SOVIET ATOMIC ENERGY VOLUME 21, NUMBER 6

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 153
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 12, 2013
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: December 1, 1966
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
Volume 21 Number 6
_
cember, 1.966
.?,
SOVIET
ATOMIC
ENERGY
ATOMHAR 01-1E1310H
(ATOMilAYA,iNERGIYA)
TRANSLATED FROM RUSSIAN-.
CONSULTANTS BUREAU
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
SOVIET
ATOMIC
ENERGY
Soviet Atomic Epergy is a cover-to-cover translation of Atomnaya
Energiya, a publication of the Academy of Sciences of the USSFI
, An arrangement with Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, the Soviet book
export agency, makes available both advance copies of the Rus-
sian journal and original glossy photographs and artwork. This
serves to decrease the necessary time lag between publication
of the original and publication of the translation and helps to im-
prove the quality of the latter. The translation began withithe first
issue of the !Russian journal.
Editorial Board of Atomnaya Energiya:
Editor: M. D. Millionshchikov
Deputy. Director, Institute of Atomic Energy
imeni I. V. Kurchatov
Academy of Sciences of the USSR '
Moscow, USSR
Associate Editors: N. A. Kolokol'tsov
N, A. Vlasov
A. I. Alikhanov
A. A. Bochvar
N. A. Dollezhal'
V. S. Fursov
I. N. Golovin
V. F. Kalinin
A. K. Kraein
'A. I. Leipunskii
V. V. Matveev
M. G. Meshcheryakov
P. N. Palei
V. B. Sherchenko
D. L. Simonenko
V. I. Smirnov
A: P. Vinogradov
A. P. Zefirov
Copyrfght ? 1967 Consultants Bureau, a division of Plenum Publishing Corpora-
tion,,227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011. All rights reserved. No article
contained herein may be reproduced for any purpose whatsoever without per-
mission of the publishers.
Subscription ,
(12 Issues):? $95
Order from:
CONSULTANTS BUREAU
Single Issue: $30
Single Article: $15
227 West 17th Street, New York, New York 1001)
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
SOVIET ATOMIC ENERGY
A translation of Atomnaya energiya
Volume 21, Number 6
December, 1966
CONTENTS
The 1.5-GeV Electron Synchrotron in Tomsk Polytechnic Institute-A. A. Vorob'ev,
M. N. Volkov, A. G. Vlasov, V. A. Vizir', I. A. Gabrusenko, M. I. Dvoretskii,
G. I. Dimov, A. N. Didenko, V. V. Ivashin, V. N. Eponeshnikov, V. A.
Kochegurov, V. M. Kuznetsov, S. A. Kuznetsov, V. N. Kuz'min, B. N.
Kalinin, P. P. Krasnonosen'kikh, N. A. Lashuk, L. I. Minenko, Yu. K. Petrov,
G. A. Sipailov, B. A. Solntsev, G. P. Fomenko, I. P Chuchalin, M. T.
Engl./Russ.
Shivyrtalov, and P M. Shanin
1129
435
Linear Induction Accelerator-A. I. Anatskii, 0. S. Bogdanov, P. V. Bukaev, Yu. P.
Vakhrushin, I. F. Malyshev, G. A. Nalivaiko, A. I. Pavlov, V. A. Suslov, and
E. P. Khal'chitskii
1134
439
Time Structure of Particle Beams Obtained from the Synchrocyclotron in the United
Institute of Nuclear Research (0IYaI) -V. G. Zinov, S. V. Medved', and E. B.
Ozerov
1141
445
The BN-350 and the BOR Fast Reactors-A. I. Leipunskii, I. I. Afrikantov, V. V.
Stekoltnikov, 0. D. Kazachkovskii, V. V. Orlov, M. S. Pinkhasik, Yu. E.
Bagdasarov, R. P. Baklushin, I. V. Milovidov, A. A. Rineiskii, I. A.
Kuznetsov, Yu. A. Zakharko, Yu. N. Koshkin, V. I. Shiryaev, S. M.
