NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER THE YEARS OF PROJECT HTAUTOMAT, 1956 - 1958 VOLUME V

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP04T00184R000400050001-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 88
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 12, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 1, 1974
• Content Type: REPORT

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NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
THE YEARS OF PROJECT HTAUTOMAT. 1956 _ 1958
VOLUME V
by
SeCl~et
NPIC 3
December 1974
Copy 1 of 2
PERMANENT HISTORICAL DOCUMENT
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WARNING
This docume~ contains information affecting the national
defense of the United States, within the meaning of Title
18, sections 7903 and 794, of the US Code, as amended.
Its transmission ar revelation of its contents to or re-
ceipt by an maauthorized person is pmhbited by law.
w~lnc No11cE
fHISIr1YE IMfEllIOENCE fOUlGES
AID MIEiMODS IN1IOlVlD
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Access ControZZed by CIA History Staff and DD/S&T
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
THE YEARS OF PROJECT HTAUTOMAT, 1956 - 1958
VOLUME V
by
Copies
#1 - CIA-HS
#2 - DD/S&T
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S~I~Kl. 1
Volume I
Page
Foreword iii
I. The First Looks Behind the Iron Curtain. 1
A. The Anatomy of HTA 3
1. Office of the Chief. 4
2. Special Projects Branch. 4
3. Industrial and Geographic Branches 6
4. Technical Intelligence .Branch. 8
5. Support Staff . 10
6. Administrative Staff 12
',
7. Statistical Branch, OCR. 12.
8. Military Liaison Components. 14
9. Central Branch 16
B. The First Eight Missions Dominate Events of.
July and August 18
1. The Eight Missions and Their Objectives. 20
2. Immediate Exploitation of the First
Eight Missions. 21
3. Detailed Exploitation During July
and August. 1956 24
4. Technical Support. 27
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Page
5. Support Activities 29
6. OCR Statistical Branch Charges
Forward 30
7. Task Force: Headquarters
Outpost 34
8. Return from Europe 35
II. The Middle East Crisis 45
A. U-2s Assume a Tactical Role. 45
B. HTA and the PARAMOUNT Committee. 47
C. Functioning of the PARAMOUNT Committee 54
E. HTA Continues Work on the First Eight
Missions .
F. A Stirring Giant . '. 60
G. PI Training. 67.
H. Looking Back 69
III. Back on Course 72
A. 74
B. Organizational Incongruity 75
C. Briefing-Aid Books 77
D. Soviet Long~Range Airfields. 80
E. Mozhaysk 84
F. Testing. Testing 100
G. Signs of Drought 105
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Page
IV.
Reorganization and Renewal 109
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Training and Orientation
Training and Orientation Offered by HTA.
New Tools for Eager Hands.
Familiar Tasks
Reorganization and Reassignment.
110
121
122
132
148
V.
On to Greater Accomplishments. 159
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
First Aerial Coverage of Russian
Scientific and Technical Installations.
Rejuvenation and Resumption of
Discoveries
1. Changing Faces and Responsibilities.
2. New Discoveries Dominate Work at HTA
Other Mouths to Feed
New Administrative Procedures.
Specter of a Job Freeze.
Volume II
159
162
163
166
171
178
182
VI.
JAM SESSION Steals the Show. 184
A.
Establishment of JAM SESSION
184
C.
GMIC Targets
203
1. The Tyura Tam Missile Test Center and
Test Range.
208
2. The Kapustin Yar biissile Test Center
and Test Range.
217
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3. Good-Bye to GMIC Consultants 240
D. Show and Tell. 242
E. Other PI Exploitation and Reportinc;. 251
F. Making Equipment Function Better and
Getting Better Equipment. 258
G. The HTAUTOMAT Organization Reacts to JAM
SESSION 271
VII. Winds of Change. 285
D. Not by JAM SESSION Alone 320
E. How to Proceed With the Publication
of Reports . . ~ . 327
F. Carpenters, Plumbers, and New Equipment. 334
G. People and Hierarchies 340
VIII. HTAUTOMAT Becomes the Photographic
Intelligence Center 355
A. The Last Months of JAM SESSION 355
1. COMINT Comes to MSB. .. 356
2. A Bear by the Tail 357
3. The Show Goes On 366
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4. A General on His Knees and PI Keys
376
5. Two Soviet Heavy Water Plants.
386
6. Uranium Mining and Milling Sites
390
B.
Keeping Busy
418
C.
Operating Procedures for HTA -- and PIC.
427
D.
Automated Mensuration -- With Bugs
438
F.
A Center at Last
Appendices
449
A.
Index .
457
B.
Chronology ~.
477
C.
Source References.
