PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVE/NSC-42, CIVIL AND FURTHER NATIONAL SPACE POLICY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP10M02313R000704000011-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 22, 2012
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: November 17, 1978
• Content Type: MEMO

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Deputy ` I the DCI
for ResourcL Management
STAT
STAT
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Next 1 Page(s) In Document Denied
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The Director of Central Intelligence
WashiVon.D.020505
17 NOV 1978
MEMORANDUM FOR: The National Foreign Intelligence Board
SUBJECT: Presidential Directive/NSC-42, Civil and Further
National Space Policy
REFERENCE: PD/NSC-42, dated 10 October 1978
1. The reference (Attachment 1) is forwarded for your information
and action as appropriate and as further defined below.. Follow-up
actions of interest to the Intelligence Community are summarized in
Attachment 2.
2. The DNRO, in coordination with the DDS&T, D/DCI/CT, and
D/DCI/RM, is requested to take the lead on DCI support to the Integrated
Remote Sensing System Study.
3. The D/DCI/RM, in coordination with the DDS&T, DNRO, and
D/DCI/CT, is requested to continue his lead on DCI support to the FY 80
OMB budget cross-cut reviews on weather programs and shuttle operations,
and take the lead on DCI support to the shuttle improvement study.
4. The D/DCI/CT is requested to take the lead on the study of the
declassification of photoreconnaissance imagery. Guidance for this
activity is as follows:
-- The D/DCI/CT shall forward the names of candidates for
study chairman to me. He should select senior and experienced
individuals from within the Intelligence Community.
-- The study will be performed under the cognizance of COMIREX.
5. The DNRO, in coordination with the DDS&T, D/DCI/RM, and
D/DCI/CT, is requested to take the lead on DCI studies of shuttle
survivability.
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SUBJECT: PD/NSC-42, Dated 10 October 1978
6. PRB members are requested to coordinate their implementation
plan on technology sharing with D/DCI/RM.
7. The D/DCI/RM will continue to serve as my focal point for SPRC
activities. Point of contact on the Resource Management Staff is Dr.
secure.
Attachments:
1. PD/NSC-42
2. PD/NSC-42 Follow-up Actions
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-, THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
SECRET - GDS October 10, 1978
Presidential Directive/NSC-42
The
Secretary
of
State
The
Secretary
of
Defense
The
Secretary
of
the Interior
The
Secretary
of
Agriculture
The
Secretary
of
Commerce
The
Secretary
of
Energy
The
Director,
Office of Management and Budget
The
Assistant
to the President for Domestic
Affairs and Policy
The Administrator, Agency for International
Development
The Director, Arms Control and Disarmament
Agency
The Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
The Director of Central Intelligence
The Administrator, National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
The Director, Office of Science and Technology
Policy
The Director, National Science Foundation
SUBJECT : Civil and Further National Space Policy (U)
This directive establishes national policies based on Presiden-
tial review of space policy issues submitted by the Policy
Review Committee (Space). The President has approved civil.. and
further national space policies which shall guide the conduct of
United States space programs and activities discussed below.
These policies are consistent with and augment decisions reached
in PD/NSC-37--National Space Policy. (C)
ADMINISTRATION CIVIL SPACE POLICY. The United States' over-
arching civil space policy will be composed of three basic
components. (U)
First: Space activities will be pursued because they can be
uniquely. or more efficiently accomplished in space. Our space
policy will become more evolutionary rather than centering
around a single, massive engineering feat. Pluralistic objec-
tives and needs of our society will set the course for future
space efforts. (U) .
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Second: our space policy will reflect a balanced strategy -of
applications, science, and technology development containing
essential key elements that will:
-- Emphasize applications that will bring important benefits
to our understanding of earth resources, climate, weather,
pollution, and agriculture. (U)
-- Emphasize space science and exploration in a manner that
permits the nation to retain the vitality of its space
t-term flexibility to
h
or
technology base, yet provides s
impose fiscal constraints when conditions warrant. (U)
Take advantage of the flexibility of the Space Shuttle to,
(U)
cades
d
.
e
reduce operating costs over the next two
Increase benefits by increasing efficiency ttthhrnughobetter
integration and technology transfer
programs and through more joint projects. (U)
Assure US scientific and technological leadership for the
security and welfare of the nation and to continue R&D
necessary to provide the basis for later programmatic
decisions. (U)
Provide for the private sector to take an increasing responsi-
bility in remote sensing and other applications. (U)
Demonstrate advanced technological capabilities in open and
imaginative ways having benefit for developing as well as
developed countries. (U)
programs. (U)
-- Confirm our support for the continued development of a
legal regime for space ghat will assure its safe and peaca-
ful use for the benefit of all mankind. (U)
Third: It is neither feasible nor necessary at this time to
commit the US to a high-challenge, highly-visible space engineer-
ing initiative comparable to Apollo. As the resources and
manpower requirements for Shuttle development phase down, we
will have the flexibility to give greater attention to new space
applications=and exploration, continue programs at present
levels, or contract them. An adequate Federal budget commitment
will be made to meet the objectives. outlined above. (U)
-- Foster space cooperation with nations by conducting joint
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APPLICATIONS. The President has approved the following:
SPACE
Government Role in Remote Sensing
1. Land Programs. Experimentation and demonstrations will
continue with LANDSAT as a developmental program.
