HANDBOOK OF ECONOMIC STATISTICS 1979

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP07-00617R000200260001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 275
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 29, 2011
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: August 1, 1979
• Content Type: REPORT

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National
Foreign
Assessment
Center
Handbook of
Economic Statistics
1979
ER 79-10274
August 1979
STAT
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Handbook of
Economic Statistics
1979
Research Jor this report was completed
on ~0 June 1979.
Comments and queries on this unclassified report
are welcome and may be directed to:
Director of Public Affairs
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C. 20505
[phone]
For information on obtaining additional copies,
see the inside of front cover.
ER 79-/0274
August /979
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Handbook of
Economic Statistics, 1979
Purpose and Scope
The Handbook oI Economic Statistics, 1979,
provides statistics for selected non-Communist
countries and all the Communist countries.
In general, the data in the Handbook are for
1960, 1965, and 1973-78. Data for the Commu-
nist and non-Communist countries have been
adjusted, when necessary, to achieve comparabil-
ity and therefore may differ from data presented
in the original sources. Footnotes have been used
liberally to give definitions, exceptions, and
methodology. The base year for average annual
rates of growth is the year prior to the stated
period.
Rounding of the Totals
The totals have been rounded, with some excep-
tions, to three significant digits. In general, zeros
appearing after the last nonzero number follow-
ing the decimal point are not significant but are
used merely for consistency in presentation, and,
because of rounding, components may not add to
the totals shown. Totals are not presented if
missing data are believed to represent a signifi-
cant part of the total.
Symbols
The abbreviation N.A. (not available) is used
when information about the existence of the data
or the magnitude of the data is not available, and
the abbreviation Negl. (negligible) is used when
the magnitude of the data is less than one-half of
the final unit employed for each table.
Sources
The data given for the most recent years are
frequently~teliminarv an~su_ sect to rev i~o~
The data for the Communist countries are CIA
estimates, official data from the country cited, or
estimates made by other organizations. The data
for the non-Communist countries are from publi-
cations of the United Nations and the Organiza-
tion for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD), publications of US Government agen-
cies, orunclassified publications of other interna-
tional organizations or individual countries, or
are estimates of this Office.
Terms
Unless otherwise indicated, the term Communist
Countries includes the USSR, the countries of
Eastern Europe, China, North Korea, Vietnam,
Albania, Cuba, and Yugoslavia; the term East-
ern Europe includes Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.
The term European Community includes Bel-
gium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxem-
bourg, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom,
and West Germany. The term developed coun-
tries includes the European Community, Aus-
tria, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Israel, Liechten-
stein, Portugal, Malta, Norway, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, Australia, Canada, Japan,
New Zealand, the Republic of South Africa, and
the United States. The term Organizationfor
Economic Cooperation and Development in-
cludes Greece, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, and all
the developed countries, except Liechtenstein,
Malta, Israel, and the Republic of South Africa.
Except for economic and military aid data, the
term less developed countries includes the fol-
lowing (1) all independent countries of Africa
except the Republic of South Africa; (2) all
independent countries of East Asia except Japan
but including Taiwan; (3) all independent coun-
tries in Latin America except Cuba; and (4) all
independent countries in the Middle East and
South Asia, except Israel and Turkey. Except for
Cyprus no country in either eastern or western
Europe is in the LDC grouping. Except for Hong
Kong, no territory that is a possession, trust, or
protectorate is included in the LDC grouping.
The definition of less developed countries for
economic and military aid conforms to that used
by the Development Assistance Committee and
other aid agencies and includes the following
non-Communist countries (1) all independent
countries of Africa except the Republic of South
Africa, (2) all independent countries of East Asia
except Hong Kong and Japan, (3) Malta, Portu-
gal, and Spain in Europe, (4) all independent
countries in Latin America, except Cuba, and
(5) all countries in the Middle East and South
Asia.
Totals for the country groupings may or may not
include all of the countries listed above, depend-
ing on the commodity or services listed.
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F`~ ~ y~ ~.
Graphic Summary Figure 1. ~!(YtWorld Gross National Product -
Figure 2.~~Big Seven: Real Gross National Product '
Figure 3. Real Gross National Product Trends
Figure 4. Y~Percent Change in the Value of the US Dollar
Figure 5~~ Current Account Balances
Figure 6.'~~'1 OPEC Current Account Balances
Figure 7.~OECD: Industrial Production Growth Trends
Fianre R_ Minerals Imvorts as a Share of Consumption
Economic Profile Table 1.
Developed Countries ~ Communist Countries - u ~S ~ - C~ t!(D~ - C',~e~ ` ~GeJ,~
Orgginization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Table 3. Less Developed Countries
Table 4. Selected World Statistics
Table 5. Indicators of Living Standards for the US and USSR
Table 6. Commodity Production of the US and USSR
Aggregative Trends Table 7-9. Gross National Product
Table 10. Real Gross National Product Growth
Table 11. Gross National Product Price Deflators
Table 12. Real Gross National Product Per Capita Growth
Page
1
Table 15. Economic Indicators for Selected Non-OPEC Less Developed Countries 32
Table 14. Economic Indicators Growth
Table 16. Current Account Balance
Table 17. International Reserves
Table 18-19. Industrial Production
~'Fatrte~20-"~.--Big-Seven:~k'-ia~l;.-P~c~da~by~Mvrtttr-~
37
Table 21. Agricultural Production
Table 22. Defense Expenditures as a Share of Gross National Product
Table 23. Metal Prices
Table 24. Agricultural Prices
Table 25. OPEC Countries: Crude Oil Prices
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n':~ea~-Pri~FrTflatibn; ~y ~ oM-`n~-
Table 30. Population
Table 34. Industrial Employment
Table 35. Big Seven: Unemployment Rates
Table 36. Big Seven: Unemployment Rates, by Month
Table 37. Foreign Trade Exchange Rates of the Communist Countries
Soviet Economic TTable ~3~ Grohs National Prodnc~
Performance Table Gross Fixed Capital Investment
Table 28. Wholesale Price Index in Non-Communist Countries
=' 44
Table 41. Aggregate Factor Productivity
Table 40. Stock of Fixed Capital
Table 42. Industrial Factor Productivity
Table 43. Industrial Production, by Branch of Industry
Table 44. Hard Currency Balance of Payments
62
63
Table 45. Estimated Drawings and Scheduled Repayments on Western Credits 68
Table 46. Gold Production and Reserves 69
1~t3Y)ttr-'f~0-
-~`vr~vittc~^-D~~
71
Forei n Trade
g
~~~: --~----
-S~lected~Cquniries: Trade With the World;-by`Commodity= -`~"z
74
Table 50-52. Trade of Non-Communist Countries
77-82
Table 53.
Big Seven: Direction of Trade
83
Table 54.
Big Seven: Foreign Trade, by Month
85
Table 55.
Big Seven: Exports, by Commodity
89
Table 56.
Big Seven: Imports, by Commodity
91
Table 57.
Big Seven: Trade Balance, by Commodity
93
Table 58.
Selected Non-OPEC LDCs: Indexes of Export Prices, Import Prices, and Terms of
Trade
95
Table 59.
Oil Import Bill
98
Table 60-62.
Soviet Foreign Trade
99-101
Table 63-65.
Chinese Foreign Trade
102-104
Table 66-68.
East European Foreign Trade
1(15_ l n7
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Aid
Table 69.
Net Financial Flows
110
Table 70-71.
Gross Official Bilaterial Capital Flows
110-111
Table 72.
US Economic Loans and Grants Extended
112
Table 73.
US Military Deliveries
114
Table 74.
Communist Economic Aid
116
Table 75.
Communist Military Agreements Concluded and Deliveries
117
Table 76.
Communist Economic Aid Extended
118
Table 77.
Soviet Economic Aid Extended to the Communist Countries
120
Table 78.
Arms Exports
121
Table 79.
Trainees Departing From the Less Developed Countries for Training in Communist
Countries
122
Table 80.
Military Trainees Departing From the Less Developed Countries for Training in
Communist Countries
123
Table 81.
Communist Economic Technicians in the Less Developed Countries
125
Energy
Table 82.
Primary Energy Production
128
Table 83.
Primary Energy Consumption
129
Table 84.
Primary Energy, by Type
130
Table 85.
Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal
131
Table 86.
Crude Oil Refining Capacity
133
Table 87.
Crude Oil Production
135
Table 88.
Crude Oil Consumption
137
Table 89.
Major Exporters of Oil
137
Table 90.
Major Importers of Oil
138
Table 91.
Imports of Oil by the OECD Countries
139
Table 92.
Petroleum Products Production
140
Table 93.
Natural Gas Production
141
Table 94.
Hard Coal Production
142
Table 95.
Brown Coal and Lignite Production
143
Table 96.
Electricity Production
144
Table 97.
Electricity Generating Capacity
146
Table 98.
Nuclear Electric Power Generating Capacity
147
Minerals and Metals
Table 99.
Iron Ore Production
150
Table 100.
Manganese Ore Production
151
Table 101.
Tungsten Ore Production
152
Table 102.
Chromite Production
153
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Table 103.
Bauxite Production
154
Table 104.
Metallurgical Coke Production
155
Table 105.
Pig Iron Production
156
Table 106.
Crude Steel Production
157
Table 107.
Rolled Steel Production
158
Table 108.
Refined Nickel Production
159
Table 109.
Refined 'Copper Production
160
Table 110.
Primary Aluminum Production
161
Table 111.
Smelter Production of Lead
162
Table. 112.
Molybdenum Production
163
Table 113.
Refined Zinc Production
164
Table 114.
Titanium Sponge Metal Production
165
Table 115.
Cobalt Production
165
Table 116.
Smelter Production of Primary Tin Metal
166
Table 117.
Primary Magnesium Production
167
Table 118.
Gold Production
167
Table 119.
Platinum-Group Metals Production
168
Chemicals and Rubber
Table 120.
Caustic Soda Production
170
Table 121.
Synthetic Ammonia Production
171
Table 122.
Sulfuric Acid Production
172
Table 123.
Mineral Fertilizer Production
173
Table 124.
Nitrogen Fertilizer Production
174
Table 125.
Phosphate Fertilizer Production
175
Table 126.
Potassium Fertilizer Production
176
Table 127.
Plastics Production
177
Table 128.
Synthetic Rubber Production
178
Table 129.
Natural Rubber Production
179
Manufacturing Goods
Table 130.
Woven Cotton Fabrics Production
182
and Forestry
Table 131.
Woven Woolen Fabrics Production
184
Table 132.
Woven Rayon and Acetate Fabrics Production
l86
Table 133.
Synthetic Fibers Production
188
Table 134.
Computers and Peripheral Equipment Production
189
Table 135.
Electric Generator Production
190
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Table 137.
Metalforming Machine Tool Production
191
Table 138.
Metalcutting Machine Tool Production
192
Table 139.
Grain Combine Production
193
Table 140.
Tractor Production
194
Table 141.
Passenger Automobile Production
195
Table 142.
Truck and Bus Production
196
Table 143.
Railroad Freight Car Production
197
Table 144.
Television Receiver Production
198
Table 145.
Radio Receiver Production
199
Table 146.
Housing Construction
200
Table 147.
Rubber Tire Production "~
201
Table 148.
Cement Production
202
Table 149.
Lumber Production
203
Table 150.
Newsprint Production
204
Table 151.
Plywood Production
205
Table 152.
Total Grain Production
208
Table 153.
Wheat Production
210
Table 154.
Coarse Grains Production
211
Table 155.
Rice Production
212
Table 156.
Potato Production
213
Table 157.
Sugar Production
214
Table 158.
Fish Catch
215
Table 159.
Cattle Numbers
216
Table 160.
Hog Numbers
217
Table 161.
Meat Production
218
Table 162.
Milk Production
219
Table 163.
Wool Production
220
Table 164.
Ginned Cotton Production
222
Table 165.
Mineral Fertilizer Consumption
223
Table 166.
Nitrogen Fertilizer Consumption
225
Table 167.
Phosphate Fertilizer Consumption
226
Table 168.
Potassium Fertilizer Consumption
228
Table 169-170. Railroad Freight
230-231
Table 171-172. Motor Vehicle Freight
232-233
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Table 173-174.
Inland Water Freight
234-235
Table 175.
Ocean Freight -
236
Table 176.
Air Passengers
236
Table 177.
Air Freight
237
Table 178.
Civil Aircraft Inventory
238
Table 179-180.
Petroleum Pipelines
238-239
Table 181.
Mainline Locomotive Inventory
240
Table 182.
Railroad Freight Car Inventory
241
Table 187.
Offloading Ports Accessible to Fully Loaded Tankers
of 200,000 Deadweight Tons and Larger
248
Table 188.
Telephones in Use
252
se-.
253
_
Ta-ble 1-90 -~
=I'elevision Iteceivers_..i~. Public _c_Use
254
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Gross National Product Per Capita, 1978 (in 1978 US $)
More than $7,000
Australia
Iceland
Oatar
Austria
Japan
Saudi Arabia
Belgium
Kuwait
Sweden
Bermuda
Liechtenstein
Switzerland
Canada
Luxembourg
United Arab Emirates
Denmark
Nauru
United States
France
Netherlands
West Germany
Greenland
Norway
/United Kingdom
$5,001 to $7,000
Bahrain
Finland
Libya
Monaco
New Zealand
$3,001 to $5,000
Bahamas
Brunei
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Faroe Islands
~~Gabon
Gr ee ce
Hong Kong-~~,~
Ireland?
Israel
Italy San Marino
Martinique Singapore
Oman Spain
Poland USSR
Roman-Venezuela
$1,001 to $ 3,000
Algeria
Andorra
Argentina
Barbados
Brazil
Bulgaria
Costa Rica
Cyprus
Falkland Islands
Fiji
French Polynesia
Guadeloupe
Hungary
Iran
Iraq
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Lebanon
Malaysia
Malta
Mexico
Namibia
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
Nicaragua
Panama
Portugal
Puerto Rico
South Africa
South Korea
Suriname.
Taiwan
Trinidad and Tobago
Turkey
Uruguay
Yugoslavia
$801 to $1,000
Chile Mauritius
Cuba Peru
Dominican Syria
Republic Tunisia
Ecuador
French Guiana
Guatemala
$601 to $800
Antigua yordan
Belize Mongolia
Bolivia Morocco
Colombia Paraguay
EI Salvador Seychelles
Gilbert Islands Swaziland
Gibraltar
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$401 to $600
Albania
Ghana
North Yemen
Tonga
Botswana
Grenada
Peoples Republic
Western Samoa
Cameroon
Guyana
of China
Zambia
Congo
Honduras
Philippines
Zimbabwe-Rhodesia
Cook Islands
Liberia
St. Lucia
Dominica
Nigeria
Senegal
Egypt
North Korea
Thailand
$201 to $400
Angola
Benin
Central African
Empire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Guinea
Haiti
Indonesia
ILLEGIB~
Kenya
Lesotho
Macao
Madagascar
Mauritania
Pakistan
Papua-New
Guinea
St. Christopher-
Nevis-Anguilla
St. Vincent
Sao Tome/Principe
Sierra Leone
South Yemen
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Less than $201
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Burma
Burundi
Cape Verde Islands
Chad
Ethiopia
Gambia
Guinea-Bissau
India
Kampuchea
Laos
Malawi
Maldives
Mali
Mozambique
Nepal
Niger
Rwanda
Somalia
Upper Volta
Vietnam
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World Gross National Product, 1978
Total: 9,660 Billion 1978 US S
China 4.6%
USSR
13.0%
United Developed Countries 61.7%
States
21.8%
Japan
10.0%
Less Developed Other
Countries 15.1 % LDCs A.. ~.,
13.6% ~~
West
u.~~~i 1 ~% ~~~~,~:~ ,.~ Germany/
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Big Seven: Real Gross National Product
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5.2 4.3 3.6 3.0 4.4 4.7 3.2 2.6 1.9 ~ 3 2.6 2.8
Developed
Non-Communist
Countries
Less Developed
Non-Communist
Countries
Communist
Countries
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Percent Change in the Value of the US Dollars
Trade-weighted Average of the Dollarl
Relative to the French Franc
-30
I ~ ~~ I ~ .. ..I...
