HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON EDUCATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND PUBLIC WELFARE UNITED STATES SENATE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP05S00620R000200490014-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 250
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 4, 2009
• Sequence Number: 14
• Publication Date: January 29, 1970
• Content Type: REPORT

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U.S. FOREIGN SERVICE CORPS
AD" Si~-
HEARING
SUBCOMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
COMMITTEE ON
LABOR AND PUBLIC WELFARE
UNITED STATES SENATE
NINETY-FIRST CONGRESS
SECOND SESSION
ON
S. 939
TO AMEND THE HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1965 IN
ORDER TO PROVIDE FOR A UNITED STATES FOREIGN
SERVICE CORPS
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
43-5540 WASHINGTON : 1970
STAT
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COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND PUBLIC WELFARE
11ALPH YARBOROUGH, Texas, Chairman
JENNINGS RANDOLPH, West Virginia
HARRISON A. WILLIAMS, JR., New Jersey
CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island
EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts
GAYLORD NELSON, Wisconsin
WALTER F. MONDALE, Minnesota
THOMAS F. EAGLETON, Missouri
ALAN CRANSTON, California
HAROLD E. HUGHES, Iowa
JACOB K. JAVITS, New York
WINSTON L. PROUTY, Vermont
PETER H. DOMINICK, Colorado
GEORGE MURPHY, California
RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER, Pennsylvania
WILLIAM B. SAXBE, Ohio
RALPH TYLER SMITH, Illinois
ROBERT O. HARRIS, Staff Director
JOHN S. FORSYTHE, General Counsel
Roy H. MILLENSON, Minority Staff Director
EUGENE MITTELMAN, Minority Counsel
SUBCOMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island, Chairman
RALPH YARBOROUGH, Texas WINSTON L. PROUTY, Vermont
JENNINGS RANDOLPH, West Virginia JACOB K. JAVITS, New York
HARRISON A. WILLIAMS, JR., New Jersey PETER H. DOMINICK, Colorado
EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts GEORGE MURPHY, California
WALTER F. MONDALE, Minnesota RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER, Pennsylvania
THOMAS F. EAGLETON, Missouri
STEPHEN J. WEXLER, Counsel
RICHARD D. SMITH, Associate Counsel
Roy H. MILLENSON, Minority Staff Member
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CONTENTS
Text of- Page
S. 939, the U.S. Foreign Service Corps_____'______________________ 2
Section-by-section analysis______________________________________ 22
Departmental reports on S. 939, from:
Bureau of the Budget______________________________________ 24
Civil Service Commission___________________________________ 25
General Accounting Office ---------------------------------- 26
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare--------------- 27
Department of State_______________________________________ 28
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WITNESSES
JANUARY 29, 1970
Dominick, Hon. Peter H., a U.S. Senator from the State of Colorado____ 1
Mace, Howard, Deputy Director General, Foreign Service; accompanied
by Joseph Toner, Director of Personnel and Manpower, AID, and Dr.
George Hildebrand, Deputy Under Secretary for International Affairs,
Department of Labor____________________________________________ 56
Grassmuck, Dr. George, Special Assistant to the Secretary for Inter-
national Affairs, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare----- 79
Wilcox, Dr. Francis, dean, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced Inter-
national Studies, representing the American Council on Education-__ 87
Tanter, Raymond, professor, Department of Political Science, University
of Michigan----------------------------------------------------- 94
Gereau, Mrs. Mary Condon, legislative consultant, National Education
Association, on behalf of Dr. John M. Lumley Assistant Executive
Secretary, Legislation and Federal Relations, National' Education Association__ 102
Knoll, Dr. Samson, dean of faculty, Monterey Institute of Foreign Studies,
Monterey, Calif------------------------------------------------- 106
Hart, Ambassador Parker, president, Middle East Institute, Washington,
D.C., and former Director, Foreign Service Institute --------------- 115
Allen, Ambassador George, president, Diplomatic and Consular Officers,
Retired, Inc., Washington, D.C., and former Director, Foreign Service
Institute------------------------------------------------------- 122
Zogby, Ghosn J., vice president, Foreign Service Research, Inc., Washing-
ton, D.C-------------------------------------- =---------------- 127
Davis, Dr. Vincent, visiting research associate, Princeton Center for
International Studies, and executive director, International Studies
Association----------------------------------------------------- 130
Allen, Ambassador George, president, Diplomatic and Consular Officers,
Retired, Inc., Washington, D.C., and former Director, Foreign Service
Institute------------------------------------------------------- 122
American Foreign Service Association, prepared statement-------------- 156
Davis, Dr. Vincent, visiting research associate, Princeton Center for
International Studies, and Executive Director, International Studies
Association----------------------------------------------------- 130
Dominick, Hon. Peter H., a U.S. Senator from the State of Colorado- _ _ _ 1
Gereau, Mrs. Mary Condon, legislative consultant, National Education
Association, on behalf of Dr. John M. Lumley, Assistant Executive
Secretary, Legislation and Federal Relations, National Education
Association----------------------------------------------------- 102
Grassmuck, Dr. George, Special Assistant to the Secretary for International
Affairs, Department of Health, Education and Welfare_______________ 79
Prepared statement____________________________________________ 79
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Hart, Ambassador Parker, president, Middle East Institute, Washington, Page
D.C., and former director, Foreign Service Institute------------------ 115
Hildebrand, George H., Deputy Under Secretary of Labor for International
Affairs, prepared statement_______________________________________ 59
Knoll, Dr. Samson, dean of faculty, Monterey Institute of Foreign Studies,
Monterey, Calif------------------------------------------------- 106
Prepared statement____________________________________________ 106
Mace, Howard, Deputy Director General, Foreign Service; accompanied by .
Joseph Toner, Director of Personnel and Manpower, AID, and Dr.
George Hildebrand, Deputy Undersecretary for International Affairs,
Department of Labor____________________________________________ 56
Tanter, Raymond, professor, Department of Political Science, University
of Michigan---------------------------------------------------- 94
Prepared statement____________________________________________ 95
Wilcox, Dr. Francis, dean, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International
studies, representing the American Council on Education------------- 87
Prepared statement____________________________________________ 88
Zogby, Ghosn J., vice president, Foreign Service Research, Inc., Washing-
ton, D.C-------=----------------------------------------------- 127
Communications to-
Dominick, Hon. Peter H., U.S. Senator from the State of Colorado,
from:
Bailey, Stephen K., chairman, Policy Institute, Syracuse Uni-
versity Research Corp----------------------------------- 146
Brown, Harrison, foreign secretary, National Academy of Sci-
ences--------------------------------------------------- 147
Mosely, Philip E., director and associate dean, Faculty of Inter-
national Affairs, Columbia University---------------------- 150
Simpson, Smith, Annandale, Va----------------------------- 150
Van Wagenen, Richard W., Chief of Training (Personnel Divi-
sion), World Bank_______________________________________ 150
Cefkin, Prof. J. Leo, and Foss, Phillip 0., chairman, Department
of Political Science, Colorado State University-------------- 151
Burke, Arleigh, Washington, D.C---------------------------- 151
Millard, Richard M., director, Higher Education Services, Edu-
cation Commission of the States___________________________ 152
Langer, William, professor of history, Harvard University, and
former member, advisory board, Foreign Service Institute---- 153
Fulton, Richard, executive director, United Business Schools
Association--------------------=------------------------ 153
Hullinghorst, Robert S., director, resource development program,
Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education-------- 154
Glennan, T. Keith, assistant to the chairman, Urban Coalition,
Washington, D.C---------------------------------------- 154
Black, Cyril E., director, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and
International Affairs, Center of International Studies, Princeton
University---------------------------------------------- 154
Mosher, Frederick C., Prof., University of Virginia------------ 155
Bray, Charles W., III, chairman of the board, American Foreign
Service Association______________________________________ 156
Rheault, Andre E., director, Washington Office, Education and
World Affairs------------------------------------------- 157
Allen, Ambassador George V., president, Diplomatic and Consular
Officers, Retired,Inc ------------------------------------- 158
Whedbee, Robert E., director, Office of International Programs,
Colorado State University________________________________ 158
Dulles, Allen W., Washington, D.C-------------------------- 159
Department of Agriculture__________________________________ 163
Department of Commerce__________________________________ 165
Department of Defense_____________________________________ 166
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare--------------- 184
Department of Interior_____________________________________ 189
Department of Justice_____________________________________ 191
Department of Transportation______________________________ 192
Department of Treasury____________________________________ 193
U.S. Information Agency___________________________________ 198
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Communications to-Continued
Spelts, Richard J., Legislative Assistant to Senator Dominick, from: Page
George, Alexander, professor of political science, Stanford Uni- age
versity------------------------------------------------- 1159
59
Knight, Douglas M., president, Duke University --------------
Chowe, Stephen, Prof., Thunderbird Graduate School of Inter-
national Management, Phoenix, Ariz----------------------- 160
Goheen, Robert F., president, Princeton---------------------- 160
Tanter, Raymond, associate professor, Department of Political 161
Science, University of Michigan--------------------------
Miscellaneous-
Table I, Federal civilian employees serving overseas, by agency,
37
December 1969-------------------------------- ------- ----
Table II, accessions and separations of Federal civilian employees 38
overseas, by agency, for month of August 1969------------------
Table III, Federal civilian employees serving overseas, by country,
June 1968--------------------------------------------------- 39
Table IV-A, cost of commissioning cadets at each service academy, 55
fiscal year 1967---------------------------------------------- 55
Table IV-B, cost of commissioning cadets at Coast Guard Academy
and Merchant Marine Academy-------------------------- 56
Table V, capital investment, enrollment and operating cost at each
service academy, fiscal year 1968-------------
Memo, Federal departments and agencies with responsibilities in the
field of foreign affairs, prepared by the Legislative Reference Service, 204
Library of Congress-----------------------------------------
Statistical report, the Foreign Service officer's examination, Educa-
tional 142
Testing Service ---------__ _ -
Course enrollments, Foreign Service Institute, fiscal year 1969 ------- 70
Departments and agencies using Foreign Service Institute training 71
facilities, fiscal year 1969-------------------------------------
Instructional costs and tuition rates, Foreign Service Institute------ 72
Memo, Foreign Service Examination vs. Graduate Record Examina-
tion ------------------------------------------
Departmental agencies administering foreign programs------------- 77
Inservice training of overseas employees, Department of Health, 84
Education, and Welfare----------------------------------
Questions submitted by Senator Dominick to 9 Federal Government 162
departments and agencies-----------------------
Table, selected major agencies with U.S. citizens as civilian employees
in foreign countries, by function and amount of inservice training-_ 162
Table, selected major agencies with employees residing within United
States who are administering Government programs involving con- tinuing contact with foreign countries-------------------------- 162
Table, educational attainment prior to entry on duty-Foreign
Service officers and comparable Government appointees ----------- 75
Table, attrition rates of Foreign Service officers, 1960-1969 ---------- 76
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U.S. FOREIGN SERVICE CORPS
THURSDAY, JANUARY 29, 1970
U.S. SENATE,
SUBCOMMITTEE ON EDUCATION,
COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND PUBLIC WELFARE,
Washington, D.C.
