STAFF STUDY ON PRINTING AND PHOTOGRAPHY DIVISIONS SUPPORT TO THE AGENCY VIDEODISC PRODUCTION REQUIREMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 91
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 31, 2013
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: May 6, 1983
• Content Type: REPORT

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LiUNtrP NI/A1
Staff Study
on
Printing and Photography Divisions
Support to the
Agency Videodisc
Production Requirement
6 May 1983
25X1
25
X1
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CONFIDENTi''!
I. Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine the potential
use of video/optical disk storage within the Central
Intelligence Agency and the production support (if any)
required by the Office of Logistics Printing and Photography
Division (OL/P&PD)
II. Statement of the Problem
Determine the utilization within the Agency of
video/optical disk and the effect of this utilization (if
any) on OL/P&PD's production support.
III. Facts Bearing on the Problem
A. OL/P&PD's current micrographics production support
will decline if the Agency turns to heavy
utilization of video/optical disk for information
storage and retrieval.
B. Video/optical disk storage is a relatively new
technology with undetermined advantages and
disadvantages.
C. In some areas of information storage and retrieval
micrographics continues to show cost benefit
advantages over video/optical disk.
D. It is unknown at this time what medium will be used
for the creation and/or duplication of
video/optical disks.
E. There are obvious storage capacity advantages of
video/optical disk storage when compared to
micrographics or magnetic mediums.
F. In-house video/optical disk production is very
costly for low-medium volume data bases with small
distribution requirements.
IV. Discussion
A. Over the years, OL/P&PD has-been the Agency's
central facility, for the production and duplication of
source document and computer output microfilming. Some
industry information experts have predicted the demise of
micrographics as an information storage and retrieval
medium. They have further predicted that video/optical disk
willreplace micrographics as a storage medium in the near
future. In order to determine if, in fact, video/optical
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CONHDENT
disk would replace micrographics and if it did, what, if
any, impact that would have on P&PD this study was
undertaken. Before much of the data gathered during this
study is discussed however, a clarification of terms is in
order. The following definitions of videodisc and optical
disk are currently accepted by industry experts:
1. Videodisc - Used primarily for entertainment,
teaching, and publishing. Recorded in an analog
signal. Usually used for recording existing
photographs, movies, slides, video tape, etc.
2. Optical disk - Used primarily for the recording
of textual documents and digital data.
Recording is done in a digital mode. Optical
disks are used for document/information storage
and retrieval.
For a more detailed description of video and optical disk
systems, see Attachment A of this report.
B. Although both the video and optical disk systems
compete somewhat with micrographics, it's the optical disk
system that is currently of concern to the industry. The
traditional micrographics marketplace has been information
storage and retrieval. The optical disk, with its potential
for large data storage capacity, low per page cost, and
instant availability is a threat to this marketplace.
Optical disk is not only a threat to micrographics however,
it is also a threat (and probably a more serious threat) to
magnetic disk and magnetic tape.
C. It is difficult to do an analysis of the optical
disk technology/market because there are new announcements
in the field almost daily. In the past year, 3M/Toshiba
demonstrated an optical disk system at the National
Micrographics Association (NMA) in St. Louis, Mo., RCA has
demonstrated a prototype juke box optical disk system
capable of storing and retrieving 150 disks, Storage
Technology Corporation (STC) has announced an optical disk
system that will be commercially available in late 1983,
Panasonic now has a commercially available Direct Read After
Write (DRAW) videodisc system (see Attachment A); Library of
Congress has completed a one year test bed and has awarded a
contract to Sony Corporation for an optical disk system and
a major announcement on optical disk recording is expected
from Eastman Kodak within the next month.
D. Internally, the Agency has two major optical disk
projects underway. The Office of Development and Enginering
(OD&E) has a multimillion dollar contract with RCA to
develop an optical disk system for the storage and retrieval
of satellite imagery information. OD&E is also working with
the Office of Central Reference (OCR) on the development of
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. CON F DEN TIA
a program called BIOSTAR, which will be used for the storage
and retrieval of biographic information on world
personalities (see Attachment B). Additionally, the Office
of Information Servcies (OIS) and the Office of Data
Processing (ODP) is studying the fesibility of using optical
disk as an information storage and retrieval medium.
E. The primary attraction to optical disk is its
storage capacity. There are different figures given out by
different vendors on the storage capacity of a given disk.
