SOVIET ATOMIC ENERGY VOL. 47, NO. 6

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• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 15, 2013
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: December 1, 1979
• Content Type: REPORT

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Russian Original Vol. 47, No. 6, December, 1979
June, 1980
SATEAZ 47(6) 971-1094 (1979)
SOVIET
ATOMIC
ENERGY
ATOMHAA 3HEPrI4H
(ATOMNAYA ENERGIYA)
TRANSLATED FROM RUSSIAN
CONSULTANTS BUREAU, NEW YORK
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SOVIET
ATOMIC.
ENERGY
Soviet Atomic Energy is a cover-to-cover translation of Atomnaya
Energiya, a publication of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
An agreement with the-Copyright Agency of the USSR (VAAP)
makes available both advance copies of the Russian journal and
,original glossy, photographs and artwork. This serves to decrease
the necessary time lag between publication of the original and
publication of the translation and helps-to improve the quality
of the' latter., The translation began with the first issue of the
Russian journal.
-I. N. Golovin
V. I. 1l'ic'hev
Soviet Atomic Energy is abstracted or in-
dexed in Chemical Abstracts, Chemical
Titlss, Pollution Abstracts, Science Re-
search', Abstracts, Parts A and B, Safety
Science Abstracts Journal, Current Con-
tents, " Energy Research Abstracts, and
Engineering Index,
Editorial Board of Atomnaya Energiya.:
,Editor: 0. D. Kazachkovskil
Associate Editors: N. A. Vlasov and N. N. Poriomarev-Stepnoi
Secretary: A. I.,Artemov -
V. E." Ivanov
V. F. "Kalinin
P. L Kirillov
Yu. 1. Koryakin
A K. Krasin
E. V. Kulov
B. N. Laskorin
V. V. Matveev
1.' D. Morokhov
A. A. Naurnov
A. S. Ni"kiforov
A. S. Shtan'
B. A.. Sidorenko
M. F. Troyanov
E. I. Vorob'ev
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SOVIET ATOMIC ENERGY
A translation of Atomnaya Energiya
June, 1980
Volume 47, Number 6 December, 1979
CONTENTS
Engl./Russ.
Stability Calculation for Large Pressurized-Water Reactors
- V. I. Plyutinskii and P. A. Leppik ............................... .971 363
A Three-Pulse Regulator for Controlling the Coolant Temperature
in a Fast Reactor under Emergency Conditions - V. A. Afanas'ev,
V. M. Gryazev, V. N. Efimov, V. I. Plyutinskii, and A. N. Tyufyagin ........: 976 367
Synthesis of an Unsymmetrical-Zone Control System for Reactor Power
Distribution - I. Ya. Emel'yanov, L. N. Podlazov, A. N. Aleksakov,
and V. M. Panin ............................................ 979 370
Optimization of Plasma Parameters in a Hybrid Reactor-Tokamak
- A. S. Kukushkin and V. I. Pistunovich ................ 983 374
Simulation of Nuclear-Fuel Solvent-Extraction Reprocessing.
7. Separation of Macroscopic Amounts of Plutonium and Uranium
by Displacement Reextraction of Plutonium in Reprocessing
Fast-Reactor Fuel (Section 1) - t. V. Renard and M. Ya. Zel'venskii ........ 988 377
Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Graphitic Materials
- P. A. Platonov, O. K. Chugunov, V. I. Karpukhin,
V. N. Kuznetsov, S. I. Alekseev, and V. P. Golovin ..................... 992 382
Transport of Thermal Neutrons from a Pulsed Source
in an Inhomogeneous Moderator with a Large Cavity
- Zh. M. Dzhilkibaev and M. V. Kazarnovskii .................. ..... 997 386
Mass Spectrometric Method of Isotopic Analysis of Xenon Formed
in Nuclear Fission - Yu. A Shukolyukov, Ya. S. Kapusta,
and A. B. Verkhovskii .......................................... 1001 389
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Some Aspects of the Use of Low-Temperature Radiation in Neutron-Activation
Analysis of Biological Materials - L. M. Mosulishvili
and N. E. Kuchava ................................ ......... 1005 392
Boron Control of Water-Moderated Water-Cooled Power Reactor
during Operation under Variable Loads - E. I. Ignatenko
and Yu. N. Pytkin............................................... 1007 393
Optimization of Probe Device for Selective y -y Borehole
Logging - D. K. Galimbekov and B. E. Lukhminskii .................... 1009 394
Angular Distribution of Gamma Dose Rate at Deep Penetrations
- N. L. Kuchin, K. K. Popkov, and I. N. Trofimov ..................... 1011 396
Stripping of Uranium Ions of Energy over 60 GeV - E. L. Duman
and L. I. Men' shikov......................................... 1014 398
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CONTENTS
(continued)
Engl./Russ.
Effect of Reactor Radiation on Thermoelectric Thermometers
- A. A. Fraktovnikova, M. I. Redchenko, and A. S. Kruglov .................... 1016 399
.Some Distinctive Features of the Spectra of Delayed Neutrons
- B. P.. Maksyutenko, A. A. Shimanskii, Yu. F. Balakshev,
and S. F. Gritskevich ....... ................................ 1019 401
New Data on the Alpha Decay of 242mAm - S. A. Baranov, V. M. Shatinskii,
and L. V. Chistyakov ..... ........ ............................. 1022 404
New Measurements of the Partial Half-Lives of an Isomeric State
of 242mAm - A. G. Zelenkov, V. A. Pchelin, Yu. F. Rodionov,
L. V. Chistyakov, and V. M. Shubko .................................... 1024 405
Determination of Reactivity. Excess from Results of Critical
and Subcritical Experiments - A. Yu. Gagarinskii,
O. E. Zhukov, A. F. Zaitsev, V. V. Petrov, R. R. Sadykov,
and L. S. Tsygankov .............................................. ................................ 1025 406
Effects of the. Exit Channel on the Neutron Distribution in Beryllium
- V. N. Bogomolov, V. S. Gal'tsov, I. I. Zakharkin,
and P. P. Prokudin ................................................ 1027 407
An Eddy-Current Method of Checking for Leaks of Water (Steam)
in a Liquid-Metal Coolant - V. N. Tipikin ................................ 1029 409
The Temperature Distribution in a Fuel Pin and Sheath with Radiative
Heat Transfer - V. F. Kuznetsov ......................... ............. 1031 410
A Hot-Neutron. Generator with a Zirconium Hydride Rethermalyzer
- B. G. Polosukhin, V. G. Chudinov, B. N. Goshchitskii,
V. V. Gusev, and M. G. Mesropov ..................................... 1033 412
Effects of Uranium-Ore Segregation in Transport Containers
in Rapid Gamma Analysis - L. N. Posik and I. M. Khaikovich .................. 1035 413
Minimum-Deviation Regulation of Xenon Oscillations in a Reactor
- B. Z. Torlin ... ... ........................................ 1038 415
Fission Cross Sections of 235U and 238U to Neutrons with an Energy
of 14.7 MeV - I. D. Alkhazov, V. N. Dushin, S. S. Kovalenko,
O. I. Kostochkin, K. A. Petrzhak, V. I. Shpakov, R. Arlit,
V. Wagner, F. Weidhaas, V. Grimm, R. Krause, G. Musiol,
H. Ortlepp, and R. Teichner............................................. 1040 416
Experimental Basis for Simulation of Radiation Encountered in Space
Flights - E. I. Vorob'ev, E. E. Kovalev, V. A. Sakovich,
A. N. Serbinov, O. D. Brill', B. S. Gribov, and Yu. I. Zaborovskii ............... 1043 418
Irradiation Dose of the Population of the Soviet Union from Cosmic
Radiation - R. A. Filov and t. M. Krisyuk ............................... 1046 420
OBITUARY
In Memory of Aleksei Petrovich Zefirov .................................... 1049 423
CONFERENCES, MEETINGS, AND SEMINARS
Automatic System for Reactor Monitoring, Control, and Safety
-.P. A. Gavrilov and V. E. Trekhov........ . ............................ 1051 424
Meeting of IAEA Technical Committee on Handling of Tritium-Containing
Wastes - B. Ya. Galkin and V. V. Tugolukov .............................. 1052 424
Sixth Session of Soviet-American Coordination Commission
on Thermonuclear Energy - G. A. Eliseev .. ...... ................... 1053 425
Soviet-American Meeting on Alternative Thermonuclear Systems
- E. E. Yushmanov ... ....................... .................... 1055 427
Soviet-American Meeting on "Problems of the Interface
between High-Temperature Plasma and Limiter" - V. A. Abramov ............... 1057 428
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CONTENTS
.(continued)
Engl./Buss.
Second Meeting of International Working Group on INTOR
- V. I. Pistunovich and G. E. Shatalov ..................................
1059
429.
European Conference on High-Energy Physics - L. I. Lapidus .....................
1060
430
Second International Seminar on High-Energy Physics and Field Theory ..............
1062
431
Thrteenth European Meeting on Cyclotrons - N. I. Venikov ......... ......... .
1063
432
BOOK REVIEWS
A. N. Kondratenko. Penetration of a Field into Plasma
- Reviewed by S. S. Moiseev ........................................
1065
433
T. Cowling. Magnetic Hydrodynamics - B. P. Maksimenko .......................
1066
433
INDEX
Author Index, Volumes 46-47, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1069
Tables of Contents, Volumes 46-47, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? . . .
1075
The Russian press date (podpisano k pechati) of this issue was 11/23/1979.
Publication therefore did not occur prior to this date, but must be assumed
to have taken place reasonably soon thereafter.
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ARTICLES
STABILITY CALCULATION FOR LARGE
PRESSURIZED-WATER REACTORS
V. I. Plyutinskii and P. A. Leppik UDC 621.039.52.034.7.44:62-503
A pressurized-water reactor has the following forms of instability: neutron-physical (resonance), which
is due to the strong feedback from the void coefficient of reactivity, hydraulic (between and within loops), and
low-frequency, which is due to the pressure change in the reactor arising from unbalance between the produc-
tion and use of heat. Many forms of instability have been discussed elsewhere [1-4]. Although the methods
varied, the following general assumptions are used:
1) the point approximation is used for the reactor kinetics;
2) the neutron-physical and hydraulic instabilities are considered as independent, although it has been
pointed out [5] that they interact.
The stability of a large reactor must be examined on models that incorporate the spatial kinetic effects,
as well as the interaction between the hydrodynamic and neutron-physical processes. In particular, it becomes
incorrect to assert [1] that the stability of the point model (the fundamental mode for the neutron flux) guaran-
tees stability of the higher modes for a reactor with a negative void coefficient of reactivity.
Here we consider a method of calculating the stability that incorporates the interaction between the spa-
tial hydraulic and neutron-physical effects. The following are the basic assumptions :
1) a linear approximation is used;
2) the pressure in the steam space and the temperature in the circulating water at the inlet to the core
are taken as constant (low-frequency oscillations are neglected);
3) the monoenergetic diffusion approximation is used for the kinetics;
4) the reactivity is dependent only on the steam content (full temperature effects are neglected to simplify
the expressions);
5) the heat production at point r in the fuel at the time T is proportional to the neutron flux density 4)(r, T);
6) the pressure differences in the coolant at any instant are the same for all the fuel cassettes ;
7) the circulation loop outside the core is one-dimensional.
Assumptions 1 and 2 give us the Laplace transform for the neutron-flux density deviation 04'(r, p) as
A (D (r, p) = >, a; (p) fj (r),
t-o
where fi are orthonormalized functions (modes) that are solutions to
div (Do grad ft) +Zo (k_-1) /i + uj2ok_fj =0
f; (r) + b (r) grad f, (r) - it = 0
at the outer surface of the core (iD 0 f0).
The coefficients in the expansion ai(p) are dependent on the changes in the reactor parameters and are
found from
(1)
div(AD grad (Do)-1-AEl0lk:.-1- kroW0(P)l +Akrn o(Do[1-WN(P)l= E a,(p)(P/v0+2:oko-WR(p)+?tEok'-)f ' (4)
i=o
The symbols in (1)-(4) are as follows : E is the macroscopic capture cross section; p is the variable in
the Laplace transformation; Wo (p) = p~ 0m/(P+gym); n is the vector normal to the surface of the core; subscript
m-I
0 denotes values of the parameters corresponding to the unperturbed state; A represents deviations; and the
other symbols are as in [6] (Section 1.1).
Translated from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 363-367, December, 1979. Original article sub-
mitted October 9, 1978; revision submitted June 18, 1979.
0038-531X/79/4706-0971 $07.50 ?1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation
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In accordance with assumption 4, the deviations of the physical parameters in the perturbed reactor are
dependent only on the steam content cp and can be put in the form
AD (r, i) _ (r) A(P (r, i)
Lk", (r, ti) _
Tl (r) Dip (r, T)
,
(5)
g
A (r, r) = t (r) O(p (r, T)
OD (r)
OZ (r)
(6)-
ay
- (r) '
- 8W (r) = ay (r)
It is possible to use a multiple-group approximation in employing (6) to incorporate the actual neutron spec-
trum at each point r.
Therefore, the reactivity of the perturbed reactor can be determined by exact calculation of the spatial
distribution of the steam content. For this purpose it is best to use numerical methods for determining the
complex frequency response for the steam content and other necessary parameters along the channel [7, 8].
This method can be used for the complex frequency response corresponding to the transfer functions W~gij
(z, p) and Wqj (z, p), which relate the change in the steam content at each section z in cassette j to the per-
turbations on mode i [ai(p) Fi(r)] and to the water flow rate at the inlet to the cassette [ogj (p)] ; these transfer
functions allow us to calculate the change in steam content:
0q (r, p) _ ai (p) Wmij (z, p), (7)
i=o
where [W~ij = W~gij + W pgj (Wkggij + gGj WGgi) ; Wggij~ WGgi] are transfer functions that relate respectively the
change in flow rate at the inlet to a cassette and the chhange in total flow rate at the inlet to the core [OG(p)] with
the perturbation on mode i, where W-kGj is a transfer function that relates the change Oqj(p) to the perturbation
OG(p), and j=j(r); z=z(r).
The transfer functions for the perturbation in mode i are determined as the Laplace transforms of the
changes in the corresponding parameters in response to changes in the heat production (&qij) in the fuel rods
in each cassette in accordance with the law
%14ti (z, T) = 9of (Z) ft. (z) 6 (T) (8)
fo! (z)
.where goj(z) is the heat production in the unperturbed reactor averaged over the cross section of the cassette,
d(r) is .a Dirac S function, fij(z) is the mean over the cross section of a cassette for mode i, and fij(z) = fi(r).
We substitute (7) and (5) into (4), multiply both parts by ft, and integrate over the volume of the core.
Then as the weighting factor E 0k,?o applies to system {fi}, which is orthonormalized, we get
of
at (p) dtt (p) - per: at (p) iii = Wilt (p) at (p),
i=0 t=U -
dti = S p) Wwii (z, p) dV + S n" (r, p) Wv,,ti (z, p) dS; (10)
V S
Sgt igrad fo?grad ft+~fofi [k'--1-k'-WB(p)l+?)Zofft11-WH(p)l; S2i=*/t grad fo?n;
Wkt, = (plat +Wk+At)-1 is the transfer function for the kinetics for mode ft and lef = 5 (ftf;/vo) dV is the effec-
tive neutron lifetime, l loo =l ; lti 0 for t i.. The integration in the second term in (10) is over the exter-
nal surface of the reactor S (it is frequently assumed that SZ? = 0 for large reactors).
We get the transfer functions that relate the change in reactor power to changes in water flow rate for the
entire loop and for the individual channels. We split up the entire circulation loop into three parts : the core,
the rising section, and the descending section (these are referred to by the superscripts co, ri, and de). We
assign as the rising section the entire volume of the loop above the core with two-phase flow, while the descend-
ing section is all the part with a single-phase flow.
For simplicity we assume that the power deviation is described by mode i alone. Then the following is
the change in the pressure drop (6,P)I~, across channel j:
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AP (p) _ W Pqi; (p) ai (P) + WPgi (p) Agii (P), (11)
where Agij is the increment in the water flow rate at the inlet to the channel core.by the change in mode i and
Wkk 1., WP are transfer functions that relate the change in pressure drop across the channel to the pertur-
batioA of mode i and to the flow-rate change at the inlet to the channel respectively, whose complex frequency
characteristics have already been derived [8].
With assumption 6 we get from (11) that
Agii (p) = ai (p) Wggi, (p) +WgGi (p) AG, (p),
co
W 9Gi = W PG/W Pg;;
Wk CO k k
gqi; _ (W Pqi - W Pgii)I WPgi;
'V =[L(WPgi)
CO COQ k k
WP9i = WPG (W Pgi;/WPgi);
AG,=EAgii?
The increment in the water flow rate at the inlet to the core [AGi(p)] on perturbation in mode i can be
co n
ACi (p) ai (P) WNgi(P)+Wpgi (P) (13)
WPG(P)+W PG (P)+WPG(I')
where WrP i is the transfer function that relates the change in pressure difference APrl to the perturbation on
mode i (for AG=0), and WVVG and WPG are transfer functions that relate the changes APr1 and Apde to the per-
turbations AG.
The complex frequency characteristics of WlG and Wqi are determined in accordance with assumption
7 by the method of [2, 9] with the complex frequency characteristics of [8] for the flow rates of water and
steam at the exit from the cassette, while W% is determined from the equations of one-phase hydrodynamics.
Expressions have been derived for the quantities appearing in (9); we assume that in the stability analysis
it is sufficient to restrict consideration to a finite number of modes. Then (9) can be put as the matrix equa-
tion
A --IIWII?A, (14)
where A is a vector with components (ao, al, a2, .., as) ; IIWII is a square matrix of order s +1 having the ele-
ments
of 11, 0, t=i;
Wti(p)=fdii(p)--pltiCti]Wkt(P), gri= t i.
Equation (14) allows one to examine those forms of instability which interact; for example, poles in the right
half plane for the transfer functions Wti indicate interchannel instability (if there are zeroes in the right half-
plane for W%), or~~,~epneral-loop instability (if there are zeros in the right half plane for the transfer func-
tion W~S9G+W,}G+~FGIf we neglect the nondiagonal elements in IIWII, analysis of.(14) allows us to judge the
stability of the individual modes without considering the coupling between them, e.g., the element Woo(p) de-
scribes the kinetics in the point. approximation. However, for a large pressurized reactor it is necessary to
consider the mode interaction, as the examples below show.
Letvi(w) (i = 0, 1, ..., S) be the eigenvalues of IIWII for p = jw; it can be shown that if the transfer func-
tions corresponding to the elements IIWII do not have poles in the right half plane (i.e., there is no hydraulic
instability) then it is necessary and sufficient if the system of (14) is to be stable for the hodographs of all the
vectors vi(w) not to enclose.the point (1, j0) as w goes from 0 to 00 (by analogy with the Nyquist criterion for
one-loop systems) [10]. Also, if the nondiagonal elements of IIWII are small, then the eigenvalues vi are close
to the diagonal elements, and in the case of loss of stability we can talk of instability on the individual modes.
As the moduli of the elements, of IIWII tend rapidly to zero as i and t increase, there will be little effect
on the first eigenvalues (vo, PI, v2) if the dimensions of the matrix are more than three or four, while the
higher eigenvalues are small in modulus. Therefore, we can increase the dimensions of the matrix step by
step to estimate the number of modes that need be incorporated.
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Fig. 1. Hodographs for the complex frequency characteristics of
diagonal elements (broken line) and for the eigenvalues (solid line)
of the IIWII matrix for N= 100%, Diu=167 kJ/kg (the points show the
values of the frequency w is rad ? sec-1).
61 s/ ? r
2 4 6 8 L,n
Fig. 2. Stability margin p as a function of
diameter L: f--, ) N=100%, Aiu= 115
kJ/kg; (---, ---) N=100%, Diu= 167 kJ/kg;
(-?-, - -) N=140%, Aiu=115 kJ/kg.
We give as an example the results from a simplified calculation on the stability of a reactor performed
in this way; the reactor is considered as radially homogeneous (b = oc at the side surface of the core), while the
asymmetry in the heat production over the height of the core is produced by manipulation of the lower and upper
boundaries of the reactor (the nonuniformity factor kz =1.5) ; Do, E o, and k? are taken as constant over the
colume and the migration length Mo= AD01 is taken as 10 cm. The height of the core in all cases was 3 m,
while the diameter of the core varied from 2 to 10 m, with the height of the rising part above the core 6.4 m and
the pressure in the reactor 10 MPa.
We considered modes with various modes N and various degrees of underheating of the water at the inlet
W B; coefficient ij(z) was calculated on the basis of the actual distribution of the parameters over the height of
the core as derived via two-group constants, while the coefficients ~(z) and b(z) were taken as zero. The void
effect on the reactivity varied from 0.03 to 0.07 under these conditions, while the steam content E at the outlet
varied over the range 0.5-0.7.
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Figure 1 shows the hodographs for the complex frequency characteristics for the diagonal elements of
JIWII corresponding to various modes (the subscripts 00, 11, and 22 refer to the fundamental, the first azimuthal
mode, and the first axial mode, respectively), and it also shows the hodographs for the eigenvalues vt(w) (core
diameter 4.3 m) for one of these states. To illustrate the effects of the circulation we also show the hodographs
for Woo, vo, W22, and v2 calculated on the assumption of a constant total flow rate through the core, as well as
the hodograph for vl calculated on the assumption of constant flow rate for the coolant in all channels in the
core (in this model, any redistribution of the flow rate between the channels has no effect on vo and v2, but a
change in the total loop flow rate affects vl). The divergence of the hodographs for Woo and PO resembles that-
for W22 and v2 and shows that the fundamental and first axial modes have substantial interaction (as a result,
the stability of both modes is increased). The hodographs for W11 and Pi coincide, since d1o= d12= 0 in this
model. The effects of the circulation reduce the stability of all modes, which is very clearly seen for the azi-
muthal mode, which becomes unstable in this. state.
The interchannel fluctuations in flow rate affect the stability in a large reactor, as is illustrated by Fig. 2
(the measure of the stability margin is the distance p of the corresponding hodograph from the point +1, j0).
It has been assumed here that the hydraulic characteristics of the individual channels and of the loop and as a
whole (i.e., Wggij and W &i) are independent of the diameter of the core. If the reactor has a core diameter.
exceeding some value L', the instability will set in earlier not on the fundamental but on the azimuthal mode.
This L' decreases as the hydraulic stability of the channels against interchannel fluctuations falls.
The features of the thermophysical processes in large pressurized-water reactors require one to con-
sider the spatial kinetics along with the equations of the circulation in the core channels and in the loop as a
whole in discussing the stability. The loop circulation generally sometimes has a destabilizing effect on the
fundamental mode. Therefore, a large reactor may give rise to loop hydroneutron instability, which is charac-
terized by fluctuations in the circulation and the neutron flux. The first axial mode usually has a stabilizing
effect on the fundamental mode.
In a large reactor, it is possible for there to be a special interchannel hydroneutron instability caused by
the interaction between the interchannel hydraulic effects and the azimuthal mode in the neutron flux. A dif-
ference from a purely hydraulic instability is that this is dependent on the size of the core.
1. H. Hitchcock, Nuclear Reactor Stability [Russian translation], Gosatomizdat, Moscow (1963).
2. I. I. Morozov and V. A. Gerliga, Stability in Boiling Apparatus [in Russian], Atomizdat, Moscow (1969).
3. V. I. Gritskov et al., At. Energ., 25, No. 6, 514 (1968).
4. B. V. Kebadze and V. I. Plyutinskii, At. Energ., 31. No. 2, 89 (1971).
5. S. Zivy and F. Wright, in: Kinetics and Control for Nuclear Reactors (edited by P. A. Gavrilov) [Rus-
sian translation], Atomizdat, Moscow (1967), p. 187.
6. L Ya. Emel' yanov, P. A. Gavrilov, and B. N. Seliverstov, Control and Safety in Nuclear Power Reactors
[in Russian], Atomizdat, Moscow (1975).
7. and N.Ya.Khvostova,L. L. Fishgoit, At. Energ., 25, No. 6, 474 (1968).
8. G. A. Sankovskii, L. L. Fishgoit, and V. I. Plyutinskii, in: Nuclear Science and Technology, Series
Nuclear Power Installation Dynamics [in Russian], Issue 2, Izd. TsNllatominform (1977), p. 56.
9. V. M. Rushchinskii and V. I. Khvostova, in: Papers from the Central Complex Automation Research
Institute [in Russian], Issue 16, tnergiya, Moscow (1967), p. 237.
10. A. Macfarlane and J. Belletrutti, Automatica, 9, No. 5, 575 (1973).
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
A THREE-PULSE REGULATOR FOR CONTROLLING THE COOLANT
TEMPERATURE IN A FAST REACTOR UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS
V.
A.
Afanas'ev, V. M. Gryazev,*
V.
N.
Efimov, V. I. Plyutinskii,
and
A.
