OSS - FRENCH REPORT OF ALLEGED BRITISH TERRITORIAL DESIGNS ON ETHIOPIA/RECOMMENDATION FOR AWARDS TO MOROCCAN GROUPS/RIFFIAN CONTRIBUTION TO THE WAR EFFORT/, 1944

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: OSS Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 57
• Document Creation Date: November 3, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 24, 2013
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: March 22, 1945
• Content Type: MISC

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Tot Director, OSS
From Divisional Deputy SI, Africa Division
Subjects Your Query of 20 March re Angola and South Africa
1. Mr. Shepardson has asked me to reply to your
memorandum.
2. The lack of integration of OSS and State
Department activities in Angola has been freely discussed
with the responsible members of the Division of African
Affairs and with Mr, Jack Neal and Mt. Fletcher Warien
from the beginning of OSS representation in Angola in 1942
to date. At present the coordination of these activities
is on as satisfactory a basis as can be expected. Certain
phases of this coordination are not solvable on the lower
echelon and must wait until the overman relations of OSS
and the Department of State have been clarified. Details
of the problems are contained in the report on field condim
tions recently made by our principal representative who
'itisjt returned after two years' servioe in Angola.
3;k_It was decided in aniary by the 81
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on With Mr. 8ou
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1 _General Magruder to withhold 'action inparstuding t'3
American Minister to the Union of South Africa that Cu
representation in the Union be continued until the olter$411'
relations with the Department of State likewise have been
clarified.
4. The operations of the Africa Division'are ver
largely dependent on the overmall relations between OSS and
the Department of State. When time relations are clarified;
this Division will be able to go ahead with a number of
approved SI plans.
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The attached report has already been sent
to the Str.te Department by Dr. Langer on
?-?t'., Tri,'
Saturday or :.rionday for the attention of:
N ,.0 is,4- ?
Mr. Villard, Africa Division i
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OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SER.
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Glinoral Donovan
FROM- William L. Langer
St4JHJECT
am sending you herewith a oopy of a report
prepared by Lt. Col. 1,* Lada-Mooarski. This vt.,
written in reply to a request from this Branch pr:
available information.
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William L. Langer
Chiefs, Research a
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Office of Strategic 340r*
US Army rorees in the Middle
Refer to : 300/1V
SUBJECT: Alloge6 Britiah territorial-designs in Ethio
TO Deputy ..Ntimtegic Services.Officer,
053, Modilerranean Theater.
rt!c
1. In their letter of 22 June 1944, the MA Branch, Washing,-
ton, requested the FILM Branch here to obtain some information on
the alleged British territorial ambitions in Ethipia. The inm
formation below has been oolleoted during my stay in Addis Ababa
from 12 to 20 July 1944.
24 It Is, of course; well nigh impossible to obtain an aum
thoritative expression of opinion from British sources as to-what
their plane or intentions regarding the Ethipian territory may be.
The followinr has been gathered au a result of conversations with
several Amorif)an citizens in Addis Ababa, some of whom occupy resm
ponsible positions in the Ethiopian Government, Several of these
pertione, in Wrn, merely related the utatements made by the
Xthloptan Minietorm or by other sources close to the Palace. No
convormatione on this subject were had with any Ethiopian in
official or privete capacity.
Perhapa tho tot interesting information wae furnished by an
American citizen who had previously apont some time in the British
servtoe in territories adjoining Ethiopia. He had numerous,
ocrasions to atomise informally the nature of Ethiopia with Maw
tr!ct Officers in the 3udant with a British member of the Scionttfie
Advisory MissIon which arrived in Addis Ababa last Spring (this
%Raton is not to he confused wtth the US Techntoal Mission at
pronmnt In Lthiopia); tit' also reported the remarks made by members
of Mho Prttish Legation in Addis Ababa, and those by the ranking
officers of the Sritinh Military Mismion in Ethiopia. His remarks,
thonaptors, 80001 to refloat the composite views of various British,
officsials in that part of the world. These views, however, do not
necessarily reprecorit those of the Rritish Foreign Office, or of
the highest Pritish col(mial officials dealing with the Ethiopian
quontion.
3. The abovewmentioned American stated that the District
Officers in the 3u4an loft no doubt of their desire to see the
/MAKE atretoh of land, lying between the TIBOR And BOO river.,
inctv.porated into the 9adsnose territcryi Major Wooley, of the
5irttish Army, who at one timo was, British Consul at MAII, is one
t e'r
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or ttto exponents of thia plans He returned
Emperor and the British Army of flooupation At,thsi
1041$ tn order to assume his former poet at4A /4Th? 1t
pion novernment ntrenunouly objeoted to bieregiappoititmentt
ard arter conowermbie difficulties, he was plased,it Abe 0:
ot whieh in a dotiblewtown on the Bthiopienl)orderp t
Fmporor inaintinv that Ile should reside in the portion maid
of :Ahtoptaa
4. rhoro to Inolood on oviginal drawing representing the
f-nei or roaourcon of Rthtopta, wItich I was told was prepared in
J14;i0 or 1944, rov 1;h0 vovtood edition of British Military Ina
tollL?mule flandbook for that ootIntrye 1 have not boon able to
oneoptuin whothor thio rovision ham besn publIsheds and if sos
viliethov tri map tn question was inoluded ,n its original form.
P wIll 110 noon tnat it loaves out the Province or 00ADEN rrom
t'ir$ eitirtnon or Nthipias an if indicating that tn the British
o:inn thot reortnoe- now ()coupled by the nrittsh Poreem and not
l'ont,)rod to the Imporor - to not belong to that aountry?
