPib?rn
Government* It is possible that the *ea UP,
,
wounds And aggravate political differense*-40404 10*
in ',Ibis country; but it le more probable that-10k
achieve a sufficient unity of evictien OWL purpose .**
the Greeks to concentrate their' energies os. pre
tLLIS,JALLLLLE.LLLLLI LL-LS4 N
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Numbor 35
of relief and on the oonduot of th* war with a minima of
disagreement among themselves? If it is a ;mesas, wS,13.
be heartening encouragement to the Oresk fevoes in the near
host and oven (in spite of opposition to the in poramaltr)
to tho people within Greece.
.24,2
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FOR (*Win DONOVAN:
nm tuAnding you thin to
two oopion In oftmo you mhould (14114
Lo patio on ono oopy to Liob 511nrwoo4,
rov liunkgrouna guidknoo.
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F'01-t COLONLI, DONOVAN:
June 5, 1942
(7-' eit?cA.. (3 7 01
A 01%%ser
x
1-0( , Aiod.
In vier, of the approaching visit of King George 11 of
Greece ,ind his Prime !inister, Yr. Tsouderos, it occurs to me
that ;1 Nemorandum on the King and on the possible rcaction to
viL;it 4munL Creeks in the United States way be of inturcbt
Lu you.
Kink Georg c II, the eldel)t on of King Constantine,
succ(leded to the throne of Greece in 1922, but after 4 revolt
In i,ecvrAiLr of 193 wa:; forced to abdicate and to leave Greece.
He spent most of his (Odle in residence in England, and was re-
e,411(d to the throne in 1935 after z, coup d' stat (.4nd a refer-
endum v.hich .;1wd a Ital,Q majority in favor of restoring the
mow, rchy. It haL boen claimed tilat the referendum was "fixed!'
but thLre is no doubt that the political turmoil in Greece in
theLrly 30's led mony to favor the restoration of z. royalist
1.overnmont.
King George has never been a powerful monarch. On
largust 4, 1936, he allowed the dictator, John Metaxas, to assume
control of the government and he issued decrees dissolving Parlia?
ment and suspending constitutional guarantees. There is evidence
that his tolerance of the dictatorship and his flight from Greece
;it the time of the German occupation have caused him to lose
?
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ONO
41.
ONO
whatever popul.irity and affection he may have had among the
people in Greece. Reports which have been brought out of Greece
since the occupatiun show that the people believe their King to
havc deserted them in the hour of their supreme trial.
After final flight from Crete in the spring of 1941,
the Kin. and his Cabihtt vent first to Egypt, then to South
Africa, and finally eL,t.blished hei(dquarters in London. Thl?
British supported him and his Government-in-Exile in spite of
the fact that the Cabinct, contained x.embers who had also par-
Liciiated in the dictatorship of Metaxas, and in spite of the
tit they rt aarE cf the continuing resentment in
Gretce atinst everything comected with that regime. 1Lp-
pdrently both the British ,Lnd the Government-in-Exile have now
come to rt:.alize that thuy must purge the Greek Cabinet of
ut1r who1.ere associated with itletxas. The last of these
Sakellariou, was dropped from the Cabinet
last month ;-,nd in his pli,ce Professor Panagiotis Kanellopoulos,
a hero of the Italian and German wars who had just escaped from
Grt-ece, al.ointed as Vice Premier. This appointment is of
particular s4nificance, since Kan4ellopoulos, known as a rising
iib r..1 leader before the war, had been exiled by Metaxas on
AL-coldlt of his viev,s and possible influence.
While the Govi,rnri.ent was in London there was also dis-
nffection among the Greek armed forces being reconstituted in
Egypt and PaleL=tine. The King and his Prime Minister were con-
Declassified and
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pelled to visit Cairo und Jerusalem in order to win bach the
loyalty of these troops. Apparently they have been success-
ful. Prss reports frc:". Egypt and also report:; from London
indicate that the liLLralizing of the Greek Cabinet and the
i.derLal appearance of the King with his forces in the field
have done L:uch to win again a considerable popularity among
Lis people, at least outside Greece. In the United States
,olitical opposition to the King among Greel&-Americans has
also died down in recent weeks, partly for the same reasons.
When the King and his party arrive in Washington on
June 10, there is every indication that they will have a warm
and enthusiastic welcome from the American press. In the
opinion of AL1Ericans who know very little of the internal
troubles of recent years in Greece, the King stands as the
syrilbol of the tremendous sacrifices which the Greek nation
has made in combatting first the Italians and then the Germans
who invaded their country. It may well be that the visit of
the King will serve also to unify various di rgent political
factioas among the Greeks. So far as cac hered now by
following the preliminary account'
P
papers, differences between lib
Greek politics will be largely'.
will be placed on loyalty to t
heroic Greek people.
if dee CAI
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4
In spite of diffurences among themselves, and constant
arguments on Greek political questions which have appeared in
the past months fn the presb, the Greeks of the United States
and the Americans of Grk-ek origin have already demonstrated a
remarkable vigor in their participation in the war effort, as
well as in their efforts to do whatevel can he done for the
relief of suffering in Greece. The presence of the King may
well inspire them to carry on with a new unity their part in
the comon effort of the United Nations.