Blagovolin, I. D. Dmitriev, I. S. Golovlin, and B. A. Tachkov
1146
450
Effect of the Surface Material of the Circuit on the Activity of Corrosion Deposits -
A. P. Veselkin and 0. Ya. Shakh
1158
462
Change in the Electrical Resistance of Nickel, Irradiated by a-Particles, on
Annealing-I. Ya. Dekhtyar, V. S. Mikhalenkov, V. V. Pilipenko, and V. I.
Silant'ev
1162
465
Effect of Neutron Irradiation on the Structure and Properties of Lanthanum
Hexaboride-M. S. Kovalichenko, V. V. Ogorodnikov, and A. G. Krainii
1168
470
Interaction of Tetravalent Uranium with the Chloride-Fluoride Melt NaCl-KC1-
NaF -M. V. Smirnov, A. P.Koryushin, and V. E. Komarov
1175
476
Conditions of the Deposition of Uranium from Hydrothermal Solutions of Metal
Disulfides According to the Experimental Data -B. S. Osipov
1179
479
Thermodynamic Data on the Stabilities of Uraninites of Variable Composition in
Supergene Conditions-A. A. Drozdovskaya and Yu. P. Mernik
1185
483
Radiation and Radiation Safety Picture at the Site of the Novo-Voronezh Nuclear
Power Plant-A. M. Petroslyants
1193
492
Angular Distribution of Multiply Scattered Beta-Radiation-L. M. Boyarshinov
1198
497
Calculating Temperature Distribution in Fuel Elements of a Water-Cooled Water-
Moderated Power Reactor-G. V. Sinyutin
1199
498
How to Measure the Active Concentration of Aerosols of Long-Lived c.-Active
Isotopes with a Scintillation Spectrometer-V. P. Grigorov
1201
499
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Azimuthal Drift of Charged Particles in an Axially Symmetric Magnetic
CONTENTS
(continued)
Engl./Russ.
Field With Mirrors?V. M. Balebanov and N. N. Semashko
1202
500
The 300-MeV Electron Synchrotron of the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute
?V. P. Anokhin, A. G. Vlasov, A. A. Vorob'ev, V. N. Eponeshnikov,
I. A. Gabrusenko, B. N. Kalinin, L. G. Kositsyn, V. A. Kochegurov,
V. N. Kuz'min, G. A. Sipailov, B. A. Solntsev, V. I. Tolmachev, and
I. P. Chuchalin
1205
502
Coefficient of Capture of Particles in an Accelerator ?A. S. Bakal
1207
503
Stabilization of Longitudinal Instabilities in Storage Devices by Means of a
Feedback System?E. A. Zhil'kov and A. N. Lebedev
1210
505
Radiative Capture of Fast Neutrons by Y89 ?V. A. Tolstikov, V. P. Koroleva,
V. E. Kolesov, and A. G. Dovbenko
1213
506
On the Measurement of Thermal-Neutron Fluxes and Cadmium Ratios from
the Activation of Gold?S. S. Bugorkov, A. S. Krivokhatskii, K. A.
Petrzhak, N. V. Skovorodkin, and A. V. Sorokina
1215
508
Water Reactor Hot Loop Studies?A. P. Veselkin, A. V. Nikitin, and Yu. V.
Orlov
1218
509
Monitoring the Oxygen and Hydrogen Contents of Fused Sodium by Measuring
its Electrical Resistance?V. I. Sobbotin, M. N. Ivanovskii, M. N.
Arnol'dov, B. A. Shmatko, and A. D. Pleshivtsev
1221
511
Random Thermoelastic Stresses Produced in a Wall by Temperature
Pulsations?M. Kh. Ibragimov, V. I. Merkulov, and V. I. Subbotin
1223
513
Method for Checking Leaktightness of VVR-M Reactor Fuel Elements
?I. F. Barchuk and D. T. Pilipets
1226
514
Uranium Content of Caspian Sea Sediments?G. N. Baturin
1228
515
A Matrix Method for Calculating a-Ray Spectra of Thick Sources?V. P.