Thri momt umhtticua otatement or nrttish anpirlaions for
I a' I.,art .)t. -tint Arr!on hoord hy this Amerioan from the Pritishs
r,rrliAw vho riv-latton ort "nrofttor smalls", whioh would include
tho H.fLimh Ard itottan Somalilande, Ethiopian Somali
POYAN, thn Morthoms Provtnoon oP Konya, and MAKE (MAJI),
11 torrItorys rourhtl toPmtvw A hiar-M0011 around Ethipias
orrootIvoly murrounu thAt oonntry by Britishmeontrollod
forritury, !nrormnnt cild not tnvilleto rriinch Somaliland into
itr"P,rontor btit. I am not nure whether he considered
thuL Pronnh -tomaltlarld woldd vematn Piahnnh or whether he merely
OmtLtOd uty montion c. r it. Another Amorloan oitizon, a high%)
placed Ethiopian (Imolai enjoying tel.,' conlidenee of troi Mmporors
and him ?111110.orA, holinvon that the BriPoimh have no designs on
French 3om4111and, On the other hands he stated that the tahiOft
pLn ';ovornmont 14) worr /ad by the alleged desire of the Thitish
to rovIno Ow Northern frontier of Mthiopias to exclude certain
torfitortels this in widition to the annexation o;,f, MANN Province.
6, Tho majority ot the British officials in Ethiopia and
ai4Pmundtno torritory, 06 well as the representatives of British
oommorotol hounoo# speAk freely of the "Otistako" which Was MOS
h lM !kr!ttflh rinVernMOnt in restorinm Rthiopia to the Smporor; th.y
voIA,40
tin hottif thol lt ahauld hAvo boon 1ott as onomy terpitory;
00ouplod tly tho Pritish trooln and So Administered pendin ,V10
flomt dlipoottlon Q tho erWpien (1404t1on at the end 4)4! heyware
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7. An. important American in Ad4i# 'Ababa stated that his
dea Inge with tho British officichave convinced him that
they are somewhat puzzled by thelthiopian problem. While thol_
are ir4tated by the attitude taken by the Emperor and hi* Gabi.
net, wham the connider ungrateful to the British, the problOW
of admAnistering that country with the help of or through the_
native officials, is a most difficult one, considering the Oms4
number or Ethiopiftns who can be used for renponsible positions.
The local Pritinh officials would therefore be willing to rid
thomse'ves of thin problem by turning it over to the AmericansR;
or At 13ast by arranging for a joint Anglo-American nupervision.
The tenor of thee? officials' remarks is that Abyssinia is nob
important enoup:h economically or otherwise, for them to battle
apatnst vurtous ()thin if 'Ole Ethiopiann themselves do not care
huvo trio Hritishhell'''. A waif-placed American in the 2thtem
pain Government took issue with this presentation of the British
views. It is hin reeling that the British are very much interested
In rommining In Ethiopia, and that their seeming indifference is
not f?enuino.
O. Whether or not the inbentions ascribed to the British
uny foundation in facto the Ethiopian Oovernment is evidently
rtriiy worrted. It is my belief that their denunciation of
tho proaent Anglo-4thipbian Treaty waa largely motivated by
thel :Indira to do away with the preferential position which Groat
;4ritutn occupies under this Treat lost it will reault in that
cokIntrytu entrenching itself 30 solidly that it will become a
cleariy dominatinp factor, even after the present hostilities
comae,
04 Mr. Vowel the Pritish Minister in Ethiopia, returned to
Addts Abah, rrirm London, on July 19, and he has made it immem
ediat4llly cnown to the Ethiopian Government that ho ls ready to
open the negotiations for the new Treaty.
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General William *ri
Cover Platt in Operaii
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(1) As requested by you dui*ur neetions yesterdars the; 'toll
oit
the /Acta concerning the initiation *44 accomplithassif the:IWO Omer
im the NorthAfrican trWMIt1I operatior, 4asofar ae nr own activities /a :
Cesellanca prior to were conceraii?
(2) Before leaving for eg, poet at Casablanca in &num 19142, with the
State Derartaent cover of vice consul, you intoned ma that I was to use every
mem a atf disposal to lead the Germ= and irichy Trench to believe that the
American invasice of Africa woad. be focussed at Dakar,
(3) Following rql arrival in Casablanca, I lode contact with two men vim
were to .1)rove the k figures in thy) carrying out of this plan
O.) These men, who were known to ft all Lederer and Talikiso were 'both
Austrians ard insererable friends. They were fanatically ,anti-Nei aril had
joined the Foreign Lericm in 1939. Atter the fall of France they were Wm*
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along with many other Legionnaires in the carp at .5i4ivisi3p44,yohi in /french ,
Morocco Th.ftreUy elcaped onti made their way to Oasablapcs where they
made contact with Norman Consul General Auer, the head of the Osman /mantic*
Ocznisziorn. (Thq tvtd previoLtsly known Auer in Pols where he was attached to
the iliomn Zrnbassyj At this point I ?mist add that Atur is it W0314C4OWA perm
vert htt one of these MA 04110 kelt hati101103,34 terdOWIleg ?
(5) Auer tweed to wake .the noceseary ements with the Trench
autharitup fo their freedom, on the cooditioa that they act as stputk
tiro Statoo , ?,,,,
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to sy fel satisfaction that those two Austrisins hul always boon violently
antimaksi sod thst their vreoent contict *Apro formed purely for the expiitt
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(7) 7Orther proof of their loyalty was afore4 me when, sifter sevexs
pro2imii0tr7 meotings, they informed me that they woe! be willing to workf?r
me without receiving any payment for services rendered*
(e) Oixr first steps were to pass on to the Germans several scraps of
information, which, while technically correct, wore of little military value*
Thoee consisted mainly of facts of only local interest which the members iof
the Commission could have easily ascertained for themselves with a, minim=
of effort. For example: (1) Who in our group lived in uch aritsuch & house,
and velftt time did they leave in the A.M. ezd enter in the P.M. (2) The
license no0b0e of the cora belonging to the various vice consuls. (3) OR
what dAys did the diaomatic pouch lean fOr Tangier or Algierei
(9) livaily, when it appeared to Avow and the other mentors of the
Co,,Inteeton that Lederer and Vetikie were able to pry sAy taformation
they iteeired frcm me? 1Uoiited, that the time los rip. 'PIVVtht.,001,'.,,'"1-q
(10) On nrzorous necasione Auer had asked "his" men to endeavor to
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
t
Cu) In the
Washington* I inatrtii:t
AA, IA mthar wordo, to inform the -qeraiwis Ut th, had, leolned
hand tam:Indict fro"' se that the main Allivd.thrust was to be directed a
Dakar., I to3A them to inform no= friezes" that they had no idol of the
()Ate, but that the place wan certain'
(12)*Zederer and Vailikis carried out my iiitructions to the latter and
ti* information ikas dissieminAted. both to the Ger= Nigh Omuta end. to Vichy*
(13) ?roof that our phIlaie of the Cover Plan was successful beyond ell
eapectittione, is the fact that on November Eth. nearly every German submftrine
la the South AtlantI,.. oni, the Western Mediterranean had been diverted to the
coast la :French West Africa"
(1,4) Turther ytgtU7rpof was afforded me personally when, on November 9th
Taferoui alrfield in Oran, Major General Doolittle p3Aced in my custody
tbs SOD Preach Naval kir Force prisoners Whcos we had cotursd the previous da,y?