There may also be a favorable reaction that will make
itself felt in the homeland of Greece. If word can be brought
to the Greek people in the midst of their present suffering
that their government and their King have won the hearty ac-
claim of the American people and have been well received in
the United States, then they will feel a new hope in the know-
ledge that their servitude can .not last forever if the re-
sources of this country are once more pledged to their liber-
ation.
Prime Minister Tsouderos broadcast from Egypt some
weeks ago the promise that at the end of the war the Greek
people should have the privilege of deciding upon their own
form of government, that he and the King and the Government-
in-Exile were merely holding their power in trust until the
sovereign will of the people might be consulted. If the King
I
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- 5
;Ind his Minister should see fit to renew this pledge and to
sii,nify their adherence to the terms of the Atlantic Charter,
political opposition to their government might be very much
rLduct;!d both ht:ve bud at home.
21
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.ia1.19141LIILIIESUAUDIJAPPIAL
,
?Li-4
June 5, 1942
In view of the approaching visit of King Oeorge II of
Greece and his Prime Minister, Mr. Tsouderos, it occurs t.) me
tht a memorandum on the King and on the possible reaction to
his visit amonv. Greeks in the United States may be of interest
to you.
Kini, George II0 the eldest BOU of King ConstantiPe*
succeeded to tue throne of Greece in 1922* but after a revolt
In Lecomber of 1923 .as forced to iaidicate and to leave Greece.
He spent most of his exile in residence in England, and was re-
c.illed to the throne in 195 utter a coup dtetat .1nd a refer-
endum which showed Li huge majority in favor of restoring the
monarchy. It nu., been claimed that the referendum was nrixede
but thre is no doubt that the politicul turmoil in Greece in
30's led may to favor the restoration of a royalist
government.
King George mls never been a powerful monarch. On
Atwust 4, 1936* he allowed the dicta:tors John Methxag, to assume
control of the government and ne issued decrees dissolvlbg Parlia
ment and tuspending constitutional guammtees, There is ovidomm
that his tolerance of th diutiqttOrShip an,C11 US night frog% Cresco
at the time of the Gorman occupat4on have erased him ta less
1164411401.4t1.7*
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whatever popuLirity and affection he may nuve had aniong the
people in Greece. Redortb which have been brought out of Greece
since the occupation show that the people believe their King to
h,ve deserted them in the hour of their supreme trial*
After final flight from Crete in the spring of 1941,
tne King and :1,1s C,Ibinet went first to Egypt, then to South
Africap and finally est,:blished headquarters in London, The
British :..updorted him and his Government-in-Exile in spite of
the fact taLt the Cabinet contained members who had also par-
ticipated in the dictatorship of Metaxas? and in spite of the
f: et that they were aware of the continuing resentment in
Greece 4;ailast everything connected with that regime. Ap-
iNtrently both the British and the Government-in-Exile have now
come to realize that they must purge the Greek ,Cabinet of
teut)r who -.t,re ?ssociated with Metaxus. The last of these
councilors' Admirul Sakellarioup was dropped from the Cabinet
last month and in his place Professor Panaglotis Kanellopoulo*,
a hero of the Italian and German wars who hi--d just escaped from
Greece, was avointed s Vice Premier, This appointment is of
9articu1ar significance, since Kannellopoulos, known 4* a: ?rising
bt fore the war, had been exiled by etaX,ea
:count of his views and possible intluerpaffi.
While the Government was in London themia was- leo dia.*
'Iffection among the Greek armed forces being recOnsti tOtin
Egypt and Palestine. The King and hit Pripte.MInialteP Vet4
.=Nstai=ffeNNop..404 ...,,Ampoompirtonambosea am444,*44.
S-
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4.1
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Declassified and A proved For Release 2013/09/26 : CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
polled to visit Cairo and Jerusalem in order to win badig the
loyalty of these troops. Apparently they have been successful. Press reports from Egypt and also reports from London
indicate that the liberaiizing of the Greek. Cabinet and the
personal appearance of the King with his forces in the field
have done much to win :4:fain a considerable popularity among
his peoples at least outside Greece, In the United State*
political opposition to the King among Greek-Americans has
also died down in recent weeks, partly for the ammo reasons.
When the King and his party arrive in Washington on
June 10, tht!re 16 every indication that they will have a warm
and enthusiastic ivelcome from the American press. In the
opinion of Azericans who 4now very little af the internal
troubles of recent years in Greece, theiKing stands as the
symbol of the tremendous sacrifices wilich the Greek nation
has made in comixitting first the Italians and thenthe Gorman*
who invaded their country. It nay well be that the visit of
the King will serve also to unify various diverttentiOlitical
factions amon z the Greeks? $o far as can be gathecreci arm by,
following the preliminary accounts in tbe Greekfluge naffs
papers, differences between liberalS And vtiye in
(eek politics will be IargelY forgotten *.and the til
will be placed on loyalty to Ule Inc ao symbol. tit*
herolc Greek people,
Pnr Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
In spite of differences among themselves, and constant
arguments on Greek political questions wbtch have appeared in
the pt months in the press the GroWcs of the United States
the Americans or Greek origin have already demonstrated a
remrkable vigor in tneir participation in the war effort, as
well ;!s in their efforts to do wtatevor can be done for the
relief of suffering in Greece. The presence of the King may
well inspire them to carry on with a new unity their part in,
the common effort of the United Nations.