One reason for the different numbers on optical disk storage
capacity is the amount of bits necessary to store data at
various resolution levels. As resolution requirements
increase more, bits of information are needed to store the
document. Most experts agree however, that a single optical
disk will store approximately 4,000 megabytes of
information. To put that in proper perspective, an optical
disk has the storage capacity of thirteen 300 megabyte
magnetic disk drives. Optical disk storage capacity already
surpasses magnetic tapes, disks, and microfilm. The storage
capacity gap between these mediums will become even greater
as the optical disk technology advances. (See Attachment C,
for storage capacity data.)
F. Other criteria that should be used when comparing
optical disk systems to storage mediums such as-
micrographics are cost, size, and access time requirements.
Most organizations developing or augmenting information
storage and retrieval systems have to take into
consideration the value of "instant" access to data over a
given period of time and the cost of storing that data
online. As the first chart in Attachment D shows, the value
or number of accesses/requests for a given piece of data
diminishes as the age of that data increases. Attachment D
also shows some typical current and projected costs and
access times for different size data bases using differnt
storage and retrieval mediums. It appears, from most of the
data collected, that micrographics is very cost competitive
for data bases up to 1.5 million pages.
Access/retrievability with computer assisted retrieval
micrographics is comparable to that of optical disk systems.
G. The optical disk storage technology is relatively
new and is having its growing pains/problems. There are
high bit error rates with the current technology. This
problem is overcome by having the computer verify data as it
is recorded and then re-record the data if errors are
detected, and automatically change the data's address in the
system. While this action insures that the correct data is
captured, it takes additional disk space to store both the
originally recorded and re-recorded data which impacts on
the overall storage capacity of usable data on a disk.
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CONFIDENTIA1
H. There is, and has been, an archival problem with
optical disk. The usable life of currently manufactured
disks is estimated to be somewhere between 4 months and ten
years. With new recording mediums being developed and
existing recording mediums being improved, industry experts
predict that the archival problem will be resolved.
I. Replication of optical disks is a problem and, with
the exception of large data bases with massive distribution
requirements, is cost prohibitive. No one has addressed the
high resolution replication issue. Replication time for one
disk currently takes 21-41 minutes. In order to be
commercially cost effective, a large optical disk file would
have to have a replication requirement in excess of 4000
copies.
J. Another area yet to be addressed by industry experts
is the updatable/erasable disk. Currently, on magnetic
disks you can delete and replace files/data. On a
micrographics file, you simply destroy an entire microfiche
(420 pages) or microfilm reel (2000 pages) and replace it
with a new updated microfilm at a very low cost. Optical
disk, in its current configuration with over 50,000 pages
per disk, would be very difficult and expensive to update
and/or replace. In order to cut down file management costs,
erasable/updatable disks are a must.
K. Recording and playback systems for optical disks are
currently very costly. Optical disk data is recorded
directly from a computer data base or scanned, digitized,
and transmitted from a source document scanner. A single
recording and/or playback station can cost in excess of
$100,000.00. Replication equipment can run in excess of
$1,000,000.00.
L. Attachment E ?contains excerpts and conclusions of
various studies undertaken over the past two years on the
optical disk/micrographics subject. These studies are
almost unanimous in there conclusions. They all indicate
that in the near term (5 years) there will be no serious
impact on micrographics from optical disk. In recently
completed studies by the Yankee Group (a Boston based high
technology market research and consulting firm) and Frost
and Sullivan Incorporated, indications are that it is not
until 1990 that optical disk will pose any real threat to
micrographics. Even then, the optical disk penetration into
the micrographics market would be less than 15 percent. The
Yankee Group Study also summarized requirements for an
imaging system as follows:
?\1
IJENTICAI
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CONFIDENTIAL
(1) Ten year retention capability
(2) Ability to do annual purges
(3) Less than one million images, frequently accessed
during the first year.
(4) A cost of less than one cent per image.
There were three additional conditions which must be met in
order for document-based optical disk systems to attain
parity with current micrographic products. These conditions
are as follows:
(1) Comparable image quality
(2) Easy and low-cost duplication capability
(3) Long life generally on the order of twenty years
(proven) -
M. Some of the studies indicate that optical disk
systems are only viable for large mass memory systems. They
go on to indicate that micrographics and optical disk
systems tend to complement one another. Both can be
computer controlled and both have the capability of
electronic image delivery.