N. Tyufyagin
A fast reactor produces considerable temperature rise in the coolant in the core; therefore, large ther-
mal stresses can arise when the emergency protection gear operates, which represent a hazard for the con-
structional components. One of the ways of reducing the stresses is to control the coolant flow in such a way
that the power-decay curve is similar to the coolant-flow decay. Then the coolant temperature at exit from the
reactor will be approximately constant, so the thermal stresses will be minimal.
One of the commoner ways of powering the main circulation pump is that used in the BOR-60 (Fig. 1)
[1, 21. This includes the synchronous motor SM and the generator G, which supplies the dc motor DC. The
speed of the main circulation pump MCP is controlled by including the variable resistor Rv in the exciting
winding of the generator, which itself is controlled by the constant-speed motor CS. When the synchronous
motor is switched out of the circuit, the kinetic energy is redistributed (by adjustment of the generator exci-
tation), and this enables one to control the coolant flow law within fairly wide limits [2].
The BOR-60 has been used in an experiment in which a single-pulse temperature regulator was used to
control the generator excitation when the emergency protection gear operates [2]. The signal to the regulator
is derived from fast thermocouples at the exit from the fuel-rod assembly. Tests showed that it is possible to
maintain the temperature quite accurately under these conditions. However, the fast thermocouples are not
very reliable, so it was not possible to use them in the standard control system.
Here we consider the scope for controlling the temperature during emergency shutdown by means of sig-
nals from slow thermocouples at the exit. As there is considerable lag in the upper volume of the reactor and
in the thermocouple, the control performance is improved by making use of pulses generated by the coolant flow
and the neutron power level.
The purpose of the regulator of Fig. 1 is to maintain the coolant temperature at the exit at the level im-
mediately before the emergency. Therefore, the basic control parameter is the temperature tr recorded by
the couple. The regulator should maintain the temperature at the value immediately before the emergency, and
automatic adjustment of the temperature signal is provided for this purpose. The temperature-deviation sig-
nal is generated by a circuit consisting of the adder E3, whose feedback circuit contains the integrator I2.
In the normal state, the contact of the relay P is closed. When an unbalance signal appears at the output
of E3, the integrator output will vary until the unbalance signal from the adder vanishes, no matter what the
absolute value of the temperature at the input. At the instant of the emergency, the contacts of relay P open
and the output signal is
At=tr - tro,
where tro is the coolant temperature at the reactor outlet at the moment preceding the emergency and tr is the
current temperature.
This signal passes to the adder 2:2 with the adjustment coefficient Kt, which is an adjustable parameter,
and then to a relay component, which works with an integrating negative feedback circuit. The parameters Kfb
and Tfb of the feedback circuit are also regulator-setting parameters. The relay controls the CS motor. The
adder E1 receives signals representing the power levels N and the flow rate G, where the power signal is sup-
plied not directly but via the multiplier M, which multiplies the power signal by the signal from the integrator
I. This is necessary in order to provide correspondence between the flow rate and power signals before the
protection- operates.
Translated from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 367-370, December, 1979. Original article sub-
mitted May 15, 1978; revision submitted April 23, 1979.
976 0038-531X/'79/4706-0976 $07.50 ?1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
0 L-
0,2
YMCA
U
Fig. 1. Structural diagram of the temperature regu-
lation system.
j K}b
F_LT Pf7
Fig. 2. Lines of constant value for the rms temperature deviation
for KN of 1000 (a) and 600 (b).
Fig. 3. The KN dependence of the minimum value of J for power
levels of 60 (1) and 20 MW (2).
Calculations were performed for 60 and 20 MW in order to determine the optimum regulator settings.
The mathematical description of the flow-rate control includes differential equations for the object, the drive,
and the regulator.
Methods of defining the adjustable parameters for regulators in linearized automatic-control systems
are not applicable in this case because of the substantial nonlinearity in the object, and also because the coeffi-
cients in the equations are explicit functions of time. Therefore, the optimum regulator settings are derived
numerically by comparing various calculations made by computer. The optimality criterion is the minimum
rms deviation of the temperature from the initial value during the pump deceleration time Td (it is assumed
that this time is the time needed for the flow rate to fall to 5% of the initial value).
The integral quadratic criterion J is defined by
Td
J- 1 (tr-tr,u)2dT,
0
where Td = 80 sec is the deceleration time and T is time.
The static control accuracy is governed by Kt:
At=AIK1,
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
.1,0
0
At,K
10
-10
-20
10
-10 L
At, K
I 1 -801 1
_L _L .20 40 60 .. z, sec C. 10
Fig. 4
i
2
1. I I I I I
20 3C 40 50 60 z, sec
Fig. 4. Calculated transient-response curves for the temperature-control system
after operation of the emergency protection: a) curves for fall in power level and
coolant flow; b, c) temperature curves for Q0= 60 and 20 MW, respectively; 1, 2)
temperatures at the exit from the core and the reactor, respectively.
Fig. 5. Transient response with temperature control (solid line) and without con-
trol (broken line) in the experiment with operation of the emergency protection:
1, 2) temperatures at the exit from the core and reactor, respectively.
where A is the insensitive zone of the relay element. We assume Kt= 1, i.e., At= 10K, and then this static ac-
curacy can be obtained with standard temperature regulators. Any improvement on this would require special
development, and calculations show that no change is desirable, since the static error of 1?K is much less than
the dynamic error. The calculations were performed for various values of Kfb, Tth, and KN for a constant
value of Kt (Kt=1); in determining Kth it was assumed that the voltage at the output of the relay elements was 1.
Calculations on the transient response were performed for a nominal output of 60 MW, and Fig. 2 shows the
lines of equal value for At='[J/Td-
Figure 3 shows the minimum value of J for the. given KN as a function of the latter for two different
power levels. The minimum J for the nominal power is obtained with KN=620, which corresponds to the fol-
lowing optimum feedback adjustments : Kth = 0.8, Tth = 35 sec. Then At= 1.18?K.
Figures 2 and 3 show that slight changes in KN do not produce substantial changes in At, and these adjust-
ments may be considered optimal for any initial reactor power. The transient response calculated for this
optimal adjustment is shown in Fig. 4. Clearly, the excursions of the temperature at the exit from the core do
not exceed 5-11?K, while those at the exit from the reactor are only 2-5?K.
This control system was tested with the BOR-60; the regulator was an instrument developed at the Cen-
tral Complex Automation Research Institute from a standard RPIB regulator. The tests demonstrated the good
performance in maintaining the exit temperature when the emergency protection gear operates, and they also
served to refine the calculated adjustment figures. The initial parameters before the protection operated were
as follows : reactor power 40 MW, coolant flow through reactor 900 m8/h, KN= 600, Tth = 40 sec, Kth = 0.8, A =
1.3?K.
Figure 5 shows the transient response in the control system and the comparative curve when the protec-
tion operates without the regulator. The control performance is quite adequate, as is clear from the fact that
the deviation in the temperature at the exit from the core is only 17?K, as against 5?K at the exit from the
reactor, whereas the corresponding figures without the regulator were 115 and 25?K, respectively.
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This method of shutting down the reactor is of high performance, which was demonstrated not only by the
calculations but also by experiment, and it is recommended for use on fast power reactors, since it provides
improved reliability and safety. . However, the forms of equipment vary, as does the scope for controlling the
circulation-pump speed, so the problem is best considered at the design stage if the appropriate flow-rate con-
trol range is to be provided, particularly from a source with an adequate kinetic-energy reserve. For exam-
ple, a turbine generator might be employed.
1. 0. D. Kazachkovskii et al., At. Energ., 34, No. 5, 341 (1973).
2. V. A. Afanas'ev et al., in: Nuclear Science and Engineering, Series Nuclear Power Plant Dynamics [in
Russian], Issue 1(11), TsNIlatominform, Moscow (1977), p. 51.
SYNTHESIS OF AN UNSYMMETRICAL-ZONE CONTROL
SYSTEM FOR REACTOR POWER DISTRIBUTION
1. Ya. Emel'yanov, L. N. Po.dlazov, UDC 621.039.562
A. N. Aleksakov, and V. M. Panin
A substantial problem is represented by the need to maintain given spatial energy distribution in a large
nuclear reactor, on account of the tendency to spontaneous nonstationary deformation of the distribution [1].
This poses many problems for the designers of control systems for large reactors, and one of the most impor-
tant of these is the optimum choice of the number and disposition of the control rods and transducers in auto-
matic control system.
The traditional approach involving local control systems requires a number of local regulators equal to
the number of unstable harmonics to be suppressed [2]. However, it has been shown [3, 4] that, in principle, it
is possible to stabilize the neutron distribution with a smaller number of regulators.
The prospect for improving the stabilizing performance of an automatic control with fewer control ele-
ments has stimulated studies [5-7] in which various aspects of control for a one-dimensional reactor have been
discussed, including unsymmetrical control systems. In particular, it has been shown [5] that one has to con-.
sider the control performance and stability in the synthesis of an unsymmetrical system, and that here the
most promising systems involve a combination of the zone principle of automatic-control design with asym-
metry. Here we consider the synthesis of an unsymmetrical-zone system for controlling the radial and azi-
muthal energy distributions.
Formulation. The neutron distribution is described by means of a linearized equation for the diffusion
approximation in a cylindrical coordinate system on the assumption that only slow processes are involved,
namely such that the delayed neutrons can be neglected. All changes in the quantities are assumed averaged
over the axis with a weight proportional to the square of the neutron flux.
These assumptions give the equations for the dynamics of the reactor with a single power feedback as
1 AVp+xfp+(km?kc)(), 0; (1)
-0; (2)
dk1Jdt _ aq - ky , (3)
where kc describes the control action.
The time unit is the time-constant of the feedback; the steady-state neutron flux distribution 4-0 satisfies
with the boundary condition 4 o1r=1= 0
A4)? + x.'! (1), = 0 (4)
wherexz = 0 for r< RI;
fconsL>0 for fl , < r < 1
(here R1 is the radius of the equalized energy distribution).
Translated from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 370-373, December, 1979. Original article sub-
mitted January 8, 1979.
0038-531X/79/4706-0979$07.50 ?1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation 979
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
The solution to. (4) takes the form [6]
1 for r 0.485. troth con-
ditions can be met together if 0.485 s L ~, !r*} I J9 (ro, t);
J* N' t) = 4n ?d1 {(q (ra , t*) v)T - v \ Ea (ro , v) p'
J- (ro, t) 4 tp (ro, t) (v)T + l D (ro) (p' (ro, t),
where (Fig. 1) SE is a unit vector along the direction of motion of a neutron:
? = Slv (ro); ?* _ - Stv (ra );
t*= t-d (ro, Q)lv; r* _ rv+d (ro, Q);
J8(ro, t) is the neutron current density in the moderator at point ro at time t emitted directly by the source.
We take the Iaplace transforms of Eqs. (1)-(7) with respect to t and denote the transform of a function
by a tilde. Then, taking account of the fact that
S dte xttp (r~, t*) - ( dte -a.tq) { r*
r L
0
we obtain after some simple calculations :
d (rV )), =.exp I -) d (rl, SL)) N (r*, ))
(5)
V (Dp4') = () + a) tp; V% (R, )) = 0;
4 WT T (ro, )) - z D (ro) (ro, )) 4n ?d12 { Cv exp 1. - d (rv \/ (r$, ))-
- v d (r,,, S2) \ _
Etr(ru,v)exp[ -) v J/Tw (r*, 1)- ;(ro, k);
a+roo
J (ro, t) d)eltfs (ro,
a-ice
Lk(r~ ~)-f (ro, ))]
k r )) - 4-'~ (rr? )) ; E r ) _ 2D(ro) q' (ro,?)
o, q+e (ro, )) (o ) WT W(re, )) ,
% n) 1> T (1 + s (r" Q' ))1;
f (ro, 1) = - n d52 (ro, ) (v)T \v esp d (
I1 (16)
t' V
P ~')Jl [1+ D, 4)(Ro,k)j'
0 (r, ?,) _ (8/8r) In (p (r, X),
where Ra is the radius of the cavity. For a system consisting of n layers of homogeneous moderator, -1)(R0, A)
can be found by solving Eq. (9) in each of the layers and imposing standard boundary conditions (continuity of
D(r)4)(r, A,) at the boundaries between layers). In particular, for a two-layer spherical system
1 1 1+psexp (-2 RI G Ro
S( 0+ o
cl) R ~) -= R+ L
o o 1-0exp 1 -2 RI-H6
LS
1 D 1 1 D 1 R-R
Rt 1 Do -1/ To- + ) -TI ct11 Gl '
s ~l i+ 1 + D1 T, cth R L R,
fora two-layer cylindrical system
1 K, (Ro/Lo)-?cI1 (R0/Lo)
~c (Ro, ~) - Go K o (Ro/Lo)-~CIo (Ro/L0)
K, (Ri/Lo)-VcK,, (RI/Lo)
~c - r1(R1/L0)+V'Io (R1/Lo) '
LoD1 K, (R,JL1) Io ()?/L1)?Ko (R/L,) II (R,IL,)
76 DOL1 Ko (RI/L) IO (R/L1)-K0 (R/LI) to (R1/L1)
where Do, D1 and Lo, L1 are respectively the diffusion coefficients and diffusion lengths in the inner and outer
layers, and R1 is the radius of the boundary between layers.
As an example Fig. 2 shows graphically the albedo for a spherical system as a function of the thickness
(H= R1- Ra of the first layer of light water. The second layer (of infinite thickness) is light water poisoned
with boron of density PB=2.6 mg/cm3.
1. K. D. Ilieva, Candidate's Dissertation, P. N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Mos-
cow (1973).
2. K. D. Ilieva and M. V. Kazarnovskii, At. Energ., 39, 186 (1975)..
3. Zh. M. Dzhilkibaev and M. V. Kazarnovskii, At. Energ., 42, 139 (1977).
4. K._D. Ilieva and. M. V. Kazarnovskii, [1), p. 347.
5. K. D. Ilieva and M. V. Kazarnovskii, Kr. Soobshch. po Fiz., No. 3, 19 (1973); At. Energ., 35, 346 (1973).
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
MASS SPECTROMETRIC METHOD OF ISOTOPIC
ANALYSIS OF XENON FORMED IN NUCLEAR FISSION
Yu. A. Shukolyukov, Ya. S. Kapusta, UDC 539.173.8
and A. B. Verkhovskii
The nuclides 129-136Xe are formed in the fission of any nuclei by neutrons or charged particles. Isotopic
analysis of xenon may be of interest for both nuclear physics research and the solution of certain applied pro-
blems of nuclear engineering. In the present article we describe a procedure developed for the mass spectro-
metric investigation of xenon with a maximum sensitivity of detection of -10-14 cm3 (_ 105 atoms) of individual
nuclides. We used a reconstructed MI-1201 mass spectrometer, an analog-to- digital converter, and a univer-
sal Nairi-2 computer.
Extraction of Xenon from Solids. In order to separate xenon from materials of various compositions it
is necessary to produce a sufficiently high temperature in a closed volume with vacuum purity and a low xenon
background. A vacuum furnace (Fig. 1) is recommended for the complete separation of xenon from practically
any solid containing fissile nuclei. The heating element and shell of screens were located in a vacuum of 10-5
mm Hg; the samples being investigated were first degassed at 10-9 mm Hg and 200?C for 5-10 h and then placed
in the working volume of the furnace - a molybdenum tube. The tube was first pumped out at 1900-2000?C for
2-5 h to ensure the removal of chemically active gases (hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, organic compounds)
and xenon from the walls. The completeness of the outgassing of the tube was checked with the mass spec-
trometer by running dummy tests. After careful outgassing of the tube the background of atmospheric 136Xe
did not exceed _ 10-14 cm3 (^? 105 atoms).
In extracting fission product xenon from solids it is sufficient to'maintain the necessary temperature for
1-1.5 h in order to separate more than 90% of the xenon capable of migrating at the given temperature (in the
500-2000?C range).
Separation of Xenon from Chemically Active Gases and Helium. The gases separated from the sample
under study are passed through a solid carbon dioxide (-78?C) cold trap 4 (Fig. 2) in which liquid nitrogen or
oxygen cannot be used since xenon is retained on the walls of the trap at -183 to -196?C. In 15 min all the
residual gases are sorbed at-196?C on activated charcoal in ampul 5. Helium, often contained in samples,
cannot be sorbed on activated charcoal under these conditions, and is pumped out through valve 1 for 3 min.
Then with sylphon valves 1 and 2 closed the charcoal is heated to 250?C. Simultaneously the temperature of the
steel tube 6 with sponge titanium is raised to 900?C. In 15 min the chemically active gases are absorbed by the
titanium. Following this the tube is taken from the furance and cooled to room temperature. When valve 2 is
opened and valve 3 is closed, the residual gases are sorbed on the activated charcoal in ampul 7 in 15 min.
Then, closing valve 2 the xenon purification process is repeated using the titanium getter 8. The xenon sepa-
rated in this way is discharged into the mass spectrometer through valve 3.
All the equipment except the tube with the samples was made of steel. Before beginning the operating
cycle the equipment was pumped out at 300?C for 24 h by two mercury diffusion pumps. During this process the
tubes with titanium getter were heated to 950-1000?C and the ampul with activated charcoal to 300?C.
Measurement of Xenon on Mass Spectrometer. It is impossible to measure an ultrasmall amount of fis-
sion products such as xenon isotopes on a commercial type mass spectrometer. It was necessary to recon-
struct the vacuum part to ensure steady vacuum conditions for the measurements. Two steel pipes filled with
SPN-3 getter were attached to the ends of the MI-1201 mass-spectrometer chamber. After heating to 600-700?C
(with evacuation by the diffusion pumps) the getter at room temperature ensures maintenance of the operating
vacuum conditions in the mass-spectrometer chamber for 3-4 h with the chamber valves closed. Before start-
ing a cycle of measurements the mass-spectrometer chamber had to be outgassed for at least 24 h, 3-5 h of
which were at 300?C.
Translated from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 389-391, December, 1979. Original article
submitted March 27, 1978.
0038-531X/'79/4706-1001$07.50 ?1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation 1001
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
5 6
Fig. 1. High-temperature vacuum furnace for
extracting xenon from solids: 1) high-vacuum
pump; 2) molybdenum screens; 3) thermo-
couple vacuum gauge; 4, 5) outlets to purifi-
cation and evacuation systems respectively; 6)
window for optical pyrometry; 7) multiply
charged structure; 8) heating elements; 9) water
cooling; 10) high-temperature heater; 11) tung-
sten-rhenium thermocouple; 12) cooled current
lead-ins.
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of high-vacuum
equipment for separating xenon: a) to high-
temperature furnace; b) to evacuation system;
c) to mass spectrometer.
The cooling systems for the vacuum traps and the electric and water supply systems of the mass spec-
trometer were reconstructed to ensure automatic around-the-clock vacuum pumping. The flow of liquid nitro-
gen into the mass spectrometer traps was regulated by a clockwork mechanism, a control system, and a com-
pressor which produced an overpressure in the Dewar flasks as commanded by the clockwork mechanism. The
sensitivity of the measurement of ion currents in the receiving end of the mass spectrometer was increased by
installing an open louver type electron multiplier which made it possible to measure ion currents from 1.5
10-13 to 1 -10-17 A. The background current of the multiplier was no more. than 2 ?10-18 A. The xenon back-
ground of a sample of a commercial mass spectrometer was lowered by a factor of 105: from approximately
10-9 to 10-14 em3 (- 105 atoms) in the closed chamber.
A metering device - a gas pipet - was attached to the vacuum chamber for continuous monitoring of the
sensitivity of the mass spectrometer and to determine the amount of xenon in the samples being studied. By
comparing the ion current in the mass spectrometer obtained from xenon from samples containing a known
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
amount of it with that from the pipet it was possible to calibrate the pipet, i.e., to calculate the amount of xenon
of atmospheric isotopic composition in it. In addition, by comparing the xenon ion current of the samples under
investigation with that of the pipet it was possible to calculate the amount of xenon in the sample under study.
In addition, the xenon in the pipet enables an estimate to be made of the mass discrimination in each experi-
ment: the systematic deviation of the measured isotopic ratios in atmospheric xenon of the pipet from tabu-
lated data - a measure of the isotopic mass discrimination of the instrument. In an MI-1201 mass spectrom-
eter it generally does not exceed 0.3% per amu.
The basic operating regime of the mass spectrometer scan is discrete. At most 11 isotopes are mea-
sured. The control automatically switches from one mass to, another, stopping at each mass for 2, 4, 8, or 16
sec depending on the program specified. This makes it possible to integrate the ion currents over a specified
time of 2 to 16 sec. The integration is performed on a PRM attachment which combines two functions : an
analog-to-digital converter and a discrete function integrator. The mass number of the isotope, the intensity,
and the running time are recorded on punched tape.
Processing of Experimental Results. In measuring an isotope of mass in in the output current from the
do amplifier is
I (m, t)_(Nimt-}-N,mt+.llmmt+Nimt)Kmt+Iot,
where Nimt is the number of ionized atoms of the isotope being measured; Nrmt is the number of ionized atoms
of isotope of mass m remaining in the mass-spectrometer chamber after evacuation stops; Nmmt is the num-
ber of ionized atoms of the isotope of mass in resulting from the "memory" effect; Nlmt is the number of
ionized atoms of mass m resulting from inleakage (quasistatic regime); Knit is the mass-spectrometer con-
version factor which depends on masses and varies with time as a result of instability of the fields of the in-
strument; Iot is the initial output current of the dc amplifier.
The value of Nrm depends on the degree of evacuation of the mass-spectrometer chamber; Nmm and Nlm
are zero at the instant of admission. Consequently, in order to determine a true isotopic ratio it is necessary
to measure all isotopes at t=0 (the time of admission). A series of measurement's of mass spectra is per-
formed, a correction to Iot is introduced, and the measured ion currents are extrapolated to the time of admis-
sion.
The time dependence of the ion currents can be approximated by an n-th degree polynomial equation.
Choosing the degree of the polynomial is a problem. A low-degree polynomial will give a crude description of
the physical process, and a high-degree polynomial will not smooth out the "noise" of the experiment. A rule
for choosing the optimum degree of the polynomial is given in [1].
The mass spectrometric information was processed by using a universal Nairi computer. Input infor-
mation was by the punched tape obtained from the output of the mass spectrometer. The program developed
includes : taking account of Iot, choosing the degree of the extrapolating polynomial, extrapolating the ion cur-
rents to time t=0, calculating the isotopic ratios; introducing a correction for the mass discrimination of the
instrument, and calculating the amount of xenon in the sample. The information is processed while the experi-
ment is in progress. The mean square error of the determination of the isotopic ratios of atmospheric xenon
(10-10 cm3 for an integration time of 8 sec and the recording of 10 mass spectra) is no worse than 0.3%.
This new variant of the mass spectrometric procedure is already in use in practice and can be employed
to solve various physical and engineering problems. From a knowledge of the isotopic composition the shape
of the fission fragment mass distribution curve in the range 129:!s A s 136 can be found for the spontaneous fis-
sion of nuclides with very long half-lives. The mass spectrometric procedure described for the isotopic
analysis of xenon can be used to search for hypothetical transuranium elements in nature [2]. The method
developed is used to search for traces and to investigate the manifestation of a chain process of the fission of
235w in nature [3], and for neutron dosimetry in the study of samples irradiated in a nuclear reactor [4].
By using the procedure developed it is possible from the content of xenon in the monitor and in the sam-
ples being investigated to perform an analytic determination of fissile nuclides. For a fission cross section of
102 b, a fluence of - 1019 neutrons/cm2, an amount of fissile nuclides _ 10-12 g can be determined with a rela-
tive error of - 15%. The error can be decreased to 3-5% if the amount of iodine or barium in the samples and
monitor is determined before irradiation. Then, simultaneously with xenon from fission 128Xe or 131Xe is
formed, and consequently the concentration of the fissile nuclide in the sample will be determined by the ratio
Xef/123Xe or Xef/131Xe in the sample and the monitor.
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LITERATURE CITED
1. D. Hudson, Statistics- for Physicists [Russian translation], Mir, Moscow (1967), p. 182.
2. G. Sh. Ashkinadze et al., Geokhimiya, No. 7, 851 (1972).
3. Yu. A. Shukolyukov and Vu Min'Dang, Geokhimiya, No. 12, 1763 (1977).
4. Yu. A. Shukolyukov, Ya. S. Kapusta, and A. B. Verkhovskii, Geokhimiya, No. 4, 572 (1979).
1004 1
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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
SOME ASPECTS OF THE USE OF LOW-TEMPERATURE
RADIATION IN NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS
OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
L. M. Mosulishvili and N. E. Kuchava UDC 543.53
During irradiation in reactor channels, biological specimens are subjected to the radiation effect of neu-
trons and y rays. Because of absorption of the energy of nuclear particles and y rays, there is a rise in the
temperature of the specimens and this contributes to the loss of some so-called volatile chemical elements
(bromine, iodine, arsenic, mercury, etc.) which constitute part of the biological materials. For this reason,
the results of activation analysis of biological specimens in respect of volatile elements can be reliable only
with the correct choice of irradiation conditions.