The subcommittee met at 10 a.m., pursuant to call, in room 4232,
New Senate Office Building, Senator Claiborne Pell (chairman of
the subcommittee) presiding.
Present : Senators Pell, Javits, and Dominick.
Senate staff present: Stephen J. Wexler, counsel to the subcommit-
tee; Roy H. Millenson, minority counsel to the subcommittee; and
Richard J. Spelts, legislative assistant to Senator Dominick.
Senator PELL. The Subcommittee on Education will come to order.
Today, we will hear witnesses discussing their views on S. 939, a bill
to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965, in order to provide for
U.S. Foreign Service Corps, introduced by Senator Peter Dominick of
Colorado.
Due to our extensive witness list I will not go into the detail on the
bill at this time but look forward to hearing witnesses, not only as
the chairman of the subcommittee, but also as a member of the Foreign
Relations Committee. With such dual responsibility I have a com-
pletely open mind with regard to the bills.
Senator DOMINICK. Mr. Chairman, I would like to make an opening
statement.
Senator PELL. Certainly.
Senator DOMINICK. Mr. Chairman, we begin hearings this morning
on my bill, S. 939, a scholarship program called the Foreign Service
Corps.
First, I would like to say I am delighted to have the bill come before
the Education Subcommittee at a time when it is chaired by Senator
Pell. With your background as a State Department and Foreign Serv-
ice officer for 7 years, your very able assistance during consideration
of the merits of the proposal will be of benefit to us all.
I don't think it is necessary for me to go into detail concerning the
provisions of the bill. I will ask, however, that the text of the bill, a
section-by-section analysis, and the Department reports which have
been received be printed in the hearing record.
Senator PELL. Without objection, so ordered.
(The documents furnished follow:)
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91sT CONGRESS
1sT SEssIox
S*939
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
FEBRUARY 7,1969
Mr. DomiwicK introduced the following bill ; which was read twice and referred
to the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare
A BILL
To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 in order to provide
for a United States Foreign. Service Corps.
1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
3 That the Higher Education Act of 1965 is amended (1) by
4 redesignating title XII and sections 1201 through 1210,.
5 and all references thereto, as title XIII and sections 1301
6 through 1310, respectively, and (2) by inserting after title.
7 XI a new title as follows :
8 "TITLE XII-UNITED STATES FOREIGN SERVICE
9 CORPS
10 "ESTAELTSTTITEST OF CORPS
11 "SEC. 1201. The Congress recognizes that the world and
12 the universe are growing smaller in terms of time and space
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which necessitates now, and will demand in the future, con-
stant informed contact, knowledge and understanding among
'all the peoples-of the world in diplomatic, cultural,. and com-
mercial exchanges. The success of these exchanges and the
survival of the world may depend upon the ability, education,
training, and intelligence of the men and women charged with
responsibilities relating to the foreign relations of the United
States. To assure that there is adequate opportunity for the
young men and women of the United States to enter this vast
field with the best possible training of their natural abilities
and to advance the professional education and training of the
officers- and employees of the Government currently engaged
in the field of foreign relations, there is hereby established,
as provided in the succeeding provisions of this title, a Corps
to be known as the United States Foreign Service Corps
(hereafter in this title referred to as the `Corps') . The Corps
shall consist of all students admitted to the Corps under see-
tion 1205; and all officers and employees of the Government
admitted to the Corps under section 1207, who are enrolled in
a program of education, training, or research, or a course of
study, approved by the Board under section 1204.
"DEFINITIONS
"SEC. 1202. As used in this title-
(a.) `Government' means the Government of the
United States ; ?
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1 " (b) `non-Federal institution of higher education'
2 means an institution of higher education which is not
3 owned or substantially controlled by the Government of
4 the United States;
5 " (c) `Board' means the Board of Trustees of the
6 Corps;
7 "(d) `department or agency' means an executive
8 department, a military department, an independent
9 establishment, or a Government corporation as specified
10 in chapter 1 of title 5, United States Code;
11 "(e) `training niontli' means any month during
12 which a ineinber of the Corps admitted under section
13 1205 is taking at least the minimum level of credit hours
14 in a full-time course of study prescribed by the Board,
15 or is taking field training as assigned by the Board; and
16 " (f) `dependent', when used in relation to a de-
17 pendent of a member of the Corps admitted under sec-
18 tion 1205, means an individual who qualifies as a
19 dependent of such member under section 152 of the
20 Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended.
21 "BOARD OF TRUSTEES
22 "SEC. 1203. (a) -The management and supervision of
23 the Corps shall be vested in a Board of Trustees. The Board
24 shall develop and support, as provided hereinafter, programs
25 of education, training, and research in the field of foreign re-
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1 lations designed to prepare, or advance the qualifications of,
2 members of the Corps for service with the United -States in
3 positions or programs related to such field.
4 " (b) The Board shall consist of the Secretary of State,
5 four educators to be appointed by the President, two mem-
6 bers of the United States Senate to be appointed by the Vice
7 President, and two members of the House of Representa-
8 tives to be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Repre-
9 sentatives. Not more than one of the trustees appointed from
10 the Senate nor one of the trustees appointed from the House
11 of Representatives shall be of the same political party.
" (c) (1) The term of each member of the Board ap-
13 pointed from the Senate and the House of Representatives
14 shall be two years.
15 " (2) The term of each member of the Board appointed
16 by the President shall be four years; except that of the first
17 four persons appointed by the President two shall be desig-
18 nated to serve for two years and two shall be designated to
19 serve for four years.
20 " (3) Members of the Board shall be eligible for re-
21 appointment.
22 " (d) Vacancies created by death or resignation shall be
23 filled in the same manner in which the original appointment
24 was made, except that the person appointed to fill the
25 vacancy shall be appointed only for the unexpired term of
26 the trustee whom he shall succeed.
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" (e) Members of the Board shall serve without pay,
but shall be entitled to reimbursement for travel, subsistence,
and other necessary expenses incurred in the performance of
their duties.
"ESTABLISHMENT OF CORPS PROGRAMS
"SEC. 1204. (a) In order to carry out the purposes of
this title, the Board is authorized and directed to make ar-
rangements with qualified non-Federal institutions of higher
education providing for the admission of qualified members of
the Corps to such institutions for their enrollment in pro-
grams operated by and at such institutions which are
designed, to-
" (1) enable qualified students who are admitted to
the Corps pursuant to section 1205 to pursue full-time
courses of study approved by the Board relating to the
field of foreign relations and leading to the granting of
an undergraduate or graduate degree;
" (2) enable qualified officers and employees of the
Government having duties or responsibilities in the field
of foreign relations who are admitted to the Corps pur-
suant to section 1207 to pursue, on a voluntary basis and
on such terms and conditions as the Board may pre-
scribe, professional education, training and research ac-
tivities approved by the Board relating to the field of
foreign relations, including selected subjects from a gen-
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~- eral curriculum, or to pursue full-time courses of study
2 approved by the Board relating to the field of foreign
relati6ris and leading to an''nndergraduate' or graduate
4 degree; and
enable selected members of the Corps to en-
6 gage in research activities approved by the Board relat-
7 ing to the field of foreign relations.
ti In addition, such arrangements shall provide for a. programs
9 of appropriate orientation and language training by and at
10 such institatious, for members of the faunilies of persons ad-
11 witted to the Corps or of officers, said employees of the Gov-
12 ernment who are not naeinbers of the Corps, but have duties
13 or responsibilities in the field of foreign relations, in a ntiei-
14 patios of, or on account of, tlue assignment of such members
15 of the Corps or officers -or employees of the Government to
a foreign country or area.
(b) In carrying out its functiorns under subsection
(a) , the Board shall not enter into any arrangement with
a non-Federal institution of higher education unless such
arrangement provides that such institution will offer to mem-
bers of the Corps, as a part of its curriculum, courses of study
or activities of education, training, or research in the field
of foreign relations approved by the Board as satisfactory of,
in order to prepare, or advance the qualifications of, inem-
hers of the Corps for service with the United States in posi-
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tions or programs related to the field of foreign relations.
"(c) The number of persons who may receive instruc-
tion and training under the various programs of the Corps
shall be determined by the Board; except that not more
than three thousand five hundred students may be admitted
under section 1205 as new members of the Corps in any
academic year for the purpose of pursuing courses of study
leading to an undergraduate degree, and not more than
fifteen hundred students may be admitted under section 1205
as new members of the Corps in any academic year for the
purpose of pursuing courses of study leading to a graduate
degree.
"NOMINATION AND ADMISSION OF STUDENTS INTO CORPS
"SEC. 1205. (a) The Board shall provide for the hold-
ing of annual competitive undergraduate and graduate exami-
nations to determine the admission of applicants into the
Corps from among students who are nominated pursuant to
subsection (c) . Such examinations shall test the intellectual
capacities and training of the applicant and his aptitude for
service in the field of foreign relations. The Board shall
develop such examinations in consultation with non-Federal
institutions of higher education with which it has made
arrangements under section 1204.