VJ 1975 76 77 78 79
1. Change relative to selected foreign currencies compared with March 1973.
2. Relative to 16 major currencies, weighted by 1976 trade in manufactures.
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Current Account Balances'
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OPEC Countries: Estimated Current Account Balances
27.5 Algeria Venezuela Nigeria
Indonesia
-o~
Ecuador
-0.7 -0.5
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Big Seven: Industrial Production Growth
Percent Change
Three month moving average, at an
annual rate, seasonally adjusted.
West Germany
ti 1V`
/
~ r~
l6
I U
I 1
1
I I
-
1111 II
1
I
I
1 I
J
I
I u
I
~ 1
(~ 1
1 I7
1
f
11
II (
~ 10
l I
II
I
A
II /
/ If
'11
II A
~
I 1
U
1 1
I,
Il 1
l
/n`I
w,/
I
II
u ~~
,.
^
]
J
~
1
u
u
1
II
I
L,1
o a
1
1A
1
`.
'n
'7 I I
10
-~~ [.
~
is
1
U
~
7 vi
Il
w
~\
//
1
/
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Minerals: Imports as a Share of Consumption, 1-978
0
0
0
United
States
European
Community
0
USSR and
Eastern
Europe
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Economic Profile: Developed Countries
and Communist Countries, 1978
\
United
States
Canada
Japan
European
Community
France
Italy
United
Kingdom
West
Germany
USSR
Eastern .
Europe
- ~
China
Aggregative data ~~ ~~
Population
Million persons at midyear \
218.5
23.5
114.9
259.7
53.3
56.7
55.9
61.3 '
261.2
108.3
1,002.4
Percent change from 1977 ~`
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.2
0.4
0.5
Negl.
- 0.2
0.9
0.4
1.5
Gross national product
Billion 1978 US $:
2,107.6
203.5
968.8
1,950
470.2
235.2
309.6
640.2'
1,253.6'
384
444.2
Percent real growth in 1978
4.0
3.5
5.8
2.9
3.0
2.0
3.0
3.4 '
3.1 '
3.2
11.7
Per capita (1978 US $)
9,650
8,660
8,430
7,510
8,820
4,150
5,540
10,440'
4,800
3,550
440
_.[ndustraa~l-production (l~'iG+.i~69~ ~ ~ -
135
139
135
N.A.
125
123
114
119
149
149
206
Industry
Primary energy (million b/d of oil equivalents)
30.0
4.8
0.9
9.2
1.0
0.6
3.6
2.4
25.4
6.3
9.1
Electric power (billion kilowatt-hours)
2,436
341
568
1,180
224
174
288
353
1,202
402
257
Crude steel (million metric tons)
124.0
14.9
102.1,
132
22.8
24.3
20.3
41.2
151.4
59.7
31.8
Cement (million metric tons)
80.8
10.4
84.9
132
28.0
38.8
15.9
33.6 '
127.0
68.4
65.2
Trade and international reserves
Exports' (billion US $)
143.6'
47.9
98.4
462.2
79.4
56.1
71.7
142.5
52.4
64.2
9.9
Imports b (billon US $)
183.1
46.2
79.9
462.8
81.8
56.5
78.6
121.8
50.8
71.0
10.8
Trade balance (billion US $)
-39.6
1.8
18.5
-0.6
-2.4
-0.4
-6.9
20.7
1.6
-6.8
-1.0
International reserves (billion US $)
19.6
4.6
33.5
119
13.9
14.8
17.1
53.9
15.4
100.5'
N.A.
Indicators of living standards
Grain production (kilograms per capita)
1,220
1,680
140
440
820
300
310
380'
910
750 ?
300
Meat production (kilograms per capita)
113
97
21
73
82
54
49
72'
S8
54'
N.A.
Television receivers in use (units per thousand persons)
632'
422'
N.A.
286'
280'
230'
326'
316 "
229'
220'
N.A.
Radio receivers in use (units per thousand persons)
2,032'
1,059'
N.A.
N.A.
359'
237'
N.A.
350 "
242'
223'
61 '
Consumer price index (1970=100)
168
180
211
N.A.
199
265
270
150
114
N.A.
N.A.
Telephones in use (units per thousand persons)
742'?
617'?
441 "
353'?
32910
284'?
415 "
374'?
80
109'
N.A.
' Including data for West Berlin. 'Data are at factor costs. 'Excluding rice for Bulgaria, Hungary,
' Data for the non-Communist countries were converted from 'Data are f.o.b. and Romania.
national currencies at average 1978 Par Rate/Market Rate factors. 'Excluding Department of Defense shipments. 'Data are for 1975.
Data for the Communist countries were converted at US purchas- b Data are c.i.f. 10 Data are as of the beginning of the year.
ing power equivalents. 'Data are for 1977. "Data are as of 31 March.
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Economic Profile: Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries, 1978
United
Saudi Arab
Algeria Ecuador Cabon Indonesia Iran Iraq Kuwait Libya Nigeria Qatar Arabia Emirates Venezuela
Million persons at midyear
17.6
7.5
0.6
145.1
35.3
12.5
1.2
2.8
72.2
0.2
6.3
0.7
14.1
Percent increase from 1977
3.4
3.0
1.7
2.0
3.0
3.4
5.9
4.1
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.7
3.3
Gross national product
Billion 1978 US $
21.8
7.0
2.6
47.6
88.0
21.4
15.0
18.0
35.0
4.8
65.0
13.5
40.0
Percent real growth in 1978
8.0
6.4
-1.0
7.0
0.2
6.5
6.0
N.A.
5.5
8.0
2.5
-4.5
5.5
Per capita
(1978 US $)
1,240
930
4,330
330
2,490
1,710
12,500
6,430
480
24,000
10,320
19,290
2
840
Industry
,
Crude oil
(thousand b/d)
1,100
205
210
1,635
5,200
2,515
2,095
1,975
1,910
480
8,295
1,830
2
165
Trade and international reserves
,
Exports 2
(million US $)
5,855
1,567
1,100
11,643
22,722
11,009
10,543
9,503
10,399
2,600
37,935
9,022
9
126
Government oil revenues
(million US $)
4,800
213
620
4,980
18,733
10,270
8,800
N.A.
8,500
2,100
34,500
7,990
,
5
800
Oil exports
(thousand b/d)
980
190
190
1,400
4,500
2,250
2,010
1,950
1,850
480
8,100
1,830
,
1,930
[ mports '
(million US $)
7,867
1,583
600
6,690
18,733
4,052'
4,613
5,886
11,874
1,207
24,148
4,900
9
957
United States
(million US $)
400
497
105
841
3,684
317
745
425
1,080
121
4,370
500
,
3
727
European Community
(million US $)
4,074'
N.A.
515'
1,327
7,662
2,817
1,364'
2,825'
5,124'
525
5,008 `
1,707'
,
2
366
Japan
(million US $)
469'
173
17
2,408
2,480
1,269
935'
277'
1,040
239
2,342'
846'
,
789
International reserves
(million US $)
2,233
688
23
2,636
12,152
6,996'
2 616
4,216
1,916
206
19,406
838
6,Si7
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'Economic Profile: Selected Less Developed Countries, 1978
Asia Latin America Middle East and South Asis
Ivory Hong Malay- Philip- South Argen- Colom-
Coast Kenya Morocco Zaire Kong sia pines Korea Taiwan tina Brazil Chile bia Mexico Peru Egypt India Pakistan Syria
Aggregative data
Population
Million persons
at midyear 7.3
14.8
18.9
27.1
4.6
12.9
45.9
38.9
17.0
26.5
121.0
10.7
25.6
64.3
16.8
39.9
656.4
77.8 8.1
Percent increase
from 1977 2.7
3.5
3.0
2.9
1.6
2.7
2.2
1.7
1.1
1.3
2.8
1.5
2.8
3.0
1.2
2.8
2.1
3.0 3.3
Gross national product
Billion 1978 US $ 7.3
4.7
9.9
7.6
11.8'
15.7
23.2
46.0
24.0
51.0
148.9
10.9
18.5
92.4 ~
10.3
11.7
101.2'
18.2 5.7
Percent real growth
in 1978 3.0
4.5
4.0
1.5
15.0'
7.2
5.3
12.5
12.8
-4.1
6.3
6.0
5.0
6.6
-1.8
8.0
3.9
6.ON.A.
Per capita
000
(1978 US $) 1
320
520
280
2,620'
1,220
510
1,180
1,410
1,920
1,230
1,020
720
1,440
610
290
150
230 700
,
Electric power
production (billion
kilowatt-hours) 1.4
1.3 '
3.3 '
S.1 '
9.1
7.4
15.0
31.5
33.6
29.0
88.2
10.5
18.8
54.8
8.5
13.5
92.2'
13.5
1.7 '
riculture
A
g
Grain production
(million metric
tons) 0.8
2.3
5.3
0.7
Negl.
1.3
10.1
9.2
3.6
23.2
30.4
1.5
3.2
16.5
1.3
7.4
130.0
13.7
2.3
Trade and international
Exports'
157'
(million US $) 2
1,212'
1,550
988'
11,208
7,414
3,333
12,711
12,682
5,652'
12,650
2,408
2,956
5,692
1,564'
1,737
6,415
1,488
1,025
,
Imports b
(million US $) 1,756'
1,285'
3,100
609'
13,109
5,918
5,167
14,972
11,051
4,162'
15,006
3,002
2,928
7,108
1,911'
6,727
7,404
3,323
2,564
International reserves
(million US $) 449
356
649
140
N.A.
3,330
1,832
2,776
1,515
5,160
11,898
1,153
2,456
1,928
558
604
6,808
486
469
' Data are for 1977.
Data are for gross domestic product.
Data are for the fiscal year beginning 1 April 1978.
`Data are for the fiscal year beginning April 1977 and include
data for public utilities only.
' Data are f.o.b.
Data are c.i.f.
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Gross National Product
(Billion 1978 US $)
4,230
5,460
7,000
8,220
8,430
8,510
8,910
9,260
9,660
Population
(Million persons, midyear)
2,986
3,288
3,610
3,818
3,890
3,967
4,044
4,124
4,208
Exports
(Billion US $)
129.8
189.9
313.1
576.0
840.2
874.2
991.6
1,126.8
1,304.9
Crude oil
(Million b/d)
21.0
30.3
45.7
55.7
55.9
53.0
57.3
59.7
59.9
Natural gas
(Trillion cubic feet)
N.A.
24.5
38.1
46.1
47.2
47.5
49.5
50.4
50.4
Hard coal
(Million metric tons)
1,985:
2,034'
2,068 z
2,172
2,202
2,369
2,417
2,512
2,612
Brown coal and lignite
(Million metric tons)
640
742
793
824
843
863
893
910
926
Electric power
(Billion kilowatt hours)
2,348
3,412
5,019
6,124
6,309
6,521
6,979
7,513
7,543
Iron ore
(Million metric tons)
522
621
769
846
895
892
895
858
874
Bauxite
(Million metric tons)
27.6
37.4
57.8
70.4
78.0
75.1
77.6
82.4
84.0
Pig iron
(Million metric tons)
259
335
431
481
514
468
487
483
486
Crude steel
(Million metric tons)
346
459
594
698
708
651
683
674
697
Refined copper
(Thousand metric tons)
N.A.
6,157
7,543
8,522
8,904
8,399
8,849
9,113
9,146
Refined nickel
(Thousand metric tons)
N.A.
417
592
654
717
710
783
744
592
Primary aluminum
(Million metric tons)
4.5
6.3
9.7
12.1
13.2
12.0
12.5
13.7
13.9
Smelter lead
(Thousand metric tons)
2,313
2,641
3,292
3,482
3,500
3,369
3,313
3,410
3.506
Refined zinc
(Thousand metric tons)
3,025
3,949
4,827
5,331
5,463
4,988
5,299
5,452
6,018
Primary tin metal
(Thousand metric tons)
192
200
227
234
228
230
232
231
235
Mineral fertilizer'
(Million metric tons, nutrient content)
N.A.
'42.8
66.3
81.8
87.5
93.3
93.4
99.6
105.4
Nitrogen fertilizer'
(Million metric tons of N)
N.A.
16.8
30.2
37.8
40.4
42.5
43.8
46.2
49.6
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Table 4 (continued)
Phosphate fertilizer'
(Million metric tons of P,O,)
N.A.
13.8
19.2
23.8
24.9
27.1
26 1
28 2
30 0
Potassium fertilizer'
(Million metric tons of K,O)
N.A.
12.1
16.9
20.2
22.2
23.7
23.5
25 3
25 8
Synthetic fibers
(Thousand metric tons)
700
2,050
4,870
7,820
7,680
7,460
8,650
9,700
9,990
Automobiles
(Thousand units)
12,800
19,100
22,500
29,800
25,800
25,200
29,600
31,600
32,400
Trucks and buses
(Thousand units)
3,690
5,220
6,780
9,500
9,290
8,330
10,150
11,330
12,100
Television receivers
(Million units)
19.8
29.9
45.4
53.6
51.8
51.6
66.0
67.9
69.8
Radio receivers
(Million units)
51.8
75.7
85.7
82.7
73.2
65.6
83.0
94 9
86 9
Grain
(Million metric tons)
929
1,010
1,220
1,400
1,360
1,390
1,490
1,470
1,570
Wheat
(Million metric tons)
240
262
319
377
360
355
418
382
425
Coarse grain
(Million metric tons)
414
441
540
628
607
605
663
668
704
Rice
(Million metric tons)
162
166
203
341
206
231
346
370
378
Potatoes
(Million metric tons)
285
285
312
317
295
286
291
293
303
Sugar
(Million metric tons)
61.4
67.2
76.7
80.7
81.0
85.1
88.8
96.4
102.0
Fish catch
(Million metric tons)
40.2
53.2
70.7
67.7
71.3
71.0
74.7
73.5
N.A.
Cattle
(Million head)
901
1,070
1,100
1,150
1,180
1,200
1,210
1,210
1,230
Hogs
(Million head)
519
575
594
652
661
651
638
666
669
Meat
(Million metric tons)
65.4
73.3
102.0
109.0
115.0
117.0
120.0
123.0
124.0
Milk
(Million metric tons)
315
342
362
380
387
390
397
409
414
Wool
(Thousand metric tons)
2,450
2,540
2,840
2,570
2,530
2,650
2,610
2,590
2,580
Ginned cotton
(Million metric tons)
10.4
12.2
11.8
13.7
14.0
11.7
12.4
13.8
12.9.
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Railroad freight
(Million ton-kilometers)
3,338
4,195
5,020
5,764
5,982
5,992
6,081
6,209
N.A.
Fishing Fleet inventory
(Number)
N.A.
N.A.
12,889
17,054
17,955
18,940
19,651
19,940?
19,969
Fishing fleet inventory
(Thousand GRT)
N.A.
N.A.
7,804
10,275
10,683
11,339
11,849
12,162
12,198 ~
Merchant Fleet inventory
(Number)
17,229
17,825
19,503
21,600
21,755
22,353
22,884
24,102
24,030
Merchant fleet inventory
(Million DWT)
171.6
214.1
325.1
446.4
502.7
556.4
596.9
628.7
633.2
Tanker fleet inventory
(Number)
3,371
3,533
4,119
4,813
4,988
5,177
4,311
5,501
5,363
Tanker fleet inventory
(Million DWT)
63.7
89.6
152.4
220.5
261.4
301.7
319.6
389.3
381.5
' For more detailed descriptions and definitions, refer to the
respective table. Unless otherwise indicated data include China.
z Including brown coal at its hard coal equivalent.