N. There are only a few known ongoing optical disk
applications in operation at the present time. These
include the Library of Congress application for storing and
printing catalog cards, a U.S. Army testbed for storage and
retrieval of technical manuals, and an Information Handling
Service system which interestingly enough, scans hard copy
documents, digitizes them, records the data on magnetic
disk, converts the magnetic data to optical disk, then
converts the optical disk data to 16mm cartridge microfilm
for mass distribution. With the expection of the two
previously mentioned efforts, there are no other internal
Agency efforts for converting data bases to optical disk.
Those two application are specialized and are not currently
supported by micrographics. All the applications listed
above are relatively large data bases.
V. Conclusions
A. Based on the information uncovered during this study,
and on the results of studies undertaken by micrographics
information and technology experts, the following conclusions
have been reached as to the projected impact of video/optical
disk systems on the Agency's information storage and
retrieval needs and OL/P&PD's micrographics production
support:
(1) Over the next 3-5 years, there will be an increase
in Agency usage of videodisc for training and/or
presentation of intelligence information. This
action will have no impact on micrographics support.
AFINNTIM
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CONFIDENTIAL
(2) Development will continue on the two previously
mentioned Agency optical disk applications, and will
probably result in the implementation of viable
systems. There will be no micrographics impact.
(3) DDA/OIS, DDA/ODP, and DDS&T/OD&E efforts on optical
disk will probably continue and may result in other
applications in the next 3-5 years. Some of these
applications may somewhat impact OL/P&PD
micrographics production support.
(4) Technology breakthroughs will continue in the
optical disk industry and costs per image stored
will decline. It will however, be some time before
optical disk system costs will compare with
? micrographics on small to medium volume data bases.
(5) Developements/improvements will continue on computer
assisted retrieval (CAR) micrographics data bases.
(6) Over the forseeable future, optical disk will
probably have a greater impact on the magnetic
storage medium industry than on micrographics.
(7) There are only two areas of optical disk production
support that may possibly become a P&PD
responbility. The first area would be scanning and
digitizing existing hard copy documents. The second
area would be disk replication. The implications
and possible impact of this support are unknown at
this time.
(8) Both the P&PD source document and COM micrographics
support functions will be viable entities for the
next 5-7 years.
VI. Recommendation
P&PD sould continue to monitor progress with the optical
disk technology through technical journals and attendance to
seminars and conventions. When it becomes practical, P&PD
should be in a position to provide the Agency with optical
disk production support for scanning/digitizing existing
documents for disk creation and disk replication services.
P&PD should also be ready to adjust current production
support when it is impacted by the implementation of new
optical disk systems. In order to be ready to respond to
potential Agency requirements, P&PD personnel should
participate, whenever possible, with Agency groups
addressing video/optical disk applications.
CONHDENTiAl-
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Video Disc
and
Optical Disk
Descriptions
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Attachment A
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VIDEO DISC
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VIDEO DISC FAMILY
Video Disc
Capacity Electronic
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Software, PCM
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Typical
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? Selectable Audio
? 525 Lines - 30 Frames/Sec.,
NTSC Video Format
? Retail Cost $2,500 to $4,000
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Panasonic
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T21Th
QF - ,__, ,_...., _ Color Still Video Recorder
The Panasonic TQ-2020F provides a space saving and time
saving alternative to conventional picture filing methods
such as microfilm. Color picture recording can be made from
any standard (NTSC) video signal source such as a video
tape recorder, video camera, or video tuner. Both manual and
automatic (computer controlled) recording is possible.
Recording is in "real time" with no processing required.
Picture storage capacity is enormous?up to 15,000 still
video frames on a single 8-inch disc. Access time is also
astounding?it takes only about half a second to find any
picture on the disc. Operation is very easy: Direct address
selection keys let you pinpoint any desired frame or you can
"manually" cue the pickup in and out. Address and error
indications are shown on an easy-to-read 5-digit display.
A rear panel terminal port (RS232C) is provided for interfacing
with computers and accessory equipment to permit
automatic operation, on-line control, and other versatile
applications.