Operational uses of data from the experimental system
will continue to be made by public and private users
prepared to do so. Strategies for the future of our 7
civil remote sensing efforts are to be addressed in the
FY 1980 budget review. This review should examine
approaches to permit flexibility to best meet the
appropriate technology mix, organizational arrangements,
and potential to involve the private sector. (U)
2. Integrated Remote Sensing System. NASA will chair an
interagency task force to examine options for integrating
current and future potential systems into an integrated
national system. This' review will cover technical, pro-
grammatic, private sector, and institutional arrangements.
Emphasis will be placed on user requirements; as such,
agency participation will include Commerce, Agriculture, 4
Interior, Energy, State, appropriate Executive Office
participation, as well as Defense, the DCI, and others as
appropriate. This task force will submit recommendations
to the Policy Review Committee (Space) by August 1, 1979,
for forwarding to the President prior to. the FY 1981 budget
review. (U)
3. Weather Programs. In the FY 1980 budget review, OMB--in
cooperation with Defense, the DCI, NASA, and NOAA--will
conduct a cross-cut review of meteorological satellite
programs to determine the potential for future budgetary
savings and program efficiency.. Based on this cross-cut,
the Policy Review Committee (Space) will assess the feasi-
bility and policy implications of program consolidation by
April 1, 1979. (U)
4. Ocean Programs. Any proposed FY 1980 new start for initial
development of a National Oceanic Satellite System (NOSS)
will be reviewed based on a ZBB priority ranking. The
Policy Review Committee (Space) will assess the policy
implications of combining civil and military programs as
part of this process. (U)
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7: Private Sector involvement. Under the joint chairmanship
of Commerce and NASA, along with other appropriate agencies,
a plan of action will be prepared by February 1, 1979, on
how to encourage private investment and direct participa-
tion in the establishment and operations of civil remote
sensing systems. NASA and Commerce jointly will be the
contacts for the private sector on this matter and will
analyze proposals received before submitting to the Policy
Review Committee (Space) for consideration and action. (U)
Declassification of Photoreconnaissance Imagery. A selective
and phased public release of photoreconnaissance imagery or
information warrants careful assessment before acceptance or
rejection. An interagency task force with appropriate user LW`00
agency participation chaired by the DCI will submit an options'
paper to the Policy Review Committee (Space) by February 15,
1979. (S)
Communications Satellite R&D. NASA will undertake carefully
selected communications technology R&D. The emphasis will be to
provide better frequency and orbit utilization approaches.
Specific projects selected will compete with other activities in
the budget process. (U)
Communications Satellite Services. Commerce's National Tele-
communications and Information Administration (NTIA) will formu-
late policy to assist in market aggregation, technology transfer,
and possible development of domestic and international public
satellite services. This policy direction is intended to stimu-
late the aggregation of the public service market and for
advanced research and development of technology for low-cost
services. Under NTIA this effort will include: (a) an identi-
fied 4-year core budget for Commerce to establish a management
structure--competitive against other budgetary priorities in
Commerce--to purchase bulk services for domestic and inter-
national use; (b) support for advanced R&D on technologies to
serve users with low-volume traffic requirements subject to its
competitiveness against other applications expenditures; and
(c) AID and Interior coordination with NTIA in translating
domestic experience in emerging public service programs into
potential programs for lesser-developed countries and remote
territories (U)
Long-term Economic Activity. It is too early to make a commit-
ment torte development of a satellite solar power station or
space manufacturing facility. There are very useful inter-
mediate steps that would allow the development and testing of
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key technologies and experience in space industrial operations
without committing to full-scale projects. We will pursue an
evolutionary program to stress science and basic technology--
integrated with a complementary ground program--and will con-
tinue to evaluate.the relative costs and benefits of proposed
space activities compared to earth-based activities. (U)
SPACE SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION GOALS
Priorities at any given time will depend upon the promise of the
science, the availability of particular technology, and the
budget situation in support of the following Presidentially-
approved goals:
-- We will maintain US leadership.in space science and planetary
exploration and progress. (U)
-- The US will continue a vigorous program of planetary explora-
tion to understand the origin and evolution of the solar
system. Our goal is to continue the reconnaissance of the