(b) Applicants for the annual undergraduate examina-
tion held by the Board shall be citizens of the United States
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22
23
24
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who are graduates of, or attending, a public secondary school
in, or any private secondary school accredited by, a State, or
a public or private secondary school in a foreign country
which in the judgment of the Board provides an educational
program for which it awards a certificate of graduation gen-
erally accepted as constituting the equivalent of that awarded
by secondary schools.accredited by a State. Applicants for
the annual graduate examination Held by the Board shall be
citizens of the United States who are graduates of, or attend-
ing, an institution of higher education in the United States or
of an institution of higher education in a foreign country
which provides an educational program for which it awards a
degree which in the judgment of the Board is generally
accepted as constituting the equivalent of a 1,acbelor's degree
awarded by similar institutions in the united States. No ap-
plicant shall be eligible to take any such examination, unless
lie has first been nominated pursuant to subsection (c) .
" (c) (1) A total of eight thousand' four hundred and
eighteen applicants shall be nominated each year to take the
annual competitive examinations held by the Board as
"(A) two hundred and twenty from the United
States at large as follows:
" (i) one hundred nominated by the President,
" (ii) sixty-six nominated by the Vice Presi-
dent, and
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1 "(iii) fifty-four nominated by the Secretary of
2 State;
3 " (B) thirty from each State, fifteen nominated by
4 each Senator from the State;
5 " (C) fifteen from each congressional district,
G nominated by the representative from the district;
7 " (D) three from each State nominated by the
8 Covernor of the State;
9 " (E) seven from the Commonwealth of Puerto
10 Rico nominated by the Resident Commissioner from
11 Puerto Rico;
12 " (F) ten from the District of Columbia, nominated
13 by the Commissioner of the District of Columbia;
14 " (G) three from the Virgin Islands, nominated by
15 the Governor of the Virgin Islands; and
16 " (11) three from the Canal Zone, nominated by
17 the Governor of the Canal Zone.
18 " (2) No person may be nominated tinder clauses (B)
19 through (G) , inclusive, of paragraph (1) unless such per-
20 son is domiciled in the State, or in the congressional dis-
21 trict, from which such person is nominated, or in the District
22 of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the
23 Virgin Islands if nominated from one of those places. To
24 be eligible for nomination by the Governor of the Canal
25 Zone, a person must be a resident of the Canal Zone, or a
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1. member of the family of a resident of the Canal Zone, or a
2 member of the family of a civilian officer or employee of
3 the United States or the Panama Canal Company residing
4 in the Republic of Panama.
5 "(3) After the initial three years of operation of the
6 Corps, if the Board determines that the total number of appli-
cants who will be qualified and admitted as new members
in the Corps prior to the beginning of any academic year
under this section for the purpose of pursuing courses of
study during such academic year leading to undergraduate
or graduate degrees, respectively, will be below the total
number of applicants who may be so admitted to the Corps
in accordance with section 1204(c), the Board may
nominate to take a competitive examination held prior to
such academic year, and select for admission to the Corps,
in the order of merit established by such examination, such
additional number of eligible applicants as the Board finds
will be necessary to meet the needs of the Corps programs in
19 such academic year and will not exceed the limitations set
forth in section 1204(c).
" (d) Applicants under this section shall be selected for
membership in the Corps in the order of merit established
by the annual examinations held by the Board pursuant to
this section, but no person shall be eligible for admission
as a member of the Corps unless he is a graduate of apublic
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1 or private secondary school described in subsection (b) in
2 the case of a student intending to pursue a course of study
3 leading to an undergraduate degree or a graduate of an
4 institution of higher education described in subsection (b) in
5 the case of a student intending to pursue a course of study
6 leading to a graduate degree.
7 " (e) Except as provided in this section, no competitive
or other similar examination shall be required for admission
`t of any person as a member of the Corps under this section.
10 "COMPENSATION AND PAYMENT OF EXPENSES AND
11 SZUBSISTEYCE FOR STUDENT MEMBERS
12 "SEO. 1206. (a) Members of the Corps who are ad-
13 mitted under section 1205 and are maintaining satisfactory
14 progress in, and taking at least the minimum level of credit
15 hours in, full-time courses of study as prescribed by the
16 Board shall be compensated for tuition, texts, laboratory
17 fees and associated course materials, and shall receive sub-
18 sistence payments as provided in this section. No compen-
19 cation or payments shall be made except in accordance with
20 procedures established by the Board to assure their accuracy
21 and appropriateness.
22 " (b) The subsistence payments which shall be payable
23 under this section are as follows:
24 " (1) A single student member shall receive $200 sub-
25 sistence pay per training month.
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1 " (2) A married student member having a dependent
2 spouse shall receive $250 subsistence pay per training month,
3 ' and if they have a dependent child or children an additional
4 allowance of $30 for each dependent child shall be paid
.5 per training month.
6 " (3) Where both a husband and wife member are
7 students under a. Corps program and are cohabiting, their
8- joint subsistence pay shall be $300 per training month,
9 and if they have a dependent child or children an additional
10 allowance of $30 for each dependent child shall be paid per
11 training month.
12 " (4) Where both a husband and a wife member are
13 students tinder a Corps program and are legally separated
14 they each shall receive the same subsistence pay per training
15 month as would a single student, but if either spouse has a
16 dependent child or children an additional allowance of $30
17 per training month shall be paid to the entitled spouse for
18 each dependent child.
19 " (5) Student members shall be granted an additional
20 allowance of $30 per training month for each dependent not
21 a spouse of a child of such student member.
22 "ADMISSTO\ OF GOVERNMENT OFFICERS ANI) EMPLOYEES
23 INTO CORPS; EXPENSES AND COMPENSATION
24 "SEC. 1207. (a) The bead of each Government depart-
25S ment or agency is authorized (1) to select officers and
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1 employees of such department or agency who may volunteer
2 to be admitted to the Corps to pursue education, training or
3 research or a course of study within a Corps program, (2) to
4 pay all or any part of the pay (except overtime, holiday, or
u night differential pay) of any such officer or employee so
6 selected for the period of such education, training or research,
7 or course of study, as a member of the Corps, and (3) to pay
S or reimburse such officer or employee for all or part of the
9 necessary expenses of such education, training, or research,
10 or course of study, without regard to section 529 of title 31,
11 United States Code, including the necessary costs of (A) the
12 travel expenses of such officer or employee and the transpor-
13 tation expenses of his immediate fancily, (B) the expenses
14 of packing, crating, transporting, and temporarily storing,
15 draying and unpacking his household goods and personal
1.6 effects to the extent authorized by section 5724 of title 5,
17 United States Code, (C) purchase or rental of books, mate-
18 rials and supplies, and (D) all other services or facilities
19 directly related to the' education, training, or research or
20 course of study of such officer or employee within a Corps
21 program. The head of each Government department or
22 agency shall prescribe, with the approval of the Board, limi-
23 tations concerning the number of officers and employees of
24 such department or agency who may be selected for admis-
2' sion to the Corps at the same time and the period of time
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15
14
1 which may be spent by such officers and employees in study,
2 training, or research or a course of study within a Corps pro-
3 gram. The provisions of section 1206 shall not apply to any
4 Government officers or employees admitted to the Corps
5 under this section.
6. `.` (b) Appropriations made available to any Govern-
ment department or agency for the payment of salaries and
8 expenses of officers and employees of such department or
9 agency shall be available for making payments tinder this
10 section to members of the Corps selected from such depart-
11 ment or agency..
.
12 " (c) During any period for which any Government
13, officer or employee who is admitted to the Corps under this
14 section is separated from his usual duties of employment
15 with any Government department or agency for the purpose
16 of education, training, or research or a course of study within
17 a Corps program, such officer or employee shall be con-
18 sidered to have performed service, as an officer or employee
19 of such department or agency at the rate of compensation
20 received immediately prior to commencing such education,
21 training, or research or course of study (including any in-
22 crease in compensation provided by law during the period
23 of such activity) for the purposes of (1) subchapter III
24 (relating to civil service retirement) of chapter 83 of title 5,
25 United States Code, (2) chapter 87 (relating to Federal
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16
15
employees group life insurance) of title 5, United States
Code, and (3) chapter 89 (relating to Federal employees
group health insurance) of title 5, United States Code.
" (d) Each Government officer or employee who is
admitted to the Corps under this section shall, on comple-
tion of the period of education, training, or research or a
course of study within a Corps program, be entitled to con-
tinue service in his former position or a position of at least
like seniority and status in the department or agency from
which he was selected for such education, training, or re-
search or course of study and shall be entitled to at least
the rate of basic pay to which lie would have been entitled
had he continued in his usual service with such department
or agency. On resumption of his usual duties with such de-
partment or agency, the department or agency shall restore
such officer's or employee's sick leave account, by credit or
charge, to its status at the time lie commenced education,
training, or research or a course of study within a Corps
program.
"AGREEMENT TO ENTER INTO OR CONTINUE, GOVERNMENT
SERVICE AFTER COMPLETING CORPS PROGRAM
"SEC. 1208. The Board shall obtain from each person
admitted to the Corps, other than members of a family
receiving orientation or language training under section 1204
(a), such agreement as the Board may deem necessary to
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22
23
24
25
16
assure that such person will accept employment with the
United States, unless already so employed, and will remain
in the employ of the United States, wherever assigned by
the employing department or agency, for such period after
completion of their education, training, research, or course
of study within a Corps program as is prescribed by (1)
the Board in the case of students admitted to the Corps under
section 1205, or (2) the head of the employing department
or agency in the case of Government officers and employees
selected for admission to the Corps from such department or
agency under section 1207.
"ASSIGNMENT OF STUDENT MFMBERS FOR FIELD
TRAINING AND GOVERNMENT SERVICE
"SEC. 1209. (a) During the course of study leading to
an undergraduate or graduate degree, each student admitted
to the Corps under section 1205 may be assigned at the dis-
cretion of the Board for field training with any program
of the Co?erninett relating to the field of foreign relations
conducted by any department or agency of the Government.
The period of field training assignment for a Corps member
under this subsection may not exceed two consecutive months
in any calendar year during the first three years of under-
graduate study, nor more thou six consecutive months dur-
ing the fourth year of undergraduate study or any academic
year of graduate study.