' Fertilizer year ending 30 June of the stated year.
~?gA4o~
/ a~ ~ ?O
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Grain production'
(kilograms per capita)
Meat production
(kilograms per capita)
United States'
71
74
110
l05
112
108
117
116
113
USSR ?
41
43
51
54
58
59
53
57
58
Housing construction
(square meters per capita)
United States
0.80
0.82
0.74
1.14
0.93
0.76
0.82
0.99
1.07
USSR
0.51
0.42
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.43
0.41
0.42
0.42
Passenger automobile production
(units per hundred persons)
Television receivers in use ?
(units per hundred persons)
Radio receivers in use?
(units per hundred persons)
Washing machine production
(units per thousand persons)
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Washing machines in use ?
(units per thousand persons)
United States ?
158
170
194
224
229 2
38
248
263
263
USSR
13
59
141
173
181 1
89
195
200
203
Refrigerator production
(units per thousand persons)
United States'
19
25
26
32
28
21
22
26
27
USSR
2
7
17
22
22
22
23
22
23
Refrigerators in use ?
(units per thousand persons)
United States'
281
295
336
330
334 3
40
344
350
353
USSR
10
29
89
142
161 1
78
194
210
226
' The data do not necessarily represent food available for con-
sumption, because imports of foreign grain and exports of domesti-
cally produced grain are not included.
' Excluding corn silage and forage but including sorghum for
grain.
' Including miscellaneous grains and pulses. Measured in bunker
weight, that is gross output from the combine, which includes
excess moisture, unripe and damaged kernels, weed seeds, and other
trash. For comparison with US or other country grain output, an
average discount of 11 percent should be applied.
`Data are on a carcass weight, bone-in basis.
' Including poultry and excluding slaughter fats, rabbit, and
variety meats.
b Including horsemeat, rabbit, poultry, game, edible offal, and
lard.
' Data are for factory sales and include complete units exported
for assembly.
? As of the end of the year.
' Data are understated because they are based on the number of
households with one or more units; thus, a household with more
than one is counted as having only one.
ILLEGIB
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Commodity Production of the US and the USSR
Primary energy (million b/d of oil equivalent)
US
21.1
24.9
30.8
30.9
30.1
29.8
29.7
29.3
30.0
USSR
9.3
13.2
17.0
19.6
20.7
21.9
23.2
24.3
25.4
Crude oil (thousand b/d)
US
7,055
7,804
9,648
9,210
8,770
8,375
8,130
8,180
8,700
USSR
2,943
4,835
6,976
8,420
9,020
9,630
10,170
10,700
11,210
Natural gas (trillion cubic feet)
US
12.7
16.0
21.9
22.6
21.6
20.1
20.0
19.9
19.5
USSR
1.6
4.5
7.0
8.3
9.2
10.2
11.3
12.2
13.1
Hard coal (million metric tons)
US
391.5
475.3
550.4
530.1
539.3
576.2
598.1
604.7
566.6
USSR
355.9
397.6
432.7
461.2
473.4
485.0
494.0
503.0
500.0
Brown coal and lignite (million metric tons)
US
2.5
4.6
7.2
12.9
14.1
17.7
22.9
28.1
32.3
USSR
l 34.2
147.4
144.7
153.5
157.2
160.0
160.0
160.0
163.0
Electricity (billion kilowatt-hours)
US
893.7
1,229.6
1,742.7
2,081.2
2,086.3
2,131.0
2,169.7
2,361.7
2,436.6
USSR
292.3
506.7
740.9
914.6
975.8
1,038.6
1,111.4
1,IS0.1
1,202.0
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USSR
300
385
470
510
530
540
560
560
565
Refined zinc (thousand metric tons)
US
788
978
866
604
575
450
515
454
454
USSR
360
475
690
780
790
820
840
840
850
Gold (million troy ounces)
US
1.7
l.7
1.7
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.0
USSR
3.5
5.0
6.5
7.7
8.0
8.2
8.4
8.7
8.8
Synthetic ammonia (million metric tons of N)
US
3.6
6.6
10.3
11.3
11.8
12.2
12.3
13.0
12.6
USSR
1.1
3.1
6.3
8.4
9.1
9.9
10.1
10.7
11.3
Mineral fertilizer (million metric nutrient content
tons)
US
7.4
11.9
15.8
17.8
17.1
17.9
18.5
19.4
N.A.
USSR
3.3
7.4
13.1
17.4
19.4
22.0
22.6
23.5
23.6
Nitrogen fertilizer (million metric tons of N)
US
2.7
5.1
8.2
9.2
8.5
9.3
9.6
10.0
N.A.
USSR
1.0
2.7
5.4
7.2
7.9
8.5
8.6
9.1
9.2
Plastics (million metric tons)
US
2.8
5.3
8.7
12.5
12.5
9.6
12.5
14.9
16.3
USSR
0.3
0.8
1.7
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.5
Synthetic rubber (million metric tons)
US
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.6
2.4
2.0
2.4
2.5
2.5
USSR
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.8
Woven cotton fabrics
US (billion linear meters)
8.6
8.4
5.7
5.0
4.6
4.0
4.1
3.9
3.6
USSR (billion square meters)
4.8
5.5
6.2
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.8
6.8
7.0
Woven woolen fabrics
US (million linear meters)
262
244
163
97
73
71
87
94
107
USSR (million square meters)
439
466
643
703
724
740
764
773 -
781
Turbine production (million kW)
US
12.9
15.5
27.6
34.8
38.3
30.5
35.3
30.2
27.9
USSR
9.2
14.6
16.2
15.1
17.3
18.9
19.6
18.9
19.5
Grain combines (thousands)
US
30.2
37.6
21.0
25.2
28.6
31.3
31.7
31.9
31.8
USSR
59.0
85.8
99.2
84.8
88.4
97.5
101.7
105.5
113.0
Tractors (thousands)
US
178.5
271.8
191.7
236.9
233.8
232.0
213.2
226.9
197.3
USSR
238.5
354.5
458.5
499.6
531.1
550.4
562.2
569.1
576.0
Automobiles (millions)
US
6.7
9.3
6.5
9.7
7.3
6.7
8.5
9.2
9.2
USSR
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3 ~
1.3
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Table 6 (continued)
US
1.2
1.8
1.7
3.0
2.7
2.3
3.0
3.4
3.7
USSR
0.5
0.4
.0.6
0.7
0.7
.0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
Cement (million metric tons)
US
56.1
65.1
67.4
77.6
73.4
61.8
66.2
71.3
80.8
USSR
45.5
72.4
95.2
109.5
115.1
122.1
124.2
127 1
127 0
Lumber (million cubic meters)
US
77.7
84.2
81.5
91.2
82.6
75.7
86.1
89.4
N.A.
USSR
105.6
111.0
116.4
116.2
114.7
116.2
112.6
109.5
N.A.
Grain (million metric tons)
US
181.3
183.5
186.7
237.6
204.5
248.7
257.4
262.3
267.3
USSR
125.6
121.1
186.8
222.5
195.7
140.1
223.8
195.7
237.2
Wheat (million metric tons)
US
36.9
35.8
36.8
46.6
48.5
57.8
58.3
55.4
49.0
USSR
64.3
59.7
99.7
109.8
83.9
66.2
96.9
92.2
120.8
Coarse grain (million metric tons)
US
141.9
144.2
146.1
186.8
150.9
185.1
193.9
202 4
212 1
USSR
61.1
60.8
85.8
111.0
109.9
71.9
124.9
101.3
114.3
Potatoes (million metric tons)
US
11.7
13.1
14.8
13.6
15.5
14.5
16.2
16.1
16.4
USSR
84.4
88.7
96.8
108.2
81.0
88.7
85.1
83.6
85.9
Sugar (million metric tons)
US
3.6
4.9
5.3
5.5
5.1
5.7
6.2
5.5
5.6
USSR
6.9
12.0
11.1
11.6
10.3
11.3
10.1
13.1
13.3
Meat (million metric tons)
US
12.8
14.3
22.5
22.1
23.6
23.0
25.1
25.2
24.6
USSR
8.7
10.0
12.3
13.5
14.6
15.0
13.6
14.7
15.2
Milk (million metric tons)
US
53.7
56.3
53.3
52.4
52.4
52.3
54.6
55.8
55.2
USSR
61.7
72.6
83.0
88.3
91.8
90.8
89.7
94.7
94.5
Wool (thousand metric tons)
US
146
109
85
71
64
59
53
50
50
USSR
357
357
419
433
462
467
436
458
462
Ginned cotton (thousand metric tons)
US
3,107
3,260
2,219
2,825
2,513
1,808
2,303
3,133
2,328
USSR
1,458
1,925
2,343
2,606
2,859
2,674
2,815
2,978
2,890
' For more detailed definitions, exceptions, and methodology
refer to the commodity tables.
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Aggregative Trends
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Estimated Gross National Product at Market Prices '
~~.
World
4,230
5460
7,000
8,220
8,430
8,510
8,910
9,260
9,660
Developed Countries
2,750
3,550
4,520
5,280
5,300
5,270
5,540
5,740
5,960
United States
1,120.7
1,408.3
1,635.5
1,878.4
1,852.3
1,828.7
1,932.4
2,027.1
2,107.6
Australia
t~,
48.1
61.4
81.8
94.7
97.0
98.8
102.6
104.8
107.4
Canada
\ ~
85.4
113.3
142.0
172.8
178.8
181.0
191.5
196.6
203.5
Japan
~ 1
222.5
357.7
631.3
809.9
801.9
821.2
870.4
915.7
968.8
Spain
~
48.7
74.0
100.6
124.0
130.6
131.5
134.2
137.5
141.6
Sweden
48.8
62.3
75.8
81.0
84.2
85.0
86.3
84.2
86.1
Switzerland
53.3
69.0
82.8
91.7
93.0
86.7
85.5
87.8
88.7
European Community
973
1,230
1,550
1,770
1,800
1,770
1,860
1,900
1,950
Belgium
J ~
46.2
59.4
74.5
87.4
91.5
89.7
94.8
95.9
98.1
France
~
197.9
262.9
348.1
409.5
420.1
419.7
443.2
456.5
470.2
Italy ?
110.2
142.5
191.0
213.9
222.2
214.7
226.7
230.6
235.2
Netherlands
61.3
78.3
101.1
116.2
121.1
119.6
125.1
128.0
130.6
United Kingdom
199.7
234.5
262.7
294.8
293.0
288.4
295.9
300.6
309.6
West C?lermany :
322.1
413.6
519.7
583.4
586.4
571.5
603.5
619.2
640.2
Less Developed Countries
527
704
912
1,100
1,210
1,250
1,320
1,380
1,460
Brazil ~ ~
33.9
50.7
73.4
105.9
116.2
122.8
133.9
140.1
148.9
India . -.~'
57.0
65.8
83.2
87.6
87.6
90.8
92.3
97.8
105.1
Communist'Countries
956
1,210
1,570
1,840
1,920
1,990
2,050
2,140
2,240
USSR and Eastern Europe 737
937
1,200
1,370
1,430
1,470
1,530
1,580
1,640
USSR' 548.4
710.6
923.0
1,056.2
1,100.0
1,127.3
1,169.5
1,205.7
1,253.6
Eastern Europe? 188
227
273
317
332
346
361
373
384
Bulgaria 10.2
14.1
18.1
20.5
21.1
22.8
23.8
23.7
24.8
Czechoslovakia 42.0
46.4
54.9
60.8
62.9
64.8
66.1
69.0
70.7
East Germany 46.3
53.4
62.3
67.9
71.2
73.9
75.5
78.4
81.0
Hungary 18.3
21.8
25.3
28.4
29.1
29.8
29.8
31.3
32.1
Poland 48.7
59.1
72.0
88.8
94.1
98.6
102.7
105.5
108.3
Romania 22.7
31.9
40.6
50.9
53.7
56.1
62.7
64.7
67.5
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'Data for the non-Communist countries were converted from
national currencies by using the 1978 Par Rate/Market Rate
factors.
:Including data for West Berlin.
' See footnote 1 of Table 9 for an explanation of the data. Figures
for 1965, 1975-77 are from I. Edwards, M. Hughes, J. Noren, "US
and USSR: Comparisons of GNP," in US Congress, Joint Economic
Committee, The Soviet Economy in a Time ojChange (Washing-
ton, D.C., 1979). Data for other years were derived by moving 1976
Soviet GNP in dollars (geometric mean) through time by indexes of
Soviet GNP in 1976 established ruble prices. This shortcut proce-
dure gives results that are quite close to those obtained through the
more complex procedures used for the benchmark years of the
study-1955, 1965, 1975-77. A detailed discussion of estimating
Soviet GNP in 1976 US dollars is available in the study cited
above.
'The dollar values of gross national product are not official
figures. They are estimates based on Western concepts and proce-
dures, which compare as closely as possible to values published by
Western countries. Estimates of GNP in domestic prices were
converted at US purchasing power equivalent and extended to 1978
by means of the US official deflator for GNP. For additional
information, see T. P. Alton, "Comparative Structure and Growth
of Economic Activity in Eastern Europe," in US Congress, Joint
Economic Committee, East European Economics Post-Helsinki: A
Compendium oJPapers (Washington, D.C., 1977).
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Gross National Product in Purchasing Power
Equivalents and Exchange Rate Equivalents
Purchasing
Power
Equivalents'
Purchasing
Power
Equivalents'
Average
1978
Par Rate/
Market Rate
Average
1977
Exchange
Rate
Conversions
Average
1973
Exchange
Rate
Conversions
February
1973
Exchange
Rate
Conversions
May 1972
Exchange
Rate
Conversions
April 1971
Exchange
Rate
Conversions
Gross Nati
onal Product, 19
78 (Billion 1978 U
S $)
OECD
Belgium
N.A.
75.0
98.1
86.0
79.0
76.4
68.8
61.6
Denmark
N.A.
34.5
54.4
50.0
49.6
47.8
43.0
40.0
France
393.7
390.8
470.2
431.9
476.5
461.3
414.8
382.0
Italy
243.1
219.4
235.2
226.2
342.4
352.3
343.3
319.4
Japan
750.4
630.0'
968.8
759.4
749.1
755.2
662.0
566.4
Netherlands
N.A.
80.7
130.6
115.1
101.1
96.8
87.1
78.0
Norway
N.A.
27.5
39.4
38.6
35.4
34.4
30.9
28.8
United Kingdom
340.5
320.1
309.6
281.5
395.5
401.6
420.3
387.1
West Germany `
445.0
395.7
640.2
553.8
481.3
443.4
399.0
351.3
Gross National P
roduct Per Capit
a,' 1978 (United
States =100)
OECD
Belgium
N.A.
79
104
91
84
81
73
65
Denmark
N.A.
70
111
102
101
97
87
81
France
77
76
91
84
93
90
81
74
Italy
44
40
43
41
63
64
63
58
Japan
68
57
87
68
69
68
60
51
Netherlands
N.A.
60
97
86
75
72
65
58
Norway
N.A.
70
100
98
89
87
78
73
United Kingdom
63
59
57
52
73
74
78
72
West Germany `
75
67
108
94
81 _
75
67
59
'For the individual OECD countries, the ratios for converting
GNP in national currencies at 1978 prices into 1978 US dollars on
the basis of purchasing power equivalents are derived from the 1970
ratios in A System oJ'/nternational Comparisons of Gross Product
and Purchasing Power, published for the World Bank by The Johns
Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1975, p. 9, using
the geometric mean of foreign and US weighted ratios. These 1970
GDP parities were moved to 1978 by applying the following factor:
the derived price index for each OECD country for 1970-78 divided
by a derived price index for the United States for 1970-78. These
price indexes were derived for each country by dividing the growth
of GNP in current prices by the growth of GNP in constant prices.
The ratios thus obtained were applied to the GNP values, given in
the national currencies in 1978 prices.