(15) The onl,y reltark which the Trench Cosneendant chose to Hake when I
presented myself to him wall "Nous You' attendions Dakar."
?
ii441- %lain
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
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Mr* John i, OlOara
ftemutive Offic;!
AwArds in Spanish Morocco
?.;
he approves the recommendations outlined in Lt, Colone1
Schmidt's memorandum of 4 October to yaa on the above sub4
? ??,-
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F. J. Putzell Jr*
Lieutenant 040)1 Me
Apsistnnt Executive Officer
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Actineahieto 0
iica MVJLoi,411:0
Awerds in Sptnish *row
10 Outwit], Donovan requested SI to explore further th*
r000mmondationo for *mixt? to Mormitn ()rout)* so disoussod by
both Colptgin Onrdon Beci-Whe *Rd 001Minig William As Uddy in the
attsohod oorroopondonoe?
20 The roturn oV Mr. Riohard Sownessi our Togior rem
prom4gUtiv9, ha Wiohingtoh for loavo and oonoultttion has pron
leLdtd tho opportunity for further ooneideration of thin subjeots
8* Ma reoommondstione emanating; from these conferences
kro oot forth in tills memortndum of Captain Rabat N. Rode* dated
ootor)or 1044* Tho proposed 'ugh *wards of 020080 trio reduced
to 0i:it' oe poppor and tiptoe* not to +mood $1,000 in va140,
nottl Ceptoia nrowno slid Major on now oonour in thoso r000mmen*
dattono?
41 Th000 r000matondetione are hereby endormod, tnd if
tworovo, it t onggrostod thoy be brought to th* sttontion or
'.ottortod iwnov4n far NW titmigiWis
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
BANCIMIRE
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
344
To: Aot ng Di pea Deputy, Africa Division,
toromg
ubject: Awards in Spanish Morocco
Robert 80 nodes, Otoptain, tJ
ls Major coon, Capt. Gordon Brown and Richard Bownabs,
our Tangier representative, temporarily in WAshineton, And
State Depnrtment Official who known about the resommended
awards, ilavo been sone-lilted.
2. bownuon btutoo that the nfitringe organization
AlWRyM r000lvoel paymont on a monthly baotti in the
nm(mr116 they hnvo ro(monte(1s They seem entirely satiated
wItn the arrunammont. O Lpaymonto Zfl pproximately
:1(Y) amtthly, nd bi)18 uro presented for additional
mttrvico wl auy tipmnial typo of information or mon
booll remderod n000tta)ry by'a special roquests Bowmen
th!:0An th-t A lAtTfl 0001 payment wouad not be understood
crid wou16 spoil thoir futuro usefulnosts4
4 The) "Tvamolo" orranizAtion t* not mod At the
nre1.5enkt, Li tpft. (iontnitinthattono tiro rev:lived irrom them
ft Lttliel LN tuloo Th000 indicate that they Are entirely
f'pliaany b1thou'm now' or thOM have inquired about their
AwurdO? Pio4n014140 it han fured better than
utairirws" t ru in,
40 ,1115, T rOGR4 in the whole of Morocco may hold
thf) 3t,f 1 :14,3rvile Award* At preeent there are two
vanontion, Hives Ohilas, the Diplovatto Agent, already
ochnsbnted to vlserve nne of those tor Bowness, who
Intofida to give it to "IP when It Is adV101014 to do so*
MI (Ahoy 16 boing hold in reserve by thi0Leplomatio Agent.
54 Tho "begone Awards are supposed to be made to
porffiOna who are ban& Tide reprtoontictives of Amorloan
1
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
4164, 4,
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
" 2u.
,
concerns. No one in Washington, including Bownass, knows
of their having been used for other purposee. The award
apparently is disoretionary with the Diplomatic Agent.
Whether it could be made or not would have to be determined
atter Bownass returns to Te.lvier and discusses the matter
with Rives Childs. In any event, everyone agrees that
awsrds at the present time tend to compromise both the
united 3tates end the recipients.
6. Hecommen6ations are:
0. Makm no onnh payments unless we discontinue
une f the 113trinrs" orvanizntion, If this is done
current payments should be tapered off but no large
rh bonixs is ludioated.
b. ootaLn a Sinal Service Award for MT. Do
And mS*mear" Amrds, if practicable, for the two ?Tassels"
lomders. Mose awards should be made only When Tangier
r,sTriosentative reports that the awards would not embarass
thn ;!nitod 3tates or endanger tae recipients or their
rnIntivos.