482
Volume IV
Figures, No. 1 through No. 39
Volume V
Figures, No. 40 through No. 86
Volume VI
Figures, No. 87 through No. 129
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Figure 1. Steuart Building ......... ................................. 2
Figure 2. The U-2: Reconnaissance Aircraft Supreme .................. 4
Figure 3. HTAUTOMAT: Organization and Key Personnel, July 1956...... 6
Figure 4. .............................. 8
Figure 5. Central Building .......................................... 10
Figure 6. Range of U-2 aircraft from operational bases ............... 12
Figure 7. Tracks of the first eight U-2 operational missions......... 14
Figure 8. MM 50 Surveying Camera ................... ................. 16
Figure 9. Orsha Airfield and probable special weapons storage area,
14 July 1956 ............................................. 18
Figure 10. Stryy Airfield and special weapons storage and loading
installation, 10 July 1956 ............................... 20
Figure 11. Mozhaysk Installation, 5 July 1956 ......................... 22
Figure 12. Domed Structure, Mozhaysk Installation ..................... 24
Figure 13. Artist's concept of the domed structure and its incomplete
counterpart (Unit 1) ..................................... 26
Figure 14. Oblique view and metrical analysis of the counterpart
of the completed dome .................................... 28
Figure 15. Composite layout of Units 4, 5, and 6 .......... ......... 30
Figure 16. P2V-7: Disappointment in Night Photo Reconnaissance....... 32
Figure 17. Comparator obtained from Photogrammetry, Inc . ............. 34
Figure 18. Mensuration teams in the Technical Intelligence
Services Branch, c. late 1957.....~ ...................... 36
Figure 19. The Reed Transforming Printer .....:........................ 38
Figure 20. The Reed Rectifier ......................................... 40
Figure 21. Modified Binocular Microscope .............................. 42
Figure 22. Using the Heath Prisms ..................................... 44
Figure 23. "Twin Eyes," 10 July 1956.. .. ....................... 46
Figure 24. Karangit Installation, 10 July~1956... ................... 48
Figure 25. HTA Organizational Realigrnnent, July 1957 .................. 50
Figure 26. U-2 bases and reference points for important targets
covered during the summer and fall of 1957 ............... 52
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Figure 39. Location and general geographical relationships
of the Tyura Tam Missile Test Center and
associated missile test range ............................ 78
Figure 40. Chief components of the Tyura Tam Missile
Test Center, August 1957 ................................. 80
Figure 41. Launch Area A, Tyura Tam Missile Test Center,
August 1957 ........................... ................. 82
Figure 42. Details and dimensions of the launching platform
and associated pit, Launch Area A, Tyura Tam
Missile Test Center, August 1957 ......................... 84
Figure 43. Range head facilities, Tyura Tam Missile Test
Center, August 1957 ...................................... 86
Figure 44. Details of launch support facilities,
Launch Area A, Tyura Tam Missile Test Center,
August 1957 .............................................. 88
Figure 45. Support Base, Tyura Tam Missile Test Center,
August 1957 .............................................. 90
Figure 46. Communications Area B, Tyura Tam Missile
Test Center, August 1957 ................................. 92
Figure 47. Rhombic and fishbone antenna arrays and the
orientation and dimensions of those in
Communications Area B, Tyura Tam Missile Test
Center, August 1957 ...................................... 94
Figure 48. Probable propellant production plant under
construction, Tyura Tam Missile Test Center,
August 1957 .............................................. 96
Figure 49. Probable primary direction of fire from
Launch Area A, Tyura Tam Missile Test Center ............. 98
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Page
Figure 50.
Figure 51.
Figure 52.
Figure 53.
Figure 54.
Figure 55.
Figure 56.
Figure 57.
Figure 58.
Figure 59.
Figure 60.
Figure 61.
Figure 62.
Figure 63.
Figure 64.
Figure 65.
Figure 66.
Figure 67.
Figure 68.