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6 time thereafter as the Board finds to he reasonable to prepare
17
" (b) Except as otherwise provided by any law of the
United States or regulation prescribed by the Board, each
student admitted to the Corps under section 1205 shall, upon
satisfactory completion of .Isis course of study leading to an
inidergraduate or graduate degree, or witbiii sucli period of
and submit any thesis or dissertation related to his course of
study, be available for assignment in the discretion of and
by the Board (1) for hiring or appointment by the United
States in connection with any program of the Government
relating to the field of forcio i relations conducted by any
department or agency of the C overnment, or (2) if such
member has completed a course of study leading to a grad-
hate degree, for one year of specialized study iu a particular
foreign country or area, ill wliicli lie iuay biter be assigned
for (;overuiuent service. Ifpou satisfa.etory cooyilctiou of ally
such year of specialized study by a tneniber of the Corps, he
shall be appointed as a Foreign Service officer by the See-
19 retary of State without the examination provided for in see-
20 tion 516 or 517 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946 (22
21 U.S.C. 91.1-91.2).
22 " (c) Prior to malting any assignments under this see-
23 the Board shall consult with interested departments and
24 agencies of the (iovcrruncnt to detesmine the personnel
2-5 requirements of their programs relating to the field of foreign
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21.
22
23
24
2 shall be assigned in accordance with their preferences for
18
relations. To the extent practicable, members of the Corps
a particular Government program.
"ROTATION FOR SERV1('E IN TI11, 1JNITI,U STATES
"SE(,. 1210. All Corps members who have satisfactorily
completed their education, training, or research, or course of
study within a Corps program and are employed by, or
remain in the employment of, the United States under this
title shall be assigned to Government duties within the
10 United States for a, minimum of one year during every five
11 that they are employed in alit' Goverumeut program in the
13 subsection may be waived wheu the United States is at war
field of foreign relations; -except that the provisions of this
as declared by Congress.
"CONTINUATION OF FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE
"Sri'. 1211. The P'nreigu Service Institute, established
under title VII of the Foreign Service .1ct of 1940 (22
U.S.C. 1041-1047) is hereby continued. All functions,
powers, and duties of the Secretary of State under such title,
relating to the Foreign Service Institute, are hereby trans-
ferred to the Board. All property and personnel of the
Foreign Service Institute, together with the unexpended
balance of any appropriation available for use by such Insti-
tute, are hereby transferred to the -Board and shall be subject
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19
1 to the control and use of the Board for the furtherance of the
2 objectives of the Corps.
"STAFF OF BOARD
4: "Six. 1212. (a) The Board may appoint and fix the
5 compensation of a staff consisting of not more than five
G professional staff members and such clerical staff members as
1 may be necessary. Such appointments shall be made and such
8 compensation shall he fixed in accordance with the provi-
9 sions of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments
10 in the competitive service, and the provisions of chapter 51
11 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to
12 classification and General Schedule pay rates.
13 " (b) The Board may designate one member from the
14 professional staff who shall serve as the chief staff officer of
1" the Board and shall exercise, snider the supervision and in
1(; accordance with the policies of the ]loard, such of the powers
FII
and duties granted to the Board as it deeros appropriate.
(c) The Board may procure such temporary and in-
1termittent services as are authorized by section 310 of title
20 5, United States Code, but at rates not to exceed *+1.00 a. day
21 for individuals.
a2 a2 4,
ACQUISITION OF REAL, 013 YLRSO\nL PROPERTY BY ROAM)
"SEc. 1213. The Board shall have the power to acquire
and hold property, real or personal, and to receive and ac-
cept money or other property, real or personal, bequeathed,
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21
20
8
9
10
11
devised, or donated, and to use, sell, or otherwise dispose of
such property for the purpose of carrying out this title.
"PROHIBITION AGAINST ESTABLISHMENT OF ACADEMY
"SEC. 1214. Except as provided in section 1211, nothing
in this title shall be construed to authorize the Board to
establish any educational institution, or to appoint or hire
any person to serve on the faculty or staff of any educational
institution.
`AUTHORIZATION
"SEc. 1215. There are hereby authorized to be appro-
priated to the Board to carry out the purposes of this title
(other than section 1207), $15,000,000 for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1970; $30,000,000 for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1971; $45,000,000 for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1972; and $(10,000,00(1 for the fiscal year
ending Jtine 30, 1973; but for the fiscal year ending June
30, 1974, and each succeeding fiscal year, only such sums
may be appropriated as the Congress may hereafter authorize
by law."
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"U.S. FOREIGN SERVICE CORPS-SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS
"Section 1201. Establishment of Corps. To provide more widespread oppor-
tunity for entering, and more adequate training of persons entering or already
engaged in, the field of foreign relations, a U.S. Foreign Service Corps would
be established, consisting of students and Government employees selected for ad-
mission under .the provisions of this title, and enrolled in a program of education,
training, or research, or a course of study approved by the Board of Trustees
established hereunder.
"Section 1202. Definition : `Government', `non-Federal institution of higher
education' (institution not owned or substantially controlled by the Government
of the United States), `Board' (Board of Trustees of the U.S. Foreign Service
Corps), `department or agency' (including Government corporation), `training
month', and 'dependent' would be defined.
"Section 1203. Board of Trustees: A Board of Trustees (consisting of the
Secretary of State, four educators appointed by the President, two Senators, not
of the same political party, appointed by the Vice President, and two Represen-
tatives, not of the same political party, appointed by the Speaker of the House)
would be charged with management and supervision of the Corps, and develop-
ment and support of programs of education, training, and research, designed to
prepare, or advance the qualifications of, members of the Corps for service with
the United States in positions or programs related to foreign relations. Mem-
bers of the Board would serve without pay, but with reimbursement for travel,
subsistence, and other necessary expenses, for terms of 2 years (Senate, House,
and first two educator appointees of the President) or 4 years (all other edu-
cator appointees of the President, of which two would be appointed every 2
years), and might be reappointed.
"Section 1204. Establishment of Corps programs : The Board would be au-
thorized to make arrangements with qualified non-Federal institutions of higher
education to admit qualified members of the Corps to programs approved by the
Board, including-
"(1) in any academic year, not more than 3,500 undergraduate and not more
than 1,500 graduate student members, for full-time courses of study leading to,
respectively ; undergraduate or graduate degrees in foreign relations ;
"(2) Government employee members for professional education, training, and
research activities or for full-time courses of study leading to an undergraduate
or graduate degree in foreign relations ;
"(3) selected members of the Corps for research 'activities in the field of for-
eign relations.
"The arrangements must include a program for appropriate orientation and
language training at the institution for members of the families of persons ad-
mitted to the Corps if it is anticipated the Corps member will be assigned to
a foreign country or area. Such orientation and language training must also be
available for members of the families of officers and employees of the Federal
Government who are not Corps members, but who have duties or responsibilities
in the field of foreign relations, when it becomes apparent the officer or employee
will be assigned to a foreign country or area.
"Section 1205. Nomination and admission of students into Corps : The total
of 3,500 undergraduate and 1,500 graduate student members of the Corps author-
ized for 'admission in any year would be selected in order of merit by annual
competitive undergraduate and graduate examinations held by the Board, to test
the intellectual capacity, training, and aptitude for foreign affairs of 8,418 per-
sons eligible to take the examination 'and nominated in accordance with pro-
visions of this section. (After 3 years, if it appeared in any year that this pro-
cedure would not qualify for admission into the Corps the number of student
members who might be admitted, an additional competitive examination would
be given to nominees of the Board.)
"Applicants for the annual undergraduate examination would be required
to be citizens of the United States who had graduated from, or were attending,
a public secondary school in, or a private secondary school accredited by, a State
or a secondary school in a foreign country with an educational program ap-
proved by the Board. Applicants for the annual graduate examination would
be required to be citizens of the United States who had graduated from, or
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were attending, an institution of higher education in the United States or an
institution of higher education in a foreign country which awards a degree
which in the Board's judgment is generally accepted as equivalent to a bachelor's
degree in the United States. (Before admission into the Corps, a student member
would need to have graduated from such secondary school or institution of higher
learning, as the case might be.)
"The annual competitive examination could be taken only by applicants nomi-
nated as follows :
"(1) 220 nominated from the United States at large (100 by the President, 66
by the Vice President, 54 by the Secretary of State) ;
"(2) 1,650 nominated from the.50 States (15 by each Senator, 3 by each Gov-
ernor) ;
"(3) 6,525 nominated from the 435 congressional .districts (15 by the Rep-
resentative from each district) ;
"(4) 10 from the District of Columbia, nominated by the Commissioner of the
District of Columbia ;
"(5) 13 from outlying areas (7 nominated by the Resident Commissioner
from Puerto Rico, 3 by the Governor of the Virgin Islands, 3 by the Governor
of the Canal Zone)
"Total, 8,418.
"Except with respect to nominees at large, and from the Canal Zone, nomina-
tions could be made only from among persons domiciled in the State, congres-
sional district, or geographic area from which nominated.
"Section 1206. Compensation and payment of expenses and subsistence for
student members : Student members of the Corps admitted under Section 1205
and maintaining satisfactory progress in courses of study prescribed by the
Board would be compensated for tuition, texts, laboratory fees, and associated
course materials and would be eligible to receive subsistence payments in ac-
cordance with procedures established by the Board. Subsistence payments per
training month would be $200 for a single student or a student legally sepa-
rated, $250 for a married student with a dependent spouse, and $300 for hus-
band and wife student members who are living together. An additional $30 per
training month would be paid for each dependent child of a student member,
or for a dependent other than his spouse or child.
"Section 1207. Admission of Government officers and employees into the Corps ;
expenses and compensation : The head of each Government department or agency
would be authorized to select from among its employees volunteering for ad-
mission into the Corps to pursue education, training, or research within the Corps,
program, to prescribe limitations on the number of employees selected at the
same time, and the length of their course of study. From appropriations made
available for the payment of salaries and expenses of employees of such depart-
ment or agency, employees so selected would be authorized to be paid their
regular salaries, and (without regard to 31 U.S.C. 529) to be reimbursed for
necessary expenses of such education, training, or research (including travel
expense of such employee, transportation expenses of his immediate family, cost
of transporting or storing his household goods and personal effects to the extent
authorized by 5 U.S.C. 5724, purchase or rental of books, materials, and supplies,
and other services or facilities related to his education, training, or research).
A Government employee's period of education, training, or research within a
Corps program would be deemed to be Government service for purposes of
civil service retirement, Federal employees' group life and health insurance, and
at the completion thereof, the employee would have reemployment rights to a
position of at least like seniority and status in the department or agency from
which he was selected, with restoration of sick leave credit, and at the rate of
pay to which he would have been entitled if he had continued his usual service
in such department or agency.