09 -rem time to time as long as the organizations
Dr, 1,n6ful and we with to preserve their friendship, com-
p4 : v ysmAll gifts or srtioles that are hard to get in
sl,(buld be made. Most acceptable gifts would be
por)por rite spices/ which are Arab culinary nectmities,
1>lt oxtro:-.1oly nifficult to obtain. The gifts, of course,
it :uiptiolmed without any indication of American
7, k=firmIssion le requested to arrange the roomended,
lfts of pepper alui spices, total value not to excepA 1.00Plp. 0
1t rurtber the Signal Service and two "8emmar4Ailar 10t
ov*r tbo political situation seems to make it advisab'
Moto
OW*
04
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
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IRMItter iraigNEE
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
HOLD FOR GRIERAL DO
Memo for the files:
August 14,1944
e Ii'ee 4
On August 14th I allowed
the attached memorandum to Colonel Wm,A.
Eddy just before he left for Saudi Arabia.
Colonel Eddy states that
this memorandum does not, in any way, change
his opinion thLt all official obligations in
connection with the people herein referred
to were properly discharged.
He has no objection to an
endeavor after the war to putting one or more
of these men on the list of "protected Moors"
but thinks that it mi ht be hard to explain
locally unless the Em ssy in Morocco had some
very plausible reason for recommending this
action.
Apparently, since the time
of George Washington, by treaty, the Sultan
of Morocco gives us the right to have some
twenty fiveYoorish citizens under the pro-
tectiln of the United States.
G,Edware Buxton
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
^
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
MAME
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
ithcAt
Stitspilai
cot* am noArd nuxton
Roam 119 Adminiotration 21des
QAptAin Gordon His firowno
R000mmenaation for Awarda to Mbr000ttn 01104p*
1. IA aoourdanoa w th the suggoatiOA of Colonal Buxton
it4n4 mrs oribnors I met Mr. Bownas, 0:38 TANlior repromUtivo,
in (ibrm1t4r, ;hay 2dt.h. 'le had Aeverta lonG oonvorgiOionv to.
4other in *hinh tho rollowin4 information WA4 ObtAin@ds
Mrs flownan io ooine: tho titring (D) Ormintion tor 411
tiogltm lAtelligen00, Thi$ ormitRation wan oontokotod by Major Ooon
and sllysittlr, toed axtentvoly by us, and WIO UMOd f*r intelligen00
1iurl.:.se4 by Wft'Ior Booth, olearin4 through m0., Downam han moillbtrm
of thte orzuntlati,in in koy are in 4anioh Mor0000s They report
to lam on Spantoh Lut:Iii order and troop movamentS, provIdlng routine
inrortaett,t,,n,a8ratplonzp;4nr00tVltati by Colonel Rondoipha Ospg. They
have iAltso bof;tn use,1 ownwl to ponetroto Gorman signalling stfttiO4,
la TeotLtor hmve inttivooptl.d a witall arim dolivurey# 4nd do oploial
inws4 ndy aro it film at a lialual rate Oua travollin4 eKpon000l
,x0,1 los Lhd A,ont in TeWitifi remeiven $00 poedtAe ft month. AP
4.1w9 s! ;triLleji, no bowl:0ms or ply
t$,,rt hetin paLA Lo ?rhilieation by ?Aro Bown4g,
Tfttlit"'d ..iy.an1.!pai,la kati not tieen used by NoWrIAM
.167 t iiOtA ty for inLailleaonoo liNrk? Ho 140 not
0,fltft;.t "L-slo bOtin paid any bonuaeti or Awftrdft by
,;1.o331,11iy uacid ut lealst oila of our proviwu3
with th,n36 f:roup, ror fit/Int:wino reportn.
r,0 to Tqmiilru ror seourIty resoona
to ? r ttiTenteld ttr. Boman I ()over
? I 11 I,rt t
qinoon onution or awards have been
t .0tIblepivititiona ror;titvo rurther oonsiderttiOn*
f;aptain
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
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Memorandum to: General William onov
Colonel Eddy and have spent
considerable time discussing Gordo Browne's
previous recommPndation plus the a tached
statement recently received.
Bill Eddy says th; his mind
is very clear on the whole subjev He talked
twice with Gordon Browne during t? . period
covered by Browne's report and all told him
that he had no authority to, in al way, commit
the American Government to future iayments.
Bill has also checiced with
Carleton Coon who was doing the same work
with the same people and Coon recalls specifically
receiving similar instructions. Coon knows all
the people referred to by Gordon Browne and
agrees with Ool,Eddy that our indebtedness was
fully discharged,
OoliEddy says he sees no ream
for us dx hold any debate with Gordon on the
matter and if this is your opinion 1 will so
inform him.
:
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
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2. That X bad not
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discussion with Colonel
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3* Th4t the nature of the AwarOss ?&s' sadAmerican
protection csignal service and ~ars) are dangerous to
that they would disclose the exiitemoo of our native group
(1) That such awardiVarCunjustified 004,0O0
From the time that original contact was es-
tablished with the two subversive groups, it was understood
by all concerned that the monthly sash payments mate were
pigments in full for services rendered, but that in event the
subversive groups were actually used in combat operations,
additional awards would be moldered, not promised or
guaranteed. After D Day, the organisations were closed
down and payments ceased. Followin4 D Dap ',feral conversaga
tlons with The Fifth Army were carried on in Casablanca be
tween Coon, pyself and Colonel Patsy Owl and Colonel Lambert.
Later conversations were held between the two colonels, myo,
self and Wharton ?tsar, my British opposite numbers On their
instructions, both subversive groups ex well as Wharton Tiger's
Spanish groups and the Fifth Army made a payment of approximately
W000 to revive ths 80 organisations, to extend them and to
mako mirtain of several leaders in vital Ettuft,m, under
German pressure and influence. 4.1.4.xl, O. ? tq .46
4106.
The Tassels organisation receive ts usual #204qp#
per month. The Strings organisation its running expenses
only. On the recommendations of Mr. Williamson and Mr. Walter
Booth, the Strings organisation was largely expanded for inw
telligeneo work that was considered eesential to the Fifth Army,
but again running expenses only were paid. A border Patrol
v*a set up within 48 hours at Mr. Williamson's request. Mr.
strings himself who collected the into from the members
of the brothethoodp and who was the leader 'of the brothorhood,
firmly believe kept little or none of the money so expended,
but passed it on to those actually engaged in intelligence work.
me risked his *hole organisation, the lives of those actually
engaged in intelligence work, and the lives of their families.
no was told by me that I hoped that his work would bo'recognised
thatI would try to secure for his some kind orlqoabove his
expenses, but it vicie expliciteiy stated me?h melting
mak him and nor time; to Drlss, his goo,
+e,
r
?
