COLLECTED WORKS OF MAO TSE-TUNG 1917-1949 VOLUME 3

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 288
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 19, 2008
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 5, 1978
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
COLLECTED WORKS OF MAO TSE-TUNG
(1917 - 1949)
VOLUME 3
U. S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE
lNumommimmm=
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
^
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22151. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.
Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.
Indexes to this report (by keyword, author, personal names,
title and series) are available through Bell & Howell, Old
Mansfield Road, Wooster, Ohio, 44691.
Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA
1. Report No.
71911-2
2.
3. Recipient's Accession No.
SHEET
4. rid c and Subtitle
5. Report Date
5 October 1978
COLLECTED WORKS OF MAO TSE-TUNG
(1917-1949), Volume 3
6.
7. Author(s)
8. Performing Organization Rept.
No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
Joint Publications Research Service
1000 North Glebe Road
11. Contract/Grant No.
Arlington, Virginia 22201
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
13. Type of Report & Period
Covered
As above
14.
15. Supplementary Notes
MAO TSE-TUNG CHI, Hong Kong, 1975
16. Abstracts
This report contains selected speeches, articles,
essays, reports, letters,
interviews, declarations, decrees, telegrams, poems, inscriptions of Mao
Tse-tung covering a multitude of subjects..
17. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17a. Descriptors
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Behavioral and Social Science
Political
Mao Tse-tung
17b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
17e. COSATI Field/Group 05
18. Availability Statement
19.. Security Class (This
21. No. of Pages
Unlimited Availability
Report)
'cIF
283
Sold by NTIS
720. Security Class (This
22. Price
Springfield, Virginia 22151
Page
UNCLASSIFIED
THIS FORM MAY BE REPRODUCED
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
5 October 1978
COLLECTED WORKS OF MAO TSE-TUNG
(1917 - 1949)
VOLUME 3
Hong Kong MAO TSE-TUNG CHI in Chinese, Vols 1-10, Oct 1975
CONTENTS PAGE
Volume 3 (pp 1, 3-45, 47-91, 93-127, 139-321, 323-366)
Open Letter to Fraternal Soldiers of the White Army on the Forced
Occupation of Manchuria by Japanese Imperialism (25 September 1931)... 1
Resolution on Promulgation of Provisional Tax Law--Adopted at the
First Session of Central Executive Committee (28 November 1931)...... 4
Election Law of the Chinese Soviet Republic--Adopted at the First
Plenary Session of the Central Executive Committee (November 1931)... 5
Resolution on the Marriage Law--Adopted at the First Session of Central
Executive Committee (28 November 1931) ............................... 14
Provisional Tax Law--Notice No_.4 of the Provisional Central
Government (1 December 1931) ......................................... 15
Marriage Law (1 December 1931) ......................................... 20
On the Election of Central Executive Committee Members and People's
Council Members at the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviet
Republic--Notice No 1 of Central Executive Committee (1 December 1931) 24
Land Law of the Chinese Soviet Republic--Adopted at the First National
Congress of the Chinese Worker-Peasant-Soldier Soviet (1 December 1931) 27
Economic Policy of the Chinese Soviet Republic (1 December 1931) ........ 32
Circular for the Arrest of Ku Shun-Chang, Traitor to the Revolution
(10 December 1931) .................................................... 35
[II - CC]
[III - CC - 80]
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
CONTENTS (Continued) Page
Open Letter to the People of the Whole Country on the Betrayal of
Chinese National Interests by the Kuomintang Reactionary Government
(11 December 1931) ................................................... 38
Important Directive on Construction of the Soviet (15 December 1931)... 42
Resolution on the Execution of the Labor Law (20 December 1931) ........ 44
Labor Law (Issued 1 January 1932) ...................................... 45
Detailed Functions of the Election Committee (December 1931) ........... 58
Practical Measures for Carrying Out Regulations Governing Preferential
Treatment for Red Army Members (1 February 1932) ................... 62
Resolution on the Conviction of Important Military Criminals of the
Reformed Faction of the AB Group by the Provisional Supreme Court
(February 1932) ...................................................... 67
Letter from Mao Tse-tung to Yuan Kuo-p'ing (6 March 1932) .............. 69
Letter to West Fukien on the Work at Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing
(9 March 1932) ....................................................... 72
Directive from Provisional Central Government to First Worker-Peasant-
Soldier Soviet Congress in Fukien Province (March 1932) .............. 79
Order of the Provisional Central Government on Mobilization and
Declaration of War Against Japan (15 April 1932) ..................... 85
Circular Telegram Against the Kuomintang Signing an Agreement To S%11
Woosung-Shanghai (9 May 1932) ........................................ 90
Telegram from the Central Government to the Hunan-Kiangsi Provincial
Worker-Peasant-Soldier Congress (9 June 1932) ........................ 92
Provisional Organizational Outline of the Department of Internal
Affairs (20 June 1932) ............................................... 95
On Continuing the Reform of Local Soviet Governments (20 September 1932) 99
On Commemoration of the First Anniversary of the Central Government
(24 September 1932) ................................................ 102
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
COLLECTED WORKS OF MAO TSE-TUNG
(1917 - 1949)
VOLUME 3
Hong Kong MAO TSE-TUNG CHI in Chinese, Vols 1-10, Oct 1975
CONTENTS PAGE
Volume 3 (pp 1, 3-45, 47-91, 93-127, 139-321, 323-366)
Open Letter to Fraternal Soldiers of the White Army on the Forced
Occupation of Manchuria by Japanese Imperialism (25 September 1931)... 1
Resolution on Promulgation of Provisional Tax Law--Adopted at the
First Session of Central Executive Committee (28 November 1931)...... 4
Election Law of the Chinese Soviet Republic--Adopted at the First
Plenary Session of the Central Executive Committee (November 1931)... 5
Resolution on the Marriage Law--Adopted at the First Session of Central
Executive Committee (28 November 1931) ............................... 14
Provisional Tax Law--Notice No,. 4 of the Provisional Central
Government (1 December 1931) ......................................... 15
Marriage Law (1 December 1931) ......................................... 20
On the Election of Central Executive Committee Members and People's
Council Members at the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviet
Republic--Notice No 1 of Central Executive Committee (1 December 1931) 24
Land Law of the Chinese Soviet Republic--Adopted at the First National
Congress of the Chinese Worker-Peasant-Soldier Soviet (1 December 1931) 27
Economic Policy of the Chinese Soviet Republic (1 December 1931) ........ 32
Circular for the Arrest of Ku Shun-Chang, Traitor to the Revolution
(10 December 1931) .................................................... 35
- a - [II - CC]
(III - CC - 80]
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
Open Letter to the People of the Whole Country on the Betrayal of
Chinese National Interests by the Kuomintang Reactionary Government
(11 December 1931) ................................................... 38
Important Directive on Construction of the Soviet (15 December 1931)... 42
Resolution on the Execution of the Labor Law (20 December 1931) ........ 44
Labor Law (Issued 1 January 1932) ...................................... 45
Detailed Functions of the Election Committee (December 1931) ........... 58
Practical Measures for Carrying Out Regulations Governing Preferential
Treatment for Red Army Members (1 February 1932) ................... 62
Resolution on the Conviction of Important Military Criminals of the
Reformed Faction of the AB Group by the Provisional Supreme Court
(February 1932) ...................................................... 67
Letter from Mao Tse-tung to Yuan Kuo-p'ing (6 March 1932) .............. 69
Letter to West Fukien on the Work at Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing
(9 March 1932) ....................................................... 72
Directive from Provisional Central Government to First Worker-Peasant-
Soldier Soviet Congress in Fukien Province (March 1932) .............. 79
Order of the Provisional Central Government on Mobilization and
Declaration of War Against Japan (15 April 1932) ..................... 85
Circular Telegram Against the Kuomintang Signing an Agreement To Sell
Woosung-Shanghai (9 May 1932) ........................................ 90
Telegram from the Central Government to the Hunan-Kiangsi Provincial
Worker-Peasant-Soldier Congress (9 June 1932) ........................ 92
Provisional Organizational Outline of the Department of Internal
Affairs (20 June 1932) ............................................... 95
On Continuing the Reform of Local Soviet Governments (20 September 1932) 99
On Commemoration of the First Anniversary of the Central Government
(24 September 1932) ................................................ 102
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
CONTENTS (Continued) Page
Telegram Against the Report of the International Investigation
Delegation (6 October 1932) ......................................... 104
On Emergency Mobilization for War (13 October 1932) ................... 107
Order No 29 of Central People's Committee (13 October 1932) ........... 112
Order No 30 of Central People's Committee (13 October 1932) ........... 113
On the Second Issue of Revolutionary War Bonds (21 October 1932) ...... 114
Organize Labor Teams with Rich Peasants (25 November 1932) ............ 118
Cultivate More Grain and Prohibit Opium Cultivation--Notice No 13 of
Provisional Central Government (25 November 1932) ................... 119
On Mobilization for War and the Style of Work--Urgent Resolution of
Central People's Committee (29 November 1932) ....................... 121
On Investigation of Election Movements at Various Levels--Resolution
of Central Executive Committee (1 December 1932) .................... 127
In Commemoration of the Anniversary of the Canton and Ning-tu Riots--
Order No 36 of Central People's Committee (2 December 1932) ......... 131
Directive No 8 of Central People's Committee (27 December 1932) ....... 132
On Strict Control of Department Persons--Order No 37 of Central
People's Committee (27 December 1932) ............................... .134
On Starting Spring Planting Early in Order to Concentrate Forces to
Smash Enemy Large-Scale Attacks--Directive No 18 of Central
Executive Committee (28 December 1932) .............................. 136
Rename Ning-tu Hsien Po-sheng County and Convene a Memorial Meeting
To Commemorate Comrade Chao Po-sheng--Order No 15 of Central
Executive Committee (13 January 1933) ............................... 138
Declaration of the Revolutionary Military Commission of the Worker-
Peasant Red Army of the Provisional Central Government (17 January
1933) ................................................................ 139
On the Lending,of Grain to the Red Army by the Revolutionary Masses
(1 March 1933) ...................................................... 141
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
CONTENTS (Continued) Page
Oppose Japanese Imperialists' Occupation of Jehol and Attack on
Peking and Tientsin (3 March 1933) .................................. 145
On the Matter of Grain Redistribution Among the People to Keep Up the
Provisioning of the Armed Forces (4 March 1933) ..................... 148
Another Call to the People of the Country To Take Up Arms and Combat
Imperialism (4 March 1933) ............................ .......... 151
On the Question of Suppressing Internal Counterrevolution (15 March
1933) ............................................................... 154
On Mobilizing the Masses To Help Government Personnel in Their Farming
Work So To Relieve the Family Distress of Government Work Personnel
and Increase Government Work Efficiency (14 April 1933) ............. 157
Proclamation of the Provisional Central Government and the Military
Affairs Commission of the Worker-Peasant Red Army (15 April 1933)... 159
Letter to Responsible Persons in Soviets at All Levels of the Summer
Planting (22 April 1933) ............................................ 163
Directive on the Setting Up of the National Economy Ministry
(28 April'1933) ..................................................... 165
On Limiting Special Delivery Letters (11 May 1933) ..................... 167
Declaration on the KMT Sell-Out of Peking and Tientsin (30 May 1933).. 169
Carry Out an Extensive and Profound Land Investigation Movement
(1 June 1933) ...................................................:... 172
Meeting of Responsible Persons of Soviets of the District and Above
and Congress of Poor-Peasants' Leagues of the Eight Counties
(1 June 1933) ....................................................... 176
Appeal to the Masses of Jui-chin, Hui-Chang, Po-sheng, and Shih-ch'eng
Counties for. 50,000 Tan of Grain To Sell to the Red Army (June 1933).. 180
Open Cable Negating the Treasonable Agreement Signed by Kuomintang
(10 June 1933) ...................................................... 183
On Solving the Grain Problems of the Masses (16 June 1933) ............ 185
Report at the Land Investigation Movement Rally of Responsible Persons
of Soviets of the Ch'u Level and Above of the Eight Counties
(18-19 June 1933) ................................................... 187
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
CONTENTS (Continued) Page
Conclusions of the Land Investigation Movement Rally of Responsible
Persons of Soviets of the District Level and Above of the Eight
Counties (21 June 1933) ................................................ 193
How To Differentiate the Classes (June 1933) ............................. 205
On Promoting Grain Cooperatives (4 July 1933) ............................ 208
Resolution on "1 August" Commemoration Movement (11 July 1933) ........... 210
Open Cable Message Against the Treasonable Darien Conference Recently
Held (July 1933) ..................................................... 212
Letter to Soviet Government of Huang-po District of Jui-chin County on
the Land Investigation Movement (13 July 1933) ........................ 214
Organization and Operational Program of Poor-Peasant Groups (13 July
1933) ................................................................. 219
Decision of Central Executive Committee on the Redemarcation of Adminis-
trative Areas (21 July 1933) ......................................... 225
Decision of Central Executive Committee on the Issuance of Economic
Construction Bonds (22 July 1933) .................................... 227
Regulations Governing the Issuance of Economic Construction Bonds
(22 July 1933) ....................................................... 228
New Situation and New Tasks (July 1933) ................................ 230
Proclamation of Provisional Central Government on Convening the Second
National Soviet Congress (1 August 1933) ............................. 233
Cable of Greetings from Central Government to Red Army in Eastern Area
for Its Great Victory (8 August 1933) ................................ 236
Provisional Soviet Election Law (9 August 1933) ........................ 237
Central Government Cable Congratulating the Inauguration of the
International Anti-Imperialist and Anti-War Congress (August 1933)..., 247
Proletariat and Oppressed Nations of the Whole World, Unite!
(30 August 1933) ..................................................... 249
On the Ways and Means To Sell Bonds (28 August 1933) ................... 251
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
CONTENTS (Continued) Page
Central Government Directive on Rectifying the Finance Ministry
(25 August 1933) ...................................................... 254
Preliminary Summary of the Land Investigation Movement (August 1933).... 256
Smashing the Fifth 'Encirclement and Suppression' and Fulfill Soviet
Economic Construction Tasks (12 August 1933) .......................... 268
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
OPEN LETTER TO FRATERNAL SOLDIERS OF THE WHITE ARMY ON THE FORCED OCCUPATION
OF MANCHURIA BY JAPANESE IMPERIALISM
25 September 1931
[Text] Fraternal soldiers!
Did not warlords of the Kuomintang often tell you that your duty is to "pro-
tect our country and defend our people?" But look, troops of Japanese
imperialism have occupied by force all of the major cities in Manchuria,
massacred with guns and bombs the toiling masses of workers and peasants
and soldiers in Manchuria, and consider Manchuria wholly as a colony of
theirs. May I ask you: How are warlords of the Kuomintang performing their
duty to "protect our country and defend our people?" What are they saying
to you now?
As far as Japanese imperialist brutality is concerned, warlords of the
Kuomintang order you to "offer no resistance," to "receive adverse circum-
stances with acquiescence," to stretch out the neck so as to allow the
Japanese imperialist bandits to massacre you. They order you to become
"colonial slaves" of Japanese imperialism peaceably. From here you can see
that warlords of the Kuomintang can only pay court and yield to imperialism,
they can only act as running dogs of imperialism, they not only cannot "pro-
tect our country," but also cannot "defend our people!"
Nevertheless, the Kuomintang warlords, for the purpose of struggling for
positions and extending their areas of exploitation and wholesale slaughter
of the Chinese people, they have staged wild battles among themselves year
after year. For the sake of these warlords' wars, they have very courageously
driven you to the battlefield to kill your own brothers and destroy the life
and property of the people. They are exacting exorbitant taxes and miscel-
laneous levies, impressing men and horses for military coolie-service, and
sucking dry the last drop of blood of the toiling people. They are massacring
the revolutionary workers and peasants; they are compelling people to cultivate
opium so as to infect the masses; they are creating all over the country
calamities (flood, drought, famine), the like of which has never been seen
before. In exploiting and massacring the people, they all have shown con-
siderable resoluteness and fearlessness!
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Above all others, at a time when the masses of workers and peasants in our
Soviet areas, standing up voluntarily, have driven out all imperialists,
toppled the rule of the Kuomintang, confiscated all land of the landlord
class, carried out the 8-hour work system, created their own armed forces in
the Workers and Peasants' Red Army, and established the Workers and Peasants'
Soviet Government, all warlords of the Kuomintang are fighting desperately
for their lives and demonstrating their determination and bravery, have re-
lied upon help from the imperialists to attack us, not once or twice, but
three times. They have used planes, bombs, poison gas, artillery, and
machine guns to slaughter the people in the Soviet areas. All their attacks
have been smashed fearlessly by us and by the people, but if we do not root
them out completely, they will never ease up on us. In attacking the Soviet
Government of the people and the Red Army of the people, they also are ex-
tremely brave!
Fraternal soldiers! Have you not suffered enough from the deceit and oppres-
sion of these warlords? Think about it: After all, why are you risking your
life for these warlords? It may be that you are doing it so as to support
your family. As a matter of fact, you yourselves often do not receive a
cent in wages. You yourselves do not have enough to eat or enough to wear,
then how can you support your family? Your superior officers take you as
their oxen and horses, as cannon fodder, and want you to risk your life in
killing your own fraternal worker and peasant brothers so that they may be
promoted in rank and become wealthy!
Fraternal soldiers! You have got to think of a way out! There is a way out
for you. It is revolution! Now what you have in your hands are guns. First
of all, you kill your reactionary superior officers. Then join efforts with
the workers, peasants, and all other toiling people in your locality to topple
the government of the Kuomintang, confiscate the land of the landlord class
and distribute it among the poor peasants, seize the grain and dwellings of
the rich and portion them out for the poor to live and to eat. Make it so
that workers labor for only 8 hours a day, and organize yourselves so that
you manage your own affairs. In this way you will have created a workers,
peasants, and soldiers' government--i.e., a Soviet Government--and you all
will have become a workers and peasants' armed force--a workers and peasants'
Red Army. If there is already a Soviet Government or a Red Army near your
garrison, then you either catch your reactionary superior officers alive or
kill them and go there and join the Red Army. Only the Soviet Government,
only the Red Army, can safeguard the interests of workers, peasants, and
soldiers, overthrow the Kuomintang, overthrow imperialism, and truly protect
our country and defend our people!
Fraternal soldiers! Unite! Turn round your guns and fight so as to over-
throw imperialism and the Kuomintang, which are exploiting, oppressing, and
massacring the toiling masses of China, and establish a Soviet Government
and a Red Army of the workers, peasants, and soldiers! Several hundred
thousand fraternal soldiers of the Red Army welcome you to join our ranks!
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Down with Imperialism and the Kuomintang!
Establish a Soviet Government of the Workers, Peasants, and Soldiers!
Long Live the Workers and Peasants' Red Army!
Long Live the Victory of a Soviet Revolution in China!
Commander-in-Chief, Chinese Workers and
Peasants' Red Army and concurrently
Commander, 1st Army Corps: Chu Teh
Director, General Political Department,
Chinese Workers and Peasants' Red Army
Mao Tse-tung
Commander, 2nd Army Corps, Chinese Workers
and Peasants' Red Army Ho Lung
Commander, 3rd Army Corps,. Chinese Workers
and Peasants' Red Army P'eng Te-huai
Commander, 3rd Army, Chinese Workers and
Peasants' Red Army Huang Kung-lueh
25 September 1931
?jSoviet China, Soviet Union Foreign Workers Press (Moscow 1933)
7682
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
RESOLUTION ON PROMULGATION OF PROVISIONAL TAX LAW--ADOPTED AT THE FIRST SESSION
OF CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
[Text] 1. Tax yields are a most important source of state revenue and ex-
penditure. In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, the Central
Government has abolished all land tax, poll tax, exorbitant taxes, miscellaneous
levies, likin tax, etc. of the Kuomintang warlords and put into effect a
single progressive tax.
2. To any sector, a single progressive tax means that only one category of
tax shall be levied. The fundamental rule of tax collection is that apart
from placing the burden of paying taxes on the exploiting class, the matter
shall be resolved according to the principle of class. The exploited class
and people from the poorest strata shall be exempt from taxes.
3. At the present time, due to the revolutionary war, the Soviet areas all
over the country are not contiguous to one another. Because of this and many
other special circumstances, agricultural tax can only be levied with the
tax on staple products as a standard. For the time being, the tax on all
subsidiary products will not be imposed. Also, agricultural tax is levied
only from persons who produce more than enough to meet their necessary living
expenses on a progressive scale. All those who do not reach that standard
will be exempt from taxes. Taxes to be imposed on rich peasants will be
comparatively heavy. For them the standard for taxation will be lower by one-
half than that for poor peasants. This fundamental rule is prescribed to
enable the various provincial governments to determine the agricultural tax
rates according to local actual conditions.
4. With a view to developing the economy in the Soviet areas at present,
commercial export and import duty and industrial production tax will be dis-
pensed with for the time being.
5. This Tax Law will be put into effect on 1 December 1931.
Central Executive Committee
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairmen: Hsiang Ying
?Chinese Soviet Republic Economic Policy Chang Kuo-t'ao
*Red Bandit Reactionary Documents, No 4
7682
CSO: 4005 4
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ELECTION LAW OF THE CHINESE SOVIET REPUBLIC--ADOPTED AT THE FIRST PLENARY
SESSION OF THE CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
November 1931
[Text] Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
This Election Law is specially promulgated according to Articles 68 to 79
of the Constitution for the purpose of unifying the procedure of elections
within the boundary of the Chinese Soviet Republic.
This Election Law shall become effective within the boundary of the Chinese
Soviet Republic.
Article 3
The Central Executive Committee has the right to suspend and revise this Law.
Article 4
Should a question arise about this Law or a dispute come about in its imple-
mentation, the right of interpretation of this Law is vested in the Central
Executive Committee.
Chapter II Right To Elect and To Be Elected
According to Article 68 of the Constitution, "All citizens residing within
the territory of the Chinese Soviet Republic who have reached the age of 16,
irrespective of sex, religion, or nationality, shall have the right to elect
and to be elected in the Soviet. However, these shall be limited to the
following kinds of people:
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
(a) All people who do not exploit the labor of others, such as hired laborers,
peasants, independent craftsmen, and the urban poor, and their family depen-
dents;
(b) People serving in the navy, army, and air force of the Chinese Soviet
Republic; and
(c) Those of the above two kinds of people who are at present incapable of
working or unemployed."
According to Article 69 of the Constitution, "People who belong to one of
the following kinds shall not have the right to elect or to be elected:
(a) Those who exploit the labor of others (including rich peasants);
(b) Those who depend upon profits on their land or capital for a living
and do not perform any labor themselves;
(c) Merchants, capitalists, and their agents, middlemen, and compradors.;
(d) Missionaries of all religions, clergymen, Buddhist monks, Taoist priests,
geomancers, and those who are preachers by occupation;
(e) The police, detectives, military police, bureaucrats, and warlords of
the Kuomintang and other reactionary governments, and reactionaries who
participate in opposing the interests of workers and peasants:
(f) Insane persons;
(g) People who have been convicted of a crime by the courts and are serving
their sentences; and
(h) Family dependents of persons mentioned in Items (a) to (e)."
Article 70 of the Constitution stipulates that "any one of the three kinds
of people listed in Article 68 of this Constitution who has committed any
of the offenses mentioned in Article 69 likewise shall not have the right to
elect and to be elected."
Chapter III Organs Dealing With Elections
According to Article 71 of the Constitution, organs dealing with elections
are listed as follows:
(a) In a municipality elections shall be conducted by an election committee
to be organized by the municipal Soviet. Its members shall number not more
than nine.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
(b) In the countryside elections shall be conducted by a district election
committee to be organized by the district executive committee. Its members
shall number not more than 11.
Article 8
In a large municipality or large district, branch offices may be set up under
the municipal election committee or district election committee and these
branch offices shall carry out their work under the direction of the head
office of the election committee concerned.
Article 9
Election committee members shall be reported by the municipal Soviets and
district executive committees to the county executive committee concerned
for investigation, after which the county executive committee shall report
to the provincial executive committee concerned or its presidium for approval
and appointment. However, only local residents shall be eligible for member-
ship. In special circumstances, a nonrisident may be appointed to be a member
by the government of the next higher level.
The president of a municipal or township Soviet shall not become a member or
chairman of the election committee.
Chapter IV Election Procedures
Article 11
The registration of electors shall be carried out 2 weeks before an election.
Article 12
Election committees may assign special deputies to act as registrars of elec-
tors. People who are affiliated with an organization may register with that
organization. Those who are not affiliated with any organization may engage
a special deputy to carry out registration.
At the time of registration, entries shall be made on elector registration
forms stipulated by the Central Executive Committee.
When the registration is over, the elector registration forms shall be gathered
together and sent to the election committee.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
At the end of the registration, the election committee shall publish the
total number of electors and the number of representatives to be elected
within the district under its jurisdiction.
Before an election, the election committee shall publish through the municipal
Soviet or executive committee, a namelist of persons who have been stripped
of the right to elect.
The election committee shall announce in advance to the various districts,
organizations, and enterprises the place and date of the election meeting.
In a municipality elections shall be conducted within each production unit.
Those people who cannot carry out elections according to production unit
shall hold election meetings according to designated places in a district.
Family dependents of workers and laborers shall participate in elections in
the same place as the workers and laborers themselves. In the countryside
election meetings shall be held with each village as a unit. Several smaller
villages may hold an election meeting together.
After registering an elector who has the right to elect, the election committee
shall issue to him an elector's certificate notifying him when and where to
be present at the election meeting. Only with this certificate can an elector
enter the place of the election meeting.
An election committee has the right to use on loan a public place or a private
house to hold an election.
The place where the election meeting is to be held shall be decorated in
advance by the election committee. At the entrance to the meeting place,
special deputies shall be assigned to record all electors and only people
bearing electors' certificates shall be admitted.
The presidium of an election meeting shall comprise three persons, of whom two
shall be selected by the election meeting and one shall be the chairman of the
election committee or his fully accredited representative. A secretary shall
also be selected to keep minutes of the election meeting.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
The post of chairman of the presidium of an election meeting shall be held
by the chairman of the election committee or his fully accredited representative.
After an election meeting is declared open, the chairman shall announce
whether the number of people present forms a quorum or not.
The agenda of an election meeting is stipulated as follows:
(a) The chairman of the election committee or his fully accredited repre-
sentative shall announce which persons have the right to elect and to be
elected and which persons have been stripped of the right to elect and to be
elected.
(b) Election of full representatives.
(c) Election of alternate representatives.
(d) Approval of proposals submitted by electors through their representatives.
Article 26
The minutes of an election meeting, the register of participants, and all
documents concerning the election shall be gathered together and transferred
to the election committee for examination after the election.
The minutes of an election meeting shall be signed by the entire presidium
and the secretary.
At an election meeting, an election shall be held when more than half of the
electors are present.
If the.number of electors present is less than the required quorum, an adjourn-
ment of the meeting shall be declared and the election committee shall fix
a date for convening another meeting. In the circumstances of reconvening
an election meeting, election notices shall be reissued.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
If the second election meeting is adjourned again for lack of a quorum, the
election shall be held at the third meeting to be convened regardless of
whether there is a quorum or not, and the necessary number of representatives
shall be elected.
Election shall be conducted not by ballot, but by a show of hands. A candi-
date is elected when a majority of hands are raised for him.
Candidates for election may be nominated separately or jointly in one list
according to the opinion of the majority of electors at an election meeting.
The election of full representatives and that of alternate representatives shall
not be conducted at the same time. The election of alternates shall take
place after the election of representatives is completed.
Chapter V Procedure of Elections of Representatives to the Different
Levels of Worker-Peasant-Soldier Soviet and the Proportion of Representatives
to Residents
Representatives to the worker-peasant-soldier Soviet of a township shall be
elected in a meeting of the electors of the entire township. For every 50
residents one representative shall be elected.
Representatives to the worker-peasant-soldier Soviet of a municipality shall
be elected in a meeting of the electors of the entire municipality. For
every 200 residents one representative shall be elected.
(Note) Aside from full representatives to the worker-peasant-soldier Soviet
of a township or municipality, alternate representatives shall be elected.
The proportion of alternate representatives to full representatives shall
be one to five.
Representatives to be elected by the various township worker-peasant-soldier
Soviets shall make up a district congress of worker-peasant-soldier Soviets.
The number of representatives to be elected shall be on the basis of one
representative for every 400 residents.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Representatives to be elected by the various district congresses of worker-
peasant-soldier Soviets and municipal worker-peasant-soldier Soviets shall
make up a county congress of worker-peasant-soldier Soviets. The number of
representatives to be elected shall be on the basis of one representative
for every 500 residents in a municipality and one representative for every
1,000 residents in the countryside.
Representatives to be elected by the various county congresses of worker-
peasant-soldier Soviets and worker-peasant-soldier Soviets of municipalities
directly under a provincial government shall make up a provincial congress
of worker-peasant-soldier Soviets. The number of representatives to be elected
shall be on the basis of one representative for every 5,000 residents in
a .municipality and one representative for every 25,000 residents in the
countryside.
Representatives to be elected by the various provincial. congresses of worker-
peasant-soldier Soviets and worker-peasant-soldier Soviets of municipalities
directly under the central authority shall make up the National Congress of
Workers, Peasants, and Soldiers of the Chinese Soviet Republic. The number of
representatives to be elected shall be on the basis of one representative for
every 50,000 residents in the countryside and one representative for every
10,000 residents in a municipality.
The qualifications of representatives to the district, hsien, and provincial
congresses of worker-peasant-soldier Soviets shall be verified by the creden-
tial committee to be organized by the Soviet Congress of that level.
Where the population in an area is less than the number of electors stipu-
lated, they may nevertheless elect one representative. That representative
has the right to speak, but no right to vote.
Workers and peasants' armed forces and the Red Army under the jurisdiction
of a district Soviet shall participate in the elections of the district Soviet.
Workers and peasants' armed forces and the Red Army under the jurisdiction of
a county Soviet shall participate in the elections of the county Soviet.
Workers and peasants' armed forces and the Red Army under the jurisdiction of
a provincial Soviet and those units not under the jurisdiction of a provincial
Soviet but are stationed within its territory shall participate in the elec-
tions of the provincial Soviet. Regulations governing elections among the
Red Army shall be promulgated separately by the Central Executive Committee.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
Chapter VI Recognition and Invalidation of Basic (Municipal and Township)
Elections, and Recall of Representatives
An election shall be deemed valid and given recognition when it is conducted
in accordance with the Constitution and the procedure prescribed in this Law.
Article 44
An elector may bring a complaint before the municipal Soviet or district
executive committee against an election that has not been conducted in accord-
ance with the Constitution or the procedure prescribed in this Law. Upon re-
ceipt of the complaint, that Soviet Government shall immediately organize a
committee to investigate it.
After an election, the election committee shall gather together all documents
concerning the election and transfer them to the municipal Soviet or district
executive committee for examination.
On receiving the documents concerning the election, the municipal Soviet or
district executive committee shall organize an expert committee to examine
them.
When it is discovered that a certain part of the election is not according
to the electoral procedure, the right to invalidate that part of the election
is invested in the municipal Soviet or district executive committee.
If it is discovered that the entire election is in violation of the electoral
procedure, the right to invalidate the election is invested in the Soviet
Government of a higher level.
When a dispute arises concerning the validity of an election, it shall be
resolved by the municipal Soviet or district executive committee.
The Central Executive Committee shall be the organ of last resort in all
appeals concerning elections.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
A representative of a municipal or township Soviet who violates the trust of
the people by not performing his official duties or commits a criminal act
shall be dismissed by the municipal or township Soviet. Their electors also
have the right to recall that representative and hold another election. But
in these circumstances, the matter shall be reported to the Soviet Government
of a higher level for investigation.
Chapter VII Election Expenses
Article 52
The expenses for holding elections shall be borne by the national treasury.
Article 53
All election committees shall each work out a budget covering expenses for
holding elections. These shall be reported by the municipal Soviet or district
executive committee to the county executive committee for approval, after
which payments shall be made from the election expenses appropriated by the
Central Executive Committee.
After an election, the election committee shall submit a final report to the
municipal Soviet or district executive committee and draw up a final account
to be submitted by the municipal Soviet or district executive committee to the
county executive committee for approval.
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 55
This Law shall be effective from the date of its promulgation.
Central Executive Committee of the Chinese
Soviet Republic
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairmen: Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-t'ao
Red Bandit Reactionary Documents, No. 3., 1935
7682
CSO: 4005
? "Election Law of the Chinese Soviet Republic," Central Executive Committee,
* Chinese Soviet Republic, December 1931
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
RESOLUTION ON THE MARRIAGE LAW--ADOPTED AT THE FIRST SESSION OF CENTRAL
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
[Text] Under the feudal rule the marriage system was so barbaric as to be
inhuman. The oppression and distress suffered by women were even worse than
those by men. Only when the workers' and peasants' revolution is won and
men and women have attained primary emancipation economically will marriages
unavoidably undergo changes and marriages based on freedom of choice be rea-
lized. At present, marriages have acquired a foundation of freedom. We
should really establish a marriage system based on freedom of choice and
abolish the feudal marriage system based on arbitrary and compulsory arrange-
ments and on pecuniary considerations.
However, women who have just been emancipated from feudal oppression, have
not yet recovered from the many serious injuries (e.g., bound feet) to their
bodies or achieved complete independence economically. Hence, in the question
of divorce, emphasis for the time being should be placed on the protection
of the interests of women, leaving most of the obligations and responsibilities
arising out of the divorce for the men to undertake.
Children are the masters of the new society. Particularly in the old society,
it was the custom not to pay heed to the caring of children. Therefore, special
stipulations are made for the protection of the interests of children.
This Law will be promulgated on 1 December 1931 and come into force immediately.
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairmen: Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-t'ao
*"Marriage Law," Directive of the Chinese Soviet Republic, Provisional Central
Government, December 1931
7682
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
PROVISIONAL TAX LAW--NOTICE NO 4 OF THE PROVISIONAL CENTRAL GOVERNMENT.
1 December 1931
[Text] Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
To establish a single progressive tax, all exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous
levies of the Kuomintang government, such as land tax, poll tax, and likin
tax, shall be abolished.
Taxes shall be divided into three categories: business tax, agricultural
tax, and industrial tax.