2 For the individual European OECD countries, the ratios for
converting GNP in national currencies at 1978 prices into 1978 US
dollars on the basis of US purchasing power equivalents are derived
from the 1950 ratios in Milton Gilbert and Associates, Comparative
National Products and Price Levels, OEEC, Paris, 1958, using the
geometric mean of European and US weighted ratios. These 1950
ratios were moved to 1978 by applying the following factor: the
derived price index for each European country for 1950-78 divided by
a derived price index for the United States for 1950-78. The ratios
thus obtained were applied to the GNP values, given in the national
currencies in 1978 prices.
' Converted at US purchasing power equivalents in approximately
the same manner as the data for the European countries.
Including data for West Berlin.
5 Based on 1978 prices.
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STAT
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Gross National Product, by End Use,
in the US and the USSR, 1977
' US data in market prices. Total Soviet GNP and the various
end uses were converted to dollars not by the official rate of
exchange but by the average purchasing power ratio of the dollar
and the ruble calculated from actual or estimated prices paid for
various goods and services in the two economies. For GNP as a
whole and for each end-use component of GNP, these average
ratios (ruble-dollar ratios) were estimated by weighting individual
price ratios by both US and Soyyet~e,~diture weights. The
resources devoted to a particular en use or the share of total
output originating in an individual sector (for example, agriculture
or industry) in the USSR should be measured in internal ruble
prices and costs.
The end uses of GNP are defined as follows:
(l) Consumption comprises personal expenditures for goods
and services for all purposes and noninvestment outlays by govern-
ment for goods and services for health and education.
(2) New fixed investment is defined as the sum of expenditures
for gross private domestic investment net of inventories; for public
construction other than that for military facilities; and for equip-
ment purchased by the government except that for defense. Since
part of new fixed investment in the United States is capital repair,
one-half of Soviet expenditures on capital repair is included in
Soviet new fixed investment.
(3) Defense outlays include expenditures on military equip-
ment, construction, personnel (excluding transfer payments in the
form of pensions), maintenance, RDT&E, and defense-related
atomic energy programs. Outlays on space programs comparable to
those funded by NASA have been added.
(4) Other government expenditures for the USSR include
expenditures on defense, research and development, civil space,
inventory change, administration, net exports, and a statistical
discrepancy. Administration includes expenditures on civilian inter-
nal security, general agricultural programs, public organizations,
government administration, and social welfare. Other government
expenditures for the United States include defense, administration,
net exports and military assistance, outlays for space R&D, change
in inventories and stockpile, and a statistical discrepancy. Adminis-
tration is the residual left after all current expenditures for national
defense, health, education, and all capital expenditures are sub-
tracted from government purchases of goods and services.
: The sum of the end-use components of Soviet GNP, valued in
dollars, does not equal the dollar value of aggregate GNP, because
of the use of average ruble-dollar ratios in converting from ruble
values to dollar values. Nevertheless, the individual end-use compo-
vents were not adjusted to agree with the total, since the US-USSR
comparisons shown are believed to give the best available descrip-
tion of relative size.
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1961-65 1966-70~ 19'~~ 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
'Including data for West Berlin.
' At factor cost.
- 1.4
2.4
3.5
- I.0
5.3
4.0
1.4
1.7
4.7
2.6
3.9
4.2
- 0.6
0.5
- 1.3 5.7 4.9 4.0
1.9 3.8 2.1 2.5
1.2 5.8 2.7 3.5
2.4 6.0 5.2 5.8
0.7 2.1 2.5 3.0
0.9 1.5 - 2.4 2.3
- 6.8 - 1.4 2.7 1.0
- 1.8 5.0 2.3 2.9
- 2.0 5.7 1.2 2.3
- 0.1 5.6 3.0 3.0
- 3.4 5.6 1.7 2.0
- 1.2 4.6 2.3 2.0
- 1.6 2.6 1.6 3.0
- 2.5 5.6 2.6 3.4
3.8 1.8 4.3 ~ 3.4 _ 3.2
4.7 4.1 4.2 3.4 3.1
3.3 7.9 4.1 - 0.2 4.4 ~t.~i
3.6 2.9 2.1 4.3 2.5
4.8 3.8 2.2 4.0 3.3 hi ~,
2.4 2.7 - 0.1 5.0 2.6 Q
5.9 4.6 4.1 2.8 2.7 --/, /~
5.6 4.4 11.7 3.2 4.2 ~~
3.7 7.0 Negl. 8.1 11.7
N.A. 7.5 - 3.0 Negl. 7.2
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 ~ ~ ~ l t l_ l_ l l
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Gross National Product Price Deflators
------~
1960
1965
1970
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
United States
75.2
81.3
100.0
115.8
127.0
139.2
146.4
155.0
166.5
Canada
74.4
81.6
100.0
118.2
136.3
150.9
165.5
177.0
188.9
Japan
62.4
79.4
100.0
122.2
146.0
158.6
167.4
176.9
185.4
European Community'
France
65.7
81.0
100.0
121.3
135.3
154.0
169.1
182.8
200.6
Italy
64.0
84.2
100.0
126.7
148.0
174.1
202.0
248 3
281 3
United Kingdom
66.1
78.6
100.0
127.0
144.1
184.2
211.6
239.7
256.0
West Germany
71.1
84.7
100.0
120.6
128.9
137.6
142.0
147.4
153.2
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.~ ~, ~.~
Table `1~- /~
Rd/ eal Gross National Product Per Capita~~
Average Annual Rate of Growth ;
1961-65
19
66-70 ~
1973
United States
3.2
1.9
4.7
Australia
2.9
4.0
4.5
Canada
3.8
3.0
6.1
Japan
8.9
id.9
8.3
Sweden
4.5
3.2
3.4
Switzerland
3.1
3.0
3.0
European Community
3.9
4.1
4.9
Belgium
4.5
4.2
6.5
France
4.5
4.9
4.4
Italy
4.6
5.3
5.7
Netherlands
3.6
4.1
5.1
United Kingdom
2.6
1.9
6.4
West Germany
4.0
3.9
4.4
USSR and Eastern Europe
i
USSR
33
~
43
63
Eastern Europe
3.2
~
3.1
4.0
Bulgaria
5.5
~
4.1
3.5
Czechoslovakia
13
3.2
2.6
East Germany
3.1
3.2
3.5
Hungary
3.9
2.7
4.9
Poland
2.8
3.0
6.4
Romania
4.4
3.2
2.4
Far East
China
2.0
4.8
10.5
North Korea
6.8
2.5
8.5
Other
Yugoslavia
4.9
4.2
3.9
1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
- 2.1 - 2.1 4.9 4.1 3.2
0.9 0.4 3.1 0.7 1.7
2.1 - 0.1 4.4 1 3 2.6
- 2.3 1.1 4.9 4.2 4.9
2.7 1.0 1.5 - 3.6 2.2
1.4 - 6.8 - 2.9 2.7 4.2
1.2 - 2.0 4.9 2.1 2.7
3.6 - 2.0 5.7 1.2 2.3
2.0 - 0.5 5.2 2.6 2.6
3.0 - 4.1 4.8 I.4 1.4
3.4 - 2.7 3.8 1.6 2.0
- 0.8 - 1.4 2.6 1.8 3.0
0.5 - 2.2 6.1 2.8 3.6
2.8 0.9 3.4 2.6 23
4.0 3.5 3.5 2.7 2.5
2.5 7.4 3.7 - 0.7 3.9
2.7 2.1 13 3.6 1.8
5.2 4.2, 2.6 4.1 3.4
2.1 1.6 -0.6 4.5 2.2
4.9 3.8 3.1 1.7 1.8
4.6 3.4 10.6 2.2 3.2
1.6 4.9 2.1 6.1 7.9
7.8 4.1 - 6.0 - 3.3 4.8
7.1 2.8 3.0 6.7 5.8
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Gross Investment as a Share of Gross National Product
United States
13.1
16.3
14.3
16.8
15.2
12.5
14.3
15.8
16.4
Australia
23.8
25.2
26.4
24.9
23.6
23.7
23.9
23.3
N A
Canada
21.4
26.2
20.9
22.5
23.2
24.2
23.4
23.0
22.6
Japan
30.1
30.6
35.0
36.6
33.8
32.7
31.7
31.2
32.8
European Community
20.7
22.3
22.8
22.8
22.5
21.4
21.0
20.7
N.A.
Belgium
18.9
24.1
22.3
20.8
22.2
21.9
21.2
20.8
N.A.
France
20.2
23.3
23.4
23.8
24.3
23.2
23.3
22.6
21.1
Italy
22.3
19.0
21.3
20.8
22.6
20.6
20.3
19.7
18.8
Netherlands
24.0
25.1
25.7
23.0
21.8
21.0
19.7
21.8
N.A.
United Kingdom
16.4
18.3
18.5
19.5
20.6
19.9
19.3
18.3
18.2
West Germany
24.3
26.1
25.6
24.5
21.9
20.8
20.7
20.9
21.6
STAT
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Average
Annual Rate
of Growth
1961-70
197
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
Industrial production
United States
5.1
- 3.0
8.5
- 0.4
- 8.8
10.2
5.6
5.9
Canada
6.0
1.6
8.0
4.0
- 4.7
5.0
3.9
5.5
Japan
13.6
13.8
15.5
-3.9
-9.8
11.0
4.5
6.0
France
5.8
- 1.2
8.4
2.5
- 9.1
9.0
0.7
2.0
Italy
7.0
6.5
10.6
3.5
- 9.2
12.0
0
1.7
United Kingdom
2.8
0.2
8.8
-1.9
- 5.5
3.0
3.9
3.7
West Germany
5.8
6.5
6.6
-1.8
-6.2
7.0
2.8
2.7
Consumer prices
United States
2.8
5.9
6.3
10.9
9.2
5.8
6.5
7.6
Canada
2.6
3.3
7.5
10.9
10.8
7.5
8.0
9.0
Japan
5.8
7.6
11.7
24.4
11.9
9.3
8.1
3.8
France
4.1
5.8
7.4
13.7
11.7
9.6
9.8
8.7
Italy
3.9
4.8
10.8
19.1
17.0
16.8
18.4
12.2
United Kingdom
4.1
6.3
9.1
16.0
24.2
16.5
15.9
8.3
West Germany
2.6
2.3
6.9
7.0
5.9
4.5
3.9
2.6
Export prices (unit values, US dollar basis)
United States
2.0
5.7
16.8
27.0
11.8
3.6
4.8
9.6
Canada
1.4
5.7
13.0
35.5
6.5
5.8
-1.5
1.2
Japan
-0.4
4.9
20.0
27.4
0
-1.3
10.2
22.7
France
1.3
3.0
24.7
16.8
18.3
- 2.1
6.9
14.4
Italy
0.5
3.8
16.8
27.3
12.8
-5.6
13.0
11.2
United Kingdom
N.A.
7.5
10.3
23.2
I6.1
-1.9
14.1
17.7
West Germany
2.6
10.6
23.6
18.5
13.0
-0.4
10.8
24.9
Import prices (unit values, US dollar basis)
United States
1.5
7.1
17.8
50.4
8.0
3.2
8.5
8.3
Canada
1.4
4.9
6.7
26.1
11.5
3.6
2.0
6.0
Japan
0.6
5.7
25.2
71.1
5.4
2.9
7.3
4.9
France
0.6
4.7
21.7
36.0
10.2
-0.9
8.7
9.9
Italy
1.1
3.3
28.2
55.4
5.8
- 1.9
10.3
8.6
United Kingdom
N.A.
4.6
25.2
47.9
7.4
-0.9
12.1
10.2
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Economic Indicators for Selected Non-OPEC
Less Developed Countries
Industrial Production
India
1.4
2.2
4.0
11.1
4.7
6.1
Mexico
9.7
8.1
4.8
2.7
3.6
10.1
Nigeria
15.8
5.8
-6.0
19.2
4.8
N.A.
South Korea
33.5
27.5
18.9
29.7
19.9
22.9
Taiwan
20.5
-1.4
5.4
24.8
12.1
25.2
Consumer Price Inflation
Brazil
12.6
27.6
29.0
41.8
43.7
38.7
India
16.9
28.6
5.7
-7.6
8.3
2.5
Mexico
12.1
23.8
15.0
15.8
29.0
16.9
Nigeria
-12.1
12.7
33.9
21.2
21.5
N.A.
South Korea
3.2
23.7
25.2
15.3
10.1
14.5
Taiwan
13.1
43.6
6.7
2.5
6.2
5.1
Wholesale Price Inflation
Brazil
15.3
29.0
27.8
40.4
40.6
38.9
India
18.0
29.1
3.5
- 2.0
7.5
- 0.3
Mexico
15.7
22.9
10.2
22.3
41.2
15.8
South Korea
6.9
42.1
26.1
12.1
9.1
11.7
Taiwan
22.9
34.0
- 5.1
2.8
4.0
2.8
Money Supply
Brazil
41.8
37.1
33.6
37.7
38.4
25.1
India
16.5
14.3
8.0
13.3
16.8
6.1
Mexico
25.0
20.7
22.3
22.9
27.7
33.9
Nigeria
17.7
40.5
85.7
50.7
48.9
N.A.
South Korea
51.4
26.3
26.1
30.8
39.0
28.2
Taiwan
41.2
19.1
21.2
18.5
24.7
N.A.
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'Including goods, services, and private transfers.
: Preliminary.
Including Luxembourg.
' Excluding overseas departments and territories.
' Data prior to 1975 are from the International Financial
Statistics.
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l
1960 1965 1970 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
' Including gold and foreign exchange. Data for the non-Commu- expressed in terms of US dollars at the official par values and, in
nist countries also include special drawing rights and the reserve ]972-78, reflect the realignments of the exchange rates and the
position in the International Monetary Fund. Data before 1972 are revaluations of the dollar price of gold.
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Index of Industrial Production for Communist Countries
' Preliminary.
z The official indexes purportedly measure changes in the gross
value of industrial production. In general, the gross value of
production equals the sum of the value of output of all industrial
enterprises. As a result, since both intermediate and final goods are
included in the value of output of each enterprise, industrial
products are double-counted. If, as the evidence suggests, interme-
diate product (for example rolled metal) increases relative to final
product (for example machine tools) inflation of output from
increased double-counting takes place. In addition to inflation in
the official indicator from this source, disguised inflation also enters
the index through new-product pricing, where minor product
improvements result in anew-product price that is substantially
higher than can be justified by either improved quality or increased
production costs. Because output of these "new" products grows
from a small base, their rates of growth will proceed at a higher
rate than those of "old" products.
Adjusted indexes of industrial production-parallel to those used
by the Federal Reserve Board for measuring US industrial out-
put-are constructed in order to circumvent most of these distor-
tions, that is, price-weighted samples of several final products form
output indexes for various industrial components and these compo-
nent indexes are combined into an aggregate index for industry by
use of value-added weights.
An official index is not published.
' An adjusted index is not available.
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Index of Industrial Production for Selected Countries'
,/ UU /1
'Indexes for the non-Communist countries are value-added
weighted indexes of intermediate and final products of industry.
Industry includes manufacturing, mining, and, in most countries,
public utilities. The indexes for the Communist countries are
estimates of CIA (see Table 18 for detailed explanation)--con-
structed as nearly as possible on the same basis as the indexes for
Western countries-or other calculations accepted by CIA. The
indexes for the Communist countries include manufacturing, min-
ing, and public utilities.
z Preliminary.
' Index of gross values of output for individual commodities and
branches are aggregated by 1970 value-added weights. The three
100 120 120 109 120
100 122 127 121 127
100_ 127 122 110 122
122
121
106
112
138
138
138
126
123
118
151
169
sectors covered-materials, machinery, and nondurable consumer
goods-constitute 48.21 percent, 32.88 percent, and 18.91 percent,
respectively, of the value-added weights for industrial production.
This index is as comparable as data will permit with the index of
US industrial production of the US Federal Reserve Board.