Section 1208. Agreement to enter into or continue Government service after
completing Corps program
Each person admitted to the. Corps (other than a family member receiving
language or orientation training under sec. 1204) would make such agreement as
the Board deemed necessary to insure that, after completion of his education,
training, or research within a Corps program, such person would accept Federal
employment, unless already so employed, and remain in Federal employment,
wherever assigned by the employing department or agency and for such period
as would be prescribed by the Board, in the case of students admitted under see-
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tion 1205, or by the head of the employing department or agency in the case of
Government employees admitted under section 1207.
"Section 1209. Assignment of student members for field training and Govern-
ment service: The Board might assign any student member of the Corps admitted
under Section 1205 for field training with any Government program relating to
foreign relations for not more than 2 consecutive months in any of the first 3
calendar years of his undergraduate study, and for not more than 6 consecu-
tive months during the fourth year of undergraduate study or any academic
year of graduate study. Except as otherwise provided by law or by regulation
of the Board, a student member who received an undergraduate or graduate
degree under the Corps program would be available for assignment by the Board
(in consultation with interested departments and agencies of Government and,
to the extent practicable, in accordance with the student's preferences (1) to be
hired by any department or agency of Government for a program relating to the
field of foreign relations, or (2) in the case of a student member who received
a graduate degree under the Corps program, for 1 year of specialized study in a
foreign country or area in which lie might later be assigned for Government
service. Only those students selected for such specialized study from those com-
pleting a graduate degree would be entitled to be appointed Foreign Service
officers by the Secretary of State, without the examination provided in 22 U.S.C.
911-912, upon satisfactory completion of the year of specialized study.
"Section 1210. Rotation for service in the United States : Except in time of
war declared by Congress, Corps members who satisfactorily completed educa-
tion, training, or research, or course of study within a Corps program, and who
were employed by the United States in the field of foreign relations, would be
assigned Government duties within the United States for at least 1 of every
5 years of such employment.
"Section 1211. Continuation of Foreign Service Institute : All functions, powers,
and duties of the Secretary of State relating to the Foreign Service Institute
established under 22 U.S.C. 1041-1047 would be transferred to the Board. All
property and personnel of the Foreign Service Institute and the unexpended bal-
ance of any appropriation therefor would be transferred to the Board for use
in furtherance of the objectives of the Corps.
"Section 1212. Staff of Board : The Board would be authorized to make appoint-
ments in the competitive service and to fix the compensation, in accordance with
civil service classification and general schedule pay rates, of not more than five
professional staff members (including a chief staff officer of the Board) and such
clerical staff members as might be necessary.
"The Board would be authorized to procure temporary or intermittent services
pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 3109, at rates not to exceed $100 per day for individuals.
"Section 1213. Acquisition of real or personal property by Board : The Board
would have the power to acquire, hold, use, sell, or otherwise dispose of prop-
erty, real or personal, and to accept gifts or bequests, to carry out the purposes
of this title.
"Section 1214. Prohibition against establishment of academy : The Board
would have no authority to establish any educational institution, nor to appoint
any person to serve on the faculty or staff of any educational institution except
the Foreign Service Institute.
"Section 1215. Authorization: To carry out the purposes of this title (except
Section 1207), appropriations to the Board would be authorized in the amount
of $15 million in fiscal 1970, $30 million in fiscal 1971, $45 million in fiscal 1972,
$60 million in fiscal 1973, and in fiscal 1974 and each succeeding fiscal year,
such sums as Congress might authorize."
EYECTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT,
BUREAU OF THE BUDGET,
Hon. RALPH YARBOROUGII Washington, D.C., January 28,1970.
,
Chairman, Committee on Labor and Public TVelfare, U.S. Senate, New Senate
Office Building, TVashington, D.C.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN : This is in reply to the Committee's request for the
views of the Bureau of the Budget on S. 939, a bill "To amend the Higher
Education Act of 1965 in order to provide for a United States Foreign Service
Corps."
Under the bill, the Government would provide financial assistance to students
and Government employees who are interested in foreign affairs activities. Such
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students and employees would constitute a Foreign Service Corps to which would
be admitted annually not more than 3,500 students for training leading to an
undergraduate degree and 1,500 students for training leading to a graduate
degree. The bill also provides for eligible Corps members who. complete their
education to serve as Foreign Service Officers in the Department of State or
as employees in other Government agencies.
While we sympathize with the objectives of the bill, we do not believe that
the financial incentives it would authorize are necessary to accomplish those
objectives. We understand that there is a sufficient number of qualified individ-
uals interested in careers in foreign relations. Moreover, broad authority already
exists in Title 5 of the U.S. Code for training Federal employees in all fields,
including foreign affairs.
For these reasons we recommend against enactment of S. 939.
Sincerely yours,
WILFRED H. ROMMEL,
Assistant Director for Legislative Reference.
U.S. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION,
Washington, D.C., January 28, 1970.
Hon. RALPH YARBOROUGH,
Chairman, Committee on Labor, and Public Welfare, U.S. Senate.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: We have received a letter from Senator Peter Dominick
asking whether the Civil Service Commission would be interested in testifying
or submitting a written statement concerning S. 939, a bill to amend the Higher
Education Act of 1965 in order to provide for a United States Foreign Service
Corps. We informed Senator Dominick that we would prepare a voluntary bill
report for submission to the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare. Moreover
the Commission has recently restudied the bill to determine the currency of its
views.
In establishing a Foreign Service Corps, the bill proposes to provide a medium
for the purpose of increasing the opportunities for students and Federal em-
ployees to gain education and training in foreign relations. It is the Commission's
view that, commendable as the objective may be, the bill in its present form
could minimize the competitive principle for entry into Federal employment.
The sizeable number of students to be granted scholarships would ostensibly
result in a large supply of graduates, not necessarily related to the needs of the
service, whose specialized training would give them an advantage over other
persons taking competitive examinations, and who would likely receive prefer-
ential consideration for appointment in view of the extensive investment of the
United States Government in their education. Further, it is noted that graduate
students who satisfactorily complete a year of specialized study in a foreign
country or area would automatically become Foreign Service officers.
Section 1207 of the bill provides special authorities governing the education
and training of Federal employees in foreign relations. These special provisions
are considered unnecessary as adequate authority exists in Chapter 41, Title 5,
U.S. Code (formerly the Government Employees Training Act). Not only are the
provisions in S. 939 strikingly similar to the existing law but Chapter 41 in-
cludes other necessary stipulations, such as a minimum period requirement for
service after completion of training at Government expense.
A number of technical revisions in the bill would also be required. Some of
the more important are related to application of veterans' preference, clarifica-
tion of the status and pay of employees while students, and the leave rights of
employees during the period of education.
For the reasons outlined above, the Commission recommends against enact-
ment of S. 939. The Commission appreciates the opportunity afforded for com-
menting on the bill. The Bureau of the Budget advises that from the standpoint
of the Administration's program, there is no objection to the submission of this
report.
By direction of the Commission :
Sincerely yours,
ROBERT HAMPTON,
Chairman.
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26
COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES,
Washington, D.C., April 1, 1969.
Hon. RALPH YARBOROUGH,
Chairman, Committee on Labor and Public Welfare,
U.S. Senate.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN : We refer to your letter of February 12, 1969, requesting
our report upon S. 939 which would amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to
provide for a United States Foreign Service Corps.
The Corps is to consist of all students who are admitted to the Corps under
the provisions of the bill including those students who are officers and employees
of the Government that enroll in a program of education, training or research or
a course of study approved by the Board of Trustees of the Corps. The purpose
of the bill is provide a body of professionals, educated and trained in the field
of foreign affairs, from which agencies of the Federal Government may draw
upon in filling positions in foreign countries. The bill would provide this body
of professionals by utilization of non-Federal institutions of higher education
to conduct the courses of instruction and training rather than establishing a
Government agency or activity to conduct such instruction and training.
The establishment of the Corps is a matter of policy for consideration by the
Congress and since we have no special information bearing upon the need for
or the desirability of the Corps we make no recommendation for or against the
objectives of the bill.
We note that the bill is silent as to who will act as Chairman of the Board.
We suggest that consideration be given to the inclusion in the bill of a require-
ment that the Secretary of State serve as Chairman of the Board.
Another aspect of the bill which we have considered is the need for additional
recruitment of overseas personnel, which appears to be the primary objective of
the bill. The bill provides that up to 5,000 students may be selected each year to
receive training in the Foreign Service Corps. It further provides that the head
of each Department or agency, within the numerical limitations he may prescribe
with the approval of the Board of Trustees of the Corps, may select employees
to receive this training. In such connection it may be desirable to authorize
Department and agency heads to select for Corps training only those employees
who reasonably are expected to serve on overseas assignments.
We did not determine the annual employment needs of the State Department
or other involved organizations, however, it may be that the requirement for
personnel with special training would be substantially less than 5,000 annually.
At March 31, 1968, the State Department had a total of 7,159 United States citi-
zens stationed overseas, with an attrition rate of about 4 percent, which would
be about 290 persons annually. Furthermore, the Executive Branch is currently
engaged in the BALPA (balance of payments) exercise, which is intended to
reduce our overseas complement. In April 1968, it was announced that there
were 22,757 United States citizens employed overseas, and that this would be
reduced by 2,779, with similar reductions in foreign national and contract em-
ployment. Special efforts are being made to provide jobs for these people in the
continental United States and, as a result, there may be some question as to
the need for substantial recruitment at this time.
We also note that when this bill was submitted, reference was made to Gov-
ernment employment overseas as exceeding 75,000. However, the majority of
these people are not working in the field of foreign relations. Many of them are
working in purely administrative activities, such as budget, fiscal, supply, and
communications and in technical fields. Although training in foreign relations
would no doubt be beneficial to anyone serving overseas, there is some doubt
whether there would be an actual need for these people to receive such training,
especially if it is to be in lieu of a formal education related to their particular
profession.
The bill also should specify whether the training authorized thereunder may
be provided employees without regard to the provisions contained in 5 U.S.C.
4101-4118.