Chapter II Business Tax
Tax rates: For the purpose of a capital levy, business capital ranging from
200 yuan to 100,000 yuan shall be differentiated into 13 classes. Tax rates
shall be fixed according to these classes to levy income tax on profits earned
by capital (i.e., on receipts from services rendered and goods sold, and not
on capital). Tax rates for businesses capitalized in excess of 100,000 yuan
shall be fixed separately. The tax rates for businesses capitalized under
100,000 yuan are as follows:
Class
Capitalization (yuan)
Tax Rate (%)
200
- 300
2
301
- 500
2.5
501
- 700
3
701
- 1,000
3.5
1,001
- 1,500
4.5
1,501
- 3,000
5.5
3,001
- 5,000
6.5
5,001
- 10,000
8
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Class
Capitalization (yuan)
Tax Rate (%)
9
10,001
- 20,000
9.5
10
20,001
- 30,000
11.5
11
30,001
- 50,000
13.5
12
50,001
- 80,000
16
13
80,001
- 100,000
18.5
Method of levy: The tax rate for a shop shall be determined according to
its capitalization as set down in the business license obtained by the shop
from a financial organ of the government and that rate shall be used in levying
the tax on its profits.
Levying periods: There shall be two levying periods in a year. However,
levy of taxes on a seasonal business may be made at the close of the business.
Tax exemption:
(a) All consumers' cooperatives organized in compliance with the regulations
promulgated by the government governing cooperatives and further registered
with county government shall be granted exemption from taxation upon submission
by the county government of a report concerning the matter to the provincial
government concerned.
(b) Peddlers and farmers who sell their surplus products direct shall uni-
formly be exempt from business tax.
(c) Shops with a capitalization of less than 200 yuan shall uniformly be
exempt from taxes.
(d) Merchants who have met with dangers or suffered unexpected damages may
be granted exemption from taxation if their losses are reported to the govern-
ment and subsequently verified.
(e) Certain categories of essential commodities and quartermaster goods may
be declared as tax-exempt under government orders at any time.
Chapter III Agricultural Tax
(Note) At present, farm production and the prices of produce are extremely
complex and unified measures to levy agricultural tax cannot be stipulated.
We can only lay down the principle of levying agricultural tax and the differ-
ent provinces may fix an appropriate agricultural tax according to this
principle and in the light of local conditions.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
After land is allotted to a peasant, the annual per capita output of the
peasant and his family as well as their necessary living expenses shall be
fixed by averaging the annual yield of staple products among the entire
family. On the basis of this standard, the minimum amount at which taxation
begins for each person and his progressive tax shall be determined.
Tax shall be levied on'staple products (grain and wheat) only. For the
time being, no tax shall be levied on subsidiary products.
Tea gardens, cotton and hemp fields, and orchards allotted to peasants in
lieu of paddy fields or wheat fields shall be subject to taxation if their
yields have become the principal production of the peasants concerned.
Family dependents of the Red Army shall uniformly be exempt from taxes in
accordance with the preferential treatment of the Red Army.
Tenant farmers and laborers who have been allotted arable lands shall uni-
formly be exempt from taxes.
In cases where poor peasants still cannot maintain their families despite
the fact that their incomes have reached the amount at which taxation begins,
the township Soviet concerned may decide to reduce their taxes individually
or exempt them from taxes.
Article 13
Taxes on former rich peasants shall be slightly higher.
Article 14
Areas suffering from natural calamities such as flood and drought or ravaged
by White bandits shall either be exempt from taxes or be granted a tax reduc-
tion according to the severity of losses.
Any increase in income from agricultural production attributable to seed im-
provement or improvement in farming technique shall not be taxed.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Agricultural products harvested by opening up waste land shall be exempt
from taxes for 3 years. In the case of rich peasants, such yields shall be
subject to a lower tax or be exempt from taxes for 1 year.
Method and periods of levying agricultural tax: Levying of taxes shall begin
within 1 to 2 months of harvest of agricultural products. At the time of
collection, the amount of tax due from each person according to the prescribed
rates shall be collected from the different families.
Agricultural tax shall be levied in cash or in kind according to the wish of
the peasants concerned.
Appended are measures being taken to levy agricultural tax in Kiangsi Province
to be used for reference by other provinces:
Farm Produce
Tax Rate (%)
Taxation begins at the level of
4 tan of dry grain per capita in
each household.
4
1
5
2
6
3
7
4
8
5
9
6.5
10
8
11
9.5
12
11
13
12.5
14
14.5
15
16.5
In the case of rich peasants, taxation shall begin at the level of 2 tan per
capita in the amount of 1 percent; 3 tan at 2 percent, and so forth.
Chapter IV Industrial Tax
All producer cooperatives registered with a county government shall be granted
exemption from taxation upon submission by the county government of a report
concerning the matter to the provincial government concerned.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
With a view to accelerating industrial development in the Soviet areas at
the present time, no industrial production tax shall be levied for the time
being.
An income tax shall be levied on the profits of industrial enterprises at
rates to be fixed according to capitalization. The rates shall be set forth
separately, but they shall be lower than those of business tax.
Chapter V Supplementary Provisions
Article 22
This Tax Law shall be effective the date of its promulgation.
Central Executive Committee
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairman: Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-t'ao
'Chinese Soviet Provisional Central Government Proclamation No. 4
*Directive of Chinese Soviet Provisional Central Government: "Chinese Soviet
Republic Provisional Tax Law"
*Red Bandit Reactionary Documents, No. 4
7682
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
MARRIAGE LAW
1 December 1931
[Text] Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
Marriage shall be based on the free choice of partners. The feudal marriage
system which is based on arbitrary and compulsory arrangements and the exaction
of money or gifts shall be abolished. Child betrothal shall be prohibited.
Article 2
Monogamy shall be put into effect. Polygamy shall be prohibited.
Chapter II Marriage
Article 3
Before a marriage can be contracted the man must have reached 20 years of
age and the woman 18 years of age.
Article 4
Marriage shall be based on the complete willingness of the two parties.
Neither party, nor a third party, shall.use compulsion.
Marriage between collateral relatives by blood, up to the fifth degree of
relationship, shall be prohibited.
Marriage shall not be allowed where one party is suffering from such dangerous
and infectious diseases as venereal disease, leprosy, and tuberculosis. If
a doctor gives his approval upon examination of the abovementioned diseases,
the marriage shall be allowed.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
No man or woman who is suffering from mental disorder or paralysis shall be
allowed to marry.
In order to contract a marriage, both the man and woman shall register in
person with the Soviet of a hsiang or municipality and obtain a marriage
certificate. Betrothal money or gifts and dowry shall be done away with.
Chapter III Divorce
Freedom of divorce shall be affirmed. Divorce shall be granted when husband
and wife both desire it. When only one party insists on divorce, it shall
also be granted.
Husband and wife desiring to divorce shall register with the Soviet of a
hsiang or municipality.
Chapter IV Bringing Up of Children After Divorce
The father shall be responsible for all children born prior to the divorce
and have the duty to bring them up. If both parents are willing to bring
up the children, the mother is given custody of the children.
Article 12
The mother shall have custody of a baby still being breast-fed.
Article 13
Arable land allocated to the child or children shall be retained by the child
or children.
Article 14
If the mother is given custody of a child, the father shall be responsible
for two-thirds of the necessary cost of maintaining the child until the age
of 16. Payment may be made in cash or by tilling the land allocated to the
child.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
If the woman remarries and her husband is willing to assume the cost of main-
taining the child by her former husband, the father of the child may be exempted
from the duty to support the child.
The new husband who is willing to support the child shall register with the
Soviet of a township or municipality. Once he registers, he shall be re-
sponsible for maintaining the child until the maturity of age, and not stop
halfway or maltreat the child.
Chapter V Settlement of Property After Divorce
In case of divorce, the husband or wife may dispose such arable land, property,
and debts as belong to him or her. When the marriage had lasted more than a
year, the property jointly acquired by husband and wife shall be divided
equally. If there are children, such property shall be divided equally
according to the number of persons.
After divorce, debts incurred by husband and wife during the period of their
living together shall be paid off by the husband.
After divorce, if both parties are unwilling to leave their home, the husband
shall sell his share of the house to the wife so that she can go on living
there.
After divorce, if the wife has not remarried,, the husband shall bear the cost
of her maintenance or till the land for her until she remarries.
Chapter VI Maintenance of Children Born Out of Wedlock
Where the paternity of a child born out of wedlock is established, the
identified father shall bear two-thirds of the cost of maintaining the child.
Articles 11 to 15 of Chapter IV shall also apply.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Article 22
Persons violating this Law shall be punished in accordance with the law.
Article 23
This Law shall come into force from the date of its promulgation.
Central Executive Committee of the
Chinese Soviet Republic
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairmen: Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-t'ao
?"Marriage Law," Provisional Central Government, Chinese Soviet Republic,
December 1931
*"Red China," No. 2, (Chapters 1-4, Article 12), 18 December 1931
*"Soviet China," Soviet Foreign Workers Press (Moscow), 1933
7682
CSO: 4005
- Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ON THE ELECTION OF CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND PEOPLE'S COUNCIL
MEMBERS AT THE FIRST NATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE CHINESE SOVIET REPUBLIC--NOTICE
NO 1 OF CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
[Text] The First National Congress of the Soviet of Chinese Workers, Peasants,
and Soldiers was held in the Kiangsi Soviet Area on .7 November 1931, the
anniversary of the October Revolution of the Soviet Union. The Congress
adopted a political platform and the Constitution, and enacted the Land Law,
Labor Law, and other ordinances concerning the Red Army question and economic
policy. It declared the founding of the Chinese Soviet Republic and elected
the following as members of the Central Executive Committee, which is the
highest organ of political power when the National Congress is not in session:
Mao Tse-tung
Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-t'ao
Chou En-lai
Lu Fu-t'an
Chu Teh
Ch'u Ch'iu-pai
Chang Ting-ch'eng
Teng Fa
Wang Chia-hsiang
Hsu Hsi-ken
Fan Lo-ch'un
Ch'en Shao-yu
P'eng Te-huai
Kuan Hsiang-ying
K'ung Ho-p'ang
Fang Chih-min
Jen Pi-shih
Ho Lung
Shen Tse-min
T'an Chen-lin
Huang P'ing
Tseng Shan
Lin Piao
Ch'en Yu
Lo Teng-hsien
Hsia Hsi
Teng Tzu-hui
Liu Shao-ch'i
Liu Ta-ch'ao
Ch'en Cheng-jen
Yuan Te-sheng
Ts'ui Ch'i
Ch'u Teng-kao
Tuan Te-ch'ang
Ko Yao-shan
P'eng Kuei
Ch'en Fu-yuan
Ku Ta-ts'un
Wei Pa-ch'un
Chang Hau-hsien
Ho Shu-heng
Huang Su
Hu Hai
T'eng Tai-yuan
Hsiao Heng-t'ai
Lo Ping-hui
Ch'en I
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Chang Yun-i
Chou I-li
Lu Te-kuang
Hu Chun-hao
Hsu T'e-li
Shao Shih-p'ing
Hung Tzu-ch'ing
Liu Kuang-wan
Yu Han-ch'ao
Wu Chih-min
Liu Chien-chung
Li Tsung-po
Liu Sheng-yuan
Wang Yung-sheng
Juan Hsiao-hsien
The Central Executive Committee held its first meeting on 27 November and
elected:
Mao Tse-tung as Chairman and Hsiang Ying and Chang Kuo-t'ao as vice-chairmen
of the Central Executive Committee.
Under the Central Executive Committee, it organized the People's Council as
the central administrative organ of the Chinese Soviet Republic and elected:
Mao Tse-tung as Chairman;
Hsiang Ying and Chang Kuo-t'ao as Vice-chairmen;
Wang Chia-hsiang as People's Commissioner of Foreign Affairs;
Chu Teh as People's Commissioner of Military Affairs;
Hsiang Ying as People's Commissioner of Labor;
Teng Tzu-hui as People's Commissioner of Finance;
Chang Ting-ch'eng as People's Commissioner of'Land;
Ch'u Ch'iu-pai as People's Commissioner of Education;
Chou I-li as People's Commissioner of Internal Affairs;
Chang Kuo-t'ao as People's Commissioner of Justice; and
Ho Shu-heng as People's Commissioner of Worker-Peasant Examination.
At the same time, it set up the National Political Security Bureau under the
People's Council with Teng Fa as Director.
The establishment of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese
Soviet Republic has been proclaimed. From this day on, there are within
Chinese territory two states that are diametrically opposite to each other.
One is the so-called Republic of China. It is a tool of imperialism and a
state being used by warlords, bureaucrats, landlords, and the bourgeoisie to
oppress workers, peasants, soldiers, and other toiling people, and the National
Government of Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Ching-wei is the counterrevolutionary
organ of political power of this state. The other is the Chinese Soviet
Republic, a state of the broad masses of exploited and oppressed workers,
peasants, soldiers, and other toiling people. Its banner is to down with
imperialism, exterminate the landlord class, overthrow the Kuomintang warlord
government, and set up a Soviet Government throughout the country, so as to
strive for the interests of the several hundred million oppressed and ex-
ploited workers, peasants, soldiers, and other oppressed people, and for
genuine peace and unity all over the country. Its foundation is built upon
the hopes and support of the several hundred million oppressed and exploited
workers, peasants, soldiers, and poverty-stricken people in the Soviet areas
and non-Soviet areas. It possesses vast influence to deal a heavy blow to
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
the Kuomintang. warlord government, such that it has caused the latter to step
onto the road from disintegration to dissolution. It must quickly score a
victory in the revolution all over the country.
The Chinese Soviet Republic and the Central Executive Committee, accepting
the trust of the National Congress, ought to spare no efforts to implement
the political platform, Constitution, Labor Law, Land Law,. and all other
ordinances and resolutions drawn up by the Congress, establish a consoli-
dated and extensive revolutionary base, create a massive Red Army, and organize
a large-scale revolutionary war, so as to gain an initial victory in the
revolution in one or several provinces until a nation-wide victory is won.
At a time when the Government is setting about its work, this notice is
specially sent to workers, peasants, soldiers, poverty-stricken people, and
all oppressed people throughout the country for their information.
? "Red China," No 1, 11 December 1931
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairmen: Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-t'ao
* Report No 1, Central Executive Committee, Chinese Soviet Republic
7682
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
LAND LAW OF THE CHINESE SOVIET REPUBLIC--ADOPTED AT THE FIRST NATIONAL
CONGRESS OF THE CHINESE WORKER-PEASANT-SOLDIER SOVIET
1 December 1931
[Text] With each passing day the peasants' struggle led by the proletariat
is continuing to develop and grow stronger. The soviet movement is cresting
and continuing to expand despite the frenzied opposition of the imperialist
warlords. It is bringing about the self-arming of the Chinese peasants, the
organization of the Red A-rmy, and the liberation of peasants, in one county
after another, from the several-thousand-year-long oppression of the feudal
landlords. The land owned by these oppressors is being confiscated and dis-
tributed, the feudal system is being smashed, and the political power of the
Kuomintang is being destroyed to establish the political power of the worker-
peasant-soldier soviet. This is the political power that can overthrow the
imperialists and bring about agrarian revolution.
The first national congress of the Chinese worker-peasant-soldier soviet
approved the confiscation of land held by landlords and other big private
landowners and, in order to formulate a unified system of confiscation and
distribution, it has proceeded from the basis of serving the basic interests
of the peasant masses and the future of the revolution's development to adopt
the following land law as the best guaranty for solving the land question.
Regardless of whether they are leased out or self-farmed, land belonging to
all feudal landlords, evil gentry, warlords, bureaucrats, and big, private
landowners are to be confiscated with no compensation. The confiscated land
will be distributed by the poor and middle peasants through the soviet, and
the original owners will have no right to participate in the distribution.
Hired help, coolies, laborers and farmers, regardless of sex, all have juris-
diction over land distribution. With the approval of the peasant masses, the
unemployed independent laborers in the townships and villages will also have
similar right to distribution. The aged and the feeble, the lame, and the
widows who are unable to engage in labor and who have no family members to
provide them with support should be given social assistance by the government
of the soviet or handled separately after the distribution of the land.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
The Red Army members, are, advanced. f:ighter;c who support the political power
u.I,' thy: ;soviet arid. the overthrow of :imperialism, and land must be distributed
to them, regardless of whether a soviet has been established in their base
areas or whether their areas are still under reactionary rule. And the
soviet government will seek means to have this land farmed on their behalf.
Article 3.
As the rich peasants of China have the characteristics of semi-landlords or
usurers, their land should also be confiscated, whereas the land of the mid-
dle peasant class will not be confiscated. The rich peasants can be given
some comparatively poor "land distributed for labor." However, there is one.
condition, and that is this land must be farmed by their own labor.
Article 4.
Confiscate the land and assets of all organizers of counterrevolution, organ-
izers of armed columns of the White army, and active participants of counter-
revolution. However, exceptions may be made of poor and middle peasants who
oppose the soviet not of their own volition but by being lured into it, and
found by the local soviet to be exemptable from prosecution, but their leaders
will be prosecuted unconditionally in accordance with the law.
Article 5.
The first national congress found that the most thorough of all measures to
be taken to wipe out all vestiges of feudalism and slavery and to get away
from the private ownership rights of landlords is the equitable distribution
of all land. However, under no circumstances should the local soviet govern-
ment implement this through force or by fiat. This measure must be explained
to the peasants in a comprehensive manner, and it can be carried out only on
the foundation of willingness from the basic peasantry and with their direct
support. When the majority of the middle peasants is unwilling, they may
abstain from participation in the equal distribution of land.
The soviet government must assiduously strive to turn over to the peasants
all shrines, temples, and other public land unconditionally. But, at the
time of implementation and handling, the willing support of the peasantry
must be obtained on the general principle of not interferring with their
religious sentiments.
Should the more opulent farmers attempt to distribute confiscated land on the
basis of means of production, it must be sternly stopped as such attempts have
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
been found by the Fir?t Congre:;:; to be deliberate attempts to enrich them-
selves and impede the development of agrarian revolution. In accordance
with the local conditions in the villages, the local soviet will select a
principle that will serve the best interests of the poor and middle peasants
and base the distribution of land on it, or on the basis of availability or
scarcity of labor in each family and the size of the family, or, again, dis-
tribute equally in accordance with the population count of middle and poor
peasants and tenant farmers. Distribution to rich peasants will be made on
the basis of available labor units (i.e., in the areas where land is dis-
tributed equally on the basis of population distributed land received by
rich peasants with available labor should be equal to the land received by
each individual under the principle of equal, distribution in accordance with
populace) with population as a supporting factor. In distributing land, not
only is the area of the land but, also, the quality (especially in the form
of yields) to be considered. Agrarian reform should also be carried out by
all means possible and suitably at the time of land distribution as a step
toward whiping out all vestiges of feudalism such as narrow mindedness, one-
sidedness, and large (ownership of?) farm lands.
Estates and liquid assets of all feudal lords, warlords, landlords, and evil
gentry, their houses, storehouses, livestock, and farm implements are to be
confiscated. After the land has been distributed to the rich peasants, re-
maining houses, farm implements, livestock, water pumps, and oil extracting
machines are to be confiscated. The confiscated houses are to be distributed
on the basis of the interests of middle and poor peasants and through the
local soviets, to the poor and middle peasants and through the local soviets,
to the poor and middle peasants who are homeless for residential purposes,
and some of these houses are to be allocated for use as schools and clubs,
by the committees of local soviets, of the party, and of the youth league,
and by the red trade unions, poor peasants groups, and various organizations
and agencies. Livestock and agricultural implements may be distributed to
each family or to groups of poor and middle peasants. In accordance with the
wishes of the peasantry, the various confiscated agricultural tools can be
utilized as the preliminary step to forming cooperatives, or through the sug-
gestion of the peasantry, and with the concurrance of the soviet, they can be
used to establish a livestock-agricultural implement administrative office to
provide the poor and middle peasants with these things for use in their farm-
ing work. The administrative office should be managed by the local soviet,
the peasants should pay rentals at a fixed rate, and all repairs of agricul-
tural tools and implements and the subsidizing of the administrative office's
workers, as well as the procurement of new tools and livestock should be
reimbursed by the peasants at a certain percentage of the expenditures.
Article 9.
While the assets and the land of landlords and evil gentry are being confis-
cated, all verbal and written agreements on tenancy rents must be wiped out,
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
erasing all obligations and debts to these assets and land, and also proclaim
null and void all debts and usury (debts). All agreements between former
landlords and peasants for voluntary return and reimbursement should be
strictly prohibited by revolutionary law, and the peasants should not be
allowed to return in part the land once owned by the landlords and evil
gentry or partially reimburse the debts owed them.
All water conservancy works, rivers, lakes, streams, timberland, pastures,
and large, wooded mountains are to be managed by the soviet and construction
carried out which will facilitate public use of these resources by poor and
middle peasants. In accordance with the wishes of the local peasantry, mul-
berry groves, bamboo groves, tea hills, and fish ponds are to be allocated
to them for use in the same way as paddy or wheat fields.
For the concrete and thorough realization of the benefits of agrarian reform,
the First National Congress of the Chinese Worker-Peasant-Soldier Soviet has
proclaimed the tenant farmers' union, the manual laborer's union, the poor
peasants group, are necessary groups, and viewed these organizations as the
pillars of the soviet implementation of agrarian revolution.
The First National Congress of the Chinese Worker-Peasant-Soldier Soviet holds
that under the political rule of the Soviet the nationalization of land and
water conservancy works is a necessary step toward the thorough elimination
of all feudal relationships in the rural areas, which is, in fact, to bring
about a surging, rapid development of the rural economy. However, the actual
implementation of this measure will be possible only under the condition that
the agrarian revolution is victorious in the crucial areas of China, and there
is basic support of nationalization by the peasant masses. At this stage of
the revolution, the soviet government should explain to the peasants the
benefits to be derived from the nationalization of land and water conservancy
works. But, at present, the buying and selling of land, and the leasing of
it are not prohibited. However, the soviet government should, at the same
time, strictly prohibit speculative activities of the rich peasants in buying
back their original land from the land owner.
Article 13.
If the situation is favorable, the local soviet is to operate the following
enterprises: 1. land reclamation; 2. handling of population relocation;
3. building new and improvign existing drainage and irrigation systems;
4. planting forests; 5. speeding up construction of roads and enterprises
to impel the development of the rural economy.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
be redistributed.
Hsiang Ying [7309 5391], Chou I-li [0719 0110 26981, Tseng Shan [2572
1472],
Teng Fa [6772 4099], Chang Ting-cheng [1728 7844 0015], Chen Ching-jen
[7115
2973 0086], Chu Teh [2612 1795].
A.rt1.clc l'E.
This law is applicable not only in current soviet areas, but also in non-
soviet areas and areas where soviet power had been newly established. If
the land already distributed in the various soviet areas conform with this
law, it will remain as it is, but those not conforming to this law should
Standing Committee Chairmen, Presidium of the First National Congress of the
Chinese Worker-Peasant-Soldier Soviet.
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman, Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet
Republic
Hsiang Ying, [7309 5391], Chang.Kuo tao [1728 0948 3614] Vice Chairmen
1 December 1931.
?Land Law of the Chinese Soviet Republic (printed)
*Northern Edition of HUNG CHI, Vol 15, 25 October 1931
*Soviet Laws, Vol 2, Judicial People's Delegates Section (Moscow) July 1934
8439
cso: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
1 December 1931
[Text] For the development of agrarian revolution and anti-imperialism, and
for the consolidation of the revolutionary union of workers and peasants, the
First National Congress of the Chinese Worker-Peasant-Soldier Soviet sets
forth the following articles as the basis of the current economic policy of
the soviet.
I. Industry
1. To ensure a completely independent overnment of the soviet, all economic
life lines in the hands of imperialism such as concessions, customs, banks,
railroads, navigation, mines, and factories) are to be nationalized. Lend-
lease contracts will be re-negotiated on some foreign business enterprises
currently being allowed to operate and production will continue. However,
they must abide by all the laws of the soviet, implement an 8-hour work day
system and carry out various other regulations. Should the owners of these
enterprises contravene these conditions, engage in work slow-downs, shut down
the enterprise, or interfere in the domestic affairs of the soviet government
and support the counterrevolution, then the enterprises are to be immediately
confiscated and nationalized.
2. With regard to business enterprises and handicraft industries run by
Chinese capitalists, the soviet will not nationalize them, but allow them
to remain in the hands of their original owners. However, they will be
operated under the supervision of workers, the factory committee and the
trade union. But, should the owners of these business enterprises slow
down production, sabotage the laws of the soviet, or participate in such
counterrevolutionary activities as deliberately sabotaging or slowing down
production, these business enterprises will be confiscated immediately and,
in accordance with concrete conditions, handed over to the workers labor
cooperative or the soviet government to manage.
3. Strive strenuously to further the development of industry. The soviet
government pays special attention to ensuring the development of all business
enterprises that supply the Red Army (factories, workshops, handicraft indus-
tries, home enterprises, etc.).
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
1. The soviet should guarantee freedom of commerce. It should not inter-
fere with the routine workings of the commodity market. But the soviet
must strictly prohibit such speculative activities by businessmen as the
raising of prices. It should disband chambers of commerce and prohibit big
and small merchants from monopolizing prices in the name of the chamber of
commerce. Should it discover sabotage or economic blockage by businessmen,
thereby endangering the supply of basic daily necessities needed by the
masses, or because of Red Army needs, the soviet government should set price
ceilings on basic commodities. These measures are to be taken only when they
are necessary, and, when it becomes possible, freedom of commerce. is to be
restored.
2. In trade with non-soviet areas, "monopoly of foreign trade" absolutely
cannot be. implemented as yet, but, at the same time, the soviet government
should supervise such trade in order to ensure a supply of basic necessity
commodities to the soviet area. The outflow of currency must have the per-
mission of the soviet.
3. For the trade of the entire soviet area and to ensure the interests of
the working poor and to improve the supply of necessary commodities to the
masses, the soviet must extend all-out assistance to the organization and
development of consumer cooperatives. The soviet should give financial aid
and grant tax exemptions to cooperatives, and it should turn over in part
some of the buildings and shops that were confiscated for the use of the
cooperatives. Moreover, in order to guarantee supply to the laboring masses,
the government should promote public warehouses to store food grains so as to
be able to give aid to the masses or sell the grains to them at a low price.
1. Wipe out the entire tax system of the warlord government of the Kuomintang
and its unlawful levies, the soviet will promulgate a unified progressive tax
so that the burden will fall, instead, on the capitalists. The soviet govern-
ment should exempt from taxation the Red Army, workers, and families of the
poor in urban and rural areas. In cases of unforeseen disasters, taxes should
either be remitted or reduced.
2. Negate all past verbal and written agreements of slavery and usury, void
all usurious obligations of peasants and the poor of the cities, prohibit
anticipatory taxation or debtor's bondage. The revolutionary laws should be
applied so as to strictly guard against, and also prevent, all attempts to
restore relations between usury and slavery. All items pawned by the urban
and rural poor are to be returned to their original owners without compensa-
tion, and the pawnshops are to be turned over to the soviet.
3. Old currency notes, for the present, are to be permitted to circulate in
the soviet areas, but market differences must be eliminated. However, these
old currency notes must be given scrutiny and verification to facilitate
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
supervision. The soviet should issue its own currency notes and exchange
them for the old, and, at first, the old currency notes may be kept in
circulation with the addition of a stamped marking. All currency notes
from other areas must be exchanged for the soviet notes or the stamped
currency notes.
4. As a step toward helping all the working poor and to implement a uniform
currency system, the soviet should establish a Worker-Peasant Bank and open
branches in the various areas of the soviet. This bank has the special
authority to print currency. It will process loans to people engaged in
peasant family enterprises, and to cooperatives and small businessmen for
economic development. It shall carry out currency exchange, and its branches
will, in addition, act as the taxing agency.
5. The soviet should dispatch representatives to keep an eye on the activi-
ties of this bank and all other big, privately owned banks and money changers,
and prohibit them from issuing any kind of currency. The soviet shall strictly
prohibit all attempts by bankers to utilize local banks and engage in counter-
revolutionary activities.
IV. Municipal Administration
1. Necessary adjustments should be made by the soviet to lighten the rent
burden of the urban poor. The houses and assets of landlords, despotic gentry,
warlords, bureaucrats and politicians are to be confiscated, the houses are to
be turned over to workers, laborers, and apprentices for residential purposes,
and the assets are to be divided by the urban poor or applied to public enter-
prises by the soviet. The urban soviet should utilize all means to improve
the housing conditions of the poor.
Hsiang Ying, Chou I-1i, Tseng Shan, Teng Fa, Chang Ting-cheng, Chen Cheng-jen,
and Chu Teh
Executive Committee Chairmen,
The Presidium,
The First National Congress of the Chinese Worker-Peasant-Soldier Soviet,
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman
Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic
Hsian Ying, Chang Kueo-tao, Vice Chairmen
1 December 1931
"Soviet China," Soviet Union Foreign Workers Publishing House (Moscow) 1933
8439
cso: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
CIRCULAR FOR THE ARREST OF KU SHUN-CHANG, TRAITOR TO THE REVOLUTION
Unnumbered directive of the People's Committee of the Provisional Soviet
Central Government.
10 December 1931
[Text] To the various levels of soviet government in the provinces, counties,
districts and villages of the soviet areas and the Red Guards units of the
Red Army and the broad working masses of workers and peasants:
To the workers and peasants in the areas under White rule and all oppressed
masses:
When he was arrested by the counterrevolutionary investigative units of the
Kuomintang in Hankow on 25 April 1931, the renegade Ku Shun-chang (also known
as Li Ming [2746 24941, originally called Ku Feng-ming [7357 7364 7686] and
has gone under the aliases of Hua Kuang Chi Ni Shu Shih [0553 1684 1142 778
5880 15971. About 27 or 28, native of Wu Sung [0702 26461, Shanghai; short
in build with bulging eyes and prominent nose) immediately capitulated to the
reactionary regime and revealed the existence of the multi-county soviet
government of western Kwangtung Province a communication complex of the Chinese
Communist Party located in Wuhan office of the Red Second Army Corps. This
resulted in a sweep and the caputre of a dozen or so revolutionary fighters who
were all murdered out of hand by the Wuhan reactionary government later. He
even revealed a worker on a steamship plying the river who was sympathetic to
the revolution and of whose existence he alone knew, thereby sending the worker
into the prisons of the counterrevolutionaries. With such a bloody price and
the assurance it brought him to back him up he repeatedly cabled Nanking re-
questi rig a personal meeting with Chiang Kai-shek, and upon arrival in Nanking,
he not only secretly reported to the Kuomintang counterrevolutionaries about
the organizational set-ups and activities of the Chinese Communist Party, the
soviet government, the Red Army, and all revolutionary groups of worker-peasant
masses, he also identified Yun Tai-ying [1926 0108 53911, a member of the
Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a national leader of rev-
olutionary youths, who had already been sentenced to prison. by the Nanking gov-
ernment with other comrades. All of them were immediately shot by the counter-
revolutionaries. At the same time he disclosed the five residential locations
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
of Chou En-lai, Chu Chiu-pai [4234 4428 4101], Li Wei-han [2621 4850 3352]
and other members and leaders of the Chinese Communist Party's Central Com-
mittee, whom he had come to know while he was in Shanghai, to the counter-
revolutionaries. Orders were immediately cabled to the Shanghai Bureau of
Public Safety and, in coordination with imperialist police, raids were car-
ried out at the residences of each of the individuals. Fortunately, these
comrades had already left Shanghai at that time and escaped harm. Following
this, he repeatedly sent relatives. and household members to Shanghai and,
using what knowledge he had, investigated the whereabouts of the Chinese
Communist Party organization and revolutionary groups and their leaders.
Unfortunately, it was in this net that he had spread that Comrade Hsiang
Chung-fa [0686 1813 40991, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party,
was taken and killed. This became the greatest contribution made by Ku Shun-
chang in his betrayal of the revolution and capitulation to counterrevolution.
Thenceforth, Ku Shun-chang gradually became an important official in the K K
assassination organization of Chiang Kai-shek. He became an assassin for
Chiang Kai-shek in the company of such counterrevolutionary criminals as Chen
Kuo-fu [7115 2654 11331, Ch'en Li-fu [7115 4539 11331, Hsu En [1176 1869], and
Tseng Chang-fu [2582 2254 5706].
In spite of the fact that the Chinese Communist Party and the revolutionary
mass organizations are under extremely difficult conditions of White terror,
their organizations have become even more consolidated and tightly knit with
the help of the support given by the revolutionary masses, the recent victor-
ies won by the Red Army in the soviet areas, the founding of the Provisional
Soviet Central Government, and the upsurge of the anti-Kuomintang, anti-
imperialist struggle waged by the worker-peasant working masses in White dom-
inated areas. They are even more determinedly leading the worker-peasant
masses to rally around the soviet banners and carry on the struggle. There-
fore, the venomous plans of renegade Ku Shun-chang to wipe out the revolution-
ary organizations and revolutionary leaders were not successful. This, there-
fore, lead to changes in tactics, and baldfaced charges were made to slander
our revolutionary comrade leaders and the Chinese Communist Party Central Com-
mittee and make them out as murderers in an attempt to use this vicious strat-
agem to destroy the trust the masses have in the Chinese Communist Party and
its leaders. In an even more despicable move, Ku Shun-chang himself published
notices in the newspapers calling for the arrest of Comrade Chou En-lai and
other leading members of the Chinese Communist Party. He also declared that
he had never harmed anyone in the Communist Party, and he had been sequestered
in scholarly pursuits in his home. Such shameless denials can never cover up
the bloody havoc wrought upon the revolution by his viciously cruel and poison-
ous hands. This is obvious to everyone in the revolutionary masses. As for
arrest warrants, it is not necessary to wait for renegade Ku Shun-chang's
notices in the newspapers. Every revolutionary fighter and the worker peasant
masses will have their names on the wanted list of the counterrevolutionaries
when they physically take part in the revolution, and their lives are forfeit
if captured.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Class animosity has reached the stage of struggle to the death, because
those that the Kuomintang wanted the counterrevolutionaries to arrest are
those the broad working masses of workers and peasants want to support.