S11;4.
L'fre?';.
4
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001 Room nnqqnnm_g
Lf-4
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1.
MitigMfairdriiiiM1651a4M
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aguatagittumudjto
that ,t-was or
-2K4iitwe ii? on fell payment of expenses.
Jiro 13trixigs was working for his country, not
for money or other award, but he niittrally hoped that
his WO* and It would be recognised In some fashion.
In regard to the other organization, 'Tassels -
the sane general statement is true, but they remained
Largely operational, and were act used match for intelli-
gence work. The same statement was repeated sereral
times to Tassels that I persona3.1* would do what I coa4
to secure additional recognition for his services; bnt
that there was no promise implied, and that governments
were difficult to deal with.
I consider the awards mentioned in my recommend-
ations to be justified. The cash award is figured to a
minimum; the awarding of signal service certificates and
sumsars after the war, or after a change in the type of
Spanish Government is the more important. In fact, the
matter of American protections is so much the sort im-
portant, that in event of their being issued, cash awards
are relatively unimportant, *accept for Driss (750).
American protection certificates should be on a permanent
basis, however. If they were issued and later withdrawn,
the result would be ruination for those concerned.
(2) That I had not the authoritl
With the departure of Colonel Eddy to Algierik
in January 1943, my British opposite number and I considered
it impossible to operate successfully without authority
being delegated to us. Therefore we wont to Algiers, dis-
cussed the natter with Colonel 04. Re agreed with -us and
secured the attached orders for us, Which are self explanatory.
Be was no loimger keenly interested in liorocco, being concerned
with the larger matter of the itifinite complication or the
Tunsian campaign, and later the impending Sicilian invasi.on,
and so stated both to Wharton Tiger and myself.
It must be reneabereCin connection with the hand-
ling of the ?8O1 aission in Opantsh Morocco, that I was inio.
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"".?
t.?
Declassified
MitiklMISMifiliSSIII
and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-
'.
4gL 1 e 4t..-?riii,,
., ,..
:
RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
t.:>n
formed of the obaokbonos plAm whieh
vision of Spanish 11or0cce137 the fifth Army "
fact that the Germans immirOonsidering the thsst 044
epsnitsh Soma*. Thellpenish attitude also wil0 sat
lag. We alkiievfadi is dit the fifth Amr, that elation
was probable* Wa were in iontinuous touch with rtftli
Arw Readquarters, Col. Nowerit, ? AC or p 041 lierkerld
Oruenther, AC of 1114?3, and on occasions with General
Wkwere intormod Colonel iddy that we were
under the orders or the Fifth Army.
In view of the facts I considered then, that I
had sufficient authority to deal with our subversive
groups. On several trips to Algiers this was never
questioned*
As to the matter of bringing the subjeot of these
awards to the attention of %moral Donovan, I*-Jelieved it
to be the correct thing to do, and it Is only today that I
have been forced to consider that this would not meet the
approval of Colonel My* At the time of my original seam
orandum, I was a Civilian, the hazdling of the Noroccan
groups had been solely in my hands for a consideralile length
of time and I had not seen Colonel row for several months*
It was with a great deal of surprise that I learned of the
Colonel's diepleature with my taking up this question with
General Donovan.
There im no question but that American protection
for the refoommendmd persons at this tine would be extremely
inadvisable, in that it would put than in personal danger,
and expose our hand. This was mentioned in my oonverpation
with General Ommonme at the tins the resommendations were
made, and it is stated in the request, I believe, that nth
action could not be taken until after the war, or until a
cheap in the Opualsh Governments !Masa ;MOONY igeTarao'
sent in control there wouId be no difficulty or danger is
the issuance of *signal service and sumsaris eertifisatas
for the reasons mentioned in mr roosemendations? I 0034erte
there is no elensat of danger involved im thole:meat of 4111
at the present time if properly handled'
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1011
4,
trip -the present situation
time I believe that the a.
both *oral and prectical of the Um mow
timed, wits exoeptioni-OD$10 750), are mei of
mans, as MEM is 001S3dered la Morocco, ?
The sash awards are not of extreme importasee te
them, they represent an appreciation of work welt doneep
American protection =der the ccistingisysten of ostablAtbow
it( *signal service* and *smear* proteges, would be of
the greatest importances and is the usual method of recog
nixing valuable service in Morooeo.
'ram the practical point of view, there is always
the possibilttT that these groups may be useful as long
as the Franco goverment is in power in Spain* In addlit
tion to this consideration, I was requested by 11.1. to
set up a permanent moslemAntelligenee organleatioa in
Spanish and ?rola Morocco. The Strings 'organisation is
tie ''.'fasie. palisible organisation of this nature', having lines
into all levels of Noels' life and government in the Opsnith
The Tassels organisation is also otiraiwio for in-.
telligence work, but to a very math lesser degree and is
vostricted to the tribes a' the Spanish Riff.
The task of kseping these operational groups at the
simmering point, neither too hot or too cold during the
Spring of 3.943 was a delicate one as war the cooling off
period, when operational use was definite_ out and the
groups were in consequence extrenely distppointeds It was
daring this time that I considered it strongly advisable to
meatton the posecbility awards, saying that 1 would
personally do Alt t I could toward this end, but always with
the explicit statment that there was no praise or guarantee
involved.
Att*O ts
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
Utant
rtifieation
Tans
Xn accordance with Ms Operai Instruction' to me,
Allied **orals Headquarters, dated 14th October 1942,
PeragraOh 4(a), X was appointed t,400,0 Staff of OW, to
represent the Joint OSS/SOE 0rga4144on existing in
Worth Africa, Subsequently X was ordered to A.Y.H.Q.
temporary duty here.