The heating of biological specimens during irradiation in a reactor core with a neutron-flux density of
-2 ? 1012 neutrons /cm2 ? sec was reported for the first time in [1]. It was shown that in the course of irradi-
ation of liquid biological specimens, their temperature may reach about 60?C. The possibility of cooling liquid
biological specimens with dry ice was considered in [2]. By irradiating the specimens at a neutron-flux den-
sity of -2 ? 1012 neutrons/cm2 ? sec, it was possible to extend the irradiation time to 13 h. A special system of
polyethylene containers, holding biological specimens enclosed in a thick layer of dry ice for neutron irradi-
ation, was proposed in [3]. These technical procedures made it possible to conduct low-temperature irradi-
ation of liquid biological specimens at a comparatively low neutron flux of about 1012 neutrons/cm 2 ? sec. For a
flux density of about 1013 neutrons/cm2 - sec, it was proposed in [4) that biological specimens be irradiated right
in a helium cryostat, thus ensuring low-temperature irradiation of biological specimens at a neutron-flux den-
sity of 2 ?1013 neutrons /cm2 ? sec for 5 h. Such technical procedures were used to prevent the loss of volatile
elements in the course of neutron irradiation of biological specimens. Clearly, the proposed methods of cool-
ing are insufficient for long low-temperature irradiation of biological specimens by using a comparatively high
neutron-flux density [> 5. 1013 neutrons/cm2. see]. In [5] the problem of cooling biological specimens during
irradiation with intensive neutron fluxes from a nuclear reactor was solved by using helium gas, cooled to the
temperature of liquid nitrogen, circulating in a closed system.
The present paper gives a detailed analysis of the individual stages in low-temperature irradiation of
biological specimens which were used in 1970 in a series of investigations on biological materials by the tech-
nique of instrumental neutron-activation analysis, conducted in the IRT-M reactor at the Institute of Physics,
Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR. It would be proper to pose the question: what temperature could be
produced by radiation heating in biological. specimens during irradiation? As shown by our experiments, this
temperature reaches about 300?C at a neutron-flux density of about 5 .10 ' 3 neutrons/cm 2 . sec. Figure 1 gives
the results of temperature measurements in one of the vertical channels of the reactor with a given design of
transport container holding the biological specimens (dry blood). The temperature was measured at two points
in the transport container, i.e., at the geometrical center and on the outer surface, by means of copper-Con-
stantan thermocouples. As is seen from Fig. 1, there is a temperature gradient from the center to the surface
of the transport container holding the specimens. The temperature shift on average is about 35?C at a power
,of 3 MW.
Figure 2 gives a schematic drawing of systems for cooling biological specimens placed in reactor core.
The technical specifications of this system are: working diameter of channel 20 mm, length 8000 mm, cooling
zone 600 mm, power 5 MW, helium-gas flow rate 50 m3/h, and liquid-nitrogen flow rate 60 liters/h. With a
given reactor operating cycle, a pressure difference of (0.2-0.3) .105 Pais maintained continuously. The de-
pendence of the temperature of the biological materials on the irradiation conditions in the cold channel is
illustrated in Fig. 3. The container with the specimens was charged into the channel with the reactor at zero
power, without helium circulating. During this time there is a slight increase in the temperature of the speci-
mens (time interval I in Fig. 3). Then the circulation of helium gas begins and the temperature begins to drop
Translated from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 392-393, December, 1979. Original article sub-
mitted March 12, 1979.
0038-531X/79/4706-1005$07.50 ?1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
0 1 2 3 4 N, MW
Fig. 1. Temperature of radiation heating of
biological specimens vs thermal power of
IRT-M nuclear reactor on surface (1) and in
center (2) of container: 0) experiment.
T
,
300
-
200
-
Core
2
J
30 90 150 210 270 t, min
Fig. 3
Fig. 2. Main units of vertical low-temperature system for cooling biological specimens during
irradiation: 1) loading channel; 2) specimen; 3) heat exchanger; 4) compressor; 5) gas holder;
a, b) low- and high-pressure valves.
Fig. 3. Temperature vs power of nuclear reactor.
sharply (zone II). For 25 to.30 min after the onset of the circulation of cold helium there is a sharp decrease
in the temperature of the specimens (zone III). Zone IV corresponds to the equilibrium temperature of the
specimens at a power of 1 MW. Zones V-VIII shown in Fig. 3 correspond to a reactor power of 2, 3, 4, and
5 MW, respectively. In zone IX there is an abrupt drop in the temperature of the specimens after the reactor
has been put into "zero power." Zone X corresponds to circulation of helium gas without cooling. The irradi-
ation cycle ends with the specimens being removed from the reactor core. As is seen from Fig. 3, with an in-
crease in the reactor power while the helium-gas flow rate remains at a constant given level, there is an in-
crease in the temperature of the irradiated biological specimens, reaching - 170?K at a reactor power of 5 MW.
Clearly, when biological specimens are irradiated in the temperature range from 80 to 170?K, the possibility
of volatilization of chemical elements is practically eliminated. This low-temperature arrangement makes it
possible to maintain a prefixed temperature range of irradiation of biological specimens at various reactor
powers by varying the speed at which cooled helium gas is circulated.
1. D. Brune, K. Samsahl, and P. Webster, Clin. Chim. Acta, 13, No. 3, 285 (1966).
2. D. Brune and K. Jirlow, Radiochim. Acta, 8 161 (1967).
3. D. Brune, Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, U. S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (1969),
p. 203.
4. D. Brune and H. Wenzl, Anal. Chem., 42, No. 4, 511 (1970).
5. E. L. Andronikashvili et al., in: Second Meeting on Use of New Nuclear-Physical Methods for Solving
Scientific-Technical and National Economic Problems [in Russian), Izd. OIYaI (Joint Institute for Nuclear
Research), Dubna (1976), p. 127.
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
BORON CONTROL OF WATER-MODERATED WATER-COOLED
POWER REACTOR DURING OPERATION UNDER VARIABLE LOADS
E. I. Ignatenko and Yu. N. Pytkin UDC 621.039.586
A system of boron control has been used in water-moderated water-cooled power reactor (VVER) units
to compensate for slow variations in the reactivity. [1]. The concentration of absorber in the coolant of the
main circulation loop (MCL) is changed by makeup with either a highly concentrated boric acid solution or
pure water (deionized) with simultaneous drainage of unbalanced water into drainage tanks through a throttling
device.
The method of exchanging water to change the concentration of boric acid in the coolant of the MCL
results in unbalanced water, containing radioactive products, accumulating in the drainage tanks. Treatment
of the drainage water in order to extract boric acid for reuse or storage and purification from radioactive pro-
ducts in special equipment requires expenditures and leads to contamination of the premises and the environ-
ment. The liquid radioactive wastes which are obtained during the treatment and whose activity and quantity
are determined to a great extent by the operating conditions of the atomic power plant should be stored in spec-
ial containers.
The VVER-440 units in service in the Soviet Union as well as in other countries are operated mainly on
a load basis. Under these conditions, the volume of drainage water (including unorganized seepage) in the time
between rechargings is about 1500 m3. Data on the operation of the Kol'sk Atomic Power Plant show that the
rates at which containers for storing liquid radioactive wastes are higher than those projected. When the
atomic power plant has variable operating conditions [2, 3], the volume of the water drained systematically
from the MCL increases more than tenfold. This results in a growth of the total activity of the gaseous-aero-
sol discharges into the atmosphere and a deterioration of the radiation conditions in the production premises.
The technique of making a reversible change in the boric acid content in the coolant of the MC L on the
basis of utilization of the properties of ion-exchange resins, does not fully resolve the problem. Its use is
coupled with a considerable quantity of high-activity wastes obtained during the regeneration and replacement
of the spent resins. For a reversible change in the boric acid concentration in the MCL coolant in a closed
cycle within limits sufficient to prevent transient poisoning with 135Xe during operation of an atomic power plant
during the variable-load part of the schedule a more promising technique is that of using a special apparatus
(Fig. 1). The principal elements of the apparatus are an evaporator (with electric heaters) and a condenser
which at the same time act as volume compensators. In the evaporator, because of the evaporation there is a
build-up of a highly concentrated boric acid solution which, when necessary, is fed into the MCL through the
adjustable valves. The volume of water in the evaporator is compensated by the inflow of coolant from the
MC L through the check valve which protects the electric heaters from overheating when the level in the eva-
porator drops suddenly. Water without absorber enters the MCL as a result of the condensation of water vapor
formed in the evaporator on jets of "cold" water during operation of the spray tower of the condenser. A
back-up pump has been provided on the feed line for coolant to the evaporator and condenser in order to in-
crease the rate of change of boric acid in the MCL with part of the MCL cut off.
In order to determine what rating the electric heaters of the condenser must have to prevent transient
poisoning of the reactor core with 135Xe when the power unit of the atomic power plant is operating under
variable-load conditions, we carried out the necessary calculations. The operating conditions of the atomic
power plant with daily unloading from nominal power to 30% and to zero were studied as well as the possibility
of restoring the power to the nominal value at any moment of time.
The calculations were carried out for a fixed fuel charge in the VVER-440, for 7200 effective hours. The
neutron-physical characteristics of the reactor and their variation during the fuel cycle were found by calcu-
lation [4, 5] as well as in experiments on the power units of the first department of the Kol'sk Atomic Power
Plant. The calculations took account of the presence of a controlling group of assemblies in the reactor core
and the change in the coolant temperature with a reduction of power.
Translated from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 393-394, December, 1979. Original article sub-
mitted April 7, 1978.
0038-531X/79/4706-1007$07.50 ? 1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation 1007
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7
24
7 ' I 0 D2 0,4 0,6 0,8 Fuel cycle, rel. units
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
Fig: 1. Apparatus for reversible change of boric acid content in MCL coolant in a closed
cycle: 1) main circulation pump (MCP); 2) adjustable valves.; 3) check valve; 4) elec-
tric heater; 5) evaporator; 6) spray towers; 7) feed pipe for water vapor from evaporator
to condenser; 8) condenser; 9) back-up pump; 10) reactor.
Fig. 2. Calculated power of electric heaters of evaporator at various moments in the
fuel cycle.
Figure 2 gives the results of calculation of the necessary power of the electric heaters in the evaporator,
at various moments in the burn-up cycle with daily power control, of the power unit over the ranges from 100%
to 0 (1) and from 100 to 30% (2),. The character of the curves shows that in the first case the appropriate power
of the electric heaters of the evaporator is about 10 MW and in the second case it is 4-5 MW. The calculations
were carried out with a margin since no allowance was made for reduction of the reactor power with finite
speed and the possibility of the power units being unloaded to the level of intrinsic needs during the daily shut-
downs.
The fundamental. poss ibility of the proposed apparatus being employed to vary the boric acid content in
the MCL coolant was verified experimentally on the volume-compensation system of a VVER-440 unit of the
Kol'sk Atomic Power Plant. During the operation of the power unit, a boric acid concentration of 20 g/kg was
attained in the volume compensator as a result of the operation of the electric heaters and the discharge of
water vapor into a bubbler.
LITERATURE CITED
1. V. A. Sidorenko, Problems of Safe Operation of VVER Reactors [in Russian], Atomizdat, Moscow (1977).
2. A. V. Bakanov, At. Tekh. Rubezhom, No. 6, 4 (1975).
3. V. A. Sidorenko, At. Energ., 43, No. 5, 333 (1977).
4. V. N. Semenov, Preprint IEA-2157, Moscow (1971).
5. D. M. Petrunin,. E. D. Belyaeva, and I. L. Kireeva, Preprint IA-t-2,518, Moscow (1975).
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
OPTIMIZATION OF PROBE DEVICE
FOR SELECTIVE y- y BOREHOLE LOGGING
D. K. Galimbekov and B. E. Lukhminskii UDC 550.835:539.125.52
The probe device proposed in [1] for selective y-y borehole logging (GGBL-S), of a special type with a
slit collimator for the source, ensures determination of the effective atomic number Ze of rocks and permits
the interfering effect of their varying density p to be eliminated. Tests with this device showed that account
must be taken of the interfering effect of microcaverns or of the gap h between the device and the borehole
wall over cavern-bearing segments of the shaft.
In the present paper we consider the problem of optimizing a two-probe device (GGBL) consisting of the
channel of GGBL-S and a y-ray profilometer (GP), measuring h (Fig. 1).
The initial system of equations for finding Ze and h with account for the possible interference between
the channels is of the form
J, = It (P, Ze, h, Gi) + e, (p, 7e, h, G); (1)
'f2-= 12 (P, Ze, h, G2) +E2 (P, Ze, h, G),
where J1 and J2 are the total readings of the GGBL-S and GP channels, respectively; E1 and e2 are perturbations
caused in the channels by the radiation field of the neighboring channel; I1 and 12 are the fluxes of the recorded
radiation, bearing the principal information about the measured parameters of the rock; G1 and G2 are the sets
of variable parameters of the construction of the GGBL-S and GP channels' in the space of the parameters G.
Optimization comes down to finding the set of parameters which ensures the maximum of the vector
objective function 71(G), chosen to be the sensitivity to the measured parameter in each channel, i.e.,
Ze
TI(G*)=max I AAil
G 1 AJ2 (2)
J2 I Ale
We prescribe an allowable level of interfering factors
if AJ, I AJ,
J, I AV I J, I Ah. 1/bu s,2
1 AJ2 1 AJ2 (62 1 622 (3)
JZ I AV I J2 I AZ,
where Sij is a small quantity limiting the effect of the j-th interfering factor on the reading of the i-th channel.
It is required that the interference of the channels with each other not exceed a prescribed level g (e.g.,
?2
Constraints (3) and (4) should be complemented with the conditions
P, CP 0.1%, nMo^-0.01%, nFe^-0.005%.
Gas-discharge purification of the walls is now employed in the machine (p = 8 .10-2 Pa hydrogen, f = 2 kHz,
W= 1 kW, discharge duration 10 msec at 2 Hz, longitudinal field 103 G). The main conclusion arrived at by the
authors of the Soviet paper on various methods of chamber purification was that flow discharge is an extremely
convenient and effective method.
One U.S. paper considered the effect that the evolution of the current profile has on the plasma-wall
interaction. Although many details of the study remain unclear, the possibility of controlling the entry of im-
purities into plasma is extremely interesting and useful in the adjustment of new systems.
Some of the papers were devoted to the theoretical and experimental study of diverter systems. In a
paper, researchers from the Kurchatov Institute presented results of calculations of the magnetic configuration
of the bundle-diverter of a special design making it possible to reduce the current in the diverter windings. At
the same time, however, the bumpiness of the toroidal field increases in the vicinity and this may result in
additional loss of heat and particles. As shown by estimates, the losses may be small because of the radial
electric field. Another paper by researchers from the Kurchatov Institute reported on the results of experi-
Translated from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 428-429, December, 1979.
0038-531X/79/4706-1057 $07.50 ?1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation
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mental studies of the stability of the magnetic configuration by a poloidal divertor with two zero points. The
stability region found by the authors apparently is the consequence of the concrete relation between the incre-
ment in instability and the duration of the discharge. In a paper, workers of the Institute of High Temperatures
of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1VTAN) considered the dynamics of particles in a divertor layer in the
case of strong circulation. It was found that the temperature of the plasma in the divertor layer could decrease
appreciably because of intensification of circulation. A paper, from the Kurchatov Institute on the possible use
of a stream of incident microshells on the plasma boundary as a diaphragm showed that such a method permits
a reduction in the average thermal load on the diaphragm elements by an order of magnitude. Such a diaphragm
can perf orm some of the functions of a divertor. One U.S. paper was devoted to contamination of plasma in
INTOR. With the use of silicon carbide coatings on the walls, one might expect insignificant contamination of
the plasma for 20-30 sec. A lively discussion was aroused by the opinion that it will be possible to do without
a divertor in this device. This subject, however, requires careful theoretical and experimental substantiation.
Several papers presented by Soviet researchers were devoted to the currently intensively studied inter-
action of fast atoms with various materials, as applied to the problem of the first wall of thermonuclear reac-
.tors. A report was given on an experimental investigation of the mechanism of the formation of streams of
atoms which could enter the plasma [Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MIFI)) and on the study of the
reflection of light and heavy ions with an energy of 3-30 keV from a stainless-steel surface; the study was
carried out on the Iris machine (Kurchatov Institute). The first results were given from the study of gas
liberation from zirconium hydride in the course of ion bombardment as a function of the temperature and
vacuum conditions (MIFI). A study was made of the influence of the technology of surface treatment on the
scattering process. An original technique was presented for determining the diffusion coefficient and the acti-
vation energy of deuterium occluded in molybdenum (MIFI).
An interesting U.S. paper gave the latest results from studies on the resistance of various materials to
high specific thermal loads, The experiments were conducted with a 10-keV electron beam with a power of
180 MW/m2. The. results permit carbides of materials with a low z (e.g., TiC-C) or various types of graphite
to be recommended as a material for the diaphragm. A U.S. paper on the results of studies on the properties
of low-z coatings showed that a coating of TiB2 on a graphite base is satisfactory. As a result, a design was
developed for a diaphragm in which a 35-?m TiB2 layer is deposited on a graphite substrate. A diaphragm of
this kind has been installed in the ISX-B machine and one will be built in the PDX machine. Similar topics
were discussed in papers by researchers from the I.V. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy and the Institute
of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (IFKh AN SSSR). In their opinion, a solution to
the problem of the first wall is to produce a renewable coating of titanium sputtered onto stainless steel and to
develop shields to bear the radiation and thermal loads.
The meeting considered unipolar arcs as possible sources of impurities. As shown by the discussion of
results,. there still some contradictions in experimental results obtained in various tokamaks and the avail-
able theory cannot explain certain effects. Further studies on this problem are, therefore, desirable.
On the.whole, the work of the meeting showed that a great deal of attention is being devoted in the Soviet
Union and the United States to plasma-wall interaction.
1058
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SECOND MEETING OF INTERNATIONAL WORKING
GROUP ON INTOR
V. I. Pistunovich and G. E. Shatalov
The meeting took place in Vienna, Austria, in June and July, 1979. Its work was organized so that mate=
terials on the physicotechnical foundations of INTOR - prepared by the participants of the working group in
their own countries - could be compared, the differences on each of the topics discussed could be established,
and subjects for further investigations could be designated. Experts from Euratom, the Soviet Union, and the
United States were the first to take part in discussions on some of the topics.
In order to achieve a more logical structure in the report on INTOR for the International Council on
Thermonuclear Research, the aforementioned topics were grouped into more general sections: plasma, mag-
nets and power, the blanket and tritium, engineering problems, and safety and the environment.
Much attention was devoted to the discussion of the basic parameters of INTOR, with a more detailed
discussion of its technical purposes and its place in the controlled fusion program. In the tokamak program,
INTOR is intermediate between the devices of the next generation (T-15, TFTR, JT-60, JET) and the demon-
stration power reactor (DEMO) for the generation of electricity. In view of this, it was recognized that it
should be somewhat larger than an engineering-technological reactor. In accordance with the definition of
INTOR as the maximum reasonable step beyond the generation of physical devices, the main objectives were
formulated.
1. The operating mode should be close to that of a power reactor. This means ignition of the thermo-
nuclear reaction in DT plasma, duration of working pulses no less than 100 sec, neutron load on first wall no
less than 1 MW/m2, and an off-duty factor of no more than 30% between working pulses.
2. The basic technological solutions appropriate for a reactor should be used in INTOR: superconduc-
tors in toroidal and poloidal coils, a divertor for ensuring a steady-state burn of the thermonuclear reaction,
means of monitoring the power balance in the plasma, auxiliary heating systems, a closed tritium plasma
column, a technology for maintenance by remote control, and vacuum technology.
3. INTOR should be provided with blanket modules for engineering tests on: the technology of produc-
ing and extracting tritium from the blanket, structural designs of elements, the technology of a blanket for si-
multaneous production of tritium and electricity, materials for radiation resistance, and solutions concerning
plasma control and monitoring.
4. INTRO should demonstrate: the possibility of producing electricity in a thermonuclear reactor and
breeding tritium, the capability of the thermonuclear reactor for stable and prolonged operation, and a max-
imum load coefficient of up to 50%.
These objectives can be carried out in three stages. The first would comprise three years of work with
a load coefficient of 10-20%, at first with hydrogen plasma and then with DT plasma, along with the develop-
ment of operating modes and demonstration of the production of electricity. The second stage would consist
of four years of operation with a 25% load, execution of engineering tests on various blanket modules for
tritium production, joint production of tritium and electricity, materials testing, as well as alternative solu-
tions for heating and monitoring the plasma. The third stage would cover five years of operation at 50% load
for testing the entire facility under conditions close to power conditions, testing the life of materials, and
verifying alternative proposals for the production of a considerable quantity of tritium.
Alternative possibilities which could alter the objectives and parameter of INTOR are to be considered
by the end of 1979:
increasing the production of tritium to half or all of the quantity required;
increasing the scale of electricity production to 50 MW (E) or reaching a positive electrical balance;
Translated from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 429-430, December, 1979.
0038-531X/79/4706-1059 $07.50 ?1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation
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Increasing the specific load of the reactor and the total neutron load to 5 MW. yr/m2.
The indicated alternative objectives bring the INTOR closer to the DEMO reactor which should produce
electricity, produce enough tritium for its operation, and demonstrate the efficiency of the design as a proto-
type of a commercial reactor.
It is expected that INTOR will go into operation in 1990. The physical problems for DEMO can be expec-
ted to be solved by 1993, the testing of the blanket and the solution of the engineering problems of the thermo-
nuclear reactor, which are necessary for its construction, should be completed by 1997, and materials testing,
by 2002. It would thus go into operation In 2005 or later.
The meeting drew up the first (working) version of a composite report on INTOR and tables of the rec-
ommended parameters. New special questions on each topic were formulated and the answers should be pre-
pared for the third meeting. By that time an estimate should be made of the cost of INTOR and the required
human resources and construction schedule should be established.
By decision of the IAEA the work of the international working group has been extended to June 1980. It
is envisaged that in 1980 the group will begin drawing up a predraft conceptual project. In the opinion of the
members of the Supervisory Committee, this work can be organized through the staffs of the institutes of the
participating countries without setting up a special project group.
The third meeting of the International Working Group will be held in October, 1979.
The conference, which was held in Geneva, Switzerland, in June and July, 1979, was attended by more
than 820 researchers. The program comprised five sections: neutrino physics, electron-positron collisions
at high energies, charged leptons, hadron interactions, and problems of theory. Review papers were presented
at the plenary sessions by 17 rapporteurs and 52 invited speakers.
The PETRA colliding electron-positron beam accelerator at Hamburg, Federal German Republic,
reached a particle energy of 27.8 GeV in the c.m. frame of reference. In the near future this will be in-
creased to 32 GeV. This accelerator is being used to look for a new t quark whose mass is estimated at 14-
15 GeV as well as to study decays of families of v particles with a mass of - 9.5-10 GeV. Within the frame-
work of quark-gluon concepts, v mesons are a bound state of a b quark and a b antiquark in much the same
way as the family of J/zt particles is a bound state of c quark and a c antiquark, while a W meson is a bound
state of an s quark and an s antiquark. Let us recall that a proton and a neutron area bound state of three
light quarks, u, u, d and d, d, u, respectively. The heavy quarks s, c, b have a nonzero strangeness, charm,
and color. Interaction between quarks takes place through an octet of gluons. As a result of an interaction
with a large momentum transfer, the presence of quarks and gluons results in the occurrence of a_jet of
hadrons, strongly interacting particles. The study of the decay of the v particle, possessing a "latent color,"
revealed decays into three jets. If it is assumed that jets are caused by gluons (nonunique interpretation),
then they have a spin of 1, as was expected theoretically. An intensive search is being made for the t quark
but at the time of the conference the search has not been successful.
In a pion beam with an energy of 150-176 GeV in CERN reseachers found a narrow resonance in the sys-
tem J/t, -K-7r. This points to the existence of particles with a mass of about 5.3 GeV with explicit charm.
Such a particle can be formed as the result of the decay of new particles with the quark structure (bu)- and
(bd)?. At Stanford, California, researchers are studying the spectroscopy of the family of Job particles on the
PEP colliding electron-positron beams. In the latest experiments, use has been made of a new, highly effec-
tive technique, i.e., a y-ray detector which consists of a large number of counters incorporating sodium io-
date-crystals (crystalline sphere). As a result, a new picture of levels of charmonium, a bound system of c
and c quarks, has been established. The existence of triplet P states has been confirmed while the existence
of single states of c and c quarks. Investigation of the MARK II facility revealed the existence of rare non-
Translated from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 430-431, December, 1979.
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leptonic decays of charmed D mesons, which marks the beginning of a new, deeper study of the properties of
charmed particles. By the end of 1979 work should be completed at Stanford on the construction of PEP, a
new accelerator facility with electron andpositron beams with an energy of 36 GeV in the c.m. frame.
In the past two years experimental evidence has been obtained for the existence of a series of bound
states ("narrow resonances") of the pp system with a mass of 1.94, 2.02, and 2.2 GeV. Some of the new ex-
periments, whose tentative results were discussed at the conference, have not confirmed their existence. The
new experiments were conducted in the antiproton beam at Brookhaven and in the pion beam at CERN. The
investigations are being continued and the final result will be obtained when the data of all experiments has
been analyzed.