Anyway, such cruel and fiendish renegades as Ku Shun-chang are abetted by
the Kuomintang counterrevolutionaries, and they are precisely the ones the
working masses of workers and peasants want to wipe out. Landlords, bour-
geoisie, Kuomintang warlords, and bureaucrats are the kind of people the
counterrevolutionaries are dependent upon, and they are now at the end of
their tether. Whereas those who take part in the revolution, and those who
support it, are the extremely broad masses of workers, peasants, the poor of
the urban areas, and all oppressed people. And the victorious government of
the soviet and the Chinese Communist Party are leading them to wrest nation-
wide victory for the revolution. The high tide of revolution is continuing
to crest, and the 200,000 to 300,000 soldiers of the Kuomintang have been
defeated time and again by the worker peasant Red Army, with the Red Army
.encountering very little resistance from them. So how can one Ku Shun-chang
and the Chiang Kai-shek killer organization, the K K group, destroy the rev-
olution? On the contrary, they will be drowned in the huge waves of the
revolutions
For this purpose, the Provisional Soviet Central Government issues a special
order to the various levels of soviet government, the Red Army, and the Red
Guards of various areas, and also proclaims to the working masses of workers
and peasants throughout the country to be on special alert against the devious
machinations of the Kuomintang counterrevolutionaries and, with one mind,
endeavor to capture this renegade, Ku Shun-chang. If this renegade is found
in the soviet areas, he is to be captured and handed over to a revolutionary
court to stand trial. If he should be encountered in areas under White rule,
every revolutionary fighter, every worker, peasant, or the poor has the duty
to eliminate him. The capture and destruction of this renegade Ku Shun-chang
is a conscious and glorious duty of every revolutionary fighter and of the
worker-peasant masses. Such methods as rewards and bribery used by landlords,
capitalists, and running dogs of counterrevolution cannot be used to insult us,
the exploited and oppressed masses. The broad worker peasant masses!
Consolidate your fronts and strive with one accord for the capture of Ku Shun-
chang!
Spread the revolutionary struggle and thoroughly eradicate Chiang Kai-shek's
killer organization, the K K!
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman
Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao, Vice Chairmen
People'.s Committee
10 December 1931
o HUNG CHI Weekly, Vol 27, 17 December 1931
Historical Material on the Ebb and Flow of Power Within the Chinese
Communist Party. Edited by Hsiao Tso-liang [5618 0155 2733] University
of Washington 1967.
8439
C SO : 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
OPEN LETTER TO THE PEOPLE OF THE WHOLE COUNTRY ON THE BETRAYAL OF CHINESE
NATIONAL INTERESTS BY THE KUOMINTANG REACTIONARY GOVERNMENT
11 December 1931
[Text] Dear Beloved workers, peasants, soldiers and revolutionary students'.
The Kuomintang reactionary government is once more engaging in new secret
deals to betray China, the Chinese national interests, and the Chinese people.
According to the news in the papers: The Kuomintang government has reorgan-
ized the setting up of a neutral zone in Chin-chou, has proposed the organiz-
ing of international control of Tientsin and has recognized all previous
secret treaties betraying the country and the national interests.
Brothers and sisters! Do you all understand what this means? It means that
tens of thousands of li of territory in Manchuria and several tens of millions
of people are irrevocably lost to Japanese imperialism and for them to trample
upon: It means that Chin-chou and Tienstsin are to be presented on a platter
to international imperialism and for them to despoil, and it is to put heavy
chains and shackles on the 400 million people of China so that generation upon
generation of our children will be forever subjugated to the oppression and
exploitation of Japanese and International imperialism and become slaves with-
out a county! Brothers and sisters! This is unprecedented and shocking-news
of plotting to betray the nation, but the reactionary ruling class is clamor-
ing such lies as "revolutionary diplomacy," final preparations," and "march
north to recover lost territory." This is truly the most shameless plot ever
hatched under the sun!
Brothers! Sisters! Can we allow the reactionary rule to connive freely with
imperialism to carve us up like sheep? Can we watch our land being forcefully
taken away by Japanese imperialism? Can we endure the cruelest kind of oppres-
sion, slaughter, and humiliation suffered by slaves in the colonies? Can we
silently watch our own brothers being whipped, killed, and slaughtered? Can
we unfeelingly watch our sisters being molested, insulted, and raped? No: No:
Ten thousand times no! We must rise in unison to oppose, oppose the aggression
of Japanese and international imperialism, oppose the shameless capitulation
of the Kuomintang rulers, to imperialism, and its betrayal of China: Go on
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
strike, boycott classes, and stop work! Seize the weapons of the reaction-
aries to arm ourselves and let us all strive to drive out Japanese imperial-
ism and overthrow the running dogs of imperialism--the Kuomintang!
Brothers! Sisters! Can we still have any illusions and hopes for the
Kuomintang rule? The Kuomintang rule has brought year after year of famine
without end, caused tens of millions of the working masses to live a life of
suffering, homeless, destitute, hungry, and cold, turned millions of jobless
workers in the streets with no means of livelihood, fomented endless wars of
the warlords which resulted in the death of tens of thousands of soldiers,
whose bones lie scattered in the wilderness, made orphans and widows homeless,
manufactured countless tragic incidents and secret treaties undermining
national interests and humiliating the nation, and caused China to fall under
the iron heel of imperialism with no hope of emancipation. Can we have one
more minute of patience with the reactionary rule whose crimes stink to high
heavens? No, no, ten thousand times no! What should we do, then? We should
all rise as one and topple this reactionary rule of the Kuomintang! Organize
and unite, prepare our forces and weapons, and carry out armed uprisings to
overthrow the Kuomintang rule and establish a people's own government'. Carry
out a war of anti-imperialism and national liberation under the leadership of
our own political political power!
Brothers! Sisters! Can we be victorious over Japanese and international
imperialisms after we overthrow the reactionary rule and organized our own
political power to fight a revolutionary war? Can we smash the well-trained
and well-supported troops of imperialism? Yes, yes, ten thousand times yes!
After 4 years of massive war, the bone-weary worker and peasant masses of
Russia relied on their own power and the leadership of the Bolsheviks to
smash the allied army of 14 nations. And so can we. The unity of tens of
millions of people is a force that is superior than all the planes and artil-
lery of the imperialists, and, what is more, we have the proletariat of the
world, the oppressed slaves of the colonies, and the USSR, which occupies one-
sixth of the world, on our side. Rise up, overthrow the reactionary rule of
the Kuomintang, establish our own government, and wage a bloody war to the
death with imperialism:
Brothers' Sisters' The Provisional Central Soviet Government announces to
you: The soviet government is the only revolutionary government that opposes
imperialism to the end. With the objective to achieve the complete independ-
ence and.l:iberation of the Chinese nation, we oppose all open and secret
unequal treaties between the reactionary government of China and imperialism;
we oppose secret diplomacy; we propose the ousting of all land, sea, and air
forces of imperialism from China; we propose the confiscation of all banks,
mines, railways, and enterprises of imperialism in China; we deny all foreign
debts; we regard the Kuomintang governments in Nanking and Kwangtung as no
different from the traitorous government of landlords and the capitalist class,
and they have no right whatsoever to represent the working masses of China.
The soviet government holds that all negotiations and agreements between them
and imperialism are null and void. With regard to the Manchuria incident, we
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
propose the immediate and unconditional pull-out of all Japanese troops
from China, abrogate all Sino-Japanese treaties, confiscate all Japanese
banks, mines, railways, and business enterprises in China, recover all
foreign concessions, abolish consular jurisdictional rights, and draft new
and equal treaties with due respect to the independence and freedom of Soviet
China. Otherwise, we shall carry out a resolute war of national liberation
against the Japanese imperialists. However, in order to attain the independ-
ence and liberation of the Chinese nation, in order to carry out the war of
national liberation and achieving victory, it is necessary to first of all
overthrow the traitorous, counterrevolutionary Kuomintang government, the
betrayer.of Chinese national interests, and establish a soviet type demo-
cratic dictatorship of workers and peasants over the entire country!
Brothers! Sisters! Imperialist aggression is becoming more.. and more ruthless,
the national betrayal of the Kuomintang is becoming more despicable day by
day, and the sufferings of the working masses have become more and more un-
bearable! Rise up, the working masses of the entire nation, unite, organize,
and arm to fight a decisive battle with imperialism and with the Kuomintang!
Rally around the banner of the soviet and wipe out the counterrevolutionary
rule of the Kuomintang with the worker-peasant revolution, overthrow the semi-
colonial type of rule of imperialism in China, and achieve the freedom and
liberation of the Chinese nation and the Chinese people'. Oppose imperialism
and oppose the oppression and the butchering of the anti-imperialist movement
by the Kuomintang with strikes, school boycotts, and work stoppages!
Arm the masses and drive out Japanese imperialism!
Abrogate all negotiations and secret treaties between the Kuomintang and
imperialism!
Overthrow the counterrevolutionary rule of the Kuomintang!
Down with imperialism!
Support the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic--
the Chinese people's own government!
Support the Red Army--the Chinese people's own, and the only armed force that
opposes imperialism to the end:
Long live the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation!
Long live Soviet China:
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman
Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
Vice Chairmen
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
The Provisional Central Revolutionary
Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic
Fourth Anniversary of the Kwangtung Uprising, December 1931
o "Soviet China," Soviet Russia Foreign Workers Publishing House (Moscow)
1933
8439
C so : 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
IMPORTANT DIRECTIVE ON CONSTRUCTION OF THE SOVIET
15 December 1931
[Text] In the past, the organization of the various levels of the soviet
has been poorly structured. First, administrative areas were too large to
facilitate administration; second, too many levels of government slowed the
flow of directives and caused poor liaison; and, third, of special importance
is the fact that election procedures were not comprehensive. The election of
various levels of government was done either by simply calling mass meetings
or by convening representatives meetings or joint conferences of chairmen
without passing through the various stages of the election process. Especial-
ly the basic organization of the soviet--the urban and rural soviets--had not
been truly established. Fourth, the division of labor.and the work procedures
within the various levels of government were, on the whole, unsuitable. All
of the above contradicted the constitution of the soviet and the laws and
regulation of the central government.
The provisional central government now announces that the county government
in the various areas must begin anew to delimit administrative areas and
reorganize the various levels of government in accordance with the constitu-
tion and the provisional laws and regulations proclaimed by the central gov-
ernment. First in importance is the re-demarcation of (administrative) areas
and villages (abolishing hamlets and small units) in accordance with the pro-
visional regulations governing the delimiting of administrative areas. Next
is the election of village and town soviets (these are the basic organizations
of the soviet) in accordance with the election process, and then, in accordance
with the provisional laws and regulations governing the organization of local
governments, reconstruct the entire structure of the soviet from the village
and town levels to the provincial soviet. This is a task of the utmost impor-
tance and every level of local government must, with the greatest determination
and with all its power, carefully and meticulously carry it out. Only by so
doing will we be able to avoid having the re-delimited administrative areas
become as full of faults and riddled with imperfections as the former ones
were, and only thus can the various newly reorganized levels of government
avoid becoming like the old. If such weaknesses are to be eliminated the
various provincial governments must exert their greatest efforts in directing
this movement to construct the local soviets. Besides giving instructions
the issuance of various notices with detailed specifics, conferences of
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
persons with principal responsibilities in the two levels of county and
administrative area governments are to be convened at local sites and pro-
vincial locations. Then, select a suitable [deletion] to call a meeting of
persons with principal responsibilities in the various village. governments,
with the provincial and county governments dispatching personnel to direct
these meetings and discuss clearly and in detail the significance of.the
soviet construction movement and the practical ways to carry it out. More-
over, the leadership must. dispatch personnel to various counties to inspect
when the actual. delimiting of administrative areas and reelection of govern-
ments are in. progress in order to resolve difficulties and problems and cor-
rect'errors as they arise. The direction of administrative areas by county,
and village by administrative area,.should follow this procedure. It is
imperative to achieve excellent results in this current..movement of soviet
construction..
The two provinces of Kiangsi and Fukien, and the affiliated county of Jui-
ching, have . set .the period beginning from 20 December 1931 to 31 March 1932
as the period for the movement of. constructing soviets in accordance with
the new laws. The.soviets of these two provinces and of Jui-thing county,
should immediately draw up suitable work schedule during this set period to
enable the re-delimiting of administrative areas and election of various
level soviets'to, be accomplished in a planned and successful manner within
period of 100 .days (the delimiting and election of the first level of village
will consume'_a::major'portion of the effort and time), as well as keeping the
central government constantly informed' of what has transpired so that it can
give timely 'directions. The other provinces are to implement as of date of
rcnci r+ , ' +hi o.. Ai ren+4
By order of
Mao Tse Tung, Chairman
Hsiang Ying,.Chang Kuo-tao, (Vice Chairmen)
Executive Committee of the.Central Government
15 December 1931..
? "Red China; "' Vo.l 2, 18 December 1931
8439 .
CSO': 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
RESOLUTION ON THE EXECUTION OF THE LABOR LAW
20 December 1931
(Text] The following decision has been made by the Central Executive Commit-
tee on the execution of the labor law:
1. It is to be executed in accordance with the articles of the labor law
passed by the First National Congress of the Chinese Worker-Peasant-Soldier
Soviet.
2. This labor law becomes effective as of 1 January 1932.
3. Following the implementation of this labor law all decrees and laws and
decisions on labor questions previously announced by the various levels of
government become ineffective.
4. The People's Committee and the Ministry of Labor of the Central Government
can promulgate various special laws, specific regulations and tables in accord-
ance with the regulations set forth in the labor law and to expand their
applications.
5. Should there be amendments and addenda to the labor law it will be done
by order of the Central Executive Committee.
6. This labor law is effective within the territories of the Chinese Soviet
Republic.
7. Offenses against the various articles of the labor law and all other laws
regarding labor to be promulgated in the future will be punished in accordance
with the penalty set forth in the criminal code.
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman
Hsiang Ying, Vice Chairman
Chang Kuo-tao, Vice Chairman
20 December 1931
o "Soviet China," USSR Foreign Workers' Publishing House (Moscow) 1933
8439
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
LABOR LAW
Adopted at The First National Congress of the Chinese Worker-Peasant-Soldier
Soviet
Issued 1 January 1932
[Text] Chapter One. General Provisions
Article 1.
All hired workers in businesses, factories, mines, and workshops, as well as
all production enterprises and various organizations (State, cooperative, and
private are all included) should enjoy the provisions of this labor law.
Article 2.
Fighters and commanders serving in the Army,.Navy, and Air Force of the
Chinese Soviet Republic are not subject to the restrictions of this law.
Article 3.
Collective labor agreements and other labor contracts, regardless of whether
they have, or have not, been put into effect, are all declared ineffective
if their conditions of labor are inferior than those stipulated under this
law.
Article 4.
Besides enjoying the benefits of the working conditions stipulated by regula-
tions proclaimed separately by the Central Executive Committee, the People's
Committee, and the Ministry of Labor, tenant farmers, forestry workers, season-
al workers, transportation workers, coolies, female domestics and kitchen help,
and other workers with special job descriptions are also covered by the general
stipulations of this labor law.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
A ;,,cparate. determination will be made by the Ministry of Labor of the Central
government on the weight of loads handled by manual laborers (including steve-
dores, cart pullers, boat handlers, sedan chair bearers, and pole carriers)
and specific regulations covering the entitlement of independent laborers to
the rights stipulated under the labor law when hired will be proclaimed
separately by the Ministry.
Chapter Two. Hiring Procedures
Article 6.
The process of hiring workers must be handled by trade unions and employment
offices and it must be based upon the collective contract. All types of con-
tracting on piece work system and foreman contracting system made by the so-
called foremen, labor contracting personnel and compradores, as well as by
any private agencies are strictly prohibited.
All employment offices must be organized by the labor departments of the
various levels of government and it is strictly prohibited to set up private
employment offices or hiring agencies.
Requiring workers to pay for finding them jobs or garnishee their wages for
compensations for so doing.
Article 9.
Those who are in search of work shall register with the employment offices
set up in various localities by the Ministry of Labor and be listed in the
register of unemployed workers.
Chapter Three. Collective Contracts and Labor Contracts
A collective contract is an agreement drawn up between the trade union repre-
senting the workers and staff on the one hand and the employer on the other.
In this collective contract are stipulated the job requirements as set forth
by employers in businesses and organizations, and private and household
employers for the employee. In this contract the contents of the contract
agreement to be drawn up between the employer and the employee are further
stipulated.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
The stipulations of the collective contract are applicable to the entire
body of workers in businesses or organizations regardless of whether they
have or have not joined the trade union.
Collective contracts duly registered with the Ministry of Labor become effec-
tive as of the date of signing by both parties concerned or as of the date
set forth in the contract.
A labor contract is an agreement between one or several workers and the
employer, and should the conditions of the labor contract be inferior to
the conditions set forth in the current labor law or in the collective con-
tract they are to be completely nullified. The length of the effective period
of the limited collective contract and labor contract shall not exceed 1 year.
The union has the right to request cancellation before the end of the con-
tracted period.
Chapter Four. Working Hours
Article 14
In accordance with the stipulation of this labor law, the normal daily working
hours for all hired workers shall not exceed 8 hours.
The daily working hours for young workers between the ages of 16 and 18 shall
not exceed 6 hours, and those for child workers between the ages of 14 and 16
shall not exceed 4 hours.
Article 16.
All workers in ind.uatrial departments hazardous to health (such as under-
ground mining for lead, and zinc and other work with poisonous substances)
shall have their daily working hours curtailed to less than 6 hours, and in
certain kinds of work in industries which are harmful to health the daily
working hours shall be curtailed to a certain number of hours, and this will
be stipulated and proclaimed by the Ministry of Labor.
The normal work period for night workers shall be 1 hour less than normal
working hours (an 8-hour normal working day will be shortened to 7 hours,
a 7-hour day to 6 hours, and so on).
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
(Note) Night work is defined as the work hours beginning at 9 in the evening
to the morning hours of the next day.
Article 18.
All industrial and seasonal work shall not exceed the time limit set by this
labor law, with the exception of those certain industrial departments that
have been specially authorized to do so by labor inspection organizations or
by trade unions.
Chapter Five. Rest Periods
Article 19.
Every worker shall normally have a continuous 42 hours of unbroken rest every
week.
Article 20.
Workers who have worked continuously for over 6 months in any business enter-
prise must have at least 2 weeks vacation with pay. Workers engaged in indus-
tries with health hazards shall have at least 4 weeks vacation with pay each
year.
Article 21.
All work shall cease on the following commemorative and festive days: a)
1 January, New Years; b) 21 January, the anniversary of the death of Lenin,
the leader of world revolution; c) 7 February, the day commemorating the
massacre of Peking-Hankow railwa workers by the warlords; d) 18 March, com-
memorating the Paris Commune; e) 1 May, International Labor Day; f) 30 May,
commemorating the 30 May Massacre and Anti-imperialism Day; g) 7 November,
marking the proletarian revolution and the founding of the Chinese Soviet
Republic; h) and 11 December, commemorating the Canton Uprising.
(Note) The labor departments at various levels of government may, in consul-
tation with the local general trade union and in accordance with the local
situation, set aside local commemorative days as special rest days and wages
will be paid as usual for these commemorative rest days.
Working hours on the eve of rest days, commemorative days, and festive days
shall be 6 hours at the most.
The daily work hours specified in this labor law include a meal time of from
30 minutes to 1 hour for which wages shall not be deducted.
48
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Article 24.
Leaves of absences due to sicknesses and pregnancies given to workers and
staff are not to be included in the vacation period stipulated under
Article 20.
Chapter Six. Wages
The wages of any worker shall not be less than the actual minimum wage level
stipulated by the Ministry of Labor. The minimum wage level of the various
industrial departments shall be reviewed at least once every 3 months by the
Ministry of Labor.
Article 26.
The actual wages in various business enterprises (State or private shall be
stipulated through the collective contract entered into by the workers (as
represented by the union) and the owner or manager of the business enterprise.
Workers are to be paid double wages for extra work specially authorized by
labor inspection agericie:; and the trade unions.
Workers working on rest days or commemorative days with authorization from
the labor inspection agency shall receive double wages.
Article 29.
Female and young workers doing the same work as adult male and female workers
shall receive equal pay. Although child and young workers have a shortened
work period, their wages shall be calculated on the basis of an entire day's
work in accordance with the wage level of that profession.
Pay for night work shall be higher than for normal (day) work. A one-seventh
increase in wages shall be made for those working 8 hours of night shift and
one-fifth for those working the 6-hour schedule (hazardous work) at night.
Those who work nights on a piece-work basis shall not only receive their
earned wages but also have their wages increased by one-fifth of their average
pay if they work 8 hours.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Article 31.
Wages are to be paid in cash (not in kind) and they shall be paid once every
week or once every half-month. (This shall not be later than half a month
and the accumulation of unpaid wages by any means is prohibited), and shall
be paid directly into the hands of the worker.
Vacation pay shall be paid to workers and staff before they go on vacation
each year.
On piece work employment the workers (with the trade union representing the
worker) and the employer may draw up a collective contract. Daily production
rate and daily median wage shall be stipulated on all piece work (to be cal-
culated on the basis of time required for each piece of work in every industry).
Chapter Seven. Female, Youth, and Child Workers
Article 34.
The following articles specially protecting female, youth, and child workers
are formulated in addition to the general rights they enjoy under the chapters
of this law.
Female, youth, and child workers are prohibited from working in industrial
departments where the work is complicated, heavy or dangerous. The industrial
departments where female, youth, and child workers are to be prohibited will
be reviewed and announced by the Ministry of Labor (such as underground mining,
rubber, lead, copper, resin, tin foundries and other similar areas of work
where the work area is either too high or too low).
Article 36.
Female workers are prohibited from working in any business enterprise where
lift loads exceed 40 catties. Should it be necessary to include some female
workers in some special industries or in the course of operation, their work
periods should not exceed two-thirds of normal work time.
Male or female workers under the age of 18, or female workers who are pregnant
or with nursing infants are strictly prohibited from doing night work.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Article 38.
All female workers engaged in physical labor will rest for 8 weeks before
and 8 weeks after giving birth and their wages will be continued during this
period. Female staff in organization engaged in mental labor (such as female
clerks and secretaries) shall rest with pay for 6 weeks before and 6 weeks
after giving birth. Two weeks rest with pay is given for miscarriages.
(Note) Wages paid to female workers for the period of rest preceding and
following the giving of birth and for miscarriages are to be borne by the
owner of the factory. Where social insurance offices have been established
it will be paid through them.
Article 39.
It is not permitted to terminate female workers during the period covering
the 5 months preceding the giving of birth and 9 months after giving birth.
Without obtaining their agreement they cannot be sent out on business or
transferred to another locality.
Article 40.
Besides enjoying the regulations under Article 23 of this Labor Law female
workers with nursing infants will have a regulated half-hour rest every 3
hours for the purpose of nursing the baby and wages are not permitted to be
deducted for this. Furthermore, a nursery and nursing room will be set up
in the factory and the factory will be responsible for employing personnel
to look ater them.
Article 41.
The hiring of males and females under the age of 14 is strictly prohibited
and child workers between the ages of 14 and 16 can be hired only after per-
mission has been given by the labor inspection agency.
Article 42.
A complete and thorough registration of ages, work periods, and wages of
youth and child workers must be made by every business enterprise.
Article 43.
Vocational or factory schools will be established to further advance the skills
of young workers and they will also be provided with supplementary education.
The factory will cover the expenses. The old system of apprenticeship and the
apprentice system fostering the development of various types of wages are
strictly prohibited. All conditions inferior to the stipulations carried in
this labor law (such as wages, hours, and benefits) are proclaimed null and
void.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5 -
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Chapter Eight. Work Cafety
Article 48.
All sorts of fines and docking of wage.; must be strictly prohibited. Reim-
bursement for damages is also prohibited. At the same time, collection of
money for security collateral or for salary savings are strictly prohibited.
Article 49.
No wage deductions should be made for work stoppage during production due to
the factory's fault (such as damage to machinery, insufficient raw materials)
and the factory's inability to implement regulations set forth by the Soviet).
Article 50.
Regardless of the length of time involved, there shall be no docking of wages
of workers participating in soviet. elections, attending a mass meeting of the
soviet, going to a mass meeting or conference of workers and staff, performing
the work of a factory committee member, or being summoned by a court as a
material witness, an expert witness, or to jury duty.
Article 51.
Workers and staff losing their jobs on being conscripted for military service
with the Red Army are to be compensated with 3 months average wages before
their departure.
Employers must provide workers with tools and they shall not deduct wages for
the usage of the tools. If the worker uses his own tools, the employer will
reimburse him the original cost. A detailed method will be worked out in the
collective contract.
The factory will fund the construction of workers' dormitories and allocate
them to workers and their families free of charge. Factories which have not
yet constructed dormitories will subsidize workers with a suitable sum of
rent money every month.
Article 54.
The employer shall issue half a month's average wage as severance pay if
workers and staff are willing to dissolve the labor contract. If the employer
terminates workers or staff, he must give them 3 months' average wages as
severance pay.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
The employer must preserve his original salary and average salary should a
worker or staff become temporarily incapicitated.
Article 56.
The implementation of the labor law will be surpervised by the labor inspector.
He has the authority to close down that enterprise which he considers as hav-
ing the potential of causing immediate harm to the physical well-being and the
life of the workers. The duties of the labor inspector will be defined sep-
arately by the Ministry of Labor.
All those who contracted occupational diseases in the course of their work
after being employed are held in the sight of this law as similar to sustain-
ing work-related injuries and shall be fully compensated.
Chapter Nine. The All-China Federation of Trade Unions and Other Organizations.
Article 58.
The All-China Federation of Trade Unions is formed by uniting all workers and
staff of all business enterprises and organizations throughout the nation.
All types of trade unions and other local organizations must be organized in
accordance with the rules and regulations passed by the National Congress of
the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. All types of joint associations
not organized in accordance with the said rules and regulations shall not be
termed as a trade union, and also shall not be permitted to enjoy the legal
rights of a congress of workers.
Article 59.
The Soviet guarantees the trade unions freedom of action. They have the
right to proclaim and lead strikes, negotiate on behalf of workers, and sign
contracts. The general trade unions of industrial workers in the various
counties and provinces may represent workers in ratifying collective contracts
of commerce and industry of local workers.
Article 60.
All collective or labor contracts are to be implemented under the supervision
of factory or shop committees because they are the basic organizations of
trade unions in enterprises. They are also allowed to supervise the imple-
mentation of this labor law and other laws pertaining to labor.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Article 61.
The principal task of the trade union is to represent individual or collec-
tive workers and protect the interests of all hired workers. It is also to
strive for means to improve all economic and cultural conditions of the
worker, using various means to vigorously assist and strengthen the develop-
ment, as well as protecting, the soviet movement and the soviet government.
Article 62.
In all the business enterprises of the State and cooperatives, the trade
union directly participates and assists in the economy and the administration
of these industries. In a private industry the trade union establishes a
special organization to supervise production.
Article 63.
The soviet government provides material assistance to trade unions organiza-
tions and also allows them to enjoy such municipal public utilities as the
mails, telephones, telegrams, electricity, running water, and preferential
treatment on railways and steamers.
Article 64.
The employer will set aside a sum equivalent to 2 percent of the total wages
for administrative expenses of the trade union, and another 1 percent for
cultural expenses for the workers.
Article 65.
The employer must have the agreement of the trade union to terminate a worker.
Representing the workers, the factory and shop committees. of the trade union
participate in arbitration committees to resolve all disputes between labor
and capital.
Every factory and shop committee is for protecting the working conditions of
the workers in their own industry. Every factory committee must select three
to seven active workers to organize a special committee on labor safety. The
role of this committee is to a) inspect whether all the articles on labor
safety in the labor law and in the collective contract have been implemented;
and b) whether the proposals made in the inspection log of the labor inspec-
tion organization have been put into effect.
Article 6`j.
The trade union has the right to propose to the Soviet government for the
proclamation of various types of labor laws and also to nominate and recommend
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
(the appointment of) labor inspectors. The members of the factory committee
have the right to freely enter and leave the factory and inspect the entire
factory with the credentials of the factory committee.
Chapter Ten. Social Insurance.
Article 68.
Social insurance is applicable to all hired workers regardless of whether he
is with State, cooperative, or private industry, his length of service, or
the wage system he comes under.
Article 69.
Besides the regular wages he should pay, the employer must turn over 10 to 15
percent of the total wages as social insurance funds. This table of percent-
ages will be separately proclaimed under special order of the Ministry of
Labor. It is absolutely forbidden to collect insurance premiums from the
insured or to deduct them from his wages.
The following are the types of compensations under social insurance:
A. Free medical aid: Medical expenses will be paid regardless of whether it
is for general illness, illness contracted from work, work related injuries
or deaths, or occupational diseases. His family also enjoy similar free
medical aid.
B. Subsidies for those temporarily incapacitated from work: The wages during
absences from work due to sudden illnesses, injuries, separations, pregnancies,
giving birth, and attending to ailing family members.
C. Unemployment compensation: 1. Trade union members with over a year's
service are eligible, and over 2 year's employment is required for non-members;
2. The unemployed worker will be able to receive unemployment compensation
only when he has registered with the employment office or the local trade
union, or an organization certifies him as an ex-employee, or he has a trade
union membership card; 3. The length of the period for paying unemployment
compensation may be limited in accordance with the local situation and the
condition of the insurance fund. However, an unemployed worker may still be
eligible for a reasonable amount of unemployment compensation.
D. Compensation for the disabled and the aged and infirm: Cash compensation
must be paid to any worker who becomes partially or totally disabled through
occupational disease, injury, or for any other reason, or can no longer work
because of age, and after the nature and severity of the disability and his
family situation have been examined and verified by a special committee
created for this sole purpose.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
E. Child subsidy: As in the case of a worker who, after giving birth,
needs to obtain subsidy for the purchase of necessary commodities and milk
for the baby for 10 months. However, the aggregate total of such a subsidy
shall not exceed 2 months' wages.
F. Funeral and burial subsidy: At the death of the worker or his family
member, funeral and burial expenses are to be obtained from the social
insurance office.
G. Poverty stipend for workers' families: When a worker whose family depend
wholly on his earnings dies or is missing, his family is entitled to compen-
sation. The size of the compensation and the length of the payment period
will depend upon such conditions as the size of the worker's family, and
this is to be examined and decided upon by the special committee. A worker
who has been hired by, and has worked for more than 6 months in any business
enterprise is entitled to this stipend. (Note) Sudden illness compensation
is calculated from the first day of the illness and may be as high as the
worker's wages. However, it shall not exceed the maximum amount normally
stipulated for such compensations. A person disabled from occupational
disease is equally entitled to this sickness compensation until the stipu-
lated disability compensation becomes effective.
(Note) Minor's unemployment compensation may be applied and obtained by the
worker regardless of the number of hours he works or of the type of work he
is engaged in.
The employer cannot question the management of the social insurance office
and the application of the.social insurance funds. He has only the obligation
to pay the social insurance premiums. The congress of trade unions will
elect a control committee for social insurance organizations. Furthermore,
with the approval of the government and under the supervision of the trade
union and the Ministry of Labor, this committee will manage the collection
of social insurance funds and its application.
(Note) The various subsidies listed under this chapter will be borne by the
employer if a social insurance office has not yet been established.
Chapter Eleven. The Organization for Arbitration Between Labor and Capital
and. for Handling Cases of Labor Law Crimes
All cases concerning labor law crimes and disputes between labor and capital
will either be decided by the labor court of the People's Court and enforced,
or resolved peacefully through the adjudicative committee formed by represent-
atives from both labor and capital and the arbitration committee in the Min-
of Labor. Details or the functions of the adjudicative and the arbitra-
tion committees will be announced separately by the Ministry of Labor.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Article 73.
Crimes against the labor law and all laws on labor as well as collective
contracts will be handled by the labor court of the People's Court, regard-
less of what punishment will be meted out under the criminal code.
Chapter Twelve. By-Laws
Article 74.
The Ministry of Labor will interpret the labor law should questions arise
and there is dispute in the course of implementation. In areas which have
not yet been united with the central soviet areas the labor department of
the provincial government of that soviet area will do the interpreting.
In the soviet areas not yet united with the central soviet area, the highest
political power organization has the authority to proclaim all detailed
regulations and tables that the Ministry of Labor has the authority to prom-
ulgate.
0 Anthology of Red Bandits Reactionary Documents, Vol 5, 1935
8439
c co : 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
DETAILED FUNCTIONS OF THE ELECTION COMMITTEE
Adopted at the First Session of the Central Executive Committee
December 1931
[Text] Chapter One. General Provisions
Article 1.
In accordance with the articles 76 to 79 of the Constitution, and as set
forth in the various articles of the election process, a work procedure
(standard operations procedure?) is especially proclaimed to facilitate
the work of the election committee.
The Central Executive Committee has the authority to rescind or revise this
process, and it has the right to interpret unclear points or points in dis-
pute regarding this work procedure.
Article 3.
This work procedure is to be implemented in the entire territory of the
Chinese Soviet Republic, and all election committees shall function in accord-
ance with this procedure.
Chapter Two. Staffing of the Election Committee
Article 4.
After the election committee has been established in accordance with the
election process, the members of the committee should lose no time in assign-
ing work among themselves, with each member shouldering part of the function
of the election committee.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Article 5.
The committee members should not be divorced from production. They may be
relieved of the work assigned to them when they are managing an election so
as to devote themselves to it.
Article 6.
The employment of special functionaries, such as secretaries and registration
clerks, may be considered, but, whenever possible, employ those from the
executive committeesof administrative areas and urban soviets.
It is not necessary to set up a separate office as the premises of the admin-
istrative areas' executive committees and of the urban soviets may be utilized.
Chapter Three. Pre-election Work
Voter registration should be carried out in an election area 2 weeks before
the election. In registering voters, the election committee may assign
special registration clerks for the unorganized electorate, and this task may
be entrusted to the leaders of the organized electorate.
Registration of voters should be made on voters registration cards published
by the Central Executive Committee.
After the registration, the election committee must designate members to
organize committees for examining these cards.
When the examination has been completed, a list of qualified voters should be
published and put up in the residential areas or in the fields of the voters.
(Note) In accordance with the election laws, election notices should be cir-
culated. However, in order to facilitate the election work, the publication
of a voters' list is substituted as a temporary measure.
The voters' list should be published 3 days before the election takes place.
59
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Article 13.
The draft of the proposals forwarded by the voters through their representa-
tives should be prepared before the election and first published in the areas
where the voters live so that they will have prior understanding of what pro-
posals should be made.
Article 14.