CIA estimates were computed by applying value-added weights
to data for commodity production. The data are fragmentary and
uncertain; therefore,the index should be regarded as providing only
a tentative indication of the general level and trend in production.
123
121
110
116
144
145
144
130
126
121
158
183
135
139
135
125
123
114
119
149
149
151
134
131
125
163
194
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Big Seven: Index of Industrial Production, by Month
Big Six
United Foreign West United
States Countries' Japan Germany France Kingdom
1974 Jan
120.5
122.0
129.6
113.0
125.0
103.8
130.1
130.3
Feb
120.2
121.6
129.8
113.0
125.0
107.0
120.0
130.7
Mar
120.6
120.6
127.6
112.0
123.0
109.3
120.2
130.9
Apr
120.5
121.1
126.3
113.0
125.0
110.3
124.0
129.3
May
121.8
122.3
128.6
114.0
127.0
110.8
121.3
130.5
Jun
122.4
120.3
124.7
112.0
125.0
111.8
120.6
129.3
Jul
122.3
121.9
125.6
115.0
128.0
111.5
121.8
128.8
Aug
122.2
119.2
120.8
110.0
128.0
112.1
120.5
128.0
Sep
122.3
117.5
120.6
110.0
122.0
109.1
119.3
127.3
Oct
120.1
116.2
118.4
109.0
122.0
107.5
116.6
127.2
Nov
115.9
113.7
115.3
108.0
118.0
107.8
110.1
125.2
Dec
110.7
110.8
111.6
104.0
115.0
105.9
110.3
124.1
1975 Jan
106.9
109.3
107.4
104.0
114.0
107.7
101.0
120.5
Feb
104.5
109.0
105.9
104.0
114.0
107.3
111.7
121.4
Mar
103.6
107.8
106.3
105.0
112.0
104.8
102.5
120.3
Apr
104.5
109.1
109.4
104.0
112.0
102.7
112.1
121.1
May
105.5
106.7
108.8
103.0
109.0
100.7
99.7
119.5
Jun
108.0
108.9
111.1
103.0
112.0
100.8
109.3
120.8
Jul
109.8
109.4
112.4
103.0
111.0
101.1
110.6
122.5'
Aug
112.2
108.1
111.2
105.0
111.0
99.4
97.3
121.9
Sep
113.3
110.1
113.0
105.0
112.0
100.8
110.1
121.8
Oct
113.4
111.1
113.0
107.0
114.0
101.4
113.0
120.5
Nov
114.6
110.9
111.8
108.0
113.0
101.7
109.1
123.6
Dec
115.4
112.9
114.0
109.0
118.0
100.5
113.2
124.4
1976 Jan
116.6
114.2
116.5
110.0
120.0
101.5
111.6
124.1
Feb
118.1
115.8
119.0
112.0
119.0
102.1
116.7
125.6
Mar
118.8
117.3
122.7
111.0
121.0
101.8
118.8
127.5
Apr
119.1
119.4
126.8
112.0
122.0
103.3
121.6
128.0
May
120.2
119.2
124.4
113.0
122.0
106.4
118.4
130.1
Jun
120.7
118.9
125.9
113.0
l 23.0
101.1
116.8
127.8
Jul
121.2
121.0
128.7
1 l 3.0
125.0
104.1
124.3
126.9
Aug
121.8
120.2
126.6
114.0
l 25.0
103.2
118.6
128.8
Sep
121.3
121.9
126.0
115.0
130.0
104.4
126.3
128.4
Oct
121.0
120.5.
126.3
115.0
124.0
104.9
122.7
127.1
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Table 20 (continued)
Big Seven: Index of Industrial Production, by Month
1976 (continued)
United
States
Big six
Foreign
Countries'
Japan
West
Germany
France
United
Kingdom
Italy
Canada
Nov
122.2
122.9
129.4
115.0
128.0
105.1
128.8
129.3
Dec
123.5
123.5
129.4
115.0
126.0
104.6
139.9
129.6
1977 Jan
122.7
123.8
129.6
117.0
129.0
105.6
127.1
131.7
Feb
123.6
122.5
127.9
115.0
127.0
105.3
128.1
131.5
Mar
125.5
124.4
129.7
118.0
129.0
105.5
130.8
132.3
Apr
126.3
121.8
1.29.1
115.0
125.0
103.5
122.8
131.3
May
127.1
121.5
127.9
115.0
123.0
104.8
126.2
131.6
Jun
127.8
122.7
129.6
116.0
128.0
100.8
124.0
133.2
Jul
128.7
120.7
126.5
115.0
125.0
104.6
116.6
132.5
Aug
128.1
122.3
130.1
116.0
125.0
103.8
120.5
133.0
Sep
128.5
122.7
129.5
117.0
126.0
103.7
121.6
133.4
Oct
128.8
121.1
127.9
116.0
123.0
103.1
117.2
134.4
Nov
129.2
122.9
130.5
116.0
126.0
102.7
123.4
134.7
Dec
129.6
123.3
131.7
119.0
122.0
104.4
121.3
135.3
1978 Jan
128.8
124.7
132.8
120.0
126.0
103.5
125.4
134.4
Feb
129.1
123.4
133.2
116.0
125.0
102.1
121.4
137.1
Mar
130.7
l 24.8
136.0
115.0
128.0
102.5
122.5
138.0
Apr
132.8
125.8
136.1
116.0
131.0
105.5
120.6
138.4
May
133.5
125.0
136.5
115.0
127.0
103.7
125.0
137.2
Jun
134.4
126.2
136.6
118.0
125.0
105.4
130.1
139.0
Jul
135.5
126.2
136.1
120.0
127.0
104.9
121.6
139.7
Aug
136.5
126.6
137.5
119.0
127.0
105.7
124.1
138.8
Sep
137. l
128.1
138.7
121.0
129.0
104.1
124.5
143.8
Oct
137.9
128.1
138.4
121.0
129.0
101.7
129.5
143.3
Nov
138.8
129.4
140.0
121.0
130.0
102.4
135.1
144.1
Dec
140.0
129.7
142.0
121.0
131.0
103.5
126.9
146.2
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Developed Countries
92
100
110
111
113
114
117
121
United States'
97
100
111
105
113
116
120
121
_ Canada
107
100
109
102
113
123
126
129
European Community
100
111
113
108
107
108
115
Italy
g9
100
102
106
l07
105
106
111
_ United Kingdom
92
100
106
113
107
104
111
108
West Germany
g5
100
100
I04
101
100
104
108
Oceania
g5
100
109
104
113
119
115
128
Less Developed Countries
85
100
106
1l0
114
1l6
120
123
Africa
gg
100
100
106
106
110
108
112
Far East
g 1
100
107
l05
ll4
113
120
l23
Latin America
gg
100
l05
112
114
117
123
l27
Middle East
g5
100
105
114
119
125
124
127
Communist Countries
USSR ~
g3
100
108
107
99
106
111
114
Eastern Europe'
90
100
118
121
121
123
127
131
Bulgaria
90
100
106
105
108
114
106
112
Czechoslovakia
82
100
106
113
116
114
123
125
East Germany
91
100
110
ilb
119
118
122
124
100
127
132
129
127
148
151
100
118
122
118
115
117
121
100
l34
130
137
157
156
160
100
114
123
100
170
170
estimated agricultural output are the average prices realized by all
producers for products sold in 1970.
' Estimates based on the value of crop production plus the value
of livestock products, with allowance for changes in livestock
numbers, but minus feed (including grain imported for feed), seed,
and waste. FAO, East European, and Soviet wheat price relatives
for 1961-65 were used to compute the indexes.
'Based on estimates of grain and cotton production.
' Based on official grain claims.
' Excluding production of seeds and of feed for horses and mules.
2 Data differs from earlier versions because (a) the methodology
used to estimate the annual waste and losses in handling the grain
crop has been revised; (b) the techniques used to estimate quantities
of grain, vegetables, and potatoes fed to livestock have been
improved; and (c) the base year prices for grain and vegetables fed
to livestock have been modified. Estimates based on the value of
crop production plus the value of livestock products, with allowance
for changes in livestock numbers, but minus feed (including grain
imported for feed), seed, and waste. The weights used to aggregate
~b7
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Defense Expenditures as a Share of Gross National Product
Australia
4.4
3.7
3.5
3.4
3.0
2.7
3.2
3.2
2.6
Austria
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0.
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.1
Belgium
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
3.0
3.1
3.2
Canada
3.0
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
Denmark
2.8
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.1
2.4
2.6
2.5
2.5
Finland
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.7
France
5.2
4.2
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.9
3.8
3.9
(,rye
3.5
4.7
4.6
4.4
4.0
4.1
6.3
5.1
4.6
Ireland
1.4
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.6
Italy
3.3
2.7
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.7
Japan
1.0
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
Luxembourg
1.4
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.1
1.1
Netherlands
4.0
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.3
3.6
New Zealand
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
Norway
3.8
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.3
3.2
3.1
Portugal
6.0
6.5
6.8
6.3
5.4
6.8
5.0
3.9
3.3
Spain
2.7
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.7
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.7
Sweden
3.9
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.3
Switzerland
2.6
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.1
Turkey
5.0
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.8
4.5
5.6
5.7
United Kingdom
5.9
4.8
5.0
5.2
4.9
5.1
5.0
5.2
4.8
United States ~
7.8
8.0
6.9
6.2
5.7
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.0
West Germany'
4.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.4
Less Developed Countries
N.A.
6.3
6.4
5.9
5.8
5.8
6.1
6.3
5.9
OPEC
N.A.
4.8
4.8
5.2
5.3
5.8
6.4
7.9
7.7
Iran
N.A.
7.8
8.3
8.9
8.4
11.8
14.5
12.2
10.5
Nigeria
N.A.
5.9
4.2
5.2
5.0
3.8
4.6
5.3
4.2
Saudi Arabia
N.A.
6.3
6.4
6.4
7.2
5.1
5.8
19.4
15.7
' Except for the United States, data are from the United States
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, based on the ratio of
military expenditures to GNP at current market prices. Military
expenditures are for current and capital expenditures to meet the
needs of the armed forces, including expenditures of national
defense agencies for military programs; expenditures for the mili-
tary components of such mixed activities as atomic energy, space,
and research and development; military assistance to foreign
countries; and expenditures on paramilitary forces where they
contribute substantially to a country's military capabilities.
' Based on the ratio of military expenditures to GNP in constant
1976 prices.
' Including data for West Berlin.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
1960
1965
1970
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
Aluminum'
US cents per pound
27.23
24.50
28.72
25.33
34.06
39.79
44.34
51.34
53.90
Copper'
US cents -per pound
30.74
58.51
64.17
80.81
93.07
55.85
63.62
59.33
61 90
Lead '
US cents per pound
9.02
14.39
13.78
19.47
26.81
18.66
20.38
27.90
29 90
Nickel'
US cents per pound
74.00
78.70
129.00
153.00
173.50
205.83
225.58
230.08
204 58
Tin 5
US cents per pound
99.60
179.40
166.70
218.40
371.30
310.20
345.87
489.20
581.10
Zinc'
US cents per pound
11.09
14.11
13.40
38.47
56.01
33.68
32.15
26.70
26 90
Silver ?
US $ per troy ounce
0.91
1.29
1.77
2.56
4.71
4.42
4.35
4.62
5.40
Gold '
US $ per troy ounce
35.28
35.13
35.98
100.01
161.58
160.47
124.03
148.79
197.14
Iron Ore'
US $ per metric ton
17
16
15
17
19
23
22
22
20
Manganese "
US $ per metric ton
87
75
54
75
l i 2
138
145
148
142
Finished steel composite"
US cents per pound
6.20
6.37
7.65
9.38
11.14
13.10
14.21
15.58
17.96
' Virgin unalloyed ingot at New York. 'London Metal Exchange.
: London Metal Exchange electrolytic wirebars. ? US price (New York).
' London Metal Exchange refined pig lead, minimum 99.97 'Brazil (North Sea ports).
percent. ? India (US ports).
' US major producer of cathodes, spot, f.o.b. refinery. 'Weighted index of steel shapes.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
' From Santos, No. 4, New York spot.
: US No. 2 yellow, f.o.b. Gulf ports.
' US, domestic middling 1 inch, 12 markets.
'United Kingdom 5 percent bulk, c.i.f.
' US No. 2, milled, f.o.b., New Orleans.
? US No. 2, bulk, c.i.f., Rotterdam.
' US, 44 percent extraction, c.i.f., Rotterdam.
"All origins, f.o.b., Netherlands.
' Caribbean, raw, f.a.s., No. 11 bulk, New York spot.
10 London, average price all teas.
" US No. 1, hard winter, ordinary protein, f.o.b. Gulf ports.
'~ Boneless Australian, f.o.b., New York.
"Smoked sheets, New York.
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'Total average f.o.b. costs paid by present or former 5 A 10-cent-per-barrel discount will be offered to buyers provided
concessionaires. they meet their minimum contractual lifting volumes for second
' F.o.b. prices set by the government for direct sales and, in most half 1977. The discount will be credited to the lifting companies'
cases, for the producing company buy-back oil. accounts beginning in first quarter 1978. An additional 5-cent-per-
Weighted by the volume of production. barrel discount was offered for second and third quarters 1978.
' The following discounts were offered on Nigerian 34? API
Crude: 12-cents-per-barrel for 2d qtr 1978, 25-cents-per-barrel for
3d qtr 1978 and 15-cents-per-barrel for 4th qtr 1978.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
1
Big Seven: Consumer Price Inflation,' by Month
United
States
sig six
Foreign
Countries'
Japan
West
Germany
France
United
Kingdom
Italy
Canada
1974 Jan
9.S
16.3
27.0
10.3
12.7
15.0
14.9
8.6
Feb
10.9
20.0
39.0
9.4
14.2
1 S.6
18.6
9.0
Mar
12.1
21.1
42.3
6.8
16.0
16.6
21.7
10.6
Apr
12.6
20.0
36.5
S.8
16.9
18.6
23.1
11.4
May
12.5
16.4
22.8
S.4
17.0
18.5
24.4
12.6
Jun
11.6
14.8
17.5
S.8
16.5
18.9
22.5
13.3
Jul
11.3
14.3
16.1
S.8
15.8
17.8
24.0
13.8
Aug
11.3
1 S.6
20.3
5.9
1 S.0
17.1
27.0
12.6
Sep
12.0
16.0
21.3
6.1
14.0
16.0
32.9
11.1
Oct
13.1
16.0
21.1
6.S
13.3
16.3
34.0
10.4
Nov
13.1
1 S.6
18.8
7.0
13.0
18.4
32.0
11.3
Dec
12.4
15.2
t 7.9
7.0
13.1
20.9
25.7
12.5
1975 Jan
11.2
13.8
13.5
6.6
13.4
23.9
21.1
12.9
Feb
9.9
11.7
8.6
S.7
13.4
24.8
16.8
12.0
Mar
8.5
9.8
4.4
S.3
12.6
25.8
13.8
10.3
Apr
7.1
9.2
4.4
S.1
11.2
26.2
11.0
8.7
May
5.9
10.0
6.6
S.8
9.9
31.1
9.0
7.S
Jun
S.9
11.3
8.5
6.S
9.1
35.4
9.9
8.2
Jul
6.8
12.0
9.0
6.7
8.9
38.0
10.8
10.0
Aug
7.9
11.5
8.4
6.3
9.0
32.0
12.1
12.7
Sep
8.1
IO.S
8.0
S.6
9.1
24.7
11.4
13.1
Oct
7.3
10.0
9.4
S.S
9.2
18.7
10.7
11.9
Nov
6.9
10.0
10.7
S.6
9.0
16.4
9.8
10.3
Dec
7.0
9.6
10.2
5.0
9.0
1 S.9
10.4
9.4
1976 Jan
7.1
9.0
8.3
4.1 ~
9.6
15.7
11.7
8.7
Feb
5.9
8.9
7.8
3.8
10.3
1 S.7
13.6
7.0
Mar
4.S
9.S
9.1
4.2
10.9
14.5
16.2
6.2
Apr
3.4
10.0
9.9
4.9
10.5
12.8
20.8
S.4
May
3.7
9.9
9.4
S.0
9.8
10.7
25.7
S.7
Jun
4.S
9.7
10.1
4.6
8.S
9.4
26.6
S.6
Jul ~
S.4
9.1
10.4
3.4
8.1
9.1
22.0
5.4
Aug
5.8
9.6
10.0
3.0
8.3
11.0
16.3
4.9
Sep
5.7
8.6
8.7
2.9
9.S
14.4
14.2
4.8
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 t t t l l l l l
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Oct
5.6
9.7
7.7
3.8
10.3
19.2
17.5
5.8
Nov
5.3
11.1
9.0
3.7
10.9
21.5
23.0
6.6
Dec
5.3
11.8
9.7
3.8
10.7
22.0
27.7
6.8
1977 Jan
5.6
11.9
10.6
4.0
9.8
21.7
27.2
7.0
Feb
6.9
11.6
10.3
4.7
8.7
21.1
24.9
8.1
Mar
8.2
11.0
9.1
5.0
7.8
20.5
22.1
10.0
APr
9.2
10.3
7.9
4.7
8.9
17.6
20.4
11.0
May
8.7
9.7
7.4
4.1
10.2
15.0
18.2
10.6
Jun
8.0
9.3
7.7
3.7
11.5
13.0
15.7
9.0
Jul
6.6
8.8
7.6
3.7
11.3
11.7
14.9
7.9
Aug
6.0
8.3
6.2
3.6
10.6
11.7
14.7
7.5
Sep
5.2
7.6
5.2
3.2
9.6
11.1
14.5
7.8
Oct
4.9
7.3
5.3
3.0
.8.8
10.9
12.6
8.2
Nov
4.8
6.6
4.4
2.7
8.2
9.3
11.4
9.0
Dec
5.3
5.9
2.7
2.9
7.9
8.0
11.0
9.7
1978 Jan
6.4
4.9
Negl.