A large research program is being conducted with high-energy neutrinos as well as on the physics of
weak interactions. Research on neutrino beams is being done by using hybrid facilities: a pellicle stack as a
triggering detector, a bubble chamber for target indication, and an electronic part for identification of mesons.
Several events of the creation of charmed hyperons have been reliably identified by this technique and measure-
ments have been made of their lifetime, which is about 7.10 13 sec.
A small bubble chamber that has gone into service at CERN has a high repetition rate, 20 expansions per
second, with a high spatial rarefaction (-15 pm according to the design), allowing it to be used as a triggering
detector for interactions.
The overall result of research on neutral currents in weak interactions comes down to the validity of a
variant of the unified Weinberg-Salam theory, and the sole parameter of the theory, i.e., the Weinberg angle,
is determined very accurately as sine 9W =0.23 ? 0.015. The next important step, if this theory is valid, is
that of detecting the weak-interaction carrier, the Z? boson, with a mass of 88.7 GeV/sect. The process of
neutrino splitting of the deuteron, Ve +D-ve +p +n, has been observed for the first time. The first neutrino
experiment for verifying the multiplicative law of lepton conservation has been conducted on the linear proton
accelerator as Los Alamos.
Considerable time at the conference was devoted to deep-inelastic processes with the participation of
high-energy neutrinos. In the quark-parton picture these processes occur on quarks which are effectively free
for the square of the momentum transfer Q2 > 0.3 GeV/sec 12. The structure functions of nucleons are linear
combinations of the quark density in the nucleon with infinite momentum. Experimental data on neutrino pro-
cesses along with data on inelastic scattering of high-energy electrons make it possible to obtain data about
the structure functions of nucleons. An important place was occupied by data obtained by Soviet researchers
on the observation of parity nonconsevation effects in heavy atoms in complete agreement with the Weinberg-
Salam theory.
The conference discussed hadron collisions at high energies. The data on such processes (both hadronic
and leptonic) with a large momentum transfer are interpreted within the framework of the quark-gluon pic-
ture (quantum chromodynamics). Processes with the formation of a jet of particles, detailed analysis of the
change in the value of the transferred momentum as a function of the incident-particle energy and charge and
other correlations in the particle jets, and the "broadening" of one particle jet as the result of gluon brems-
strahlung are in qualitative agreement with quantum chromodynamics. However, the main theoretical prob-
lems of the confinement of quarks in hadrons remain unresolved.
Some of the papers were devoted to the polarization (spin) effects at high energies. From the point of
view of the quark-parton picture, particular attention is being paid to spin effects at a high momentum trans-
fer. Researchers at the Argonne National Laboratory, U.S.A., studied the scattering of polarized 6-GeV neu-
trons (12-GeV deuterons) by polarized protons, and measured the polarization correlations. The polarization
of hyperons at high energies, when the polarization of the protons in the beam is small, proved to be unex-
pectedly high. It is proposed not only to continue investigations on spin effects but also to use polarized hy-
pe ron beams for exact measurement of the magnetic moments of hyperons, which is of interest from the pc int
of view of the quark structure of hyperons. From this point of view much attention was devoted to processes
of hadron collisions with a small momentum transfer, where the main part of the total interaction cross sec-
tions is concentrated. In some cases the laws governing the interactions can be comprehended at the quark
level.
In their papers, researchers from the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR) gave the results of ex-
periments performed jointly by the JINR and the Fermilab on jet targets. These results were also the subject
of two theoretical papers which considered the processes of the diffraction dissociation of protons. Consider-
able attention was devoted to the results of studies on the dissociation of pions by nuclei on the basis of JINR-
CERN magnetic spark spectrometer.
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The 25th anniversary of CERN provided an opportunity at the conference to discuss forthcoming research
and plans for the construction of such large new facilities as the LEP large electron and positron accelerator
with a center-of-mass energy of - 80-200 GeV. The objective of forthcoming studies is to verify attempts to
elaborate a unified theory of weak and electromagnetic, weak, and electromagnetic and strong interactions.
By 1981 CERN should have completed the construction of an antiproton storage ring, an accelerator facility
with protons and antiprotons at a center-of-mass energy of 540 GeV and an emittance of 1030 cm-2. sec'1.
Goals of the first priority are the detection of the Z? meson, the study of processes with large transfers, and
the search for the formation of new particles.
In theoretical schemes unifying hadrons and leptons into one family, transitions between them are al-
lowed. Thus, the proton also turns out to be an unstable particle. As a result of the weakness of the inter-
action, the lifetime of the proton is estimated at 1030-31yr. Notwithstanding the great difficulties In carrying
out the search for proton decays, two experiments are being prepared for recording scintillation or Cherenkov
flashes in 10,000 tons of water.
SECOND INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON HIGH-ENERGY
PHYSICS AND FIELD THEORY
The seminar, which was held in Protvino in July, 1979, was attended by some 100 Soviet and foreign
,workers in the field of the theoretical foundations of the microcosm and the mathematics for the description
of effects which occur in the interaction of energetic elementary particles.
The participants were representatives of many Soviet scientific centers, in particular the Institute of
High-Energy Physics (IVFE), the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), the P. N. Lebedev Institute of
Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (FIAN), the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics
(ITEF), Moscow State University, etc. Foreign scientific laboratories were represented by theoretical physi-
cists from the German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Italy, and CERN.
The seminar heard more than 40 review papers and original communications on key problems of the
theoretical physics of elementary particles and their interaction. The main topics discussed at the seminar
touched on the most topical areas of study in the physics of the microcosm: gauge field theories, including
quantum chromodynamics, the exact consequences of the global principles of field theory, the symmetry prop-
erties of elementary particles, various models of the field theory, and phenomenology. Much attention was
paid to gravitation theory and the supersymmetry approach as well as to the development of the mathematics
of present-day theoretical physics. Considerable time was devoted to discussion.
The seminar was fruitful and made it possible for the participants to exchange information about the
latest advances in particle physics as well as to broad contacts among various scientific centers.
In view of the fact that high-energy physics is enjoying vigorous development at the present time, hold-
ing such seminars is a necessity for successful research and for getting information at an opportune time about
current scientific work and about the prospects of investigations. This is why the international seminar at the
IFVE was conceived as an annual event and the success it has enjoyed in the past two years undoubtedly con-
firms the desirability of continuing with it.
Translated from Atomnaya. Energiya, Vol. 47, No. 6, p. 431, December, 1979.
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The meeting was held at the Swiss Institute of Nuclear Research in June, 1979, with the participation
of some 100 specialists, including invited delegates from the United States, Canada, and Japan. About one-
third of the papers (24) were read while the remainder (43) were presented on posters.
Analyzing the contents of the papers and the discussion, one can make the following conclusions.
1. Enormous interest has been aroused by the start-up of the largest isochronous cyclotron., the U-400,
at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) which will yield high-intensity beams of heavy ions.
2. The latest generation of cyclotrons (with separated magnets) have been operating satisfactorily. The
most successful has been the complex of cyclotrons at Willigen, Switzerland, where a proton beam has been
obtained with an energy of 600 MeV and an intensity of 100 pA with a 99.9% coefficient of extraction from the
last cyclotron. With such small losses the intensity can be increased to 1-2 mA and a new circular cyclotron-
injector with a higher intensity is being developed at the Swiss institure for this purpose. It is to be put into
operation in 1982, raising the power of the beam from the meson factory to 1 MW. Such an accelerator can be
used not only as a meson factory but also as a neutron factory. A further increase in the coefficient of beam
extraction from the cyclotron (up to 100%) can be achieved by the method of expanding orbits, proposed and
studied at the JINR under V. P. Dmitrievskii.
The second accelerator of this generation, the TRIUMF cyclotron at Vancouver, Canada, also produces
an external beam of protons with an energy of 500 MeV and an intensity of up to 120 pA for short periods. But
the losses at high energy because of the electrical dissociation of negative hydrogen ions in a magnetic field
cause a residual induced radioactivity, thus not allowing such beams to be accelerated for a long time. There-
fore, in this case it is proposed to bunch ions in order to obtain short but powerful neutron bursts in a lead
target surrounded by heavy water. Further plans call for an increase in the energy (but not the intensity) in
order to produce a K-meson factory. For this purpose it is proposed to build one more cascade (a circular
cyclotron or synchrotron with a high repetition rate).
The VICKSI cyclotron (West Berlin), operating an argon and krypton ions, uses a 6-MW electrostatic ac-
celerator as an injector. The GANIL complex of cyclotrons under construction at Caen, France, will consist
of two large cyclotrons with separated magnets and two small cyclotron-injectors.
3. Much attention is being paid to cyclotrons of the new generation, with superconducting magnetic wind-
ings. Although some difficulties were encountered with the start-up of the first such cyclotron at the Univer-
sity of Michigan in the United States, primarily because of the necessity to introduce a large number of ele-
ments into the cryostat and to lead them out of it (e.g., ion source), there is confidence that the first beam will
be obtained early in 1980. At Chalk River, Canada, magnetic measurements are being conducted and research
pursued on an rf system for a second such cyclotron. Moreover, new projects are making their appearance,
two of them in the Federal German Republic. At Munich, studies are being made on the possibility of con-
structing a cyclotron with four separate superconducting magnets with a field of 5.5 T in a sector. With the
Munich laboratory's 13-MV tandem, which is to be used as an injector, the cyclotron willbe capable of ac-
clerating light ions to 300 MeV/nucleon and uranium ions to 25 MeV/nucleon. Two problems have arisin in
the construction of the cyclotron. The first concerns attainment of the required radial dependence of the av-
erage field in the injection region. As shown by estimates, the required field profile can be obtained only at
double the radius and ways and means of shimming are now being sought. It may be that this problem has no
solution; this is the fundamental problem of such cyclotrons with separated magnets. The other problem is that
because of the regulation of the finite energy of the ions (from 300 to 25 MeV/nucleon), it is necessary to vary
the growth of the average field at the final radius by 1.3 T and powerful correction windings are necessary
for this.
At Julich, Federal German Republic, a project has been prepared for a complex consisting of two cyclo-
trons with continuous superconducting magnets. The complex resembles the one built at the University of
Translated from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 432-433, December, 1979.
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Michigan but with an important addition: instead of an internal source use will be made of an external micro-
wave source employing electron-cyclotron resonance. Uranium ions are to be accelerated to 100 MeV/nu-
cleon and light ions, to 250 MeV/nucleon. -
In the United States, in addition to those cyclotrons already under construction, there are several pro-
posals for the construction of cyclotrons with superconducting magnet windings.
4. The desire to increase the energy of heavy ions in a cyclotron has resulted in intensive studies on
new types of sources of ions with high charges. One of them, which is being developed more and more, is a
microwave-heated plasma source employing electroncylotron resonance. The best results have been obtained
in Grenoble, France, with sources in a stand version. But others of a similar type as applied to the cyclotron
are already being developed: at Louvain, Belgium, and Karlsruhe, Federal German Republic.
Penning-type sources are continuing to be optimized and improved. For example, a modified source
for obtaining 12C4+ ions according to the scheme used in the source of the cyclotron at the I. V. Kurchatov
Institute of Atomic Energy is being developed at the CERN. synchrocyclotron: this will be a source of the
straight-channel type, with a collimated plasma-column diameter, high power (30 A, 1000 V) introduced into
the plasma in a discharge pulse, and a high density of plasma power ensuring formation of multiply charged
ions with a high density. According to plans, 1011 12C4+ ions per second in the external beam of the synchro-
cyclotron with an energy of 85 MeV/nucleon would be attained in 1979.
5. Acceleration of intermediate ions (lithium and beryllium), which have properties not possessed by
light and heavy ions, is becoming of increasing importance with each year. This is indicated, e.g., by the fact
that in 1965 lithium ions were accelerated in only one cyclotron (Kurchatov Institute), in 1970 in one more,
'at Berkeley (California), and in 1979, in seven at Karlsruhe, Harwell (Britain), the Universities of Texas and
Indiana (U.S.A.), and Dresden (German Democratic Republic) and was planned at several others. Multiply
charged lithium ions are obtained in various ways. The most efficient is the method employed at the Kurchatov
Institute, with an internal straight-channel source of the crucible type. In respect of intensity of the external
beam of lithium ions, this cyclotron surpasses others. The only other cyclotrons, besides the one at the
Kurchatov Institute, which are used to accelerate beryllium ions are Berkeley (similar in intensity) and at
Texas U. (intensity two orders of magnitude lower).
6. The application of cyclotrons is expanding, especially in medicine (cancer therapy, radiography, pro-
duction of isotopes for medical purposes). Particular attention is being paid to the production of 123I. Large
quantities of this isotope are produced even in such unique accelerators as the meson factories at the Swiss
Institute (in part of the external beam of the cyclotron-injector with a proton energy of 72 MeV) and in Van-
couver. It is also obtained in large quantities in the cyclotrons at Louvain, Julich, and Karlsuhe. In Julich,
it is produced inthe reaction127I(d, 6n)123Xe(Ji+; e-capture)123I with a deuteron energy of 78 MeV. The 124Te(p,
2n)123I reaction is used in more compact cyclotrons. The interest in 1231 stems from the fact that the 1311 ob-
tained in reactors and also used for medical purposes is more than 50 times worse in respect of dose of radia-
tion for the patients.
7. The meeting discussed various aspects of the technique of designing, constructing, tuning up, and op-
erating cyclotrons. Great interest was taken in the new method of measuring the energy of ions by utilizing
their recombination in a beam of electrons of known energy, first proposed at the Kurchatov Institute.
It was decided that the next European meeting on cyclotrons will be held in 1980 at Karlsruhe (Federal
German Republic).
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BOOK REVIEWS
PENETRATION OF A FIELD INTO PLASMA*
In the past two decades many publications have dealt with the penetration of a varying electromagnetic
field into plasma. With each day it becomes more difficult to cope with the flood of information. At the same
time, there is little review literature, especially monographs on this area of physics. However, whereas in
the case of weakly inhomogeneous plasma these topics have been treated at least in part, there are no such
monographs in the case of highly inhomogeneous plasma as well as in the case when the effects at a sharp
boundary are taken into account. This gap is filled to a great extent by this book, written by an eminent spe-
cialist on wave propagation in highly inhomogeneous media. The monograph covers diverse aspects of field
penetration and wave transformation at the boundary of both isotropic and magnetically active plasma in the
hydrodynamic and kinetic approximations.
The book expounds a large volume of factual material: wave transformation (transformation of trans-
verse into longitudinal waves) in semibound plasma and plasma layers under the condition of weak and strong
spatial dispersion, with and without a constant magnetic field, and in a strongly and weakly inhomogeneous
plasma; the penetration, reflection, and absorption of electromagnetic waves with nonresonance frequencies
from moving plasma into plasma at rest, under the conditions of normal and anomalous skin effect. In great
measure the author has succeeded by reducing the intermediate calculations which he presented in great de-
tail in his earlier. book "Plasma Waveguides."
The author devotes considerable attention to the exposition of the physical essence of the effects con-
sidered so that the book can be useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students specializing in plasma physics
and related fields. The composition of the monograph is felicitous. From simple: effects, which are expounded
with the aid of hydrodynamic description in plasma without a magnetic field, the author gradually goes on to
more complicated effects on spatial dispersion. The last chapter is somewhat separate from the main con-
tents but is not at all extraneous since it provides an essential complementation to earlier review publications
with results on the transformation of low-frequency waves in weakly inhomogeneous plasma which differs
significantly from the transformation of high-frequency waves.
The following comments should be made: there is a dearth of graphical material, no references are
given to experimental papers, and insufficient coverage is given to studies on the interaction of radiation with
.moving plasma. In the next edition the author should take this into account and expand somewhat on the sub-
jects discussed.
The monograph is useful and necessary both for further development of the theory of plasma and to an
even greater extent in connection with the numerous applications of plasma physics.' Radiofrequency and laser
heating, radio communication, diagnostics of plasma and semiconductors, and diffraction on plasma formations
are far from a complete catalog of the areas in which the conclusions of the theory of wave penetration and
transformation are used effectively.
*Atomizdat, Moscow (1979).
Translated from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 47, No. 6, p. 433, December, 1979.
0038-531X/79/4706-1065$07.50 ?1980 Plenum Publishing 0c poration
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T. Cowling
MAGNETIC HYDRODYNAMICS*
B. P. Maksimenko
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD),.conceived in the domains of geophysics and astrophysics, is .now develop-
ing rapidly and has been finding increasing application in various areas of science and engineering. The ob-
ject of study are liquid or gaseous conducting media and their behavior in a magnetic field. The range of ap-
plications of MHD includes both space and astrophysical problems (the sun, stars, outer space, interstellar
plasma) as well as purely "terrestrial" applications in which use is made of hydrodynamic effects (studies
on the problem of controlled thermonuclear fusion with magnetic confinement of plasma, MHD generators,
MHD pumps, etc.). In connection with this it is timely and opportune that we have a second, substantially re-
vised edition and supplemented edition of a book whose author is one of the leading specialists in this field.
The primary objective of the books is to present the foundations of MHD. The choice of material as well
the order of. presentation have been subordinated to this objective.
In the first chapter, which is devoted to the principles of MHD, Cowling formulates the fundamental con-
cepts, gives the initial electromagnetic and hydrodynamic equations, and presents the electromagnetic con-
sequences stemming from those equations. In the second chapter, which deals with magnetic hydrostatics, he
considers problems of magnetostatic equilibrium and instability. The conditions for onset of oscillatory pro-
cesses with the formation of Alfven, magnetoacoustic, and hydromagnetic shock waves are analyzed in the third
chapter. It gives examples of large-scale oscillations in various astronomical situations. Chapter four con-
cerns the mechanisms responsible for instabilities of the Kelvin-Helmholtz, tearing-mode, and thermal types
and conditions for their stabilization. In chapter five, devoted to the passage of magnetic waves through stars
and planets, the author presents and discusses the dynamic theory, according to which a magnetic field is sus-
tained by an electric current induced in the interior region as the result of the motion of matter across force
lines, just as occurs in a dynamo machine with self-excitation. The application of the MHD approach to low-
density plasma is discussed in chapter six.
An undeniable advantage of the book is that in the treatment of quite involved material, the author de-
votes considerable attention to the physical essence of the effects considered, using the least possible number
of mathematical calculations. Wherever possible, theory is compared with the results of experimental re-
search.
Undoubtedly, the book will be useful to all those who are interested in problems of MHD theory and its
practical applications.
"Russian translation from the English, Atomizdat, Moscow (1978).
Translated from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 47, No. 6, p. 433, December, 1979.
0038-531X/79/4706-1066$07.50 ?1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation
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INDEX
SOVIET ATOMIC ENERGY
Volumes 4647, 1979
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AUTHOR INDEX
Abramov, B. D. - 906
Abramov, V. A. - 1057
Ado, Yu. M. - 780
Afanas'ev, A.M. - 697
Afanas' ev, P. G. - 127
Afanas' ev, V. A. - 976
Afrikanov, I. N. - 190, 644
Agranovich, M. B. - 66, 784
Agranovich, M. V. - 484
Akhachinskii, V. V. - 679
Akkerman, A. F. - 47
Aleksakhin, R. M. - 688, 791
Aleksakov, A. N. - 267, 979
Aleksakov, L. N. - 90
Aleksandrov, A. P. - 147
Aleksandrov, B. M. - 475
Aleksandrov, K. A. - 756
Aleksandrov, P. A. - 964
Aleksandrova, Z. A. - 721
Alekseev, P. N. - 664
Alekseev, S. I. - 992
Aleshin, V. S. - 512
Alikaev, V. V. - 249
Alkhazov, I. D. - 1040
Anan' ev, A. P, - 879
Anan'ev, V. D. - 449
Andrianov, K. A. - 461
Andrianov, M. A. - 297
Antipov, A. V. - 116
Anufriev, V. A. - 57, 182, 851
Aristarkhov, N. N. - 847
Arkhipkin,.V. M. - 85, 136
Arkhipov, V. A. - 449
Arkhipov, V. M. - 150
Arlit, R. - 1040
Artamkin, V. N. - 348
Artarnonov, V. S. - 57, 182,
772
Artem'ev, A. N. - 155
B
Babaev, A. I. - 449
Babaev, N. S. - 247
Babich, S. I. - 57, 182
Badanin, V. I. - 523
SOVIET ATOMIC ENERGY
Volumes 46-47, 1979
(A translation of Atomnaya fnergiya)
Bagdasarov, Yu. E. - 361
Bagretsov, V. I. - 164
Baishev, I. S. - 116
Baklushin, R. P. - 774
Bakumenko, 0. D. - 433
Balaban -Irmenin, Yu. V. - 490
Balagura, V. S. - 387, 543
Balakshev, Yu., F. - 1019
Balankin, S. A. - 304
Baldin, S. A. - 501
Barabanov, I. R. - 754, 856
Baranov, A. N. - 379
Baranov, S. A. - 1022
Baranov, V. Yu. - 493, 960
Basova, B. G. - 282
Baturov, B. B. - 1, 58, 812
Beda, A. G. - 626
Belanova, T. S. - 772
Belen'kii, B. V. - 534
Belevantsev, V. S. - 334
Beloglazov, V. I. - 387
Belous, V. N. - 888
Belov, S. P. - 708
Belozerov, V. G. - 853
Berdzenishvili, T. Sh. - 548
Berezhnoi, V. A. - 339
Berlyand, V. A. - 554
Bessonov, V. A. - 516
Bibilashvili, Yu. K. - 96
Bitenskii, I. S. - 316
Blinkin, V. L. - 740, 844
Bliznyuk, N. A. - 940
Blokhintsev, D. I. - 449
Bobolovich, V. N. - 7
Bocharova, I. E. - 721
Bogachek, L. N. - 445
Bogomolov, V. N. - 1027
Boleslavskaya, G. I. - 314
Bol'shov, V. I. - 721
Bondarenko, A. V. - 81
Bondarenko, V. V. - 764
Borishanskii, V. M. - 911
Borisov, E. A. - 516
Brailov, V. P. - 816
Breger, A. Kh. - 392, 394, 469
Brikker, I. N. - 935
Brill', 0. D. - 1043
Broder, D. P. - 136
Brodskii, S. M. - 661
Bryndin, F. B. 764
Bryunin, S. V. - 259, 262, 812
Budov, V. M. - 911
Bulanenko, V. I. - 531
Buleev, N. I. - 664
Bulkin, Yu. M. - 449
Bunin, B. N. - 449
Burtsev, Yu. Ya. - 297
Bushuev, A. V. - 528
Bykov, V. N. - 101
C
Chachin, V. V. - 528
Chakhovskii, V. M. - 816
Chelnokov, 0. I. - 190
Cherepnin, Yu. S. - 652
Cherkashin, V.. A. - 737, 824
Cherkashov, Yu. M. - 239
Chernavskii, S. Ya. - 12, 808
Chernov, L. A. - 106
Chernyaev, V. A. - 1
Chervinskii, Yu. F. - 408
Chesnokov, N. I. - 501
Chetverikov, A. P. - 182
Chetverikov, V. V. - 892
Chirkst, D. t. - 638
Chistozvonov, A. S. - 140
Chistyakov, L. V. - 1022, 1024
Chistyakov, S. A. - 923
Chudinov, V. G. - 309, 1033
Chugunov, 0. K. - 379, 992
Chuvilin, D. Yu. - 666
D
Das, S. - 185
Davydov, A. V. - 626
Demichev, V. F. - 962
Demidov, B. A. - 111
Denisov, V. G. - 888
Desyatnik, V. N. - 408
Didenko, A. N. - 923
Dimitrov, S. K. - 287
Dinev, D. Kh. - 208
Dmitriev, A. B. - 636
Dmitriev, P. P. - 55, 216
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
Dmitriev, V. D. - 101, 934
Dollezhal', N. A. - 449
Doroshenko, G. G. - 132
Dorri, M. Kh. - 370
Drokin, A. M. - 750
Druzhinin, A. A. - 473
Drynkin, V. I. - 534
Dubasov, Yu. V. - 312
Dubovoi, V. K. - 564
Dulin, V. A. 550, 566
Duman, E. L. - 1014
Dushin, P. G. -. 81, 437
Dushin, V. N. - 556,1040
Dyadin, Yu. V. - 916
Dzantiev, B. G. - 414
Dzhilkibaev, Zh. M. 997
E
Edunov, L. V. - 449
Efanov, A. D. - 911
Efanov, A. E. - 309
Efimov, A.. A. - 27
Efimov, I. A. - 847
Efimov, V. N. - 976
Efremov, A. A. - 788
Efremov, Yu. V. - 410
Egiazarov, B. G. - 501
Egorov, A. L. - 445
Egorov, G. F. - 591
Egorov, L. G. - 375
E igenson, S. N. - 278
Eliseev, G. A. - 345, 1053
Emel'yanov, I. Ya. - 1, 90, 161,
267, 506, 929, 979
.Eperin, A. P. - 22, 882
E rben, 0. - 402
Ermakov, A. N. - 414
F
Fanchenko, S. D. - 111
Farafonov, V..A. -858
Fateev, A. P. - 831
Favorin, Yu. A. - 649
Fedik, I. I. - 461
Fedorov, V. A. - 132
Fedulov, V. V. - 929
Filatov, V. I. - 661
Filipchuk, E. V. - 929
Filippov, E. M. - 841
Filov, R. A. - 1046
Firsov, 0. B. - 121
Firsova, E. V.. - 911
Fraktovnikova, A. A. - 1016
Frank, I. M. - 449
Fridman, A. M. - 258
Fuks, K. - 693
Funshtein,.V. B. - 475
Fursov, B. I. - 35
Fursov, G. L. - 387, 543
G
Gabrianovich, B. N. - 715
Gagarinskii, A. Yu. - 1025
Galaktionov, I. V. - 1
Galimbekov, D. K. - 1009
Gaikin, B. Ya. - 1052
Gal'tsov, V. S. - 1027
Garusov, E. A.'- 931
Gavrilov, P. A. - 1051
Gavrin, V. N. - 754, 856
Generalova, V. V. - 554
Gerasimov, P. V. - 708
Gerasimov, V. V. - 888
Gerchikov, F. L. - 569
Gladyshev, A. M. - 928
Glagolev, V. M. - 969
Glotov, V. I. - 754
Glukhikh, V. A. - 797
Goldin, M. L. - 967
Golovachik, V. T. - 116
Golovin, V. P. - 992
Golovko, V. F. - 911
Golovnin, N. S. - 96
Golubev, L. I. - 85, 136, 410
Golubev, V. G. - 335
Golubeva, T. A. - 675
Gomin, E. A. - 219
Gorbatyuk, 0. V. - 528
Gorelov, A. I. - 262
Gorodkov, S. S. - 219
Gorokhovatskii, F. S. - 387
Goshchitskii, B. N. - 309, 1033
Gotovskii, M. A. - 911
Govorkov, B. B. - 572
Grebennik, V. N. - 243
Grebenyuk, G. G. - 370
Gribov, B. S. - 1043
Grigor'yants, A. N. - 58
Grimm, V. - 1040
Grinevich, N. A. - 516
Grishaev, I. A. - 387, 543
Gritskevich, S. F. - 1019
Grizhko, V. M. - 387, 543
Gromova, A. I. - 888
Groznov, V. N. - 652
Gryazev, V. M. - 976
Gryaznov, B. V. - 335
Gurskii, M. N. - 554
Gusev, I. T. - 497
Gusev, V. M. - 185, 190, 558
Gusev, V. V. - 309, 1033
Guseva, M. I. - 185, 190
Gutkin, T. I. - 314
I
Ignatenko, E. I. - 1007
Ikhlov, E. M. - 433, 742
win, L. A. - 582, 791
Ilozhev, A. P. - 591
Ilyasov, V. M. - 85, 136
Ioffe, M. S. - 121
lonaitis, R. R. - 69
Isaev, A. N. - 424
Isaev, V. I. - 538
Istomina, A. G. - 39
Ivanov, A. N. - 951
Ivanov, G. P. - 516
Ivanov, R. I. - 57
Ivanov, R. N. - 182, 772
Ivanov, V. I. - 965
Ivashkevich, A. A. - 485
Ivkin, M. V. - 111
K
Kachanov, V. M. 899
Kadomtsev, B. B. - 121, 229
Kagramanyan, V. S. - 273
Kaidalov, A. B. - 783
Kalebin, S. M. - 57, 182, 772
Kalin, B. A. - 562
Kalugin, V. A. - 318
Kalyagina, I. P. - 210
Kamanin, P. M. - 899
Kamenetskaya, D. S. - 754
Kaminsky, M. 185
Kapinos. V. N. - 124
Kapusta, Ya. S. - 1001
Kapustin, V. K. - 750
Karpacheva, S. M. - 919
Karpechko, S. G. - 127
Karpov, V. I. - 582
Karpukhin, V. I. - 291, 379, 992
Kartashev, E. R. - 958
Karus, E. V. - 534
Kazachenkov. Yu. N. - 396
Kazanskii, Yu. A. - 550, 566,
708
Kazarnovskii, M. V. - 997
Kebadze, B. V. - 756
Kerzin, A. L. - 534
Khaikovich, I. M. - 1035
Kham'yanov, L. P. - 85, 136
Khananashvili, L. M. - 461
Khefert, M. - 116
Khlebnikov, S. V. - 475
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
 Declassified and Approved
Khripunov, V. I. - 129
Khryastov, N. A. - 449
Kikoin, I. K. - 147
Kinzhinkov, V. A. - 767
Kirillov, P. L. - 786, 858, 867
Klemin, A. I. 486, 804
Klimov, A. V. - 772
Klyushin, V. V. - 519
Knizhnikov, V. A. - 791
Knyazev, 0. I. - 944
Kochetkov, L. A. - 361
Kochurov, B. P. - 168
Kokorev, L. S. - 134
Koleganov, Yu. F. - 106, 528.