Commencing on line 17, page 17, the bill provides that "Upon satisfactory com-
pletion of any such year of specialized study by a member of the Corps, he shall
be appointed as a Foreign Service officer by the Secretary of State * * *." We
think it may not be in the interest of the Government to mandatorily require, in
every case, that such a member be appointed as a Foreign Service Officer. As a
technical matter present law provides for appointment of Foreign Service officers
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by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate-not by the Secretary
of State. See 22 U.S.C. 906.
We note also that the bill makes no provision for access to records by any
auditing or other investigative body. Presumably, GAO audit authority would
come under Sections 312 and 313 of the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921
(31 U.S.C. 53, 54). Additionally, in view of the apparent independent nature of
the Corps, perhaps some specific provisions should be made for the internal
auditing of programs and expenditures. Whether this would be accomplished by
establishing a Foreign Service Corps audit staff or by placing the Corps under
the jurisdiction of the State Department or other Federal activity would of
course be left to the determination of the Congress.
Section 1215 proposed to be added by the bill provides monetary authoriza-
tion of $15 million for the first year and for increases by increments of $15 mil-
lion in each of the following three years until by 1972 the authorization would
be for $60 million. Current annual operations of the Foreign Service Institute
funded from the Department of State appropriations amount to about $6 million,
and annual reimbursements from other agencies for instruction provided by
the Institute amounted to about $2.4 million. In view of the magnitude of these
expenditures, some clarification may be needed as to whether the authorizations
are to cover all Corps activities including operation of the Foreign Service Insti-
tute and training of Government employees of other agencies.
R. F. KELLER,
(For the Comptroller General of the United States).
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE,
January 29, 1970.
HON. RALPH YARBOROUGH,
Chairman, Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR DIR. CHAIRMAN : This letter is in response to your request of February 12,
1969, for a report on S. 939, a bill "To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 in
order to provide for a United States Foreign Service Corps."
The bill would provide for the establishment of a United States Foreign Serv-
ice Corps to train young men and women and Government employees in the field
of foreign relations. The Corps would be headed by a Board of Trustees, com-
posed of the Secretary of State, four educators, two Senators, and two members
of the House of Representatives. The Board would be authorized to contract
with institutions of higher education to provide undergraduate and graduate
level foreign relations training to Corpsmen.
The bill limits the membership of the Corps to 3,500 new undergraduates and
1,500 graduate students each year. Members would be selected by national com-
petitive examination, from among 8, 418 nominated to take the test by the
President, Vice President, Senators, Representatives, Governors, and officials
of the District of Columbia and outlying areas.
Members of the Corps in satisfactory academic standing would be compen-
sated for tuition, books, and fees, and would receive subsistence payments based
on the number of dependents. Membership in the United States Foreign Service
Corps would be conditioned upon assurance that the member will accept employ-
ment with the United States after the completion of his training and would
remain for such a period as the Board might prescribe.
The bill authorizes the appropriation of $15 million for fiscal year 1970,
$30 million for fiscal year 1971, $45 million for fiscal year 1972, and $60 million
for fiscal year 1973.
The Department of State has recommended that the legislation not be enacted
in its present form. This Department defers to the position of the Department of
State in this matter.
We are advised by the Bureau of the Budget that there is no objection to the
presentation of this report from the standpoint of the Administration's program.
ROBERT H. FINCH,
Secretary.
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DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, D.C., January 28, 1970.
Hon. RALPH YARBOROUGH,
Chairman, Committee on Labor and Public Welfare,
U.S. Senate.
DEAR IR.CHAIRMAN : Further reference is made to your request of February 12,
1969 for a report on S. 939, a bill "To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965
in order to provide for a United States Foreign Service Corps," the stated ob-
jectives of which are "To assure that there is adequate opportunity for the
young men and women of the United States to enter this vast field with the best
possible training of their natural abilities, and to advance the professional
education and training of the officers and employees of the Government currently
engaged in the field of foreign relations."
The basic purpose of S. 939 is to provide full scholarships to enable young
men and women of the United States and officers and employees of the Govern-
ment to obtain undergraduate and graduate degrees in various fields related to
foreign relations. The Department has recently completed a careful review of
this bill and believes that no need exist for a Government program along the
lines contemplated by S. 939. Sufficient authority already exists for training
current Federal employees and families of Federal employees who are assigned
overseas. Also, our experience indicates that there is a sufficient number of
qualified students interested in Foreign Service careers without special Govern-
ment financial incentives.
Some of the provisions of the bill relating to the number of students and
administration of the corps in relation to present programs and personnel sys-
tems, moreover, raise a number of questions or conflicts with provisions of
existing legislation.
The existence of such a program as that proposed in the bill could conceivably
impose a real obstacle to "open" competition in the final selection of class 7
and 8 Foreign Service officers. While the application to take the examinations
would be open to any qualified candidate who might apply, there is some reason
to believe that student corps members who have spent four to six years working
toward a career in the Foreign Service would be in a preferred position in
taking the examination for Foreign 'Service officer. Although the program would
be an adjunct to the present method of recruiting Foreign Service personnel,
its potential magnitude leads to the question of whether, over a period of time,
the present open competitive method of examining and selecting Foreign Service
officer candidates would be largely supplanted.
The proposal in the bill to continue the Foreign Service Institute, but to
transfer its functions, powers, and duties from the Secretary of State to a
board is of particular concern to the Department. The Institute, as originally
conceived and as established under the provisions of section 701 of the Foreign
Service Act of 1946, as amended, was to furnish training and instruction to
officers and employees of the Department and other agencies of the Government,
and members of their families, for whom training and instruction in the field of
foreign relations is necessary. At present the 'Institute furnishes training and
instruction to approximately 8,000 officers and employees and members of fam-
ily per year from over 30 agencies other than the Department. It would appear,
therefore, that the purposes of the bill could be accomplished through Institute
facilities and programs under existing legislation.
In summary, in view of the fact that there is no need for the program that
S. 939 would create, the problems of administration of such a program, its
effect on the Foreign Service personnel system, and the conflicts with existing
legislation are such that the Department would not favor enactment of this
legislation in its present form.
Enclosed are the more detailed and technical comments on the bill, by section.
The Bureau of the Budget advises that from the standpoint of the Administra-
tion's program, there is no objection to the submission of the report.
Sincerely yours,
H. G. TORBERT, Jr.
Acting Assistant Secretary for Congressional Relations.
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COMMENTS ON S. 939. To AMEND THE HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1965 IN ORDER
To PROVIDE FOR A U.S. FOREIGN SERVICE CORPS
The bill provides for the establishment of a United States Foreign Service
Corps, which would consist of both students and employees of the Government.
Since the Corps would be composed of persons who are already employees of the
Government and those who are not, the title is confusing with the common
usage of the terms "United States Foreign Service", "Foreign Service of the
United States", "ForeignService Officer Corps", etc.
Within the limitation of the field of foreign relations, the proposed legislation
appears to be Government-wide in scope ; however, in the definitions "Govern-
ment" means the Government of the United States. This apparently would ex-
clude the Government of the District of Columbia. This exclusion may have been
deliberate because of the limitation of the bill in its application to employees
"currently engaged in the field of foreign relations". The definition in 1202(d)
of "department or agency" would also exclude the Government of the District
of Columbia which suggests that perhaps it was so intended.
In section 1202(f) "dependent" when used in relation to a student member of
the Corps is defined as an individual who qualifies under section 152 of the
Internal Revenue Code. This is for purposes of paying a subsistence, and would
include persons other than spouse or children ; e.g., a parent of either student
member or spouse who is claimed as a dependent for income tax purposes.
The management and supervision of the Corps 'is vested in a Board of Trustees,
composed of the 'Secretary of State, two Senators, two Members of the House
of Representatives and four educators. The organizational location of the Board
is not stated and it is therefore unclear as to whom it reports, nor is there
mention of a chairman of the Board. With all ,members of the Board serving with-
out pay, including the four educators to be appointed by the President, this sug-
gests a nominal amount of time to be :devoted to the business of the Board by
its members ; consequently, the logical conclusion is that a strong administrative/
professional staff would be necessary. See, however, section 1212 which envisions
the appointment of "not more than five professional staff members".
This section places no limitation on the period of time or the number of
degrees that may be involved in the program. The last paragraph of subsection
1204(a) relating to orientation and language training for members of families
of persons (both student members and employee members) as well as to families
of employees who are not members of the Corps, but have duties or respon-
sibilities in the field of foreign relations, seems to have been lifted partially
from section 701 of the Foreign tService Act. Since the term "members of
families" is not defined and perhaps was not intended to be identical with
"dependents" as used in section 1202, it may be anticipated that "mem-
bers of families" would be defined by regulation. This is done in section 824.2,
Volume 3 of the Foreign Affairs Manual (3 FAM 824.2) as being (adult mem-
bers-18 years and over-wives, husbands, children). Since the Foreign Service
Institute is proposed to be transferred to the jurisdiction of the Board, and
since Title VII of the Foreign Service Act contains similar language regarding
the training of members of families, the inclusion of such language in the subject
bill would seem necessary only with relation to members of families of student
members of the Corps.
(a) Number
The number of students authorized to be educated under the program appears
to be unrelated to a prior determination of needs of Federal agencies, and to the
attendant variables of Federal programs. The requirement for consultation by
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the Board with agencies regarding their needs (sec. 1209(c) ), comes immediately
prior to "assignment" of graduates to -agencies. This kind of consultation and
appropriate procedures for selection seems more appropriate as the basis for
determining the numbers to be trained, reference to which is made in section
1204(c).
(b) Qtcalifecation for appointment
1. Section 1203(a) provides that examinations for admission of students to the
Corps shall test ". . . his aptitude for service in the field of foreign relations."
Section 1205(e) states that "Except as provided in this section, no competitive
or -other similar examination shall be required for admission of any person as a
member of the Corps under this section". Since membership in the Corps carries
over into employment, would the language of section 1205(e) prohibit the use of
an oral examination as part of the selection and appointment process? If so, this
provision is in conflict with the requirement for oral examination in section 516
of the Foreign Service Act.
Further, the provision of section 1205(a) re examining for aptitude cannot
serve the same purpose as an oral examination in connection with selection
for appointment. First, the validity of any exmination that purports to measure
aptitude for service in the field of foreign relations would be open to question.