Before the election, the committee should publish the total number of voters
in the various locales of the elections and the number of representatives
and alternate representatives that should be elected (a ratio of five repre-
sentatives to one alternate representative). If the number of alternates are
not enough to fulfill this ratio, one alternate member may be elected. Be-
sides, a list of those stripped of their voting rights should be published
after it has been processed through the executive committee of the area and
the urban soviet.
Article 15.
The time and place of the election must be made public 3 days before the
election.
Article 16.
Prepare the election site, post gate guards, the assign workers to register
the people entering the site. Voters should be let into the election site
in the order of the name list.
Chapter Four. Work During the Election
Article 17.
Any and all of the election meetings must be attended by the chairman of the
election committee, or assign a fully empowered representative to participate.
The chairman of the election committee or the fully empowered representative
should announce the opening of the election meeting followed by an announce-
ment on whether the attendance of the meeting has the full required number as
prescribed by law.
Article 19.
The chairman of the election committee or the representative plenipotentiary
is the presiding chairman of the election.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
The first item on the agenda of the election meeting is the announcement by
the chairman of the election committee or the fully empowered representative,
in accordance with requirement of articles 73, 74, and 75 of the Constitution,
of who has the right to vote, who has the right to be elected, who has been
stripped of his right to vote or to be elected.
Chapter Five. Post Election Work
The election committee must collect together the documents of the election
(such as voters' registration lists, minutes of the election meetings,
registration of attendance) and hand them over to the executive committee
of the area or the urban soviet for review.
The election committee must make a summation report on the meeting to the
area's executive committee or the urban soviet. A detailed financial report
should also be made to the area executive committee or the urban soviet on
the expense outlay of the election committee.
Article 23.
After the close of the meeting, the election committee will wind up its
affairs, turn over everything bought by the committee to the area executive
committee or the urban soviet and cease its function.
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman
Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao, Vice Chairmen
Central Executive Committee
o "Detailed Election Regulations of the Chinese Soviet Republic," printed by
the Central Executive Committee, December 1931
Anthology of Red Bandits' Reactionary Documents, Vol 3, 1935
8439
c o : 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
PRACTICAL MEASURES FOR CARRYING OUT REGULATIONS GOVERNING PREFERENTIAL
TREATMENT FOR RED ARMY MEMBERS
Directive No 9 of the Executive Committee
1 February 1932
[Text] The First National Congress of the Chinese Worker-Peasant-Soldier
Congress passed the regulations governing preferential treatment for Red
Army members. These regulations on preferential treatment have set forth
many superior privileges for the Red Army members. Why so many superior
conditions have to be regulated for the Red Army members? Because, in the
past several years of struggle, the Red Army has been the main force in the
resolute implementation of agrarian revolution, the determined opposition
against imperialism, and against the Kuomintang warlords, and it is a power-
ful defender of the soviet government. In the past history of the revolution-
ary struggles of China it has a glorious record of heroic struggles. Presently,
the Chinese revolution is in an environment of savage revolutionary warfare
and it is in a period of actively carrying out this revolutionary warfare, to
wage even more ferocious warfare against the imperialist Kuomintang warlords.
To first achieve victory in one or several provinces, and then victory through-
out the nation, there must be a massive Red Army. The Red Army fights for the
liberation of workers, peasants, and all oppressed people. They are fighters
who do battle for the soviet political power, struggle for the liberation and
the interests of workers and peasants and all oppressed people with the great-
est spirit of sacrifice. Therefore, the soviet government and the worker-
peasant masses should naturally give special preferential treatment to the
Red Army members so that these fighters will feel assured and will not worry
about their families, thereby enabling them to concentrate wholly on fighting
bravely. For this reason the First National Congress specially set forth-these
regulations governing the preferential treatment of Red Army members.
In the past, the various local soviets have certainly set forth certain regu-
lations governing the preferential treatment of Red Army members and their
families. However, in their actual implementation, there was a lack of
attention and care, and, in some areas, outright neglect or no implementation
at all. That was tantamount to sabotaging the Red Army and created a great
obstacle to the expansion of the Red Army and the strengthening of its combat
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
effectiveness. This is a major error. From now on all levels of soviet
government should strictly rectify the errors of the past, and absolutely
ensure the carrying out of the regulations passed by the All Soviets Congress
on preferential treatment of Red Army members. Henceforth, should there again
be neglect in giving preferential treatment to the Red Army members, or there
is a dragging of feet in the implementation of regulations governing the pref-
erential treatment of Red Army members, it will be punished in a similar man-
ner as for counterrevolution. Therefore, the following practical measures for
the implementation of the regulations governing preferential treatment of Red
Army members are set forth to facilitate p.rtt.ing them into effect.
1. With the areas as the unit, immediately investigate who have become mem-
bers of the Red Army, the number of people in the families of these members,
how much land they have, how many labor effectives they possess, who lack, or
have inadequate, labor, total them up and make two copies, retaining one for
reference and one to be turned over to the county soviet for record. This
task is to be completed as of 1 March.
2. The political departments and political commissars of the various armies
of the Red Army and its independent divisions, as well as local armed forces
divorced from production, will be responsible for detailed registration of
all commanders, fighters, and workers by name, age, domicile, and family
situation, and report them to the revolutionary military commission or the
local soviet government. This task is also deadlined for completion before
1 March.
3. The local government and the political department and commissars of the
Red Army will investigate to the best of their ability those fighters of the
Red Army already sacrificed, and report to the revolutionary military com-
mittee or the local soviet government so as to have the county governments
take action.
4. The responsible persons of various armies and local armed force units
will investigate and differentiate by class composition, or by the principal
or support roles played by those in the Red Army or local armed forces who
have, in the past, participated in counterrevolutionary organizations regard-
less of whether they are those who have been sentenced or who have confessed,
reformed, and remained in the units, and report them to higher echelon organ-
izations so that decisions could be made on whether their land should, or
.should riot be, confiscated arid these decisions turned over to the various
local governments for implementation after decisions have been reached in
these cases.
5. Except for Rod Army fighters with foreign domicile, the registration
ledgers of the various armies are to be forwarded by the Central Government
to the various area governments. They, in turn, will compare the name lists
of the various army units with their own and report the result to their own
higher level of government for record. If there are discrepancies, they are
still required to be examined carefully and reported to the higher level gov-
ernment for review so as to avoid omissions or errors.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
6. The current important problem on the implementation of the regulations
governing preferential treatment is the mobilizing of the masses to help
the families of Red Army members cultivate their land and to farm public
land half for the Red Army. This should be done by the area and village
government in accordance with the compiled name lists, totalling up the
number of Red Army member families with no labor or have inadequate labor
force, and calculate the amount of voluntary labor needed. Then total how
much labor force is available in the various villages of the entire area
and, accordingly; allocate the worker-peasant masses of a certain area to
help the families of that area in farming their land and to cultivate the
public land of the Red Army. The village soviets are assigned this respon-
sibility and practical allocations are to be made and cultivation carried
out by them.
7. After receipt of notice from the area soviet, the various village soviets
are to immediately call a meeting of the village soviet and decide upon the
method of implementation. Then call.the families of Red Army members and the
entire populace of the village to a meeting to discuss and publicize the sig-
nificance of assisting families of Red Army members in farming their land and
the cultivation of public land of the Red Army, and the number of voluntary
labor force the village is obligated to provide. After the masses have
approved, allocate the number of days of voluntary labor and the schedule in
a practical manner. At the same time, the village soviet should also, do
their best to convene a meeting of responsible persons of poor peasant groups
and tenant farmer union and request their help in mobilizing the masses to
carry out the cultivation of public lands held by the Red Army and extend
assistance to families of Red Army members in the farming of their land. The
village soviet will be responsible for the supervision at cultivation and
harvesting periods and, at the same time, it must guard against giving coerc-
ive orders (the rich peasants are exceptions).
8. At the time of cultivation and at harvesting period the village soviet
will apply the methods of propaganda and encouragement to mobilize the broad
masses before they take place and assist the Red Army and the families of Red
Army members in these tasks based the voluntary labor force assigned, thereby
completing the cultivation and the harvesting of Red Army fields somewhat
ahead of the others.
9. Regarding measures for retaining public land for Red Army fighters of
foreign domicile, they should be in accordance with how much land has been
distributed to each person in that area and the stipulated quota of public
land :;et aside. This quota will be large or small in accordance with the
land distributed. For example, the method set up by Kiangsi Province is to
allocate public paddies for three to five people in villages where the per
person distribution is 5 tan, and more for those villages with distribution
exceeding 5 tan. Those villages distributing less than 5 tan per person
should also allocate public paddies for at least two persons. The other
soviet areas may allocate in a manner similar to Kiangsi's method. Besides
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
the necessity for old soviet areas to take measures for allocating public
paddies, all newly developed areas must give their special attention to
setting aside of public paddies when land is distributed.
10. With the administrative area as a unit all public paddies in the area
are to be totalled and reported to the county and then to the provincial.
governments. A report on the total amount of public paddies in the entire
province is then made to the Central Government. The General Political
Department of the Red Army will then distribute the public paddies available
in the various counties in accordance with the number of persons with foreign
domiciles in the Red Army. While reporting this, on the one hand, to the
Central Government for forwarding to local governments for announcement to
the masses, on the other hand announcements will also be made to the fighters
of various army units on how much public land have been newly allocated and
their locations. The fighters of the various units will then elect repre-
sentatives to inspect the allocated paddies at these locations.
11. Special markings should be set up by the area government on the public
paddies in various areas with the notation that it is the public paddies of
fighters of a certain army unit. Regarding such items as seeds and ferti-
lizers, they will be mainly supplied by mobilizing the masses, and, when
possible, the government will provide additional support.
12. After the harvest each year the area soviet will be responsible for
selling the harvested products and changing them into currency. This will
then be forwarded to the county government, and the provincial government
will hand the currency over to the Red Army for distribution to the person
enjoying the privilege of the public paddies.
13. The names, domiciles, and families of Red Army fighters with foreign
domicile who have sacrificed their lives should be registered so that when
the revolution developed to that area at a future date the Central Government
will issue orders to the local government to investigate and certify in accord-
ance with the addresses and give preferential treatment to their families in
accordance with these regulations.
14. If, after the death of a Red Army fighter, his family has inadequate
means, or no means at all, to maintain a livelihood, the government should
give a financial subsidy in accordance with the living expense needs of the
area until his children become self-supporting, or until the death of parents
and spouse where there are no issues.
15. The children of Red Army members have the right to free tuition in areas
where schools have been established. The village and area soviets will be
responsible for carrying this out.
16. Red Army fighters and their families enjoy special privileges in communi-
cations, and this will be implemented in accordance with Directive No 1 of
the People's Committee.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
1'(. With regard to disabled Red Army fighters, they will be handled by the
Red Army Relief and Comfort Committee of the (central) military committee
and the Disabled Veterans Hospital in accordance with the regulations govern-
ing preferential treatment.
18. For the purpose of carrying out the aforementioned measures and all the
stipulations set forth in the regulations governing preferential treatment
of Red Army members, a committee has been set up under the military affairs
department of the various county governments, and it will be responsible for
the management of matters concerning the preferential treatment of Red Army
members. A provincial committee has been set up under the provincial govern-
ment with the responsibility to oversee and direct the various county commit-
tees for the preferential treatment of Red Army members.
19. In order to supervise the thorough implementation of regulations govern-
ing the preferential treatment of Red Army members by the various levels of
government, the Worker-Peasant Inspection Department of the various levels
of government will be responsible for dispatching personnel at any time to
inspect, and if it is discovered that the regulations are not being imple-
mented or charges had been brought by Red Army fighters or their families,
the department will launch speedy investigations and take quick measures to
rectify the situation. The courts may prosecute such cases and punishment
will be meted out in accordance with the offense.
Spring is now here and spring cultivation is imminent. The various levels
of governments and the political organizations of the Red Army must immed-
iately discuss practical items of implementation and carry them out in
accordance with the regulations governing the preferential treatment of
Red Army members and the measures delineated in this directive. The progress
of implementation is to be reported to higher echelon at all times up to the
Central Government for review. It is of vital importance that there must be
no negligence nor dragging of feet.
By Order of,
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman
Hsiang Ying, Chang kuo-tao, Vice Chairmen
Central Executive Committee of the Chinese
Soviet Republic.
o "Soviet China," USSR Foreign Workers Publishing House (Moscow), 1933
* "Soviet China," Soviet Research Institution, China Book Store (Shanghai),
1932
* "Red China," Vol 8 (To be continued), 3 February 1932.
8439
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
RESOLUTION ON THE CONVICTION OF IMPORTANT MILITARY CRIMINALS OF THE REFORMED
FACTION OF THE AB GROUP BY THE PROVISIONAL SUPREME COURT
February 1932
ffext7 the text of the three court rulings should be approved in its en-
tirety. However, a revision must be made of the following points:
1. Ts'ao Shu-hsiang was originally sentenced to 2 years' imprisonment, but
this Executive Committee meeting considers this sentence to be too light.
This is because she was commissar of the Fourth Branch Hospital of the Red
Army Hospital and blatantly joined the AB Group to sabotage the Soviet regime
and the Red Army, thus violating the trust of the Communist Party and the
Soviet Government. Moreover, Ts'ao Shu-hsiang had studied in the Soviet
Union for 3 years. During the time of her study in the Soviet Union, she
sided politically with all bad elements. After her return to the homeland,
she came to the soviet area to work and joined the AB Group. Thus it is
obvious that her joining a counterrevolutionary organization was not acci-
dental. Hence, her imprisonment must be increased by 2 years and 3 months.
Altogether, she should be imprisoned for 3 years and 3 months. The period
of time during which she is stripped of her right to vote will still be
according to the original ruling.
2. K'ung Fan-shu should have served 3 years' imprisonment according to the
decision. But because he had performed considerable work during the revolu-
tionary war and had been wounded and become disabled, the court reduced his
sentence by 1 year and 6 months. However, in the AB Group the duties he had
assumed were those of general commander. Although he had performed consider-
able revolutionary work in the past, the penalty that has been laid on him
is still too light. The imprisonment should be increased by 3 months. Al-
together, he will be imprisoned for 1 year and 9 months. However, the period
of time during which he is stripped of his right to vote will still be accord-
ing to the original ruling.
3. Li Hsin-ch'eng was sentenced to 2 years' imprisonment, according to the
decision. Because he had been brave in every battle and wounded several
times, his sentence should be reduced by 6 months. As a result, he will be
imprisoned for 1 year and 6 months. The period of time during which he is
stripped of his right to vote will still be according to the original ruling.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
4. Wei Pai-kang should serve 5 years' imprisonment, according to the court
ruling. But according to the facts of the case, it is unavoidable that the
punishment meted out is a little too heavy. Hence, it should be reduced by
6 months and the imprisonment is for 4 years and 6 months. However, the
period of time during which he is stripped of his right to vote will still
be according to the original ruling.
The above-stated counterrevolutionary criminals should be notified and made
fully aware of this resolution on the reduction and increase of their re-
spective terms of imprisonment.
Central Executive Committee
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairmen: Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-tao
*Red Bandit Reactionary Documents, No 5
7682
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
LETTER FROM MAO TSE-TUNG TO YUAN KUO-PIING
6 March 1932
[Text? Comrade Yuan Kuo-ping:
1. Your first letter from Chiang-k'ou has been received here. Since the
masses in San-tu are like what you wrote in your letter, such places as
Ku-lung-kang ought to be even better than San-tu. We should exert ourselves
even more to win them over and not slacken our efforts and keep back because
of mass awareness.
2. Attention should be paid at all times to all tactics and methods used in
this work. We should not let this work deviate from the general task of
"winning over the masses to create a soviet area."' It is not good to lower
our political slogans to meet the demands of the political consciousness of
the backward masses. Now and then, with the intent of winning over the
masses, we of course can divide our work into a certain number of steps, but
this should be done in a way that it will not deviate from our fundamental
task, but will attain our general task of "winning over the masses to create
a soviet area in an even more realistic manner. On the whole, the tactics
and methods of work indicated in Issue No 3 of the Bulletin of the General
Political Department are correct, but all of you should apply them flexibly
and not follow the methods in the booklet stupidly. Because our previous
evaluation of the masses of the seven subdivisions of San-tu differs some-
what from what is said in your letter this time, the application of work
tactics and methods cannot be carried out mechanically. For instance,
judging from present conditions in San-tu, if we follow too mechanically
the method of attacking the big landlords first and the small landlords later--
this by no means is a tactical line--we will be stepping onto the road of oppor-
tunism. Furthermore, the process of transforming peasants associations into
Soviets and poor peasants associations must not last a long time. First of
all, we should make considerable efforts to arouse the masses of poor peasants,
tenant farmers, and middle peasants to quickly rise and struggle. In the
struggle, the fight against big landlords should be quickly developed into a
fight against small landlords and rich peasants. (Goods should be distributed,
fields distributed, and debts abolished.) As soon as a comparative majority
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
of poverty-stricken people have risen, that bunch of profiteering small
landlords and rich peasants remaining in the peasants associations should
be expelled completely, and organs of political power of the masses--the
soviets--and class organizations of the masses--the poor peasants associa-
tions--should be established immediately. In a word, tactics and methods of
work depend upon actual conditions. You should acquaint yourselves with
local conditions in a very practical way and decide on even more practical
tactics and methods in accordance with the sentiments and requirements of the
local populace about struggle before you can achieve still greater practical
results.
When the Red masses first enter a White village, reprisals and rash acts
will necessarily occur. You should also take note of similar incidents hap-
pening in other places. As to discipline in the army forces,. you cannot
relax in the slightest. If the masses want to fight, you should organize
them into small guerrilla units to distribute the property of the evil gentry
among the masses. In order to organize small guerrilla units, you should
organize elementary mass organizations--peasants associations. In order to
organize small guerrilla units, you should even go so far as to organize pro-
visional organs of political power--revolutionary committees. In order to
organize small guerrilla units, you should attack the local tyrants whom the
masses fear. Why do I say this? It is because in such conditions as pre-
vailing in the seven subdivisions of San-tu (not to speak of places where
conditions are even worse than in the seven subdivisions of San-tu, like
Yung-feng where the Third Army is working at present, the vicinity of Nan-feng
where the 58th Army is working, An-yuan-szu where the Fourth Army is working,
and the area bordering upon Shih-ch'eng and Ning-hua where the 12th Army is
working), there is no security for the different organizations such as public
bodies and organs of political power, and diverse benefits, such as the dis-
tribution of fields and abolition of debts. Once the Red Army is withdrawn,
the landlords will arm themselves and return, and all organizations will
collapse and all benefits will be in vain. At this time, only the organized
small guerrilla units, which have been trained by us and fought against the
local bullies and distributed their property, and which have reached the point
where they live in mortal enmity with the evil gentry and landlords, can re-
treat with the Red Army to the Red border and wait for an occasion to launch
another @ttack. These are things that can be preserved. This is the method
to be used if your work this time is not to be in vain. Let us not talk about
incidents farther back. Let us talk only about what happened after the battle
for Chang-sha. Did not the first stage of work in the P'ing-chiang--Li-ling--
Yu-hsien area, the first stage of work in the Yuan-shui valley, and the first
stage of work in the Wu-chiang valley teach us that we had not grasped the
heart of our work--organizing small guerrilla units that were diverted from
production? Was not the work of the comrades who went through untold hard-
ships to distribute fields and abolish debts, set up soviets, and organize
Red Guard units (which were not removed from production) the same as having
been done in vain? Since in your four letters you did not mention organizing
guerrilla units, I've expressed myself on the subject at length in this let-
ter. However, this is not to say that you should not have a plan to establish
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
a consolidated regime in the seven subdivisions of San-tu. The conditions
in the seven subdivisions of San-tu today are vastly different from those in
present-day Ung-feng, Nan-feng, and An-yuan-szu. There can be no doubt that
you should make plans for the establishment of a consolidated government.
You should plan to arouse the entire masses fully, destroy the armed forces
of the landlords thoroughly, organize class organizations of the masses and
class organs of political power, and carry out land distribution. But you
should reckon with such conditions as the enemy can still advance rapidly,
the Red Army must concentrate its forces, and the armed forces of the land-
lords have not yet been destroyed. If you have reckoned with these condi-
tions, then you would have realized that organization of local small guerrilla
units which are removed from production and fight local bullies is really the
central task of all your work. To make organizing guerrilla units the central
task not only will not ease your other work, on the contrary, will mesh closely
with your other work. In the past, the political departments of the various
armies and the overwhelming majority of comrades engaged in political work did
not understand this central task of organizing guerrilla units in special cir-
cumstances. What they did was work that did not fit in with the environmental
conditions. Therefore, they always expended much effort and got very little
results. For this reason, what is contained in this letter not only are in-
structions concerning the work of your units in the seven subdivisions of
San-tu, but also is something which all armies on the entire front and the
various independent divisions and local guerrilla units should likewise take
note of and absolutely do the same.
General Political Department
Director: Mao Tse-tung
Huang-po, 6 March
0Letter from Mao Tse-tung to Yuan Kuo-p'ing (mimeograph)
7682
cso: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
LETTER TO WEST FUKIEN ON THE WORK AT SHANG-HANG AND WU-PIING
9 March 1932
ffext7 West Fukien Soviet Government
Executive Committee
Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing have been occupied completely within a few days by
the 12th Army of our Red Army in coordination with the broad masses of work-
ers and peasants. Regimental bandit Chung Shao-k'uei and his forces were
routed completely and fled to Kwangtung Province. Winning this great vic-
tory at the start of expansion of the democratic revolutionary war will bear
great significance on the development and success of the soviets throughout
the country. Especially at a time that the Red Army is besieging Kan-chou,
the seizure of the two counties of Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing will not only
menace the warlords in Kwangtung, but also be of great help to the capture
of Kan-chou.
The capture of Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing counties not only will expand and
strengthen the West Fukien Soviet Area, but also will strengthen even more
firmly the link between Fukien and Kiangsi. Particularly the. capture of the
city of Shang-hang, as it is one of the bigger key cities in West Fukien and
holds an important position politically, economically, and militarily. There-
fore, the occupation of Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing is not of a temporary nature,
and they will be consolidated into a secure Red area in West Fukien and the
city of Shang-hang will be turned into a Red metropolis. This is your great
task. You must make every effort to accomplish it.
The People's Council has the following instructions concerning the work in
Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing:
1. Implement correctly the Land Law, Labor Law, and economic policy of the
All-Soviet Congress. This is a principal condition and basis for consoli-
dating the Red regime in the two counties of Shang-hang and Wu-ping. Under
this condition, arouse the broad masses of workers and coolies in the cities,
tenant farmers, poor peasants, and middle peasants in the rural areas, and
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
laboring people to take an active part in the agrarian revolutionary struggle
and in the soviet regime. They will have to gain some real benefits before
they can be made to support the soviet regime enthusiastically. You will
have to have the broad masses of workers, peasants, and other laboring people
as the base before you can consolidate the Red regime in the two counties.
2. To arouse the masses of workers in the cities, you will have to implement
practically the 8-hour work rule in the Labor Law, raise wages, set down a
minimum wage standard, improve treatment, and enforce the conclusion of col-
lective agreement and labor contract at the lowest limit. The government
must take?its stand with protecting the interests of workers and bring these
minimum benefits to fruition immediately. At the same time, it should actively
render assistance to workers in organizing unions physically and in the course
of work. However, there are several points which we must make clear here and
which we must guard against, as mistakes have frequently occurred in our work
in the past: a) Concerning the implementation of the Labor Law and the pro-
tection of workers' interests, we have seen only official announcements that
are void of content. The government has not actually put the law into effect
and has not taken any concrete steps to implement it. Whether the worker has
in fact received any benefits, the government has not made any inquiry or in-
vestigation. If the government only issues a notice and an order and then
brings the matter to a close, it is passivity so far as upholding workers'
interests is concerned; b) In safeguarding workers' interests, the govern-
ment for the most part did not check over facts and the conditions of mass
struggle. It simply used government orders to force the capitalists to
comply and did not put emphasis on arousing the masses to rise in struggle.
On the contrary, it caused misunderstanding in this way among the masses, who
for a time assumed a passive attitude toward struggle; and c) In implementing
the Labor Law, we invariably did not investigate the local economic situation
and the actual conditions and requirements of the workers' livelihood and did
not set forth properly practical measures of implementation. Instead, we
overstepped the limitations imposed by actual economic conditions in the lo-
cality and enforced the law by coercion. The result was that many capitalists
were unable to bear their responsibilities and closed their businesses, there-
by undermining the current economic policy of the soviet and affecting to a
very great extent the economy in the soviet areas. This caused a big increase
in the number of unemployed and raised doubts among many workers, who became
passive toward struggle and even went so far as to make secret compromise
with and concessions to the capitalists. In the end, it curtailed the en-
thusiasm of the workers in struggle and weakened their class consciousness.
This is very harmful. At the same time, we should oppose even more resolutely
restraining the struggle of the workers and begin passive in safeguarding
workers' interests under the pretext of propping up the economy in a soviet
area and carrying out its economic policy. In a word, the Labor law must be
put into effect under the conditions of resolutely safeguarding the workers'
benefits and not violating the economic policy of the government, and in par-
ticular, intensifying the enthusiasm of the workers in class struggle and
building up their support of the Soviet regime.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
3. As to confiscation of land and distribution of land in the rural areas,
it is imperative that the Land Law be implemented fully. The most important
thing to do is line up with a clear-cut class line and never again allow the
rich peasants to steal even for a moment the fruits of the agrarian revolu-
tion. There is a mistaken conception of land distribution in the past which
must be rectified. It is believed that at the start of an agrarian revolu-
tion it is unavoidable that rich peasants will steal land once, so it is
necessary to distribute land a second time, or a third time, before the mat-
ter is finally settled. For this reason, when people start out to distribute
land they do it carelessly. This is utterly wrong. We can only say that in
an agrarian revolution rich peasants will inevitably endeavor to steal the
benefits of the agrarian revolution and precisely because of this, we should
be even more resolute in arousing the masses to deal a heavy blow at the
attempts of rich peasants and with a clear-cut class line, not let the bene-
fits of an agrarian revolution be stolen by rich peasants. This mistake has
happened again and again in the newly developed areas of Kiangsi Province.
The main reason for this is that when land is distributed, emphasis is not
given to arousing the masses and distribution is carried out by orders instead
of by the masses. In this way, rich peasants naturally make use of the oppor-
tunity to steal. Of course, the speedy distribution of land in a newly
developed area is for the purpose of quickly mobilizing and winning over the
basic sections of the masses in the countryside so as to consolidate this
area, but to allow rich peasants to steal the benefits of land distribution,
this cannot consolidate a new area solidly. As for rapid distribution, only
by mobilizing the basic sections of the masses in the countryside to take an
active part in the land distribution struggle can distribution be carried out
rapidly and the attempts of rich peasants be dealt a crushing blow so that
the benefits of agrarian revolution will not be stolen by them. Before a new
area.can be consolidated firmly it must have as its base the broad masses of
tenant farmers, poor peasants, and middle peasants who are taking an active
part in struggle. Therefore, when land is distributed it is necessary to
hold a mass meeting and promulgate the Land Law of the Central Government in
order to mobilize the masses. The committee on land distribution should draw
many tenant farmers, poor peasants, and middle peasants as well, into taking
part in its affairs. All members of the committee must be elected by the
masses. The composition of members of the land committee must be announced
and investigated at a mass meeting. Decisions made at every land distribution
must be reported to the masses in a rally and only after the mass meeting con-
curs in these decisions will actual distribution be carried out. The most im-
portant thing is that when the Land Law is promulgated and the land distribution
committee members are elected, it must be announced specifically that rich pea-
sants can only share run-down fields and that they cannot join the land com-
mittee so as to draw the attention of the masses to them and bring about a
struggle to deal a blow to their attempts and eject them or prevent them from
sneaking into the land committee and usurping the authority to distribute
land. In the past, when land was distributed in new areas, it was done en-
tirely through the Red Army. Most of the time, the Soviet governments did
not send anyone to give guidance and in the worst cases, just ignored the
whole thing and let the Red Army bear the responsibility alone. In this way,
on the one hand, it hindered the Red Army from performing its other duties.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
At the same time, because of its other duties, the Red Army could not con-
centrate on distributing land. Naturally, carelessness in distribution set
in. Without question, formalism was very serious in the past within the
Red Army in the distribution of land. But the local governments had to
bear the main blame for this state of affairs, because they had relinquished
their responsibilities and not exercised their leadership in the matter.
This time, when land is confiscated and distributed in the two counties of
Shang-hang and Wu-ping, the West Fukien Government must exercise positive
leadership and perform the task correctly according to the above instructions
and your own experiences gained in past land distributions.
4. You should pay serious attention to the question of middle peasants. In
the past, instances of exclusion of middle peasants and assault on them under
the pretext of carrying out attacks on rich peasants have occurred in many
places. This is nothing short of undermining the coalition with middle pea-
sants and inflicting the greatest harm on the future of the consolidation of
the Soviet regime and the success of the revolution. In your work in Shang-hang
and Wu-p'ing this time you absolutely must not recycle those mistakes of the
past. Firstly, on the land question, in carrying out equal distribution, you
absolutely must abide by the principle governing middle peasants outlined in
Article 5 of the Land Law (...this can be carried out only with concurrence and
direct support of the basic sections of the peasant masses. If the majority
of middle peasants do not concur, they may not take part in equal distribution)
and implement it correctly. Secondly, in the matter of fund raising, you ab-
solutely should not harass middle peasants. In newly developed areas it is
the easiest to start trouble over fund raising. Funds that we intend to raise
should not come from middle peasants. Thirdly,, you must actively draw activ-
ists among the middle peasants into taking part in land distribution and par-
ticularly in the regime, and strictly prevent the occurrence of such phenomena
as excluding middle peasants from participating in elections and in the regime.
In a word, strengthening of the coalition with middle peasants is one of the
principal bases for success of the agrarian revolution and the Soviet regime.
You must absolutely oppose encroaching upon middle peasants and even go so
far as to make concessions to them to a certain degree (like letting them
take part in equal distribution of land).
5. In your work in the cities of Shang-hang and Wu-ping, apart from the
question of workers and performing your duties in the light of the many fun-
damental rules and measures contained in the letter from the General Political
Department on the work at Kan-thou, you must:
Firstly, act correctly in accordance with the economic policy laid down at
the National Soviet Congress and the tariff, investment regulations, and loan
regulations promulgated by the Provisional Central Government, and apply the
experiences gained at T'ing-chou in this work. Also render the above docu-
ments into notices for publication;
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Secondly, make every effort to prop up commerce and do not disrupt it by
fund raising. As to fund raising, the targets should be graded and money
should not be collected from small capitalists and a portion of the middle
capitalists. All shops operated by reactionary headmen should be confiscated
and the crimes of these headmen and the reasons for confiscation of their
property should be published in detail. Such proclamations should deal pri-
marily with confiscation of the property of reactionaries and not with con-
fiscation of the stores so as to expose any attempt of the reactionaries to
spread rumors;
Thirdly, declare formally as confiscated all premises of reactionary organs
and make them the property of the Soviet government for distribution to
various government organs and mass organizations for use. There need not
occur such anarchical acts of various organs and organizations occupying
these premises at will. The houses and property of reactionaries should all
be declared confiscated by the government. A number of the houses confiscated
may be distributed to workers to be used as dormitories and a number leased
at reduced rent to poor people as residential quarters. Aside from cash
which goes to the government, part of the confiscated property may be used
to aid the Red Army and the masses in disaster areas, and the remainder dis-
tributed as much as possible among poverty-stricken people in the cities.
You should oppose any move to transfer all things confiscated to the old
soviet areas and not to distribute them among the local populace. You should
oppose even more firmly such anarchical manifestations as various government
organs and mass organizations going their own way to confiscate and dispose
of the property of the reactionaries;
Fourthly, preserve absolutely such things as schools and culture. At the
worst, send people around to supervise their safekeeping and prohibit van-
dalism; and
Fifthly, compel shops in Shang-hang to convert immediately the small notes
and paper money they have issued into cash and withdraw them for destruction.
In case of necessity, the government should send people around to exercise
supervision. Henceforth, all shops should be prohibited from issuing paper
money. You should pay attention to the cash money in circulation so as to
prevent reactionaries and merchants from smuggling it out in quantity, there-
by affecting the economy in the soviet area.
6. Fund raising should be centralized and concentrated in one organ to be
set up by representatives from the West Fukien Government and the Political
Department of the 12th Army. The different organizations and organs should
be strictly prohibited from dealing blows to local tyrants. Set up a unified
base for finance. Of the money collected, the greater part should be used
to help the Red Army in expanding the revolutionary war. Strictly prohibit
all waste and extravagance on account of a wider source of income. If waste
does occur, harsh punishment should be meted out.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
7. The work of suppressing counterrevolutionaries must be carried out cor-
rectly in accordance with Directive No 6 of the Central Government governing
the establishment of committees for the suppression of counterrevolutionaries
and all fundamental rules concerning the suppression of counterrevolution.
You should be prepared to set up a judicial department and a political
security bureau to maintain revolutionary order and carry out judicial work
relative to the economy.
8. The setting up of a provisional regime is very important. Immediately
upon its establishment, the revolutionary committee will put into effect all
the decrees of the National Soviet Congress and the Central Government so as
to carry out the agrarian revolution and the political platform, suppress
the activities of counterrevolutionaries, mobilize the broad masses of work-
ers and peasants, and set up a formal regime. These are the main tasks of
a revolutionary committee. Every revolutionary committee must be elected at
a mass rally. The West Fukien Government should make every effort to lead
and direct the work of the revolutionary committees in various places. It
should be resolved by the West Fukien Government that Shang-hang become a
municipal soviet directly under its authority. When the work of land confis-
cation and distribution and suppression of counterrevolutionaries has been
carried out to a certain extent, you should energetically proceed with work
for the establishment of a formal regime. First and foremost, the urban and
rural soviets should accomplish the aim of setting up a genuine representative
system so as to lay a strong foundation for the soviet organization in the
two counties of Shang-.hang and Wu-ping. The establishment of all formal
regimes must be completely in accordance with the regulations and directives
promulgated by the Central Government. Revolutionary committees must become
organs to lead mass struggle, guard against the development of formalism, and
prevent rich peasants and reactionaries from sneaking in.
9. The creation of regional armed forces must be carried out according to
plan. You should discuss with the military district headquarters about the
methods in doing it so as to build up the military might of the masses to
defend the soviet area of Shang-hang and Wu-ping.