Kolesnikov, S. A. - 461
Kolesov, A. G. - 57, 182, 772,
851
Kolesov, V. E. - 560
Kolesov, V. V. - 770.
Kolmakov, A. P. - 911
Komarov, E. V. - 597
Komissarov, 0. V. - 437
Kondrat'ev, S. I. - 858
Kononov, V. F. - 302
Konstantinov, D. I. - 546
Konstantinov, E. A. - 22
Kopytin, V. P. - 644
Korneev, V. A. - 906
Kornilov, V. P. - 464
Koroleva, V. P. - 106, 143
Korostylev, V. A. - 282
Korotkov, V. P. - 750
Koryakin, Yu. I. - 1, 256, 495,
588, 730, 776, 808, 812
Korytnikov, V. P. - 1
Kosarev, V. D. - 569
Koshcheev, V. N. - 618
Koshkarov, L. L. - 754
Kostikov, V. I. - 461
Kostochkin. 0. I. - 1040
Kostromin, A. G. - 81, 437,
764
Kostromin, L. G. - 934
Kostyuchenko, V. I. - 630
Kotov, V. M. - 652
Kovalenko, S. S. - 1040
Kovalev, E. E. - 1043
Kovalev, V. P. - 538
Kovalevich, 0. M. - 426
Kovylyanskii, Ya. A. - 1
Kozhevnikov, D. A. - 206
Kozlov, A. V. 519
Kozlov, F. A. - 361
Kozlov, V. F. - 31
Kozlov, Yu. D. - 726
Krasulin, Yu. L. - 185
Krause,. R. - 1040
Krayushkin, V. V. - 552
Krisyuk, t. M. - 1046
Kroshkin, N. I. - 565
Krotov, V. I. - 139
Kruglov, A. K. - 67, 213
Kruglov, A. S. - 1016
Krupnyi, G. I. - 116
Krutikov, P., G. - 22, 882,
Krylov, N. G. - 473
Kshnyaskin, V. M. - 726
Kuchava, N. E. - 1005
Kuchin, N. L. - 1011
Kukavadze, G. M. - 916
Kukushkin, A. S. - 983
Kulakov, G. A. - 410
Kulakov, V. M. - 379, 777
Kulakovskii, M. Ya. - 433
Kupriyanov, V. M. - 35
Kushnikov, V. V. - 297
Kustarev, V. N. -116
Kuz' mina, I. A. - 375
Kuznetsov, E. I. - 681
Kuznetsov, V. F. - 1031
Kuznetsov, V. N. - 992
L
Laletin, N. I. - 172,
Lapidus, L. I. - 1060
Laptev, F. V. - 597
Lavrukhin, V. S. - 449
Lazarev, Yu. A. - 329
Lebed', B. M.. - 622
Lebedev, S. Ya. - 53, 13P
Lebedev, V.A. - 731
Lebedev, V. N. - 116
Leonov, E. S. - 132
Leonov, V. V. - 750
Lependin, V. I. - 164
Leppik; P. A. - 971
Levchenko, Yu. D. - 715
Levkovskii, V. N. - 762
Liforov, Yu. G. - 528
Lititskii, V. A. - 764
Lityaev, V. M. - 550
Loginov, N. I. - 464
Logosha, N. I. - 437
Lomidze, V. L. - 449
Loshkova, L. I. - 882
Luchin, I. A. - 501
Lukasevich, B. I. - 487
Lukashin, I. F. - 641
Lukhminskii, B. E. - 1009
Luk' yanov, A. A. - 770
Lur' e, A. I. - 85, 136
Luppov, V. A. - 302
Luzanova, L. M. - 31
Lvov, A. A. - 473
Lyakhov, A. V. - 626
Lyapina; Z: E. - 132
Lysenko, V. V. - 445
Lystsov, V. N. - 767
Lytkin, V. B. - 273
Lyubchenko, V. F. - 437
Lyubivyi, A. G. - 597
M
Maidanik, V. N. - 614, 649
Maile, Kh. P. - 307, 548
Maiorov, A. N. - 458
Makarchenko, V. G. 210
Makarov, 0. I. - 560
Makhin, A. V. - 287
Makhlin, N. A. - 684
Maksimenko, B. P. - 496, 590,
1066
Maksyutenko, B. P. - 1019
Malofeev, V. M. - 168
Malygin, V. B. - 96
Malykhin, A. P. - 748
Malyshev; E. K. - 636, 853.
Malyshev, V. M. - 58
Mamikonyan, S. V. - 661
Mamonova, T. I. - 839
Mansurova, A. N. - 190
Manuilov, V.S. - 654
Marchik, I. I. - 622
Marenkov, 0. S. - 752
Markina, M. A. 824
Markov, M. A. - 147
Markov, V. K. -746
Martynenko, Yu. V. - 121, 185,
190
Martynov, A. I. - 387
Mashkovich, V. P. - 422
Maslennikov, B. K. - 35
Matveenko, I. P. - 140, 560
Matveenko, V. I. - 164
Matveev, V. I. - 708
Matveev, V. V. - 501
Matyushina, N. A. - 67
Mavrin, A. S. - 72
Medvedev, Yu. A. - 124
Medvedovskii, L. I. - 737
Mekhedov, B. N. - 85, 136
Melent'ev,.V. I. - 302
Melikhov, V. V. - 449
Mel'nikov, V. A. - 892
Melovat-skaya, A. I. - 406
Memelova, L. Ya. - 916
Men'shikov, L. I. - 1014
Merezhkin, V. G. - 586
Meshkov, A. G. - 427
Mesropov, M. G. - 309, 1033
Mesyats, G. A. - 78
Mikhan, V. I. L. - 58
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
Miller, 0. A. - 410
Miller, V. V. - 528
Miloserdin, Yu. V. - 96.
Minashin, M. E. - 437
Mironov, V. K. - 750
Miroshnikov, V. S. - 892
Mishchenko, A. I. - 123
Mishenev, V. B. - 123
Mitel' man, M. G. - 820
Mitenkov, F. M. - 597, 911
Mitrakov, L. N. - 649
Mityaev, Yu. I. - 449
'Mitzinger, W. - 691
Mizonov, N. V. - 911
Moiseev; A. A. - 343, 872
Moiseev, S. S. -1065
Molin, G. A. - 216
Morozov, V. N. - 164, 190.
Moseev, L. I. - 847
Moskalev, Yu. I. - 39, 341, 686
Moskvin, L. N. - 27, 892
Mosulishvili, L. M. 1005
Mozhaev, V. K. - -566
Mukhovatov, V. S. - 76
Muradyan, S. G. - 787
Murashov, V. N. -134
Musiol, G. - 1040
Musorin, A. I. - 445
Myakushko, L. K. - 387, 543
11 N
Naboickevko, K. V. - 96.
Nakahara, Y. - 602
Nalesnilc, V. M. - 519
Nalivaev, V. I. - 127
Nartikoev, V. D. - 534
Naskidashvili, I. A. - 548
Naumov, V. I. 713
Nechaev, A. I. - 408
Nefedov, V. N. - 57, 772
Nefelov, V. N. - 182
Nemilov, Yu. A. - 475
Nemirov, N. V. 940
Nesterov, V. G. - 721
Nevskii, B. V. - 252
Nikiforov, A. S. - 591
Nikolaev, V. A. - 312, 375, 523
Nikol'skii, S. N. - 772, 851
Nikol'skii, V. A. - 746
Nikulina, A. V. - 333
Noga, V. I.. - 735
Nosach, V. G..- 321
Novikov, V., M. - 666, 844
Novikov, V. Ya. - 26 2
Novobratskaya, I. F. - 291
Novoselov, G. P. - 297
Nurislamov, I. R. - 136
1072
Ochkin, D. V. - 953
Odintsov, Yu. M. - 473
Onufriev, V. D. - 644, 949
Orekhov, I. V. - 856
Orlov, V. V. - 121
Ortlepp, H. - 1040
Osmachkin, V. S. - 74
Ostroumov, P. N. - 831
Otstavnov, P. S. - 143
Ovechkin, V. V. - 302
Ozerkov, V. N. - 528
P
Pampura, V. B. - 127
Panarin, M. V. - 55
Panasenkov, A. F. - 351
.Panchenko, A. M. - 291
Panin, M. P. - 201
Panin, V. M. - 90, 979
Panov, A. S. - 679, 746
Paramonov, V. V. - 652
Parilis, E. S. - 316
Parsadanyan, M. M. - 445
Pashevich, V. I. - 31
Pashkin, Yu. G. - 733
Pavlinov, L. V. - 928
Pavlov, I. K. - 262
Pchelin, V. A. - 1024
Pepelyshev, Yu. N. - 449
Peskov, R. A. - 659
Petrov, A. A. - 27
Petrov, V. A. - 111
Petrov, V. V. -1025
Petrov, Yu. V. - 931
Petrzhak, K. A. - 231, 1040
Piletskaya, I. B. - 754
Piskunov, V. N. - 847
Pistunovich, V. I. - 337, 483,
983, 1059
Pitkevich, V. A. - 197
Plastinin, V. P. - 449
Platonov, P. A. - 291, 992
Plekhanov, L. P. - 366
Plotnikov, G. V. - 81 .
Plyutinskii, V. I. - 971, 976
Pobedin, V. V. - 411
Podlazov, L. N. - 90, 267, 979
Polevoi, V. B. - 18, 50
Polionov, V. P. - 733
Polivanskii, V. P. - 140
Polosukhin, B. G. - 309, 1033
Polyakov, A. S. - 580, 956
Polyanin, L. N. - 567
Pomanskii, A. A. - 873
Popkov, G. N. - 153
Popkov, K. K. - 1011
Poplavskii, V. M. - 361
Popov, V. N. - 414
Popov, Yu. S. - 123
Popovichev, V. A. - 516
Porollo, S. I. - 101
Poruchikov, V. A. - 182, 772
Posik, L. N. - 1035
Postnikov, V. V. - 262, 506
Postoev, V. S. - 278
Potapenko, G. T. - 929
Potapenko, P. T. - 929
Potemkin, V. G. - 744
Privalova, P. A. -123
Prokhorov, Yu. A. - 733
Prokhorova, L. I. - 721
Prokudin, P. P. -1027
Proshkin, A. A. - 703
Proshutinskii, A. P. - 614, 649
Prudnikova, 0. P. - 445
Pryanishnikov, B. A. - 935
Pshakin, G. M. - 703, 708
Pukhal'skii, L. Ch. - 501
Pushkarev, 0. E. - 321
Pushkarev, V. I. - 145, 161,
259, 441, 812
Putov, A. L. - 567
Pytkin, Yu. N. - 1007
Rabinovich, A. D. - 282
Radzievskii, G. B. - 646
Rakitin, I. D. - 865
Ranyuk, Yu. N. - 735
Razumov, L. L. - 461
Redchenko, M. I. - 1016
Reformatskii, I. A. - 785
Renard, E. V. - 988
Reshetnikov, I. G. - 334
Reznik, B. I. - 630
Rivkin, E. Yu. - 331, 519
Rodionov, Yu. F. - 870, 1024
Rodin, M. E. - 519
Roginets, L. P. - 748
Rogov, A. D. - 449
Rogov, K. D. - 882
Romodanov, V. L. - 666
Roslik, S. F. - 943
Rozen, A. M. - 383
Rozenblyum, N. D. - 820
Rubin, V. I. - 812
Rudenko, A. P. - 387
Rudik, A. P. - 213
Rudnev, S. I. - 53
Rudoi, V. A. - 737
Rukhadze, V. K. - 471
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
Runin, V. I. - 259
Ryabov, V. I. - 22, 267
Ryabov, Yu. V. - 178
Ryazanov, D. K. - 282
Rybal' chenko, I. L. - 879
Rybin, V. V. - 523
Rybkin, N. I. - 392, 394
Rymarenko, A. I. - 445
Ryndin, N. N. - 278
S
Sadykov, R. R. - 1025
Safin, Yu. A. -127
Safonov, V. A. - 182, 851
Safronov, B. G. - 387, 543
Saikov, Yu. P. - 750
Sakovich, V. A. - 1043
Samoilov, 0. B. - 597
Samsonov, B. V.. - 44
Sandukovskii, V. G. - 416
Sebrant, A. Yu. - 493
Sedel'nikov, V. I. - 318
Sedov, V. M. - 22, 879, 882,
940
Segal', M. D. - 129
Selitskii, Yu. A. - 475
Semenov, B. A. - 236
Semenova, E. A. - 579
Semenyushkin, I. N. - 780
Serbinov, A. N. - 1043
Seredkin, S. V. - 44
Sever'yanov, V. S. - 430
Shabalin, E. P. - 449
Shanin, V. K. - 614, 649
Sharapov, V. N. - 81, 437
Shatalov, G. E. - 491, 1059
Shatinskii, V. M. - 1022
Shat-skaya, 0. A. - 519
Shavlova, T. S. - 882
Shchekin, K. I. - 626
Shcherbak, V. I. - 101, 934
Shchetinin, 0. I. - 636, 853
Shchitov, A. P. - 630
Shepelenko, A. A. - 227
Shereshkov, V. S. - 143
Shevchenko, V. B. - 591
Shevchenko, V. G. - 22
Shikhov, S. B. - 666
Shimanskii, A. A. - 1019
Shirokov, S. V. - 58
Shiryaev, B. M. - 475
Shiryaev, V. I. - 754
Shishkin, G. V. - 876
Shiverskii, E. A. - 804
Shkuro, S. I. - 847
Shlyagin, K. N. - 132
Shmidt, V. S. - 591
Shmondin, V. A. - 445
Shpakov, V. I. - 1040
Shpiposkikh, Yu. M. - 820
Shtyfurko, A. I. - 820
Shubko, V. M. - 1024
Shukolyukov, Yu. A. - 1001
Shull gin, A. V. - 22
Shulyndin, B. P. - 399
Simonov, V. D. - 396, 411, 935
Singarieva, T. V. - 752
Sinitsa, V. V. - 618
Sinyavskii, V. V. - 718
Sitrotkin, A. P. - 161, 257,
421, 441
Sivintsev, Yu. V. - 497, 585,
837
Sivokon', V. P. - 929
Skorov, D. M. - 304, 562, 644
Skrinichenko, M. L. 252
Skvortsov, S. A. - 489
Smelov, V. S. - 591
Smetannikov, V. P. - 159
Smilga, V. P. - 379
Smirenkin, G. N. - 35, 721
Smirnov, V. S. - 449
Smolin, V. N. - 588
Smolyakov, V. I. - 847
Soldatov, G. E. - 81, 437
Solov' ev, S. M. - 475
Solovkin, A. S. - 253
Solyanii, V. I. - 334
Sorokin, B. V. - 652
Spitsyn, V. I. - 580
Srapenyants, R. A. - 349, 967
Stariznyi, E. S. - 392, 394,
469, 737, 824
Starozhukov, D. I. - 123
Stepanov, S. B. - 224
Stepanova, K. I. - 737
Stolyarevskii, A. Ya. - 676
Stolyarov, B. M. - 583
Stukalov, V. A. - 664
Subbotin, V. I. - 911
Suglobova, I. G. - 638
Sugonyaev, V. N. - 928
Sukhachevskii, Yu. B. - 597
Sukhotin, L. N. - 85, 136
Sultanov, N. V. - 172
Sumatokhin, V. L. - 473
Surin, V. M. - 35
Svecharevskii, B. M. - 267
Syrkus, N. P. - 394
Sytin, V. P. - 406
T
Takahashi, H. 602
Tamm, E. I. - 572
Tatarnikov, A. P. - 252
Teichner, R. - 1040
Telegin, Yu. N. - 735
Teplov, F. P. - 406
Teterin, Yu. A. - 379
Tevanyan, A. G. - 445
Tikhomirov, V. V. - 57
Timchenko, V. L. - 327, 445
Tipikin, V. N. - 1029
Titov, V. B. - 278
Titov, V. F. - 241, 361
Titov, V. V. - 121
Tolmachev, A. G. - 614, 649
Tomilov, S. B. - 27 .
Torlin, B. Z. 222, 697, 1038
Tregubov, V. B. - 430, 820
Trekhov, V. E. - 1051
Trekhova, N. A. - 7, 152, 808
Tret'yakova, S. P. - 839
Trofimov, I. N. - 1011
Troshkin, Yu. S. - 233
Troyanov, M. F. - 273, 433
Trubakov, Yu. P. - 715
Trushin, Yu. V. - 689
Tsarenko, A. F. - 947
Tsibulya, A. M. - 857
Tsikunov, A. G. - 433
Tsygankov, L. S. - 1025
Tsypin, S. G. - 445
Tsypin, V. S. - 314.
Tsyplenkov, V. S. - 558, 644
Tuchkina, 0. N. - 318
Tugolukov, V. V. - 1052
Tumanov, Yu. P. - 291, 379
Turchin, Yu. M. - 721
Tyufyagin, A. N. - 976
Tyutyunonikov, P. L. - 708
U
Usachev, L. N. - 664
Usacheva, G. A. - 27
Ushakov, P. A. - 485, 715, 911
Utkin, Yu. A. = 375
Uvarov, V. I. - 127
V
Vaimugin, A. A. - 81, 437
Valyunin, B. S. - 746
Van'kov, A. A. - 857
Varovin, I. A. - 27
Varvaritsa, V. P. - 870
Vasilenko, I. Ya. - 39
Vasil'ev, N. N. - 338
Vasil'eva, E. Yu. - 458
Vasnin, A. M. - 519
Velikhov, E. P. - 147
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/02/15: CIA-RDP10-02196R000800020005-0
Venikov, N. I. 1063
Verkhovskii, A. B. - 1001
Vetrov, E. M. - 742
Videnskit, V. G. -197
Vinogradov, V. I. - 156
Virgil'ev, Yu. S. - 210, 894
Vladimirov, B. G. - 558
Vladimirov, M. A. - 849
Vladimirov, V. G. - 644
Vladykov, G. M. - 140
Vlasov, K. P. - 461
Volchek, Yu. A. 759
Volkov, A. P.. - 31
Volkov, V. A. - 638
Volkova, L. P. - 754
Volodin, K. E. - 721
Vologdina, G. P. - 882
Voloshchuk, S. N. - 501
Vorob'ev, E. D. -449
Vorob' ev, E. I. - 791, 1043
Vorob'ev, S. A. - 744
W
Wagner, V. - 1040
Weidhaas, F. - 1040
Zaitsev, A. F. - 1025
Zakharkin, I. I. - 467, 1027
Zakharov, V. I. - 250
Zakharzhevskii, Yu. 0. - 22
Zaluzhnyi, A. G. - 644
Zaritskii, S. M. 664
Zatsepin, G. T. - 856
Zavitskaya, T. S. - 213
Zavyal'skii, L. P. - 779
Zel'dovich, Ya. B. - 147
Zelenkov, A. G. - 379, 1024
Zel'venskii, M. Ya. - 383, 988
Zemlyanukhin, V. I. - 944
-Zernov, L. V. - 501
Zherekhov, V. G. - 312
Zhirnov, A. D. - 161, 259, 441,
812
Zhitarev, V. E. - 224
Zholnin, A. G. - 644
Zhuk, I. V. - 748
Zhukov, 0. E. - 1025
Zhukov, 0. N. - 375
Zhuravlev, K. D. - 565
Zolotarev, K. I. - 106
Zvonarev, A. K. - 614
Zvonarev, A. V. - 528
Y
Yakovlev, V. V. - 134
Yakushin, V. L. - 562
Yankelevich, E. B. - 78
Yan' kov, G. B. - 245, 869
Yanovich, E. A. - 856
Yanovskii, t. A. - 81
Yalovets, A. P. _ 923
Yaroshevich, 0. I. - 748
Yartsev, V. A. - 304
Yazvitskii, Yu. S. - 449
Yudanov, B. V. - 935
Yur' ev,. Yu. S. - 849, 911
Yurkin, G. V.. - 506
Yurova, L. N. 528
Yushmanov, E. E. -1055
Voronin, L. M. - 31 Z
Voronina, V. A. - 396 Zababakhin, E. I. - 147
Voronkov, M. E. 816 Zaborovskii, Yu. I. - 1043
Vorontsov, B. A. - 267 Zagrebaev, A. M. - 713
Voropaev, A. I. - 857 Zagryadskii, V. A. - 666
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TABLES OF CONTENTS
SOVIET ATOMIC, ENERGY
Volumes 46-47, 1979
(A translation of Atomnaya Energiya)
Volume 46, Number 1 January, 1979
Engl./Russ.