Second. except as a broad screening device for selecting students, such an ex-
amination would be given at the wrong time. Entering students would be young
immature, changeable and uncertain about many things. A much better evalua-
tion could probably be obtained after graduation, and preferably through oral
examination.
2. Citizenship.-Section 1205(b) requires only that Corps students be citizens.
In the absence of further citizenship requirements for appointment in the Gov-
ernment, a conflict occurs with section 515 of the Foreign Service Act, which
requires that candidates for appointment as Foreign Service officers be citizens
for 10 years. The same type of conflict would occur with section 522 of the For-
eign Service Act which requires that persons who are being appointed as Foreign
Service Reserve officers be citizens for 5 years.
3. Appointment without examination.-Section 1209(b) would require that the
Secretary of State appoint, as a Foreign Service officer, without the examination
provided for in section 516 or 517 of the Foreign Service Act, a member of the
Corps (this is not specified as a student member) who has completed a graduate
degree and a year of specialized study in a foreign country or area. This kind of
directive is also in conflict with section 515 of the Foreign Service Act with
regard to citizenship requirements. and since it requires that the Secretary of
State appoint certain Foreign Service officers, conflicts with section 511 of the
Foreign Service Act which requires that the President appoint Foreign Service
officers, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
It is noted that "student members shall be granted an additional allowance of
$30 per training month for each dependent not a spouse or child of such student
member." Since "dependent" is defined according to the Internal Revenue Code
this could conceivably include several parents, in-laws, etc.
As a general comment, the authority contained in this section duplicates in
part that contained in 5 U.S.C. 4101-4118 (formerly the Government Employees
Training Act); and section 573 of the Foreign Service Act.
This section authorizes Government departments to pay to Government em-
ployees who become members of the Corps, all or any part of their pay, with the
exception of certain premium pay-overtime, holiday, and night differential-but
Sunday pay is not mentioned. This is apparently an oversight.
Section 1207(c) provides for the continuation of service of Government em-
ployees for various purposes during periods of training as a member of the Corps,
and refers specifically to that section of Title 5, U.S. Code, relating to Civil Serv-
ice retirement, but does not mention the Foreign Service retirement system, or
any other civilian contributory system. This section is also unclear as to the
retirement contribution in case an employee is on less than full pay.
Section 1207(d) provides that on resumption of regular duties, "the depart-
ment or agency shall restore such officer's or employee's sick leave account, by
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credit or charge" to its status at the time he commenced education, training,"
etc. The specific mention of sick leave raises the question of whether sick leave
is available during such period of training, and raises the' same question with
respect to annual leave and its disposition upon return to regular duties. Similar
questions arise on military leave.
The travel and transportation expenses of a Foreign Service employee, who
might travel to place of training, under this act, is authorized by section 5724
of Title 5 of the U.S. Code. This is a conflict, or superimposition upon the au-
thority under which Foreign Service employees travel, which is a part of Title 22
of the U.S. Code.
It is noted that section 1207 provides that section 1206 (which refers to sub-
sistence pay for student members) shall not apply to any Government officers or
employees admitted to the Corps under this section. The effect therefore seems to
be that student members are allowed $30 per training month for dependents,
including each dependent not a spouse or child, whereas the Government employee
receives no subsistence for dependents, thus placing him in a less favorable posi-
tion, and in addition his agency could place him in a partial pay status (luring
such training period.
SECTION 1208-AGREEMENT
The agreement arrangement is similar to that required by 5 U.S.C. 4101-4118
(formerly the Government Employees Training Act), and to that required by
Foreign Affairs Manual Circular 485 (now codified into 3 FAM 817) for person-
nel who receive training under the authority of the Foreign Service Act, the
latter being an administrative requirement applicable to Foreign Service employ-
ees of the Department and the United States Information Agency.
SECTION 1209-ASSIGNMENT
See comments on section 1205.
SECTION 1210-COMPULSORY SERVICE IN THE UNITED STATES
The requirement of compulsory service in the United States for a minimum
period of "one year during every five" (for members of the Corps after they
become Government employees) creates a situation-at least in the Department
of State-whereby Foreign Service employees who are also Corps members would
require special handling with respect to tours of duty abroad. Section 572 of
the Foreign Service Act requires that Foreign Service officers spend 3 years out
of the first 15 in the United States. At present Foreign Service officers can ex-
pect to spend about two-thirds of their time abroad and about one-third in
the United States daring the course of a normal career. Administration of the
Service requires flexibility in determining the length and timing of tours of duty
for individual officers.
If a member of the Corps should be appointed as a Reserve or Staff in the
Foreign Service, again they would be in a special category, since there are at
present no statutory requirements for Reserves and Staff with respect to time
to be spent in the United States.
SECTION 1211-TRANSFER OF THE FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE
Section 1211 would transfer all functions . of PSI to the Board. The super-
vision of the Institute seems to be removed from the Secretary of State and
transferred to the Board, which is composed of persons who have other full-time
occupations.
If the Institute were transferred to an organization outside the Department,
some types of training programs now administered by or through the Institute
would need to be continued by the Department for its employees. If all func-
tions, funds and personnel of the Institute were transferred the Secretary of
State would be deprived of the capability of continuing such training programs.
SECTION 1212-STAFF OF BOARD
The Board is authorized to appoint and fix the compensation of not more than
five professional staff members, and such clerical staff members as may be neces-
sary, but such appoinment authority is circumscribed by the application of the
rules governing appointments in the competitive service and the laws pertaining
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to classification and the General Schedule pay rates. This would appear to limit
such compensation to the GS-18 grade level and to require that such appoint-
ments be made of persons eligible for appointment to competitive positions.
Senator DoMixicic. The bill provides as you know, a sizeable
scholarship program. Full educational aid-tuition, fees, room and
board-would be available for students interested in working for the
Government in a civilian capacity. The positions for which they
would be educated would be those which either require actual resi-
dence in a foreign country, or those where the point of residence would
remain within the United States but the position requires regular
contact with citizens of other countries. Some scholarships would be
for undergraduate schooling; others for graduate schooling.
Many Government agencies already have job slots which fit this
description. Just as important as the new input we would receive in
these agencies from the graduating students, are those people already
employed by the Federal Government in those positions. They, too,
would be eligible for scholarships to further their education on a con-
tinuing basis.
What is the extent of need for better education in this area?
First, let me emphasize this is not a program to train or to replace
Foreign Service officers. As of November 30, 1969, there were only
3,278 active members in that select group known as Foreign Service
officers.
In retrospect, the choice of the term "Foreign Service" to be placed
with the term "Corps" has proven unfortunate and misleading. While
Foreign Service officers would be eligible for scholarships, they com-
prise only a tiny fraction of the civilian employees the bill is designed
to assist.
Aside from employees resident within the United States who would
be eligible, almost every Federal department and agency has U.S.
citizens employed in foreign countries. Reliable data on how many
there are, in what country they are located, and particularly what
they are doing and their educational background is difficult to obtain.
Nevertheless, rarely have I been as disappointed with a report filed
with a Senate committee as I am with the one filed by the General
Accounting Office, dated April 1, 1969, commenting on my bill. With
all due respect to GAO, the report glosses over the problem and is
rather typical of the lack of interest and lack of awareness with these
issues that I have found in the various Government departments and
agencies.
Let me give you an example. The GAO report on S. 939 states:
In April, 1968, it was announced that there were 22,757 United States citizens
employed overseas, and that this would be reduced by 2,779 with similar reduc-
tions in foreign national and contract employment. Special efforts are being
made to provide jobs for these people in the continental United States and, as
a result, there may be some question as to the need for substantial recruitment
at this time.
Contrast the GA.O information, if you will, with that I obtained
from the Manpower Statistics Division of the Civil Service Commis-
sion. As of June 30, 1.968-just 60 days after GAO asserts there were
22,757 U.S. citizens employed overseas and the number was declining-
citizens on the payroll. as civilians overseas totaled 58,841. Of that
amount, 318,029 were in foreign countries and 20,812 were in U.S.
territories. The total is over twice what GAO reported.
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The latest information available from the Civil Service Commission
is for the month of December, 1969. It shows a total of 63,594 U.S.
citizens on the Federal payroll overseas. Of that amount, 42,332 are
in foreign countries and 21,262 in U.S. territories.
I mentioned that many Government agencies have employees in-
volved in areas which will be assisted by the scholarships. At the
conclusion of my remarks, I will offer several tables for the hearing
record with details. I will mention only a few of them at this point.
Setting aside for the moment the obvious examples of the State
Department, USIA and civilian employees of the Defense Department,
and .limiting the numbers strictly to those residing in foreign coun-
tries, the number of Federal civilian employees serving overseas as of
last December in some of the agencies is as follows :
Agriculture------------------------------------------------------ 685 333 352
Interior --------------------------------------------------------- 419 403 16
Transportation---------------------------------------------------- 328 298 30
Commerce-------------------------------------------------------- 286 160 126
Justice----------------------------------------------------------- 199 173 26
HEW------------------------------------------------------------- 182 180 2
Let me stress that these figures only include those actually residing
overseas. Hopefully, these hearings will develop data with respect to
domestic employees who have contact with citizens from other coun-
tries in conducting various government programs.
As Senator Pell so ably stated during the 1963 hearings of the For-
eign Relations Committee on alternative bills to establish a Govern-
ment-owned academy :
"We need to do more in this field-of that there is general agreement. The
question is how to do it."
The bill before us today is not a foreign service academy bill. Pro-
posals of that type were first introduced in Congress in 1943. No prog-
ress has been made in 27 years. I believe new direction is needed.
Instead, this bill provides scholarships which may be used at institu-
tions of higher education throughout the United States. There are 77
institutions in 31 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico,
which offer career curricula in 'international relations. This, I think,
puts in some needed flexibility.
Quite frankly, I find myself again in agreement with Senator Pell
when lie observed at the 1963 hearings :
I believe we can do the job of better preparing those who represent us abroad
by better utilizing existing facilities in our great universities and by better
utilizing and expanding the facilities of the Foreign Service Institute . . . We
should increase the number of our Government people attending the Institute,
as well as sending our foreign affairs people to our universities.
DIy bill continues the Foreign Service Institute, and by bringing it
into the scope of the Higher Education Act offers the opportunity tc
greatly strengthen it.