10. As to areas newly developed by the Red Army, the West Fukien Government
has heretofore relied upon the Red Army to carry on the work there, while it
itself does not exercise active leadership or make any effort to build up
and consolidate the areas. For example: Lien-ch'eng and Ning-hua have been
occupied by the 12th Army for a long time. The West Fukien Government has
not paid any heed to exercising leadership there, with the result that the
newly developed areas cannot be consolidated. In the worst case, as soon as
the Red Army leaves a place, reactionaries will reoccupy it and the place is
lost to us. This is an extremely serious mistake. In the work at Shang-hang
and Wu-ping, we absolutely cannot permit past mistakes to be perpetuated.
You should muster and mobilize a large number of working personnel in the old
soviet areas to go and work in the two counties, and responsible comrades of
the West Fukien Government should go in person to Shang-hang to direct all
kinds of work there. Now you must consolidate Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing with
all strength. This is a most practical and most important task at present.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
No other work is as important as this one. Therefore, we have decided that
in order to consolidate Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing, the Fukien Congress of
Representatives of Peasants be postponed. We hope that you will immediately
notify the different levels of government of this postponement and take
advantage of it to step up lower-level elections and remolding work.
In order to strengthen the work at Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing, the working com-
rades previously sent by the West Fukien Government to the Central Government
for training can be sent back to you right away for reassignment to Shang-hang
and Wu-p'ing to help in the work there.
Comrades! The consolidation of Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing is your most central
task at the present time. You should accomplish this task with all strength
and turn the two counties of Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing into the most secure
soviet territory and the city of Shang-hang into a Red metropolis.
Lastly, we hope that you will reproduce this letter for distribution to the
Political Department of the 12th Army and working comrades at Shang-hang and
Wu-p'ing.
Please report to the Central Government at any time on recent conditions in
Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing and on the work there from now on.
People's Council
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairman: Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-tao
o"Red China," No 13, 9 March 1932
7682
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
DIRECTIVE FROM PROVISIONAL CENTRAL GOVERNMENT TO FIRST WORKER-PEASANT-SOLDIER
SOVIET CONGRESS IN FUKIEN PROVINCE
March 1932
[Tex-t Comrade representatives to the First Worker-Peasant-Soldier Soviet
Congress
Your All-Fukien Soviet Congress was inaugurated on the first most glorious
anniversary of the world proletarian revolution--the anniversary of the
Paris Commune. At a time when the situation of the Chinese revolution has
developed to a very crucial moment all over the world, and particularly in
the midst of expanding the revolutionary war at present, the 12th Army of
the Red Army scored a great victory in successively capturing Shang-hang
and Wu-ping, the holding of your congress is of great significance. At the
same time, it demonstrates that the revolutionary task being shouldered by
your congress this time is the greatest in history. Apart from sending re-
presentatives to attend your congress and help in guiding its work, the
Central Executive Committee specially sends you this written directive.
1. Both in the world and in China, the current revolutionary situation has
entered a most critical new period. This tense new situation is being
symbolized by the consolidation and flourishing of Soviet Socialism, sudden
decline of world capitalism, contradictions between the two systems of
Socialism and capitalism reaching an extremely acute degree, and stepping
up of attempts by imperialism to attack the Soviet Union. The tension
symbolized by the inner contradictions of imperialism has deepened the crisis
of outbreak of imperialist war. Simultaneously, the crisis of world revolu-
tion has gradually ripened with each passing day. Owing to the sharp devel-
opment of these crises, it suddenly happened in September last year that
Japanese imperialism employed force to occupy first China's three Northeast
Provinces and then Shanghai. This was not only a crisis symbolized by
Japanese imperialism partitioning China and suppressing the Chinese revolu-
tion in order to save itself, but also an outbreak of the acute contradictions
of imperialism striving to partition China and redivide the world. Hence,
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
since the outbreak of this incident the conflict between Japan and the United
States in particular has become extremely tense. All imperialist countries
have mobilized and made other preparations for war. With all this saber
rattling, the situation has developed to an explosive point. Nevertheless,
the imperialists have not forgotten about attacking the Soviet Union. There-
fore, they are attempting to turn this war at any time into a war against the
Soviet Union.
In China, since their defeat in the third offensive against the revolution,
the reactionary Kuomintang and its government have been symbolized by diver-
gence and disintegration and the daily deepening collapse of their reaction-
ary rule. After the outbreak of the incident of the Northeast Provinces,
they have become increasingly more brazen in betraying China, taking the
place of the imperialists in trampling on the anti-imperialist movement.
The rule of the reactionary Kuomintang throughout the country has become
even more bankrupt and the authority of this reactionary rule has been
crushed to almost nothing in the revolutionary struggles of the masses. To-
day, after selling the Northeast Provinces, the Kuomintang and its government
continue to sell Shanghai. Recently they have been trying to provoke a war
among the imperialists and prompt them to settle without delay the question
of the partition of China so as to sell the whole of China and sacrifice
countless workers, peasants, and other toiling people under the planes and
artillery shells of the imperialists in a war. Nobody knows how many people
in the Northeast Provinces and Shanghai have sacrificed their lives under
the places and guns of Japanese imperialism, but the Kuomintang and its
government have fled toward Loyang preparatory to turning over the coastal
area along the Yangtze River to the imperialists to be used as a battleground.
The Kuomintang warlords still hang on to the coattails of various imperialist
countries, however. When the great war breaks out, there can be no doubt
that they will become the tools of the imperialists to contest for China and
massacre the masses. At the same time, even if under the circumstances the
Kuomintang and its government should become bankrupt, it is certain that they
will be sent to their graves by a worker-peasant revolution.
In the national revolutionary movement, since the great victory of the third
revolutionary war and the establishment of the Provisional Central Government
of the Chinese Soviet Republic, the soviets and the Red Army in various
places have continued to gain great victories and progress. The high tide
of anti-imperialism all over the country came about as a result of the inva-
sion of China and massacre of the Chinese people by Japanese imperialism,
but it has surged like roaring waves under the bold-faced attempt of the
Kuomintang to betray China. At present, this anti-imperialist movement has
developed to the point where the masses in many places armed themselves
voluntarily and fought against Japanese imperialism directly, Party head-
quarters and government organs of the Kucmintang were demolished, and down-
with-the-Kuomintang slogans were shouted openly. Especially in Shanghai
recently, soldiers of the White army stood up voluntarily and acting con-
trary to Kuomintang orders, resisted the Japanese army directly at the front.
The development of the workers' struggle throughout the country will gradually
secure for us the leadership of the anti-imperialist movement. The sudden
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
revolutionization of soldiers of the White army means that not only in the
midst of the anti-imperialist movement they will fight against Japan vol-
untarily, but also they will mutiny and stage uprisings and enter the Red
Army. All this shows that the Chinese revolutionary movement and the anti-
imperialist national revolutionary movement in particular are forging ahead.
Prospects are that they will inevitably converge under the Soviet banner
and in a national revolutionary war, will drive out imperialism, overthrow
the Kuomintang rule, and strive for victory of the Soviet all over the
country.
2. This is a new period in history, a time for revolution and war. Hence,
our task is to develop the revolutionary war actively. We will lead the
Chinese national revolutionary struggle with the revolutionary war, oppose
the invasion of China and massacre of the Chinese people by Japanese impe-
rialism with a national revolutionary war, destroy the reactionary Kuomintang
rule with the revolutionary war, and stamp out an imperialist world war with
a national revolutionary war. This is a most critical time in the develop-
ment of the revolution, a time most favorable to the development of the
Soviet revolution. Just as we began to expand the revolutionary war on a
large scale, we have scored great new victories and made considerable pro-
gress. Our specific task for the time being is to keep up these victories
by working even harder to mobilize tens of millions of workers, peasants,
and other people to participate in the revolutionary war and proceed with
the expansion of this war on a large scale to contest for major cities in
neighboring areas and strive for a Soviet victory first in one province and
then in several provinces. This is also the most important central task to
be shouldered by your congress this time.
3. In order to carry out this task, all the work at your congress will
center around the expansion of the revolutionary war. First of all, you
should discuss all kinds of specific policies concerning the realistic
mobilization of the masses. This work of mobilization is primarily to pro-
mote struggle and plunge into the heat of struggle. To heighten the enthu-
siasm of the masses of workers and peasants in struggle, it is necessary
to enforce effectively the Labor Law and Land Law. The congress must set
up a formula in a very specific form for implementation of the Labor Law
and Land Law. Only through actual contacts in struggle can we arouse the
hundreds of thousands of workers, peasants, and other people of Fukien
Province to join enthusiastically in the revolutionary war.
+. To develop the revolutionary war, it is necessary to expand and strengthen
the Red Army. This is the main strength to develop the revolutionary war.
The congress must discuss in a very concrete way practical measures for carry-
ing out the expansion of the Red Army and implementation of the preferential
treatment of the Red Army. It must repudiate the previous local concept in
West Fukien of expanding only the regional armed forces and not caring about
expanding the Red Army, because this is very harmful to strengthening the
force to carry out the revolutionary war and developing the actual tasks of
revolutionary war.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
5. To develop the revolutionary war and strive for a Soviet victory first
in Kiangsi Province, it is necessary to adopt an offensive strategy aimed
at expanding outward actively. This offensive strategy is by no means
adventurism in that it entails no venturesome advance and no abandonment
of the consolidation of bases. On the contrary, it is to consolidate our
successes and forge ahead. The congress must also set the direction of ex-
pansion. Essentially it will be northward. This will coordinate with the
over-all expansion plan of the Central Government to strive actually for
Kiangsi and several of its neighboring provinces as an initial victory. But
in other respects, it is likewise necessary to expand the Soviet area out-
ward. And to accomplish the task of expanding northward, the most central
task at present is to consolidate Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing. The congress
must discuss concrete measures to mobilize a great number of cadres and
carry out the work that should be done as pointed out in the letter from
the Central Government to the West Fukien Government. The consolidation of
Shang-hang and Wu-p'ing will not only cement the link between Kwangtu ng and
Kiangsi Provinces, but also strengthen the force and consolidate the founda-
tion for expanding outward and carrying on the revolutionary war. We must
be firmly against a venturesome advance that does not seek consolidation of
the bases. Similarly, conservatism that seeks only consolidation and not
outward expansion is extremely detrimental to the current task of carrying
on, the revolutionary war to expand outward on a large scale. The congress
should struggle resolutely against any such tendency.
6. To strengthen the force for expanding the revolutionary war, it is neces-
sary to consolidate the economic strength for expanding the revolutionary
war. The congress must discuss in detail a formula for developing the economy
in the Soviet area and increasing the rate of production and concrete measures
for implementing the economic policy. As. to the fiscal question, the congress
should draw up very specific measures to unify finance in accordance with the
financial regulations promulgated by the Central Government. The question as
to how to practice frugality in expenditures in order to help expand the re-
volutionary war should be discussed even more realistically. The congress
should resolutely oppose serious manifestations of willful extravagance at
the different levels of government in the past and set forth measures of
punishment for such acts in the future.
7. To strengthen the force of expansion in the revolutionary war, it is neces-
sary to strengthen the organization and training of the regional armed forces
and enhance their practical role in the revolutionary war. In the past, al-
though the regional armed forces of West Fukien were unsound, they absolutely
were not like what people generally say, that "the West Fukien regional armed
forces are useless" or "the people of West Fukien cannot fight." Such mis-
taken concepts must be firmly opposed by the congress. The regional armed
forces and the masses of workers and peasants of West Fukien not only have
engaged in prolonged struggle against the enemy, but also have created an
extensive Soviet area. They possess great strength for waging revolutionary
struggle. The main reason why earlier regional armed forces were not strong
was that the line was mistaken. During the period of adventurism West Fukien
suffered a great defeat. Later, in the first, second, and third revolutionary
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
wars, it committed errors of conservatism militarily and did not know how
to apply guerrilla warfare tactics. Sometimes it did not correctly estimate
the balance of enemy strength and adopted the method of stubborn attack (as
in the several offensives against K'an-shih and Hu-lei), with the result
that partial military losses were sustained, the morale of the troops was
lowered, and fighting power was depleted. At the same time, inattention to
leadership and to the military and political training of the regional armed
forces was also an important reason. The congress must meticulously discuss
measures to reorganize the regional armed forces and strengthen political
and military work and put guerrilla warfare tactics to use, so as to enhance
the role of the regional armed forces in the revolutionary war.
8. To strengthen the leadership for expanding the revolutionary war, it is
necessary to set up a strong and capable Soviet government at different
levels. The congress should realistically discuss measures to establish
soviets in accordance with the regulations and resolutions promulgated by
the Central Government. Here, we wish especially to draw your attention to
the establishment of a Soviet representative system in the cities and country-
side. This system is the basis of the Soviet organization and the most
powerful basic organization in a Soviet to lead the masses and mobilize
the masses. The congress must oppose earlier manifestations of Soviet for-
malism and disengagement from the masses. These are all tasks for setting
up a strong and capable Soviet. In case there are serious obstructions,
the congress must draw up concrete measures to carry out inspection of work
at the different levels of the Soviet.
9. In the past several years the West Fukien Soviet has achieved great suc-
cess and victories in engaging the enemy in a great struggle, carrying out
resolutely the tasks of agrarian revolution, creating an extensive soviet
area, and implementing the land program of the government. At the same time,
it has also committed many mistakes and displayed many shortcomings. The
congress must make a review of its past work. Only in this way can valuable
experiences in earlier struggles be summed up and all mistakes and short-
comings be rectified.
10. In the past, through errors of the adventurist line, West Fukien suf-
fered plenty of defeats. Later, it turned around from the adventurist line.
This was immediately followed by the first, second, and third offensive of
the enemy, and because West Fukien committed mistakes in military tactics,
many regions were sacked and a part of the soviet area was occupied by the
enemy and still has not been recovered. In addition, due to errors in leader-
ship of the regional armed forces, some border regions were ravaged by
brigands. Nevertheless, due to an incorrect understanding of the causes of
these phenomena and as a result of past mistakes in lines for work, a great
number of working personnel of the Soviet have even overlooked the current
favorable situation in the development of the revolution and have taken a
pessimistic view and developed a feeling of despair. This is a very serious
mistake. We must understand that the current revolutionary situation is
extremely favorable to the development of the revolution. At the same time
when we are leading the masses in expanding the revolutionary war outward,
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
these sentiments are extremely harmful and we should not allow them to exist
and grow. The congress must struggle mercilessly against such sentiments.
Here, the need is even greater for the congress to carry out a transformation
of work strictly in accordance with the lines for work prescribed by the
National Soviet Congress and the Central Government. It is certain that the
work in the entire province of Funkien will have rapid development and bring
even greater progress and success to the Fukien Soviet Area.
The above instructions are provided for your discussion of all problems in
the congress. The Central Executive Committee holds a firm belief that this
congress will certainly meet with complete success in the end and accomplish
the critical tasks of the revolution at the present time. Lastly, we hail:
Long live the success of the First Worker-Peasant-Soldier Soviet Congress in
Fukien Province'.
Long live the victory of the Soviet!
Long live the Chinese Soviet Republic!
Central Executive Committee
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairmen: Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-tao
?"Red China," No 15, 23 March 1932
7682
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ORDER OF THE PROVISIONAL CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ON MOBILIZATION AND DECLARATION
OF WAR AGAINST JAPAN
15 April 1932
1T-ex-t7 Since the invasion of China's three northeast provinces and the
attack against Shanghai by Japanese imperialism, the Soviet Central Govern-
ment in its communiques has repeatedly pointed out that Japanese imperialism
aims at the complete colonization of the three northeast provinces, that the
Shanghai incident will become a concrete manifestation of the partition of
China by the imperialist gangsters, and that the Kuomintang government and
its warlords of different factions will even more brazenly capitulate to the
imperialists, betray China, and suppress the anti-Japanese and anti-imperialist
movement of the Chinese people nation-wide, and will absolutely not make any
anti-Japanese move that really seeks national independence and liberation.
Present developments of the situation prove completely that the appraisal of
the Soviet Central Government is correct. A Manchurian puppet government has
been set up in the northeast provinces. This is the most faithful and
obidient running dog of Japanese imperialism. The peace negotiations being
held in Shanghai and the League of Nations investigation mission are nothing
but a spoils conference and a spoils setup for the imperialist gangsters to
carry out the partition of Shanghai and China. Certain Kuomintang warlords,
who had been compelled to assume an appearance of being anti-Japanese due to
the bravery of those soldiers who fought against the Japanese voluntarily,
have now shown their true colors. Ma Chan-shan has become war minister in
the Manchurian government, and warlords Chiang and Tsai have participated in
the peace negotiations of the imperialists to partition Shanghai. The
Kuomintang government stands ready at any time to accept the order of the
League of Nations to carve up the Chinese nation. Its propaganda about so-
called "protracted resistance" is meant to deceive the anti-Japanese people
throughout the country on the one hand, and on the other hand, to seek aid
from another bloc of imperialist countries (American imperialism in particu-
lar) and provoke a world war so that the imperialist gangsters may resolve
the question of the partition of China in that war. In the past several
months, the Kuomintang government and its warlords of different factions,
adhering to the will of the imperialists, have made the greatest efforts to
dissolve anti-Japanese organizations all over the country, suppress anti-
Japanese strikes, massacre anti-Japanese and anti-imperialist masses, shoot
down with machineguns the brave soldiers who had resisted the Japanese
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
voluntarily, and prohibit the activities of the people's volunteers. In
particular, they have employed the greatest military force to deal with their
offensive against the soviet area and the Red Army. All this shows that the
Kuomintang government and its warlords of different factions are entirely
tools of imperialism to suppress directly the Chinese national revolutionary
movement. They not only will never wage a national revolutionary war against
Japanese imperialism, but also will become the ultimate obstacle to the pro-
secution of a national revolutionary war'.
Only the toiling masses, the workers and peasants, all over the country
represent a genuine anti-imperialist force. Only the Soviet and the Red
Army can really conduct a national revolutionary war against Japanese impe-
rialism. Today, being trampled under the iron heels of Japanese imperialism,
the oppressed Chinese people are unwilling to accept the insults of the
Kuomintang, and in high indignation, have risen to engage in revolutionary
struggle against Japan and the Kuomintang. With the aim of leading the toil-
ing masses, the workers and peasants, all over the country in carrying through
the revolutionary task of driving Japanese imperialism out of China, the
Soviet Provisional Central Government hereby formally declares war against
Japan. The Soviet Provisional Central Government, wishes to point out to the
oppressed people throughout the country that the soviet area has long since
extricated itself from the fetters of imperialism, but the Kuomintang war-
lords, under the leadership and direction of imperialism, will on no account
ease up their offensive against the soviet area and the Red Army. Had not
for the offensive of the Kuomintang warlords, the toiling masses, the work-
ers and peasants, and the Red Army would have long stood on the side of the
courageous soldiers and volunteers fighting against the Japanese directly.
Therefore, the Soviet Provisional Central Government is at present leading
the Chinese Workers and Peasants' Red Army and the broad masses of workers,
peasants, and other toiling people of the soviet area in actively carrying
out a revolutionary war to seize major cities beyond the border of the soviet
area and destroy the Kuomintang rule. Precisely, the realistic prosecution
of a national revolutionary war is an indispensable prerequisite to a direct
war against Japan. The Soviet Central Government calls on workers, peasants,
soldiers, and all other toiling people throughout the country to arise and
take an active part in carrying out the revolutionary war under the Soviet
red banner. Those people in areas under White rule should voluntarily arm
themselves, organize people's anti-Japanese volunteers, seize the arms of
the Kuomintang, landlords, and bourgeoisie, and fight against Japan directly,
setting up revolutionary military committees to direct this latter move.
Soldiers of the White Army should rise in revolt, overthrow their reactionary
officers, do battle against Japan voluntarily, organize workers and peasants'
red armies to overthrow the Kuomintang rule all over the country, and establish
a Soviet regime of the people throughout China. In this way, they will drive
Japanese imperialism out of China with a national revolutionary war, opposing
the partition of China by the imperialists, and striving for the independence
and liberation of the Chinese nation.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Hence, apart from making public through a circular telegram this advocacy of
declaration of war against Japan and an action program, the Soviet Provisional
Central Government issues the following instructions to the Workers and
Peasants' Red Army all over the country and the Soviet Government at various
levels throughout the Soviet areas:
1. The Central Revolutionary Military Council, military committees in va-
rious Soviet areas, military district headquarters in various places, and
Red Guard units (i.e., military affairs departments) in various counties
should carry out mobilization of all Red warriors for the declaration of war
against Japan so as to make every Red warrior understand that active expansion
of the revolutionary war, annihilation of the forces of Kuomintang warlords
attacking the Soviet areas, seizure of major cities beyond the border of the
Soviet areas, and overthrow of the Kuomintang rule are precisely the indispens-
able prerequisite to the waging of a national revolutionary war against Japan.
The more the civil revolutionary war is expanded, the more disintegrated the
Kuomintang warlords will become, and the closer the occasion approaches of
direct war against Japan. So the Red warriors throughout the Soviet Area
should be ready for the arrival of national revolutionary war on an even
larger scale. Mobilization for the declaration of war against Japan should
absolutely not wait for direct war with Japanese imperialism to begin before
being carried out. Moreover, the courageous soldiers and people's volunteers
in coastal areas under White rule have long refused to place themselves under
the command of Kuomintang warlords and have fought against the Japanese
voluntarily. They are in urgent need of guidance and assistance from the
Soviet Area and the Red Army. Therefore, mobilization for the declaration
of war against Japan and active outward expansion of the revolutionary war
absolutely cannot be split apart. Mobilization for the expansion of the
revolutionary war should be considered as a blow to Japanese imperialism and
as stout support of the anti-Japanese masses and brave soldiers in the White
areas. Military mobilization should be carried out to the extent that every
Red warrior cannot leave his unit unless she is wounded or sick, those who
desert will be subjected to punishment and public ridicule, regional armed
forces will observe the same discipline as the Red Army, Red Guard units
that are not diverted from production will step up military training,
military affairs committees will proclaim and enforce Red martial law
throughout the Soviet areas, production in arsenals will be increased, grain
stations and transportation stations will be set up along all major communica-
tion lines, a portion of the spiked millet crop will be stored up in prepara-
tion for a rice shortage, expenditures will be kept down in preparation for
a protracted war, precautionary fortifications facing outward will be built
along the borders of newly developed regions, and armed units for fund raising
will stand ready to move (a major portion of the taxes to be collected by the
government will naturally be furnished to the Red Army so as to enable this
main military force to continue performing its fighting task). Moreover,
guerrilla units will be organized in great numbers to expand outward along
the border of the Soviet Area, because they may be able to lead the people
in places close to major cities or within the imperialist sphere of influence
in organizing anti-Japanese volunteers to conduct guerrilla action.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
2. The General Political Department of the Workers and Peasants' Red Army
and political departments at different levels of the Red Army should carry
out political mobilization within the Red Army and regional armed forces.
They should conduct extensive propaganda on the declaration of war against
Japan among the Red warriors and bring to light on a regular basis in HUNG-
HSING PAO fTed Star Journal and other Red Army publications such facts as
the invasion and partition of China by Japan and other imperialist countries,
and their massacre and oppression of the Chinese people, and the betrayal
of China and insulting of the Chinese nation by the Kuomintang, so as to
stimulate the enthusiasm and courage of the entire Red warriors in the
declaration of war against Japan and heighten their determination to expand
the revolutionary war outward and liquidate the Kuomintang warlords and
their rule. Furthermore, they should compile and print all sorts of pam-
phlets and pictorials, raise slogans of propaganda and provocation having
a bearing on practical actions at the present time. Above all others, they
should pay attention to the political work of the Red Army in newly developed
regions, and particularly those places close to major cities.
3. When the Workers and Peasants' Red Army progresses toward the sphere of
influence of Japanese imperialism, the combat task of the Red Army will be
to annihilate the Kuomintang forces which are in league with the imperialists.
If we let go those Kuomintang forces which are attacking the Red Army without
wiping them out, we will be giving them a very good opportunity to exterminate
the Red Army in coordination with imperialist forces. This is a step that
will bring confusion to the anti-Japanese national. revolutionary war and not
really drive Japanese imperialism out of China. When Red guerri lla armies in
their outward expansion approach the Japanese imperialist sphere of influence,
they should lead the people in organizing anti-Japanese volunteers, arming
themselves voluntarily, conducting guerrilla action, and fighting against
Japan directly. They also should draw soldiers of the White army into fight-
ing against Japan voluntarily and together with them, and organize revolution-
ary military councils to direct this action so as to divide and overthrow
the control of the Kuomintang warlords.
4. The different levels of the Soviet government in the various soviet areas
should immediately conduct a mass mobilization for the declaration of war
against Japan. In the first place, they should step up mobilizing the toil-
ing masses, the workers and peasants, to join the Red Army voluntarily, ex-
pand the revolutionary war outward, and be ready to fight against Japanese
imperialism directly. They should mobilize the entire toiling masses to
undertake voluntarily rear echelon services in the revolutionary war, first
by joining the Red Guard and Young Pioneers, which are not diverted from
production. They should cause the toiling masses throughout the Soviet areas,
whether male or female, to clamor enthusistically for military training in
order to prepare themselves for war agains' Japan. They should strive to
mobilize the people to perform the work of consolidating the bases of the
Soviet areas, step up enforcing Red martial law and regional self-defense,
save on expenses and food to help the Red Army, and store up public grain to
supply to the Red Army. They should mobilize the masses to redouble their
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
efforts in farming so as to have a bumper harvest this year, consolidate the
Red postal service, and make a sustained effort to repair bridges and roads
so as to strengthen communication in the Soviet areas. They should imme-
diately levy a progressive tax on commerce and be prepared to collect a land
tax so as to increase the revenues of the government. They should mobilize
the toiling masses, the workers and peasants, to raise the production of sup-
plies for the Red Army (such as clothing, bedding, shoes, headgear, and
ordinance), organize stretcher bearer teams, transport teams, laundry teams,
and comforting teams to assist the Red Army in battle, follow the regulations
governing the preferential treatment of the Red Army, help family dependents
of the Red Army in tilling the fields, and cultivate the public fields of the
Red Army.
5. This order is issued all the way down to the subordinate-level units of
the Workers and Peasants' Red Army and regional armed forces and to all
Soviets in the cities and countryside. They should draw up their respective
mobilization plans in accordance with this order. The Central Revolutionary
Military Council all the more should make public its own plan of mobilization.
Central Executive Committee
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairmen: Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-tao
?"Red China," No 18, 12 April 1932
*"Hung Ch'i Chou-pao," No 50, September 1932
*"Soviet China," Soviet Research Institute, China Bookstore (Shanghai)
November 1932
*"Soviet China," Soviet Russia Foreign Workers Publishing House (Moscow)
1933
7682
CsO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
CIRCULAR TELEGRAM AGAINST THE KUOMINTANG SIGNING AN AGREEMENT TO SELL
WOOSUNG-SHANGHAI
9 May 1932
Jex7 The capitulation of the counterrevolutionary Kuomintang government
before imperialism and its betrayal of the national interests are being
carried on even more unabashedly and openly. On 5 May, the Kuomintang
government signed a so-called cease-fire agreement with Japan and all other
imperialist countries. This agreement is the outright selling of Shanghai,
center of the proletariat of China. In the agreement, Japan is allowed to
amass great numbers of its naval, army, and air forces in Shanghai on a
long-term basis, while Chinese troops can never be stationed in the sur-
rounding areas of Shanghai. In actual fact, this is an unlimited expansion
of the area of Shanghai's International Settlement and a concrete step to
bring about the conversion of Shanghai into a free city under international
control.
This kind of shameless capitulation and overt act of betrayal show up even
more clearly the Kuomintang government as traitors in the partition of China
by imperialist countries and as "trail blazers" in the invasion of China by
the imperialists. And yet, at the same time, the Kuomintang government,
under the direction of the imperialists, has concentrated all its strength
to attack the Soviet Area, which has long gained liberation and extricated
itself from the fetters of the imperialists, and try preventing the Workers
and Peasants' Red Army from carrying on its anti-imperialist national re-
volutionary war. In the course of the Shanghai negotiations and signing of
the agreement, it has been exposed even more thoroughly that the League of
Nations is the organizer of the partition of China and that all imperialist
countries alike are cooperators of Japanese imperialism and proponents of
the partition of China.
The Soviet Provisional Central Government hereby proclaims before the.toil-
ing masses of China that as representative of the toiling masses all over
the country: it renounces the negotiations and secret agreements entered
into by the counterrevolutionary Kuomintang government with Japan and all
other imperialist countries and the May 5th cease-fire agreement signed by
the traitorous Kuomintang government; it calls upon the toiling masses
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
throughout the country to rise resolutely to wage a revolutionary national
war against Japanese imperialism and all other imperialist countries, and
oppose the running dogs and "trail blazers" of the imperialists--the
Kuomintang government--in order to maintain China's territorial integrity
and seek the complete independence and liberation of China.
The Soviet Provisional Central Government calls upon the toiling masses all
over the country to rise in struggle, arm themselves, and support the vic-
torious assaults of the Chinese Workers and Peasants' Red Army to overthrow
the counterrevolutionary government of the Kuomintang, and under the Soviet
banner, carry out resolutely and thoroughly a national revolutionary war.
Struggle for the liberation and independence of the Chinese nation! Struggle
for a free and independent Soviet China!
Provisional Central Government of
the Chinese Soviet Republic
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairmen: Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-tao
Jui-chin, Kiangsi
9May 1932
o"Soviet China," Soviet Research Institute, China Bookstore (Shanghai),
November 1932
*"Soviet China," Soviet Foreign Workers Publishing House (Moscow), 1933
7682
cso: 4+005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
TELEGRAM FROM THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT TO THE HUNAN-KIANGSI PROVINCIAL WORKER-
PEASANT-SOLDIER CONGRESS
9 June 1932
[Tex7 Hunan-Kiangsi Provincial Soviet for transmittal to the Provincial
Worker-Peasant-Soldier Congress
Comrade Representatives!
Due to transportation problems, the Soviet Provisional Central Government
could not send representatives to attend your congress. It can only send
you a brief directive telegram.
1. Today, at a time when imperialist countries are frantically carrying on
a war against the Soviet Union and the partition of China, and the revolu-
tion in China is making progress, as evidenced in particular by the several
unprecedented victories of the Soviet Red Army, the imperialist countries
have turned from secret intervention to direct armed suppression of the
Chinese revolution.
2. The rule of the Kuomintang is disintegrating. But to continue betraying
China and act as "trail blazers" for the imperialists, and save itself from
demise, it is conducting new frenzied attacks on Soviet areas and the Red
Army all over the country. Now the time has arrived for revolution and
counterrevolution to engage in a struggle to the death, now the stage has
been reached for the civil war in China to turn into an all-out war against
imperialism.
3. The balance of class strength has been altered and is now even more
favorable to the development of Soviet revolution. At present, the Soviets
are adopting a positive course of liquidating the offensive of the imperial-
ists and Kuomintang with a series of revolutionary attacks. It is to
mobilize and arm the masses to the maximuni and implement completely the
Central Government's mobilization order on the occasion of the declaration
of war against Japan to win an initial victory by capturing Kiangsi and its
neighboring provinces.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
4. Your congress should carry on all its work under this task, set an even
more concrete course of action to mobilize and prepare the masses to join
Red fighters in the struggle against imperialism and to overthrow the
Kuomintang rule, draw up an even more specific plan to Sovietize the western
bank of the Kan River and capture Kan-chou, Chi-an, and Nan-ch'ang in co-
ordination with the Red Army and the Kiangsi Provincial Soviet.
5. The congress should arrive at a very concrete decision regarding making
a bid to expand the Red Army and implement regulations for the preferential
treatment of the Red Army, and should sufficiently discuss the building up
of regional armed forces and the development of guerrilla warfare, extending
the Soviet areas, and reinforcing the leadership in all work and struggles
in the White areas.
6. To enhance the enthusiasm in struggle of the toiling masses, the workers
and peasants, it is imperative to implement thoroughly the Soviet government
program. The congress should enforce the Labor Law in its entirety and
carry out land inspection to see whether or not the land Law is being im-
plemented in full. It should carry out agrarian construction and raise
production in a planned way.
7. Consolidate urban and rural congresses, bring about a genuine democratic
system, and draw the masses of workers and peasants into taking part in the
government and its work.
8. On the question of suppression of counterrevolutionaries, apart from
implementing correctly Order No 6, the congress should prevent the mistake
of another abandonment of the suppression of counterrevolutionaries. But
the handling of workers and peasants who unconsciously joined all sorts of
covert and fraudulent organizations (such as opium-smoking clubs and lovers'
societies) should not be put on a par with the handling of elements who
consciously or knowlingly joined the AB Group. There should be a difference.
We should not judge the former category of people guilty of having formally
joined a counterrevolutionary organization. Only in this way can we win over
the masses who have been deceived into unconsciously joining covert organiza-
tions and prevent counterrevolutionaries from intimidating them into falling
into their schemes.
9. It is necessary to take stringent measures to rectify past mistakes of
inciting the masses to go and grab rice from the White areas. These things
have impaired faith in the soviets and increased the antipathy of the masses
in the White areas, and have been made capital of by the counterrevolutionaries.
The grain and rice of landlords in the White areas for the most part should
be distributed among the masses of workers and peasants locally. Only a part
of it should be used to aid the Red Army and a part to aid people in Soviet
areas who have been trampled underfoot and suffer from a shortage of rice.
But this should still be publicized among the masses in the White areas.
- Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
10. The Provincial Soviet in the past classified opposition against rich
peasants into pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary. This is extremely
erroneous. The congress must repudiate this kind of theory. That the masses
did not take an active part in production in the past was essentially the
evil consequence of exacting fines and levying contributions impermissibly
without regard to classes, and not of opposing exploitation by rich peasants.
11. Implement the economic policy correctly so as to enlarge the financial
resources and establish an economic base for expanding the revolutionary war.
Develop the economy, improve tax collection, and organize guerrilla units to
raise funds in the White areas on the one hand, and on the other hand, present
ways and means to "cut down expenses to provide for war expenditures," punish
severely corruption and wasteful acts, and put into effect a truly unified
financial system so as to relieve the Red Army gradually of its official fund-
raising task and enable it to concentrate solely on carrying on the revolu-
tionary war.