Grigorov
1231
517
Measurement of the Dose of Products of the Nuclear Reaction B19(n, a)L17
and the Temperature in the Reaction Zone when Thermal Neutrons Act
on Borate Glasses?S. A. Gabsatarova and A. M. Kabakchi
1234
519
A Quasistationary Calorimetric Method of Dosimetry for High Fluxes of
Ionizing'Radiation?V. M. Kolyada, V. S. Karasev, and K. S. Pedchenko
1237
520
CHRONICLES
First Symposium on Low-Temperature Plasma Generators?B. A. Uryukov
1241
523
Crimean School for Theoretical Physicists ?S. Gerasimov, A. Govorkov, R.
Mir-Kasimov, and V. Zamiralov
1245
525
Conference on the Diffraction Techniques in the Study of Crystal Imperfections
?0. N. Efimov
1247
526
Symposium on the Disposal of Radioactive Wastes in Seas, Oceans, and
Surface Waters?V. M. Vdovenko, L. I. Gedeonov, and P. M. Chulkov
1249
527
INDEX
Author Index, Volumes 20 and 21, 1966
1253
Table of Contents, Volume 20 and 21, 1966
1259
The Russian press date (podpisano k pechati) of this issue was 12/3/66.
Publication therefore did not occur prior to this date, but must be assumed
to have taken place reasonably soon thereafter.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
qr
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
THE 1.5-GeV ELECTRON SYNCHROTRON IN TOMSK
POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
A.A. Vorobtev, M.N. Volkov, A. G. Vlasov,
V. A. Vizir', I. A. Gabrusenko, M.I.Dvoretskii,
G. I. Dimov, A. N. Didenko, V. V. Ivashin,
V. N. Eponeshnikov, V. A.Kochegurov, V. M.Kuznetsov,
S. A. Kuznetsov, V. N.KuzImin, B. N. Kalinin,
P. P.Krasnonosentkikh, N. A. Lashuk, L. I. Minenko,
Yu. K. Petrov, G. A. Sipailov, B. A. Solntsev, G. P. Fomenko,
I. P. Chuchalin, M. T. Shivyrtalov, and P.M. Shanin
UDC 621.384.612
A 1.5-Gev electron synchrotron is described. The synchrotron is of the weak-
focusing type with a magnetic-field fall-off index of n=0 58 The machine operates
under pulse conditions, with a repetition frequency of 1 cps. The injector is a 5.5-MeV
microtron. A voltage of 240 kV is required to accelerate electrons to 1.5 GeV, and this
is designed to be supplied by two resonators. An energy of 1.1 GeV and an accelerated-
beam intensity of 1.2.1010 particles per pulse was obtained in 1965 on a synchrotron
with one resonator.
Work on setting up the "Sirius" synchrotron in Tomsk Polytechnic Institute began in 1954 on the
initiative and under the direction of A. A. Vorob?ev.
The "Sirius" synchrotron (Fig. 1) differs from other analogous accelerators in a number of
features. For weak focusing, its energy is comparatively high, and together with the long acceleration
period this enables the effect of quantum fluctuations on the motion of the particles in cyclical accele-
rators to be studied.
Fig. 1. General view of synchrotron "Sirius."
Translated from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 21, No.6, pp.435-439, December, 1966. Original
article submitted August 1, 1966.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
1129
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
Injection on the curvilinear part of the magnet was used for the first time. Investigations showed
that the difficulties associated with conducting the beam in a stray magnetic field could be overcome,
and that the electrical field of the inflector could be made three times lower than that required for
injection in the rectilinear gap. This enabled the injection energy to be brought up to 12 or 15 MeV
with reasonable voltages on the inflector plates, i.e., to produce a substantial increase in the number of
particles accelerated in the synchrotron.
The synchrotron "Sirius" operates under pulse conditions with a repetition frequency of 1 cps,
selected from economic considerations. The pulse condition required the development of a high-power
switching system (over 60 kVA).
The individual components of the accelerator are described below.
ELECTROMAGNET AND ITS SUPPLY SYSTEM
The electromagnet of the synchrotron consists of four sectors separated by linear gaps free from
magnetic field. The radius of the equilibrium orbit in the sectors is 423 cm, the length of the recti-
linear part 157 cm, and the magnetic-field fall-off index 0.58.
The electromagnet units of the synchrotron are made of E-12 electrotechnical sheet steel 0.5 mm
thick. The maximum induction in the steel is 16, 000 G. The required accuracy in manufacturing the
plates was achieved by two-stage stamping. Each magnet sector consists of 24 C-shaped units with the
gap on the outside. The height of the gap at the radius of the equilibrium orbit is 12 cm. A steel block
60 mm thick serves as base for the sectors.
The blocks are fixed to welded bearing girders, which in turn are fixed into a reinforced-concrete
foundation. The blocks are set to an accuracy of ? 0.15 mm in height and ? 0.1 mm in radius. The
setting with respect to height is achieved with a hydro-leveling system and with respect to radius by
means of special measuring calipers. Magnetic measurements were carried out in all the units before
assembly. The order of the units in the sectors was determined from the results of these measurements,
on the principle of minimizing the lower harmonics obtained on expanding the magnetic-field inhomogenei-
ties into a Fourier series. The median geometric plane of the units was established to an accuracy of
? 1.5-10-3 rad relative to the horizontal and ? 0.2 mm in height. In the radial direction the units were
set to an accuracy of ? 0.4 mm. The azimuthal dimension of the magnetic sectors was established with
a theodilite, to an accuracy of 3.10-4 rad, by setting the end units of the sectors exactly and varying
the dimensions of the individual units inside the sectors. The geometric angle of the sectors equalled
88?59' ? 1'. The weight of the active steel in the magnet was 115 tons. The windings of the electromag-
net were copper tubes of outer diameter 22 and inner diameter 12 mm. These were cooled with distilled
water, the flow being 22 m3/h.
Correction for the following characteristics of the magnetic field is provided in the synchrotron
at the injection stage: magnetic-field index and median surface radial component of magnetic field
at each end of the sector, first and second harmonics of inhomogeneities, and effective angle of the
sector.
After assembly of the electromagnet, magnetic measurements were made in order to ascertain
the required correction parameters. The measuring program included investigations relating to various
levels of magnetic field, the azimuthal and radial distributions of field index, the shape of the median
surface, and the radial component of the field in the rectilinear gaps.
The magnetic measurements showed that the greatest distortions of magnetic field on injection
were due to the residual magnetization of the magnetic circuit, as a result of which the radial distor-
tion of the orbit reached ? 4.8 cm and the magnetic-field fall-off index 1.02. In order to remove the
residual magnetization, the electromagnet is demagnetized after each working cycle by the unipolar
current pulse of amplitude 400A flowing through the principal winding of the electromagnet. The greatest
vertical distortions of the orbit (up to ? 1.7 cm) at the level of the injection field were due to the Earth's
magnetic field in the rectilinear gaps.
After demagnetization, the magnetic-field fall-off index n=0.8, and the radial and vertical dis-
tortions of the orbit are ? 1.82 cm and ? 1.7 cm respectively. The magnetic-field corrections system
enabled the distortion of the orbit in the vertical plane to be reduced to ? 0.5 cm and that in the
1130
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
horizontal plane to ? 0.52 cm for low fields. The magnetic-field fall-off index at the level of the in-
jection field equals 0,58 after correction.
For medium and high fields (500 to 12,000 0e), the distortion of the field is insignificant and
lies withing tolerance limits (? 1 cm). The tolerances on the deviation of n were set at ? 0.03 for n = 0.58.
The electromagnet is excited by a condenser-battery discharge into the electromagnet windings via
a thyratron switch. The current pulses are of sinusoidal shape with a half-wave period of 84 msec and
an amplitude of 5140 A. The pulse repetition frequency is 1 cps. The condenser battery is charged from
a controlled rectifier rated at 800 kW, operating on the Larionov principle. In the intervals between
current pulses, the condenser battery is charged from 10 to 12.4 kV. The battery comprises 1728 pulse
condensers of the IM-3/100 type connected in series-parallel. The current is switched by 18 TR1-85/15
thyratrons connected in antiparallel. Division of the current between the thyratrons is effected by means
of two-pin anode dividers. The rate of growth of the magnetic field at the moment of injection is re-
duced from 450,000 to 110,000 0e/sec by means of saturation chokes in series with the windings of the
electromagnet. The reproducibility of the magnetic field from cycle to cycle is kept within ? 0.2% by
stabilization of the voltage on the condenser battery. The demagnetizing pulse is created by a special
circuit. This circuit consists of a three-phase rectifier, an 1800-pF condenser battery, and two
TR1-85/16 switching thyratrons.
