FACTBOOK 1982

Document Type:

CREST

Collection:

General CIA Records

Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):

CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3

Release Decision:

RIFPUB

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Document Page Count:

290

Document Creation Date:

December 22, 2016

Document Release Date:

October 4, 2012

Sequence Number:

Case Number:

Publication Date:

April 1, 1982

Content Type:

REPORT

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CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3.pdf	30.62 MB

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Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Produced by the Central Intelligence Agency Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 This publication is prepared for the use of US Government officials, and the format, coverage, and content are designed to meet their specific requirements. US Government officials may obtain additional copies of this document directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. Requesters outside the US Government may obtain subscriptions to CIA publications similar to this one by addressing inquiries to: Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project Exchange and Gift Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 or: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Requesters outside the US Government not interested in subscription service may purchase specific publications either in paper copy or microform from: Photoduplication Service Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 or: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 (To expedite service call the NTIS Order Desk (703) 487-4650) This publication is also for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Stock No. 041-015-00151-5). Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Central Intelligence Agency The World Factbook-1982 The World Factbook is produced annually by the Directorate of Intelligence of the Central Intelligence Agency. The data are provided by various components of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Bureau of the Census, and the US State Department. In general, information available as of 1 January 1982 was used in the preparation of this edition. Exceptions to this Janu- ary cutoff date are explained on page vii. Comments and queries are welcome and may be addressed to: Central Intelligence Agency Attn: Public Affairs Washington, D.C. 20505 (703) 351-7676 For information on how to obtain additional copies, .see the inside of the front cover. CR 82-11117 (Supersedes GS WF 81-001) April 1982 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Page Definitions, Abbreviations, and Explanatory Notes ... vii United Nations (UN): Structure and Associated Agencies ii ............................................................... viii Abbreviations for Other Important International Organizations ...................................................... ix Conversion Factors .................................................. xi Abu Dhabi (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) AFGHANISTAN ....................................................... 1 'Alman (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ALBANIA ................................................................. 2 ALGERIA .................................................................. 4 ANDORRA ............................................................... 5 ANGOLA ................................................................. 6 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ................................... 8 ARGENTINA ............................................................ 9 AUSTRALIA .............................................................. 10 AUSTRIA .................................................................. 12 Azores (see PORTUGAL) Balearic Islands (see SPAIN) BANGLADESH ......................................................... BARBADOS ............................................................. BELGIUM ................................................................. BELIZE ..................................................................... BENIN ...................................................................... BERMUDA ............................................................... BHUTAN .................................................................. BOLIVIA ................................................................... Bophuthatswana (see SOUTH AFRICA) BOTSWANA ............................................................ BRAZIL British Honduras (see BELIZE) British Solomon Islands (see SOLOMON ISLANDS) BRUNEI .................................................................... BULGARIA ............................................................... BURMA .................................................................... BURUNDI ................................................................. 15 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 Cabinda (see ANGOLA) Cambodia (see KAMPUCHEA) CAMEROON ........................................................... 34 CANADA ................................................................. 36 Canary Islands (see SPAIN) CAPE VERDE .......................................................... 37 CENTRAL 'AFRICAN REPUBLIC ............................. 38 Ceylon (see SRI LANKA) CHAD ...................................................................... 40 CHILE .......................................................... :............ 41 CHINA (Taiwan listed at end of table) .............. 43 COLOMBIA .............................................................. 44 COMOROS .............................................................. 46 CONGO (Brazzaville) ............................................. 47 Congo (Kinshasa) (see ZAIRE) COOK ISLANDS ..................................................... 48 COSTA RICA .......................................................... 49 CUBA ....................................................................... 51 CYPRUS ................................................................... 52 CZECHOSLOVAKIA ................................................. 54 Dahomey (see BENIN) DENMARK ............................................................... 56 DJIBOUTI (formerly French Territory of the Afars and Issas) ............................................................ 57 DOMINICA .............................................................. 58 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ......................................... 59 Dubai (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ECUADOR ............................................................... 61 EGYPT ...................................................................... 62 Ellice Islands (see TUVALU) 26 EL SALVADOR ........................................................ 64 27 EQUATORIAL GUINEA .......................................... 65 ETHIOPIA ................................................................. 67 29 -F- 30 FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) ....................... 68 31 FAROE ISLANDS .................................................... 69 33 Fernando Po (see EQUATORIAL GUINEA) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 FIJI ........................................................................... FINLAND ................................................................. FRANCE ................................................................... FRENCH GUIANA .................................................. FRENCH POLYNESIA ............................................. French Territory of the Afars and Issas (see DJIBOUTI) Fujairah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) GABON ................................................................... GAMBIA, THE ........................................................ GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC ..................... GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF ................... GHANA ................................................................... GIBRALTAR .............................................................. Gilbert Islands (see KIRIBATI) GREECE ......................................................:............ GREENLAND ........................................................... GRENADA ....... GUADELOUPE ......................................................... GUATEMALA ........................................................... GUINEA ................................................................... GUINEA-BISSAU ..................................................... Guinea, Portuguese (see GUINEA-BISSAU) GUYANA ................................................................. HAITI ........................................................................ HONDURAS ............................................................ HONG KONG ........................................................ HUNGARY ............................................................... ICELAND ................................................................. INDIA ....................................................................... INDONESIA ............................................................. IRAN ........................................................................ IRAQ ........................................................................ IRELAND .................................................................. ISRAEL ..................................................................... ITALY ........................................................................ IVORY COAST ........................................................ JAMAICA ................................................................. JAPAN ..................................................................... JORDAN .................................................................. Page Page 70 72 73 75 77 78 79 81 82 84 85 87 88 89 90 92 93 95 97 99 100 102 103 105 106 108 109 ill 112 114 116 KAMPUCHEA (formerly Cambodia) ....................... 122 KENYA ..................................................................... 124 KIRIBATI (formerly Gilbert Islands) ....................... 125 KOREA, NORTH ..................................................... 126 KOREA, SOUTH ..................................................... 127 KUWAIT ................................................................... 129 LAOS ....................................................................... 130 LEBANON ................................................................ 132 LESOTHO ................................................................ 133 LIBERIA .................................................................... 135 LIBYA ....................................................................... 136 LIECHTENSTEIN ...................................................... 138 LUXEMBOURG ........................................................ 139 MACAU ................................................................... 141 MADAGASCAR ....................................................... 142 Madeira Islands (see PORTUGAL) Malagasy Republic (see MADAGASCAR) MALAWI .................................................................. 144 MALAYSIA ............................................................... 145 MALDIVES ............................................................... 148 MALI ........................................................................ 149 MALTA ..................................................................... 151 MARTINIQUE .......................................................... 152 MAURITANIA .......................................................... 154 MAURITIUS .............................................................. 155 MEXICO .................................................................. 157 MONACO ............................................................... 158 MONGOLIA ............................................................ 159 MOROCCO ............................................................. 160 MOZAMBIQUE ........................................................ 162 NAMIBIA (South-West Africa) ............................... 163 NAURU .................................................................... 164 NEPAL ..................................................................... 165 NETHERLANDS ....................................................... 167 NETHERLANDS ANTILLES ..................................... 169 NEW CALEDONIA ................................................. 170 118 New Hebrides (see VANUATU) 119 NEW ZEALAND ..................................................... 171 121 NICARAGUA ........................................................... 173 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 NIGER ...................................................................... NIGERIA ................ :................................................. Northern Rhodesia (see ZAMBIA) NORWAY ................................................................ -0- OMAN ..................................................................... _P_ PAKISTAN ............................................................... PANAMA ................................................................. PAPUA NEW GUINEA .......................................... PARAGUAY ............................................................. Pemba (see TANZANIA) PERU ........................................................................ PHILIPPINES ... POLAND .................................................................. PORTUGAL .............................................................. Portuguese Guinea (see GUINEA-BISSAU) Portuguese Timor (see INDONESIA) -Q- QATAR ................................................................... -R- Ras al Khaimah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) REUNION ................................................................ Rhodesia (see ZIMBABWE) Rio Muni (see EQUATORIAL GUINEA) ROMANIA ............................................................... RWANDA ................................................................ ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS ...................................... ST. LUCIA ............................................................... ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES ............. SAN MARINO ........................................................ SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE ................................ SAUDI ARABIA ....................................................... SENEGAL ................................................................ SEYCHELLES ............................................................ Sharjah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) SIERRA LEONE ....................................................... SINGAPORE ............................................................ SOLOMON ISLANDS (formerly British Solomon Islands) ................................................................. SOMALIA ................................................................ 175 176 180 182 184 185 187 188 190 191 194 196 197 199 200 201 202 203 204 206 207 209 210 SOUTH AFRICA ...................................................... 214 Southern Rhodesia (see ZIMBABWE) South-West Africa (see NAMIBIA) SOVIET UNION ...................................................... 215 SPAIN ...................................................................... 217 Spanish Sahara (see WESTERN SAHARA) SRI LANKA (formerly Ceylon) ............................... 219 SUDAN .................................................................... 220 SURINAME .............................................................. 222 SWAZILAND ........................................................... 223 SWEDEN ................................................................. 224 SWITZERLAND ........................................................ 226 SYRIA ..................................................... :................. 227 Tanganyika (see TANZANIA) TANZANIA .............................................................. 229 Tasmania (see AUSTRALIA) THAILAND ............................................................... 230 TOGO ...................................................................... 232 TONGA ................................................................... 233 Transkei (see SOUTH AFRICA) TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO .................................... 234 TUNISIA ................................................................... 236 TURKEY .................................................................... 237 TUVALU (formerly Ellice Islands) ........................... 239 UGANDA ................................................................. 240 Umm al Qaiwain (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al Khaimah, Sharjah, Umm al Qaiwain ............................................................... 241 United Arab Republic (see EGYPT) UNITED KINGDOM ................................................ 242 UNITED STATES ............................ ........................ 244 UPPER VOLTA ........................................................ 245 URUGUAY ............................................................... 247 -V- VANUATU (formerly New Hebrides) .................... 248 VATICAN CITY ....................................................... 249 VENEZUELA ............................................................ 250 VIETNAM ................................................................. 252 212 WALLIS AND FUTUNA ......................................... 253 213 Walvis Bay (see SOUTH AFRICA) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 WESTERN SAHARA ............................................... 254 (formerly Spanish Sahara) WESTERN SAMOA ................................................ 255 YEMEN (Aden) ........................................................ 256 YEMEN (Sanaa) ...................................................... 258 YUGOSLAVIA .......................................................... 259 ZAIRE ....................................................................... 260 ZAMBIA ................................................................... 262 Zanzibar (see TANZANIA) ZIMBABWE .............................................................. 263 Maps (following text) I The World (Guide to Reference Maps II-XI) II North America III Central America and the Caribbean IV South America V Europe VI Middle East VII Africa VIII Soviet Union, East and South Asia IX Southeast Asia X Oceania XI Arctic Region XII Antarctic Region Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Explanatory Notes: Dates of Information: ? Population figures are projected estimates for 1 July 1982; the average annual growth rates listed are projected estimates for the period mid-1981 to mid-1982. ? Military manpower estimates are as of 1 January 1982, except the numbers of males reaching military age, which are projected averages for the five-year period 1982-86. ? In addition, although research for this edition was generally completed in January 1982, major political developments through 25 April 1982 have been included. Fiscal Year: The abbreviation FY stands for fiscal year; all years are calendar years un- less otherwise indicated. GDP and GNP: GDP is the total market value of all goods and services produced within the domestic borders of a country over a particular time period, normally a year. GNP equals GDP plus the income accruing to domestic residents arising from investment abroad less income earned in the domestic market accruing to foreigners abroad. Imports, Exports, and Aid: Standard abbreviations used in individual entries throughout this factbook are c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight), f.o.b. (free on board), ODA (official development assistance), and OOF (other official flows). Land Utilization: Most of the land utilization percentages are rough estimates. Figures for "arable" land in some cases reflect the area under cultivation rather than the total cultivable area. Maritime Zones: Fishing and economic zones claimed by coastal states are included only when they differ from territorial sea limits. Maritime claims do not necessarily rep- resent the position of the United States Government. Money: All money figures are in contemporaneous US dollars unless otherwise indicated. Oil Terms: Barrel (bbl) and barrels per day (b/d) are used to express volume of crude oil and refined products; a barrel equals 42.00 gallons, 158.99 liters, 5.61 cubic feet, or 0.16 cubic meters. Some of the countries and governments included in this publication are not fully independent, and others are not officially recognized by the United States Government. Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 UNITED NATIONS (UN): STRUCTURE AND RELATED AGENCIES Principal Organs: SC GA ECOSOC TC ICJ Operating Bodies: UNCTAD TDB UNDP UNICEF UNIDO Regional ECA ECE ECLA ECWA ESCAP Intergovernmental FAO GATT IBRD ICAO I DA IFAD IFC ILO IMCO IMF (FUND) ITU UNESCO UPU WFC WHO WIPO WMO Security Council General Assembly Economic and Social Council Trusteeship Council International Court of Justice Secretariat UN Conference on Trade and Development Trade and Development Board UN Development Program UN Children's Fund UN Industrial Development Organization Commissions: Economic Commission for Africa Economic Commission for Europe Economic Commission for Latin America Economic Commission for Western Asia Economic and Social Commission for Agencies Related to the UN: Food and Agriculture Organization General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Civil Aviation Organization (World Bank) International Development Association (IBRD Affiliate) International Fund for Agricultural Development International Finance Corporation (IBRD Affiliate) International Labor Organization Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization International Monetary Fund International Telecommunication Union UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Universal Postal Union World Food Council World Health Organization World Intellectual Property Organization World Meteorological Organization Autonomous Organization Under the UN: IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 ABBREVIATIONS FOR OTHER IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization ADB Asian Development Bank AFDB African Development Bank AIOEC Association of Iron Ore Exporting Countries ANZUS ANZUS Council; treaty signed by Australia, New Zealand, and the United States APC African Peanut (Groundnut) Council ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASPAC Asian and Pacific Council ASSIMER International Mercury Producers Association BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg Economic Union BLEU Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union CACM Central American Common Market CARICOM Caribbean Common Market CARIFTA Caribbean Free Trade Association CCC Customs Cooperation Council CEAO West African Economic Community CEMA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance CENTO Central Treaty Organization CIPEC Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries . .. Colombo Plan ... Council of Europe DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) EAMA African States associated with the EEC EC European Communities (EEC, ECSC, EURATOM) ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECSC European Coal and Steel Community EEC European Economic Community (Common Market) EFTA European Free Trade Association EIB European Investment Bank ELDO European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organization EMA European Monetary Agreement ENTENTE Political-Economic Association of Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Niger, Upper Volta, and Togo ESRO European Space Research Organization EURATOM European Atomic Energy Community G-77 Group of 77 GCC Gulf Cooperation Council IADB Inter-American Defense Board IATP International Association of Tungsten Producers IBA International Bauxite Association IBEC International Bank for Economic Cooperation ICAC International Cotton Advisory Committee ICCAT International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas ICCO International Cocoa Organization ICEM Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration ICES International Cooperation in Ocean Exploration ICO International Coffee Organization Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 ABBREVIATIONS FOR OTHER IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (Cont.) IDB Inter-American Development Bank IEA International Energy Agency (associated with OECD) IHO International Hydrographic Organization International Lead and Zinc Study Group IIB International Investment Bank INRO International Natural Rubber Organization INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organization IOOC International Olive Oil Council IPU Inter-Parliamentary Union IRC International Red Cross ISCON Islamic Conference ISO International Sugar Organization ITC International Tin Council IWC International Whaling Commission IWC International Wheat Council LAFTA Latin American Free Trade Association LICROSS League of Red Cross Societies NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries OAS Organization of American States OAU Organization of African Unity OCAM Afro-Malagasy and Mauritian Common Organization ODECA Organization of Central American States OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries SELA Latin American Economic System SPC South Pacific Commission UDEAC Economic and Customs Union of Central Africa UEAC Union of Central African States UPEB Union of Banana Exporting Countries WEU Western European Union WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions WPC World Peace Council WSG International Wool Study Group WTO World Tourism Organization Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDPO8-00534ROO0100180001-3 Conversion Factors Meters, cubic Tons, register 0.353147 Miles, nautical Kilometers 1.852 Miles, statute Centimeters 160934.4 Miles, statute Meters 1609.344 Miles, statute Kilometers 1.609344 Miles, square Hectares 258.9998 Miles, square Kilometers, square 2.589998 Ounces, avoirdupois Grams 28.349523 Ounces, avoirdupois Kilograms 0.028349523 Ounces, troy Pounds, troy 0.083333 Ounces, troy Grams 31.10348 Pints, liquid Milliliters 473.176473 Pints, liquid Liters 0.473176473 Pounds, avoirdupois Grams 453.59237 Pounds, avoirdupois Kilograms 0.45359237 Pounds, avoirdupois Quintals 0.00453592 Pounds, avoirdupois Tons, metric 0.000453592 Pounds, troy Ounces, troy 12 Pounds, troy Grams 373.241722 Quarts, dry Liters 1.101221 Quarts, dry Dekaliters 0.1101221 Quarts, liquid Milliliters 946.352946 Quarts, liquid Liters 0.946352946 Quintals Tons, metric 0.1 Tons, long Kilograms 1016.047 Tons, long Tons, metric 1.016047 Tons, metric Quintals 10 Ton-miles, long Ton-kilometers, metric 1.635169 Ton-miles, short Ton-kilometers, metric 1.459972 Tons, register Meters, cubic 2.831685 Tons, short Kilograms 907.185 Tons, short Tons, metric 0.907185 Yards Centimeters 91.44 Yards Meters 0.9144 Yards, cubic Liters 764.5549 Yards, cubic Meters, cubic 0.7645549 Yards, square Meters, square 0.836127 Acres Hectares 0.4046856 Acres Kilometers, square 0.004046856 Acres Meters, square 4046.856 Centimeters Meters 0.01 Centimeters, square Meters, square 0.0001 Degrees, Fahrenheit Degrees, Celsius subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9 Feet Centimeters 30.48 Feet Meters 0.3048 Feet Kilometers 0.0003048 Feet, cubic Liters 28.316847 Feet, cubic Meters, cubic 0.028316847 Feet, square Centimeters, square 929.0304 Feet, square Meters, square 0.09290304 Gallons, US liquid Liters 3.785412 Gallons, US liquid Meters, cubic 0.003785412 Grams Ounces, troy 0.032151 Grams Pounds, troy 0.002679 Hectares Kilometers, square 0.01 Hectares Meters, square 10,000 Inches Centimeters 2.54 Inches Meters 0.0254 Inches, cubic Milliliters 16.387064 Inches, cubic Liters 0.016387064 Inches, cubic Meters, cubic 0.000016387064 Inches, square Centimeters, square 6.4516 Inches, square Meters, square 0.00064516 Kilograms