12. To carry out thoroughly all this work, it is necessary to enforce a
work inspection system so as to eradicate bureaucratism, corruption and de-
generation, passivity and sabotage. It was wrong that the Provincial Soviet
did not set up a worker-peasant inspection department in the past. The dif-
ferent levels of government must now establish such a department in accord-
ance with the regulations to be promulgated at this congress, elect veteran
Communist Party members who have had a long history of struggle and are
activists to serve in it, and call upon the broad masses of workers and
peasants and mass organizations to take part in this work.
13. The congress must thoroughly review the past work of the Provincial
Soviet and of the government at different levels. It must mercilessly bring
to light all mistakes made in the work before it can implement correctly all
resolutions and orders of the National Soviet Congress and the Central
Government and accomplish what should be its tasks. Finally, we wish suc-
cess to your congress.
Chinese Soviet Provisional Central
Government
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairmen: Hsiang Ying
Chang Kzo-tao
?"Red China, No 22, 9 June 1932
7682
cso: +005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
PROVISIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL OUTLINE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS
--Adopted at the 16th Regular Session of the People's Council
a
20 June 1932
Jext7 1. In the Central Government the Department of Internal Affairs is
attached to the People's Council and is known as the Department of People's
Commissioners of Internal Affairs. It is known as the Department of Internal
Affairs in counties and provinces under the direction of the Presidium of
the Executive Committee. No department of internal affairs is set up in
districts.
2. Administratively, the different levels of the department of internal
affairs are placed under the direct authority of the department of internal
affairs of a higher level, thus establishing a direct systematic relation-
ship, and absolutely act under the order of that department. However, at
the same time, they are subjected to the guidance of the presidium of the
government of the same level, thus creating a lateral relationship. A de-
partment of internal affairs may organize a committee on internal affairs to
be composed of three to nine members.
3. After the election of the director of a lower-level department of in-
ternal affairs by the Soviet congress of the same level, his name must be
submitted to the department of internal affairs of a higher level for
approval.
4. For the time being, the department of internal affairs has charge of
municipal administration, people's police, criminal cases, criminal investi-
gation, public health, communication, post and telecommunications, food,
so(:ial security, census, registration of births and deaths, and of marriages,
etc. Under the Department of People's Commissioners of Internal Affairs are
established tentatively the following:
(a) Directorate of Municipal Administration;
(b) Administrative Bureau;
(c) Directorate of Public Health:
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
(d) Directorate of Communication;
(e) Directorate of Social Security; and
(f) Directorate of Posts and Telecommunications.
(Note 1) The directorates of public health, communication, post and tele
communications, social security, and food are provisional organs to be set
up prior to the establishment of the departments of public health, communi-
cation, posts and telecommunications, etc., whose work is being administered
by the department of internal affairs on a temporary basis.
(Note 2) For the time being, the department (division) of public health will
not be established in the municipal Soviets, districts, counties, and pro-
vinces. Under the department of internal affairs, a division of public
health will be set up temporarily, and in a district it will be the respon-
sibility of the presidium of that district. A department (division) of
food must be set up in all municipal Soviets, districts, counties, and pro-
vinces, subjected to the guidance of the Department of People's Commissioners
of Internal Affairs in the Central Government.
5. The department of internal affairs in a county or province will set up
only these divisions: administrative, municipal administration, communica-
tion, public health, and social security. A municipal Soviet will establish
an administrative division to administer the people's police and concurrently
handle criminal investigation. Bigger cities will set up a division of
municipal administration and an administrative division to have charge of
city administration, people's police, and criminal investigation.
6. In the Department of Internal Affairs in the Central Government, apart
from the director and deputy director, there is a head for each of the six
directorates, and in the provinces a head for each of the five divisions,
namely: administrative, municipal administration, communication, public
health, and social security. In the county there is a head for each of the
two divisions, and in the municipalities there is only the head of the ad-
ministrative division.
(Note) In a small county the director of the department can act concur-
rently as the head of one of the two divisions, leaving only one divisional
head to be added.
7. Aside from the responsible working personnel listed in Item 6, considera-
tion may be given to the employment of technicians to undertake technical
work. Such personnel will be appointed by order of the director.
8. The business to be handled by each of the directorates (divisions) are
as follows:
(a) The directorate of municipal administration is to administer the city's
construction affairs, such as highways, streets, streetcar lines, electric
lights, and water supply, and to construct and manage other city enterprises.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
(b) The administrative bureau of administrative division is: (a) to admin-
ister the people's police, train and educate the people's police, conduct
census, keep registers of births and deaths and of marriages, set up street
lights, oversee and direct the people's police in maintaining order in the
city and cleanliness in the streets and upholding the prohibition of opium-
smoking and gambling; and (b) to direct criminal investigation, train criminal
investigation personnel, and investigate and arrest all kinds of criminal
offenders (such as thieves, robbers, murderers, etc.).
(c) The directorate (division) of public health is to administer hospitals,
take precautions against epidemics and infectious diseases and keep them in
check, pay attention to public health, inspect land and water conveyances,
community mess halls, and people's homes for. cleanliness, test and supervise
doctors and pharmacists, and inspect the drug and medicinal herb business.
(d) The directorate (division) of communication is to plan, construct, and
inspect roads and bridges, and supervise their repair and improvement, ad-
minister shipping, dredge navigable channels, and set up beacons, and admin-
ister overland transportation (such as railroads, highways, and air navigation)
and its improvement, and all other matters concerning communication.
(e) The directorate (division) of social security is to administer relief to
the poverty-stricken in society and relief in case of flood, drought, and
other kinds of calamities.
(f) The directorate of posts and telecommunications is to develop and ad-
minister the postal, telegraph, radiogram, and long-distance telephone ser-
vices.
(Note) Posts and telecommunications are under centralized management,
therefore the directorate of post and telecommunications is set up only under
the Department of People's Commissioners of Internal Affairs in the Central
Government and not below the provincial level.
9. In case of necessity, the various directorates or divisions may set up
committees and appoint experts as members. The head of the directorate or
division will serve as chairman and committee members will range from three
to five in number.
10. The organizational outlines of the department of food and the depart-
ment of public health in the local government and detailed regulations
governing their work will be formulated and promulgated separately.
11. A number of advisors may be appointed to supervise the conduct of
departmental business and guide the work of subordinates.
12. Detailed regulations governing the office work of the department of
internal affairs will be formulated separately.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
13. The provisional organizational outline may be revised or abolished at
any time by the People's Council.
14. This provisional organizational outline takes effect from the day of
promulgation in the two provinces of Fukien and Kiangsi and in Jui-chin
county directly under the central authority. However, in soviet areas
which are not contiguous to the Central Soviet Area, it takes effect from
the day of its arrival.
People's Council
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairmen: Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuao-tao
10 June 1932
?"Provisional Organizational Outline of the Department of Internal Affairs,
Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic" (mimeograph)
7082
cso: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
ON CONTINUING THE REFORM OF LOCAL SOVIET GOVERNMENTS
Directive No 15 of the Central Executive Committee
20 September 1932
Text? At a time when the current revolutionary war is developing sharply,
the central task of the soviets is to lead and expand the revolutionary war
and every kind of work should center around the war. All sacrifices made
will be for winning total victory in the war and to improve and consolidate
the leadership of the soviets is a basic condition for winning total victory
in the war. The local soviets have gone through a complete reform and they
have made partial progress in their work. However, it has come to light
that in the central task of leading and expanding the revolutionary war,
the leadership of the local soviets is weak and that many mistakes have been
committed. First of all, they have not centered their work around the war.
For this reason, in many places they have not actively proceeded with ex-
panding the Red Army and mobilizing the masses to go to the front and join
in the fighting. Some have not resolutely carried out attacks against the
enemy in their leadership of the regional armed forces. Take, for example,
the Lung-yai Revolutionary Military Committee and the Ch'ang-t'ing County
Soviet. Both not only did not tenaciously lead the masses in engaging the
enemy in resolute struggle, but they shrank back and fled, with the result
that the soviet areas suffered considerable losses. They did not pay heed
to the political leadership of guerrilla units, creating serious manifesta-
tions of Red-White antagonism. They did not even take a firm step to expand
the soviet areas and consolidate newly won soviet areas. Such facts as
these fully show that the soviet governments in some places are not sound
and that they do not perform their tasks determinedly. This is exceedingly
detrimental to the development and victory of the revolutionary war.
Looking at the soviet governments themselves, we have noticed that there
still are alien class elements hidden in some of them and that other
governments are still displaying a non-class line to the fullest. This
non-class line has frequently been manifested in questions concerning land
and protection for workers. Manifestations of bureaucratic degeneration
are developing in a number of local soviet government. Manifestations of
corruption are still very serious. Their methods of work often are divorced
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
from the masses. Mostly, they adopt the method of issuing an order and
compeling the masses to carry it out. They have not fully implemented the
regulations governing the preferential treatment of the Red Army, thereby
impeding the work of expanding the Red Army. They have disregarded women's
rights and unrealistically implemented the marriage regulations, thereby
obstructing women from participating in revolutionary work. Lower-level
governments do not pay attention to orders from a higher-level government
and merely perform their work perfunctorily. Regular congresses of urban
and rural soviets have not been set up. In the worst cases, some rural
soviets close their doors and do no work. In all the work, the majority of
them only have the name, but not the work. All these manifestations and mis-
takes show that the local soviets are not sound and cannot have the strength
to undertake the task of leading the revolutionary war.
In order to strengthen the leadership of the soviet governments in the
revolutionary war and eliminate all mistakes and shortcomings in the work
of the soviets, it has been resolved to continue to re-elect and reform the
local soviet governments. Through re-elections we will clear the soviets
of non-class alien elements and all other elements who are passive saboteurs
of revolutionary war work, drive corrupt and degenerate bureaucratic elements
out of the soviets, admit activists as new cadres, and set up strong and
capable soviet governments to carry out realistically the task and work of
leading the revolutionary war.
The election procedure this time is not to conduct elections at the different
levels of government in the Fukin and Kiangsi provincial soviets simulta-
neously, but to hold separate elections with the counties as a unit. This is
because now is the time to expand the revolutionary war and if elections are
carried out simultaneously in all places, the governments will devote all
their energy to the work of conducting re-elections and this will necessarily
cause the work of expanding the revolutionary war to come to a standstill and
thus will be of no advantage to the revolutionary war. As to the main cri-
terion of re-election, how a government performs its work in leading the
revolutionary war will decide whether the re-election of the government will
be a complete one or partial. Below are two lists of names of counties, one
calling for a complete re-election and the other for a partial re-election:
1. Complete re-election: In Kiangsi--Nan-kuang, Shih-ch'eng, Hui-ch'ang,
Hsun-wu, An-yuan, Yu-tu, and Yung-feng. In Fukien--Chang-t'ing, Ning-hua,
Hsin-ch'uan, and Wu-ping. In Lung-yai a county soviet government will be
set up formally.
2. Partial re-election: In Kiangsi--Hsing-kuo, Sheng-li, Ning-tu, Kung-lueh,
Kan-hsien, Lo-an, and Wan-t'ai. In Fukien--Yung-ting, Shang-hang, and
Jui-chin counties directly under the central authority.
In this re-election, we should mobilize the masses to participate in the
re-election campaign and review and criticize the work of the soviets
through developing the revolutionary war. We.should make the re-election
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
campaign serve as an actual mobilization to arouse the masses to expand the
Red Army and take part in frontline work so as to set right past peaceful
re-elections and election campaigns that were removed from the war.
In this re-election, the different levels of the government should pay special
attention to drawing activists among the workers into joining county con-
gresses and district and county executive committees so as to reinforce the
worker composition of the different levels of the soviets.
Upon receipt of this directive, the different levels of the soviet government
should immediately make preparations for re-election. The period of re-
election shall be determined by the Soviets of the two provinces of Kiangsi
and Fukien and the Presidium of the Soviet of Jui-chin county directly under
the central authority. The re-election formalities will still be in accord-
ance with the provisions of the election by-laws.
The different levels of the soviet governments.
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairmen: Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-tao
20 September 1932
o"Red China," No 35, 27 September 1932
7682
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
ON COMMEMORATION OF THE FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
Order No 9 of the Central Executive Committee
24 September 1932
Jex. November 7 this year is the first anniversary of the establishment
of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic and at
the same time, the 15th anniversary of the victory of the October Revolution
of the Soviet Union. In the past year, internationally the revolutionary
situation in China has made the greatest progress and socialist construction
in the Soviet Union has gained great success, intensifying all the more the
collapse of the capitalist world and the development of world revolution.
In this past year, the imperialist war against the Soviet Union and the par-
tition of China have reached an unprecedented critical state. Since the
establishment of a nation-wide unified organ of leadership--the Provisional
Central Government--the Chinese soviet movement has achieved unprecedented
success and growth. Under the leadership of the Central Government, the
Workers and Peasants' Red Army throughout the country has continued to score
unprecedented victories in the revolutionary war by annihilating between
10 and 20 divisions of the Kuomintang army, expanding the most extensive
soviet areas, and unfolding a new phase in the national revolutionary war
all over the country. The Soviet has become a banner of liberation to the
toiling masses, the workers and peasants, nation-wide.
On the occasion of this great anniversary, the imperialist Kuomintang, in
the course of its fourth "encirclement campaign" against the soviets and
the Workers and Peasants' Red Army, for which it had concentrated all
strength in a bid to save its moribund rule, has suffered the most serious
defeat at the hands of the courageous Red Army, which is fighting on all
fronts to hasten its collapse and annihilation. The Soviet Central Government
calls upon the toiling masses, the workers and peasants, and the Red Army to
smash thoroughly the fourth encirclement campaign of the imperialist Kuomintang
and strive for an initial victory in Kiangsi Province through courageous action
so as to carry out direct war with Japan to commemorate this great anniversary.
At the same time, the masses are called upon to take part in strengthening
and leading the revolutionary war and on this anniversary, carry out a re-
view of the work of the different levels of government. The Central Executive
Committee has decided to stage the following events on the anniversary of
the establishment of the Central Government:
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
1. A three-day holiday, 6-8 January Liz, has been declared for all organs,
army forces, factories, and shops.
2. A military review is to be held on 7 November. In all units at the front,
except for those which cannot do so on account of fighting, the highest-ranking
commander of each unit will hold a review of troops. Red Guard units and
model battalions of every county will concentrate on the seat of the county
Soviet to stage their review. In Jui-chin County directly under the central
authority, the central authorities will hold a formal inspection of all model
battalions in the county.
3. On 6 November, all counties will each summon a mass meeting of the elec-
torate, at which the district or township government will represent the Central
Government in making a report on the work in the past year (The report will be
printed and issued by the Central Government in due course.). On 8 November,
the district or township government will report to the electorate on its own
work, so that on this day the electorate may review the work of the Soviet and
the Soviet may accept the suggestions of the electorate regarding the Soviet.
4. Toward the end of October, all provinces and counties will make a work
report to the Central Government, in which they conduct a review of the work
of the different levels of the Soviet in the past year, especially regarding
the work of leading and organizing the war.
All levels of the government and all military districts positively must act
in accordance with this order and make actual preparations for the above items
of work in the midst of actively expanding the revolutionary war. Such is
the order.
Military Council
All levels of the Government
All Military Districts
Chairman: Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairmen: Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-tao
24 September 1932
o"Red China," No 35, 27 September 1932
7682
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
TELEGRAM AGAINST THE REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL INVESTIGATION DELEGATION
6 October 1932
[Text] All Chinese workers, peasants and soldiers and all oppressed masses!
The Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic has long
since proclaimed to the masses of all China that the League of Nations is a
bandits' alliance of the imperialist countries to dismember China, and that
the main purpose for which it has sent Lytton's investigation delegation
to China is.to plan for the dismemberment of China and the suppression of all
revolutionary activity under the banner of the Chinese Soviets.
Now the report of the imperialist bandit alliance's investigation delegation--
the Lytton Commission--concerning the dismemberment of China has been published.
It is a tragic whitewash of the dismemberment of China presented to the Chinese
masses by imperialism--and those traitors who disgrace their country, the
Kuomintang and their government, entirely agree with and accept it!
The Lytton Commission report has publicly and quite shamelessly proclaimed
a new plan for the dismemberment of China: it openly declares that Japan
and all the imperialists should not only occupy Manchuria but should dismember
the whole of China, and it clearly declares that Japanese imperialism's
occupation of Manchuria and its bloodbath in Shanghai were justified. It
calls for all imperialists to unite to dismember China and destroy the Chinese
revolutionary movement, starting with an even crueller attack upon the country-
wide national revolutionary war and local revolutionary movements led by the
Chinese Soviet Government, upon the anti-Japanese war of the Manchurian
volunteers, and upon anti-Japanese, anti-imperialist and goods boycott move-
ments. It shamelessly advocates the status of "autonomous nation" for
Manchuria, the setting up of an international gendarmerie to make it a base
for international imperialism's attack upon the Soviet Union, for active
attack on the Soviet Union. At the same time, it uses phrases such as
"suzerainty rests with China" in the hopes of relieving the Chinese masses
of their anti-imperialist armor and benumbing them. Finally, it repeatedly
orders the Kuomintang to more actively attack the Red Army, to surrender more
faithfully to imperialism and sell out national interests, to strive even
harder to suppress the anti-imperialist movement and the goods boycott
movement, and to cruelly butcher the Chinese masses!
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
The Lytton Commission's report is a certification of imperialist enslavement
of the Chinese people. The Soviet Government calls upon the masses of the
entire country to arm themselves and, under the leadership of the Soviet
Government, tear the Lytton report to shreds with a revolutionary national
war, and to oppose all of the imperialists' new schemes to dismember China,
to attack the Soviet areas, to suppress the Chinese revolution and to attack
the Soviet Union! Drive the Japanese and all imperialists out of China and
gain complete liberation and independence for the Chinese people! Protect
the Soviet Union by force of arms and establish a social alliance between
China's laboring masses and the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Government declares to workers, peasants and soldiers throughout
the country and to all oppressed masses that to truly carry on a national
revolutionary war and to oppose imperialists dismemberment of China, we must
begin by overthrowing the scavengers of imperialist dismemberment of China
and the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, which represses the nationalist
war. The Kuomintang and its government have, with complete loyalty, accepted
the imperialists' report on the dismemberment of China, have accepted it as
a basis for discussion, and all discussions and studies of it by Kuomintang
factions and the government, as well as verbal expressions of dissatisfaction
with certain points in the report are without exception a smokescreen to cover
up their betrayal of China and a trick to deceive the masses. The Kuomintang
is willing to give the Three Eastern Provinces, Shanghair, and the rest of
China to the imperialists and mobilize a hugL? army, with the direction and
help of the imperialists, to attack the worker and peasant army which is truly
leading the revolutionary masses of the entire country in a revolutionary
nationalist war, hoping in this way to destroy the Soviet Government of the
true anti-imperialist masses and prevent the Red Army and the heroic anti-
imperialist fighters and volunteers from standing together to make war
directly upon the imperialists. At the same time, it assists the imperialists
by slaughtering and betraying the Manchurian volunteers, repressing the
nationwide anti-imperialist movement, restraining the goods boycott movement
and the workers' strikes, and slaughtering the workers and peasants and the
laboring masses in order to prove its loyalty to imperialism. Only by
overthrowing the Kuomintang rule which has sold out our national interests
can we prosecute the national revolutionary war in a workable manner. The
Soviet Government is now leading the Worker and Peasant Red Army of the
entire nation and the broad range of laboring masses in the Soviet zones in
a bitter war against the imperialist Kuomintang to victoriously smash the
Kuomintang's fourth campaign and is destroying the reactionary rule of the
Kuomintang with revolutionary war! Masses of the entire nation, arm yourselves!
Oppose the Kuomintang's fourth campaign on the Soviet zones, overthrow the
rule of the Kuomintang, the lackeys of imperialism, and support the Red Army
and Soviet power! Only the Soviet Government can truly lead a nationwide
revolutionary war, fight directly against Japan and oppose the imperialists'
dismemberment of China! Only the Worker and Peasant Red Army is truly arming
the masses for a nationalist war! Fighters of the Worker and Peasant Red Army
throughout the country, and laboring worker-peasant masses in the Soviet zones!
Actively carry on revolutionary war against the imperialist Kuomintang and
resolutely attack and smash the fourth "encirclement and suppression campaigns!"
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Workers, peasants and soldiers. everywhere in the White areas, and all suffering
masses! Take the initiative in arming yourselves, organizing militias, staging
strikes and carrying on goods boycotts, and struggle actively against the
imperialist Kuomintang; all revoutionary masses rise together under the Soviet
banner to wage a national revolutionary war, to oppose imperialist dismemberment
of China, to overthrow Kuomintang rule, to drive the Japanese imperialists and
all other imperialists out of China, to set up a Soviet Government of the
masses of all China, and to complete the independence and liberation of the
Chinese people!
Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic,
Mao Tse-tung
Vice Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
6 October 1932 in Jui-chin 3843 6855 Kiangsi
o"Soviet China," Soviet Research Society Chung-hua Shu-Chu (Shanghai),
November 1932
*"Pei-Fang Hung-Ch'1" RED FLAG OF THE NORTH No 15, Oct 1932
*"Soviet China," Soviet Foreign Workers Publishing House (Moscow), 1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ON EMERGENCY MOBILIZATION FOR WAR
Order No 12 of Central Executive Committee
13 October 1932
[Text] The revolution is becoming daily more intense throughout the country,
and the Soviets and the Red Army in particular have won unprecedentedly great
victories and more unprecedented progress throughout the country, so that
the imperialist Kuomintang's fourth encirclement campaign in O-Hsiang-Yuan,
Hsiang-o-hsi, Hsiang-tung-pei and Hsiang-o-chiang has met with crushing defeat
after defeat. Most notably, the Red Army in the Central District rolled
victoriously northward, and as a result the Kuomintang warlords, under the
strict supervision of the imperialists, are now devoting their full strength
to deployments for a large-scale attack against the Central District, and
intensifying their attacks on Kau-tung-pei, Hsiang-ok-kan and Ho-hsi; this
is because in view of the revolution's victories and the reactionary ruling
class is planning to put all its strength into a final effort which represents
a critical point of decisive struggle between revolution and counterrevolution.
This class war will be more intense and graver than any previous war and
accordingly we must mobilize all our workers. and peasants and laboring masses
to arm themselves and quickly become a powerful Red Army force, and to prepare
with all their strength, all their economic resources and all their sacrifice
for a war to smash the enemy's large-scale campaign in the course of the
victory in this.war, we shall take the urban centers of Chi, Hsiang, Fu, and
Nan, and realize our initial victory in Kiangsi and the several neighboring
provinces. In order to lead the worker-peasant masses and armed organizations
of the entire country in smashing the imperialist Kuomintang's all-out attack
on the central region the fourth encirclement campaign throughout the country,
the Central Government is carrying out an emergency general wartime mobiliza-
tion, in particular with reference to the Worker and Peasant Red Army units
and all worker-peasant laboring masses in Soviet areas throughout the country,
to carry out a resolute attack, with the most positive and rapid action and
the broadest and most thorough military mobilization, in order to guarantee
the complete success of this war. Accordingly, governments at all levels,
all Red Army units, and all military districts must resolutely and rapidly
carry out the following mobilization work:
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
1. Urgently mobilize all worker-peasant laboring masses to struggle
energetically for victory with the most positive revolutionary enthusiasm and
practical activity; to this end, the governments at all levels shall carry
out a thorough political mobilization of the worker-peasant masses in all
Soviet areas so that every worker-peasant element understands the significance
of this campaign for his own future and that it is a decisive movement for
the country-wide victory of the Soviets, and recognizes that the fundamental
conditions for the victory of our class war are the swelling of the struggle
against counterrevolution by all revolutionary forces in the country, so as
to stimulate the worker-peasant masses' fighting enthusiasm and class
determination and make them actively prepare for and participate in all
practical work of the campaign, in the front lines and the rear areas, and
struggle to smash the enemy's large-scale attack. Accordingly:
(a) All personnel of the provincial and Soviet area governments are to go
immediately to the lower levels and convene assemblies there, in particular
the urban and rural representative assemblies and electoral assemblies to
undertake political mobilization, so that all working personnel and all worker
and peasant comrades will understand the significance of this war, and will
all be mobilized to take part in all mobilization activities of the war.
(b) In all Red Army units, their highest leadership organs shall convene
soldiers' meetings in accordance with their particular situation, to carry out
a general mobilization of all fighters.
(c) In all local armed associations, the military district military departments,
and those at all other levels, shall hold meetings of their Red Guards,,
guerrillas, and Young Pioneers groups.
(d) All mass groups shall, under this general mobilization order, respectively
hold plenary meetings and make agitation reports.
2. All Red Army units shall, in accordance with established policy and mounting
the most positive and adroit attacks, first defeat the enemy's attacks and
smash the enemy's all-out attack with victorious attacks of their own, so as
to seize control of urban centers and realize the initial victory in Kiangsi;
in particular, the Red Army units throughout the country must act in coordination.
3. An intensive expansion of the Red Army strengthens the main force of the
revolutionary war, and this is a main condition for smashing the enemy's all-
out assault. In October, governments at all levels must, with the greatest
energy and rapidity, mobilize the broadest range of worker and peasant activist
elements to swell the Red Army's numbers and improve its quality. They must
resolutely carry out the Central Committee's Directive No 15 and must also
more than double the prescribed numbers, and thereafter must continually carry
on activities to expand the Red Army, constantly replenishing the front lines
on a large-scale and setting up regular Red Army reserve units. In addition,
governments at all levels are charged with mobilizing and urging soldiers who
have been demobilized and have returned home to all return to their units
during October, and with initiating an extremely broad return-to-the-units
movement among the masses.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
4. Persevere in carrying out Directive No 15 and quickly mobilize all able-
bodied men between 18 and 40 years of age in all Soviet areas to volunteer
to join the Red Guards, each man must provide himself with a weapon, prepare
sights for local weapons and artillery and ready a sufficient supply of
ammunition (in addition, the Young Pioneers must be set up extensively);
they must be organized and set up as units in accordance with regulations;
this work must be completed before the revolutionary holiday in October.
Political education and combat training must be especially intensified.
Governments at all levels, and all military districts and all military
departments, must painstakingly undertake the implementation of this
Directive so that the Red Guards will truly be able to shoulder the task of
protecting their localities and coordinating with the Red Army in destroying
and striking back at the attacking enemy; model camps and model Young Pioneers
groups must be ready at all times to move out and to assemble for combat.
5. Set up powerful guerrilla units. All existing guerrilla units must be
subjected to strict investigation and bad elements among their personnel must
immediately be purged and guerrilla units' leadership must be strengthened or
replaced. During October each guerrilla unit must take a week's training
in rotation and strengthen its political and military education, so that
every member of the unit knows the work and missions he is charged with.
Each country must have at least one or two crack guerrilla units to go into
neighboring White areas and the enemy's rear and carry on the broadest kind
of guerrilla war, whipping up mass struggle and extending the Soviet areas;
they will be the Soviet areas' armed organizers and propagandizers. They
will become an extremely critical force in the revolutionary war, able to
coordinate with the Red Army in applying pressure and attacking the enemy;
they will resolutely erase all serious phenomena of guerrilla units. Each
county must have them thoroughly organized and put in order during October
so that they can all go into action according to the directives and missions
which have been planned by the Military Service Committee.
6. In order to facilitate the destruction of the enemy and to win the initial
victory in Kiangsi, we must actively develop the surrounding Soviet areas, in
particular those in the north and east, as well as those in the northeast.
This is a critical prerequisite for winning a victory and for realizing the
initial victory in Kiangsi. Governments at all levels and armed units in
all localities must immediately mobilize personnel to go to these fronts and
develop the Soviet areas to win over the broad worker-peasant masses, to
create an even more extensive Soviet area, to surround every urban center and
the environs of any urban center that serve the enemy as a strong point; to
establish close relationships with Northeast Kiangsi and Ho-hsi, and with
more thorough planning, to go and carry on work among the soldiers of the
White armies surrounding the Soviet areas, so as to shatter the enemy's
armies, win over the revolutionary masses of the soldiers, and set up activities
in the neighboring urban centers. All provincial and county governments
must, in October, transfer large numbers of cadres to these new areas in
order to establish political power and carry out the land revolution, so as
to carry on work in the White areas and with the White army soldiers, and
at the same time, must deepen the class struggle in all the border areas,
consolidate and expand them.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
7. We must immediately collect the land tax, the business tax and the house
rents so as to develop our financial resources, and must thoroughly ready
our economic and food resources for warfare, along with all military
necessities, and prepare for a protracted struggle with the enemy, so that
Red Army and all worker-peasant masses will not be troubled by being
bottled up by the enemy and short on provisions; even more, we must continue
to save on expenses and food, in order to make ample war preparations. This
is of critical importance to our victory or defeat in the decisive war.
8. Mobilize all worker-peasant masses to store food and salt and to cut
waste of food, to make an effort in the growing of miscellaneous grains and
vegetables and to prepare to supply the Red Army during wartime. The
enthusiasm for revolutionary war and support for the Red' Army of the worker-
peasant masses in all the soviet areas should be encouraged politically, and
preparation and storage of economic resources and food should be thoroughly
carried out, in order to gain victory in war and to be prepared at any time
to lend or contribute to the Red Army.
9. We must persist in destroying the advancing enemy so that our soviet areas
will not be overrun. If the enemy is able to enter and harass soviet areas,
we must persevere in leading the worker-peasant masses and arming them in
hitting the enemy and destroying him. We must cut off his food supplies and
communications, harass him day and night, strengthen our bulwarks and leave
nothing outside them, so that the enemy cannot continue for a moment in the
Soviet areas. All local governments must lead the local armed organizations
and worker-peasant masses in active execution of all kinds of preparations,
making use of our experience of the past three campaigns, so that we will
attain a more thorough.and effective achievement and will be victorious.
10. All Soviet areas must institute the strictest sort of Red martial law,
and all sentries shall be the responsibility of the Red Guards. They must
be set up within 10 days so as to stringently guard against penetration by
enemy reconnaissance, and must scrupulously check all travelers and all
materials brought with them. Any suspicious cases must be brought to the
government organs for thorough investigation. The governments at all levels
shall issue travel permits only after detailed investigation and certification.
They must not issue them carelessly. The previous practice of stamping a mark
on the hand is to be abandoned. All mass organizations must obtain travel
passes from the government, and only the government and military organs of
the government can issue them. Travel permits for travel through the white
areas must be issued by the county or district governments. A house-to-house
check of all Soviet areas must immediately be carried out, and in particular
all suspicious elements in the urban areas must be subjected to intensive
investigation and surveillance. For this work, government at all levels shall
have the particupation and assistance of the labor unions, Young Pioneers and
all mass organizations.
11. Intensify the purge of counterrevolutionaries. The National Security
Office is charged with instructing its branch units at all levels to make
painstaking plans to carry out this work, and at the same time government at
all levels must deal severely with all counterrevolutionary activities, in
particular the counties of Shih Ch'eng [4258 1004], Ning-tu [1337 6757],
Kuang-ch'ang [1639 2490], I-huang [1355 7806], Ning-hua [1337 0553], Hui-ch'ang
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
[2585 2490], Hsun--wu [1416 6762], Yu-tu [7184 6757] , An-yuan [1344 66781,
Hsin-feng [0207 0023], and Lung-yen [7893 1484]. We must quickly and
thoroughly wipe out the power of the evil gentry and landlords and lead the
worker-peasant masses to carry out surveillance activities against all
landlords, rich peasants and all suspected counterrevolutionaries. In the
combat zones these elements must be arrested. In order to set up a more
consolidated rear area we must thoroughly purge all counterrevolutionary
factions and suppress all counterrevolutionary activities.
12. We must actively revamp our main communication lines to make them more
conducive to military transport and troop movements. We must institute
strong logistics depot activities and logistics depot transportation, and
all governmental units within 30 li of the depots in either direction will
be charged with transport and protection reponsibility. The Red Guards along
the line shall become armed units for protection and escort. As to means
of transportation, we shall change the past designation of the various
organizations and unite them under the Red Guards. We have resolved that
every member of Red Guard unit shall have a weapon and a carrying pole; one
stretcher for every five men so that if combat occurs they may all attack
the enemy with weapons and if the front lines or logistics depots need
stretcher bearers or transportation teams, all Red Guards can become
transportation teams or stretcher bearers; only with such a rapid mobiliza-
tion can we adapt to the intense needs of combat.
13. The relevant government units shall mobilize the broad masses during
October to completely pull down all works built by the enemy in the soviet
areas during the three campaigns and not yet destroyed, and the city walls
of all cities.
14. During wartime, government at all levels must persevere in leading the
masses and the armed units in resolutely doing battle with the enemy, and if
there are those who are faint-hearted and flee and do not persistenly lead
the masses in combat, they must be dealt with according to military discipline.
In addition, in order to intensify the combat leadership strength of the
various governments, all the working personnel of the various governments
shall receive military training, and the district and township government
personnel shall participate in the Red Guards with leadership responsibility;
at the province and county levels they must, in coordination with the working
? personnel of the various organs and organizations at the same level, set up
a Red Guards organization to regularly carry out military training, so
that all life and activity shall be militarized. This will more practically
strengthen the leadership of the governments at various levels over the
combat activities of the local armed units.
The situation of the war is becoming daily more urgent, and we must use our
full strength in mobilizing the worker-peasant masses of all soviet areas,
and must, with the greatest rapidity, thoroughly prepare for all combat
activities and prepare to make every sacrifice to gain a military victory,
subordinating all activities to the war. This time, victory will assuredly
belong to us. It is so ordered.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
13 October 1932
8480 111
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
[Text] In order to adjust to the development of the revolutionary war, and
XX XX the work of the military department of local governments at all
levels, to lead the armed units of all localities in active participation in
combat, the chairman of the Military Department must be well-provided with
military skill and leadership ability to take on this important work. The
People's Committee has determined that the method of choosing the chairman
of the military departments of local governments at all levels shall be
changed; he shall be appointed directly by the command over all the military
districts, the general headquarters of the Jui-chin [3843 6855] garrison.
The appointment and replacement of the chairmen of the military departments of
the country and districts shall now be overseen by the individual military
district garrison commands. We make known this order and expect compliance.
It is so ordered.
Soviet Governments at all levels
Commands of all military districts
Commander-in-Chief Jui-chin Garrison
Chairman, Mao Tse-tung
Vice-chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
13 October 1932
oRed China, No 36, 16 October 1932
oRed China, No 47, 14 January 1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
[Text] The former Commander-in-Chief of the Jui-chin Garrison, Piu Po-ch'eng,
has now been transferred to XX XX work, and the principal-designate of the
Red Army School, Yeh Chien-ying, shall now also serve as Assignments Committee
member. It is-so ordered.