ARTICLES
Technicoeconomic Aspects of the Realization of Centralized Heat Supply
from Atomic Boiler Units - I. Ya. Emel'yanov, B. B. Baturov,
V. P. Korytnikov, Yu. I. Koryakin, V. A. Chernyaev, Ya. A. Kovylyanskii,
and I. V. Galaktionov ...... ................ .
Multicriterial Optimization of the Development of Nuclear Power
in the Framework of the Perspectives of COMECON
- V. N. Bobolovich and N. A. Trekhova ................................. 7 9
An Estimate of the Uncertainty Factor for Predicting the Development
of Nuclear Power Engineering - S. Ya. Chernavskii ............. ......... 12 13
Method of Computing Large Perturbations of Reactivity by Difference
Iterations in the Monte Carlo Method - V. B. Polevoi ....................... 18 20
Corrosion Products in Main Technological Systems of Atomic
Power Plants with an RBMK-1000 Reactor during Operation
- V. M. Sedov, P. G. Krutikov, E. A. Konstantinov,
A. V. Shull gin, V. I. Ryabov, Yu. O. Zakharzhevskii,
A. P. Eperin, and V. G. Shevchenko ................................... 22 23
Mossbauer Spectroscopic Determination of Phase Composition
of Corrosion Products of Structural Materials of Primary
Circuit of RBMK-1000 Reactor with Neutral Water Conditions
L. N. Moskvin, A. A. Efimov, I. A. Varovin, G. A. Usacheva,
S. B. Tomilov, and A. A. Petrov ..................................... 27 28
Activity of Radionuclides in the Coolant of the Secondary Loop of a Nuclear
Power Plant with VVER-440 Reactors - L. M. Voronin, A. P. Volkov,
V. F. Kozlov, L. M. Luzanova, and V. I. Pashevich . ..... .................. 31 31
Measurement of the 240pu/235U and 242pu/235U Fission Cross-Section
Ratios for 0.127-7.4-MeV Neutrons - V. M. Kupriyanov, B. I. Fursov,
B. K. Maslennikov, V. M. Surin, and G. N. Smirenkin ....................... 35 35
Estimates of Global 85Kr Radiation Safety - I. Ya. Vasilenko, Yu. I. Moskalev,
and A. G. Istomina ........................................ .... 39 40
LETTERS
Contact Condpctivity between a U02 Core and Cladding - B. V. Samsonov
and S. V. Seredkin .............................................. 44 45
Spatial Distribution of Slow Hydrogen and Helium Atoms Introduced
in a Solid - A. F. Akkerman ........................................ 47 47
Algorithm to Estimate the Local Perturbations of Linear Radiation-Flux
Functionals Using the Monte Carlo Method - V. B. Polevoi ................... 50 49
Porosity Distribution in Nickel Following Argon Bombardment
S. Ya. Lebedev and S. I. Rudnev , .. , .......................... 53 51
135mBa Yields in 133Cs(a, pn)l35mBa- and 139La(p,an)135mBa Nuclear Reactions
= P. P. Dmitriev and M. V. Panarin .................................. 55 53
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Engl./Russ.
Parameters of "Co Neutron Levels - V. A. Anufriev, S. I. Babich,
A. G. Kolesov, V. N. Nefedov, V. V. Tikhomirov, V. S. Artamonov,
R. I.Ivanov,andS.M.Kalebin........................... 57 54
Tests on Zirconium Superheating Channels in the First Unit at the Kurchatov
Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station - A. N. Grigor'yants, :B. B. Baturov,
V.M.Malyshev, S. V. Shirokov, and V. I. Mikhan ......................... 58 55
In Memory of Yurii Aronovich Zysin . .. . . . . . . ... , .. . , 61 57
COMECON CHRONICLES
Collaboration Diary .............................................. 63 59
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Meeting of the Working Group on Power Engineering - M. B. Agranovich .............. 66 61
CONFERENCES AND SEMINARS
Conference on the 30th Anniversary of Isotope Production and Use
in the USSR - A. K. Kruglov and N. A. Matyushina ............. ......... 67 61
Seminar on Reactor Engineering - R. R. Ionaitis ............. . .............. 69 63
IAEA Conference on Leak Detection in Fast-Reactor Steam Generators
- A. S. Mavrin ................................................. 72 65
Sixth International Conference on Heat Exchange - V. S. Osmachkin .................. 74 66
Seventh International IAEA Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled
Thermonuclear Synthesis - V. S. Mukhovatov ............................ 76 68
Symposium on High-Current Pulse Electronics - G. A. Mesyats
and E. B. Yankelevich ..... . ... . . . .... .. , ...................... 78 70
Volume 46, Number 2 February, 1979
ARTICLES
Experimental Measurement of the Gravity Coefficient of Coolant Reactivity
for Reactors at the Bilibinsk Atomic Combined Electric Power and Heat-
Generating Plant - A. V. Bondarenko, A. A. Vaimugin, P. G. Dushin,
A. G. Kostromin, G. V. Plotnikov, G. E. Soldatov, V. N. Sharapov,
and E, A. Yanovskii ......... ...... ... ............
81
75
Tritium Content in the Coolant of Water-Cooled- Water-Moderated Reactors
- L. I. Golubev, V. M. Ilyasov, A. I. Lur'e, B. N. Mekhedov,
L. N. Sukhotin, V. M. Arkhipkin, and L. P. Kham'yanov .......... .. . ...
85
79
Nuclear Reactor Control by an Asymmetric Regulating System
- I. Ya. Emel'yanov, L. N. Podlazov, L. N. Aleksakov, and V. M. Panin ..... , ,
90
82
Theoretical- Experimental Model of the Nonsteady Radiational Creep
of Ceramic Fuel - V. B. Malygin, Yu. V. Miloserdin, K. V. Naboichevko,
N. S. Golovnin, and Yu. K. Bibilashvili ..............................
96
87
Effect of Irradiation Conditions and Chemical Composition on Radiational-
Damage Development in Steels and Alloys Irradiated by Neutrons
- V. I. Shcherbak, V. N. Bykov, V. D. Dmitriev, and S. L Porollo ... . . . . . . .. .
101
91
Measurement of Neutron Spectra in Critical Assembly by Activation Method
- K. I. Zolotarev, V. P. Koroleva, Yu. F. Koleganov, and L. A. Chernov .. , , . ,
106
96
Kal'mar-1 Pulsed Electron Accelerator with Relativistic Electron Beam Power of
up to 5 ?1012 W/cm2 - B. A. Demidov, M. V. Ivkin, V. A. Petrov,
and S.D.Fanchenko...........................................
111
100
Measurements of Dose Equivalent of Mixed Radiation outside the Serpukhov Proton
Synchrotron Shield - A. V. Antipov, I. S. Baishev, V. T. Golovachik,
G. I. Krupnyi, V. N. Kustarev, V. N. Lebedev, and M. Khefert ........ . . . . . .
116
105
OBITUARY
Viktor Mikhailovich Gusev - B. B. Kadomtsev, V. V. Orlov, M. S. Joffe,
Yu. V. Martynenko, V. V. Titov, and O. B. Firsov .......................
121
109
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Engl./Buss.
LETTERS
Determination of the Absolute Yields of 43.5-, 74.7-, 117.8-keV y Photons
from 243Am - Yu. S. Popov, D. I. Starozhukov, V. B. Mishenev,
P. A. Privalova, and A. I. Mishchenko .... ...........
123
111
One Microwave Method of Dosimetry for Pulses of Penetrating Radiation
- V. N. Kapinos and Yu. A. Medvedev .. .. .................
124
112
Use of Thermal-Neutron Probes to Measure Thermal-Neutron Flux
of Distributions - Yu. A. Safin, S. G. Karpechko, P. G. Afanas' ev,
V. I. Nalivaev, V. B. Pampura, and V. I. Uvarov .... ................
127
114
Two-Dimensional Modeling of the Fuel Assemblies of High- Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors -.M. D. Segal' and V. I. Khripunov ................. .
129
115
Maximum Rate of Emission of Long- Lived y-Emitting Aerosols Allowable under Atomic
Power Station Standards and Control- G. G. Doroshenko, E. S. Leonov,
Z. E. Lyapina, V. A. Fedorov, and K. N. Shlyagin .........? ...... .....
132
117
A Contactless Method of Studying the Thermal State of Fuel Elements during Irradiation
V. N. Murashov, L. S. Kokorev, and V. V. Yakovlev...... ... .... ..
134
118
Distribution of Tritium in Technological Systems of the Novovoronezh Nuclear
Power Plant - D. P. Broder, L. I. Golubev, V. M. Ilyasov, A. I. Lur' e,
B. N. Mekhedov, I. R. Nurislamov, L. N. Sukhotin, L. P. Kahm'yanov,
and V. M. Arkhipkin ....... .... ..................... . ...
136
120
Effect of Helium-Ion Energy and Irradiation Temperature on the Blistering of Nickel
- V. I. Krotov and S. Ya. Lebedev .. .... .. .. ? .............
139
122
Kinetics of Instantaneous Neutrons in a System with a Cavity - A. S. Chistozvonov,
I. P. Matveenko, V. P. Polivanskii, and G. M. Vladykov ... .. ... .....
140
123
Track-Detector Determination of Nuclear-Fuel Contamination of Primary- Circuit Sodium
Coolant - V. P. Koroleva, P. S. Otstavnov, and V. S. Shereshkov ..............
143
125
BOOK REVIEWS
I. N. Aborina. Physical Research on Water-Moderated- Water-Cooled Power Reactors
Reviewed by V. I. Pushkarev ............. ......... ...........
145
126
JUBILEE
Yulii Borisovich Khariton (75th Birthday) - A. P. Aleksandrov, E. P. Velikhov,
E. I. Zababakhin, Ya. B. Zel'dovich, I. K. Kikoin, and M. A. Markov .............
147
129
INFORMATION
Work on Fast Reactors in Italy - V. M. Arkhipov................ ...............
150
131
CONFERENCES, SYMPOSIA
Symposium on Hierarchy in Large Power Generation Systems - N. A. Trekhova .......
152
132
Conference on Large Tokamaks - G. N. Popkov ........ ......... ........
153
133
International Conference on the Application of the MSssbauer Effect
- A. N. Artem' ev .......... ...... ........ ............ ......
155
134
All-Union Problem Symposia on Real-Time Data-Computing Systems
- V. I. Vinogradov .............. ... ......
156
135
NEW BOOKS
R. G. Bogoyavlenskii. Hydrodynamics and Heat Exchange in High-Temperature Pebble-
Bed Nuclear Reactors- Reviewed by V. P. Smetannikov .................... .
159
336
Volume 46, Number 3 March, 1979
ARTICLES
Increasing the Efficiency of Uranium Utilization in the RBMK-1000
Reactor - I. Ya. Emel'yanov, A. D. Zhirnov, V. I. Pushkarev,
and A. P. Sirotkin ...............................................
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Engi./Russ.
Theoretical and Experimental Research on the Temperature
Effect of the Reactivity of Heterogeneous Critical Assemblies
with Strongly Blocked Absorber - V. I. Bagretsov, V. I. Lependin,
V. I. Matveenko, and V. N. Morozov ........... . . . .. ~ 164 142
Optimization of Physical Characteristics of a Heterogeneous
Reactor - B.. P. Kochurov and V. M. Malofeev. , 168 146
Development of the Surface Pseudosource Method for Calculating .
Neutron Fields in Cells with a Bundle of Fuel-Element Rods
- N. I. Laletin and N. V. Sultanov . . .. .... . .. 172 148
Measurements of the Fission Cross Section of 239Pu by Neutrons
with Energy from 10 eV to 100 keV - Yu. V. Ryabov . ..... 178 154
Measurement of the Total Neutron Cross Sections of 153Eu, 154Eu, and 155Eu
- V. A. Anufriev, S. I. Babich, A. G. Kolesov, V. N. Nefelov,
V. A. Poruchikov, V. A. Safonov, A. P. Chetverikov, V. S. Artamonov,
R. N. Ivanov, and S. M. Kalebin ............. 182 158
Blistering in Niobium under Implantation of Helium Ions at Energy
Expected in Thermonuclear Reactor - S. Das, M. Kaminsky (USA),
V. M. Gusev, M. I. Guseva, Yu. L. Krasulin, and Yu. V.: Martynenko (USSR) ........ 185 161
Helium Blistering under High Irradiation Doses - I. N. Afrikanov,
V. M. Gusev, M. I. Guseva, A. N. Mansurova, Yu. V. Martynenko,
V.N.Morozov,andO.I.Chelnokov ................................... 190 165
Microdosimetric Characteristics of Neutrons at Energies between 50 eV
and 10 MeV - V. A.Pitkevich and V. G. Videnskii . ,
........................ 197 170
Albedo of Concrete for Low-Energy Gamma Radiation - M. P. Panin
and A. M. Panchenko ............................................. 201 174
LETTERS
Distribution of Scattered Gamma Radiation from a Pulsed Source
- D. A. Kozhevnikov ............................................. 206 178
Design of Tesla Transformers Used in Direct-Voltage Accelerators
- D. Kh. Dinev ................ .............. ........ ........ 208 179
Radiation Alteration of the Properties of Graphite over a Wide Range
of Irradiation Temperature and Neutron Flux - Yu. S. Virgil'ev,
I.P.Kalyagina,andV.G.Makarchenko ................................
210 180
The Formation of Transuranium Nuclides in Connection with the Combined
Use of VVER and RBMK Power Reactors - T. S. Zaritskaya,
A. K. Kruglov, and A. P. Rudik .................................... 213 183
Yields of 28Mg upon the Irradiation of Magnesium and Aluminum
by Alpha Particles - P. P. Dmitriev and G. A. Molin . ............. . . . ..... 216 185
Some Properties of Fluctuations of the Neutron Field in a Nuclear Reactor
- E. A. Gomin and S.. S. Gorodkov .................................... 219 187
Reciprocity Property of Systems for Suppression of Xenon Oscillations
- B. Z. Torlin ................................................. 222 189
Interpretation of Data on the Total Scattering Cross Section of Cold
Neutrons in Condensed Hydrogen-Containing Media
- V. E. Zhitarev and S. B. Stepanov ................................... 224 190
An Analytic Solution of the Kinetic Equations of a Point Model
of aReactor - A.A.Shepelenko ..................................... 227 192
SPECIAL ANNIVERSARIES
Academician Lev Andreevich Artsimovich - B. B. Kadomtsev ..... . .... ..... . . . . . 229 195
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Perfilov - K. A. Petrzhak ............................. 231 197
COMECON NEWS
Thirty-Fifth Conference of the COMECON Permanent Commission
Atomenergo -Yu. S. Troshkin ? . ......................... ; .. , 233 199
Diary of Collaboration .. . ........................... ............. .. 234 199
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Engl./Russ.
INFORMATION
Soviet-French Collaboration in the Field of the Peaceful Utilization
of Atomic Energy - B. A. Semenov .................. ........... 236 201
CONFERENCES, MEETINGS, AND SEMINARS
International Exhibition and Conference on the Nuclear Industry,
"Nuclex-78" - Yu. M. Cherkashov ............. ................. 239 203
Third American-Soviet Seminar on Steam Generators for Fast Reactors
- V. F. Titov ..................................... ......... 241 205
Meeting of the International Working Group of IAEA on High-Temperature
Reactors - V. N. Grebennik ................ . ............. , . 243 206
International Conference on Neutron Physics and Nuclear Data
for Reactors and Other Applied Purposes - G. B. Yan'kov ................ 245 207
Symposium, "International Guarantees-78" - N. S. Babaev .................... 247 209
Soviet- American Conference on "High-Frequency Plasma Heating
in Toroidal Systems" - V. V. Alikaev.............................. 249 210
Nineteenth International Conference on High-Energy Physics
- V. I. Zakharov............................................ 250 211
All-Union Seminar "Electronic (Automatic) Methods of Concentration
of Minerals" - B.. V. Nevskii, M. L. Skrinichenko, and A. P. Tatarnikov....... 252 212
Ninth Radiochemical Conference in Czechoslovakia - A. S. Solovkin ............. 253 213
NEW BOOKS
Atomic-Hydrogen Power Generation and Technology - Reviewed by Yu. I. Koryakin... 256 215
V. V. Goncharov, N. S. Burdakov, Yu. S. Virgil'ev, V. I. Karpukhin,
and P. A. Platonov. Action of Irradiation on the Graphite in Nuclear
Reactors - Reviewed by A. P. Sirotkin ............................. 257 215
A. B. Mikhailovskii. Plasma Instabilities in Magnetic Traps
- Reviewed by A. M. Fridman ................................... 258 216
Volume 46, Number 4 April, 1979
ARTICLES
Change in the Fuel Component of the Cost of Electrical Energy during a Transitional
Operating Period of a High-Powered Water-Cooled Channel Reactor
(RBMK) - S. V. Bryunin, A. D. Zhirnov, V. I. Pushkarev,
and V. I. Runin ...... ............ ......H.............. .. .
Optimization of the Safety Margin to the Critical Load of the eat-Releasing
Assemblies in a High-Powered Water-Cooled Channel Reactor (RBMK)
- S. V. Bryunin, A. I. Gorelov, V. Ya. Novikov, I. K. Pavlov,
and V. V. Postnikov ........................ ........ ... .
Deformation of an Energy Release Field in a High-Powered Water-Cooled
Channel Reactor (RBMK) - A. N. Aleksakov, B. A. Vorontsov,
1. Ya. Emel'yanov, L. N. Podlazov, V. I. Ryabov, and B. M. Svecharevskii .....
Reproduction Characteristics of Fast Breeder Reactors and their Determination
- V. S. Kagramanyan, V. B. Lytkin, and M. F. Troyanov ............... .
Determination of Stress-Intensity Factor in Reactor Vessel from Models
- V. S. Postoev, N. N. Ryndin, S. N. Eigenson, and V. B. Titov .............
Neutrons Emitted by Fragments of the Spontaneous Fission of 252Cf and the
Fission of 239Pu by Thermal Neutrons - B. G. Basova, D. K. Ryazanov,
A. D. Rabinovich, and V. A. Korostylev ............... . ....... .
Problem of the Optimization of a System of Direct Energy Conversion with
Parabolic Trajectories of Charged Particles - S. K. Dimitrov
and A. V. Makhin .. ............................ .......... .
267 227
273 232
278 236
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Engl./Russ.
Degree of Perfection of Graphite and Changes in its Properties
under. Irradiation - P. A. Platonov, I. F. Novobratskaya, Yu. P. Tumanov,
and V. I. Karpukhin . ...... . . . 291 248
Oxidation. of (U, Pu)02 and U02 Pellets - G. P. Novoselov, V. V. Kushnikov,
Yu. Ya. Burtsev, and M. A. Andrianov , . , , ...... , 297 254
LETTERS
Neutron-Activation Determination of Oxygen Coefficient of Oxide Nuclear Fuel
- V. F. Kononov, V. I. Melent'ev, V. V. Ovechkin, and V. A. Luppov . .. . .. . . . 302 259
Apparatus for Measuring the Thermophysical Properties 'of Reactor Materials
at Elevated Temperatures - S. A. Balankin, D. M. Skorov,
and V. A. Yartsev ? ..... 304 261
Behavior of Uranium Monocarbide under Low- Temperature Reactor Irradiation
Kh.9. Maile ............................ ................ 307 262
The Possibility of Increasing the "Hot" Neutron Flux in Beam of 1VV-2 Reactor
with a Rethermalizer - V. V. Gusev, B. N. Goshchitskii, A. E. Efanov,
M. G. Mesropov, B. G. Polosukhin, and V. G, Chudinov ....... . ... . . ... . 309 264
Thermometry of Media with Solid-State Track Detectors - Yu. V. Dubasov,
V. G. Zherekhov, and V. A. Nikolaev ................................ 312 266
Rotational Stabilization of a Spiral Instability in a Plasma with in Immobile Boundary
- To I. Gutkin, V. S, Tsypin, and G, I. Boleslavskaya .. ................. 314 268
Fission-Fragment Sputtering of Insulators - I. S. Bitenskii and i. S. Parilis .......... 316 269
Calculation of Gamma-Ray Efficiency for a Germanium Detector - V. A. Kalugin,
V. I. Sedel'nikov, and O. No Tuchkina 318 271
Joint Use of Nuclear and Organic Fuels in a Stearn- Gas System - V. G. Nosach
and O. E. Pushkarev .. . ......................................... 321 273
New Books Published by Atomizdat in the First Quarter of 1979 , ... . . .............. 323 276
PERSONALIA
In Memory of Dmitrii Ivanovich Blokhintsev . ......................... . .... . 325 277
INFORMATION
Soviet Nuclear Power Station Construction - V. L. Timchenko .... . ....... . .. . ... . 327 279
New Heavy-Ion Cyclotron - Yu. A. Lazarev 329 280
SEMINARS, CONFERENCES
Soviet- Finnish Seminar on Norms and Standards for Designing Nuclear Equipment
- E. Yu. Rivkin ........................... 331 282
Swedish-Soviet Seminar on Structural Materials - A. V. Nikulina . . .. . . . . ...... . . . 333 284
IAEA Symposium on Fuel-Pin Production for Pressurized-Water Reactors
- V. S. Belevantsev, I. G. Reshetnikov, and V. I. Solyanii ................... 334 284
IAEA Conference on Sodium Fires - V. G. Golubev and B. V. Gryaznov 335 286
INTOR Design - V. I. Pistunovich .. . ................................... 337 286
Soviet-American Conference on Fusion-Application Problems - N. N. Vasil'ev ..... , .. 338 287
Sixth All-Union Conference on Charged-Particle Accelerators - V. A. Berezhnoi , ... , .. 339 288
All- Union Conference on Delayed Consequences and Estimates of Risk from Radiation
- Yu. I. Moskalev ........
..... ........... ...............:. 341 289
Corrections and Amendments to ICRP Publication No. 26 - A. A. Moiseev ............ 343 291
SCIENTIFIC- TECHNICAL RELATIONS
Controlled Fusion Research inFrance - G,A.Eliseev . ........................ 345 292
BOOK REVIEWS
S. M. Feinberg, S. B. Shikhov, and V. B. Troyanskii - Reviewed by V. N. Artamkin ...... 348 294
V. V. Rachinskii. Course of Fundamentals of Nuclear Engineering in Agriculture
- Reviewed by R. A. Srapenyants ................................... 349 295
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Volume 46, Number 5 May, 1979
COMECON - 30 YEARS
The Peaceful Atom in the Socialist Countries - A. F. Panasenkov .................. 351 299
ARTICLES
Safety Problems of Sodium-Water Steam Generators and Their Solution in the USSR
- V. M. Poplavskii, Yu. E. Bagdasarov, F. A. Kozlov, L. A. Kochetkov,
and V. F. Titov ................... 361 311
Accuracy of Neutron Field Regulation in Nuclear Reactors - L. P. PlAkhanov.......... 366 316
An Investigation of the Dynamics of Nuclear Power Facilities upon Deterioration of Heat
Exchange - G. G. Grebenyuk and M. Kh. Dorri ............ ............ 370 320
Radiational Swelling of Two-Phase Austenitic- Ferritic Stainless Steels - Yu. A. Utkin,
V. A. Nikolaev, 0. N. Zhukov, I. A. Kuz'mina, and L. G. Egorov ............ 375 324
Electron-Spectroscopic Analysis of Neutron-Irradiated Pyrographite - A. N. Baranov,
A. G. Zelenkov, V. M. Kulakov, V. P. Smilga, Yu. A. Teterin, V. I. Karpukhin,
Yu. P. Tumanov, and 0. K. Chugunov .... . . ................... 379 329
Mathematical Simulation of Processes of Extraction Processing of Nuclear Fuel Fluxes.