Probable terminal range instrumentation in the
Kamchatka Peninsula for the Tyura Tam Missile
Test Range, June and September 1957 ...................... 100
Communications Center under construction in
September 1957, near Kluychi on the Kamchatka
Peninsula ................................................ 102
Layout of range head facilities with respect to
each other and to the settlements of Kapustin
Yar and Vladimirovka, September 1957 ..................... 104
Zones 4, 5, and 6, Kapustin Yar Missile Test
Center, September 1957 ................................... 106
Layout of facilities, Zones 7 and 8, Kapustin
Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957 .................. 108
Trailer-mounted Soviet MRBM associated by
JAM SESSION consultants with firings from
Zone 7, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center ................. 110
Tank-mounted short-range Soviet ballistic
missile associated by JAM SESSION consultants
with firings from the smaller pads at Zone 7,
Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center ......................... 112
Zones 7 and 8, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, as
they appeared on photography of 10 September 1957........ 114
Photograph of Zone 9, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center,
September 1957 ........................................... 116
Layout of facilities, Zone 9, Kapustin Yar Missile
Test Center ......................:....................... 118
Launch Area South, Zone 9, Kapustin Yar Missile
Test Center, September 1957 .............................. 120
Photograph of launch complex, Zone 10, Kapustin
Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957 .................. 122
Perspective view of launch complex, Zone 10,
Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957......... 124
Zone 11, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center,
September 1957 ........................................... 126
Zone 12, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center,
September 1957 ........................................... 128
Vladimirovka Airfield Complex, Kapustin Yar Missile
Test Center, September 1957 .............................. 130
Cruise-missile test complex, Zone 15, Kapustin
Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957 .................. 132
Airborne-missile a"ssembly and loading complex,
Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957......... 134
Layout and dimensions of structures, airborne-
missile assembly and loading complex,
Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957......... 136
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Page
Figure 69. Surface-to-air missile test complex, Zone 1, Kapustin
Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957 .................. 138
Figure 70. Surface-to-air missile test range guidance and
instrumentation facilities, Zone 2, Kapustin
Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957 .................. 140
Figure 71. Surface-to-air missiles photographed in the Moscow
parade and believed to be the type tested at
the surface-to-air missile test facility,
Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center ......................... 142
Figure 72. Forward instrumentation, Zone 7, Kapustin Yar
Missile Test Center, September 1957 ...................... 144
Figure 73. Guidance and forward instrumentation, Zone 9,
Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957......... 146
Figure 74. L-shaped instrument patterns associated with
Zone 10, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center,
September 1957 ........................................... 148
Figure 75. The ALWAC III-E Computer ................................... 150
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) page
`~6"~~ ~~? 1.v~8~ivn or vozrozhdeniya Island, USSR.........
Figure 99. Vozrozhdeniya Island and facii;r;pa e?e?Q* ,os~
e onstantin Island facility, across the strait from
Vozrozhdeniya Island, August 1957 .
....................... 208
Figure 105. Supply Base at Aralsk for operations on
Vozrozhdeniya Island, August 1957.. 210
Figure 106. Prepared Table of Organization, 7 March.1958..?.~~~~~~~~~~~ 212
.............
Figure 107. Overall view of the Chirchik Electrochemical
Combine, August 1957 ..................................... 214
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Figure 110. The Kadshi-Say mining and milling complex,
..... ....... .... .. .............
August 1957.. ... ... ... ... 220
Figure 112. Location of the mining and milling sites at
Taboshar, Ispisar, and Mayly-Say with respect
to each other and to population centers in the
Fergana Valley of the USSR ............... ................ 224
Figure 113. The Mayly-Say mining and milling complex, August 1957..... 226
Figure 120. Pyatigorsk mining and milling complex, September 7.....
Figure 121. Geologic structures in the vicinity of Pyatigorsk......... 242
Figure 126. Bukhovo mining and milling complex, December 1957......... 252
Figure 129. The Nistri TA-3 Stereocomparator .......................... 258
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Chief components of the Tyura Tam Missile Test Center,
August 1957.
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Launch Area A, Tyura Tam Missile Test Center, August 1957.
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Details and dimensions of the launching platform and
associated pit, Launch Area A, Tyura Tam Missile Test
Center, August 1957.
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Range head facilities, Tyura Tam Missile Test Center,
August, 1957. A comparison of the line drawing with
Figure 42 and 44 will confirm the fact that much more
technical detail was extracted from the photography of
the key components than is represented in this gener-
alized representation of the entire range head.
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Details of the launch support facilities, Launch Area A,
Tyura Tam Missile Test Center, August 1957. Note espe-
cially the water lines and pumphouse and the parked rail
cars.
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Support Base, Tyura Tam Missile Test Center, August 1957.
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Communications Area B, a receiving station activated in
the Support Base, Tyura Tam Missile Test Center. See
Figure 47 for orientation and dimensions of the antennas
and for sketches of rhombic and fishbone arrays. Data
displayed in the graphics and in tables (Figure 47) exem-
plify the detailed technical analysis on Soviet communica-
tions systems done during JAM SESSION using U-2 photography,
electronic intercepts, and the open literature.
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Rhombic and fishbone antenna arrays and the orientation
and dimensions of those in Communications Area B, Tyura
Tam Missile Test Center, August 1957.
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Probable propellant production plant under construction,
Tyura Tam Missile Test Center, August 1957.
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Probable primary direction of fire from Launch Area A,
Tyura Tam Missile Test Center.
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Probable terminal range instrumentation in the Kamchatka .
Peninsula for the Tyura Tam Missile Test Range, June and
September 1957. ,
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StC;RET
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t
The communications center under construction in September
1957 near the town of Klyuchi, in the Kamchatka Peninsula.