Chairman, Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen, Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
13 October 1932
oRed China, No 36, 16 October 1932
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ON THE SECOND ISSUE OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR BONDS
Directive No 17 of Central Executive Committee
21 October 1932
[Text] Because the revolution is developing particularly because of the
victorious development of the Soviets and the Red Army, the enemy is now
devoting his entire energy to an intensified deployment for a large-scale
assault against the Central District. In addition to issuing an order for
emergency wartime mobilization in order to lead the worker-peasant masses
of all Soviet areas in thoroughly smashing the enemy's large-scale attack
and realizing the initial victory in Kiangsi, the Central Government, in
order to facilitate the thorough guaranteeing of a complete victory in this
war and thorough preparation of economic resources for war, and in particular
to mobilize all worker-peasant masses to complete this preparation more
quickly, is taking the step of issuing a second series of revolutionary war
bonds in the amount of 1,200,000 yuan, for the specific purpose of meeting
the costs of the war. On receipt of this directive, governments at all
levels must, on the basis of previous experience, immediately discuss the
method of selling them and put it into practice within a short time. For this
purpose they must use a concrete method as below:
(a) Merchants, 150,000
Ting-chou [3060 1558] City, 70,000. Ning-hua [1337 0553], 5,000.
Jui-chin [3843 6855], 20,000. Hui-ch'ang [2585 2490], 8,000.
Yun-men-ling [4596 7024 1545], 18,000. Kuang-ch'ang 11639 24901, 6,000.
Ning-tu [1337 6757], 5,000. Hsing-kuo [5281 09481 8,000.
Yl-tu [7184 6757], 3,000. Shih-ch'eng [4258 1004], 3,000.
An-yuan [1344 6678], 2,000. Hsu-wu [1416 6762], 2,000.
(b) The various counties, 986,000
Fukien: Ch'aung-ting [7022 3060], 60,000. Shang-hang [0006 2635], 60,000.
Lung-yen [7893 1484], 20,000. Yung-ting [3057 1353], 15,000.
Hsin-chuan [2450 2164], 15,000. Ning-hua, 10,000.
Ting-chou City, 4,000. Wu-p'ing [2976 1627], 1,000.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Kiangsi: Jui-chin, 120,000. Hsing-kuo, 120,000.
Ning-tu, 80,000. Hui-ch'ang, 64,000.
Kan-hsien [6371 4905], 60,000. Sheng-li [0524 0448], 60,000.
Kung-lie [0361 3970], 50,000. Yu-tu, 50,000.
Kuang-ch'eng, 40,000. Shih-ch'eng, 40,000.
Yung-feng [3057 0023], 30,000. An-yuan, 15,000.
Hsun-wu, 15,000. Lo-an [2867 1344], 10,000.
I-huang [1355 7806], 5,000. Hsin-feng [0207 0023], 2,000.
Wan-t'ai [8001 3141], 4,000.
(c) Red Army, 60,000
Front Lines, 40,000. Rear Area offices, 10,000. Red Army School, 2,000.
Kau [6371] Military District, 5,000. Fukien Military District, 3,000.
(d) Party and Government Groups, 4,000
All General Administrative Offices, 2,700.
General Office of Young Pioneers, 500.
Organs Directly under Central Government, 400.
Lenin Normal, 300.
Central Office, 100.
2. Date of Issuance and Collection;
First Period, 306,000.
October 26, sent out by Central Government.
November 1, issued in all localities.
November 15, collections completed.
Lung-yen 20,000; Yung-ting 15,000; Wu-p'ing 1000; Lo-an 10,000; I-huang 5,000;
Kuang-ch'ang 46,000; Ning-tu 65,000; An-yuan 17,000; Hsun-wu 17,000;
Hui-ch'ang, Yun-men-ling 90,000 each.
Second Period, 360,000.
October 30, sent out.
November 1, issued.
November 15, collections complete.
Jui-chin 140,000; Yu-tu 53,000; Ting-chou City 74,000; Ning-hua 15,000;
Shang-hang 60,000; Hsin-ch'uan 15,000; Fukien Military District 3,000.
Third Period, 310,000.
November 5, sent out.
November 12, issued.
Last of November, collections complete.
Hsing-kuo 128,000; Kan-hsien 60,000; Kung-lie 50,000; Wan-ti'ai 40,000;
Yung-feng 30,000; Hsin-feng 2,000.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Fourth Period, 184,000.
November 8, sent out.
November 12, issued.
End of November, collections complete.
Ch'ang-ting 60,000; Shih-ch'eng 41,000; Sheng-li 60,000; Rear Area Offices
10,000; Ka'engsi Military District 5,000; Red Army School 5,000; Party
and government groups 4,000.
Fifth Period, 40,000.
November
12,
sent out.
November
20,
issued.
December
1,
collections complete.
Front Line Red Army 40;000;
(a) Fukien: all cities, county and military districts collected at
National Bank, Fukien Branch.
(b) Jui -chin, Shih-ch'eng, Hui-ch'ang, Hsun-wu, An-yuan, Yu-tu, Sheng-li,
Ning-tu, Kuang-ch'ang, in Kiangsi, Kiangsi Military District.
Party and government groups, direct payment at Central Office of
National Bank.
(c) Hsing-kuo, Kan-hsien, Kung-lue, Yung-feng, I-huang, Wan-t'ai, Lo-an,
Hsin-feng, in Kiangsi, at Kiangsi Provincial Soviet.
(d) Front Line Red Army units, collected at General Management Office.
4. Means of mobilizing the masses.
(a) Use propaganda and agitation, agitate the worker-peasant masses to
take the initiative in buying them. Orders or coercion must absolutely not
be used. But rich peasants and large and middle merchants can be designated
in advance, and ordered to buy them.
(b) The areas, cities and hsiang should convene the township representatives
assemblies to make a report and discussion. As to the methods of sale and of
encouraging the masses, the urban and rural governments and representatives
should convene mass meeting, of the electorate and report on the significance
of the government's bond issue and the duties of citizens. It is important
that they should agitate them politically about participating in the
revolutionary war so that the masses will take the initiative in buying them.
(c) Use of revolutionary emulation. County will compete with county
district with district, township with township, village with village, and
group with group, and the one that sells the most the quickest wins. The
government at the next higher level should award a pennant and a prize.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
(d) It shall be the responsibility of the village or city representative
and the urban and rural governments to turn over the collected funds to the
higher level.
(e) Governments at all levels shall, in accordance. with the above,
determine the concrete methods of implementation, i.e., methods of distribution,
agitation, and collection. To sum up, the bond issue can be completely carried
out according to the above regulations, but it depends most importantly upon how
we decide upon our work of mobilizing and agitating the masses; whoever can
actively mobilize the masses will be able to accomplish his mission. We must
stringently correct the past erroneous procedures of not mobilizing the
masses and relying exclusively on orders. The second bond issue is entirely
for the needs of the war to thoroughly smash the enemy's large-scale attack.
After the autumn harvest, the worker-peasant laboring masses and the
inhabitants are economically more active, and following the first bond issue
in particular the credit of the bond certificates had an easier time gaining
the support of the masses. So, governments at all levels should, on the basis
of past experience, make a great effort to agitate the masses, and resolutely
correct the past erroneous method of giving orders and designating people
without going through any propaganda and agitation. Each locality must at all
costs sell the bonds on time and deliver the receipts by the deadline, in
order to fulfil their revolutionary task. If half-hearted workers and
sabotours are discovered again as they were last time, they shall be punished
according to revolutionary discipline.
This is most expressly ordered!
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen, Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
21 October 1932
oRed China, No 38, 1 November 1932
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
ORGANIZE LABOR TEAMS WITH RICH PEASANTS
Order No 35
25 November 1932
[Text] At this period of tension in the revolutionary war, pressing tasks
are many in order to lessen the burden of the combat tasks of the worker-
peasant masses, we have decided to organize the rich peasants into work
teams under. the surveillance of the Red Guard to take on various types of
labor service in the Soviet areas, such as tearing down city walls and
works, repairing roads and internal transportation; these labor teams are
to be made up out by compulsory levy of rich peasants. Overall treatment
of them shall also differ from ordinary teams, as follows:
1. The various local governments must form all rich peasants able to work
into labor teams, and at work time dispatch the Red Guards to oversee them
(one Red Guard overseer per 5 workers). They must be sent immediately to
tear down the city walls and earthworks and destroy the works which were
previously put up in the Soviet areas by the enemy, and to repair the roads
and bridges. Within the Soviet areas, the transportation along logistics
depot routes and part of the moving of heavy objects shall be assigned to
them.
2. As to the support of the labor teams, they must provide their own
utensils and food, but if they are engaged in transportation work on trips
lasting more than 2 days, the government may provide them with rice, but
they themselves must carry money for vegetables. It is imperative that
each government unit shall immediately implement the above resolutions.
It is so ordered.
Soviet Governments at all levels
Chairman, Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
25 November 1932
8480 118
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
CULTIVATE MORE GRAIN AND PROHIBIT OPIUM CULTIVATION--NOTICE NO 13 OF
PROVISIONAL CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
[Text] At present, in order to continue the victorious pursuit of the
revolutionary war and the protracted struggle, so as to thoroughly smash
the enemy's large-scale offensive, and to win even greater victories, we
need to make thorough preparations in which food is particularly critical,
not only affecting the provisioning of the Red Army but also directly
influencing the daily life of the worker-peasant masses. Accordingly,
the Provisional Central Government, in order to bolster the food supply
and to keep the broad worker-peasant masses and Red Army in the Soviets
from suffering any hardship with respect to food, has made the following
decisions:
1. Plant more miscellaneous grain and vegetables; now is the time for
planting miscellaneous grains, and the worker-peasant masses in all localities
should do their utmost to plant miscellaneous grains and vegetables to make
up cereal shortages.
2. Forbid the cultivation of opium. Opium is a most pernicious poison, and
a tool used by the evil gentry and landlords to benumb the workers and
peasants. In our Soviet areas we must absolutely forbid it. Furthermore,
since the cultivation hinders the cultivation of miscellaneous grains and
the next year's spring planting and so decreases the source of grain and
harms the revolutionary war, in all our Soviet areas this year we absolutely
forbid further cultivation of opium. It must be replaced by miscellaneous
grains.
The above decision is entirely in the interest of the revolutionary war and
of the worker-peasant masses. It must be strictly followed by everyone.
Recently we have heard that rich peasants are subverting from within,
intentionally inciting the masses to plant opium, to decrease the food
production in the Soviet areas and bring about grevious harm to the worker-
peasant masses. This is indeed intentional subversion of the revolution,
and accordingly is absolutely prohibited by the Soviet areas. All local
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
governments and all revolutionary bodies and all the worker-peasant masses
must painstakingly investigate peasants who encourage the masses to grow
opium; rich peasants who intentionally subvert the revolution must be
strictly investigated and given harsh punishment. This is most earnestly
communicated, and it is expected that governments at all levels, all mass
organizations and all the worker-peasant masses will be informed of it
and will obey it implicitly. It is so required.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
25 November 1932
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ON MOBILIZATION FOR WAR AND THE STYLE OF WORK--URGENT RESOLUTION OF
CENTRAL PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE
[Text] The results of a recent investigation of the implementation of the
emergency mobilization in the various localities have been quite unsatisfactory.
Beyond the brief comments made by the War Service Committee in a letter
addressed to the localities, the People's Committee points out more gravely
that the primary factor in this state of affairs is errors in political
understanding:
1. The gravity of the enemy's large-scale assault has in general been taken
too lightly, this reflects the extremely backward peace-at-any-price attitude
among the masses which holds that while the enemy is not here it is business
as usual, and which naturally makes them unable to carry out urgent tasks.
2. In the border areas which have been subject to enemy invasion and
harassment, there has been panic and disorganization. This results from
failing to understand the current situation, which is favorable to revolution,
a lack of confidence in the revolution, and defeatist mood, and it hinders
the carrying out of mobilization work.
3. There is incorrect understanding of the attack policy; people consider
it to be solely the task of the Red Army, while they themselves sit by
and hope for a Red Army victory. In the border regions there is even more
an attitude of depending on the Red Army and taking no active measures
oneself to attack the enemy outside. With this idea of waiting, it is
impossible to carry out a policy of attack from all sides, and it results
in the complete neglect of all emergency mobilization work.
The People's Committee calls upon governments at all levels and the local
military leadership organs to carry on a resolute and ruthless struggle
against these political errors, to oppose all under-rating of the enemy's
large-scale offensive and particularly the backward consciousness of peace-
at-any-price that considers that the enemy is still far off, to resolutely
oppose panic and disorganization in the face of enemy assaults and the
conservative idea of waiting, for these things are the most dangerous to
the implementation of the emergency mobilization to smash the enemy's
large-scale attacks.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
The People's Committee gravely calls upon governments at all levels and
the local military leadership organs to arrive at a profound understanding
of the enemy's current active building of motor roads, organization of
military outposts and transport, organization and expansion of armed
landlords, development of anti-communist groups and communist eradication
militia all around the Soviet areas, enforced collection of large sums for
the army, and transfers of large numbers of troops. Of particular
importance, he has stepped up his attacks on Kan-Tung-Pei, Hsiang-o-Kan,
and the Hsiang-Kan Soviet area.; this is an indication of the enemy's ever
more thorough deployment of his large-scale attack on the central Soviet
and his preparations for a protracted effort. We must reach a profound
understanding that this attack to smash the enemy's large-scale assault
will be a prolonged, hard and bitter struggle, a critical juncture in the
class struggle. We must devote all our strength to the struggle for
victory in this war.
We must also point out that although this enemy attack has the direct
assistance of imperialism and has increased its armed strength, politically
and internally they are much weaker than in the third campaign, and the
troops with which the enemy is attacking the Soviet areas are ripe with
disaffection and indecisiveness. The development of the nationwide
revolution and the concurrent expansion and growth in strength of the
Soviet Red Army are conditions especially beneficial to us; if we can
mobilize all our forces to make sacrifices for the war we can win a
complete victory and realize our initial victory in Kiangsi.
In investigating mobilization work we discovered another grave state of
affairs, namely a failure to mobilize the masses politically or move them
organizationally, adopting instead a work style which is divorced from the
masses and involves coercing them and ordering them around. Furthermore
the development of this work style is closely connected with the above-
mentioned political errors:
1. Having failed to understand the gravity of the enemy's large-scale
assault, they naturally cannot understand the importance of mobilizing
the whole range of the worker-peasant masses, and they do not proceed to
the broad mobilization work on a foundation of mass mobilization.
2. Leadership organs at all levels, in dealing with subordinate officials,
adopt a leadership style of simply issuing an order or sending down a
resolution or a plan, with no indication or investigation of any of the,
concrete methods of carrying it out, or of the methods of mobilizing the
masses. On occasion, they even simply order that it be done, perhaps making
use of threats or punishments. This in turn causes the subordinates to
coerce the masses even more, and cases of ordering the masses around are
appearing everywhere.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
3. If people have a. haphazard and disorganized work style and do not make
use of mass meetings of the electorate, representative assemblies, and all
the various mass groups to mobilize the masses and strengthen mobilization
of the masses, they will inevitably end up coercing the masses and ordering
them around.
4. Because people have a bureaucratic work style, they are inevitably
unable to take pains with the mobilization of the masses, but in an effort
to find the easy way they resort to coercion and issuing orders instead.
These phenomena have appeared quite frequently in the emergency mobilization.
It is quite clear that in responding to the Central Government's emergency
mobilization order, they have not convened congresses of the electorate,
representative assemblies, and mass meetings of the Red Guards and the
Young Pioneers and the various mass groups to make detailed reports and
explanations and carry out thorough political agitation efforts; even now
a majority of the masses do not understand about the enemy's large-scale
assault, which naturally means that all the mobilization work is unable to
stand on a foundation of mass activism and achieve full realization. In
expanding the Red Army, for example, we will not be able to fulfill the
prescribed plans, will not be able to induce able-bodied man and women of
the worker-peasant masses eagerly and spontaneously to join the Red Guards
and the Young Pioneers, but rather will resort to threat of punishment to
compel them to go to the drill field. Of particular importance, in collecting
the land tax and in issuing bonds, we did not do thorough political
propagandizing in advance, to assure that all worker-peasant elements under-
stood why they should pay the land tax and buy bonds. When we were collecting
the tax and issuing the bonds we also failed to convene the various kinds of
meetings and make use of the urban and rural representative assemblies to
agitate the masses, so that they would pay the tax and buy large numbers of
bonds of their own accord; and when doubts arose among the masses we did not
give them detailed explanations, but rather resorted to compelling the rich
pea.sa.nts and capitalists, and then extended it to the worker-peasant masses.
This brought about a grave situation of being divorced from the masses, and
it actually increased the difficulties of collecting the land tax and issuing
the bonds. This in turn affected all other aspects of the mobilization work.
This is a. grave problem indeed.
In this practice of coercing people and ordering them around has not only
appeared in the emergency mobilization but is also common in all types of
work in the Soviets. This kind of work style has been fostered by the fact
that the various leadership organs have, in their leadership, fallen into
? a grave kind of bureaucra.tism, and in their acceptance and implementation
of orders from their superiors, they either pass them along routinely or
even unopened, and do not call a meeting to discuss concrete methods of
implementing them in accordance with the local situation, so as to direct
their subordinates' work. As to the results of their implementation, they
never investigate them or a.sk how they have turned out, but simply try to
let things drift. All of their execution of orders depends simply upon
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
giving orders, and all work at all times is simply done routinely with the
holding of routine meetings. This is out-and-out bureaucratism.
Burea.ucratism alienates the masses and destroys the connection between the
Soviets and the masses. It does the greatest harm to the cause of the
Soviet's victory and progress. Doing work in a perfunctory way, using
coercion and commands, is an important expression of bureaucratism, and
it absolutely must not be allowed to exist in the Soviet government. Such
bureaucratism has crept into the Soviet governments:
1. By infection of China's semi-feudal society and Kuomintang bureaucratism.
2. Because the peasants are trapped in disorganization and lack the
organization and discipline of the proletariat.
3. Because there is a lack of the spirit of hard struggle and people simply
try to devise short-term solutions so that bureaucratism creeps into the
Soviet organs and expands daily.
The People's Committee calls upon Soviet organs at all levels and the broad
masses of workers and peasants to wage a determined struggle in common
against bureaucratism and to expunge it from the Soviet organs, driving
out all incorrigible decadent bureaucratic elements so as to consolidate
the power of the worker-peasant Soviets and also create a new work style
in the Soviets. To this end, they must:
1. Build in all their work upon mobilization of the masses, for anyone who
neglects mass mobilization work becomes divorced from the masses.
2. In carrying out decrees and resolutions, do not simply resort to commands,
but rely heavily upon a raising of the masses' class consciousness and
enthusiasm to support the carrying out of decrees.
3. In mobilizing the masses, make use of thorough political propaganda and
agitation work.
4. In mobilizing the masses, utilize all organizations in the Soviets and
all mass groups to mobilize .the masses; the urban and rural representative
assemblies and mass meetings of the electorate are tools for direct mobiliza-
tion of the masses, and the labor unions are the cornerstone of mass
mobilization.
5. In carrying out every decision, adhere to practical possibilities, opposing
every impractical and non-concrete resolution as well as all unprepared and
fruitless routine meetings.
6. In carrying out orders, give full attention to the methods of mobilizing
the masses and also to the opinions of the masses as reference material in
determining methods of carrying them out.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
7. When receiving an order or a resolution from superiors, immediately hold
a meeting and conduct a detailed discussion to determine the concrete methods
for carrying it out.
8. In carrying out orders, constantly investigate the work to see whether
it is successful or not and see whether there are any errors or unsound parts.
9. In all work, divide up labor in a way consonant with the conditions of
the work, not only among the departments and the working comrades, but also
in directing subordinates.
10. In directing subordinates, be practical and concrete and issue workable
instructions liberally.
11. Refrain from constantly issuing documents, but make inspection tours
and give guidance. These tours should not be junkets, and they should not
stand on the sidelines and criticize, but should responsibly investigate
the work and help subordinates in resolving work difficulties.
12. Organize working groups to give direct assistance to the subordinates.
The responsibility of the working groups is to get the work done well where
they are, not to engage in idle criticism of others and do no work themselves.
The work style of the-working groups should be to concentrate forces and do
the work well at one place before proceeding to another. They should divide
up the labor so that each person does one part, and they should do their
work well in every place they go to.
13. Refrain from holding disorganized meetings. Meetings should be prepared
for, should have results, and should be conducted in a practical way.
14. In holding mass meetings, make thorough preparations in advance. All
political agitation should conform to the demands of the masses and be
connected with the masses' own interests. Speeches should be simple and
clear and effective as agitation.
The work style of the Soviets should have a mass nature, be practical,
organized, disciplined and characterized by a firm determination for bitter
struggle; all approaches divorced from the masses are bureaucratic work style.
The People's Committee calls upon Soviet organs at all levels to mobilize
urgently and oppose all erroneous understanding and slack behavior relative
to the enemy's large-scale assault, to eradicate bureaucratism in the Soviet
organs, and to struggle to create a Soviet working style and quickly complete
all work under the emergency mobilization order.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
All Soviet organs, from the provincial to the township level, on receipt of
this resolution, shall immediately hold a meeting to examine their own work
and in a spirit of self-criticism to expose all errors of work and shall
determine concrete methods for carrying it out and shall report the results
of the discussions to the Central Committee.
Chairman, Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen, Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
29 November 1932
8430
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ON INVESTIGATION OF ELECTION MOVEMENTS AT VARIOUS LEVELS--RESOLUTION OF
CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
[Text] It is almost 2 months since the Central Government proclaimed on
20 September that the governments at the various levels should individually
carry out replacement elections for the governments, in accordance with
election regulations. On investigating the results of these elections, it
appears:
1. That not a single county has completed.the elections in accordance with
Directive No 16.
2. That the election movements at all levels have been peaceful and the
masses have not been mobilized through struggle to participate in the
elections.
3. The election movement has been entirely separated from the urgent tasks
of the current war, and either all war mobilization work has been neglected
because of the election or the elections have been put off on account of
the press of mobilization work. (Wan-t'ai [8001 3141], for instance, had
to hold the elections after the issue of bonds.)
4. Election regulations were not adhered to, the electing was not done by
the electorate, the designation of representatives was done perfunctorily,
and alien or newly reformed elements were even selected as representatives.
(For example the Hui-ch'ang [2585 2490] county congress.)
5. At the provincial and county levels, the election movement showed signs
of perfunctoriness and passivity.
On the basis of the above circumstances, this election has achieved nothing,
which clearly indicates that the governments at the various levels have not
understood politically that the replacement elections and the reinforcing of
the local Soviet governments are a basic foundation for leading the worker-
peasant masses in smashing the enemy's large-scale attack. It also reveals
starkly the bureaucratism in the implementation of the directive by Soviets
at all levels.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
The Central Executive Committee believes that reinforcing the local Soviet
governments will create a powerful lever in the current effort to lead the
worker-peasant masses in thoroughly smashing the enemy's large-scale attack.
Furthermore, if we examine the past three campaigns, there were alien
elements concealed in the Soviet organs which led to countercurrents and
other grave occurrences, and accordingly we have decided to carry out a
strict investigation of this election movement. In all cases which fail
according to the following conditions, they will be declared invalid and
new elections will have to be held.
1. Elections where the broad mass of the electorate has not been mobilized
to hold mass electoral meetings.
2. When those elected have not been elected with the agreement and support
of the majority of the electorate. (As recently in several locations where
a list of names has been presented or even promulgated by the higher levels
and presented to the electoral meetings. This is a form of monopolizing
the proceedings which is at variance with the electoral spirit.)
3. When those elected are 'not resolute revolutionaries and active workers
from among the worker-peasant masses. (Those who go AWOL, who join all
kinds of activities in peacetime but are not active [in wartime].)
As for the new elections and the regulations in Directive No 16, those
places which were to have held replacement elections and.have not held them
must immediately hold them, and this replacement election movement should
in particular be made into an extensive movement of the leadership organs
to mobilize the masses in order to implement the emergency war mobilization
and to resolutely smash the enemy's large-scale attack. Accordingly, in
the election the following work should be done:
1. In rural and urban elections extensive political mobilization work
should be done among the masses, including:
(a) Calling upon the masses all to actively come and participate in
the election movement and set up a powerful government which can truly
carry out all decrees in order to secure the thorough realization of the
labor law and the land law.
(b) Make the worker-peasant masses understand that the Soviet government
is their government and if bad men are elected to do the work they will not
be able to consider everybody's interests.
(c) The right to vote is a right of the workers and peasants and those
who have it can obtain a great deal of power; the right to vote has been
seized from the rich peasants, landlords and capitalists, so that the
landlords have received no land, the rich peasants have received bad land,
the capitalists hold no positions, and accordingly everyone should not give
up their power.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
2. The political mobilization should be begun by an announcement to the
masses in every village and on every street that the labor unions and poor
peasants' associations and all groups should come to a meeting to discuss
election questions, so that all the masses will know that a replacement
election is being held in that town or township, will all understand the
importance of the election; and so that when the time comes everybody will
go vote of their own accord.
3. Investigation of voting rights should be used to mobilize the masses
to struggle against hidden rich peasants and all alien elements and
participate actively in the election.
4. At election time, the election should not only be carried out according
to the procedures defined in the detailed election regulations, by means of
investigation work, particularly regarding all decrees and regarding the
protection of the interests of the worker-peasant masses, the masses should
be mobilized to criticize the work of their past representatives and govern-
ment, to oppose bureaucratism, and to seriously support those they want
elected.
5. The election movement and the mass election meetings should be used to
report on and discuss the Center's emergency mobilization order, to stimulate
mass activism, and to carry on the war mobilization.
6. As regards [23 characters deleted], the masses should be led to an
understanding that the enemy's large-scale attack is to oppose the Soviets
and to recover the landlords' and capitalists' power to oppress the workers
and peasants; the political consciousness of the masses and their determina-
tion to struggle against the enemy should be raised, so that they will
resolutely struggle to the end to preserve the interests of the land
revolution and support Soviet power.
7. The holding of congresses at the district and county levels should be
based on a successful carrying out of urban and rural electoral movements,
and in the district and county congresses all formalism should be stamped
out, and investigation of past work and discussing the carrying out of the
emergency war mobilization and of all decrees should be made part of the
meeting. The items for resolution should not be long, but should be
practical and concrete.
8. The election of committees should not be carried out in a haphazard
way. Many workers, farm laborers and toilers, and women and poor and
middle peasant cadres should be elected. Furthermore, a purely formal
treatment of class membership should be corrected, and no attention should
be given to the further consideration of work capacity or mass beliefs in
the matter of class membership.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
9. After the district and county elections, strict investigation should be
made of class memberships and occupation of all other working personnel.
Alien and shiftless elements should immediately be replaced.
The Center enjoins the province and county governments to carry out the
above resolutions strictly. All inspection personnel and work groups have
the responsibility for investigating all local election movements; they
should treat the election movement and the reinforcement of local Soviets
as an inseparable aspect of the emergency mobilization order.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen, Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
1 December 1932
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
IN COMMEMORATION OF THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE CANTON AND NING-TU RIOTS--
ORDER NO 36 OF CENTRAL PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE
[ Text] The 11th of December will be the fifth anniversary of the Canton riots,
which opened a new stage in the Soviet revolutionary movement -- that of the
first Chinese Soviet. The 14th is the anniversary of the Ning-tu [1337 675]
riots, China's first solders' riots. They shook the reactionary rule of the
imperialist Kuomintang, and even more importantly, hastened the collaspe of
the Kuomintang warlords, and launched new Soviet victories. Because that day
is close to the anniversary of the Canton riots, the People's Committee has
decided that 11 December will be a holiday and the anniversary of the Ning-tu
riots will be commemorated along with the Canton riots. Huge commemoration
demonstrations and mass meetings will be held, and the implementation of the
war mobilization movement will be intensified. Of special importance, during
the commemoration maximum strength should be devoted to instituting work in the
White areas and White armies, so as to win over the revolutionary soldiers in
the White armies surrounding the Soviets and disintegrate the armies of the
enemy's large-scale assault, in order to thoroughly destroy the imperialist
Kuomintang's large-scale assault and realize the Soviets' initial victory in
Kiangsi and neighboring provinces and regions. It is so ordered.
All Soviet governments
All Red Army units.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
2 December 1932
oRed China, No 43, 5 Dec 1932
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
[ Text] Now, in order to unify finances, and to maintain a constant under-
standing of the financial state of all Soviets, and to facilitate overall
financial planning and control, the Financial People's Committee has determined
that next January lst a national treasury shall be established to carry out
X plan X. All revenues will be paid to treasury branches and will be controlled
by the Center. This is an important basis for setting up unified finances.
Government organs at all levels and all Red Army units and all local armed
associations must understand thoroughly that starting 1 January the major political
and military work of the united finances shall be managed according to the trea-
sury regulations and accounting rules promulgated by the Financial People's Com-
mittee:
1. All expenditures by all organs and all units must be budgeted in advance ac-
cording to the various systems and reported to superiors. Without obtaining a
draft from the Financial People's Committee, absolutely no withdrawals from the
branch treasuries or temporary loans may be made. Violators shall be considered
as sabotaging the financial unification.
2. All independent local guerrilla units' and all local armed associations' ex-
penses must be on a self-supporting basis; but funds raised by local armed or-
ganizations also shall be paid over to the military organs for planned allocation.
3. If some local armed associations by reason of temporary difficulties cannot
support themselves, they must make a budget and report it to the military dis-
trict
to receive a disbursement, They cannot under any circumstances take it
upon themselves to draw from the branch treasuries.
4. Financial departments at all levels must direct and supervise their subor-
dinate organizations in an even more planned way, intensify the collection of
all revenues, and develop financial sources. They may not, because of the
availability of disbursements from above, relax in the matter of collecting re-
venues. Violations will be considered sabotage.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
5. Budgets at all levels must be reported by a set date, and all expenditures
must be made item by item in accordance with the specific amounts authorized
by the higher authorities.
All organizations and units must faithfully comply with and carry out the above.
It is so ordered.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
27 December 1932
oRed China, No 46, 7 Jan 1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ON STRICT CONTROL OF DEPARTING PERSONS--ORDER NO 37.OF CENTRAL PEOPLE'S
COMMITTEE
[Text] We are now in the tense period in which the imperialist Kuomintang is
mounting large-scale attaks on the Central Soviet, and we must naturally take
extra care concerning people'departing from the Soviet. They must be subjected
to close examination and not allowed to leave the area at will. This is to pre-
vent oppressive gentry, landlords and all counterrevolutionary elements from
departing freely from the area and engaging in counterrevolutionary activities.
In order to consolidate the Soviets and protect the interests of the worker-
peasant masses, the Provisional Central Government has laid down regulations
for people departing from the Soviet areas as follows:
1. All persons departing from the Soviet areas must have an exit visa from the
State Political Security Office and a travel pass from the government before
they are allowed to go. If they have only the visa and not the travel pass,
or especially if they have only the travel pass and not the visa, they shall
not be allowed to go.
2. The State Political Security Office and its provincial and county branches
(the district special sepresentatives have no power to issue visas) must sub-
ject all persons requesting to depart to close examination, and only those who
are determined to have a need to go outside the area may be issued exit visas.
The route by which they are to depart must be specified on the visa.
3. Provincial, county and district governments (the township governments have
no power to issue travel passes) should issue travel passes to leave the area
to people with only State Political Security Office visas who request them only
in accordance with the route specified on the visa, and not otherwise. The dis-
trict governments in particular, when drawing up exit passes, must investigate
thoroughly to assure that the persons are really transients or departing persons
from that district whose route must pass through that district, and are not
people who have purposely fled to that district from other districts to obtain
travel passes, before they issue them. All local governments, security offices
at all levels, all military organs and all investigative organs are charged
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
with complying fully with the above points in order to intensify the Red martial
law. This is most essential. It is so ordered.
Soviet governments at all levels
State Political Security Offices at all levels
All military organs
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
27 Dec 1932
oRed China, No 46, 7 Jan 1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ON STARTING SPRING PLANTING EARLY IN ORDER TO CONCENTRATE FORCES TO SMASH
ENEMY LARGE-SCALE ATTACKS--DIRECTIVE NO 18 OF CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
[Text] The revolutionary war has reached an extremely tense crisis, and the
imperialist Kuomintang is mounting a large-scale attack on the Central Soviet
with all its strength. Because it is trying to save its moribund rule, this
bitter class struggle is now undergoing a sharp development. This campaign
is a do-or-die struggle for the enemy, much more violent than the first, second
or third campaign, and in order to thoroughly smash the enemy's attack and win
an even greater victory we must mobilize the broad masses of workers and peasants
and use all our strength to wage a resolute, bitter, protracted struggle against
the enemy. However, spring planting is not far off, and the spring planting
period is likely to the most intense period of the war. Accordingly, in order
to allow the broad masses of workers and peasants to do their planting safely
and to quickly finish their spring planting work and concentrate all their
forces without any distracting concerns to destroy the enemy attacks, the Central
Government has determined that within all the Soviet areas.all spring planting
shall be begun early. Measures should be taken to increase production and speed
up the work as much as possible, since we expect in a short time to greatly in-
crease the food harvest in the Soviet areas, in order to secure the provisioning
of the Red Army, improve the daily life of the worker-peasant masses, and guarantee
the complete victory of the revolutionary war. Accordingly this decision is of
especially great importance, and governments at all levels must work with all
mass organizations, such as the Rural Laborers' Unions, the Poor Peasants' Assoc-
iations to make the greatest efforts at mobilizing all the masses to fully imple-
ment the following measures:
2. Sowing and setting of rice seedlings must be done one month earlier than
last year.
3. Each family must ready enough fertilizer and select its best seeds, so
that it will not only be able to greatly increase production but can facilitate
rapid sowing and setting of rice seedlings
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
4. The masses everywhere must institute mutual aid in planting, and assist
each other with labor, seeds, draft animals and tools, so as to quickly carry
out the spring planting work.
5. The masses must be mobilized to plant the Red Army's public fields and
the land belonging to Red Army families at the earliest possible moment. Not
an inch must be left unattended.