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Recording
After connecting a video input to the rear panel terminal,
load a disc, turn on the power, and use the control keys
(ten key) to select the address of the track that you want to
record on. Touch the start key and the address will be
shown on the display. Up to this point, the unit is in the
playback mode. Touch the manual key to switch to the
record standby mode. This completes preparation.
To begin recording, press the rec key. You can monitor the
recorded picture by keeping the key depressed. When you
release the rec key, the address number advances one
digit. To record at the next address, simply press the rec
key again. Using an input control pulse, automatic
recording can be performed at a rate of better than one
frame per second.
Playback
Playback procedure is like preparation for recording. You
put on a disc, turn on the power, and use the control keys
to select the desired track address. While the disc is
getting up to rated speed of 1,800rpm, the monitor will
show a test signal. When the desired track is reached, the
picture will be displayed on the TV monitor. If the selected
track has no recording, gray pattern will appear on the
monitor TV screen. To see the pictures on nearby tracks,
use the FWD and BWD keys. Addresses begin from the
innermost track. If a problem occurs (during recording or
playback), the appropriate error code will appear on the
display.
Connection specifications of RS232C connector
OCE (host side) DTE (unit side)
Government
? Identification
? Signature collation
? Face collation
? Finger-print collation
? Document collation
Industrial
? Real estate guides
? Travel guides
? Product catalogs
? Employee training
? Office automation
? Personnel records
? Store guides
? Leisure guides
? Building construction
? Graphic arts
? Information map
? Design example
? Sightseeing information
? Journalism
? Document storage
Educational
? Interactive
? Self-instruction
? Library picture files
? Language teaching
? Student records
? Meteorological record storage
Medical
? Medical training
? Diagnostic reference
? X-ray image
? Radioisotope image
? Computer tomography
? Echocardiography
? Acoustic image
? Microscope photograph
SYNC SELECT
VIDEO
EXT INT
VIDEO VIDEO
IN OUT
SYNC
IN
RS232C
SPARE AUTO
REC
Note: ? 0 and 0 are short circuited.
Inside the unit.
Terminals except above
are open.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
TQL1F
Color Still Video Recorder with
Motion Playback
The Panasonic TO-2022F has all the features of the TO-2020F
plus the capability for motion playback through an external
time base corrector. Although frames are recorded individ-
ually as still pictures (as with the TO-2020F) they can be
played back sequentially at a rate of 30 frames per second to
produce a normal moving video picture. This capability is
useful for scanning discs at high speed. It also lends itself to
animation study and other applications that require motion
playback of still frame recordings. Motion playback of an
entire 15,000-frame disc is completed in 8 minutes.
Features
? Fast 0.5sec. access time.
? Real time recording without processing.
? Compact size.
? Rugged, dependable construction.
? Interfacing capability with computers and other equipment
with RS232C port.
? Convenient direct access keys.
? Complete compatibility with TO-2020F.
? Easy-to-read 5-digit frame display.
TQ- _FB
High Resolution B/W Still Video
Recorder
Highly suited to document filing applications, the TC)-2021FB
has very high picture resolution of 450 TV lines. Up to 10,000
black-and-white still pictures can be stored on a single 8'
disc. Using a high resolution B/W video camera for recording
and a high resolution monitor for playback, you can expect
extremely fine reproduction of detail. As with other
Panasonic Optical Memory Disc Recorders, you enjoy the
convenience of real time recording and split-second access
time.
Features
? High resolution of 450 TV lines.
? Ideal for document storage.
? RS232C terminal port for computer interfacing.
? Convenient control keys for direct access.
? Large digital display.
? Space saving compact dimensions.
? Rugged, reliable construction.
Panasonic
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
Panasonic Industrial Co
Division of Matsushita E
One Panasonic Way. Sec,
Panasonic Hawaii,
91-238 Kauhi St.. Ewa Be,
96808-0774 [phone]
-? Panasonic Canada
Division of Matsushita El
5770 Ambler Drive, Missis
Panasonic Sales Compan
Ave 65 de Infanteria, Km
Carolina. Puerto Rico 006
? Projection Television
? Data Projectors
? Data Monitors
? Television Monitors
? Video Equipment
? Audio Equipment
Equipment Cases For:
? Computers
? Video
? Audio
? Photography
? Rack Mounting
to change without notice Printed in Japan
D&A: 111
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
OPTICAL DISK
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
COMPUTER DATA DISC
Computer Data
Direct Read After
Write (DRAW) Digital
Argon Write
Laser
: ? ?