Ounces, troy 32.15075 Kilograms Pounds, troy 2.679229 Kilograms Tons, metric 0.001 Kilometers, square Hectares 100 Liters Milliliters 1000 Liters Meters, cubic 0.001 Meters Millimeters 1000 Meters Centimeters 100 Meters Kilometers 0.001 Meters, cubic Liters 1000 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDPO8-00534ROO0100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 AFGHANISTAN LAND 647,500 km'; 22% arable (12% cultivated, 10% pasture), 75% desert, waste, or urban, 3% forested Land boundaries: 5,510 km PEOPLE Population: 15,328,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.4%; this estimate includes an adjustment for net emigration to Pakistan during recent years, but it does not take into account other demographic consequences of the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan Nationality: noun-Afghan(s); adjective-Afghan Ethnic divisions: 50% Pashtuns, 25% Tajiks, 9% Uzbeks, 9% Hazaras; minor ethnic groups include Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baluchi, and others Religion: 87% Sunni Muslim, 12% Shia Muslim, 1% other Language: 50% Pashtu, 35% Afghan Persian (Dari), 11% Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen), 10% thirty minor languages (primarily Baluchi and Pashai); much bilingualism Literacy: 10% Labor force: 4.98 million (1980 est.); 67.8% agriculture and animal husbandry, 10.2% industry, 6.3% construction, 5.0% commerce, 7.7% services and other Organized labor: government-controlled unions are being established GOVERNMENT Official name: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Type: Communist regime backed by multidivisional So- viet force Capital: Kabul Political subdivisions: 29 provinces with centrally ap- pointed governors Legal system: not established; legal education at Uni- versity of Kabul; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Revolutionary Council acts as legislature and final court of appeal; President of Council acts as chief of state; Cabinet and judiciary responsible to Council; Presid- ium chosen by Council has full authority when Council not in session; Loya Jirga (Grand Assembly) supposed to convene eventually and approve permanent constitution Government leaders: President of the Revolutionary Council and head of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan Babrak KARMAL; Prime Minister Soltan Ali KESHTMAND Suffrage: universal from age 18 Political parties and leaders: The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) is the sole legal political party Communists: the PDPA reportedly claims 50,000 mem- bers; the Parcham faction of the PDPA was installed on 27 December 1979; members of the deposed Khalqi faction continue to hold some important posts; the Sholaye-Jaweid is a much smaller pro-Beijing group Other political or pressure groups: the military and other branches of internal security are being rebuilt by the Soviets; insurgency continues throughout the country; widespread opposition on religious grounds and anti-Soviet sentiment Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO, WSG; suspended from ISCON in January 1980 ECONOMY GNP: $2.8 billion (FY79), $225 per capita; real growth rate 2.5% (1975-79) Agriculture: subsistence farming and animal husbandry; main crops-wheat, cotton, fruits Major industries: carpets and textiles Electric power: 360,000 kW capacity (1980); 756 million kWh produced (1980), 50 kWh per capita Exports: $670.2 million (f.o.b., 1980); mostly fruits and nuts, natural gas, and carpets Imports: $438.4 million (commercial, c.i.f., 1980); mostly food supplies and petroleum products Major trade partners: exports-mostly USSR and other Eastern bloc countries; imports-mostly USSR and other Eastern bloc countries Budget: current expenditure Af 16.7 billion, capital ex- penditure Af11.7 billion for FY79 (est.) Monetary conversion rate: 44.85 Afghanis=US$1 (offi- cial, end 1980) Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 9.6 km (single track) 1.524-meter gauge, gov- ernment-owned spur of Soviet line Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 AFGHANISTAN (Continued) Highways: 21,000 km total (1981); 3,000 km paved, 2,100 km gravel, 8,900 km improved-earth, and 7,000 km unim- proved earth Inland waterways: total navigability 1,070 km; steamers up to about 500 metric tons use sections of Amu Darya Ports: 3 minor river ports; largest Sher Khan Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 37 total, 36 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: limited telephone, telegraph, and radiobroadcast services; television introduced in 1980; tele- phones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 5 AM and no FM stations, 1 TV station, 1 earth satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 3,602,000; 1,998,000 fit for military service; about 146,000 reach military age (22) annually Supply: dependent on foreign sources, almost exclusively the USSR Military budget: estimated expenditures for fiscal year ending 31 March 1979, about $63.8 million; approximately 12% of central government budget LAND 28,749 km2; 19% arable, 24% other agricultural, 43% forested, 14% other Land boundaries: 716 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 15 nm Coastline: 418 km (including Sazan Island) PEOPLE Population: 2,792,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.1% Nationality: noun-Albanian(s); adjective-Albanian Ethnic divisions: 96% Albanian, remaining 4% are Greeks, Vlachs, Gypsies, and Bulgarians Religion: 70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catholic; observances prohibited; Albania claims to be the world's first atheist state Language: Albanian, Greek Literacy: about 70%; no reliable current statistics avail- able, but probably greatly improved Labor force: 911,000 (1969); 60.5% agriculture, 17.9% industry, 21.6% other nonagricultural GOVERNMENT Official name: People's Socialist Republic of Albania Type: Communist state Capital: Tirane Political subdivisions: 27 rethet (districts), including capital Legal system: based on constitution adopted in 1976; judicial review of legislative acts only in the Presidium of the People's Assembly, which is not a true court; legal education at State University of Tirane; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Liberation Day, 29 November Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 ALBANIA (Continued) Branches: People's Assembly, Council of Ministers, judiciary Government leaders: Chairman, Council of Ministers (Premier),. Adil CARCANI; Chairman, Presidium of the People's Assembly, Haxhi LLESHI (chief of state) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: national elections theoretically held every four years; last elections 6 November 1978; 99.99% of electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Albanian Workers Party only; First Secretary, Enver Hoxha Communists: 101,500 party members (November 1976) Member of: CEMA, FAO, IAEA, IPU, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO; has not participated in CEMA since rift with USSR in 1961; officially withdrew from Warsaw Pact 13 September 1968 ECONOMY GNP: $1.2 billion in 1972 (at 1970 prices), $520 per capita Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops-corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets,. cotton; food shortages-wheat; caloric intake, 2,503 calories per day per capita (1972/74) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, and extractive industries Shortages: spare parts, machinery and equipment, wheat Electric power: 1,390,000 kW capacity (1981); 4.350 billion kWh produced (1981), 1,575 kWh per capita Exports: $150.5 million (1978 est.); 1964 trade-55% minerals, metals, fuels; 23% foodstuffs (including cigarettes); 17% agricultural materials (except foods); 5% consumer goods Imports: $173.4 million (1978); 1964 trade-50% machin- ery, equipment, and spare parts; 16% minerals, metals, fuels, construction materials; 16% foodstuffs; 7% consumer goods; 7% fertilizers, other chemicals, rubber; 4% agricultural materials (except foodstuffs) Monetary conversion rate: 4.14 leks=US$1 (1980) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data report- ed for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 277 km standard gauge (1.435 m), single track, government owned (1975) Highways: 4,989 km total; 1,287 km paved, 1,609 km crushed stone and/or gravel, 2,093 km improved or unim- proved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1979) Freight carried: rail-2.8 million metric tons, 180 million metric ton/km (1971); highways-39 million metric tons, 900 million metric ton/km (1971) Ports: 1 major (Durres), 3 minor (1979) Pipelines: crude oil, 117 km; refined products, 65 km; natural gas, 64 km Civil air: no civil airline DEFENSE FORCES Military, manpower: males 15-49, 721,000; 597,000 fit for military service; 31,000 reach military age (19) annually Ships: 4 submarine, 2 mine warfare ships, 54 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, 6 mine warfare craft, 2 under- way replenishment ships, 1 other auxiliary Military budget announced: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, 940 million leks; 11.5% of total budget Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 LAND 2,460,500 km2; 3% cultivated, 16% pasture and meadows, 1% forested, 80% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 6,260 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,183 km PEOPLE Population: 20,030,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 3.1% Nationality: noun-Algerian(s); adjective-Algerian Ethnic divisions: 99% Arab-Berbers, less than 1% Europeans Religion: 99% Muslim; 1% Christian and Hebrew Language: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Literacy: 25% (5% Arabic, 9% French, 11% both) Labor force: 4.0 million; 19% agriculture, 17% industry, 64% other (military, police, civil service, transportation workers, teachers, merchants, construction workers); at least 19% of urban labor unemployed Organized labor: 25% of labor force claimed; General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA) is the only labor organi- zation and is subordinate to the National Liberation Front GOVERNMENT Official name: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Type: republic Capital: Algiers Political subdivisions: 31 Wilayas (departments or provinces) Legal system: based on French and Islamic law, with socialist principles; new constitution adopted by referendum November 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; Supreme Court divided into four chambers; legal education at Universities of Algiers, Oran, and Constantine; has not accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 1 November Branches: executive dominant; unicameral legislature; judiciary Government leader: President, Col. Chadli BENDJEDID, elected 7 February 1979 as successor to deceased President Boumediene Suffrage: universal over age 19 Elections (latest): presidential 7 February 1979; depart- mental assemblies 2 June 1974; local assemblies 30 March 1975; legislative elections held 25 February 1977 Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Front (FLN), Secretary General Chadli Bendjedid Communists: 400 (est.); Communist Party illegal (banned 1962) Member of: AFDB, AIOEC, Arab League, ASSIMER, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ISCON, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $41.0 billion (1981 est.), $1,720 per capita; 6.2% real growth in 1981 Agriculture: main crops-wheat, barley, grapes, citrus fruits Major industries: petroleum, light industries, natural gas, mining, petrochemical, electrical, and automotive plants under construction Electric power: 1,780,000 kW capacity (1980); 6,400 million kWh produced (1980), 336 kWh per capita Exports: $14.0 billion (f.o.b., 1981 est.); major items- petroleum and gas 98.0%; US 52.0%, France 23.0% Imports: $11.0 billion (f.o.b., 1981 est.); major items- capital goods 32.0%, semifinished goods 25.0%,, foodstuffs 19.0%; France 23.0%, US 7.4% Major trade partners: US, West Germany, France, Italy Monetary conversion rate: 1 Algerian dinar (DA)= US$0.23 Fiscal year: calendar year Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 ANDORRA ALGERIA (Continued) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,950 km total; 2,690 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 1,140 km 1.055-meter gauge, 120 km meter gauge (1.000 m); 302 km electrified; 193 km double track wis Highways: 78,410 km total; 45,070 km concrete or bitu- ?;= minous, 33,340 km gravel, crushed stone, unimproved earth Ports: 9 major, 8 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 6,612 km; refined products, 298 km; natural gas, 2,398 km Civil air: 35 major transport aircraft, including 4 leased in Airfields: 185 total, 172 usable; 52 with permanent- surface runways; 27 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 85 with runways 1,220-2,439 m DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,159,000; 2,568,000 fit for military service; 218,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $1,779 million; 11% of central government budget LAND 466 kmz Land boundaries: 105 km PEOPLE Population: 36,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 4.1% Nationality: noun-Andorran(s); adjective-Andorran Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; 61% Spanish, 30% Andor- rans, 6% French, 3% other Religion: virtually all Roman Catholic Language: Catalan; many also speak some French and Castilian Labor force: unorganized; largely shepherds and farmers GOVERNMENT Official name: Principality of Andorra Type: unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of President of France and Spanish Bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called verguers Capital: Andorra Political subdivisions: 7 districts Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; Plan of Reform adopted 1866 serves as constitution; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislature (General Council) consisting of 28 members with one-half elected every two years for four-year term; executive-syndic (manager) and a deputy subsyndic chosen by General Council for three-year terms; judiciary chosen by coprinces who appoint two civil judges, a judge of