ACCELERATOR CHAMBER AND VACUUM SYSTEM
The accelerator chamber consists of four circular and four straight sections. The circular sec-
tions include 16 curved porcelain-sectors glued together with an epoxy compound. The conducting coat-
ing in the porcelain sections is formed by a film of stannic oxide. The cross section of the working part
of the chamber is oval in shape, 23 cm over the radius and 8.4 cm vertical.
The straight parts are made of copper tubes with an internal diameter of 23 cm.
The vacuum chamber is evacuated with four N-5T pumps ratedat4000 liter /sec each and two N-5S
77.
pumps rated at 500 liter/sec,
After continuous pumping for 72 h, the vacuum in the middle of the curvilinear parts reaches
3.10-6 mm Hg.
In order to indicate the presence of the electron beam during the initial turns, some 20 different
indicating devices (fluorescent grids and probes, Faraday cylinders, shadow flags) are placed in the
accelerator chamber; these enable the electron current to be measured and the position of the beam to
be determined relative to the cross section of the chamber.
INJECTION SYSTEM
The injector used for the synchrotron is a microtron, giving a beam of 5-MeV ( ?0.5%) electrons,
with a pulse current of 30 to 40 mA and a pulse length of 3 Asec.
The energy of the injected electrons is maintained at the required level by stabilizing the magnetic
field of the microtron to an accuracy of ? 0.2%. The electron beam emitted from the microtron is in-
troduced into the accelerator along the vacuum tract. The beam is focused in the tract by means of two
pairs of quadrupole lenses, enabling the over-all focal length to be varied by regulating the current in
the windings. Two magnetic correctors placed after the lenses provide a parallel displacement and a
change in the angular direction of the beam in the vertical and horizontal planes. An interrupter and
collimator placed in the tract make it possible to limit both the geometrical dimensions and duration of
the beam while the synchrotron is being adjusted. The electrons are introduced into the accelerator
chamber by means of a straight electrostatic inflector placed in a gap of the electromagnet. The in-
flector plates are divided into three parts, to which voltages of 5.9 and 13 kV are supplied from sepa-
rate sources (the gap between the inflector plates is 1 cm). The introduction of particles along the
tangent to the orbit in the magnetic sector (in contrast to introduction in the linear gap) enabled the
electric field between the inflector plates to be considerably reduced.
The supply to the principal units of the microtron and injection tract is stabilized to an accuracy of
? 0.2%, and that of the inflector to ? 0.05%.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
1131
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
ACCELERATING SYSTEM
The electrons are accelerated in the synchrotron by twotoroidal brass resonators, in each of
which a hf voltage with an amplitude of 120 kV is designed to be excited. The resonators are constructed
in such a way that their working cavities (situated in vacuum) experience no mechanical loading. For a
working frequency of 36.5 Mc/sec, the Q of the resonator equals 2000 and the shunt resistance 50 ktl.
The resonator incorporates elements for adjusting the frequency and eliminating hf-resonance discharges.
The resonators are excited from the final stages of a hf generator, the excitation pulse being fed to the
first resonator at the instant of the quasi-betatron state and to the second after 20 msec, when the radia-
tive energy losses of the electrons become considerable. Quite stringent demands are imposed on the
rate of voltage rise in the hf generator. For an equilibrium accelerating voltage of 1500 V, the optimum
value of the initial voltage equals 4500 V and this must be established in 1 to 2 ?sec.
In order to satisfy the demands laid on the form of the hf voltage envelope, anode-grid-cathode
modulation is used in the final stage feeding the first resonator. The anode modulation is effected by a
rectangular voltage pulse, the grid modulation by a voltage determining the law of amplitude variation of
the hf voltage during acceleration, and the cathode modulation by a short pulse in the initial period of
acceleration, in order to reduce the growth time of the amplitude of the hf voltage in the resonator gap.