High Transfer Rate
Data Storage
?
Erasable/
Updatable
41141111?111?=011
Diode Write
Laser
Magnetic Tape/
Disk Replacement
Graphics/Document
Storage
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
O
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM
OPTICAL DATA DISK SYSTEM
FROM JTRACK
CONTROLS SERVO
FOCUS SENSOR
AND SERVO OPTICS
RECORD
SIGNAL
PROCESSING
OPTICAL DATA DISK
olMOTOR
SERVO
\ TACHOMETER
I'
TRACK MIRROR
OPTICS
INPUT
PLAYBACK
SIGNAL
PROCESSING
?
TO
TRACK
SERVO
OUTPUT
CONTROLS:
MODE, SPEED, ETC.
MODE
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
C Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
0
OPTICAL DATA DISK DIMENSIONS
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
PROPOSED RCA OPTICAL DATA DISK
DATA FORMAT
Start Index
User Data:
File, Address and
Test Area
Per Track 8.8 X 106 Data Bits
Per Disk 4.4 X 1010 Data Bits
50,000 Data Tracks
16 Blocks Per Track
128 Periods Per Block
512 Bits Per Period
8 Bits
8 Bits
432 Bits
64 Bits
Sync
Flag
Data
Error
Recovery
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
DATA CAPTURE & STORAGE
? INSURANCE RECORDER
? ARCHIVING
? RECORD-KEEPING
IMAGE EXPLOITATION
? TACTICAL/STRATEGIC
? EARTH RESOURCES
? METEOROLOGICAL
? MEDICAL
? GEO-PHYSICAL
TEXT & GRAPHICS
? SOCIAL SECURITY FILES
? CORPORATE FILES
? FINGER PRINT
? LAND FILE RECORDS
? GOVERNMENT LIBRARIES
? MAPS
? DRAWINGS
SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING
? INTERACTIVE TERMINALS
? HEURISTIC MODELING
? IMAGE SIMULATION
? LARGE ALGORITHMS
TRANSMITTING
SOURCE
IMAGE
DATA
RECEIVING
STATION
DATA
STORAGE
IMAGE
DATA
PROCESSOR
.4-40.1110.
PROCESSING
IMAGE
ARCHIVAL
STORAGE
SCANNER
OR WORD
PROCESSOR
IMAGE
EXPLOITATION
(MULTI USERS)
MASS
STORAGE
LARGE
CENTRAL
PROCESSOR
PRINTER
PROGRAM &
DATA MASS
STORAGE
FIGURE 1. PRINCIPAL AREAS OF INTEREST.
7
MULTIPLE
TERMINALS
nprdaccified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
INPUT/OUTPUT
PROCESSING
?
MASS
STORAGE
? HARD COPY
? COMPRESSION
?
DIRECTORIES
SCANNING, PRINTING ? VECTORS
? DISK
? DRAWINGS ? RUN LENGTH 1D, 2D
? FILE
? PHOTOGRAPHS
? TRANSFORM, DPCM ?
QUEUES
? COM, DIAZO
? DATA BASE MANAGEMENT
? FICHE
? FORMATTING
? TEXT
? DIGITAL
? COMMS
? TAPE
? OPTICAL DISK
FIGURE 10. GENERALIZED DOCUMENT STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM.
JUKE BOX #
10 GB
1 GB
FILE 100 MB
DIRECTORY
SIZE
(32 B
PER
ENTRY)
10 MB
1 MB
2 .143 'Jim 4 t 5-f
I FILE SIZE
I SMALL (100KB)
I I
I
MEDIUM (1MB)
LARGE (10MB)
I VERY
LARGE (100MB)
LARGE
IMAGE (300MB)
3 4 5 6 7 8
MASS MEMORY SIZE
(TERA BYTES)
FIGURE 11. TYPICAL FILE DIRECTORY SIZES.
12
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/31 : CIA-RDP12-00036R000100200002-7
O 0
Typical
Read-Write
Optical
Data Disk
Specifications
prc
? Removable Single Platter
? Storage Capacity =
1010 Bits - 1250 Million Bytes
? Direct Read After Write (DRAW)
? Write Once, Read Often
? Data Rates = >8 Megabit/Seconds
? Corrected Error Rates: