OSS - MEMORANDA REGARDING LOUIS ADAMIC, AUTHOR, AND HIS ASSESSMENT OF THE SITUATION IN YUGOSLAVIA/AMERICAN COMMISSION FOR THE PROTECTION AND SALVAGE OF ARTISTIC AND HISTORIC MONUMENTS IN EUROPE/PRJECT AMPERE, 1944

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: OSS Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP13X00001R000100130001-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 198
• Document Creation Date: November 3, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 17, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: January 12, 1943
• Content Type: MISC

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Louis Adrami*
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- July I44
Pursuant to General Donavants suggestion Louis Adsmio VOA contaattld
is New Tot* endows tr. to see as today. tgave him an outline of what ho
night expect to be called on to do in PWB and he meat away quite enthusiastic.
Ho iseld he would let ut know in *tweak or so whetler he would be ullling to
cos, with um.
Mimic has strong ideas about his usefulness to the Yup;osLsv cauae.
H. mays he wants to help "sell" the Unite( States to the lugoslavs and to assist
in recruiting the warring factions in that country. I fear that he would feel
cramped by being in PWB. We could however attach him to Gol. Holdahl's party.
cc. Br,g," Gen. William J. moven 4'
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COPY FOR COLONEL DONOVAN
jamtary 12 1943
itesanataLS2L1112_49.1ifaltoaarl.
Jt t? J
30^43.A.1r. Liwy
have received a message from Lauls Adamio
that he desires to see ne on Friday ncxt prior to aa
appointment with the Secretary of ntate 9 at which 1
assume he is to present e Slovenian delegationo 1
have sent word to Mro AdamIc that I shall be, glad
to see him at two o'clock on that day.
Mr. Adamic has given no tmlicctIc.n respsct-
ing the particulPr purpose of the interview,
Damfk
Colonel Donovan
DeWitt C. Poole
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A note on Louis Adamic is transmitted in response
to your inquiry of December 31.
This is the substance: As a Sloverian immigrant
boy Adamic has made his wk.4 from the bottocl, mostly by
a
successful writing, to literary l :Irv'. now some :mli*icall
prominence. His "Two Way PassaEe" ilea wr)n attention
in high quarters and Adamic iF liFtenel to, in
regard to the Yugoslav sttlation; but his political oer-
ception is no better than moderate.
In his political philosophy Adamie is 't tr
but not excessively so. He admires what ;as bef-n ir)n- in
Soviet Russia but is almost certainly not Coruaunis1-..
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passionately devote(' to America and tp Arr2r3crIn idea,
remains at bottom a peasant and an individualist.
He is an intense ln his work anri
his way of life and coull never rit irto Rn organization.
DeWl.tt C. Poole
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iNEMELIAL
Loulm Adamio nn "immlgrhni,
in thm morn muni montiyod wily, 40
AccordInA to
h 1 t ow r 1 Elf^ rah tvtme- hi. I
In 1899 In i3lowinIon (thttn AuntrIho.
LubiIhroi Mivynt,r-d t.e) 111,.
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" e ; ,'!1,4"itc
Wn:". n:Itim111-Atlei rIve vtthr? Ihttiv; !wry(
Amy Onrinr World Wflr 1.
1111 1Imt or pnialloNt's 1,, ill,
1 fitoci bonk?? The, f 1 , WW1 Mild I": )1t
"Lauf:him: In thtt Jimr, let" ,t put, I 1.0 co iii
It refioctft orltiohl
ArtiP r li`' !In 1 1 re, h f: I I t? 1' ?:(1 fly f,t-r 1 otiot-i I
A I A fl.
lit Lt tt I r it id lo wide 11 orhry rt-dnt,t4 ,..! I MI '.111(
WIlich h p pet! rod In l'
(inc. It enflohncy to Hot, I I ./..? ? I t. '
mellr-elteem, hnd mu(11 (!)nrI11.1110(1 In
linfriondly c!rlilo9 !Wel& somo 4 j I e a
ro-N I ti 11?!.1-$1. h 1. I!kJ
imporiance in hoermilt or nI9 recopilon t'
'
King Aloxandor.
During LIJ. twit folw Joihmle tt lov(0,f,pi
wIth mounLing Intormity to Ve 'fifth o,xn1e!33efi
f
" y
P411,1ftgo", Pilb110fid in L67. The ooin SUM IS t.hht t m
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European seed planted in toerica by migration can now,
a return movement of men and ideas, yield frilit for %he
salvation of Europe4
The book led to Adamic being invited to dine
White House with Winston Churchill. The President had read
the book and asked Churchill to read it also. The mall-Ami!s
say that the President had in mind some ant1-rIt13h prles
and the emphasis given to America rather than ,ritaIn be-
coming the solace aad guide of the Continent. ,A.damic
naturally, and probably correctly, attribtef1 -11] to
the inherent worth of his idea. Subsequenily e lkecl
and written a little over-Inch perhaps about 1,is lin,rr
the two great leaders, but certainly Lt was un expf.rle,
that a peasant boy in Slovenia cou3d hardly .L.N7f!
forward to when he set out for thir country tlArt:jr
-
Adamic males a pleasant personal impressi'm.
neat and quiet manrered. The drive oC his own
deep down, it is plain, affect him strongly, comes ti
tte
surface with a fairly even pressure. He is very nitvlsIble.
These ideas -- it is really the single big idea of
"Two Way Passage" -- have recently carried Adamic into the
field of international politics. Thcligh certainly a flist
rate journalist, he does not appear to be more than ,]erately
Intelligent politically. Soundly enough, he regrets that
Michailovich became Minister of War Jai the Yugoslav Government.
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in-Exile and wishes he would resign ard 30 ber!omA rAn 1.1nnamr-$1
leader in the field. Yet he has joimd rather promilr.',1y
A
the recent questioning about Michailovich and this ?rv-Ls -zdP!
it very difficult for Michailovich to gitldraw as lqr.11 er -4"
War without confession of error. I. more astute politician
might have extolled Michailovich and then urvl te;.t '
r Ca be
allowed to regain the fullest posFible freedom r% er.t4-
Eetween 1914 and 1928 Ademicl an occs1onal1-7
immigrant, worked at all kinds of jobi from co-vr.or. ??? ? ? r
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He knows the seamy aspect of American life be".t4-r- 41-,ar
of us. Politically he is "to th==. left" b-it
so, as ilearly as can be determined. :Mauch h= 1:3 rs. ? ? g.,
witness to the crude exrberance of thP Amricln hs
devotion to America and to the ::mr=rican drle-
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is more passionate than that of t,e ordinar-
has expressed interest aryl frequent admiration fcr 4:1? ex-
periment in Russia, but that 'Ile is a Corimunist or
feThIcw-
traveler seems most unlikely. At bottom he qc--ms tr k'Dr
sYll
a peasant and an individualist.
When it comes to work Adamic's indilidualisr- is
extreme. He has always worked for and by himself.
r.1.3 3";
ardent admirers agree that 11P could never fit in1;) an orf,;ani-
zation, unless it might be simply as an advisr-r. In some 5.-:ch
independent status he has been ccnnected during recent years
with the Common Council for American Unity in New
Yo, wh1b
carries on an Americanization progran aiofl e foreign-
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Last week Adamic had an extended intrrview with
one of the higher officers of the Department cif LAatn. le
presented his views on the Yugoslav sitqation 1
language press.
ported that they were received with much apparont
A copy of the notes which he used in making hie; ,restal,i(xl
is attached. These notes were receive(1 dlrPctly frr.)71
January 41 1943
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STAMM BY LOUIS ADAMIC
The Yugoslav peoples are involved in a fearful and complieaW
polititial prows, which I think is integral with their amazing
resistance against the Axis in the lasb eighteen months,
There have been in America many official and nunmaffloial *7?
pressions of admiration of that resistance* Of late, howevert tkcc
have been also expressions cf impatience, annoyance and cynicism in
reference to the politictal developments in Yugoalavia,
nothing new but are only now being revealed. I think 1;1,1.,I d',10
to tht lack of understanding of what is going on In Yugoslavia,
of the reasons behind Ati and ALope the impatient, cynicl
in not shared by those 1.n charge of preparations for tno irvFislon
or the Balkans*
It is my deep e.sonviction thnt nny miliLary plans in r:erf-nce t,
YUgoslavia will have to go hand in hand with a succeii.-it-Iti fIt'ort to
deal with the political problem in that country. P,A.If?rwise, tho
military plans will risk the possibility, even ch o probability,
the American invasion army will not Le welcomed as an agenc' of
liberation by large eleNonts of tAe Yugoslav poc*los vJnich (ITO
developing effectiv armd forces untior the title of the IALerntion
Front or the Partisans*
Military plans which loll not include ton:lUve
resolution of the current p(litical tang e in Yugoslavia will riak
the possibility. if not the probability, of American forces sip*
countering there a widea?flung and powerfully motivated resistance
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waximalew . ?
against those And that would be a deep and dreadful tragedy* All
rime of it must be eitansted before the invasion
The eivil war in Yugoilavia ls a manifestation of the lack of
common postwar aims and purposes and p1an2 on the part of the three
1sading United Nations which are interested in Furope co- Britain'
Bassi* and the United States* The tragedy in Yugoolavia Is the
moot graphic and territring demonstration of the basic diffIcatios
between Britain and America (but especially Britfti) on t'lla one
hand and the Soviet Union an the other* To me t I i is Cl d1stressin8
fact. Fore on the basin of my intimate feeling about .flugoislavitit
believe that my native country could be made -- throlIgh acgresisive,
purposefUl statemanahip on the part of the United ::,tatea into an
ideological bridge between the U*S*Seft* and the westo
Several times In the last three months I urged officiul in New
York and Washington that the United States take the initiative in
the direction of overhauling the YtIgoslav Government-11).-1.Y.11e and
sending to Yugoslavia a commission of American iar anA 3ritish
military officers who would take command of resistance in Yugoslaviat
and thus turn Yugoslavia Into a vivid demonstration of tho positive
and unifying, rather than negative and antugonistic, tendencies among
the leading United Nations*
Depending on how ono looks at it the civil war ir Yiltoslavia
can be called revolution and counterwravolution or the begiming of
the Third World War. Tho Soviet is behind the Partiaans; Britain
is b!hind Mikhallovitch wft not only, It seems, in the sens4 that it
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In the mile that it is against the Partiaans4
If the tendoneleS and forms qabldh now meet in the arra Iltuao.
tion in YUgoslavis are allowed to develop, Is there not a -1,1a1 dangfrk
of a Third World War? If sots are we to join in it? On 10.101 side?
1111 it not possibly become a global civil war? ? 0 0
ask th*so
questions not expecting answers to theme IAA to eiL;JiLtalze that X
have in mind* More questiope: What is Russia's paposl iA getting
behind or developing the Partisan forces and apparacua? ,los she
mean to force Britain and America to permit h&17. an t ual 7oice in
postwar planning? T hope it is only that; and if it 139 I favor mnt
she get such a voice*
have called the current political process in iugoe.aviA
complicated* But that is true only of the superficial ;sce*3 of it.
They are truly bewildering even to the educated Americrssl rAilde
Basically, however, the it tion has a simple pattern*
Two opposing motives are at large in Yugoslavia? Oae Is out to
destroy what unity and promise of the future the cierbiane ematian
and Slovenian peoples at.ained in the two decades between the First
and the &mond World ar4 and the other wants to preserve that unit
in spite of everything that has happened, and build the future upon
it.
The first motive gets its dynamic from Hitler and his gauleiters
and
q41ings1 from the native chauvinists in Croatia eiod rArbise
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th0 toner eligne in the Iflgoslav Government nwElittle (Yoval
anghtelito 00,111eViteh and Trifunoviteh), from the oamarillat of
adventurer* and ambitious young armr officers around the yo43g 1
end from some men in the YUgoislav diplomatic corpse
The second motive gets its dynamic from the most aetiva ;,TA
politically healthiest elements of the Yugoslav peoplee f14t)fl maws
of their looters in the country's and from several nember:. Ix the
Government?uini-Exils (Kosanovioh, (1rol, Rudisavljevich, et,) sznd th4i
Banua of Croatia, Dr. Ivan Subasich, who is an exile In Uev!
This does not mean that everybody in the firct fE7ro4p L pure
villain, nor that there are no objectionable people r.11. sac awry
motives In the second. I am talking uf the basic pattern ldcal wLic!1
the situation in Yugoslavia has developed. And I bight say thflt the
Partisans and Russia are with the second motive, vnilc poor
Mikhallovitch ha a been made to neve over toward th(. chnuvinieitss
toward quisling Neditehil
I might say, tool, that the first group, is, without exception,
totalitarian, mntralist and anti-federaIist, while the majority im
the SOCond favors strongly federalism as the central pi nciples
around which Yugoslavia, the Balkans and eastern Europe miwt re-
organise after the war,
I have re:won to MIUMA thst the Government of the United Staten
is deeply dissatisfied with the Yugoslav Government?einftExaell but lt
continues to recognise 14 as the legal, the legitimate government of
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10014Vil MIA X rea$00,4* that by Its tfatlitiot it is deeply
inhibited arm &Am anything toward r000nmtituting that goverment
bi ordor to make it oapatle of formulating a poXioy which vo414 be
acceptable mo at leest tentatively so wo to the seoand wtive no
operating in Itgoolaviat which might bring an end to the civil war*
is at least dimly aware of the complexity of traditionm aadorlying
this inhibition of the American Government 0.0 but we are living in a
which is less tied to tradition, lopainm or legitiwacy
it is moving toward revolution*
/ am tollohing hero on many things which woad .iako 110111-1 ttn -ttA r!!