There may also be a favorable reaction that will make
itself felt in the homeland of Greece. If word can be brought
to the Greek people in the midst of their present suffering
triz4t their government and their King have won the hearty ac-
.311iim of the American people and have been well received in
the United Stutes4 then they will feel a new tope in the Icnotw.
ledge thut thelr servitude can not last forever if the re-
sources of this country are once more pledged to their liber.
ation.
Prime Uinister Tsouderos broadcast tram Zgypt
weeks ago the promise that at the end or the war the Orteit
people should have the privilege of deciding upon the OW"
form of government, that he and the King and the Govelmet400
in-Exile were merely holding their power in trust %la
sovereign will or the people mi nt be 400*Ulte4* If
r
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/26: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100400001-9
unimmenimmilimpi
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5
and his Minister should see fit to renew this pledge and to
signify their adherence to the terms of the A tlantic Charter.
political opposition to their government might be very such
reduced both bere and at home*
MIA I
John C. Wiley
tk
411Fsfki.W.
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Um puppet geftemmat solve to situatiaa. Vat se veal eipo Mt
been Wes or sew* MeV Is be taim is that ead. Osoree
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ma eatiolluem astitolle of the people Ms bees okapi"
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and en*, elogarettes, otos. le Patti* priseswors la trash
thstemik Lamp, tespito ottielal three,* eat MS iNlas?
arrests* filie esateelled Nisei as well as the *ma ailitexy
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pressiaig a slather mit saspels. *1 the saw time thart the
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systerious diseppeenase of gm dieram Aft ties the ilatterais
tidigtob kid boa isemassa with the Souetiite lbs ssoud 410.
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at least a alkalise ofunadirstdo. sdisgo
Mow dominants Is Ores*" appear to parolla ttee.
is othdir Ofeaukoosaapiod esustriost isitaseob there Me
boos an Obvious task of oaorliuttors bOW.s Nue WU Oa
wilkitary authorittesto bows.* Is asur 00111Meahat the flkotkpe
est the toriags Otflos roprosestativosio dukill this Ms led to
auk enitasion mai a Isomase of ?popular lattesatieso tolauso
of the frociusst eoustermading of orlon" deol regalatione?
too, the Garsons brought their elms ousoney Orem% speotalli
printed *Wm of no vela, outside the esastryi dotd with them
the troops have *might p praottomUlf &U the stsPlAtoil tko
shops, loads. is *Maw AO a largo paill it the eossiliWe
math auks pawls 'MOM s000dlod simate. ais vats*" Otto
Warily at tho hillohswit rata of aohasge Med pito to tin
warp 50 drasamme uiip swilto 11111111, SiMako kfti.,rtait
sod the fast that Ss the Italian ~id Soottese its the voirk
Of Groom lives bins boos isms& sit II alidellii0014 /40 Nit%
Ma ?maid' os 141Posiblo sitastion SW the 'Mak of tbeelle.
pump". itisasos Idaistor *Mod as am bet Woo Z 2tt sat IOU
as mow other WW1 that he wail attomptiaig 1010
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it would be to the advantage, ot the
skolokly4 sine. the Italimase Ilialit MOW is sit ony tin* sot
applz eontiseationi Pressure IMO put en diroeh Ship elemille
te instruet their esaptalas in all parts at taw literid Othait
to Gerais eentrolt but it seems likety that the 1111104419#
least in *est eases, hoard the lastrustions et the legitimist*
Greek govennent with groater sympathy, and have Plao*/ their
ships in British hands.
Mum the Greek torsos surrendared Se the Gomm in the
north, it was understood in Athena that the step was Salsa =-
piteously to avoid surrender to the Italians, shall the *mai had
defeated. The terms of Os arniStice hosevors sere some
published, OWL the Gormans promptly alloorod the Italians to
occupy the whale soot *oast as tar south as the OW of Oorinth,
including se proviso. of Xpirss and the Imola* Islandii. *We
at the some tine they turned ever to the 111110111i tam WWI 1011
at war with fireiree Om had been, Turkey woo,? been
obliged to tight ask Greosetti olio)* the shell* of Thrace and
eastern Mseedenia as tar as the Muss. $110 45,311014.
violation* of tits Proteeessita, eonstitat? pumpi
the greatest smakaids in an oesepabion siogyeLarliy nsledioit,
and 1314secodusted? ? resemitaiast they have takilk**4 114'
in Ozone and 1,1101041111,??
snas up. tio is now WM 1011041011416,
time previously, bessuso she has tit4 thefosioso Olt
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