6. Effect of Flux Oscillations on the Accumulation of Plutonium - A. M. Rozen
and M. Ya. Zel'venskii ........................................... 383 333
Linear Electron Accelerator for 1-mA Average Current - G. L. Fursov, V. M. Grizhko,
I. A. Grishaev, B. G. Safronov, L. K. Myakushko, V. S. Balagura,
V. I. Beloglazov, F. S. Gorokhovatskii, A. I... Martynov, and A. P. Rudenko ..... 387 336
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Calculation of Gamma Power of Hot Circuits with Nonfissionable Materials - N. I. Rybkin,
E. S. Stariznyi, and A. Kh. Breger. .................................. 392 341
Performance of an Irradiation Loop Containing Nonfissile Material - N. I. Rybkin,
A. Kh. Breger, E. S. Stariznii, and N. P. Syrkus ........................ 394 342
Self-Absorption Factor of y Radiation in Fuel Assemblies - V. A. Voronina,
Yu. N. Kazachenkov, and V. D. Simonov .............................. 396 344
Temperature Field at the Surface of the Peripheral Assembly Fuel Elements in a Nuclear
Reactor with a Liquid-Metal Coolant - B. P. Shulyndin ..................... 399 347
Activation Component of the Response of a Self-Powered Neutron Detector to Thermal and
Epithermal Neutrons - 0. Erben ..................................... 402 349
Number of K-Emission Photons Generated by Monoenergetic Electrons and (3 Particles
- F. P. Teplov, V. P. Sytin, and A. I. Melovat-skaya ..................... 406 352
Viscosities of Molten Mixtures of Uranium Tetrafluoride with Alkali Fluorides
- V. N. Desyatnik, A. I. Nechaev, and Yu. F. Chervinskii .................. 408 354
Determination of Fuel Burnup in VVER-440 Assemblies with an "Aragonit" Radiation
Meter - 0. A. Miller, L. I. Golubev, G. A. Kulakov, and Yu. V. Efremov ....... 410 356
Minimization of Energy Distribution Inhomogeneities in a Nuclear Reactor - V. V. Pobedin
and V. D. Simonov ...... ................................. 411 357
Formation of Hydrogen in the Radiolysis of Water Vapor - B. G. Dzantiev, A. N. Ermakov,
and V. N. Popov....... .................................... .. 414 359
INFORMATION
The 45th Meeting of the Scientific Council of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
- V. G. Sandukovskii.............................................. 416 361:.
CONFERENCES AND SEMINARS
Conference on the Fifth Anniversary of the Commissioning of Leningrad Nuclear Power
Station - A. P. Sirotkin....... I ................ ............. .. 421 364
All-Union Conference on Ionizing-Radiation Protection of Nuclear Engineering Facilities
- V. P. Mashkovich .......................................... 422 365
Soviet- French Seminar on Safety of Atomic Power Plants with .
Water-Moderated-Water-Cooled Reactors - A. N. Isaev ................. 424 366
Meeting of Group of IAEA Advisers on Atomic Power Plant Safety - 0. M. Kovalevich... 426 368
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Volume 46, Number 6 June, 1979
ARTICLES
Twenty-Five Years of Nuclear. Power - A. G. Meshkov .......................
Status of the First Nuclear Power Station - V. S. Sever'yanov and V. B. Tregubov .....
Radiation Safety of Fast-Reactor Fuel Cycles - O. D. Bakumenko, E. M. lkhlov,
M. Ya. Kulakovskii, M. F. Troyanov, and.A. G. Tsikunov..................
Neutron-Physical Characteristics of BATE Ts Reactors (Based on the Results
of the Manual Start-,Ups of FourReactors), - A. A. Vaimugin, P. G. Dushin,
O. V. Komissarov, A. G. Kostromin, N. I. Logosha, V. F. Lyubchenko,
M. E. Minashin,. G. E. Soldatov, and V. N. Sharapov .....................
Ways of Altering the Coefficients of Reactivity in RBMK Reactors - V. I. Pushkarev,
A. D. Zhirnov, and A. P. Sirotkin ..................................
Calculation of Coolant Flow Rate by Radiation Methods and Power in First Unit
of Armenian Atomic Power Plant - L. N. Bogachek, A. L. Egorov, V. V. Lysenko,
A. I. Musorin, M. M. Parsadanyan, O. P. Prudnikova, A. I. Rymarenko,
A. G. Tevanyan, V. L. Timchenko, S. G. Tsypin, and V. A. Shmondin .........
Physical Start-Up of IBR-2 Pulsed Research Reactor - V. D. Anan'ev, V. A. Arkhipov,
A. I. Babaev, D. I. Blokhintsev, Yu. M. Bulkin, B. N. Bunin, E. D. Vorbb'ev,
N. A. Dollezhal', L. V. Edunov, V. S. Lavrukhin, V. L. Lomidze, V. V. Melikhov,
Yu. I. Mityaev, Yu. N. Pepelyshev, V. P. Plastinin, A. D. Rogov, V. S. Smirnov,
I. M. Frank, N. A. Khryastov, E. P. Shabalin, and Yu. S. Yazvitskii ...........
LETTERS
Application of Computer Tomography for Fuel-Element Inspection
E. Yu. Vasil'eva and A. N. Maiorov ...............................
Prospects for the Use of Carbon-Carbon Type of Materials in Nuclear Power
Engineering - K. A. Andrianov, K. P. Vlasov, L. L. Razumov, S. A. Kolesnikov,
V. I. Kostikov, I. I. Fedik, and L. M. Khananashvili .......................
Electromagnetic Converter for Flow Rate of Liquid Metal in Fuel Assemblies
- V. P. Kornilov and N. I. Loginov .................................
New Method for Detecting Boiling of Water in a Reactor - I. I. Zakharkin ....... ...
Energy Distribution of 235U Fission-Product Radiation for a Short Irradiation Time
- M. A. Harkina, E. S. Stariznyi, and A. Kh. Breger .....................
Interaction of the Coolant for Prolonged Flow around Bunches of Rods
- V. K. Rukhadze ........... ....
Resonance Integral for Neutron Capture by 244pU - A. A. Druzhinin, N. G. Krylov,
A. A. Lvov, Yu. M. Odintsov, and V. L. Sumatokhin ......... .... .
Absolute Measurements of the Cross Section for the Fission of 241Am by 2.5-MeV
Neutrons - B. M. Aleksandrov, Yu. A. Nemilov, Yu. A. Selitskii,
S. M. Solov'ev, V. B. Funshtein, S. V. Khlebnikov, and B. M. Shiryaev..........
SCIENCE ARCHIVES
History of the- Startup of the First Nuclear Power Station (Documents and
Information) ..:. . ........ .............. . .....
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION
Conference of-the International Working Group on INTOR - V. I.Pistunovich ...........
Conference of the Working Group on Power Generation - M. V. Agranovich ............ ,
CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, AND SYMPOSIA -
Conference on Heat Exchange and Hydrostatic Resistance during the Motion of a
Two-Phase Flow - P. A. Ushakov and A. A. Ivashkevich .....................
Seminar on the Reliability of Nuclear Power Generating Facilities - A. I. Klemin........
Seminar on Steam-Generators for Fast Reactors - B. I. Lukasevich .................
French-Soviet Seminar on Reactors for Heat Supply - S. A. Skvortsov ...............
427
371
430
375
433
378
437
382
441
386
445
390
449
393
458
403
461
406
464
408
467
410
469
411
471
413
473
414
475
416
477
419
-483.
423,
484
423
485
424
486
425
487
425
489
427
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Seminar on the Water Treatment, Water Cycle, and Corrosion Protection in
Thermal and Nuclear Power Stations- Yu. V. Balaban-Irmenin ................ 490 428
Soviet-American Symposium on Hybrid Thermonuclear Reactors - G. E. Shatalov ....... 491' 428
Twelfth European Conference on the Interaction of Laser Radiation with a Substance
- V. Yu. Baranov and A. Yu. Sebrant ........ ...:...................... 493 429
NEW BOOKS
A. M. Petros'yants. Problems of Nuclear Science and Technology
- Reviewed by Yu. I. Koryakin ..... ................................ 495 430
A. A. Vorob'yen, N. S. Rudenko, and V. I. Smetanin. Spark Chamber Techniques
- Reviewed by B. P. Maksimenko ................... ................ 496 431
E. E. Kovalova. Atlas of the Dose Characteristics of External Ionizing Radiation
(Handbook) - Reviewed by Yu. V. Sivintsev ......... ................... 497 432
1. Ya. Emel'yanov, V. V. Voskoboinikov, and B. A. Maslenok. Design Principles
of Nuclear Reactor Control Mechanisms - Reviewed by I. T. Gusev .... ............ 497 432
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Fifth Scientific Conference on Power Generation in the High School of Engineering
at Zittau (German Democratic Republic) ................................ 499 433
Volume 47, Number 1 July, 1979
ARTICLES
Combination of Nuclear-Geophysical Methods and Apparatus for Increasing the Efficiency
of Prospecting, Extraction, and Reprocessing of Nonradiactive Mineral Raw
Materials (by the Example of Tin Ores) - S. A. Baldin, S. N. Voloshchuk,
B. G. Egiazarov, L. V. Zernov, I. A. Luchin, V. V. Matveev, L. Ch. Pukhal'skii,
and N. I. Chesnokov .......................................................... . ..501 3
Algorithm for the Extremal Control of the Energy Distribution in a Power Reactor
--I. Ya. Emel'yanov, V. V. Postnikov, and G. V. Yurkin ........................ 506 8
Some Peculiarities of the Structure of the Flow in the Case of Critical Discharge
Conditions of Boiling Water through Cylindrical Channels - V. S. Aleshin .......... 512 12
Dependence of the Ejection Coefficient of Uranium on the Flux of Thermal Neutrons
-G. P. Ivanov, V. A. Bessonov, N. A. Grinevich, V. A. Popovichev, and
E. A. Borisov ................................................................ 516 15
Effect of Irradiation on The Ultimate Fracture Strength of the Alloy Zr-2.5% Nb
- 0. A. Shat-skaya, E. Yu. Rivkin, A. M. Vasnin, V. V. Klyushin, A. V. Kozlov,
V. M. Nalesnik, and M. E. Rodin ............................................. 519 18
Role of Impurities in Irradiation Embrittlement of Low-Alloy Steel - V. A. Nikolaev,
V. V. Rybin, and V. I. Badanin .... ............. ...................... .... 523 21
Yields of Some Fragments from Fission of 235U, 238U, and 239Pu by Neutrons from
Spectrum of BR-1 Fast Reactor - L. N. Yurova, A. V. Bushuev, V. N. Ozerkov,
V. V. Chachin, A. V. Zvonarev, Yu. G. Liforov, Yu. V. Koleganov, V. V. Miller,
and O. V. Gorbatyuk ......................................................... 528 26
Neutron Yield of (a, n) Reaction on Oxygen - V. I. Bulanenko .......................... 531 28
Instrumental Neutron-Activation Analysis of Submilligram Amounts of Geochemical
Samples - V. I. Drynkin, E. V. Karus, V. D. Nartikoev, B. V. Belen'kii, and
A. L. Kerzin ................................................................ 534 31
Calculation of Photoneutron Yields from Thick Targets in Giant-Resonance Region
- V. I. Isaev and V. P. Kovalev ............................................... 538 34
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
An Accelerating Section for Reducing the Radiation Level in the Absorber Section of a Linac
- V. S. Balagura, V. M. Grizhko, I. A. Grishaev, L. K. Myakushko,
B. G. Safronov, and G. L. Fursov ............................................. 543 39
y-Ray Recording Efficiency of a Spherical Detector - D. I. Konstantinov ............... 546 41
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Examination of Irradiated Metal Diborides by C-Ray Diffraction - Kh. 9. Maile,
I. A. Naskidashvili, and T. Sh. Berdzenishvili ........... .. .................
548
42
Neutron Spectra in the.MeV Range in Fast. Critical Assemblies - V. M. Lityaev,
V. A. Dulin, and Yu. A. Kazanskii ............................................
550
44
Effects of Various Factors on the Absorbed-Dose Distribution in Thin Layers
- V. V. Krayushkin ................ .................................. .....
552
46
A Calorimeter for Measuring Local Electron-Beam Absorbed Doses - V. A. Berlyand,
V. V. Generalova, and M. N. Gurskii ........... ............... .
554
47
Determination of Nuclear Constants as an Inverse Problem in Radiation Transport
- V. N. Dushin ............
556
48
Effects of Bombardment by He+, Ni+, and Cr+ on Microhardness and Corrosion Cracking
of Stainless Steels - B. G. Vladimirov, V. M. Gusev, and V. S. Tsyplenkov .......
558
50
Nonstationary Prompt-Neutron Diffusion in a Fast Assembly - V. E. Kolesov,
O. I. Makarov, and I. P. Matveenko ..........................................
560
51
Effects of Ion-Bombardment Dose and Previous Surface Treatment on the Erosion of
Molybdenum - B. A. Kalin, D. M. Skorov, and V. L. Yakushin ..................
562
53
A Cadmium-Sulfide y-Ray Dosimeter with Elevated Stability under Irradiation
- V. K. Dubovoi ....................................................... .....
.
564
54
243am
The Thermal-Neutron Fission Cross Section and the Fission-Resonance Integral for
- K. D. Zhuravlev and N. I. Kroshkin ....................... ..............
565
55
Absolute Measurement of the Branching Ratio for the 277.6-keV Line of 239Np
- V. K. Mozhaev, V. A. Dulin, and Yu. A. Kazanskii ...........................
566
55
Calculation of the True Volume Proportion of Steam in the Driving Section of a Natural-
Circulation Loop - L. N. Polyanin and A. L. Putov ............................
567
56
A Local Approach to Determination of the Coordinates of an Interface - F. L. Gerchikov
and V. D. Kosarev ...........................................................
569
57
ANNIVERSARIES
Academician Pavel Alekseevich Cherenkov (On His 75th Birthday Anniversary)
- E. I. Tamm and B. B. Govorkov ............................................
572
59
The 50th Birthday Anniversary of Evgenii Vladimirovich Kulov ...................
574
60
INFORMATION
The Accident at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant ...........................
575
61
CONFERENCES, MEETINGS, AND SEMINARS
Second All-Union Conference on the Chemistry of Uranium - E. A. Semenova ..........
579
63
Symposium on the Scientific Foundations of Radioactive Waste Handling - V. I. Spitsyn
and A. S. Polyakov ..........................................................
580
64
Conference of Experts on the Effect of Nuclear Power on the Environment
- L. A. Il'in and V. I. Karpov ..................
582
65
Scientific- Technical Conference "Energy and Environmental Protection"
- B. M. Stolyarov ...........................................................
583
66
International Seminar on the Practical Significance of the ICRP Recommendations
- Yu. V. Sivintsev ............... ............................... . .........
585
67
Conference on the Disruptive. In stability in Closed Systems - V. G. Merezhkin ..........
586
68
NEW BOOKS
V. L. Blinkin and V. M. Novikov. Liquid-Salt Nuclear Reactors - Reviewed by
Yu. I. Koryakin .. ........................................................
588
69
V. V. Fisenko. Critical Two-Phase Flows - Reviewed by V. N. Smolin ................ .
588
69
Tritium Measurement Techniques - B. P. Maksimenko ...............................
590
70
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Volume 47, Number 2 August, 1979
ARTICLES
Choice of Organic Diliuents for the Extractive Regeneration of the Spent Fuel
of Nuclear Power Plants - G. F. Egorov, A. P. llozhev, A. S. Nikiforov,
V. S. Smelov, V. B. Shevchenko, and V. S. Shmidt ................ I....... 591 75
Possible Core Designs for the VG-400 Nuclear Power Plant - E. V. Komarov,
F. V. Laptev, A. G. Lyubivyi, F. M. Mitenkov, O. B. Samoilov,
and Yu. B. Sukhachevskii ....................................... 597 79
Analysis of Neutron Yield Produced by High-Energy Proton - Y. Nakahara
and H. Takahashi .............................. 602 83
Calculation of the Pressure Change Caused by Saturated Steam Entering a Vessel
- A. K. Zvonarev, V. N. Maidanik, A. P. Proshutinskii, A. G. Tolmachev,
and V. K. Shanin ...... ..... 614 91
Method of Calculating the Functionals of Cross Sections in the Region of Forbidden
Resonances - V. N. Koshcheev and V. V. Sinitsa . . .... ............. .618 94
Principles of Construction of Crystal Coordinate Detectors for Nuclear Radiation
- B. M. Lebed' and I. I. Marchik............ ? ..................... 622 97
Production of 109Cd by Irradiating 107Ag with Reactor Neutrons - A. G. Beda,
A. V. Davydov, A. V. Lyakhov, and K. I. Shchekin ....... ............... 626 101
Calculation of Radiation Burden from Secondary Neutrons during Proton Irradiation
of Tumors- V. I. Kostyuchenko, B. I. Reznik, and A. P. Shchitov ............ 630 104
LETTERS
Vacuum Fission Chambers for Neutron Monitoring - A. B. Dmitriev, E. K. Malyshev,
and O. I. Shchetinin ........................... ? ........... . . 636 108
Phase Diagrams of Systems of Uranium Trifluoride with Fluoride of Alkali Metal
- V. A. Volkov, I. G. Suglobova, and D. E. Chirkst ...................... 638 110
Calculation of Parameters of Scintillation Detectors for Low-Activity 'y Rays
- I. F. Lukashin ............................................. 641 112
Release of Hydrogen from OKh16N15M3B Steel on Heating - A. G. Zaluzhnyi,
D. M. Skorov, A. G. Zholnin, V. D. Onufriev, I. N. Afrikanov, V. S. Tsyplenkov,
V. G. Vladimirov, and V. P. Kopytin ................ ........ ..... 644 113
Backscattering Coefficients of Electrons - G. B. Radzievskii ................. 646 114
Measurement of Water and Steam Flows in a Sealed Vessel - V. N. Maidanik,
L. N. Mitrakov, A. P. Pros hutinskii, A. G. Tolmachev, Yu. A. Favorin,
and V. K. Shanin ............................................ 649 117
Nondestructive Method of Measuring the Activity Distributions of Sources
- V. N. Groznov, V. M. Kotov, V. V. Paramonov, B. V. Sorokin,
and, Yu. S. Cherepnin ......................................... 652 118
Radial Motion of Plasma Filament in Tokamak Thermonuclear Machine
- V. S. Manuilov ................... ......................... 654 119
Optimal Flattening of Two-Dimensional Energy Distribution - R. A. Peskov ........... 659 122
X Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Uranium in Water with Radioisotopic a Sources
- S. M. Brodskii, S. V. Mamikonyan, and V. I. Filatov ...................... 661 123
Comparison of Incomplete Factorization with Variable Directions in. Solving a One-Group
Two-Dimensional Reactor Equation - P. N. Alekseev, N. I. Buleev, S. M. Zaritskii;
V. A. Stukalov, and L. N. Usachev .......... ? ........................ 664 125
Experimental Investigation of Effect of Lead and Bismuth Multiplication Zones on Neutron
Parameters of Model of Liquid-Salt Blanket of Thermonuclear Reactor
- V. M. Novikov, S. B. Shikhov, V. L. Romodanov, V. A. Zagryadskii,
and D.. Yu. Chuvilin ..... ......... .. ? . . . . . . ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 127
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ANNIVERSARIES
Seventieth Birthday of Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogolyubov .... 669 129
COMECON CHRONICLES - INFORMATION
Journal of Collaboration .................. ........................ 672 131
Socialist Integration of Nuclear Science and Technology . ......................... 673 133
CONFERENCES, MEETINGS, AND SEMINARS
Seminar on Procedural Problems for Investigating the Reliability of Large
Power-Generating Systems - T. A. Golubeva ............................ 675 133
Fourth All-Union Seminar on High-Temperature Power Generation
- A. Ya. Stolyarevskii ........................................... 676 134
International Symposium on the Thermodynamics of Nuclear Materials
- V. V. Akhachinskii and A. S. Panov .................. ............. ,. 679 136
Conference on Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion - E. I. Kuznetsov ................. 681 138
Conference on Materials for Thermonuclear Reactors - N. A. Makhlin .............. 684 139
International IAEA Symposium on the Biological Consequences of the Discharge
of Radionuclides by Nuclear Installations - Yu. I. Moskalev ......... . .. . ... . 686 141
Urgent Problems of Radiation Protection - R. M. Aleksakhin , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 688 142
Seventh Seminar on Computer Simulation of Radiation and Other Defects
in Solids Yu. V. Trushin ...... .......... ....... ........... 689 143
Volume 47, Number 3 September, 1979
THIRTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Development of the Nuclear Power Industry In the German
Democratic Republic - W. Mitzinger ...............................
Nuclear Research of the Academy of Sciences of the German
Democratic Republic in the Light of the Decisions of the Ninth
Congress of the German Socialist Unity Party
-K. Fuks .................................................
ARTICLES
Effect of Nonuniformity of Fuel Depletion with Height on the Physical
Characteristics of a Reactor - A. M. Afanas'ev and B. Z. Torlin ............
Power Effect of Reactivity in Fast Power Reactor with Allowance
for Behavior of Fuel under Irradiation - G. M. Pshakin
and A. A. Proshkin ............................................
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Sodium Void Effect
of Reactivity - S. P. Belov, P. V. Gerasimov, Yu. A. Kazanskil,
V. I. Matveev, G. M. Pshakin, and P. L. Tyutyunonikov ...................
Minimization of Loss of Energy Output by System of Reactors
Operating with a Variable Load Schedule - V. I. Naumov
and A. M. Zagrebaev .......................... .............. .
Effect of Entrance Conditions on the Development of Turbulent Flow
in Circular Pipes - B. N. Gabrianovich, Yu. D. Levchenko,
Yu. P. Trubakov, and P. A. Ushakov ...............................
A Graphicoanalytical Method for Determining the Length of Elements
along the Height of a Multielement Thermoemissive Assembly
- V. V. Sinyavskii .................................. ......... .
Fission Neutron Detectors - Z. A. Aleksandrova, V. I. Boll shov,
I. E. Bocharova, K. E. Volodin, V. G. Nesterov, L. I. Prokhorova,
G. N. Smirenkin, and Yu. M. Turchin ....... ...... ............... .
Analysis of the Reliability of Radiochemical Plants with Electron
Accelerators - V. M. Kshnyaskin and Yu. D. Kozlov .....................
691 147
693 149
697 152
703 157
708. 161
713 165
715 167
718 169
721 172
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Engl./Russ.
NEW BOOKS
E. P. Anan'ev. Atomic Plants in Power Engineering
- Reviewed by Yu. I. Koryakin ................................ ... 730 179
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Evaluation of the Selectivity of Electrochemical Reactor-Fuel
Recovery on the Basis of Thermodynamic Data - V. A. Lebedev .................. 731 180
Determination of Neutron and Radiation Components of Energy Release
in Boron-Containing Rods Using Gray Chambers - V. P. Polionov,
Yu. G. Pashkin, and Yu. A. Prokhorov .................................. 733 182
Photoproduction of Neutrons in a Thick Lead Target - V. I. Noga,
Yu. N. Ranyuk, and Yu. N. Telegin .................................... ................... 735 183
Mathematical Model for Calculating Fission Products Concentration
and Energy Release in Circulating Nuclear Fuel
- L. I: Medvedovskii, E. S. Stariznyi, V. A. Cherkashin,
V. A. Rudoi, and K. I. Stepanova .................... ............... 737 184
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
A Possibility of Reducing the Doubling Time for Thermal
Liquid-Salt Breeder Reactors _ V. L. Blinkin ............................. 740. 186
A Possibility for the Use of Highly Active Fuel Regeneration Wastes
of Fast Power Reactors - E. M. Vetrov and E. M. Ikhlov ...................... 742 187
Use of a Crystal Synchrotron Target to Obtain a Positron Beam
- V. G. Potemkin and S. A. Vorob'ev ................................... 744 188
Gas- Chromatographic Apparatus for Determining Carbon in Uranium
and Uranium Dioxide Pellets with Serial Loading of Specimens
- V. A. Nikol'skii, V. K. Markov, A. S. Panov, and B. S. Valyunin ................ 746 190
a Particle Recording with RF-3 Film Track Detectors - I. V. Zhuk,
A. P. Malykhin, L. P. Roginets, and O. I. Yaroshevich ...................... 748 191
Identification and Estimate of Tritium Content in VVR-M Reactor
Water - A. M. Drokin, V. K. Kapustin, V. P. Korotkov,
V. V. Leonov, V. K. Mironov, and Yu. P. Saikov ............................ 750 192
Calculation of X-Ray and y-Ray Photoelectric Attenuation Factors
for Statistical Modeling of Transport Processes - O. S. Marenkov
and T. V. Singarieva .............................................. 752 194
Purification of Iron from U and Ra Microimpurities by Zone Melting
- I. R. Barabanov, L. P. Volkova, V. N. Gavrin, V. .1. Glotov,
D. S. Kamenetskaya, L. L. Koshkarov, I. B. Piletskaya,
and V. I. Shiryaev ............................................. 754 195
Reliability of Detection of Sodium Boiling by Correlation of Acoustic
and Neutron Noise - B. V. Kebadze and K. A. Aleksandrov ..................... 756 197
Calculation of Sanitary-Protective Zones around Accelerators
- Yu. A. Volchek ................................................ 759 198
Systematics of (n, p) and (n, a) Cross Sections - V. N. Levkovskii .................... 762 200
Reactimeter with a Pulsed Measurement Channel - V. A. Lititskii,
A. G. Kostromin, V. V. Bondarenko, and F. B. Bryndin........................ 764 202
Estimate of the Risk from the Combined Action of Radiation
and Chemical Agents - V. N. Lystsov and V. A. Kinzhinkov ..................... 767 203
Estimate of Doppler Broadening of Resonances - V. V. Kolesov
and A. A. Luk' yanov .............................................. 770 205
Neutron Resonances of 247Cm in the Energy Range 0.5-20 MeV
- T. S. Belanova, A. G. Kolesov, A. V. Klimov, S. N. Nikol'skit,
V. A. Poruchikov, V. N. Nefedov, V. S. Artamonov, R. N. Ivanov,
and S. M. Kalebin ................................................ 772 206
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CONFERENCES, MEETINGS, SEMINARS
Soviet-British Seminar on Fast Reactors - R. P. Baklushin ......................