2.7
7.4
6.8
12.4
9.7
Feb
7.2
4.8
-0.1
2.6
7.7
6.0
12.4
9.1
Mar
7.9
5.4
2.0
2.6
8.0
5.8
12.2
8.7
Apr
8.2
6.2
4.3
2.6
9.2
5.9
10.9
8.7
May
9.0
6.7
5.5
2.5
9.9
6.0
11.2
9.4
Jun
9.8
6.6
4.8
2.0
10.6
6.0
11.6
9.4
Jul
10.1
7.4
5.4
2.1
11.1
7.3
13.0
10.9
Aug
9.9
8.0
6.0
2.1
11.4
9.8
13.5
10.6
Sep
9.1
8.4
6.8
2.2
10.9
11.7
13.9
9.5
Oct
8.9
7.3
5.4
1.7
9.6
11.6
12.6
6.5
Nov
9.2
5.8
2.5
1.8
8.5
9.9
11.2
6.0
Dec
9.3
5.1
0.3
2.4
8.6
9.0
10.1
7.1
' Seasonally adjusted at an annual rate. Three-month average
compared with previous three months.
' Weighted average.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
' Implicit price index obtained from a comparison of indexes of
goods sold in the retail trade network in constant and in current
prices. The current price index is based on the values of total retail
and collective farm market sales in current prices regularly pub-
lished in Soviet statistical abstracts. The index in constant prices is
derived from the goods components of the CIA index of total
consumption. A more complete explanation of the methodology and
a discussion of the relative merits of an "official" or "alternative"
price index are contained in "Soviet Economy in a New Perspec-
tive," US Congress, Joint Economic Committee, 14 October 1976,
p. 631.
'Calculated differently from that for the USSR; the official
index of personal consumption in current prices was deflated by a
calculated index of personal consumption in constant prices. An
explanation of the methodology used to calculate personal con-
sumption is presented in T. P. Alton, "Index of Personal Consump-
tion in Poland, 1937 and 1946-1967," Occasional Papers of the
Research Projection National Income in East Central Europe
(NY: L. W. International Financial Research, Inc., 1973).
' Price indexes are calculated from official figures for total
consumption of the population, including estimates of health and
education expenses.
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 ~ ~ < < ~ l l l l , l l l l l l
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United States
86
88
100
122
145
158
166
175
190
Canada
81
88
100
132
161
172
179
196
213
Japan
89
90
100
116
152
157
165
168
163
European Community
Belgium'
82
90
100
116
136
137
147
151
148
France2
77
85
100
122
158
149
160
169
176
Italy
77
88
100
126
177
192
236
276
299
Netherlands'
81
90
100
116
129
137
147
155
158
United Kingdom'
74
84
100
123
152
189
220
265
288
West Germany' '
88
94
100
114
135
137
144
147
145
' Excluding the value added tax.
Zlntermediate goods prices.
'Industrial goods prices.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
Big Seven: Wholesale Price Inflation,' by Month
United
States
Big Six
Foreign
Countries'
Japan
West
Germany
France
United
Kingdom
Italy
Canada
0
1974 Jan
18.3
31.2
54.5
14.6
21.5
19.1
47.1
28.1
Feb
22.8
39.7
71.4
20.0
24.7
22.7
69.6
28.1
Mar
27.4
43.0
66.9
25.2
28.2
28.4
88.5
28.4
ppr
31.3
39.1
48.1
24.3
29.6
35.8
88.3
28.0
May
35.0
30.2
26.0
20.0
29.0
37.0
67.6
27.6
Jun
36.1
22.8
16.5
14.0
26.4
33.8
43.6
23.8
Jul
36.8
18.6
14.5
11.5
21.0
27.0
31.7
20.4
Aug
34.5
17.5
16.2
9.9
17.1
23.7
31.7
17.8
Sep
31.3
16.3
14.2
9.7
13.7
22.6
34.1
17.2
Oct
26.1
14.5
11.0
8.4
13.0
24.1
32.1
12.7
Nov
19.1
11.8
6.8
7.S
11.9
25.1
24.6
8.5
Dec
14.2
9.2
4.3
5.8
10.1
26.2
16.0
4.2
1975 Jan
10.4
6.4
0.2
4.5
6.9
26.8
8.2
4.7
Feb
8.4
3.9
- 3.3
2.4
4.3
27.0
0.5
6.2
Mar
6.4
2.1
- 5.6
0.8
2.8
26.6
- 4.8
7.8
Apr
S.0
1.6
- 4.5
- 0.9
2.7
25.2
- 8.4
8.1
May
3.7
2.6
- 1.5
- 0.8
2.6
25.4
- 8.1
7.8
Jun
3.4
4.1
1.6
Negl.
3.1
24.4
-6.3
9.6
Jul
3.3
S.4
3.0
0.9
4.0
24.1
-2.4
10.5
Aug
4.2
6.0
3.1
1.4
5.7
20.8
2.3
9.7
Sep
4.8
6.8
3.4
2.3
7.4
18.6
7.9
8.9
Oct
6.5
7.7
4.7
3.2
8.2
15.7
12.4
10.0
Nov
8.0
8.1
5.2
3.7
7.6
14.5
14.6
11.4.
Dec
9.3
7.5
4.5
2.6
6.9
14.5
14.3
11.1
1976 Jan
9.0
6.8
2.2
2.3
6.7
14.8
14.5
8.2
Feb
7.8
6.9
3.2
2.7
7.0
15.1
15.7
6.0
Mar
6.]
7.7
5.1
3.5
7.1
13.0
22.0
3.0
Apr
4.9
9.6
7.3
4.4
8.0
12.6
33.1
2.4
May
4.0
11.5
8.4
4.7
9.7
12.6
46.6
2.4
Jun
4.3
13.1
8.5
5.9
11.5
14.4
51.2
5.0
Jul
4.9
13.5
9.1
6.3
12.1
15.6
44.2
8.3
Aug
6.4
13.1
9.0
6.5
11.6
17.6
32.7
12.2
Sep
7.0
12.5
8.9
6.4
10.9
19.8
24.6
13.4
Oct
8.0
11.7
7.4
5.6
10.1
21.6
23.5
11.9
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Nov
S.S
11.3
S.9
4.6
9.S
22.7
27.4
9 3
Dec
8.6
10.6
3.0
2.4
8.3
23.1
30.5
11.6
1977 Jan
7.6
9.S
0.2
1.S
6.3
24.1
29 4
14 0
Feb
6.8
7.9
-1.3
1.1
4.3
23.4
21.1
16.1
Mar
6.9
6.S
-1.3
l.6
3.4
22.3
14.0
I 1 9
Apr
8.1
6.0
O.S
1.9
S.l
19.8
6.7
]0 1
May
8.4
S.9
1.5
2.0
6.S
18.8
4.6
7.6
Jun
7.6
6.0
2.3
2.1
7.S
18.3
3.7
6.7
Jul
6.2
S.8
1.3
1.8
6.2
18.2
6.S
S.8
Aug
S.6
5.6
-0.4
1.8
S.S
17.8
8.3
7.9
Sep
S.8
S.8
-1.2
1.8
S.6
16.1
10.7
10 S
Oct
6.2
6.2
-0.6
1.7
7.3
13.6
I2.0
117
Nov
6.3
S.9
- 0.6
1.7
8.6
10.4
13.3
10.0
Dec
6.4
4.6
- 2.8
I.1
8.6
8.3
1 1.9
9.0
1978 Jan
6.4
2.9
- 6.1
0.9
6.6
6.7
10.7
7 8
Feb
7.0
1.9
- 6.S
- 0.1
S.7
6.S
6.9
7.4
Mar
7.2
1.7
- 4.7
- 0.9
S.S
6.1
4.6
S.9
Apr
7.6
2.4
- 1.9
- 1.3
7.0
6.6
0.4
8.0
May
7.S
3.0
- 0.4
- 0.2
7.1
6.4
1.4
7.3
Jun
7.9
4.3
O.S
I.1
8.8
6.S
3.7
8.8
Jul
7.9
4.9
- 0.2
2.2
10.1
6.9
8.8
S.6
Aug
8.0
S.S
-3.3
2.4
13.1
8.7
10.8
8.7
Sep
7.6
S.7
- S.9
2.8
13.5
10.3
12.6
10 9
Oct
8.0
6.4
-6.8
2.9
13.6
10.9
13.0
18.1
Nov
9.0
7.4
- 4.4
3.7
12.5
9.7
14.4
21.0
Dec
10.3
7.9
- 2.4
3.7
11.7
9.0
14.4
22.8
' Seasonally adjusted at an annual rate. Three-month average
compared with previous three months.
: Weighted average.
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OECD
640.7
680.6
714.4
735.6
741.9
747.8
752.7
758.5
763.5
United States
180.7
194.3
204.9
210.4
211.9
213.6
215.1
216.8
218.5
Australia
10.3
11..-5
12.7
13.4
13.6
13.8
13.9
14.1
14.2
Austria
7.0
7.2
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
Canada
17.9
19.7
21.3
22.1
22.4
22.7
23.0
23.3
23.5
Finland
4.4
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
Greece
8.3
8.6
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.2
9.3
Iceland
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Japan
94.1
98.9
104.3
108.7
110.2
111.6
112.8
113.9
114.9
New Zealand
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
Norway
3.6
3.7
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.1
Portugal
8.6
8:8
8.6
8.6
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.9
9.0
Spain
30.5
32.1
33.8
34.9
35.2
35.8
36.2
36.7
37.1
Sweden
7.5
7.7
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.3
8.3
Switaerland
5.4
6.0
6.2
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.5
6.5
6.3
Turkey
27.5
31.2
35.3
38.0
38.9
40.0
41.0
42.1
43.1
European Community
232.3
243.5
251.6
256.7
257.8
258.4
258.7
259.2
259.7
Belgium
9.2
9.5
9.7
9.7
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
Denmark
4.6
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
France
45.7
48.8
50.8
52.2
52.5
52.7
52.9
53.1
53.3
Ireland
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.2
Italy
50.3
52.0
53.7
54.9
55.4
55.8
56.2
56.4
56.7
Luxembourg
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
Netherlands
11.5
12.3
13.0
13.4
13.5
13.7
13.8
13.9
13.9
United Kingdom
52.6
54.4
55.5
56.0
56.1
56.0
56.0
55.9
55.9
West Germany'
55.4
58.7
60.7
62.0
62.0
61.8
61.5
61.4
61.3
Less Developed Countries
Brazil
72.2
83.5
96.8
105.4.
108.4
111.4
114.5
117.7
121.0
Egypt
25.9
29.4
33.0
35.2
36.0
36.9
37.8
38.8
39.9
India
445.9
494.9
553.6
592.0
605.1
616.6
629.8
643.0
656.4
Indonesia
100.7
112.3
122.7
131.1
133.8
136.6
139.3
142.2
145.1
Mexico
36.2
42.6
50.1
55.4
57.0
58.7
60.6
62.4
64.3
Philippines
27.9
.32.4
37.5
40.7
41.8
42.8
43.8
44.9
45.9
South Korea
25.1
29.1
33.0
35.4
36.1
36.8
37.5
38.2
38.9
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50
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' Including data for West Beriin.~~~
~9~~ ~ ~.~
ILLEGIB
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'Unless otherwise indicated, data include the armed forces and and Civilian Employment in the USSR, by Stephen Rapawy,
the unemployed. Foreign Economic Report No. 10, US Department of Commerce,
Annual averages of monthly data. September 1976, p. 19.
Data are as of the end of the year. b Excluding the armed forces and South Vietnam prior to 1976.
New series beginning in 1977. 'Excluding those employed abroad and the armed forces.
' Data are from Estimates and Projections 4f the Labor Force
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 . ~ - t t l l l l t l l l l
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Million Persons at Midyear
United States'
7.06
5.61
4.52
4.34
4.39
4.34
4.37
4.15
3.92
Canada'
0.68
0.59
0.51
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.47
0.46
0.47
Japan'
12.70
10.50
8.40
6.60
6.63
6.20
6.00
5.90
N.A.
Communist Countries
USSR and Eastern Europe
66.3
58.6
55.0
52.4
51.5
50.6
49.8
49.0
48.1
USSR'
45.44
40.04 ~
37.50
35.91
35.38
34.85
34.32
33.79
33.25
Eastern. Europe
20.8
18.6
17.5
16.4
16.1
15.8
15.4
15.2
14.8
Bulgaria
2.49
1.93
1.64
1.49
1.44
1.40
1.36
1.32
1.27
Czechoslovakia
1.68
1.48
1.29
1.18
1.16
1.14
1.13
1.12
1.12
East Germany
1.56
1.38
1.08
1.00
0.97
0.93
0.90
0.88
0.86
Hungary
1.83
1.42
1.26
1.17
1.12
1.09
1.07
1.05
1.02
Poland
6.66
6.39
6.32
6.19
6.14 ~
6.09
6.05
6.00
5.94
Romania
6.62
5.97
5.87
5.41
5.25
5.10
4.94
4.79
4.64
Far East
Vietnam'
6.50
6.75
7.65
8.30
8.50
8.70
15.40
16.25
16.73
Other
' Excluding the armed forces.
Z Data are for civilian employment and are based on data
published by the US Department of Agriculture.
' Data are as of the end of the year.
' Data are from Estimates and Protections of the Labor Force
STAT
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Nonagricultural Labor Force '
United States:
60.32
66.73
75.16
80.96
82.44
81.40
84.19
87.30
91.03
Canada'
5.30
6.47
7.41
8.33
8.71
8.80
9.01
9.18
9.50
Japan'
31.63
36.84
42.52
46.01
46.07
46.05
46.70
49.53
N.A.
European Community
N.A.
87.5
90.7
92.8
93.3
92.4
92.5
93.3
93.6
France
N.A.
16.08
17.49
18.38
18.65
18.41
18.61
19.15
N.A.