appeals, and two Batles (court prosecutors); final appeal to the Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan, France, or to the Ecclesiastical Court of the Bishop of Seo de Urge], Spain Suffrage: males of 21 or over who are third generation Andorrans vote for General Council members; same right granted to women in April 1970 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 ANDORRA (Continued) Elections: half of General Council chosen every two years, last election December 1979 Political parties and leaders: political parties not yet legally recognized; traditionally no political parties but only partisans for particular independent candidates for the General Council, on the basis of competence, personality, and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups developed in 1972; first formal political party-Andorran Democratic Association-formed in No- vember 1976; as of March 1980, newly formed Partit Democrata Andorra, which had applied for legal status, must await final approval of a new law covering associations Communists: negligible Member of: UNESCO ECONOMY Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables (less than 4% of land is arable) Major industries: tourism, sheep, timber, tobacco, and smuggling Electric power: 25,000 kW capacity (1981); 100 million kWh produced (1981), 3,450 kWh per capita; power is mainly exported to Spain and France Major trade partners: Spain, France COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: about 96 km Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: international landline circuits to Spain and France; 2 AM stations, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station; about 11,720 telephones (39.0 per 100 popl.) DEFENSE FORCES Andorra has no defense forces; Spain and France are responsible for protection as needed LAND 1,245,790 km2; 1% cultivated, 44% forested, 22% meadows and pastures, 33% other (including fallow) Land boundaries: 5,070 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 20 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 1,600 km PEOPLE Population: 7,000,000, including Cabinda (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.5%; Cabinda, 117,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 3.3% Nationality: noun-Angolan(s); adjective-Angolan Ethnic divisions: 93% African, 5% European, 1% mestizo Religion: about 84% animist, 12% Roman Catholic, 4% Protestant Language: Portuguese (official); many native dialects Literacy: 10-15% Labor force: 2.6 million economically active (1964); 531,000 wage workers (1967) Organized labor: approx. 65,000 (1967) GOVERNMENT Official name: People's Republic of Angola Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in November 1975; constitution promulgated 1975; govern- ment formed after civil war which ended in early 1976 Capital: Luanda Political subdivisions: 17 provinces including the coastal exclave of Cabinda Legal system: formerly based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; being modified along "socialist" model National holiday: Independence Day, 11 November Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 ANGOLA (Continued) Branches: the official party is the supreme political institution Government leader: Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, President Suffrage: to be determined Elections: none held to date Political parties and leaders: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party (MPLA-Labor Party), led by dos Santos, only legal party; National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), defeated in civil war, carrying out insurgencies Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), ICAO, ILO, IMCO, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $3.9 billion (1980 est.), $591 per capita,, 0.0% real growth (1980) Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, and tobacco; food crops-cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; largely self- sufficient in food Fishing: catch 106,073 metric tons (1979) Major industries: mining (oil, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar processing, textiles, cement, food processing plants, building construction Electric power: 600,000 kW capacity (1980); 1.4 billion kWh produced (1980), 206 kWh per capita Exports: est. $1,900 million (f.o.b., 1980); oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish products, iron ore, timber, corn, and cotton; exports down sharply 1975-77 Imports: est. $1,350 million (f.o.b., 1980); capital equip- ment (machinery and electrical equipment), wines, bulk iron and ironwork, steel and metals, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; military deliveries partially offset drop in imports in 1975-77. Major trade partners: Cuba, USSR, Portugal, and US Budget: (1975) balanced at about $740 million by former Portuguese administration; budget not yet published by new government Monetary conversion rate: 27.6 kwanza=US$1 as of September 1981 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,189 km total; 2,879 km 1.067-meter gauge, 310 km 0.600-meter gauge Highways: 73,828 km total; 8,577 km bituminous-surface treatment, 28,723 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,165 km navigable Ports: 3 major (Luanda, Lobito, Mocamedes), 5 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 179 km Civil air: 26 major transport aircraft Airfields: 389 total, 367 usable; 27 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,660 m, 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 100 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: fair system of wire and radio relay; troposcatter/radio-relay system under construction; HF used extensively for military/Cuban links; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 29,100 telephones (0.5 per 100 pop1.); 15 AM and 5FM stations; 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,536,000; 773,000 fit for military service; 62,000 reach military age (20) annually Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA LAND 280 km2; 54% arable, 5% pasture, 14% forested, 9% unused but potentially productive, 18% wasteland and built on; the islands of Redonda (less than 2.6 km2 and uninhabited) and Barbuda (161 km2) are dependencies WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 153 km PEOPLE Population: 77,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.3% Nationality: noun-Antiguan(s); adjective-Antiguan Ethnic divisions: almost entirely African Negro Religion: Church of England (predominant), other Protes- tant sects, and some Roman Catholic Language: English Literacy: about 88% Organized labor: 18,000, 18% unemployment (est.) GOVERNMENT Official name: Antigua and Barbuda Type: independent state since 1 November 1981; recog- nizes Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: St. Johns . Political subdivisions: 6 parishes, 2 dependencies (Bar- buda, Redonda) Legal system: based on English law; British Caribbean Court of Appeal has exclusive original jurisdiction and an appellate jurisdiction, consists of Chief Justice and five justices Branches: legislative, 21-member popularly elected House of Representatives; executive, Prime Minister and Cabinet tfc 3=9 92011M Government leaders: Prime Minister Vere C. BIRD, Sr.; Deputy Prime Minister Lester BIRD; Governor Sir Wilfred Ebenezer JACOBS Suffrage: universal suffrage age 18 and over Elections: every five years; last general election 24 April 1980 Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Vere C. Bird, Sr., Lester Bird; Progressive Labor Movement (PLM), George Herbert Walter; Antigua People's Party (APP), J. Rowan Henry Voting strength: (1980 election) House of Representatives; ALP, 13 seats; PLM, 3 seats; independent, 1 seat Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement (ACLM), a small leftist nationalist group led by Timothy Hector Member of: CARICOM, ISO ECONOMY GDP: $73 million (1978 est.), $1,000 per capita; 3% real growth in 1980 Agriculture: main crop, cotton Major industry: tourism Electric power: 28,000 kW capacity (1981); 55 million kWh produced (1981), 714 kWh per capita Exports: $21 million (f.o.b., 1980 est.); clothing, rum, lobsters Imports: $76 million (c.i.f., 1980 est.); fuel, food, machinery Major trade partners: 30% UK, 25% US, 18% Common- wealth Caribbean countries (1975) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, ODA and OOF (1970-79) from Western (non-US) countries, $20 million; no military aid Budget: (current) revenues, $24 million (1980 prelim.); current expenditures, $33 million (1980 prelim.) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean (EC) dollar=US$1 (1980) Fiscal year: 1 April-30 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 78 km narrow gauge (0.760 m), employed almost exclusively for handling cane Highways: 380 km total; 240 km main, 140 km secondary Ports: 1 major (St. Johns), 1 minor Civil air:,10 major transport aircraft, including 2 leased in Airfields: 3 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: automatic telephone system; 4,000 telephones (5.4 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter links with Tortola and St. Lucia; 3 AM, 2 FM, and 2 TV stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 LAND (See reference map IV) 2,771,300 km2; 57% agricultural (11% crops, improved pasture and fallow, 46% natural grazing land), 25% forested, 18% mountain, urban, or waste Land boundaries: 9,414 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continen- tal shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 4,989 km PEOPLE Population: 28,593,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.6% Nationality: noun-Argentine(s); adjective-Argentine Ethnic divisions: approximately 85% white, 15% mestizo, Indian, or other nonwhite groups Religion: 90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 6% other Language: Spanish Literacy: 85% (90% in Buenos Aires) Labor force: 10.8 million; 19% agriculture, 25% manufac- turing, 20% services, 11% commerce, 6% transport and communications, 19% other; 2.2% estimated unemployment (1978 est.) Organized labor: 25% of labor force (est.) GOVERNMENT Official name: Argentine Republic Type: republic; under military rule since 1976 Capital: Buenos Aires Political subdivisions: 22 provinces, 1 district (Federal Capital), and 1 territory Legal system: based on Spanish and French civil codes; constitution adopted 1853 partially superseded in 1966 by the Statute of the Revolution, which takes precedence over the constitution when the two are in conflict; further changes may be made by new government; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of Buenos Aires and other public and . private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 25 May Branches: presidency; national judiciary Government leader: President, Lt. Gen. Leopoldo For- tunato GALTIERI, chosen in December 1981 by the mili- tary junta that took power on 24 March 1976 Government structure: the President and the junta, com- posed of the chiefs of the three armed services, retain supreme authority; active duty or retired officers fill three Cabinet posts and administer all provincial and many local governments; in addition, the. military now oversees the nation's principal labor confederation and unions, as well as other civilian pressure groups; Congress has been disbanded and all political activity suspended; a five-man Legislative Council, composed of senior officers, advises the junta on lawmaking Political parties: several civilian political groupings re- main potentially influential, despite the suspension of all partisan activity; these include Justicialist Party (Peronist coalition that formerly governed) and the Radical Civic Union, center-left party providing the chief civilian opposi- tion to the Peronists; the Moscow-oriented Communist Party remains legal, but extreme leftist splinter groups have been outlawed Communists: some 70,000 members in various party organizations, including a small nucleus of activists Other political or pressure groups: Peronist-dominated labor movement, General Economic Confederation (Peronist- leaning association of small businessmen), Argentine Indus- trial Union (manufacturers' association), Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association), business organiza- tions, students, and the Catholic Church Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, IFAD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Com- mission, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA, NAM, OAS, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO, WSG . ECONOMY GNP: $143 billion (1980), $5,257 per capita; 69% con- sumption, 26% investment, 6% net foreign demand (1979); real GDP growth rate 1980, -0.3% Agriculture: main products-cereals, oilseed, livestock products; Argentina is a major world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 AUSTRALIA ARGENTINA (Continued) Fishing: catch 537,323 metric tons (1978); exports $42 million (1976 est.) Major industries: food processing (especially meatpack- ing), motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals, printing, and metallurgy Crude steel: 3.2 million metric tons produced (1979), 120 kg per capita Electric power: 10,500,000 kW capacity (1981); 40.0 billion kWh produced (1981), 1,454 kWh per capita Exports: $8.0 billion (f.o.b., 1980); meat, corn, wheat, wool, hides, oilseed Imports: $9.4 billion (f.o.b., 1980); machinery, fuel and lubricating oils, iron and steel, intermediate industrial products Major trade partners (1980): exports-9% Brazil, 9% Netherlands, 8% Italy, 9% US, 6% FRG, 5% USSR, Japan, and Spain; imports-26% US, 10% Brazil, 11% FRG, 4% Italy, 11% Japan, 3% Chile Budget: (1980) approximately $20 billion at exchange rate of first quarter 1980 Monetary conversion rate: 1,930 pesos=US$1 (mid- September 1980) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 39,738 km total; 3,086 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 22,788 km broad gauge (1.676 m), 13,461 km meter gauge (1.000 m), 403 km 0.750-meter gauge; of total in country, 260 km are electrified Highways: 208,100 km total, of which 47,550 km paved, 39,500 km gravel, 101,000 km improved earth, 20,300 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 