2. I have left in charge of the activities and personnel
of the joint Mission in Tangier, Vi04 Consul Gordon :11.
Browne, 0.0.6.0 and Edward Whirton-Tigar, SO.E., who
have been working in close liaison and with the super..
vision of tht staff of the Western Task Force.
To make their res9onsibiIit7 official, in visw of
my indefinits absent). from Tangier, I respectfully requ st
that the western Task Force be advised that Mr. llroriv
'
and Mr, Wharton-Tigar are the accredited acting:h0049 0
the CO. and 0.0.Em Mission for Mpanish and lrenc Orocco.
Thls will *noble them 1,10 work directly under the criers
a the Western Task Force without any quelitiOU of tOleir 014
1,tY to aiscbarge the functions of the Joint VI si
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19 Fibzusry 1943.
8 WISOTt 086/80E Representatives
To : Commanding General, 541Arsty.
le Vice Consul Lelrond L. Rounds is in dharge
Qt OpSotle work in the' province of Oran where he has been
working since June 1941.
2. Via, Consul Gordon H. Browne and Edward
Whart Tigar tire in charge of the joint 0.84. m evOsEe
milled in TABOIEL. Thoy are the aocrldited acting heads
of this mission for MOOCCOt
3. This information is funds/led to you in
crder to establish the identity and responsibility of
the/to afficials, whom you may wish to oonsult in planning.
It is understood that prior to the aotivition of Tifth Army
they wore already working in ?lose liaison with Colonel Lambert
02.31 Woutorn Task Force. You will appreciate that their con"
aection with 008/808 and the existence of their mission should
be disclosed only to the minimum number of officers to whom
this knowledge is essential,
Jopies to: Pi
Co
Pi
th Army (Copy
dy (Co es
e Copy 4
Lowell W. Rooksi
Brisadlor Gonortai (103.C.1
Assiotant Chief of Staff, Qm3.
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'ffir? ppr..1,t4 Lint' AMRFABEEHE
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
` 11 r. 1 1,t,04; r;hi ? Atit ) 1 - - ? I -
7'f;',-, 4',.. .-HI,V' . -r. ' ' ,
t- 1 r,fl
'0*.! 4 - . 4 -It ir% ?We 1.* ? '1 ' _ ' ' i
40 -..-, - L :..-?
_ - ,r,?,,? :. , -I 7 . i , . tAir4" 4 ' .
' ..? 11,c,44-1.14 -^`
I D711. raVd to atta0h a oonmmnt
leworol Donovan from (l) rdoriAlrow4401?rIaS
of t- r 03S ti I Arriok'in WI AOrfil1ring 142 el
1C4f1,1 SO ' am very WiVol the circum4,,t,,,o141150
ihm very fixemllont $?ON organizatlon bvilt
!Aoc-Irs 1 pniall Moroceo wee3 th. ;ork L.:.-41,41otion Coon
actmet a 3 ra tan t
1. 'ho 1".;til:/# 11.1,(;nnf,':ticin Vir o1:rnt1(.41 "111.akbonen, af,J Set
rtjcth " !3or?1.111/441d., to ? Orn.,:.ark (narlct
(Inclosed ; n t, ?
Stoo. ; 'ants
Litt,J1,1 0 it, I ,o
no th ri . .)
t
.044rt
- the, 1
f
.fl :Hut-tor:1 ?vere paid
oblgations ,to
muts wero PrO16160d in
11:,1 fo- on si(io or 0107., A -ls 1c42,
V10,, 'Jo to.,1(' no fortltor oblIP:PtIon
c)ut the, 4.'1-111-n110p far act 0.11.?
! 11126 T-et ,fionri: 12 V saHrOrie riCit
vt W11,: r,101,1011,1g1LA1
,1,011(1 : to 1'I 11I 1.hoir
on, low' to 1-*01r 1,,,rsc,!utiwL hy th0-
!,phy L'?fl -1'?'. L. 111
*.fint'sS 110 0111.1r10, ( 01111 be
tad to tirup ritttnr oilce Fort for olio
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?
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I. ? ? ? .
Declassified and Ap ? roved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
?
Of?
In.' the apt . ig of 3.
Browne and C4r114613-
5psnieb 26ne, under-':the$
acte, as Naval ittlitchlt
Seet;s1 Assistant to thI,
Gusus, a native i.pf -R'es
friend and bueine53 aqUitl
to Coon. His aid has ?bOerr an
.of Vita
yes
US,*
We organised( our subversiVe grou;iti as part odt 'our
the "'Torch" operat ton , 80 thatvit Siisiin should *44
we would be prepared to take action in ,Spanish morocco*, -0y 1,141.?-,
have maintaibed these organisations. they map be necessary gooier
day*
?
We aro in contact with two griiniriitsl' ?The group.,- which is
siFt,plyn Abdelkrims old army revived, ar4 .21) organised under his dwri ststt
officers, exi,d a potential religeous';,,b-tOtherhood wlaich we calk T4
under the euterainty of their tampoiiii and spiritualhead, wh we call:
R.SPIINIS or the BIG DEE.. The Tassels group is responsible for
Central Ritfian tribes, perticularly the Beni Urriaghol, 1.111.4ev'VisDeti
take cam of the Gbomara canfetteration and a number of eigt:.!,'7o;=1
Between the two we cover the pri-ncitpalcentres of nittive-
-t. 14'
1., ..-
? . 31,,1
Ilt.. 1
- .. [5.,
t.-,,? .,',-,
ts ,
, 4t.
the '-'pantsb, Zone from which guerikla fig'hters can be111104,,.
,,..
.: ,c...- , ?.:?.
, ,
,,-_--,,. ' -1---:.---ti
,
Subversive rips of Europeans, including Gibral. ariieja tt-''0, riti :Jr
, , I
Reda, have been prgenised by our British colleague, Mr* Edwai*itip,- ',-;':,,i_11.)