Italy `
N.A.
13.92
14.90
15.12
16.44
16.81
17.29
18.73
18.95
United Kingdom
N.A.
23.84
23.59
23.89
24.03
23.93
23.76
23.89
23.90
West Germany
N.A.
23.54
23.91
24.25
23.81
23.50
23.35
23.37
23.50
Communist Countries
USSR and Eastern Europe
92.0
108
124
134
138
141
145
148
151
USSR'
64.70
76.46
88.11
95.70
98.22
100.92
103.67
106.36
108.49
Eastern Europe
27.3
31.1
35.9
38.7
39.6
40.4
41.2
41.9
42.6
Bulgaria
1.93
2.34
2.91
3.15
3.20
3.27
3.32
3.38
3.45
Czechoslovakia
4.71
5.30
5.74
6.12
6.20
6.30
6.36
6.40
6.45
East Germany
6.95
7.00
7.46
7.63
7.70
7.78
7.85
7.93
8.00
Hungary
2.90
3.35
3.75
4.00
4.09
4.13
4.16
4.19
4.21
Poland
7.47
8.82
10.57
11.51
11.85
12.19
12.51
12.84
13.15
Romania
3.37
4.31
5.49
6.28
6.52
6.76
6.98
7.18
7.38
' Unless otherwise indicated, data include the armed forces.
' Civilian employment. The data are annual averages of monthly
data that exclude the armed forces.
' Data are as of the end of the year.
' New series beginning in 1977.
' Data are from Estimates and Projections oI the Labor Force
and Civilian Employment in the USSR, by Stephen Rapawy,
Foreign Economic Report No. 10, US Department of Commerce,
September 1976, p. 19.
b Excluding the armed forces and including South Vietnam, prior
to 1976.
' Excluding those employed abroad and the armed forces.
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'Including employment in manufacturing, mining, and electric
power.
: Data are as of the end of the year.
' New series beginning in 1977.
' Including South Vietnam beginning in 1976.
55
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i
J
'Data adjusted to US concepts.
z Excluding Northern Ireland.
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Big Seven: Unemployment Rates, by Month
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Table 36 (continued)
Big Seven: Unemployment Rates, by Month
United States
Big Six
Foreign
Countries'
Japan
West Germany
France
United Kingdom
Italy
Canada
1977 Jan
7.4
4.0
1.8
4.4
4.S
S.7
6.8
7.6
Feb
7.6
4.1
1.9
4.4
4.6
S.6
6.8
7.9
Mar
7.4
4.1
1.9
4.4
4.7
S.6
6.6
8.0
Apr
7.1
4.2
1.9
4.S
4.7
S.6
6.6
8.1
May
7.1
4.2
2.1
4.6
4.9
S.6
6.6
7.8
Jun
7.1
4.3
2.2
4.6,
S.0
S.7
7.7
7.9
Jul
6.9
4.4
2.2
4.7
S.2
S.9
7.7
8.1
Aug
7.0
4.4
2.1
4.6
S.4
6.0
7.7
8.2
Sep
6.8
4.4
2.0
4.6
S.2
6.0
7.4
8.2
Oct
6.8
4.3
2.0
4.6
S.0
6.0
7.4
8.3
_
Nov
6.7
4.3
2.1
4.6
4.9
6.0
7.4
8.4
Dec
6.4
4.3
2.1
4.S
4.8
6.0
7.1
8.S
1978 Jan
6.3
4.2
2.1
4.4
4.7
S.9
7.1
8.3
Feb
6.1
4.3
2.1
4.S
4.8
S.9
7.1
8.3
Mar
6.2
4.4
2.1
4.S
S.0
S.9
6.8
8.6
Apr
6.0
4.4
2.2
4.4
S.0
S.8
6.8
8.S
May
6.1
4.4
2.3
4.4
S.2
S.7
6.8
8.S
Jun
S.7
4.4
2.3
4.4
S.4
S.7
7.S
8.S
Jul
6.2
4.4
2.3
4.3
S.6
S.7
7.S
8.3
Aug
5.9
4.S
2.3
4.3
S.7
S.8
7.S
8.4
Sep
6.0
4.S
2.4
4.3
S.6
S.8
7.S
8.S
Oct
S.8
4.4
2.3
4.3
S.6
S.7
7.S
8.2
Nov
5.8
4.4
2.3
4.2
S.S
S.6
7.S
8.2
Dec
S.9
4:4
2.3
4.1
S.7
S.S
7.6
8.1
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Foreign Trade Exchange Rates of the Communist Countries '
Bulgaria
Lev
1.17
1.08
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.95
0.90
Czechoslovakia
Koruna
7.20
6.63
5.84
5.84
5.58
5.77
5.64
5.46
East Germany
Z
Deutsche mark East
4.20
3.87
3.48
3.48
3.48
3.48
3.48
3.48
Hungary'
Forint
11.74
10.81
9.50
9.15
8.57
41.56
40.96
37.09
Poland
Zloty
4.00
3.68
3.32
3.32
3.32
3.32
3.32
3.32
Romania
Leu
6.00
5.53
4.97
4.97
4.97
4.97
- 4.97
4.47
Far East
China
Yuan
2.38
2.24
1.98
1.95
1.86
1.93
1.85
1.67
North Korea'
Won
2.36
2.36
2.06
2.15
2.02
2.02
2.02
2.02
Vietnam
Dong
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2.30
2.54
Other
Albania
Lek
5.00
4.61
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
Cuba
Peso
1.00
0.92
0.83
0.84
0.81
0.83
0.82
0.76
Mongolia
Tugrik
N.A.
N.A.
3.31
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3.30
3.11
Yugoslavia
Dinar
14.96
17.00
16.19
15.91
17.39
18.19
18.30
18.64
' Average exchange rate for the year. Some countries also have foreign trade transactions. The official rate is 2.05 deutsche marks
special exchange rates for noncommercial transactions, such as to the dollar.
diplomatic, tourist, and student expenditures and for personal 'Since January 1976, Hungary has expressed the value of its
remittances. foreign trade in domestic forints rather than diviza forints.
Z The unofficial rates actually used in East German accounting of `End of year rate.
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 ~ t l t l ~ i t
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Soviet Economic
Performance
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USSR: Percent Distribution of Gross National
Product at Factor Cost,' by End Use
Total
100
100
100
100
1011
100
100
100
100
Consumption'
60
57
57
56
56
57
56
56
56
InvestSnent
21
24
25
27
27
28
30
30
31
New fixed `
18
20
21
22
22
23
24
24
25
~~ns9; ministration,
R&D,
inventory
13
change, net exports, and outlays, n.e.c.
19
19
17
18
17
15
14
14
' Because of the well-known difficulties in using Soviet estab-
lished prices as a measure of resource burden, the shares of GNP in
this table are based on GNP at factor cost. In calculating GNP at
factor cost, 1970 end-use weights have been revised from an
established price basis to a factor cost basis by subtracting turnover
taxes and profits and adding implicit amortization and capital
charges and subsidies. These revised weights are then moved over
time by indexes of the various end uses in constant prices.
Preliminary.
'Including consumption of food, soft goods, durables, personal
services, and personal and government outlays for education and health.
`Including machinery and equipment, construction and other
capital outlays, and net additions to livestock.
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USSR: Gross Fixed Capital Investment, by
Function and by Sector'
Total investment
By function'
Construction and installation
29.1
35.5
49.9
59.1
62.3
66.2
67.0
68.4
69.7:
Equipment
10.0
16.9
24.4
29.9
32.9
37.1
40.7
43.0
47.4'
Other capital outlays
2.2
3.6
6.3
8.0
8.8
9.6
10.3
10.9
11.6'
By sector
Industry
14.86'
20.63
28.66
34.11
36.56
39.85
41.76
43.63
N.A.
Ferrous metallurgy
1.39
1.78
2.02
2.76
2.95
2.80
2.91
3.04
N.A.
Chemicals and petrochemicals
1.03
2.16
2.40
3.05
3.47
3.79
3.98
4.46
N.A.
Fuels and power
4.29
6.50
8.04
9.52
10.15
10.94
11.42
12.22
N.A.
Machine building and metalworking
2.04
3.11
5.96
7.14
7.86
9.41
9.97
10.35
N.A.
Construction materials
1.18
1.01
1.67
1.91
1.88
1.86
1.88
2.03
/N.A.
Consumer goods
2.00
2.43
3.50
4.07
4.29
4.54
4.77
4.62 ~
N.A.
Other'
2.93
3.64
5.07
5.66
5.96
6.51
6.83
6.91
~
N.A.
Construction industry
1.14
1.46
2.91
3.55
3.73
4.25
4.86
4.72
N.A.
Transport and communications
3.83
5.40
7.61
10.10
11.02
12.17
12.81
13.26
N.A.
Agriculture
5.44
9.47
14.27
19.85
21.58
23.29
24.27
25.05
25.8
Housing
9.40
9.59
13.36
15.05
15.50
16.26
16.50
17.01
N A
Services
6.63 b
_ 9.45
13.81
14.30
15.50
17.07
17.78
18.61
N.A.
' The construction portion of gross fixed investment is reported in
standard project costs ("estimate prices" in Soviet terminology) of
1 January 1976. Investment in machinery and equipment is in
wholesale prices of 1 January 1973. Other capital outlays are for
surveys, designs, technical documentation, and the like. Their
valuation in investment statistics has never been described in Soviet
sources. Before 1976, Soviet statistical publications reported invest-
ment in prices of I January 1969.Official Soviet price indexes show
only small changes in construction costs and equipment prices
between 1969 and 1976. The USSR has yet to release figures in
1976 prices for total investment in 1960, and for investment by
sector in 1960, 1965, 1973, and 1974. Data for these years in 1969
prices were converted to 1976 prices by comparing investment in
old and new prices for those years where data are available in both
sets of prices. This table is not comparable to earlier versions
published in this Handbook before 1978.
' Preliminary.
' Expenditures for other capital outlays are estimated from the
share of these items in total investment in 1976 and 1977. Outlays
on equipment are calculated as a residual.
' Rounded to the nearest tenth of a billion rubles.
' Computed as a residual; includes investment in nonferrous
metallurgy, timber, paper, woodworking, and miscellaneous other
branches of industry.
Computed as a residual.
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USSR: Stock of Fixed Capital, by Sector'
Total capital stock'
397
601
860
1,083
1,167
1,256
1,345
1,438
1,540
Industry
101
168
255
326
355
385
416
447
479
Ferrous metallurgy
]0
17
25
32
35
38
41
43
N.A.
Chemicals and petrochemicals
5
14
23
30
33
36
39
42
N.A.
Fuels and power
32
48
78
96
103
113
122
131
N.A.
Machine building and metalworking
18
32
51
68
75
83
92
101
N.A.
Construction materials
6
10
14
19
21
22
24
25
N.A.
Consumer goods
14
23
32
41
44
47
51
55
N.A.
Nonferrous metals
5
9
13
16
18
19
20
22
N.A.
Timber, woodworking, and paper
6
9
13
16
18
19
20
21
N.A.
Other
5
6
6
8
8
8
7
7
N.A.
Construction industry
7
l2
22
30
33
35
39
43
47
Trade, public dining, material, technical supply
10
20
31
40
42
47
51
54
N.A.
Agriculture'
S3
77
106
139
154
167
180
195
211
Transport and communications
53
83
117
147
158
171
182
195
209
Housing
120
159
204
239
253
267
280
294
308
Services
53
82
125
162
172
184
197
210
N.A.
' The fixed capital series presented here is expressed in prices of
1973 with the value of stocks estimated as of 31 December of the
respective year.
' Preliminary.
'Including the value of basic herds.
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USSR: Aggregate Factor Productivity
' For computing average annual rates of growth, the base year is
the year prior to the stated period.
Z Based on indexes of GNP (1970 rubles), by sector of origin, at
factor cost.
' Inputs of manhours, capital, and land are combined using
weights of 55.8 percent, 41.2 percent, 3.0 percent, respectively, in a
Cobb-Douglas (linear homogeneous) production function. These
weights represent the distribution of labor costs (wages, other
income, and social insurance deductions), capital costs (depreci-
ation and a 20-percent charge on gross fixed capital, including
livestock), and land rent in 1970, the base year for all indexes
underlying the growth rate calculations.
' For computing the average annual rates of growth, the base
year is the year prior to the stated period.
'Inputs of manhours and capital are combined using weights of
52.4 percent and 47.6 percent, respectively, in aCobb-Douglas
(linear homogeneous) production function. These weights represent
the distribution of labor costs (wages and social insurance deduc-
tions) and capital costs (depreciation and a 20-percent charge on
gross fixed capital) in 1970, the base year for all indexes underlying
the growth rate calculations.
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'Based on CIA estimates rather than Soviet official series. The production are formed by combining the component branch indexes
latter are believed to contain an upward bias in rates of growth using 1970 value-added weights.
because of double-counting and disguised inflation. The branch :The base year is the year prior to the stated period. Rates of
indexes shown above are formed by combining a sample of products growth are derived from unrounded data.
in which intrabranch purchases have been excluded. The indexes 'Preliminary.
for industrial materials, consumer nondurables, and total industrial
 1 1 1 l 1 ~ 1 i i ! ~
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USSR: Hard Currency Balance of Payments
' Estimated.
' Including estimated receipts from arms sales, official transfers,
and net receipts from tourism and transportation.
' Estimated investment in Soviet banking operations in the West.
' Soviet drawings on Western credits and East European invest-
ment in construction of the Orenburg pipeline. Excludes borrowings
by the International Investment Bank and International Bank for
Economic Cooperation, which borrow on behalf of CE141A coun-
tries. The extent to which the USSR has borrowed (if at all) from
these CEMA banks is unknown.
s Net change in Soviet assets held with Western commercial
banks and in outstanding trade credits extended to finance Soviet
exports.
?Including infra-CEMA hard currency trade and other hard
currency payments.
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i
USSR: Estimated Drawings and Scheduled
Repayments on Western Credits'
Estimated
Drawings'
Repayments'
Interest'
Amount
Available to
Offset Trade
Deficit
Gross
Debt
Outstanding at
End of Year
1970
450
159
83
208
1,515
1971
511
223
135
153
1,803
1972
878
276
170
432
2,405
1973
1,679
338
332
1,009
3,746
1974
1,910
484
508
918
5,172
1975
6,132
730
804
4,598
10,574
1976
5,331
1,057
1,012
3,262
14,848
1977
2,182
1,305
1,140
-263
15,725
1978
2,958
1,459
1,769
-270
17,224
' Totals for 1970-78 reflect recent revision of Soviet debt 'Scheduled repayments on government-backed debt and known
estimates. repayments on medium-term commercial debt.
' Drawings on credits backed by Western government guarantees 'Interest payments on government-backed debt and on gross
and on commercial credits, which lack official guarantees. commercial debt.
r
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 i ~ _ ~
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USSR: State Budget
1965
1970 19
73
1978
1979
Revenues
1974
1975
1976
1977
Plan
Actual
Plan
102.32
156.70 18
7
78
201
32
Social sector
93.89
142.86 170
.
87
.
183
03
218.77
232.2
247.8
246.4
256.1
269.2
Turnover tax
38.66
49.38 59
.
14
.
63
47
199.09
211.3
225.7
223.4
233.1
244.9
Pa
me
t
f
.
.
66.61
70.7
74
6
76
y
n
s
rom profits
Taxes on enterprises and organizations
30.87
1
54
54.16 60
.03
64.43
69.71
70.6
.
78.4
.6
78.6
g2.7
77.5
87?g
81
1
Social insurance receipts
.
5.56
1.23 1
8.20 9
.51
75
1.47
10
41
1.46
1.5
1.6
1.6
.
Residual
.
.
11.06
12.2
13
0
68
Private sector
17.26
8 43
29.89 40
.44
43.25
50.25
56.3
.