11,000 km navigable Ports: 7 major, 21 minor Pipelines: 4,090 km crude oil; 2,200 km refined products; 8,172 km natural gas Civil air: 67 major transport aircraft including 2 leased in Airfields: 2,446 total, 2,147 usable; 108 with permanent- surface runways; 24 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 311 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: extensive modern system; tele- phone network has 2.76 million sets (10.3 per 100 popl.), radio relay widely used; 1 satellite station with 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas; 160 AM, 12 FM, and 74 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,040,000; 5,715,000 fit for military service; 236,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $3,426,600; about 16.6% of total central government budget i NEitt&UCNEA 1NUDNESIAe Canberra LAND 7,692,300 km2; 6% arable, 58% pasture, 2% forested, 34% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm; prawn and crayfish on continental shelf) Coastline: about 25,760 km PEOPLE Population: 15,011,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.3% Nationality: noun-Australian(s); adjective-Australian Ethnic divisions: 99% Caucasian, 1% Asian and aborigine Religion: 98% Christian Language: English Literacy: 98.5% Labor force: 6.5 million; 14% agriculture, 32% industry, 37% services, 15% commerce, 2% other; 6.2% unem- ployment Organized labor: 44% of labor force GOVERNMENT Official name: Commonwealth of Australia Type: federal parliamentary state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign or-head of state Capital: Canberra Political subdivisions: 6 states and 2 territories-Austra- lian Capital Territory (Canberra) and Northern Territory Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1900; High Court has jurisdiction over cases involv- ing interpretation of the constitution; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: 26 January Branches: Parliament (House of Representatives and Sen- ate); Prime Minister and Cabinet responsible to House; independent judiciary Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 AUSTRALIA (Continued) Government leaders: Governor General Sir Zelman COWEN; Prime Minister J. Malcolm FRASER Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: held at three-year intervals or sooner if Parlia- ment is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election October 1980 Political parties and leaders: government-Liberal Party (Malcolm Fraser) and National Country Party (Douglas Anthony); opposition-Labor Party (William J. Hayden) Voting strength. (1980 parliamentary election): lower house-Liberal-Country coalition, 74 seats; Labor Party, 51 seats; Senate-Liberal-Country coalition, 31 seats; Labor, 27 seats; Australian Democrats, 5 seats; Independents, 1 seat Communists: 5,000 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Labor Party (anti-Communist Labor Party splinter group) Member of: ADB, AIOEC, ANZUS, CIPEC (associate), Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, ELDO, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP,- IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-Interna- tional Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $120.4 billion (1979), $8,360 per capita; 60% private consumption, 16% government current expenditure, 24% investment (?1975); 2.8% real average annual growth (1979) Agriculture: large areas devoted to livestock grazing; 60% of area used for crops is planted in wheat; major products- wool, livestock, wheat, fruits, sugarcane; self-sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,300 calories per day per capita Fishing: catch 122,947 metric tons (1978); exports $94.5 million (FY75), imports $86.2 million (FY75) Major industries: mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals Crude steel: 7.8 million metric tons produced'(FY76), 560 kg per capita Electric power: 26,358,140 kW capacity (1980); 98.843 billion kWh produced (1980), 6,728 kWh per capita Exports: $18.7 billion (f.o.b., 1979); principal products (1979)-44% agricultural products, 14% metalliferous: ores, 10% wool, 10% coal Imports: $18.3 billion (c.i.f., .1979); principal products (1977)-41% manufactured raw materials, 28% capital equipment, 25%? consumer goods Major trade partners: (1979) exports-28% Japan, 12% US, 5% New Zealand, 4% UK; imports-23% US, 11% UK, 18% Japan Aid: economic-Australian aid abroad in Australian dol- lars,.$662 million (FY81-82); for Papua New Guinea in US dollars, $290 million per year 1981-86 . Budget: expenditures, A$40.86 billion; receipts A$40.72 billion (FY81-82) Monetary conversion rate: 1.0 Australian dollar=US$1.08 (February 1982) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS 'Railroads: 42,855 km total (1980); 9,689 km 1.60-meter gauge, 15,783 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 17,383 km 1.067-meter gauge; 800 km electrified (June 1962); govern- ment owned (except for few hundred kilometers of privately owned track) Highways: 837,872 km total (1980); 207,650 km paved, 205,454 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 424,768 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 8,368 km; mainly by small, shallow- draft craft Ports: 12 major, numerous minor Pipelines: crude oil, 740 km; refined products, 340 km; natural gas, 6,947 km Civil air: around 150 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,584 total, 1,526 usable; 207 with permanent- surface runways, 2 with runways over 3,660 m; 16 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 570 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: very good international and do- mestic service; 7.4 million telephones (52 per 100 popl.); 223 AM, 5 FM, and 111 TV stations; 3 earth satellite stations; submarine cables to New Zealand, New Guinea, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Guam DEFENSE -FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,907,000; 3,334,000 fit for military service; 131,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1982, $4.7 billion; about 10.1% of total central government budget Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 AUSTRIA Vienna* AUSTRIA LAND 83,916 km2; 20% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 15% waste or urban, 38% forested, 1% inland water Land boundaries: 2,582 km PEOPLE Population: 7,510,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.0% Nationality: noun-Austrian(s); adjective-Austrian Ethnic divisions: 98.1% German, 0.7% Croatian, 0.3% Slovene, 0.9% other Religion: 85% Roman Catholic, 7% Protestant, 8% none or other Language: German Literacy: 98% Labor force: 2,875,000 (September 1980); 18% agriculture and forestry, 49% industry and crafts, 18% trade and communications, 7% professions, 6% public service, 2% other; 1.2% unemployed; an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number 184,100 (September 1980) Organized labor: 60% of wage and salary workers (1979) GOVERNMENT Official name: Republic of Austria Type: federal republic Capital: Vienna Political subdivisions: 9 states (Laender) including the capital Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; constitution adopted 1920, repromulgated in 1945; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; legal educa- tion at Universities of Vienna, Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Linz; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 26 October Branches: bicameral parliament, directly elected Presi- dent whose functions are largely representational, independ- ent federal judiciary Government leaders: President Rudolf KIRCH- SCHLAGER; Chancellor Bruno KREISKY leads a one-party Socialist government Suffrage: universal over age 19; compulsory for presiden- tial elections Elections: presidential, every six years (next 1986); parlia- mentary, every four years (next 1983) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party of Austria (SPOe), Bruno Kreisky, Chairman; Austrian People's Party (OeVP), Alois Mock, Chairman; Liberal Party (FPOe), Nor- bert Steger, Chairman; Communist Party, Franz Muhri, Chairman Voting strength (1979 election): 51.0% SPOe, 41.9% OeVP, 6.1% FPOe, 1.0% Communist Communists: membership 25,000 est.; activists 7,000- 8,000 Other political or pressure groups: Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party (OeVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; the OeVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrial- ists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organi- zation, Catholic Action Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, ECE, EFTA, EMA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $62.16 billion (1980), $8,280 per capita; 56% private consumption, 18% public consumption, 26% investment; 1980 real GNP growth rate, 0.3% Agriculture: livestock, forest products, cereals, potatoes, sugar beets; 84% self-sufficient; caloric intake 3,230 calories per day per capita.(1969-70) Major industries: foods, iron and steel, machinery, tex- tiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp Crude steel: 4.9 million metric tons produced (1979), 650 kg per capita (1979) Electric power: 13,200,000 kW capacity (1980); 40.815 billion kWh produced (1980), 6,728 kWh per capita Exports: $17.2 billion (f.o.b., 1980); iron and steel prod- ucts, machinery and equipment, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals Imports: $23.4 billion (c.i.f., 1980); machinery and equip- ment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, petroleum, foodstuffs Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 AUSTRIA (Continued) Major trade partners: (1980) 37.1% West Germany,'9.5% Italy, 6.2% Switzerland, .3.5% UK, 2.8% US; 59.8% EC; 10.1% Eastern Europe Aid: (1970-79) bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $670 million Budget: expenditures, $23.18 billion; revenues, $1'9.45 billion; deficit, $3.73 billion (1982) Monetary conversion rate: 15.89 shillings=US$1, 1981 average Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 6,517 km total; 5.877 km government owned; 5,397 km standard gauge (1.435 m) of which 2,730 km electrified and 1,333 km double tracked; 480 km narrow gauge (0.760 m) of which 91 km electrified; 640' km privately owned (1.435- and 1.000-meter gauge) Highways: approximately 33,600 km total national classi- fied network, including 10,400 km federal and 23,200 km provincial roads; about 20,800 km paved (bituminous, con- crete, stone block) and 12,800 km unpaved (gravel, crushed stone, stabilized soil); additional 60,800 km communal roads (mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth) and 1,012 km autobahn Inland waterways: 427 km Ports: 2 major river (Vienna, Linz) Pipelines: 554 km crude oil; 2,611 km natural gas; 171 km refined -products Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in Airfields: 55 total, 53 usable; 16 with permanent-surface` runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 160 AM, 450 FM, and 780 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station; 2.81 million telephones (37.5 per 100 popl.) DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,878,000; 1;590,000 fit for military service; 65,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1982, $782 million; about 3.6% of the proposed federal budget . LAND 11,396 km2; 1% cultivated, .29% forested, 70% built on, wasteland, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,542 km (New Providence Island, 76 km) PEOPLE Population: 237,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.8% Nationality: noun-Bahamian(s); adjective-Bahamian Ethnic divisions: 80% Negro, 10% white, 10% mixed Religion: Baptists 29%, Church of England 23%, Roman Catholic 23%, smaller groups of other Protestant, Greek Orthodox, and Jews Language: English Labor force: 101,000 (1979), 25% organized; 19% unem- ployment (1979) ? GOVERNMENT Official name: The Commonwealth of The Bahamas Type: independent commonwealth since July 1973, recog- nizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State . Capital: Nassau (New Providence Island) Legal system: based on English law National holiday: Independence Day, 10 July Branches: bicameral legislature (appointed Senate, elect- ed House); executive (Prime Minister and Cabinet); judiciary Government leaders: Prime Minister Lynden O. PIND- LING; Governor General Gerald C. CASH Suffrage: universal over age 18; registered voters (July 1977)73,309 . Elections: House of Assembly (19 July 1977); next election due constitutionally in five years ? Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 THE BAHAMAS (Continued) Political parties and leaders: Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), predominantly black, Lynden O. Pindling; Bahamian Democratic Party (BDP), Henry Bostwick; Free National Movement (FNM), Cecil Wallace-Whitfield; Social Demo- cratic Party (SDP), Norman Solomon Voting strength (1977 election): PLP (55%) 30 seats, BDP (27%) 6 seats, FNM (15%) 2 seats, others (3%) 0 seats Communists: none known Member of: CDB, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, UN, UPO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $1,083 million (1979), $4,650 per capita; real growth rate 3-4% (1980) Agriculture: food importer, main crops-fish, fruits, vegetables Major industries: tourism, cement, oil refining, lumber, salt production, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral weld, and steel pipe Electric power: 320,000 kW capacity (1981); 650 million kWh produced (1981), 3,307 kWh per capita Exports (nonoil): $194 million (f.o.b., 1979); pharmaceuti- cals, cement, rum Imports (nonoil): $364 million (f.o.b., 1979); foodstuffs, manufactured goods Major trade partners: nonoil exports-US 41%, UK 12%, Canada 3%; nonoil imports-US 73%, UK 13%, Canada 2% (1973) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including Ex-Im (1970-80) from US, $34.3 million; from other Western countries (1970-79), $137.7 million; no military aid Budget: (1979 actual) revenues, $208 million; expend- itures, $216 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahamian dollar=US$1 Fiscal year:. calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 3,350 km total; 1,350 km paved, 2,000 km gravel Ports: 2 major (Freeport, Nassau), 9 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in Airfields: 55 total, 51 usable; 27 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: telecom facilities highly developed, including 62,000 telephones (28 per 100 popl.) in totally automatic system; tropospheric scatter link with Florida; 3 AM stations, 2 FM stations and 1 TV station; 3 coaxial submarine cables LAND 596 kmz plus group of 32 smaller islands; 5% cultivated, negligible forested area, remainder desert, waste, or urban WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm PEOPLE Population: 380,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 4.7% Nationality: noun-Bahraini(s); adjective-Bahraini Ethnic divisions: 63% Bahraini, 10% other Arab, 13% Asian, 8% Iranian, 6% other Religion: Muslim, slightly more Shias than Sunnis Language: Arabic, English also widely spoken Literacy: about 40% Labor force: 130,000 (1980 est.); 43% of labor force is Bahraini GOVERNMENT Official name: State of Bahrain Type: traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971 Capital: Manama Legal system: based on Islamic law and English common law; constitution went into effect December 1973 National holiday: 16 December Branches: Amir rules with help of a Cabinet led by Prime Minister; Amir dissolved the National'Assembly in August 1975 and suspended the constitutional provision for election of the Assembly; independent judiciary Government leader: Amir `Isa bin Salman Al KHALIFA Political parties and pressure groups: political parties prohibited; several small, clandestine leftist and Shia Funda- mentalist groups are active Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 BAHRAIN (Continued) Communists: negligible Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISCON, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GDP: $1.8 billion (1980 est.), $4,600 per capita; annual .real growth rate (1973-77) 11%, dominated by oil industry; 1980 average daily crude oil production, 48,000 b/d (oil expected to last 15 years if no new discoveries are made); 1980 natural gas production, 177 billion ft; government oil revenues for 1978 are estimated at $845 million Agriculture: produces dates, alfalfa, vegetables; dairy and poultry farming; fishing; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: petroleum refining, aluminum smelt- ing, ship repairing, shrimp fishing, pearls and sailmaking on a small scale;. major development projects include flourmill, and ISA'town; OAPEC dry dock opened in 1977 Electric power: 900,000 kW capacity (1980); 4.0 billion kWh produced (1980), 10,204 kWh per capita Exports: $3.8 billion (f.o.b., 1980); nonoil exports (includ- ing reexports), $550.8 million (1980); oil exports, $3.3 billion (1980) Imports: $3.6 billion (c.i.f., 1980); nonoil imports $1.6 billion (1980); oil imports $2.0 billion (1980) Major trade partners: Saudi Arabia, UK, US, Japan, EC Budget: (1980) $488 million current expenditure, $302 million capital Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahrain dinar=US$2.65 (1980) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 93 km bituminous surfaced; undetermined mileage of natural surface tracks Ports: 1 major (Bahrain) Pipelines: crude oil, 56 km; refined products, 16 km; natural gas, 32 km Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runways over 3,660 m; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: excellent international telecom- munications; limited domestic services; 38,300 telephones (14.2 per 100 popl.); 2 AM stations, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station; tropospheric scatter and microwave to Qatar and United Arab Emirates DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 106,000; 61,000 fit for military service Supply: from several West European -countries, especially France and UK Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1979, $87.8 million; 11% of central government budget LAND 142,500 km2; 66% arable (including cultivated and fallow), 18% not available for cultivation, 16% forested Land boundaries: 2,535 km WATER Limits of territorial' waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 580 km PEOPLE Population: 93,040,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.6% Nationality: noun-Bangladeshi(s); , adjective-Bangla- desh Ethnic divisions: predominantly Bengali; fewer than one million "Biharis" and fewer than one million tribals Religion: 85% Muslim, about 12% Hindu, less than 1% Buddhist, Christian, or other Language: Bengali Literacy: 24.3% (1979-80) Labor force: 30.7 million; extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, and Kuwait; 80% of labor force is in agriculture, 15% services, 11% industry (FY79) GOVERNMENT ' Official name: People's Republic of Bangladesh Type: independent republic since December 1971; Gov- ernment of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman overthrown in August 1975; two other coups followed; after four years of martial law rule, presidential elections were held in June 1978 and a new parliament was elected in February 1979; President Ziaur Rahman assassinated in failed military coup on 30 May 1981; former Vice President Justice Abdus Sattar became President in election on 15 November 1981; martial law imposed 24 March 1982; government dissolved Capital: Dacca Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 BANGLADESH (Continued) Political subdivisions: 19 districts, 413 thanas (counties), 4,365 unions (village groupings) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted December 1972; amended January 1975 to more authoritarian presidential system, changed by proclamation in April 1977 to reflect Islamic character of nation; further change, by proclamation in December 1978, to provide for the appointments of the Prime Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister, as well as other ministers of Cabinet rank, and to further define the powers of the President National holiday: Independence Day, 26 March Branches: constitution provides for unicameral legisla- ture, strong President; independent judiciary; President has substantial control over the judiciary Government leader: President Abdus Sattar replaced by martial law administrator Lt. Gen. H. M. ERSHAD in March 1982 coup Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: Second Parliament (House of the Nation) elect- ed in February 1979; elections every five years; most recent presidential election November 1981 Political parties and leaders: Bangladesh Nationalist Party (formed September 1978), Abdus Sattar; Awami League, Sheikh Hasina Wajed; United People's Party, Kazi Zafar Ahmed; Democratic League, Khondakar Mushtaque Ahmed; Muslim League, Khan A. Sabur; Jatiya Samaitantrik Dal (National Socialist Party), M. A. Jalil; Bangladesh Com- munist Party (pro-Soviet), Manindra Moni Singh; numerous small parties; political activity banned following March 1982 coup Communists: 2,500 members (est.) Member.of: ADB, Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organi- zation, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMCO, ISCON, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $9.1 billion est. (FY79, current prices), $100 per capita; real growth, 4.4% (FY79) Agriculture: large subsistence farming, heavily dependent on monsoon rainfall; main crops are jute and rice; short- ages-grain, cotton, and oilseed Fishing: catch 835,000 metric tons (FY78) Major industries: jute manufactures, food processing and cotton textiles Electric power: 1,302,000 kW capacity (1980); 1.750 billion kWh produced (1980), 20 kWh per capita Exports: $759 million (f.o.b. 1980); raw and manufactured jute, leather, tea Imports: $2,348 million (f.o.b. 1980); foodgrains, fuels, raw cotton, fertilizer, manufactured products Major trade partners: exports-US 14%, USSR 8%; im- ports-US 19%, Japan 12% (FY79) Budget: (FY81) domestic revenue, $2,379 million; expend- itures, $2,203 million Monetary conversion rate: 16 taka=US$1 (June 1981) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,085 km total (1980); 2,198 km meter gauge (1.000 m),1,852 km broad gauge (1.676 m), 35 km narrow gauge (0.762 m), 300 km double track; government owned Highways: 45,633 km total; 4,076 km paved, 2,693 km gravel, 38,864 km earth Inland waterways: 7,000 km; river steamers navigate main waterways Ports: 1 major (Chittagong), 2 minor Pipelines: 854 km natural gas Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 23 total, 15 usable; 17 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: adequate international radio- communications and landline service; fair domestic wire and microwave service; fair broadcast service; 100,000 (est.) telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, 6 FM, 7 TV stations, and 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 21,456,000; 11,190,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1982, $1.7 billion; about 10.8% of central government budget Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 BARBADOS REPLJBUC Government leaders: Prime Minister J. M. G. "Tom" ADAMS; Governor General Sir Deighton H. L. WARD Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: House of Assembly members have terms no longer than five years; last general election held 18 June 1981 Political parties and leaders: Barbados Labor Party (BLP), J. M. G. "Tom" Adams; Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Errol Barrow Voting strength (1981 election): Barbados Labor Party (BLP), 52.4%; Democratic Labor Party, 46.8%; Independent, negligible; House of Assembly seats-BLP 17, DLP 10 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Movement for Na- tional Liberation (MONALI), a small leftist group led by Bobby Clarke Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $811 million (1980), $3,257 per capita; real growth rate 1980, 5% Agriculture: main products-sugarcane, subsistence foods Major industries: tourism, sugar milling, light manu- facturing Electric power: 110,000 kW capacity (1981); 325 million kWh produced (1980), 1,265 kWh per capita Exports: $207 million (f.o.b., 1980); sugar and sugarcane byproducts, electrical parts, clothing Imports: $424 million (c.i.f., 1979); foodstuffs, consumer durables, machinery, fuels Major trade partners: exports-36% US, 27% CARICOM, UK; imports-34% US, 18% CARICOM, UK, Canada (1980) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including Ex-Im (FY70-80) from US, $9.3 million; (1970-79) ODA and OOF commitments from other Western countries, $52.1 million; no military aid Budget: (1980) revenues, $223 million; expenditures, $270 million Monetary conversion rate: 2.01 Barbados dollars=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,546 km total; 1,450 km paved, and 96 km gravel, and earth Ports: 1 major (Bridgetown), 2 minor Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in) Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runways 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: islandwide automatic telephone system with 47,000 telephones (17.2 per 100 popl.); tropo- spheric scatter link to Trinidad; UHF/VHF links to St. Vincent and St. Lucia; 2 AM stations, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 64,000; 45,000 fit for military service; no conscription LAND 430 km2; 60% cropped, 10% permanent meadows, 30% unused, built on, or wasteland WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 97 km PEOPLE Population: 252,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.5% Nationality: noun-Barbadian(s); adjective-Barbadian Ethnic divisions: 80% African, 17% mixed, 4% European Religion: Anglican (74%), Roman Catholic, Methodist, and Moravian Language: English Literacy: over 90% Labor force: 106,000 (1979 est.) wage and salary earners; unemployment 11% (1979) Organized labor: 32% GOVERNMENT Official name: Barbados Type: independent sovereign state within the Common- wealth since November 1966, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Bridgetown Political subdivisions: 11 parishes and city of Bridgetown Legal system: English common law; constitution came into effect upon independence in 1966; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 30 November Branches: legislature consisting of a 21-member ap- pointed Senate and a 27-member elected House of Assem- bly; Cabinet headed by Prime Minister Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 BELGIUM LAND 30,562 km2; 28% cultivated, 24% meadow and pasture, 28% waste, urban, or other; 20% forested Land boundaries: 1,377 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 64 km PEOPLE Population: 9,881,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.1% Nationality: noun-Belgian(s); adjective-Belgian Ethnic divisions: 55% Flemings, 33% Walloons, 12% mixed or other - Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 3% none or other Language: French, Flemish (Dutch), German, in small area of eastern Belgium; divided along ethnic lines Literacy: 97% Labor force: 4.09 million (July 1978); in June 1976, 46.7% in services, 28.0% in mining and manufacturing, 7.4% in construction, 6.6% in transportation, 3.2% in agriculture, 1.0% commuting foreign workers, 0.4% in public works; 10.2% unemployed (January 1982) Organized labor: 7'0%'o f labor force GOVERNMENT Official name: Kingdom of Belgium Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Brussels Political subdivisions: nine provinces; as of 1 October 1980, Wallonia and Flanders have regional ,subgovern- ments" with elected regional councils and executive officials; those regional authorities will have limited powers over revenues and certain areas of economic, urban, environmen- tal, and housing policy; the authority of the regional sub- governments will increase over a five-year period; Wallonia also has a separate Walloon Cultural Council Legal system: civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; constitution adopted 1831, since amended; judicial review of legislative acts; legal-education at four law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: National Day, 21 July Branches: executive branch consists of King and Cabinet; Cabinet responsible to bicameral parliament; independent judiciary; coalition governments are usual Government leaders: Head of State, King BAUDOUIN I; Prime Minister Wilfried MARTENS Suffrage: universal over age 18 (as of 1981) Elections: held 8 November 1981 (held at least once every 4. years) Political parties and leaders: Flemish Social, Christian, Frank Swaelen, president; Francophone Social Christian, Gerard Desprez, president; Flemish Socialist, Karel Van Miert, president; Francophone Socialist, Guy Spitaels, presi- dent; Flemish Liberal, Guy Verhofstadt, president; Franco- phone Liberals, Louis Michel, president; Francophone Democratic Front, Antoinette Spaak, president; Volksunie (Flemish Nationalist), Vic Anciaux, president; Communist, Louis Van Geyt, president; Walloon Rally, Henri Mordant Voting strength (1981 election): 61 seats Social Christian, 61 seats Socialist, 52 seats Liberal, 20 seats Volksunie, 8 seats Francophone Democratic Front and Walloon Rally, 4 seats Ecologist, 3 seats Anti-Tax Party (UDRT), 2 seats Commu- nist, 1 seat Flemist Extremist Communists: 10,000 members (est., October 1981) Other political or pressure groups: Christian and Socialist Trade Unions; the Federation of Belgium Industries; numer- ous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; various organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia, various peace groups such as Flem- ish Action Committee Against Nuclear Weapons Member of: ADB, Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECE, ECOSOC, ECSC, EEC; EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, ICES, IDA, rEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, Internation- al Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG - ECONOMY GNP: $118.5 billion (1980), $12,017 per capita; 64.3% consumption, 21.1% investment, 18.7% government con- sumption, 0.08% stock building, 0.91% net foreign balance (1978); 2% real growth-rate in 1980 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 BELGIUM (Continued) Fishing: catch 33,178 metric tons (1978); exports $60 million (1978), imports $327 million (1978) Major industries. engineering and metal products, proc- essed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, and petroleum Crude steel: 18.0 million metric tons capacity (December 1981); 13.4 million metric tons produced, 1,360 kg per capita (1978) Electric power: 12,500,000 kW capacity (1980); 53,643 million kWh produced (1980), 5,440 kWh per capita Exports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $88.9 billion (f.o.b., 1980); iron and steel products, finished or semifinished precious stones, textile products Imports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $93.5 billion (c.i.f., 1980); nonelectrical machinery, motor vehicles, textiles, chemicals, fuels Major trade partners: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union, 1979) 70% EC (22% West Germany, 17% France, 16% Netherlands, 8% UK, 5% Italy), 5% US Aid: (1970-79) bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $3,018 million , Budget: (1982 proj.) revenues, Belgian francs (BF) 1,153.5 billion; expenditures, BF 1,507.7 billion; deficit, BF $354.2 billion Monetary conversion rate: (1980 average) 29.243 Belgian Francs=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,171 km total; 3,971 km standard gauge (1.435 m) and government-owned, 2,536 km double track, 1,413 km electrified; 200 km government-owned, electrified meter gauge (1.000 m) Highways: 104,663 km total; 1,102 km paved, limited access, divided autoroute; 51,780 km other paved; 51,781 km unpaved Inland waterways: 2,043 km, of which 1,528 km are in regular use by commercial transport Ports: 5 major, 1 minor Pipelines: refined products, 1,115 km; crude, 161 km; natural gas, 3,218 km Civil air: 49 major transport aircraft, including 4 leased in and 5 leased out Airfields: 47 total, 46 usable; 25 with permanent-surface runways; 14 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent domestic and interna- tional telephone and telegraph facilities; 3.45 million tele- phones (35.0 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 31 FM, and 31 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean IN- TELSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,478,000; 2,096,000 fit for military service; 79,000 reach military age (19) annually BELIZE (formerly British Honduras) LAND 22,973 km2; 38% agricultural (5% cultivated), 46% exploit- able forest, 16% urban, waste, water, offshore islands or other Land boundaries: 515 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 386 km PEOPLE Population: 150,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.8% Nationality: noun-Belizean(s); adjective-Belizean Ethnic divisions: 51% Negro, 22% mestizo, 19% Amer- indian, 8% other Religion: 50% Roman Catholic; Anglican, Seventh-Day Adventist, Methodist, Baptist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Men- nonite Language: English, Spanish, Maya, and Carib Literacy: 70%-80% Labor force: 40,000; 39% agriculture, 14% manufactur- ing, 8% commerce, 12% construction and transport, 20% services, 7% other; shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel; over 15% are unemployed Organized labor: 8% of labor force GOVERNMENT Official name: Belize Type: became an independent state on 21 September 1981; a member of the Commonwealth Capital: Belmopan Legal system: English law Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 BELIZE (Continued) Branches: 18-member elected National Assembly and eight-member Senate (either house may choose its speaker or president, respectively, from outside its elected member- ship); Cabinet; judiciary Government leaders: Prime Minister George C. PRICE; Governor General Minita GORDON Suffrage: universal adult (probably 21) Elections: Parliamentary elections held November 1979 Political parties and leaders: People's United Party (PUP), George Price; United Democratic Party (UDP), Theo- dore Aranda Voting strength (National Assembly): PUP 13 seats, UDP 5 seats Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: United Workers Union, which is connected with PUP Member of: CARICOM, ISO ECONOMY GDP: $140 million (1979), $960 per capita (1979 est.); real growth rate 1980, 4% (est.) Agriculture: main products-sugarcane, citrus fruits, corn, molasses, rice, beans, bananas, livestock products; net importer of food; caloric intake, 2,500 calories per day per capita Major industries: sugar refining, garments, timber and forest products, furniture, rum, soap Electric power: 16,000 kW capacity (1980); 42 million kWh produced (1980), 288 kWh per capita Exports: $130 million (f.o.b., 1980 est.); sugar, garments, fish, molasses, citrus fruits Imports: $141 million (c.i.f., 1980 est.); machinery and transportation equipment, food, manufactured goods, fuels Major trade partners: exports-US 43%, UK 37%, Trini- dad and Tobago 6%, Mexico 2%; imports-US 52%, UK 17%, Netherlands Antilles 5% (1979 est.) Aid: economic-authorized from US, including Ex-Im (FY70-80), 5.3 million; bilateral ODA and OOF commit- ments from Western (non-US) countries (1970-79), $93.4 million Budget: revenues, $88 million; expenditures, $88 million (projected budget for April 1981 through March 1982) Monetary conversion rate: 2 Belize dollars=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,575 km total; 340 km paved, 1,190 km gravel, 735 km improved earth and 310 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 800 km river network used by shallow-draft craft Ports: 1 major (Belize), 4 minor Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft, leased in Airfields: 37 total, 28 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: 5,800 telephones in automatic and manual network (2.7 per 100 popl.); radio-relay system; 6 AM stations and 1 FM station; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 35,000; 21,000 fit for military service; 1,600 reach military age (18) annually Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 BENIN (formerly Dahomey) LAND 115,773 km2; southern third of country is most fertile; arable land 80% (actually cultivated 11%), forests and game preserves 19%, nonarable 1% Land boundaries: 1,963 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (100 nm mineral exploitation limit) Coastline: 121 km PEOPLE Population: 3,636,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.6% Nationality: noun-Beninese (sing., pl.); adjective- Beninese Ethnic divisions: 99% Africans (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), 5,500 Europeans Religion: 12% Muslim, 8% Christian, 80% animist Language: French official; Fon and Yoruba most com- mon vernaculars in south; at least six major tribal languages in north Literacy: about 20% Labor force: 70% of labor force employed in agriculture; less than 2% of the labor force work in the industrial sector and the remainder are employed in transport, commerce, and public services Organized labor: approximately 75% of wage earners, divided among two major and several minor unions GOVERNMENT Official name: People's Republic of Benin Type: party state, under military rule since 26 October 1972; the military plans to relinquish. power to a 336- member National Assembly Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto) Political subdivisions: 6 provinces, 46 districts, Legal system: based on French civil law and customary law; legal education generally obtained in France; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 30 November Branches: National Revolutionary Assembly, National Executive Council, Central Committee of party Government leader: Col. Mathieu KEREKOU, President, Chief of State, and Minister of Defense S,?frage:"universal adult Elections: National Assembly elections were held in No- vember 1979; Assembly then formally elected Kerekou President in February 1980. Political parties: People's Revolutionary Party of Benin (PRPB) established in 1975 Communists: sole party espouses Marxism-Leninism Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NAM, Niger River Commis- sion, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,?WTO ECONOMY GNP: $1,139.5; million (1980), $286 per capita; 5.7% real growth during 1980 Agriculture: major cash crop is oil palms; peanuts, cotton, coffee, sheanuts, and tobacco also produced commercially; main food crops-corn, cassava, yams, rice, sorghum and millet; livestock, fish Fishing: catch 25,452 metric tons (1979 est.); exports" 600 metric tons, imports 7,365 metric tons (1979) Major industries: palm oil and palm kernel oil processing, textiles, beverages Electric power: 19,500 kW. capacity (1980); 8 million kWh produced (1980), 80 million kWh imported from Ghana, 2 kWh per capita Exports: $170 million (f.o.b., 1980); palm products (34%); other agricultural products Imports: $410 million (c.i.f., 1980); clothing and other consumer goods, cement, lumber, fuels, foodstuffs, machin- ery, and transport equipment Major trade partners: France, EC, franc zone; preferen- tial tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Budget: (1980) revenues $156.2 million, current expendi- tures $127.1 million, development expenditures $139.0 million Monetary conversion rate: 281.23 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (1981) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5791m, all meter gauge (1.00 m) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 BERMUDA BENIN (Continued) Highways: 3,303 km total; 705 km paved, 2,598 km improved earth Inland waterways: small sections, only important locally Ports: 1 major (Cotonou), 1.minor Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 9 total, 9 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of open wire and radio relay; 16,200 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 2 AM stations, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: eligible 15-49, 1,579,000; of the 778,000 males 15-49, 393,000 are fit for military service; about 37,000 males and 38,000 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes are liable for military service LAND 54.4 km2; 8% arable, 60% forested, 21% built on, waste- land, and other, 11% leased for air and naval bases WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 103 km PEOPLE Population: 72,000.(July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.6% Nationality: noun-Bermudian(s); adjective-Bermudian Ethnic divisions: approximately 61% black, 39% white Religion: 37% Church of England, 19% other Protestant, 14% Catholic, 30% other Language: English Literacy: 98% Labor force: 29,669 employed (1980) GOVERNMENT Official name: Bermuda Type: British colony Capital: Hamilton Political subdivisions: 9 parishes Legal system: English law Branches: Executive Council (cabinet) appointed by gov- ernor, led by government leader; bicameral legislature with an appointed Legislative Council and a 40-member directly elected House of Assembly; Supreme Court Government leaders: Governor Sir Richard POSNETT; Premier John William David SWAN Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: at least once every five years; last general election, December 1980 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 BERMUDA (Continued) Political parties and leaders: United Bermuda Party (UBP), J. David Gibbons; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Lois Browne-Evans Voting strength (1980 elections): UBP 54%, PLP 46%; the UBP holds 22 House of Assembly seats, the PLP holds 18 seats Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU) headed by Ottiwell Simmons ECONOMY GDP: $598 million (FY79/80), $10,894 per capita; real growth rate FY79/80, est. 3% Agriculture: main products-bananas, vegetables, Easter lilies, dairy products, citrus fruits . Major industries: tourism, finance Electric power: 110,000 kW capacity (1981); 355 million kWh produced (1981), 5,460 kWh per capita Exports: $31 million (f.o.b., 1979); mostly reexports of drugs and bunker fuel Imports: $234 million (f.o.b., 1979); fuel, foodstuffs;, machinery Major trade partners: imports, 50% US; tourists, 90% US Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-80), from US $34 million; from Western (non-)S) countries, ODA' and OOF (FY70-79), $109 million; no military aid Budget: revenues, $132 million; expenditures $132 mil- lion; (FY81/82) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bermuda dollar=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 190 km, all paved Ports: 3 major (Hamilton, St. George Freeport, Ireland Island) Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runways 2,440-3,659 m . Telecommunications: modern telecom system; includes fully automatic telephone system with 39,500 sets (63.7?.per 100 popl.); 3 AM, AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations;, 3 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station LAND 46,600 km2; 15% agricultural, 15% desert, waste, urban, 70% forested Land boundaries: about 870 km PEOPLE Population: 1,364,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.3% Nationality: noun-Bhutanese (sing., pl.); adjective- Bhutanese Ethnic divisions: 60% Bhotias, 25% ethnic Nepalese, 15% indigenous or migrant tribes Religion: 75% Lamaistic Buddhism, 25% Buddhist- influenced Hinduism Language: Bhotias speak various Tibetan dialects-most widely spoken dialect is Dzongkha, the official language; Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects Literacy: insignificant Labor force: 300,000; 99% agriculture, 1% industry; massive lack of skilled labor GOVERNMENT Official name: Kingdom of Bhutan Type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India Capital: Thimphu Political subdivisions: 4 regions (east, central, west, south), further divided into 15-18 subdivisions Legal system: based on Indian law and English common law; in 1964 the monarch assumed full power-no constitu- tion existed beforehand; a Supreme Court hears appeals from district administrators; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 17 December Branches: appointed Ministers and indirectly elected Assembly consisting of village elders, monastic representa- tives, and all district and senior government administrators Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 BHUTAN (Continued) Government leader: King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK Suffrage: each family has one vote Elections: popular elections on village level held every three years Political parties: all parties illegal Communists: no overt Communist presence Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy Member of: Colombo Plan, G-77, IBRD, IFAD, IMF, NAM, UPU, UN ECONOMY GNP: $116 million (FY81), $97 per capita; 3.6% growth in FY81 Agriculture: rice, barley, wheat, potatoes, fruit Major industries: handicrafts (particularly textiles) Electric power: 3,000 kW capacity (1981); 8 million kWh produced (1981), 6 kWh per capita Exports: $12 million (FY81); fruit and vegetables, timber, coal, and cardamom Imports: about $19 million (FY81); textiles, cereals, vehicles Major trade partner: India Aid: economic-India (FY61-72), $180 million Budget: domestic revenue $12.9 million, expenditures $39.3 million (FY81 est.) Monetary conversion rate: both ngultrums and Indian rupees are legal tender; 9.16 ngultrums=9.16 Indian rupees=US$1 as of October 1981 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 1,304 km total; 418 km surfaced, 515 km improved, 371 km unimproved earth Freight carried: not available, very light traffic Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total; 2 usable; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: facilities inadequate; 1,300 tele- phones (0.1 per 100 pop].); 6,000 est. radio sets; no TV sets; 1 AM station and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 332,000; 178,000 fit for military service;, about 16,000 reach military age (18) annually Supply: dependent on India LAND 1,098,160 km2; 2% cultivated and fallow, 11% pasture and meadow, 45% urban, desert, waste, or other, 40% forest, 2% inland water Land boundaries: 6,083 km PEOPLE Population: 5,633,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.6% Nationality: noun-Bolivian(s); adjective-Bolivian Ethnic divisions: 50%-75% Indian, 20%-35% mestizo, 5%-15% white Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; active Protes- tant minority, especially Methodist Language: Spanish,. Aymara, Quechua Literacy: 35%-40% Labor force: 2.8 million (1977); 70% agriculture, 3% mining, 10% services and utilities, 7% manufacturing, 10% other Organized labor: 150,000-200,000, concentrated in min- ing, industry, construction, and transportation GOVERNMENT Official name: Republic of Bolivia Type: republic; military dictatorship since 17 July 1980 Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary) Political subdivisions: nine departments with limited autonomy Legal system: based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; constitution adopted 1967; constitution in force except where contrary to dispositions dictated by governments since 1969; legal education at University of San Andres and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 6 August Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 BOLIVIA (Continued) Branches:. executive; congress of two chambers-Senate and Chamber of Deputies-has not met since the 17 July 1980 coup; judiciary Government leaders: Maj. Gen. Celso TORRELIO Villa (since 4 September 1981) Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18 if married, 21 if single Elections: presidential and congressional elections held on 1 July 1979; since no presidential candidate won required simple majority, the contest was decided in the Congress where a compromise candidate, Senate President Walter Guevara Arce, was elected interim president; Guevara was overthrown on 1 November 1979 by a military coup led by Col. Alberto Natusch Busch; popular repudiation of Natusch forced his resignation after 16 days in power and Congress chose Chamber of Deputies President Lidia Gueiler de Moller as interim president; Gueiler presided over new elections on 29 June 1980, which were won by the UDP coalition candidate, Hernan Siles Zuazo; however, before the planned August inauguration, the government was over- thrown when a military coup led by Gen. Luis Garcia Meza occurred on 17 July 1980; Garcia Meza was replaced in August 1981 by a ruling junta of service commanders, which in turn was replaced on 4 September 1981 by Maj. Gen. Celso Torrelio Villa Political parties and leaders: ban on political parties was lifted in December 1977; however, all political party activity banned since the 17 July 1980 coup; the two-traditional political parties in Bolivia are the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR) and the Bolivian Socialist Phalange (FSB), both are seriously factionalized; Bolivian Socialist Falange (Mario Gutierrez); Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the People (Jaime Arellano); Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of Left (MNRI; Hernan Siles Zuazo); Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR; Jaime Paz Zamora); Authen- tic Revolutionary Party (Walter Guevara Arce); Christian Democratic Party (Benjamin Miguel); Nationalist Revolu- tionary Party of Left (Juan Lechin Oquendo); Paz Estenssor- ista MNR (Leonidas Sanchez); Nationalist Democratic Action Party (ADN; Hugo Banzer) Voting strength (1980 elections): UDP-Democratic Pop- ular Unity Front, a coalition of the MNR1, MIR and several smaller groups 38.5%; MNR 20.5%; ADN 16.8% Communists: three parties; PCB/Soviet led by Jorge Kolle Cueto, about 300 members; PCB/Chinese led by Oscar Zamora, 150 (including 100 in exile); POR (Trotskyist), about 50 members divided between three factions led by Hugo Gonzalez Moscoso, Guillermo Lora Escobar, and Amadeo Arze Member of: FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA and An- dean Sub-Regional Group (created in May 1969 within LAFTA), NAM, OAS, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPO, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $6 billion (1980), $1,050 per capita; 75% private consumption, 15% public consumption, 12% gross domestic investment, -2.0% net foreign balance (1980); 1980 growth, 1% Agriculture: main crops-potatoes, corn, rice, sugarcane, yucca, bananas; imports significant quantities of wheat; caloric intake, 83% of requirements (1978) Major industries: mining, smelting, petroleum refining, food processing, textiles, and clothing Electric power: 460,000 kW capacity (1981); 1.6 billion kWh produced (1981), 273 kWh per capita Exports: $1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1980 est.); tin, petroleum, lead, zinc, silver, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, gold, coffee, sugar, cotton, natural gas Imports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1980 est.); foodstuffs, chemi- cals, capital goods, pharmaceuticals, transportation Major trade partners: exports-Western Europe, 19% (of which UK is largest market); Latin America, 38%; US, 30%; Japan, 3.9%; imports-US, 24%; Western Europe, 15.4% (of which West Germany is largest supplier); Japan, 15.7%; Latin America, 33.6% (1975) Budget: $470 million revenues, $780 million expenditures (1980 est.) Monetary conversion rate: 24.75 pesos=US$1 (October 1981) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,651 km total; 3,514 km meter gauge (1.000 in) and 32 km 0.760-meter gauge, all government owned, single track; 105 km meter gauge (1.000 m) privately owned Highways: 39,650 km total; 1,400 km paved, 7,880 km gravel, 6,800 km improved earth, 23,650 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: officially estimated to be 10,000 km of commercially navigable waterways Pipelines: crude oil, 1,670 km; refined products, 1,495 km; natural gas, 580 km Ports: none (Bolivian cargo moved through Arica and Antofagasta, Chile, and Matarani, Peru) Civil air: 57 major transport aircraft Airfields: 583 total, 535 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 in, 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 127 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: radio-relay system from La Paz to Santa. Cruz; improved international services; 125,300 tele- phones (2.0 per 100 popl.); 135 AM, 19 FM,. and 32 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,241,000; 812,000 fit for military service; 56,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $177.7 million; 15.9% of central govern- ment budget Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 BOTSWANA LAND 569,800 km2; about 6% arable, less than 1% under cultiva- tion, mostly desert Land boundaries: 3,774 km PEOPLE Population: 975,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 4.6% Nationality: noun-Motswana (sing.), Batswana (pl.); ad- jective-Botswana Ethnic divisions: 94% Tswana, 5% Bushmen, 1% Euro- pean Religion: 85% animist, 15% Christian Language: Tswana vernacular Literacy: about 22% in English; about 32% in Tswana; less than 1% secondary school graduates Labor force: 78,000 formal sector employees; most others are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture; 40,000 or over one-half of formal sector employees spend at least six to nine months per year as wage earners in South Africa (1978) Organized labor: eight trade unions organized with a total membership of approximately 9,000 (1972 est.) GOVERNMENT Official name: Republic of Botswana Type: parliamentary republic; independent member of Commonwealth since 1966 Capital: Gaborone Political subdivisions: 12 administrative districts Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at University of Botswana and Swaziland (two and one-half years) and University of Edinburgh (two years); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 30 September Branches: executive-President appoints and presides over the Cabinet, which is responsible to Legislative Assem- bly; legislative-Legislative Assembly with 32 popularly elected members and four members elected by the 32 representatives, House of Chiefs with deliberative powers only; judicial-local courts administer customary law, High Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal has appellate jurisdiction Government leaders: President Dr. Quett K. J. MASIRE; Vice President Lenyeletse M. SERETSE Suffrage: universal, age 21 and over Elections: general elections held 20 October 1979 Political parties.and leaders: Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Quett Masire; Botswana National Front (BNF), Ken- neth Koma; Botswana People's Party (BPP); Botswana Inde- pendence Party (BIP), Motsamai Mpho Voting strength: (October 1979 election) BDP (29 seats); BPP (1 seat); BNF (2 seats); BIP (no seats) Communists: no known Communist organization; Koma of BNF has long history of Communist contacts Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $856.3 million; growth in constant prices, 11.0% in FY79/80, 5% in 1977 Agriculture: principal crops are corn and sorghum; live- stock raised and exported Major industries: livestock processing, mining of dia- monds, copper, nickel, and coal Electric power: 75,000 kW capacity (1977); 85 million kWh produced (1977), 120 kWh per capita Exports: $478.4 million (f.o.b., 1980); diamonds, cattle, animal products, copper, nickel Imports: $643.9 million (c.i.f., 1980); foodstuffs, vehicles, textiles, petroleum products Major trade partners: South Africa and UK Budget: (1981) revenues $252.4 million, current expendi- tures $247.4 million, development expenditures $150.0 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 pula=about US$1.23 (1981) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/04: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100180001-3 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 726 km 1.067-meter gauge Highways: 10,784 km total; 1,105 km paved; 1,465 km crushed stone or gravel; 5,177 km improved earth and 3,037 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: native craft only; of local importance Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in Airfields: 78 total, 67 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 13 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: the small system is a. combination of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and a few radiocom- munication stations; 11,700 telephones (1.5 per 100 popl.); 5 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; INTELSAT satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 177,000; 94,000 fit for military service; 9,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1982, $28.7 million; 4.6% of central government budget Altlantic Ocean: +'.

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FACTBOOK 1982