outer planets and to conduct more detailed exploration of
Saturn, its moons, and its rings; to continue comparative
studies of the neighboring planets, Venus and Mars; and to
conduct reconnaissance of comets and asteroids. (U)
-- To utilize the space telescope and free-flying satellites
to usher in a new era of astronomy, as we explore inter-
stellar molecules, quasars, pulsars, and black holes to
expand our understanding of the universe and to complete
the first all sky survey across the electromagnetic
spectrum. (U)
-- To develop a better understanding of the sun and its inter-
action with the terrestrial environment. Space probes will
journey towards the sun. Earth orbiting satellites will
measure the variation in solar output and determine the
resultant response of the earth's atmosphere. (U)
-- To use the Space Shuttle and Spacelab, in cooperation with
the Western Europeans, to conduct basic research that
complements earth-based life science investigations and
human physiology research. (U)
-- Our policy in international space cooperation should
include three primary elements: (1) support the best
science available regardless of national origin, but expand
our international planning and coordinating effort; (2) seek
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supplemental foreign support only for selected experiments-
spacecraft which have been chosen on the basis of sound
scientific criteria; and (3) avoid lowering cooperative
activities below the threshold where our science and inter-
national cooperative efforts would suffer. (U)
STEPS TO INCREASE BENEFITS FOR RESOURCES EXPENDED. The President
has approved the following:
Strategy to Utilize the Shuttle
1. The strategy for providing some backup expendable launch
vehicles (ELV's) is prudent. The exact requirements for
ELV procurement will be reviewed in the FY 1980 budget
review as will the five Defense and intelligence systems
proposed for accelerated transition. The key determinant
is the readiness of the Shuttle. (S)
2. As we move toward Shuttle, we will review national policy
on separate organizational control to determine whether
potential cost savings are possible. Separate Defense and
NASA Shuttle support facilities are being prepared to
respond to different requirements for orbits, security, and
operations. OMB will undertake a budget cross-cut--taking L100
into account all critical factors--on Shuttle operational
management responsibility with NASA, Defense, and the DCI
and make recommendations on this issue during the FY 1980
budget review. Based on this cross-cut, the Policy Review
Committee (Space) will review these recommendations in
terms of impact on policy. (C)
3. incremental improvements in the Shuttle transportation
system will be made as they become necessary and will be
examined in the context of emerging space policy goals. An
interagency task.force will make recommendations on what
future capabilities are needed. Representation will include
NASA, Defense, the DCI,, Commerce, interior, Agriculture,
OMB, NSC, OSTP, State, and others as appropriate. This
task force will submit the findings to the Policy Review
Committee (Space) for transmittal to the President by
August 1, 1979. (U)
4. Current Shuttle survivability provisions will be limited to
existing maneuverability capabilities and to encryption of
command--and data links to, from, and between space segments.
Concerned agencies--NASA, the DCI, and Defense--will study
what future steps might be necessary to fully comply in the
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long term with PD/NSC-37 and make recommendations to the
Policy Review Committee (Space) by August 1, 1979, so that
appropriate findings can be reflected during the FY 1981
budget process. (S)
Technology Sharing. The existing Program Review Board (PRB)
M I take steps to enhance technology transfer between the
sectors. The objective will be, as directed in PD/NSC-37, to
maximize efficient utilization of the sectors while maintaining
necessary security and current management relationships among
the sectors. The PRB will submit an implementation plan to the
Policy Review Committee (Space) by May 15, 1979. In addition,
the PRB will submit subsequent annual progress reports. (U)
Zbigniew Brzezinski
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Table 1
PD/NSC-42 FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS
TOPIC ACTION REQUESTED DATE CHAIRMAN
Inte Remote Study to examine options 1 August 79 NASA
nsing Syste for integrating current
and future potential systems
into an integrated national
system
Weather Programs Cross-cut review of FY 80 OMB
meteorological satellite Budget
programs to determine Review
potential for future budget-
ary savings and program
efficiency
Declassification of Interagency assessment of 15 February 79 DCI
Photoreconnaissance options for declassification
Imagery of photoreconnaissance
imagery or information
Shuttle Operational Budget cross-cut taking FY 80 OMB
Management into account all critical Budget
Responsibility factors Review
Shuttle
Improvements
Shuttle
Survivability
Technology
Sharing
Study to make recommend- 1 August 79 ?
ations on needs for future
capabilities
Study to determine future 1 August 79 None
steps to comply with PD-37
Prepare implemenation plan 15 May 79 PRB
to enhance technology
sharing
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