Let me list briefly the chief characteristics and advantages I see in
this new approach.
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First. It utilizes, rather than competes with, the facilities and aca-
demic expertise of educational institutions, public and private, while
preserving their control and objectiveness.
Second. It offers varied but carefully coordinated undergraduate
and graduate programs including field training for student scholar-
ship recipients as well as inservice training and research.
Third. It harnesses a continual and prepared reservoir of repre-
sentative talent from diverse sectors of American life with a variety of
educational backgrounds from many colleges and universities.
Fourth. It provides access to the full breadth of disciplines taught
by the top minds of the country.
Fifth. It maintains the desirable flexibility and independence to
maximize opportunities for charting new courses and altering old ones
in foreign affairs education and practice.
Sixth: It concentrates our investment in people instead of property,
avoiding large capital outlays for buildings, grounds and equipment.
The bill refers to not more than 3,500 undergraduate scholarships,
and not more than 1,500 graduate scholarships. In other words, these
are ceiling figures. The Board of Trustees is required to consult with
the various Government departments as to their personnel needs in
making projections of requirements for future employees, and deter-
mining whether 100 or 1,000 scholarships are to be awarded each year.
The scholarships are not intended to be limited solely to those who
are residing or will be residing overseas. Nor are they intended to be
limited solely to those directly involved in making foreign policy.
There are many employees residing in the United States who assist
in the management of our international affairs programs and have
contact with citizens of other countries.
There are many employees abroad. Some are technicians. Some are
in communications. There are a variety of other occupations. Certainly
I am trying to reach these people with the scholarship program as well
as those who may be directly involved in making foreign policy.
I must comment for the record that some of the agencies I have been
in touch with concerning these hearings have left me with a feeling of
amazement. Some seemed surprised at the number of employees they
had overseas. Others expressed the feeling that since they only had a
few hundred employees in this capacity, the bill would be of little im-
portance to them. I could not disagree more.
It may be helpful to put in perspective the economics and efficiency
I foresee with the corps program. As a point of comparison, let us
consider the costs involved at the military academies. The Special Sub-
committee on Service Academies of the House Armed Services Com-
mittee held hearings on this subject in the 90th Congress. The cost of
commissioning each student at the Naval Academy in fiscal year 1967
$48,697 and at the Air Force
was $40,200, at the Military Academy,
Academy, $50,933.
On the other hand, the ROTC program-which uses a system of
scholarships similar to that in my bill-costs the American taxpayer
about $7,500 per student up to the date of his commission.
Mr. Chairman, there is one other observation I would like to make
for the hearing record. It involves the State Department.
Since these hearings were announced, I am advised State Depart-
ment representatives have put a great deal of pressure on other depart-
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ments and agencies-which I will not identify-either urging them not
to appear to testify on the bill or to defer-judgment solely to the State
Department.
I must say I am a little perturbed even though I have always held
the view that the State Department feels it is the sole fountain of
knowledge when it comes to contact with citizens of other countries.
A second item, however, causes me greater concern. After obtaining
the tentative witness list for these hearings by a telephone call to my
office, an employee of the State Department was in touch with one of
those listed. Again, I do not want to identify names.
I will let those who read the record be their own judge.
Mr. Chairman, just a brief word for the hearing record concerning
the parliamentary situation on the bill. I first introduced it in 1968 as
S. 3700. The bill was reported favorably by the Senate Education Sub-
committee and the Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee in
July, 1968, along with other new titles to the Higher Education Act.
When the bill reached the floor that year, committee jurisdiction was
contested by the Foreign Relations Committee. With assurances for
public hearings on the bill, I reluctantly moved to strike it on the floor
of the Senate in July, 1968.
I have agreed that following completion of consideration of this
measure by the Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee, I will ask
that it be referred to the Foreign Relations Committee under a mu-
tually satisfactory arrangement to be made at that time. I have dis-
cussed this with various people on the Foreign Relations Committee.
However, I continue to feel this scholarship program was just as
properly referred to our committee as was the International Educa-
tion Act of 1966.
To conclude, Mr. Chairman, we do not yet have a coordinated and
efficient system for training personnel from all agencies who work
with citizens of other countries. The independent efforts of the many
departments and agencies cannot meet the challenge.
No other events in our lifetime will serve so well to mark the small-
ness of the earth as will the achievements of Apollo VIII, Apollo XI,
and Apollo XII. The need for men to live together in peace and un-
derstanding has been awakened in America and around the globe.
The United States needs to listen as well as to act and employees of
our Government who have contact with citizens of other countries need
the finest possible training to insure our ability to listen and under-
stand, and to insure our capacity to persuade others of our search for
peace.
In closing, let me read for the record the words of Astronaut Frank
Borman, written after his return from the moon :
The view of the earth from the moon fascinated me-a small disk, 240,000
miles away. It was hard to think that that little thing held so many problems, so
many frustrations. Raging nationalistic interests, famines, wars, pestilence
don't show from that distance.
I am convinced that some wayward stranger in a spacecraft, coming from
some other part of the heavens, could look at earth and never know that it was
inha.bitated at all. But the same wayward stranger would certainly know
instinctively that if the earth were inhabited, then the destinies of all who lived
on it must inevitably be interwoven and joined. We are one hunk of ground,
water, air, clouds, floating around in space. From out there it really is one world.
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 Approved For Release 2009/06/04: CIA-RDP05SO062OR000200490014-2
Mr. Chairman, I have received and am expecting some letters of
comment on the bill and I would like to have the subcommittee's per-
mission to submit those for the hearing record.
With American leadership and overseas concern, with our role as
the leader of the free world, with our continued involvement with na-
tions in all areas of the world, it seems to me that the people who are
working for our Government overseas and in contact with other people
should have the best training that we can provide for them. This, after
all, may be the first step in trying to understand what this country is
about and what it is trying to do.
Mr. Chairman I would like to request that the following tables be
placed in the hearing record at this point :
Exhibit I-Federal civilian employees serving overseas, by agency,
December, 1969. Exhibit II-Accessions and separations of Federal
civilian employees overseas, by agency, for the month of August, 1969.
Exhibit III-Federal civilian employees serving overseas, by coun-
try, June, 1968. Exhibit IV-Cost of commissioning cadets at each
Service academy, fiscal year 1967. Exhibit V-Capital investment,
enrollment and operating cost at each Service academy, fiscal year
1968.
Senator PELL. They will be printed in the hearing record and in
addition to that, I would like the staff to insert in the record, the cost
for the Coast Guard Academy and the Merchant Marine Academy.
(The exhibits, subsequently supplied follow:)
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 Approved For Release 2009/06/04: CIA-RDP05SO062OR000200490014-2
EXHIBIT I-FEDERAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES SERVING OVERSEAS, BY AGENCY, DECEMBER 1969
21,262
15,863
205,690
42,332
163,358
---------
98
98
51
3
15
15
----------
11
--------
--
30,337
10,958
19,379
12,026
4,146
7,880
543
436
107
417
________ _
255
217
38
-
-
-
-
-
12
1,
6
8
4
, 306
306
21
88,158
16 882
71, 276
6,371
658
37,732
3,376
34,356
2,320
833
38,611
7,471
31
140
12
--------
591
262
,
329
222
-------
199 199
173
26
2,364
22
15
3
12
172
5
419
403
16
557
86
1
2
685
333
352
286
160
126
59
----------
13
13
----------
432
33
182
180
2
227
921
19
328
298
-------30
398
37
361
9
----------
21
21
___--_
1,762
1,613
____
9__-_____ ---------------------------------
____
F
d
era
e
lD
epositlnsurance Corporation--- 2
2 ---------------------------------------
2
2
GeneralServicesAdministration_____ 60 50 50 -----------------------------------
Information Agency--------------- 12 15 _---- --
--- 6,902 _ 6,902 1,275 5,627
National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration-------------------- ------ 21 2 2 --------- 19 18 1
National Labor Relations Board --------- 26 26 26
National Science Foundation_____ _______ 16 ------ ____
Panama Canal Com an - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16 16 _ _ _ - _ - - _ _ _
S e l e c t i P Y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12,644 12,644 2,312 10,332 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
v u Service S y s t e m ___________170 170 170 _______-______-__-_-_-_--__________-----
SmallusinessAdministration__________ 77 77 77 __ ________
Smithsonian Institution________________ 45 44 14 30 1 1 -__-____
Tennessee Valley Authority_____________ 4 __
Veterans' Administration___________ 1,224 923 917 ---------- 4 6 ---_
6 301 26 275
I Includes November figures for AID and Department of the Army. These 2 agencies account for about
total. 104,000 of the
2 November 1969 figures; December not available as yet.
U.S. territories Foreign countries
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
U.S. Non- U.S. Non-
Total Total citizens citizens Total citizens citizens
Total, all agencies --------------- 1242,815 37,125
General Accounting Office______________ 98 ___
FedeLibraryralofcourtsCongress---------_
-------- 15 -
_____________Corps) _______ 54 -54
State (includes AID an-d-
nd Peace ___ 30,348 11
Agency for international Develop-
ment2------------------------- 12,026 -------
Peace Corps______________ - - -- 554
Defense: ry___________________________ 672 417
Defense:
Office of the Secretary ------------- 94 ----
Department
Depart of the Army z----------- 92,148 3, 990
ment of the Navy___________ 44,761 7,029
Department of the Air Force -------- 41,764 3,153
Other Defense activities -------- ____ 603 12
Justice_______________
------ --------- - 421 222
Post Office________-__- 2,401 2,386
Interior______________________________ 596 177
Agriculture --------------------------- 1,243 558
Commerce___________________________ 374 88
Labor
------------------------ 72 59
Health, Education, and Welfare ------- 647 465
Housing and Urban Development-------- 227 227
Transportation__________ __________ 1,268 940
American Battle Monuments Commis-
sion ------------------------------- 398
Canal Atomic Zone Energy C Government ommission_____________ 30 9
_________3,375 3,375
Civil Service Commission9 g
Farm Credit Administration
________________________
Federal Communications Commission
6
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 Approved For Release 2009/06/04: CIA-RDP05SO062OR000200490014-2
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 Approved For Release 2009/06/04: CIA-RDP05SO062OR000200490014-2
43
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