This center was believed associated with the Tyura Tam
Missile Test Range.
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Layout of the range head facilities with respect to each
other and to the settlements of Kapustin Yar and Vladimirovka,
September 1957. The number 16 designates Vladimirovka and 17
identifies Kapustin Yar.
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LEGEND
RA1lROAD
PRIMARY ROAD
SECONDARY ROAD
A--- INSTRUMENTATION SITES
~.---..-.-~ ESCARPMENT
0 5 10
~ i i
NAUTICAL MILES
VLADIMINOVKA
1'.
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Zones 4, 5, and 6, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, Sep-
tember 1957.
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NAUTICAL MILES
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FZGUF{E 5~+
Layout of PacilitgLe's, Zones 7 and 8, Kapustin Yar Missile
Test Center, September 1957?
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~11'I'1-N7' ANE:1 ?
ZONE 7
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In~gll~tbn
MLti.~11.E LAUti(]IIN1: ANF.Ati
l.UNE 8 -
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Trailer-mounted S.~pviet MRBM associated by JAM SESSION
consultants with firings from the main pads, Zone 7, Kapu$-
tin Yar Missile Test Center.
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TRAILER MOUNTED MEDIUM RANGE BALLISTIC MISSILE
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FIGURE 56
Tank-mounted short-range Soviet ballistic missile associated
by JAM SESSION consultants with firings from the smaller pads
at Zone 7, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/12 :CIA-RDP04T00184R000400050001-7 ~ ~~;
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TANK MOUNTED SHORT RANGE BALLISTIC MISSILE
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:.
Zones 7 and 8, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, as they appeared
on photography of 10 September 1957.
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FIGURE 58
i.
Photograph of Zone 9, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, Sep-
tember 1957?
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FzGUxE 59
Layout of facilities, Zone g, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center,
September 1957
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FIGUFE 60
Launch Area South, Zone 9, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center,
September 1957. Note the erected missile on the center pad.
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FIGURE 61
Photograph of launch complex, Zone 10, Kapustin Yar Missile Test
Center, September 1957?
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FIGURE 62
Perspective view of launch complex, Zone 10, Kapustin Yar
Missile Test Center, September 1957.
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FIGURE 63
Zone 11, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957?
This facility was believed to be some kind of missile com-
ponent manufacturing and test facility.
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FIGURE 64
Zone 12, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957?
It was thought that'this facility might be used as an assem-
bly and support facility for the Zone 10 launch area.
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FIGUFE 65
Vladimirovka Airfield Complex, Kapustin Yar Missile Test
Center, September 1957. Zone 13 was the airbone-missile
assembly and loading complex and Zone 1~+ was what was
characterized as .a missile assembly and support facility
for Zone 10.
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Cruise-missile test complex, Zone 15, Kapustin Yar Missile
Test Center, September 1957.
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FIGURE 67
Airborne-missile assembly and loading complex, Kapustin Yar
Missile Test Center, September 1957?
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FIGURE 68
Layout and dimensions of structures, airborne-missile
assembly and loading complex, Kapustin Yar Missile Test
Center, September 1957?
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FIGURE 69
Surface-to-air missile test complex, Zone 1,
Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957?
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POSSIBLE NEW TYPE ELECTRONIC SITE
SAM LAUNCH AREA -NORTH
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FIGURE 70
Surface-to-air missile test range guidance and instrumen-
tation facilities, Zone 2, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center,
September 1957.
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Surface-to-air missiles photographed in the Moscow parade
and believed to be the type tested at the surface-to-air
missile test facility, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center.
The upper. photograph shows a front view and the lower a
rear view. ~
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Forward instrumentation, Zone 7, Kapustin Yar Missile Test
Center, September 1957?
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Guidance and forward instrumentation, Zone 9, Kapustin Yar
Missile Test Center,. September 1957?
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FIGURE 71+
L-shaped instrument patterns associated with Zone 10, Kapus-
tin Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957. The dashed lines
show cable scars connecting instrumentation and other elec-
tronics sites associated with the L-shaped patterns.
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The ALWAC III-E Computer. This piece of equipment virtually
filled the small corner room where it was located on the
sixth floor of the Steuart Building. At the extreme right
of the photograph is the power supply unit. At the left,
with one door removed is the memory unit. In the center
of the photograph, with one door off and one door on, is
the arithmetic or logic unit. The open portion of the latter
unit reveals the circuit boards with their vacuum tubes.
The heat generated by the ALWAC caused serious cooling
problems. In addition to the central air conditioning,
there were two or three window units in the room. At the
lower left of the photograph, is the control console and,
to the left of it, a corner of the Flexowriter which was
used for input and output.
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