In the final stage exciting the second resonator, anode-grid modulation is used. The final stages com-
prise tubes of the GU-4A type and are set in the center of the accelerator.
The hi generator is based on a multistage circuit. The hf tract is divided into two channels at a
high power level after the penultimate stage. The generator power is 160 kW.
ACCELERATOR CONTROL AND ARRANGEMENT
The operation of the individual systems of the accelerator are controlled by a synchrogenerator.
The control-pulse generation system consists of Permalloy magnetic-field detectors, turns encircling the
electromagnet, an integrator, a delay system, and a control-pulse shaping circuit. The corresponding
pulses are tied to the value of the magnetic field, with an accuracy of ?0.02% at low and ?0.1% at high
fields. The stability of the control-pulse generating system is kept within ?0.002% by means of a
standard-voltage source (50 V).
The operation of the magnet-supply system is controlled by a master generator giving pulses at a
frequency of 1 cps.
The electron synchrotron, the electromagnet-supply system, and the central control desk are
situated in individual rooms with a total area of 750 m2. In order to reduce the thickness of the protective
walls and the background of radioactive radiation outside the synchrotron room, the floor of the accele-
rator room is depressed 3 m below ground level. In addition to this, the synchrotron room is surrounded
by an earth rampart 2 m high on the outside. Alongside the synchrotron room and at the same level is an
experimental room into which beams of high-energy y-radiation are directed.
STARTING THE ACCELERATOR
In the course of preparatory work prior to starting the synchrotron, the motion of the electrons in
the accelerator chamber was studied. The first turns of the beam were adjusted at small injection cur-
rents, at which the background of y -radiation fell below
the tolerance level and enabled the synchrotron staff to
observe the position of the electrons in the chamber vi-
sually by means of fluorescent grids and probes. Condi-
tions were dangerous only near the microtron injector.
For large injection currents, a television-based
remote-observation system was used.
The first rotation of the electrons was obtained at
once by setting up the calculated currents in the magnetic-
field correction systems, the calculated voltages on the
inflector plates, and the calculated injection phase.
The accelerator was started with a slightly reduced
voltage on the electromagnet (10.4 instead of 12.4 kV),
Fig, 2 Oscillogram of signal from the mag-
netic pickups,
1132
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
using one resonator, in which a hf voltage with an amplitude of the order of 50 to 80 kV was excited. Under
these conditions, the electrons were accelerated to an energy of the order of 1.1 GeV. Further increase
in the energy of the accelerated electrons was limited by the amplitude of the hf voltage on the resonator.
In order to measure the circulating current, two magnetic pickups, comprising annular coil-bearing
magnetic conductors, are set in one of the straight parts of the vacuum chamber. During injection and the
quasibetatron state, the current is measured by means of a pickup with a Permalloy core. The pickup
reproduces pulses up to 10 ?sec long without noticeable distortions. The current of the bunched beam is
measured during acceleration by means of a ferrite pickup tuned to a bunch-transmission frequency of
36.5 Mc/sec. The windings of the pickups are connected in series; the signals from these are amplified
by a preamplifier and fed to a control-desk oscillograph, on which the current may be observed at any
instant from injection to the end of acceleration. Figure 2 represents an oscillogram of a signal from
the magnetic pickups, showing that there are no serious losses of electrons during acceleration.
For a 20-mA current taken from the microtron, some 10 to 12 mA were introduced into the chamber.
The current built up in the quasibetatron state was of the order of 100 mA. The intensity of the electron
beam at the end of acceleration was 1.2.1010 particles per pulse.
This intensity is not the maximum possible for the synchrotron in question. The microtron
operates in a comparatively easy condition; its amplitude and current-pulse length may be made greater.
There are also other reserve conditions for increasing the accelerated charge.