and entire books, to fully oxploro* that I want to atrtmv ront in
the limited time we have in this: The Liborktion rrunt in YitgoelfAvll
vhich includes or has tho pport of 3orv. MGSSOU of Yugooltiv peopili
18 going to be ant104merionn if till) Vn4tod Vtr!tuli Goviommont c,untinulls
to offer Yugoslavia the reactionary government of King ectlr II
now constituted and ilia now controlled by thv irresponslac 5130 d wn
right indecent military clique around thAl yolult tPho
I wish to say, toot thAt the United fitaLett it Lot thu.ir it
military plans in Forareneo to Yugomlavia vt,en ih oaleitAIE, er chin
Government prohibit anr mention of nalkan wiltn or fedovotAtAl by
shortwwave brohdoanters. The prohibition uppcurt root on the
ground that the Government of the tVited .;tato2 hili not yul; deolded
Whether a talkan ederation, inaltading the YtagoaRv Iunciev hagarta9
sod Poseibly other eoun.tittl or Some other mnit;.4 howied by the
4 11044 be ths beat answer to th* Bak= problot la llne wilh
s of the Manna Charter*
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iallikaraigai,v444n ; ,
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Xor 10 ths gauss Of an Anglo*mAmerlotn invasion of the itglitans
helped by th* IMAM Broadcasting Company, controlled by official
MOW oonlerso when it permits the innvr clique of the ngos am?
Governmentednodhile to lute Its faollittos to brotVemet t)Yui
outfight "Greater Barbie" propaganda. Daily Mt firitiO1 reldi Its
urging Yugoelavs to joir the army a MlichmilovitO$ Xlme Pftorob
minister of wart although It chouid be wel) imown in Le ii 'hrt t,Let
oulk of the 'Wesley peoples are antiwnithallovite tetnurf Lt
the cabinets vitlose dominant mombarn hPvIts no Vinnhip to ,1i14 of
future that "'wild interest the people.
Mosso*
Is obvitmoly plad* derronstrntively 4040 ror tho PrtiNari
against Mikhallovitoh, and also against the) inner 01(1110 or %ho
GovernmentftlaseUxlle, It le ARLIA1 npainst thn !.11c iymaty,
It be reeognited Slovenia's or Yugoslitvid's right to J-ic!'.4).It
strongly supports a Yugoslav endior a Onihmi rodorntio:?
British purposes in the BA3Ninns whatever thoy ray bee hut fol,
revolve m1'a1Zm5 ane seamtnely depend upon fittinnoldtch :aLt;
Opirernmentimina?Exiles boLh rfigarded by the, PartintAnc tal0 by oriLlitt
as oaptives or the nrittah and not irlcorrectlye
So far mw so far i t ICar; 900 tho Un1tu0 ctw.cis
maintained a negative attitude!, weitinr, lotting thingn :avor-
Wu, legitimaya If continued In tote' I think Vim polloy 1111 turn
Ott to be a dangerous ore.
The bat of till, YUgoalev peoples nye pro.ftansaign (not oft
41rijwIAA.444420.
nor definitely "Intl Commnist). Contrary to tho irpattent
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9 May 1945
Dr. Jerome Hunsacker
N*tional Advisory Committee for Aeronautes
1500 New Hampshire Avenue, N. W.
Washington, D. C.
INose-Amm,
am wondering if you know a Col. Fdwin T.
Aldria, who sevms te have bc.2en one of tho early fiLe-:-4
In the Amy. Fe Is currcIntly Chief of thiJ 0:)tr_t,Jr;:.
Aldr Munch, Pngineoring Trict 5Lcni
W3S aide to General Willifon Mitchell In th Fr r:.nt
in 1923.
He might be aVaii hi
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a tmformation you can give m will ix
a7preeiated
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"VNITED. STATES.?Flit!EET.
EsAsousarseso Tax Commix= CHIN?
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Colonel Huntington.
Projects FE 13 and FE-? 15.
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Our whole undertaking is -based
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res ? that we avoid- all dliplicate- or. "
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Chinese have sci far indicated .nb.. ne0 for assia jince, in SI ;i their ...SA,
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appears :to be in fine shape-. and 'has- beiken effect4:ve ?all:
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netwdrk proposed in FE 15. would be . unnecessary, objectionable-to
Chinese, and very possibly dangerou0 tti- 3ecurit
we need, should be integTated.with the Chinese
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?. 5. So far, our actflivit4e3.in SI
material assistance. apd to;_iofferine eaericS
Gregon This wad wel.omed and we
-:.-;illiams o become a prinaffiti.T. adviser_ to Chine
seventeen years of ONI MI* behind
s well by aRpriciating %hat. infoniat*in we Cali
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asstuse Ctiinese SI is both good and- recrp
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