Tiger, who will discuss his work personal/4 with General dVaik*. Relatiot
s .
fi betweenutal us and Mr. Wharton.Tigar have always been most cordial alati7: ._
we /ark together in ,iortnlete eooperstion?
kkaill.....2ASLW Riffien straw group, to operate wider Coon* according t0.,,,
the f'ollowing plans: I/ At 1 , ' s
1.
rpuall (arranwed before D-dny)
earatroops to land sr Imezoren (EinZoren) airport.,. to meet end, gam
Za00 Riffian waiting for them under Mohammed ben Azuz, Abd. el Krizte
vizir.
T'iv.,ops to land by sPs at Bu Stour* To be met by 2000 Rift tone
un4er Shaib ben Aisne el Akhal and Sheikh Mohammed bu lelmat?
Trop e to be landed by seaji at el Harsh, to be met by 1000 men
unda2. Tossels himsej f (tohamirel Bu Draa, nicknamed, ,Ohiela) ? Coon to be
with the landing party.
(arranged after D Day).
...nee the Spaniards pl tee& 3
zorinn shortly after D, plan 1 1100
ere to 11211Let Temssint 1114.0
Tams-salt by Ramie ben Avy,m, I6iiiiit
lets End Rifflans would ipt:rootted. to,
210 norm men would join them4i Thee
bAforo.
: .
tab?
tie
In both: II at- t
? '; ?
?????
ling0.500 men, at'IeI
ollovtiOthe paratroops
mrztren and to be: .p0,4=
with arid'
1**Wen, Where Oh#the!k ben tAdz wil
sea o0erstions' iffo. 1: Alameleiw,
r
-4.
Vt,o,
ommittf), **-1 to to
littkout
-
f?
t VIVA'
0/
?1?.41.
. P10 a.nit -1-71e'cl;S;'iiied and Approved For Release 2013/09/24 : CIA-RDP13X00001R0001030003-5
k
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
?
of Rif flan ,soldie
month k 20 given by the 8pen tars.: r five lee, et
more ac,.00rding to rank, and be mete offIders.
DejaaltualjeuLlautaggii: SimultlianecusIy with our a
arttris can out tHrielittirritOlitil;prriertt power ?.14, km", if cf,k_ rov
they can perform demolit:ion teOta which .:111, required tf1W0-
tbz +Ate and materials to tratn'tfietri. T s1b.Otge iiinita have to
be
re t fto m the Gzenntlya', u*Ing Gzenrilly t4Onnel?
siz. n/04, : Tw 0 s gnel a have be en arrangetE14 8wamtflg eignal and, an
777i-rin:r on al signal. At the warning signal Tassels arid Azuz teethe
Rif f /I oin their homes in Tetuan; at the ?pellet i tins 1 a igpalthe7 get
tbeir men to the appointed places.
Warning signal:: any of the .,1ro llowing
(e/ a messenger from Tangier gives Tassels a special handshak
(17 Th cB GPrnans enter Spain.
(c) T --P rir,. an Lopirati on in Term' it=5 r is 80 iZeri
40.
a otag0
r - of vivo whitP flares dropped over Ndir and the
loinpr Netor vIslley by night; during the next day preparations are made
andthe operation begins the following night, so that Americans and
:lane Meet at Irnezoren at dawn. pdA,I#A. itecr
These signals can be ..atered as desired, providing we can get
Tassels in from Tetuan to Tanftier in time to tell him.
IsILIL.ta: Oh otna re n ana Jebally group, :Ander Browne-,?
, ,, ?
Fl r
4'11 Browne, with GO t) men and Gzennaya Riffigns, takes out the
TE7i1:lirrt guns rcvering the bridge at Agadir el 'Crush; then an Amerioan
olif!rossee the bridge and proceecla to Sheshawen ? At Sheshowen Mai
Will meet the Big D end 500 men; the c;olunin then spltte,, one
3 eel nti proceeding toward, Tetuan, another, With the Big :D, ;KOMI eaat-
tfarei along the mein road throtigb the GhoittailltiiVarea, carrying army.
ri.vi second colvon, to raise ten and aila them.
Ufl from Assidar el It-rialkii;
,
'
Liattr. D is to go in .with the
orniatt the sr** uPlan #2.?
FLAZ
es r9R411 bo
crot0 Zb
nirgrktrig,
?T
'at tton to a. cc
operati on, If 'Otted?
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r?p
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?itg *z
-, , Ve???';`A
44' '1:44.494'
; 1
;
?
;
Zone
Big b1t
Vasha of tUr the '--S.#16e;
b1111 Signal
climb parten since all funds
hts 'kettle*
,.:????4?1 ? ;;
1.1 oblect
4 4
t
4-..;
12,stat. ?: This g tout:etu 1?? f:
at the proper moment
The D group is now being u,sed,-extativeivel,
gerallrbil e Spanish Zone, and is the Source of almost
information proceeding from the Spanish Zone.
ilvatuat.: It would be preferable to exclude the rronch froi* any over
at im Ithich employed either T!?stele'men or D men.
I ;4
_
4W.L.Euatansk: Mohammed ben Me rkane Krim'sfor3ar Foreign
o g been living in Mazagan since -1926 but who,,:t0it:Il.ves in -Sett
'Is reported byarel table Moslem souvie in Fez to hat,VragOine:i recently
bat, where he offered his services as a Riffilarf! le-adet -;t:f47 Atm '
A rli:r He was told, our Informant *tate', to wait 'a rviiile that the
t?.T.0 was not yet ripe lizerltane 10 unpopular in the Rif; our five
lc,e.lers will not cooperate with hirot nor, in their opinions would t
rt ans follow him. Vie suggest tbst he be left out of any plans- in
grea,
? r.,
!4 ? ; :
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
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14 A
.110 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
4 idt i Ig
tii loi ' 1 ? '
ft_ '?
, ?
i 6 ? di 'A s t .71 :; dna
f i 5,,.., ; - , i
:, 4:1 '`i4,..