At the present time, the construction of new resonators is being completed, and work on trans-
forming the electromagnet supply system into the nominal state is being pursued; a new and higher-
energy microtron is also being prepared, and other work is continuing with a view to providing the
accelerator with its designed parameters.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
1133
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
LINEAR: INDUCTION ACCELERATOR:
A. I. Anatskii, 0. S. Bogdanov,
P. V. Bukaev, Yu. P. Vakhrushin,
I. F. Malyshev, G. A. Nalivaiko,
A. I. Pavlov, V.A. Suslov, and
E. P. KhaPchitskii
UDC 621.384.622
The construction and operating principles of a heavy-current linear
induction accelerator yielding 3-MeV electrons and pulse currents up to 200
A are described. Results obtained on one section of this accelerator are
presented, The electron current is 180 A (pulsed) with an energy of 485
keV; the pulse duration at a level of 0,95 is 0.35 ? sec.
The creation of electron accelerators with beam currents of hundreds and thousands of amperes
makes it possible to study the energy stored in a beam of accelerated electrons. Such accelerators
enable us to study the creation and maintenace of hot plasma [1] and also to explore possible new methods
of acceleration [2]. Such investigations demand a relativistic electron beam of considerable extent with
a uniform particle density over its whole length. Such beams may be obtained by the induction method of
acceleration proposed by Buwers in 1923: [3]. This method enables us to set up an accelerator possessing
the advantages of waveguide-type linear electron accelerators, especially as regards the simplicity of
introducing and extracting the beam, and the possibility of increasing the energy by adding to the number
of identical sections. In addition to this, with video-pulse operation of the accelerator, the focusing of
the beam is considerably simplified, and practically all the particles may be drawn into the acceleration
condition-for any injection energy.
In 1962 members of the D. V. Efremov Scientific-Research Institute of Elec.trophysical Apparatus
(NIIEFA) designed a linear induction accelerator, calculated to produce an energy of 3 MeV and pulse
currents up to 200 A. The first section of this accelerator was made and set up in 1963. Experience
in making and setting up the first section enabled us, to a certain extent, to overcome the technological
difficulties of production and to refine the operating characteristic of the
accelerator. The experience thus built up enabled us to initiate manufacture of
the whole complex of equipment.
Assembly and adjustment work is being carried out at the present time.
The starting of this accelerator enables us to indicate its various characteristics
-7; 7
and advantages more fully, and opens the way to a wider use of the heavy-
current induction accelerator in various fields of investigation.
2
u u u u u
JL/ 1 t.
111 rl
u u
ri r
VU
Fig. 1. Accelerator
system; 1) exciting
winding; 2) inductor
core.
OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF THE ACCELERATOR
The operating principles of the linear induction accelerator are based on
the use of an electrical eddy field excited in the system for the acceleration of
the electrons. The system consists of several ring-shaped transformers
(Fig. 1).
It is obvious that, when there is a simultaneous change of magnetic flux in
the transformer cores (inductors), an electrical eddy field
(1)
is excited on the axis of the system, where E is the eddy field, n is the number
of inductors in the system, / is the length of the system, Q is the cross section
Translated from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 21, No, 6, pp. 439-445, December, 1966. Original
article submitted April 14, 1966.
1134
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/03/12 : CIA-RDP10-02196R000700040006-8
of the inductor core, and dB/dt is the rate of change of induction in the core. In order to obtain a
relativistic beam of electrons with a charge density uniform over its whole length, we must ensure a
linear variation of induction with time. In this case expression (1) has the form
(2)
where AB is the induction increment, Ti being the time for the rise in induction. The energy possessed
by an electron in this system is
W = edl enQ _AB (3)
where e is the charge on the electron. Constant rate of change of induction may be ensured by feeding the
primary winding of the inductor with a voltage of rectangular form and a pulse length Ti.
In order to obtain an accelerating field of hundreds of kV/m with reasonable accelerator dimensions,
the value of AB/ . should be 106 to 107 T/sec, which makes considerable demands on the material of the
cores and switching equipment.
The geometrical dimensions of the accelerating system are chosen in accordance with the given
inhomogeneity of particle energy A NV/A WK at the output, on the assumption that the particles are
accelerated without any change in the radial coordinate:
R