774
208
Conference on Hydrogen Power Generation - Yu. I. Koryakin ......... . . . . . . . . .
776
209
Second Conference of the Consultative Group on Nuclear Data
for the Isotopes. of the Actinide Elements - V. M. Kulakov ....................
777
210
Soviet-Swedish Seminar on the Burial of Radioactive Waste
- L. P. Zavyal'skii.................................................
779
211
National` Conference in the USA on Charged-Particle Accelerators
Yu. M. Ado and I. N. Semenyushkin ..................... ..... .......
780
212
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS
Tenth Spring Symposium on High Energy Physics - A. B. Kaidalov .......
............
783
213
.
Fifth Meeting of the Combined Soviet-Canadian Working Group
on Collaboration in the Field of Power Generation - M. B. Agranovich ............
784
213
First Meeting of the Joint Soviet-French Working Group on Collaboration
in the Field of Electric Power Generation - M. B. Agranovich .................
784
214
First Moscow Kurchatov Lecture - I. A. Reformatskii ................... .....
785
214
NEW BOOKS'.
Kh. Wong. Basic. Formulas and Data on Heat Exchange for Engineers
- Reviewed by P. L. Kirillov ................. .......... .......
786
215
I. I. Malashinina and I. I. Sidorova. Training Equipment for Nuclear
Power Station Operators - Reviewed by S. G. Muradyan .....................
787
215
G. M. Fradkin (Editor). Radioisotope Sources of Electric Power
- Reviewed by A. A. Efremov ....................................
788
215
Volume 47, Number 4 October, 1979
Current Problems of Radiation Ecology and Hygiene in Nuclear Power
- E. I. Vorob'ev, L. A. III in, V. A. Knizhnikov, and R. M. Aleksakhin..........
791
219
Accelerators for Industry and Medicine (Contemporary State
and Prospects) - V. A. Glukhikh ..................... .........
797
225
Analysis of the Reliability of Pipes and Pressure Vessels
at Atomic Electric Power Plants - A. I. Klemin and E. A. Shiverskii..........
804
230
Optimization of Nuclear Power System Integrated within COMECON
S. Ya. Chernavskii, N. A. Trekhova, and Yu. I. Koryakin ................
808
234
Fuel Contribution to the Cost of Nuclear Power - B. B. Baturov,
S. V. Bryunin, A. D. Zhirnov, Yu. I. Koryakin, V. I. Pushkarev,
and V. I. Rubin .. ................................... .....
812
237
Mathematical Model of the Optimization of the Structure of Nuclear
Heat Sources - V. P. Brailov, M. E. Voronkov, and V. M. Chakhovskii.........
816
241
Operating Experience with Automatic Reactor-Power Control System
at Obninsk Atomic Power Plant Employing Signals from In-Core
Self-Powered Detectors - M. G. Mitel'man, N. D. Rozenblyum,
V. B. Tregubov, Yu. M. Shpiposkikh, and A. I. Shtyfurko ...................
820
244
Fission Products as y-Ray Sources - E. S. Stariznyi, M. A. Markina,
and V. A. Cherkashin .........................................
824
247
Particle Loss in a Linear Proton Accelerator due to Random
Errors in the Channel Focusing Parameters - P. N. Ostroumov
and A. P. Fateev .............................................
831
254
NEW BOOKS
S. M. Gorodinskii. Methods of Individual Protection of Workers
Handling Radioactive Material - Reviewed by Yu. V. Sivintsev ..............
837
259
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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Effect of y-Radiation on the Detecting Properties of Lavsan Film
- S. P. Tret'yakova and T. I. Mamonova......................... .... 839 261
Use of Californium Neutron Sources to Determine Basic Element-Salt
Composition of Seawater under Natural Conditions
- E. M. Filippov ............... ............................ 841 263
Efficiency of Nuclear-Fuel Utilization by Molten-Salt Converter
Reactors - V. M. Novikov and V. L. Blinkin ........................... 844 264
Gas-Chromatographic Examination of the Accumulation of 3H,
85Kr, and 133Xe in the Protective Gas, Sodium Coolant,
and Constructional Materials of the BR=10 - L. I. Moseev,
N. N. Aristarkhov, I. A. Efimov, V. N. Piskunov, V. I. Smolyakov,
and S. I. Shkuro ... ... ............. ........................... 847 266
Critical Temperature Rise in a Coolant in an Annular Channel
- Yu. S. Yur'ev and M. A. Vladimirov ..... ......... ................. 849 268
Measurement of the Total Neutron Cross Section of 145Nd
- V. A. Anufriev, A. G. Kolesov, S.N.Nikol'skit, and V. A. Safonov ............... 851 269
Wide-Range Fission Chamber for Control and Safety Systems
of Nuclear Reactors - E. K. Malyshev, V. G. Belozerov,
and O. I. Shchetinin ..................... ......... ............ 853 271
Radiochemical Detector of Low-Intensity Fast Neutrons
- I. R. Barabanov, V. N. Gavrin, G. T. Zatsepin, I. V. Orekhov,
and E. A. Yanovich ............................................... 856 273
Comparison of Calculations on a Standard Fast Reactor
- A. I. Voropaev, A. A. Van'kov, and A. M. Tsibulya ....................... 857 274
Effects of Coolant Input Parameters on the Thermohydraulic Characteristics
of a Field Steam-Generating Tube - P. L. Kirillov, S. I. Kondrat'ev,
and V. A. Farafonov .... ..... .............................. .... 858 275
New Atomizdat Books (Third Quarter of 1979) ............................ 860 276
ANNIVERSARIES
Eightieth Birthday Anniversary of Academician Nikolai
Antonovich Dollezhal' ..................... ....... ............ 861 277
Viktor Alekseevich Sidorenko ........................................... 863 279
CONFERENCE, SEMINARS, AND SYMPOSIA
Second European Nuclear Conference - I. D. Rakitin .................. .... 865. 280
Soviet-French Seminar on Sodium-Water Steam Generators
P. L. Kirillov ........................ ...................... 867 281
International Symposium on the Physics and Chemistry of Fission
- G. B. Yan'kov ................................................ 869 282
Second International Conference on the Use of Nuclear Methods
of Analysis in Analytical Chemistry - V. P. Varvaritsa
and Yu. F. Rodionov ........................... ........ ... . 870 283
Twenty-Eighth Session of the Scientific Committee of the United Nations
on the Effect of Nuclear Radiation - A. A. Moiseev ....................... 872 285
International Conference "Neutrino-79" - A. A. Pomanskii .................. :.... 873 285
NEW BOOKS
S. N. Kraitor. Dosimetry in the Case of Radiation Accidents
- Reviewed by G. V. Shishkin ....................................... 876 287
Volume 47, Number 5 ' November, 1979
ARTICLES .
Research and Development in Water Treatment for Nuclear
Power Stations - V. M. Sedov, I. L. Rybal'chenko, and A. P. Anan'ev ............. 879 291
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Chemical-Engineering Plant for Nuclear Power Stations
and T. S. Shavlova .............................................
Use of Pearlitic Steels in Atomic Power Plants with Boiling Reactors
- V. V. Gerasimov, A. I. Gromova, V. N. Belous, and V. G. Denisov ........ . . . . .
Removal of Radioiodine from Gases with a System of Block-Selective
Sorbents - L. N. Moskvin, V. S. Miroshnikov, V. A. Mel,nikov,
and V. V. Chetverikov ... ...
Thermal Expansion of Structural Graphite and the Effect of Neutron Irradiation
- Yu. S. Virgil'ev ..................................... ..... ...
.Experimental Investigation of Resonance Absorption in RBMK Lattice
P. M. Kamanin and V. M. Kachanov ............... .
Projection-Iteration Processes of Solving the Transport Equation
by Using Elementary Solutions - B. D. Abramov and V. A. Korneev ..............
Thermal-Hydraulic Calculations of Heat Exchangers with Nonuniform
Coolant Flow in Bundle - V. I. Subbotin, F. M. Mitenkov,
V. M. Borishanskii, V. M. Budov, V. F. Golovko, M. A. Gotovskii,
A. D. Efanov, A. P. Kolmakov, N. V. Mizonov, P. A. Ushakov,
E. V. Firsova, and Yu. S. Yur'ev ....................................
Measurement of Tritium Concentration in Heavy-Water Reactor
- Yu. V. Dyadin, G. M. Kukavadze, and L. Ya. Memelova ....................
Solvent-Extraction Choice Criteria - S. M. Karpacheva .........................
Interaction of High-Current Relativistic Electron Beam with Matter
- A. N. Didenko, S. A. Chistyakov, and A. P. Yalovets .......... . . . . . . . . . .
LETTERS
Studies on Diffusion of Cobalt in Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Steels
0Kh16N15M3B and 1Kh18N10T - L. V. Pavlinov, A. M Gladyshev,
and V. N. Sugonyaev .................................... .
........
Experiments on Reactor Control with Gas - I. Ya. Emet' yanov,
E. V. Filipchuk, P. T. Potapenko, V. V. Fedulov, G. T. Potapenko,
and V. P. Sivokon' ..............................................
Estimation of the Boiling Safety Margin in Research
Reactors - E. A. Garusov and Yu. V. Petrov............................. .
Effect of Temperature Drop on Swelling of Steel Kh18N9 along Wall
of Case of Control and Safety System - V. I. Shcherbak,
L. G. Kostromin, and V. D. Dmitriev...................................
Logarithmic Inversion Model of Reactor Kinetics and Its Approximation
-I. N. Brikker, B. A. Pryanishnikov, V. D. Simonov, and B. V. Yudanov ..........
State of Metal Surfaces after Various Chemical Actions during Start-Up
of Atomic Power Plant - V. M. Sedov, P. G. Krutikov,
N. V. Nemirov, and N. A. Bliznyuk ............... .
BOOK, REVIEWS
V. P. Kovalev. Secondary Radiation from Electron Accelerators
- Reviewed by S. F. Roslik ........................................
B. V. Gromov. An Introduction to the Chemical Engineering of Uranium
- Reviewed by V. I. Zemlyanukhin and O. I. Knyazev........................
ANNIVERSARIES
60th. Birthday of Fedor Grigor'evich Reshetnikov ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMECON CHRONICLE
First Session of the Scientific-Technical Council on the Processing
and Decontamination of Radioactive Products - A. F. Tsarenko ................
Containing RBMK-1000 Reactors - V. M. Sedov, P. G. Krutikov,
G. P. Vologdina, L. I. Loshkova, A. P. Eperin, K. D. Rogov,
882
294
888
300
892
303
894
305
899
309
906
314
911
318
916
321
919
324
923
328
928
333
929
334
931
335
934
336
935
337
940
340
943
342
944
342
945
343
947
344
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CONFERENCES, CONGRESSES, MEETINGS
International -Conference on the Irradiation Behavior of Structural Materials
for Fast-Reactor Cores - V. D. Onufriev ......... .................. 949 345
International Conference on the Fundamental Mechanism of Radiation-Induced
Creep and Growth - A. N. Ivanov ..................................... 951 346
Meeting of IAEA Experts on 85Kr Formed during Operation of Nuclear Plants
- D. V. Ochkin .................................................. 953 348
Use of Ceramic Materials to Incorporate Radioactive Wastes
- A. S. Polyakov .... ......................................... 956 349
Sixth International Congress on Radiation Research - E. R. Kartashev ............... 958 351
Sixth International Conference on-Laser Technique and Laser Applications
- V. Yu. Baranov ........................ ........... ..... 960 352
Second International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Fields
- V. F. Demichev ................................................. 962 353
Fourth Soviet-West German Seminar on M6ssbauer Spectroscopy
- P. A. Aleksandrov ........................................... 964 355
Third All-Union Meeting on Microdosimetry - V. I. Ivauov ........ ...... ..... 965 355
First All-Union Conference on Agricultural Radiology
- M. L. Goldin and R. A. Srapenyants .................................. 967 356
BOOK REVIEWS
I. R. Gekker. Interaction of Strong Electromagnetic Fields with Plasma
- Reviewed by V. M. Glagolev .......................................
Volume 47, Number 6 December, 1979
Stability Calculation for Large Pressurized-Water Reactors
- V. I. Plyutinskii and P. A. Leppik................................... 971 363
A Three-Pulse Regulator for Controlling the Coolant Temperature
in a Fast Reactor under Emergency Conditions - V. A. Afanas'ev,
V. M. Gryazev, V. N. Efimov, V. I. Plyutinskit, and A. N. Tyufyagin ............. 976 367
Synthesis of an Unsymmetrical-Zone Control System for Reactor Power
Distribution - I. Ya. Emel'yanov, L. N. Podlazov, A. N. Aleksakov,
and V. M. Panin ................................................ 979 370
Optimization of Plasma Parameters in a Hybrid Reactor-Tokamak
- A. S. Kukushkin and V. I. Pistunovich ... ......................... 983 374
Simulation of Nuclear-Fuel Solvent-Extraction Reprocessing.
7. Separation of Macroscopic Amounts of Plutonium and Uranium
by Displacement Reextraction of Plutonium in Reprocessing
Fast-Reactor Fuel (Section 1) - t. V. Renard and M. Ya. Zel'venskii ............ 988 377
Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Graphitic Materials
- P. A. Platonov, O. K. Chugunov, V. I. Karpukhin,
V. N. Kuznetsov, S. I. Alekseev, and V. P. Golovin ......................... 992 382
Transport of Thermal Neutrons from a Pulsed Source
in an Inhomogeneous Moderator with a Large Cavity
- Zh. M. Dzhilkibaev and M. V. Kazarnovskii .................. 997 386
Mass Spectrometric Method of Isotopic Analysis of Xenon Formed
in Nuclear Fission - Yu. A Shukolyukov, Ya. S. Kapusta,
and A. B. Verkhovskii ............................................ 1001 389
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Some Aspects of the Use of Low-Temperature Radiation in Neutron-Activation
Analysis of Biological Materials - L. M. Mosulishvili
and N. E. Kuchava ............................................... 1005 392
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Boron Control of Water-Moderated Water-Cooled Power Reactor
during Operation under Variable Loads - E. I. Ignatenko
and Yu. N. Pytkin............... 1007 393
Optimization of Probe Device for Selective y -y Borehole
Logging - D. K. Galimbekov and B. E. Lukhminskii ........................ 1009 394
Angular Distribution of Gamma Dose Rate at Deep Penetrations
- N. L. Kuchin, K. K. Popkov, and I. N. Trofimov ........... . ...... . 1011 396
Stripping of Uranium Ions of Energy over 60 GeV - E. L. Duman
and L. I. Men'shikov ................ ................ ........... 1014 398
Effect of Reactor Radiation on Thermoelectric Thermometers
- A. A. Fraktovnikova, M. I. Redchenko, and A. S. Kruglov .................... 1016 399
Some Distinctive Features of the Spectra of Delayed Neutrons
- B. P. Maksyutenko, A. A. Shimanskii, Yu. F. Balakshev,
and S. F. Gritskevich .. ........... ............................ 1019 401
New Data on the Alpha Decay of 242mAm - S. A. Baranov, V. M. Shatinskil,
and L. V. Chistyakov .............................................. 1022 404
New Measurements of the Partial Half-Lives of an Isomeric State
of 242mAm - A. G. Zelenkov, V. A. Pchelin, Yu. F. Rodionov,
L. V. Chistyakov, and V. M. Shubko .................................... 1024 405
Determination of Reactivity Excess from Results of Critical
and Subcritical Experiments - A. Yu. Gagarinskii,
O. E. Zhukov, A. F. Zaitsev, V. V. Petrov, R. R. Sadykov,
and L. S. Tsygankov .............................................. 1025 406
Effects of the Exit Channel on the Neutron Distribution in Beryllium
- V. N. Bogomolov, V. S. Gal'tsov, I. I. Zakharkin,
and P. P. Prokudin ............................. .. ........ .... 1027 407
An Eddy-Current Method of Checking for Leaks of Water (Steam)
in a Liquid-Metal Coolant - V. N. Tipikin................................ 1029 409
The Temperature Distribution in a Fuel Pin and Sheath with Radiative
Heat Transfer - V. F. Kuznetsov ..................................... 1031 410
A Hot-Neutron Generator with a Zirconium Hydride Rethermalyzer
- B. G. Polosukhin, V. G. Chudinov, B. N. Goshchitskii,
V. V. Gusev, and M. G. Mesropov ...................................... 1033 412
Effects of Uranium-Ore Segregation in Transport Containers
in Rapid Gamma Analysis - L. N. Posik and I. M. Khaikovich .................. 1035 413
Minimum-Deviation Regulation of Xenon Oscillations in a Reactor
.- B. Z. Torlin ... .... ...................................... 1038 415
Fission Cross Sections of ..................................................
and 238U to Neutrons with an Energy
of 14.7 MeV - I. D. Alkhazov, V. N. Dushin, S. S. Kovalenko,
O. I. Kostochkin, K. A. Petrzhak, V. I. Shpakov, R. Arlit,
V. Wagner, F. Weidhaas, V. Grimm, R. Krause, G. Musiol,
H. Ortlepp, and R. Teichner......................................... 1040 416
Experimental Basis for Simulation of Radiation Encountered in Space
Flights - E. I. Vorob'ev, E. E. Kovalev, V. A. Sakovich,
A. N. Serbinov, O. D. Brill', B. S. Gribov, and Yu. I. Zaborovskii ................ 1043 418
Irradiation Dose *of the Population of the Soviet Union from Cosmic
Radiation - R. A. Filov and t. M. Krisyuk ............................... 1046 420
OBITUARY
In Memory of Aleksei Petrovich Zefirov .................................... 1049 423
CONFERENCES, MEETINGS, AND SEMINARS
Automatic System for Reactor Monitoring, Control, and Safety
-P. A. Gavrilov and V. E. Trekhov .................................... 1051 424
Meeting of IAEA Technical Committee on Handling of Tritium-Containing
Wastes - B. Ya. Galkin and V. V. Tugolukov .............................. 1052 424
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Sixth Session of Soviet-American Coordination Commission
on Thermonuclear Energy - G. A. Eliseev ..................... ..... ..
.1053
425
Soviet-American Meeting on Alternative Thermonuclear Systems
E. E. Yushmanov...............................................
1055
427
Soviet-American Meeting on "Problems of the Interface
between High-Temperature Plasma and Limiter" - V. A. Abramov ...............
1057
428
Second Meeting of International Working Group on INTOR
- V. I. Pistunovich and G. E. Shatalov .... ........................
1059
429
European Conference on High-Energy Physics - L. I. Lapidus ......................
1060
430
Second International Seminar on High-Energy Physics and Field Theory ................
1062
431.:
Thrteenth European Meeting on Cyclotrons - N. I. Venikov .........................
1063
432
BOOK REVIEWS
A. N. Kondratenko. Penetration of a Field into Plasma
- Reviewed by S. S. Moiseev ........ ............... .. ......:....
1065
433
T. Cowling. Magnetic Hydrodynamics - B. P. Maksimenko .........................
1066
433
INDEX
Author Index, Volumes 46-47, 1979 . . . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
1069
Tables of Contents, Volumes 46-47, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .
1075
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from
CO(1IULTAnTI BUREAU
A AEW. JOURnAL..
Soviet MicroeiectrOnics
A cover-to-cover translation of Mikroelektronika
Editor: A. V. Ri anov
Academy of Sciehces of the(JSSR, Moscow
-~
Associate Editors; K' A. Valiev and M. I. Elinson
Secretary: P. I. Perov
Microelectronics is one of the.most critical areas of modern technology.'Filling the need for a primary research journal in.,
this important area, this bimonthly journal contains,articles on new advances in,the solution of fundamental problems of,
microelectronics. Noted scientists discuss new physical principles., materials, and methods for creating components, es-
pecially in large systems. Among the topics emphasized are:
~- r
? component and functional integration
? techniques for producing thin layer materials
? designs for integrating circuits and systems analysis
? methods for producing and'testing devices
? classificatiohland terminology.
Soviet Microelectronics provides an on-going up-to?date review of the field for electronics, and electrical engi,neers,-solid- ,
state physicists, materials scientists, and computer and information systems engineers. -
Subscription:' Volume 9, 1980 (6 issues) $160,00
Random Titles from this Journal
Optical. Image Recording and Charge Spreading in an MIS (Metal-lnsulator;Semiconductof) Structure-V. V. Pospelov.,'
V. N. Ryabokon',,K. K. Svidzinskii, and Vr"A, Kholodnov _
Diffraction, of Lightrat an :Amplitude-'Phase Grating Induced by Light in a Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor-Metal
Structure-L. A. Avdeeva, P. I. Perov, V; I. Polyakov, M. I. Elinsori, and B. G. Ignatov
Electrical Properties of Gallium-.Phosphide Displays-Yu. N. Nikolaev, and V. M. Tarasov
Epifaxial Gallium- Arsenide Films "Ior Microelectronics-L. N. Aleksandrov, Yu. G., Sidorov, V. M. Za'letin, and E. A.
Krivorotov
Effect of Conditions of Formation of Aluminum Oxide Films on the Properties of MOS Structures Based on Them- 8. Ya.
Aivazov, Yu. P. Medvedev, and B..O. Bertush ' ?
Effect of?Strong Electric Fields on the Charge Distribution in the Oxide in the System Electrolyte-Si02-Si-V. A. Tyagai,
0. V. Snitko. A. M. Evstigneev?N. A. Petrova, Yu. M, Shirshov' and 0. S. Frolov
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NEW RUSSIAN JOURNALS
IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION
BIOLOGY BULLETIN
lzvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Biologicheskaya
The biological proceedings,of the Academy of Sciences. of
the USSR, this\prestigious new bimonthly presents, the
work of the leading academicians on every aspect of the life
sciences-from micro- and molecular biology to zoology,
,physiology, and space medicine.
Volume 7, 1980 (6 issues) ............... $195.00
SOVIET JOURNAL OF MARINEBIOLOGY
Biologiya Morya
Devoted solely to research on marine organisms and their
activity, practical considerations for their preservation, and
reproduction of the biological' resources of the seas and
oceans.
Volume 6, 1980 (6 issues) ................ $115.00
WATER RESOURCES
Vodnye Resursy
Evaluates the water resources of specific geographical areas
throughout the world and reviews regularities of water re-
sources formation as well as scientific principles, of their
optimal use. `?
Volume 7, 1980 (6 issues) ............... $215.00
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Fiziologiya Cheloveka
A new, innovative journal concerned exclusively with theo-
retical and applied aspects of the expanding field of human
physiology.
Volume 6, 1980 (6 issues) .................. $195.00
SOVIET JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya
molecular ligands; complexing in solutions; and kinetics
and mechanisms of reactions involving the participation of
coordination compounds.
Volume 6, 1980 (12 issues) ................ $255.00
THE SOVIET JOURNAL OF GLASS PHYSICS
AND CHEMISTRY
Fizika i Khimiya Stekla '
Devoted to current theoretical and applied research on three
interlinked problems in glass technology;'the nature of the
chemical bonds, in -a vitrifying melt and in glass; the struc-
ture-statistical principle; and the, macroscopic properties
of glass. ,
Volume 6, 1980 (6 issues) .... _ ...... ...$145.00
LITHUANIAN MATHEMATICAL JOURNAL
Litovskii Materhaticheskii Sbornik
An international medium for the rapid publication of the
latest developments in mathematics, this quarterly keeps
western scientists abreast of both practical and theoretical
configurations. Among the many areas reported on in
depth are the generalized Green's function, the Monte
Carlo method, the "innovation theorem,"and the Martin-
gale problem.
Volume 20, 1980 (4 issues) ..... ....... $175.00
PROGRAMMING AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Programmirovanie
Reports on current progress in programming and the use of
computers. Topics covered include logical problems of
programming; applied theory of algorithms; control of com-
putational processes; program organization; programming
methods connected with the idiosyncracies of input lan-
guages, hardware, and problem classes; parallel programm-
ing; operating systems; programming systems; programmer
aids; software systems; data-control systems; 10 systems;
and subroutine libraries.
,Volume 6, 1980 (6 issues) .................. $115.00
Features articles on isolation and purification of naturally
occurring; biologically active compounds; the establishment
of their structure, methods of synthesis, and determination
of the relation between structure and biological function.
Volume 6, 1980 (12 issues) ................. $245.00
SOVIET JOURNAL OF COORDINATION; CHEMISTRY
Koordinatsionnaya Khimiya
Describes the achievements of modern theoretical and
applied coordination chemistry. Topics include the syn-
thesis and properties of new coordination compounds;
reactions involving intraspheral substitution and transforma-
tion of ligands; complexes with polyfunctional and macro-
SOVIET MICROELECTRONICS
Mikroelektronika
Reports on the latest advances in solutions of fundamental
problems of microelectronics. Discusses new physical
principles, materials, and methods for creating components,
especially in large systems. -
Volume 9, 1980 (6 issues) .................. $160.00
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