4
;.: .4 :l
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:?;:4
4 * ;5.!
L.2
To:
rem:
r
n?
? e
-
NO
?enema Donovan
Gordon Browne
,
J ?
The Sherif of the rolWous brotherhood of the Derkawi,
better known to us under the code namesof Mr. D ani Mr. Strings'
is the loader of ants of our two subversive groups in Spanish
Morocco* Em ma name is ? Throudh Browne and Co6iir_''
and their rieht haad man, Randolph Gsasus, he put at the dinposal.
of the Americana his entire brotherhood, for armed resistance
or am other service we might require. As most of the western
part of the Spanish zone owed him allegiance as both spiritual
and temporal leader, this represented between fifteen and twenty
thou.:land hard-boiled fighting men, willing to die in following
his orders* Thin potential force was counted upon to disrUpV'
the western Spanish zone during the TORCH operation, if the,
Sportarlis or Germans moved against us from the zone*
-
XML' A ltat of tribes and leaders that were under:hts or4ori'4
brot4wrhood was strong in other tribes that wOul4'hOeir0
24:
him, but without the same absolute degree of.eertairit14.
Atter the American landings, thlu group Was 00untwl
heavily by the Fifth Army n their BOO plan. Arise(
,
foolmnna carrying arms were to ?nt.
splitting: rip,At and left elons. jcx-
./112011,A!"
'
2
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1
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sm re to ova* in to the rod
was to go tn with the oolumns or meet it at-
his mon. Signsis by plane even arrerged* The plan
months was all set to opitrate,
tar Backbone wes abalAdoned, the Fifth Amy still ?wanted
Irteavily In the D-group in event the Germane moved into 3priev.cr
the Spanish none. Similar plans were setqwup*
On Sul i5 it was considered b7 the :PIM Army that the
Spanieh German threat was over, and the D-group was put ov los
Thr operational purposes* But it was undoretood and arranged that
it could be picked up again if neoessary* The Dmigroup supplied
us in November with Spanish grenades, at our request*
Pron November 190 an, this Group was asked to give U3
assistant? in Intel 1ignce work. For many months all the Moslem
report*, with ocoasional exceptions, on the Spanish sone, both
militaxy and political, 04M. from this Group* Their holy men:,
penetrated ftronv in which no movement was allowed* Their Cats
and Sheikhs roported In to the Sherif* The7 ymt out a border
patrol at our vequest. The7 prov44ed our gukrde in Tangier* 1%
Ub mmah information on Spenith troop and materiel movements
molomant In this xma was reported to us through the Sherif'
his Int* lIfteruts work was expanded by Walter Booth. sa4
=ler his instructions.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
MEREEINVIMINIMI
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
While th1* Group was not used aa: 'en operationaX fere
counted upon the and they wore ready. They performld eXt
well as an intelligence group. They endangered their live
that of their families in performing this work, for the Spanii
wou1d have exoeuted any member caught working for us. The
bno:.herhood endangered its existenoe an an order in pu ting them-
selveo at our service.
T recommend most strongly thAt the Sherif receive a "Signal
Servtoo" and a minimum of $10,000 in pesetas or gold. The par'
mant to be made senretly now, if possible, through Randolph Gusto.
Tho signal Service, after the war, or at any appropriate time.
ignal nervioo" is a form of protootion issued in Moilocco
b this American government through the State Department, Ita,
o igina go far bnak to our old relations with the Sultanate im*
is recognized in bhe Treaty of Algeciras. It has been issU04
for tho saving of life, for servines of unusual value, and in
or (lane, for the presentation of land or buildinsa for
or Legation purposes.
The money gift is m geaturs =lye tor ad of pa A &mot
bo matte for distribution to the eUbeid.ary loaders.
girt to The Sherif or the Brotherhood in r000mAtion
4otrif ea, it would be moot approliiiiato?
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
4
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
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The vtrth Army will support tMs rioquost, if *an talk
o thou
Photo and oporatIonal plan attoAohod*
?matn1 apolling of nem.:
V* Sherif Darkawl Sidi Ahmod Bensadik of Tangier
It is also rocommondad by Gordon Browne that Drise Ben Hall
Mohammed Mezzour, of Tangier, be granteti $750. This man wastIlt
dO-between of the Sherif ank! Brown (and Coon), risking hie 1ii
daily to aluk contact. ho also de:Livered two donkey loads Of
hid.1er :Jpanibh iiireundec;t uu before the ituutingt which were
.11oLrAlted tu U%46 mon tnvough French North Africa. He pan, and
proLably BULL uu exeat risks for us. Payment to be
fuld4) throu4 , )Iph GUsuat American Litigation.
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
10110111111
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
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Suggested Memorandum to th4 Oat. Department
Tho Offic. oil Strategic Berviees in the performance of
it? opecial work in Moroecop recognize? that the conridontial
services or Sherif ** Tangier, wore of great tin-
portant,* to the Amorioan war effort,
This Office ta very dosiroun of rewarding the Sheriff
in an appropriate mannorp and requestm that a Signal Bervioe
protoction be imaued to him ut the Q1040 or the war, or it a
favorable opportunity ohou1d urine in our relations with Spiting
at cin 'owner data. Thia ponognition of Ow Bitarifin important,
oontribution im endormed by former Vtne nonsul Browne (nonii
ctaroar) and former Speoila Ammtetant to tho Legmtionp Como
Browne *tattle that the nfth Arm $ will import thia request,
(ermoincallyi Lt* nenoral Clark, ?Brig* Gonaral Oruenthor, Oolonil
Howard) hut that they are acquainted with the Sheriff? mervicee
only under A pieudonyft*
It le *tweeted that Signal Serviee be prekented to Om
ShoPoir *tor his invaluable advice to tmorioin goviOniint repromontal
attvom itoneerntng M00100 Affairs both in Mp
She MaelLost world
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/09/24: CIA-RDP13X00001R000100330003-5
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