581
.2
13.0
58.3
75.9
State ta
h
13.84 16
.91
18.29
19.68
20.9
22
1
22
9
xes on t
e population
State lo
7.70
12.74 15
.83
17.12
18.36
19.6
.
20
8
.
21
6
23.0
24.3
ans
0 18
0 47
0
.38
0.44
0
56
0
.
.
21.6
22?g
Local taxes and lottery revenue
Expenditures
0.55
0.63 0
.70
0.73
.
0 76
.6
0.7
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
Financin
th
i
101.62
154.60 183
.98
197.38
214.52
226.7
242
8
246
1
g
e nat
onal economy
Industry and construction
44.92
20
99
74.55 91.
33
99.68
110.70
118'5
.
129.8
.
125.7
255.7
136.0
268.9
144
4
Agriculture and procurement
.
6
77
30.53 36.
45
40.59
47.01
N.A.
N.A.
53.6
N.A.
.
61
4
Trans
t
d
.
12.37 15.
45
17.45
19.08
N.A.
N
A
20
.
por
an
communication
Trade
2.83
3.11 3.
59
4.14
4.96
N.A.
.
.
N
A
.3
6
3
N.A.
23.0
Munici
l
2.27
6.26 6.
80
3.71
4.43
N.A.
.
.
N
A
.
2
9
N.A.
7.0
pa
economy and housin
g
Other
4.23
7
83
6.46 7.
42
8.18
8.80
N.A.
?
?
N.A.
.
10.2
N.A.
N A
1 ?p
9 4
Social-Cult
l
.
15.82 21.
62
25.61
26.42
N.A.
N
A
32
4
ura
measures
Educati
i
38.16
55.94 67.
34
71.30
77.04
80.7
.
.
84
3
.
87
6
N.A.
42.6
on, sc
ence, and culture
Health
d
h
17.51
24.77 29.
81
31.57
32.79
33.8
.
N
A
.
36
1
89.6
91.3
an
p
ysical culture
Social
lf
6.67
9.28 10.
50
10.97
11.47
11.8
.
.
N
A
.
12
7
N.A.
37.9
we
are
Administ
ti
13.98
21.89 27.
03
28.76
32.78
35.1
.
.
N
A
.
38
8
N.A.
13.6
ra
on
Defense
1.28
12
78
1.66 ].g
5
1.92
2.01
2.1
.
.
2.2
.
2.1
N.A.
2.3
39.7
2
3
Loan se
i
.
17.85 17.8
5
17.65
17.43
17.4
17
2
17
2
.
rv
ce
Residual
0.10
0.10 0.1
0
1.10
1.10
1'3
.
I
3
.
I
3
17.2
17.2
Bud
et su
l
4.38
4.50 5.5
1
5.73
6.24
6.7
.
8
0
.
12
2
1.3
L3
g
rp
us
0.70
2.10 3.8
0
3.94
4.25
5.5
.
5.0
.
0.2
9.3
0.4
12 4
0.3
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USSR: Economic Plans
Electric power
(billion kilowatt hours)
Total coal Z
(million metric tons)
Crude oil'
(million metric tons)
Natural gas
(trillion cubic feet)
Crude steel
(million metric tons)
Pig iron
(million metric tons)
Mineral fertilizer' (Soviet statis-
tical reporting units)
(million metric tons)
1978 1979 1966-70
Actual Plan Actual
1,202 1,265 7.9
724 752
O~_
572 593'
Plastics and synthetic resins' 3,500 3,800
(thousand metric tons)
Manufacturing and construction
Passenger automobiles 1.312
(thousand units) 2,200
Trucks and buses 839
(thousand units)
Tractors 576 N.A.
(thousand units)
Television receivers
(million units)
Average Annual Rate of Growth'
(Percent)
1971-75 1971-75 1979 1976-80
Actual Plan Plan Plan
4.9 4.0 4.1 N.A. 3.6
5.4 3.7 4.1 N.A. 3.4
11.3 28.4
29.6
8.0
5.3 3.7 4.6 N.A. 1.4
(million units)
Cement 127 130 5.6
(million metric tons)
' The base year is the year prior to the stated period.
z Raw gross output.
'Including gas condensate.
'Including phosphate feeds and some materials used for tech-
nical purposes.
' Including resins used for the production of man-made fibers.
Revised plan. Original plan called for average annual increases
of 16.1 percent.
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 r
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Foreign Trade
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
Machinery
Agricultural machinery
Industrial machinery
Office machines and computers
Electrical machinery and apparatus
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles
Motor vehicle parts
Aircraft
Other transportation equipment
Miscellaneous manufactured goods
Clothing
Footwear
Scientific instruments
Televisions, radios, and phonographs
Other manufactured goods
Other
Imports
Agricultural commodities
Wheat
Rice
Other cereals
Oil seeds and nuts
Meat, fish, and dairy products
Fruits and vegetables
Sugar and honey
Tea, coffee, and cocoa
Other beverages
Tobacco
Other food preparations
Raw materials
Wood, lumber, and cork
Cotton
Textile fibers
Ores and metal scrap
Other materials
Fuels
Coal and coke
Crude petroleum
Refined petroleum
Gas and electricity
43,099
48,174
56,572
74,917
98,039
116,033
izi,i i~
I9Y,VJL
700
7
2,186
2,194
2,768
3,821
5,363
7,242
7,380
,
7
23,416
26,605
30,644
40,047
52,579
64,225
67,522
75,92
7
4,149
4,544
5,298
6,873
8,232
8,511
9,633
11,22
78
13,348
14,832
17,862
24,176
31,865
36,055
42,638
49,1
369
33,110
40,365
48,872
63,344
76,139
90,426
105,797
121,
960
14,035
17,748
20,561
26,064
30,520
37,385
45,441
53,
300
9,095
10,571
12,696
16,276
19,547
22,996
26,948
31,
553
4,641
5,384
5,819
7,445
9,205
10,340
11,383
11,
557
5,339
6,662
9,794
13,559
16,868
19,705
22,025
24,
042
21,477
24,651
30,310
38,950
47,158
51,104
59,790
71,
944
4,012
4,621
5,725
7,014
8,182
9,090
10,152
11,
172
4
1,444
1,705
2,050
2,289
2,734
3,209
3,506
,
089
5,305
5,974
7,170
9,457
11,955
13,102
15,012
18,
80
3,429
3,903
4,984
6,419
7,586
7,824
10,171
11,5
6
276
7
435
8
10,362
13,751
16,676
17,854
20,905
25,22
,
,
590
8
396
10
559
10
12,774
4,394
4,783
4,886
6,201
,
,
,
232,440
257,554
305,859
421,204
596,614
598,912
690,142
781,869
314
4
36,083
39,593
46,777
65,326
78,585
83,198
89,040
,
10
708
348
1
348
1
1,458
2,331
3,576
3,552
3,125
2,
,
,
461
407
473
553
127
144
159
276
416
973
4
551
5
5,812
9,827
12,542
12,417
13,676
14,
,
,
701
315
5
185
5
6,518
2,086
2,369
2,609
4,036
5,
,
,
191
_
9,560
11,000
14,545
19,853
18,909
20,939
24,091
26,
60
5,946
6,485
7,729
9,989
10,940
12,182
13,729
15,9
30
2,085
2,280
2,799
3,272
6,852
8,465
5,102
4,6
818
4,840
4,731
5,101
6,728
7,865
8,199
11,991
19,
667
4
1,882
2,076
2,579
3,597
3,618
3,947
_4,108
,
280
3
1,297
1,409
1,710
2,099
2,393
2,945
3,098
,
73
1,939
2,200
2,275
3,317
5,727
4,831
4,460
5,5
638
26,285
25,424
29,085
43,507
54,466
47,057
55,517
58,
152
7,298
7,232
8,598
13,721
16,606
13,219
16,907
18,
428
1,449
1,545
1,832
2,381
3,037
2,487
3,009
3,
494
2,866
2,623
3,629
5,894
5,232
4,303
5,632
5,
697
5
8,442
7,643
7,749
11,537
16,567
14,705
15,896
,
1
868
5
_
6,230
6,381
7,277
9,974
13,024
12,343
14,073
,
1
590
0
752
23
652
29
33,944
49,397
129,413
131,994
153,234
,
17
,
,
520
7
427
9
994
8
9,109
2
908
086
3
3,242
3,897
,
,
,
,
,
476
93
306
94
725
110
122,907
14,467
18,929
22,372
32,319
,
,
,
039
9
5,428
6,527
6,876
11,316
24,498
22,251
26,102
,
2
535
9
g24
986
1,320
1,667
3,386
5,498
7,413
,
633
15,748
17,241
20,652
28,547
43,575
39,501
47,615
53,
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
Table 49
ti
d
(con
nue
)
Selected Countries: ' Trade With
the World, by Commodity
M
illion US $
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
Semifinished goods
W
d
47,91
5 49,758
59,401
82,361
108
546
97
118
111
240
oo
manufactures
P
1,47
3 1,687
2,283
3,552
,
3
668
,
3
377
,
4
17
125,461
aper
T
i
4,23
8 4,640
5,487
7,227
,
10
780
,
9
537
,
4
11
1
4,791
ext
le fabric and yarn
I
d
8,448
9,861
11,820
16,341
,
19
141
,
17
504
,
86
20
515
12,214
ron an
steel
N
f
11,254
11,299
13,014
17,494
,
26
138
,
23
543
,
_
24
5
22,284
on
errous metals
M
t
l
'
10,533
8,667
9,863
14,434
,
20
974
,
14
606
,
22
17
585
26,122
e
a
manufactures
Di
4,504
5,032
5,957
8,024
,
10
541
,
10
890
,
12
01
19,727
amonds
O
h
2,211
2,613
3,400
5,038
,
5
042
,
5
125
,
8
6
565
14,009
t
er semifinished products
M
hi
5,255
5,959
7,577
10,229
,
12
263
,
12
536
,
14
67
9,333
ac
nery
A
i
32,442
35,676
42,088
56,399
,
70
919
,
75
967
,
5
83
40
16,981
gr
cultural machinery
I
d
1,487
1,511
2,041
2,901
,
3
953
,
4
795
,
2
5
24
94,167
n
ustrial machinery
Offi
16,532
18,425
21,119
27,289
,
33
867
,
36
495
,
6
38
039
5,920
ce machines and computers
El
4,028
4,401
5,082
6,567
,
8
086
,
8
504
,
9
569
42,296
ectrical machinery and apparatus
T
10,395
11,339
13,845
19,642
,
25
013
,
26
172
,
30
549
11,034
ransportation equipment
M
25,594
31,365
37,748
48,441
,
53
526
,
60
771
,
74
994
34,917
otor vehicles
M
11,097
14,332
17,343
21,223
,
23
077
,
26
441
,
33
894
88,759
otor vehicle parts
Ai
f
7,700
9,031
11,263
14,691
,
16
491
,
18
922
,
23
952
40,802
rcra
t
O
h
3,571
3,839
4,206
5,920
,
6
381
,
6
586
,
6
16
28,054
t
er transportation equipment
Mi
l
3,227
4,163
4,936
6,607
,
7
576
,
8
822
,
1
10
98
6,883
sce
laneous manufactured goods
Cl
21,270
24,680
31,915
42,531
,
51
799
,
55
515
,
7
67
26
13,021
othing
F
4,914
5,985
7,900
10,569
,
12
939
,
14
460
,
0
17
919
78,328
ootwear
S
i
1,500
1,868
2,300
2,841
,
3
505
,
3
973
,
4
84
20,248
c
entific instruments
T
l
i
4,268
4,748
5,786
7,819
,
9
596
,
10
588
,
3
12
380
5,728
e
ev
sions, radios, and phonographs
O
h
3,046
3,570
4,872
6,428
,
7
546
,
7
895
,
10
0
14,506
t
er manufactured goods
Oth
7,544
8,507
11,057
14,874
,
18
212
,
18
599
,
61
22
039
11,336
er
3,342
4,162
4,246
4
661
,
5
781
,
7
786
,
26,511
' Data are not comparable with those
d i
,
,
,
7,836
7,967
presente
n the previous
edition of the Handbook because of an increase in the number of
reporting countries presented in the United Nations Commodity
Statistics. The countries include the Unified States, Canada, Japan,
West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands,
Belgium-Luxembourg, Italy, Denmark, Ireland, Sweden, Switzer-
land, Austria, Norway, Finland, Spain, Hong Kong, Singapore,
South Korea, Brazil, Australia, Greece, and Portugal.
~ Not elsewhere specified.
C [_ _ Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
 Exports by Selected Non-Communist Countries'
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
{ ~ 1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
i
Table 50 (continued)
Exports by Selected Non-Communist Countries '
1960 1965 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
uuuincs ~connnuea)
P
eru 435
Philippines
667
1,048
893
944
1,049
1,520
1,295
1,243
1,564
N
A
623
Saudi Arabia
697
1,013
1,096
1,096
1,824
2,730
2,263
2,513
3,094
.
.
3
333
891
Singapore 1
1,396
2,358
3,447
4,516
7,693
31,200
27,996
36,437
41,210
,
37
935
,136
South Africa'
981
1,554
1,763
2,191
3,667
5,810
5,376
6,585
8,241
,
10
134
1,995
South Korea
2,585
3,355
3,509
4,197
6,114
8,760
8,959
7,976
9,987
,
12
825
33
Taiwan
175
835
1,068
1,624
3,225
4,460
5,081
7,715
10,047
,
12
711
164
Thailand 4
450
1,428
1,998-
2,914
4,375
5,517
5,301
8,155
9,349
,
12
682
11
Venezuela
622
710
831
1,081
1,564
2,444
2,208
2,980
3
490
,
4
083
2,305
Zaire 48
2,428
2,599
3,086
3,126
4,891
10,834
8,800
9,299
,
9,548
,
9
126
0
Zambia
306
796
687
692
1,004
1,295
865
904
988
,
N
A
577
' Exports are f.o.b.
533
1,001
'679
758
1,147
1,407
810
1,040
898
.
.
N.A.
' Excluding Department of Defense shipments.
'
Including data
Namibia.
for Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, and
~ ~ ~ ~ ~, ~ C Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
 Imports by Selected Non-Communist Countries'
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
l i ~
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
Table 51 (continued)
Imports by Selected Non-Communist Countries '
1960
1965
1970
1971 1972 1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
Other Countries (continued)
Peru 377
719
606
739 791 1,019
1
531
2
551
2
035
9
Philippines 714
893
1,199
1,323 1,413 1,798
,
3
469
,
3
742
,
3
938
1,
11
4
N.A.
Saudi Arabia
234
506
711
818 1,136 1,977
,
2
860
,
4
214
,
8
695
,267
14
5,167
Singapore
'
1,332
1,244
2,46.1
2,843 3,398 5,147
,
8
380
,
8
133
,
9
070
,656
10
24,148
South Africa
1,629
2,563
3,843
4,364 3,948 5,163
,
7
856
,
8
293
,
7
285
,471
6
13,049
South Korea
344
463
1,984
2,394 2,522 4,240
,
6
852
,
7
274
,
8
774
,270
10
8
7,614
Taiwan
297
558
1,528
1,849 2,518 3,792
,
6
984
,
5
960
,
7
609
,
11
8
5
14,972
Thailand
V
447
742
1,299
1,288 1,484 2,049
,
3
143
,
3
280
,
3
572
,
22
4
6
11,051
enezuela
1,289
1,518
1,965
2,279 2,411 2,810
,
4
191
,
6
031
,
7
474
,
16
10
3
5,364
Zaire
235
292
536
619 625 754
,
1
051
,
905
,
668
,
53
6
9,957
Zambia
495
341
559
652 677 663
,
985
1
138
09
N.A.
'Imports are c.i.f.
,
798
828
N A
Z Including data for Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, and
Namibia.
( 7 C ~ ~ [ Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/29 :CIA-RDP07-006178000200260001-2
 ~- - ~ ~ ( -