Governments at all levels must devise more concrete methods of convening the
Rural Laborers' Unions, Poor Peasants' Associations and electoral mass meetings
for extensive propaganda and agitation, setting up revolutionary emulation
and offering prized according to their specific situations. The hsiangs and
persons whose land is plowed first, and whose dikes are repaired first,
whose fertilizer and seeds are readied first, who complete their sowing
and setting of seedlings first, shall be awarded prizes by the county district
governments. It is especially important that the localities where land
determination has not been fully completed should immediately complete the
distribution, to avoid hindering spring planting. It is so ordered.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
28 December 1932
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
RENAME NING-TU HSIEN PO-SHENG COUNTY AND CONVENE A MEMORIAL MEETING TO
COMMEMORATE COMRADE CHAO PO-SHENG--ORDER NO 15 OF CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
[Text] Comrade Chao Po-sheng [6392 0590 3932], Deputy General Commander of
the 5th Corps and leader of the 13th Army, was a leader in the Ning-tu
[1337 6757] soldiers' riots and the creator of the 5th Corps of the Chinese
Workers-Peasant Red Army. At this time, our Red Army has won successive
great victories at Nan-fu [0589 2329] and Chin-hsi [6855 3005], destroying
and routing main force units of the enemy's large-scale attack on the Central
Soviet--the reorganized warlord 90th division and warlord Chiang's 14th
and 27th divisions had moved close to Fu-nan [2329 0589] city--and so began
this year's great victories by smashing the enemy's large-scale attack.
Unfortunately, Comrade Chao Po-sheng sacrificed his life in the Nan-ch'eng
[0589 1004] campaign, in which he led all of his fighters in a heroic and
determined hand-to-hand battle with the enemy, and with numerically inferior
forces put to flight a full division of warlord Chiang Kai-shek's main
units--the 14th Division--thereby completing the complete victory of our
main-force army in the environs of Fu-chou [2329 1558]. In order to
commemorate Chao Po-sheng's glorious feats of leading the Ning-chou riots
and heroically sacrificing his life for the revolution, the Provisional
Central Government has decided to change the name of Ning-tu Hsien to
Po-sheng Hsien. In addition, in the course of this year's Li Lu [2621 4151]
commemoration (the 21st) all Soviets will hold a memorial service and proclaim
the establishment of Po-sheng County. It is so ordered.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairman Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
13 January 1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
DECLARATION OF THE REVOLUTIONARY MILITARY COMMISSION OF THE WORKER-PEASANT
RED ARMY OF THE PROVISIONAL CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
17 January 1933
[Text] Masses of all China! With the open assistance of the English and
French imperialists and the League of Nations, the Japanese imperialists
have begun the invasion of North China. This is a further extension of the
imperialist bandits' aggression aimed at complete dismemberment and enslave-
ment of all China. It has resulted in the massacre of large numbers of.peace-
ful inhabitants, the destruction of cities and villages, and an increase in
suffering and famine.. The tragedy of Shanghai and Manchuria is being
repeated with extreme cruelty on a large part of China's soil.
Because of failure to resist and surrender on the part of the Kuomintang
warlords Chiang Kai-shek and Chang Hsueh-liang, because of their repression,
dispersion and massacre of soldiers resisting the Japanese, large numbers
of Chinese soldiers have died under the guns of the imperialists. The
Kuomintang warlords have assisted the Japanese and the other imperialists
in their further aggression and their massacres, while using all their
strength to suppress the anti-imperialist struggle, the goods boycott and
the organized armed militia.
The Kuomintang government and its politicians offer as one explanation of
their evil deeds and treasonous collaboration the idea that the existence
of the Chinese soviets makes them unable to mobilize all their forces for
national defense, so that Chiang Kai-shek is unwilling to fight the
Japanese warlords while he uses an army of almost a million men to attack
the Chinese workers and peasants who have already set up their soviet
government.
But the Chinese masses want to defend themselves, and many units and many
hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops have opposed the massacre of
their own brothers and sisters and supported armed resistance to Japanese
imperialism.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
They are beginning to understand that only a national revolutionary struggle
of the armed masses can victoriously resist the aggression of the Japanese
imperialists. The Chinese soviet government and the revolutionary military
committee denounce the Kuomintang's explanation as a stupid lie by which
they hope to conceal their treasonous activities from China's masses.
The Chinese Soviet Government and the revolutionary. military committee
once more remind the Chinese masses that last April we called upon China's
masses to wage an armed struggle in common with us against Japanese
imperialism, and that Chiang Kai-shek's response to this call was to
mobilize all his troops to attack the Chinese. worker-peasant government and
the Worker-Peasant Red Army rather than to attack Japanese imperialism.
The Chinese soviet government and the Worker and Peasant Red Army military
commission declare before the Chinese masses that the Chinese Worker-
Peasant Red Army is prepared to conclude a wartime agreement with any armed
unit to oppose the invasion of the Japanese imperialists under the follow-
ing conditions.
1. That it immediately stop attacking the Chinese soviet areas.
2. That it immediately guarantee the democratic rights of the masses (those
of assembly, association, speech, strike and publication).
3. That it immediately arm the masses and form armed militia to protect
China and win.Chinese independence, unification and territorial integrity.
We request that the Chinese masses and soldiers support this call and wage
a united national revolutionary struggle to gain China's independence, unity
and territorial integrity, coordinate the struggle against Japan and all
imperialists with the struggle against the treason and surrender of the
imperialists' running dogs the KMT warlords, and extend the armed national
revolutionary struggle against Japan and all imperialists.
Provisional Chinese Soviet Central Government
Chairmen Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
Chairman of the Chinese Worker-Peasant Red Army Military Affairs Commission
Chu Te
17 Jan 1933
'Red China, No 48, 28 Jan 1933
*Reference Materials on the History of the Chinese Revolution, Third Series,
Great Chinese People's University 1957
"Soviet.China," Soviet Union Foreign Workers Publishing House, Moscow 1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ON THE LENDING OF GRAIN TO THE RED ARMY BY THE REVOLUTIONARY MASSES
Directive No 20 of the Central Executive Committee
1 March 1933
[Text] From government reports from many localities in the two provinces
of Kiangsi and Fukien and numerous requests from revolutionary groups every-
where, the Central Government has concluded that the imperialist KMT is
now conducting large-scale attacks and engaging in large-scale burning,
slaughter, and pillage against the masses in the soviet areas. Lung-yen
county in Fukien has been totally devastated, with incalculable losses to
the masses. Hsi-nan District in Yung-ting has lost more than 20,000 tan
of.grain taken away by the White armies. In Kiangsi, during the last 3
campaigns, the White troops killed several thousand people, burned tens
of thousands of houses and pillaged tens of thousands of tan of grain and
several tens of thousands of head of livestock. At present, several hundred
thousand White troops under Chiang Kai-shek and Ch'en Chi-t'ang have begun
to storm into the soviet areas, burning, massacring and. plundering. Our
heroic Red Army is now engaged in bitter combat with the White troops every-
where, but it is short on grain and only if the revolutionary masses every-
where are willing to undertake to limit their grain consumption and lend
grain to the Red Army so as to completely destroy the vicious White armies
and thoroughly smash the imperialist KMT's large-scale attack, can we pre-
vent the masses in the soviet areas from being crushed.
On the basis of the above-mentioned opinion of the masses, the Central
Government has decided to accept this request of the masses, and it has
determined that the revolutionary masses shall of their own accord lend
grain in the following manner:
1. Grain is something that every peasant household has, so lending grain
is much easier than lending money, especially when the masses are resisting
the brutality of the White armies and revolutionary fervor is at a high
pitch. The governments of all localities should work together with all
the mass organizations to carry out this movement, and within 3 months each
county must complete the lending of grain by the masses, because during
this time the warfare will become much more intense.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
2. The carrying out of this grain lending movement must be based on excel-
lent agitation and propaganda work. The phrasing of the propaganda must
be highly colloquial and every method must be used, such as performing new
plays, making speeches in costume, putting up slogans, and issuing illus-
trated flyers, etc., to make all those masses who have not yet requested to
lend grain understand, and so that it will become a large-scale spontaneous
movement of all the masses to lend grain. As to those masses who have not
yet spontaneously made their request, it is absolutely forbidden to subject
them to such command-ist methods as forced-loan confrontations instead of
propagandizing them. If forced-loan confrontation methods are used not.
only will the Soviet government become divorced from the masses, but less
grain will surely be obtained than if propaganda were used.
3. Allocation of quotas for grain lending must be determined in accordance
with each locality's actual situation and the capacity of the masses to
lend grain. It cannot be a uniform quota throughout. In the old soviet
areas, quotas should be allocated on the basis of rice production, with
rich producing areas lending more, and comparatively smaller producing
areas lending less. In the new soviet areas, account should be taken of
the masses' understanding of the revolution and whether or not struggle
has penetrated deeply. The areas where the struggle has gone deep should
lend more than those where it has not. As to border areas, determination
should be made on the basis of whether or not they have been subject to
counterrevolutionary devastation and plunder. Those areas that have been
severely devastated need not lend; those who have suffered less should lend
a suitable amount according to their circumstances. Only in this way can
we make the masses understand that lending grain to the government truly
serves to protect their own interests, make them eagerly give it, and avoid
the occurrence of difficulties and bad influences in doing the work.
4. On receipt of this directive, governments at all levels must immediately
and in accordance with the methods outlined summon the chairmen of all
townships to a joint meeting to plan allocation of quotas and must send
persons to all districts and townships to hold congresses and meetings of
poor peasants associations, agricultural laborers associations and the
electorate, and to propagandize and explain to the people of those locali-
ties the eagerness of the masses elsewhere to lend grain and their methods
of doing it, as well as organizing emulation so that everyone will lend
grain eagerly.
5. The grain that is lent shall be handled as follows in the various areas:
a. In Kiangsi
1. Po-sheng, Shih-ch'eng, Yu-tu, hui-ch'ang, Jui-chin, Sheng-li
and Hsing-kuo counties and southern Yun-feng shall all collect it at the
district government headquarters, and apart from a portion that shall be
given to the local hospital, government, [army] units and other state organs
for their expenses, the rest should be saved and handled according to
future orders of the central government.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
2. Kung-lueh, Wan-t'ai, and northern Yung-feng, Kan-hsien, I-huang,
Lo-an Nan-kuang, An-yuan, Hsun-wu: apart from a portion which shall be taken
out for the operating expenses of the local Red Army (paid for by the
government) government hospitals and various organs by the county govern-
ments after discussion of their needs and for assistance to the mass organi-
zations, the remainder may be sold at current market price.
1. In Ch'ang-t'ing and Ning-hua it shall be collected at the
district government headquarters and kept to be disposed of in accordance
with future orders of the central government; but in Shang-hang Hsin-ch'uan
and Wu-p'ing some shall be used to provision the local Red Army and govern-
ment organs and subsidize the mass organizations (given out according to
price) and the rest sold at the going price.
2. Proceeds from all grain sold at an estimated price must be
handed over to the treasury branch and a 5-copy receipt obtained from the
treasury branch as proof. No government at any level may appropriate the
.slightest amount, and if there is any unauthorized use of these funds or
if the price of the sale is reported as lower than it actually was, those
guilty of corruption and misconduct will be dealt with severely.
6. All local governments, hospitals and units and revolutionary mass
organizations which eat rice shall sell off these grains as quickly as
possible, but they must do it for cash and not on credit.
7. After the financial units at all levels have received grain borrowing
receipts from the central government financial department, they must set
up special grain borrowing accounts showing item by item the amount of
grain received from the masses, number of grain receipts issued to the
masses, amounts of grain issued to various organs, and amount of grain sold
and the price, in order to aid in keeping correct accounts. Money from the
grain sales handed over to the branch departments shall be put by the
treasury branches into a separate account named the "Masses' Grain Lending
Account" and must not be mixed in with special income or the Red Army's
public grain account.
8. All masses who lend grain shall receive a grain lending receipt issued
by the central government's Financial People's Committee as proof.
9. Anyone who receives a grain lending receipt shall be allowed in the
second half of 1933 to submit it as part of his land tax. Those which are
obtained after the tax or are left over after paying the tax shall be
redeemed for cash by the district government leadership at the proper
time.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
10. The grain loan receipts must bear the seal of the township soviet
chairman and may only be used to pay taxes in that district. Those that
do not bear this seal or are not from the district in question shall be
considered as void extra receipts.
11. The receipts shall be distributed by the county government depart-
ments in accordance with the situation of the masses and the grain in each
district. The districts in turn shall allocate them after discussion of
the situations of the various townships. The government leadership at every
level shall keep a record of all receipts issued, and if they hold receipts
for which grain has not been handed in these must be handed over; there
cannot be any discrepancies.
12. When the masses lend their grain they shall be given receipts in
return, and anyone who lends grain and does not receive one may complain
to the higher level governments and request strict enforcement. The grain
from the "three sheng of rice" movement collected in the various localities
since January of this year may be included in the amount of grain lent,
and receipts must be issued for it.
13. If rich peasants have had to make forced contributions they shall not
be made to lend grain.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
1 Mar 1933
?"Red China," No 58, 6 March 1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
OPPOSE JAPANESE IMPERIALISTS' OCCUPATION OF JEHOL AND ATTACK ON PEKING
AND TIENTSIN
Proclamation of Provisional Central Government
3 March 1933
[Text] To the masses of all China!
The 75mm artillery and great numbers of fighters and bombers of the Japanese
imperialists are now carrying out inhumane bombardment massacres in the
Jehol area! Eight Japanese imperialist divisions and two brigades, with
the support of several hundred aircraft, are now attacking Ch'eng-te
from three directions! The KMT generals continue to follow their shame-
less policy of non-resistance and retreat step by step, giving up K'ai-lu,
Pei-p'iao and Ch'ao-yang, and have abandoned hundreds of thousands of
peaceful inhabitants and anti-Japanese soldiers to be trodden under the
iron hoofs of Japanese imperialism, crushed and massacred!
Masses of all China! More than half of Jehol has already fallen into the
hands of the Japanese imperialists, and all of North China is at a life-
or-death crisis, and the tragic fate of colonial slavery directly threatens
the toiling masses of all China!
Masses of all China! The imperialists' bandit war to invade and enslave
all of China is now being frenziedly waged, and only one road lies before
us: to arm ourselves and wage a revolutionary national liberation war. Only
the armed strength of the millions of the masses can defeat the bandit war
of the Japanese and all imperialists to invade and enslave China and can
gain independence, liberation and territorial integrity for the Chinese
people! The provisional Chinese soviet government has repeatedly called
upon the masses of all China to arise and wage a victorious national
revolutionary war together with the Worker-Peasant Red Army and the toiling
masses of the soviets. In its most recent declaration it clearly declared
before the masses of China that the Chinese Worker-Peasant Red Army is
willing to conclude a conditional wartime agreement with all true anti-
Japanese units. But the KMT warlords and politicians have most shamelessly
knelt before the imperialists and betrayed China, practicing non-resistance
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
and surrender, have cut off the Three Eastern Provinces and sold out Shanghai
and massacred anti-Japanese and anti-imperialist worker-peasant masses and
revolutionary fighters, and forbidden the organization of all goods boycotts
and anti-Japanese militia. Now, at the very moment when the Japanese
imperialists are attacking Jehol with all their strength,. they even more
openly advocate abandoning Jehol and Peking and Tientsin; they protest
that this is a strategic necessity, while at the same time they attack the
Chinese worker-peasant masses and the worker-peasant government and Red
Army with dozens of divisions! The Soviet Government declares that it is
willing to draw up a wartime agreement with all truly anti-Japanese armies.
The KMT response to this declaration is to retreat step by step before the
iron hoofs of the Japanese imperialists, without dispatching a single
soldier to Jehol to resist the Japanese, but to dispatch the greater part
of its military force to Kiangsi and under the personal leadership of the
counterrevolutionary chieftain Chiang Kai-shek to wildly attack the soviet
areas! It is precisely because the soviet areas have called upon and
organized the anti-imperialist, anti-Japanese movement throughout the country
that the traitorous KMT government has, with increased ferocity, resorted
more and more to burning, slaughter and pillage, military adventurism and
economic blockade, with the aim of hindering the development of the soviet
movement, in order to break the main force of anti-imperialism and resistance
to Japan!
The KMT warlords and politicians plan to treat the soviet government's declara-
tion that it is willing to draw up a wartime treaty with all anti-Japanese
units as an expression of the Soviet government' and Worker-Peasant Red
Army's weakness; but this actually expresses their own obtuseness and
stupidity. The warfare of the last 2 days has taught these traitorous war-
lords a stern lesson: the 52nd and 59th divisions have been entirely
disarmed, and their commanders and staff officers have all been captured,
so that the 5th Army is a shambles. The soviet movement has gained the
support of millions of the masses, while the KMT warlords' military adven-
turism and economic blockade have only served to further stir up the
resistance of the toiling masses of.the entire country, and in addition
have created favorable conditions for the further advancement of the
soviet movement!
The Chinese Soviet Government is preparing to wage war directly against the
troops of the Japanese imperialists and to drive them out of China. Accord-
ingly, we must eliminate all reactionary armies and armed groups which
hinder us in doing battle with Japan! The Soviet Government and the
Worker-Peasant Red Army once more declare that they are willing to enter
into a wartime agreement with all truly anti-Japanese military forces, but
they will strike the gravest blows at all armies and armed groups which
encroach upon the soviet areas, to the point of completely destroying them!
We call upon our brothers among the fighters of the White armies! Rise and
oppose your treasonous officers, turn the guns around, join up with the
Red Army to oppose the bandit invasion of the Japanese imperialists and
drive them out of China!
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Masses of all China! Our brother fighters in the White armies! The
Provisional Soviet Central Government calls upon you to arise and wage
an armed national revolutionary war, to oppose Japanese imperialism and
the traitorous KMT rule! Oppose the attacks on the Chinese Worker-
Peasant Red Army and soviet areas! Support our call to struggle and
oppose your traitorous officers, arise on your own account and link up
with the Worker-Peasant Red Army to oppose Japanese imperialism's bandit
invasion! Oppose the attacking of the Soviet areas with even a single
soldier, a single rifle, a single shell! Demand that all the military
force of the entire country be dispatched to North China to oppose the
attack of Japanese imperialism! Spread the national revolutionary war
and opposition to Japan and all imperialism, and overthrow the imperialists'
running dogs, the KMT!
Chairman of the Provisional Chinese Soviet Central Government Mao Tse-tung
Vice Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
3 March 1933
?"Red China," No 59, 9 March 1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ON THE MATTER OF GRAIN REDISTRIBUTION AMONG THE PEOPLE TO KEEP UP THE
PROVISIONING OF THE ARMED FORCES
Order No 39 Of the People's Committee of the Provisional Central Government
4 March 1933
[Text] According to reports from various localities in various counties
in the soviet areas, a good many localities have recently forbidden the
transport of cereals and rice, and county A and county B have drawn a
boundary line between them; in many localities there has been a grain
famine, and prices have soared or grain cannot be bought at any price.
This is an extremely grave circumstance. Investigation indicates that in
the soviet areas the food situation is uneven, with surpluses in some
areas and shortages in others. In the border areas, where the enemy are
plundering and pillaging, there are rice famines. In the areas where the
Red Army is stationed and near hospitals food is even more in shortage.
Readjustment between the districts and the counties affects not only the
daily food of the ordinary masses, but is an extremely critical matter
affecting the provisioning of the Red Army and its hospitals and rear
area. It is therefore an absolutely indispensible condition for the
smashing of the enemy's fourth attack and accordingly is extremely criti-
cal.
The reasons that grain circulation has been hindered boil down to three:
1. The masses who are short on food are afraid that much will flow out
of their area, and in May and June they will have to eat high-priced
rice.
2. Those who have excess food wish to keep it for later, so as to get
high prices.
3. Rich peasants and traitorous merchants are manipulating and trying to
get profits, or even intentionally making trouble in order to subvert the
revolutionary war, and the governments of the various areas are not
investigating them. So as it turns out, people are afraid that in May
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
and June they will be eating high-priced rice, while in other places it
has come to that much earlier, and they are already eating rice at a high
price. In Yung-ting you can get 3 1/2 sheng for a yuan, whereas in Shang-
hang you can get 4 sheng for a yuan, in Ting-chou 7 sheng, and in Jui-
chin it is as high as 8, but in other rice-poor areas it gets more expen-
sive day by day. The workers in the cities have no land to farm but
make a living by selling their labor, and a whole family with young and
old, with that little bit of income from their labor, eats rice that
keeps getting more and more expensive. The entire Red Army is now on the
front line fighting a life-and-death struggle with the enemy, and relies
upon the rear area to keep sending up military provisions. The governments
of all areas must explain this fact to the masses in their areas: we
certainly want the whole soviet area to have food to eat, but we especially
want the Red Army to have food to eat, and only by joining forces with a
common purpose to smash the enemy can we move ahead. They must tell those
people who have extra grain not to.keep thinking of high prices when
people in other places are suffering hunger and the front lines are short
on military provisions; people can't stand by and watch without heeding.
They must know that it is bad for everybody, and if the Red Army doesn't
win, you can't achieve your own aims. As to the rich peasants and merchants,
they were unhappy when the government collected military provisions and
when the cooperatives redistributed the people's food, and they either
intentionally stored it away or secretly engaged in manipulation, or even
disseminated rumors on a large scale to stir up the masses. This is counter-
revolutionary activity and governments at all levels in all localities
must lead the revolutionary masses in dealing severely with these people.
They must know that the interests the whole and the interests of the war
take first place among all interests. The local governments and the masses
must understand this profoundly.
The central government has decided on a plan for grain distribution and
has set up a grain distribution office. All local governments must lead
the masses to quickly organize food cooperatives, and with the leadership
and assistance of the food redistribution offices they must strive to
carry out the redistribution. In addition to rice, they must ration salt
in order to prevent the rich peasants and traitorous merchants from
storing it away and manipulating the market; in order to guard against
the KMT's grave economic blockade, to regulate the people's food in
all areas, and to continue the provisioning of the front line. All local
governments must know that the central soviet's harvests were not rich
last year, and this year's spring famine problems will inevitably be
more serious. Leading the masses to.resolve this grave problem is a
major task for the soviet governments; from the provincial--level soviets
down to the urban and rural representative assemblies, all must conduct
detailed discussions, plan meticulously, propagandize broadly and carry
it out with great effort if we are to complete this task. This is an
extremely pressing question for the masses. It is the main key to smashing
the enemy's fourth encirclement campaign. In order to make the Soviet
Government into.a government which truly represents the masses' interests
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
and-which powerfully leads the war, we must avoid the slightest neglect
of this problem.
.The Central Government's Ministry of Interior shall not only issue this
report, but shall notify all local governments at all levels to earnestly
implement it. It is so ordered.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
4 March 1933
?"Red China," No 58, 6 March 1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ANOTHER CALL TO THE PEOPLE OF THE COUNTRY TO TAKE UP ARMS AND COMBAT
IMPERIALISM
4 March Proclamation of Provisional Central Government
4 March 1933
[Text] Masses of all China!
The 75 mm cannon and great number of fighters and bombers of the Japanese
imperialists are now inflicting inhumane bombardment massacres in the
Jehol area! Eight Japanese imperialist divisions with the support of
several hundred aircraft, are now attacking Ch'eng-te from three direc-
tions! The KMT generals continue to follow their shameless policy of
non-resistance and retreat step by step, giving up K'ai-lu, Pei-p'iao
and Ch'ao-yang, and have abandoned hundreds of thousands of peaceful
inhabitants and fighters actively resisting Japanese imperialism to be
trodden by the iron hoofs of Japanese imperialism, crushed and massacred!
Masses of all China! All of Jehol has now fallen into the hands of the
Japanese imperialists, and all of North China is at a life-or-death crisis.
The tragic fate of colonial slavery directly threatens the toiling masses
of all China!
'Masses of all China! The imperialists' bandit war to invade and enslave
all of China is now being frenziedly waged, and only one road lies before
us: to arm ourselves and wage a revolutionary national liberation war.
Only the armed strength of the millions of the masses can defeat the
bandit war Japanese and all imperialists. to invade and enslave China
and can gain independence, liberation and territorial integrity for the
Chinese peoplel
? The provisional Chinese Soviet government has repeatedly called upon the
masses of all China to arise and wage a victorious national revolutionary
war together with the Worker-Peasant Red Army and the toiling masses of
the soviets. In its most recent declaration it clearly declared before
the masses of China that the Chinese Worker-Peasant Red Army and the
toiling masses of the soviets. In its most recent declaration it clearly
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
declared before the masses of China that the Chinese Worker-Peasant Red
Army is willing to conclude a wartime agreement, under the simplest and
most essential conditions, with all true anti-Japanese armies. But the
KMT warlords and politicians have most shamelessly knelt before the
imperialists and betrayed China, practicing non-resistance and surrender.
(Hiatus) It is precisely because the soviet areas have called upon and
organized the anti-imperialist anti-Japanese movement throughout the coun-
try that the traitorous KMT government has, with increased ferocity,
resorted more and more to burning, slaughter and pillage, military adven-
turism and economic blockade, with the aim of hindering the development
of the soviet movement, in order to break the main force of anti-imperialism
and resistance to Japan! The KMT warlords and politicans plan to treat
the Soviet Government's declaration that it is willing to draw up a war-
time treaty with all anti-Japanese units as an expression of the Soviet
Government and Worker-Peasant Red Army's weakness; but this actually
expresses their own obtuseness and stupidity. The warfare of the last 2
months has taught these traitorous warlords a stern lesson: The 52nd
and 59th Divisions have been entirely disarmed and their commanders and
staff officers have all been captured, so that the 5th Army is a shambles.
The soviet movement has gained the support of millions of the masses, while
the KMT warlords' military adventurism and economic blockade have only
served to further stir up the resistance of the toiling masses of the
entire country.
The Chinese Soviet Government and the Worker-Peasant Red Army are preparing
to wage war directly against the troops of the Japanese imperialists and
to drive them out of China. Accordingly we must disarm all reactionary
armies which hinder us in doing battle with Japan. The Soviet Government
and the Worker-Peasant Red Army once more declare that they are willing
to enter into a wartime agreement with all truly anti-Japanese armies.
As to all armies and armed groups invading the soviet areas, we call upon
our brothers among the fighters of the White armies to rise and oppose
your treasonous officers, turn the guns around, join up with the Red Army
to oppose the bandit invasion of the Japanese imperialists and drive
them out of China! Masses of all China! Our brother fighters in the
White armies! The provisional soviet central government calls upon you
to arise and wage an armed national revolutionary war, to oppose Japanese
imperialism and the traitorous KMT rule, to oppose the attacks on the
Chinese Worker-Peasant Red Army and soviet areas! Support our call to
struggle and oppose your traitorous officers, arise on your own account and
link up with the Worker-Peasant Red Army to oppose Japanese imperialism's
bandit invasion! Oppose the attacking of the soviet areas with even
a single soldier, a single rifle, a single shell and demand that all the
military force of the entire country be dispatched to North China to
oppose the attack of Japanese imperialism! Spread the national revolu-
tionary war and opposition to Japan and all imperialism, and overthrow
the imperialists' running dogs the KMT!
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Chairman of the Provisional Chinese Soviet Central Government Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying,. Chang Kuo-tao
9 March at Jui-chin, Kiangsi
?"Soviet China" Soviet Union Foreign Workers Publishing House (Moscow)
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ON THE QUESTION OF SUPPRESSING INTERNAL COUNTERREVOLUTION
Directive No 21 of the Central Executive Committee of the Provisional
Central Government
[Text] At a time when the imperialist KMT warlords have carried out four
encirclement campaigns against the soviet areas throughout the country and
are now carrying out a large-scale attack against the Central Soviet
area, and when the struggle between revolution and counterrevolution has
arrived at the point of life-and-death struggle, the enemy is not only
applying military force but is also organizing counterrevolutionary activi-
ties in the soviet areas in a planned way, using the landlords, rich
peasants and merchants in the soviet areas to organize all sorts of
counterrevolutionary groups (the AB Group, the Social Democratic Party,
the Trotskyite Party and feudal superstitious groups like the I-hsin Hui
[0001 1800 2585] and Lan-tzu Hui [2036 1311 2585]), deceiving a minority
of backward masses, seizing opportunities to stir up trouble, and at the
same time sending scouts to penetrate the Soviet areas to ferret out
military intelligence. On the basis of recently discovered facts, such
as the people who shouted counterrevolutionary slogans at the mass meeting
in Ting-chou and the smashing and capture of a KMT county party branch
organ in Ting-thou, the discovery of similar reactionary posters in the
three localities of Jui-chin, Ting-chou and Ho't'.ien, the secreting
away of four rifles in the household of the Shih-ch'eng propaganda depart-
ment chief, the organization by the enemy of anti-revolutionary activities
in Nan-kuang [0589 1639] county which hindered all mass work and wartime
mobilization work, the plans of traitorous merchants in the Hui-ch'ang
area to carry on activities to subvert the soviet currency, the planned
money conversion by traitorous merchants in Jui-chin and Ting-chou,
the manipulation of commodity prices everywhere by traitorous merchants,
along with large-scale transfer of cash, and even the discovery of counter-
revolutionary subversive actions in certain of the local armed organiza-
tions, all of these recently discovered facts prove clearly that the enemy
is organizing counterrevolution in the soviet areas, and politically and
economically and in all ways he is carrying out pernicious plans to destroy
the Soviet and the revolution.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
But our soviet governments in all areas are completely lacking in vigilance
and still are paying insufficient attention to this grave counterrevolu-
tionary activity, and are even permitting it. The central government is
now gravely calling it to the attention of governments and their organs
for suppressing counterrevolutionaries at all levels that this past atti-
tude.of paying no attention to and permitting counterrevolutionary activi-
ties is totally impermissible, all governments and their organs for
purging counterrevolutionaries must immediately rectify these errors and
must immediately take steps to deal with counterrevolution in accordance
with the actual situation in their localities. In the districts and town-
ships and in particular in all the cities, whenever lurking counterrevolu-
tionary elements or their activities are encountered, resolute and rapid
measures must be taken to repress them severely, and when the situation
is pressing they must proclaim a temporary state of martial law and the
? soviet governments and all revolutionary organs must institute an armed
and mass-style defense. In order to sternly put down counterrevolution,
important counterrevolutionary elements must rapidly and unhesitatingly
be apprehended and punished and the nature of their crimes must be broadly
propagandized among the local masses. Governments in all localities
and at all levels and especially the urban and district and township govern-
ments, must propagandize the fact of the coordination of counterrevolution
activities within the soviet areas with the White armies outside, and
mobilize all the revolutionary masses to carry out the most stringent
oversight and surveillance over merchants, rich peasants and landlord
elements and to seek in all quarters for clues of counterrevolutionary
organization and activity. The soviet government organs for suppressing
counterrevolution must set up close relationships with the labor unions,
agricultural laborers' associations, poor peasant associations and other
revolutionary groups, because only if the broad masses under the leader-
ship of the government set to work enthusiastically can counterrevolutionary
organizations and activities be thoroughly extirpated. The judicial depart-
ments in all counties in the border areas must quickly deal with all
criminals already apprehended; and all elements whose crimes have been
clearly proven, starting with the alien class elements among them, must
immediately be put to death. The death sentences need not be carried out
according to.Article 26 of the Judicial Department's Temporary Regulations
on Organization and Judicial Activities, which requires permission from
the higher levels; the death sentences may be carried out first and the
cases reported to superiors afterward. As to the central districts,
accumulated cases must also be quickly dispatched and must not be allowed
to pile up again, nor must there be any delay of the speedy suppression
of counterrevolutionaries. In the central areas, in times of particular
distress death sentences may also be carried out and the superior authori-
ties informed afterwards. This is a measure which it is necessary for us
to take while the enemy are carrying out large-scale attacks, and it cannot
be regularly adopted in ordinary times.
Landlords and rich peasants in areas under attack by the enemy and border
areas must be dealt with separately. When they have actually engaged in
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
counterrevolutionary activities, they must immediately be apprehended and
severely punished, and not given leeway for the slightest bit of activity.
As to the other landlord and rich peasant elements about which nothing
counterrevolutionary has been discovered, the government in the locale
must stir up the masses to keep strict surveillance on their activities.
They should not all be apprehended, except if they exercise an unwholesome
influence or if it makes dealing with them later more difficult. The
central government confidently believes that in this attack of internal
and external counterrevolution on the revolution, we possess the conditions
to entirely smash them and win an all-round victory. We have the broad
masses of the people and the powerful Red Army, we have strong and con-
solidated government organs and we must use these powerful government organs
(central and local) to lead the millions of worker-peasant masses and the
Red Army to strike mortal blows against our internal and external enemies.
We have the precious experience of the past purges of counterrevolutionaries
and we must use these experiences to subject counterrevolutionary elements
within the soviet areas to stern repression and thorough extirpation.
Governments at all levels upon receiving this directive must immediately
and in the light of the concrete situation in their locality decide upon
the methods of implementing it, and must report on methods of implementation
through channels. It is so ordered.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Yung, Chang Kuo-tao
15 March 1933
"Red China," No 62, 18 March 1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ON MOBILIZING THE MASSES TO HELP GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL IN THEIR FARMING
WORK SO TO RELIEVE THE FAMILY DISTRESS OF GOVERNMENT WORK-PERSONNEL AND
INCREASE. GOVERNMENT WORK EFFICIENCY
Order No 18 of the Central Executive Committee, Provisional Central Govern-
ment
14 April 1933
[Text] In the current period of bitter struggle in the civil war, the
workers of the Soviet Government have been unable to pay out wages accord-
ing to individual labor, so that people's families have no economic assis-
tance. This spirit of bitter sacrifice on the part of workers in the
Soviet Government deserves praise. The situation everywhere tells us that
there are many poverty-stricken worker-peasant elements who are active
and have work ability, but since they are the main workers in their
families' production and have been bound by family labor and cannot come
to work in the government, so that the governments in some areas lack
such good work personnel and have chosen some not very active people, who
are lacking in work ability, for government work. The reason is that only
these people are not the main laborers in family production and are not
bound by the family labor, and accordingly they have been selected for
government work. In this way, the standard for selecting personnel has
departed from revolutionary activism and work ability and only depends on
the family being at leisure, a circumstance which is impermissible. There
is another, even more impermissible circumstance; in some localities at
election time the good elements, because of the press of their family liveli-
hood, are unwilling to be elected, and so bad elements come out, rich
peasants and vagabonds, and thus bore into the soviet organs. This is
going on in some localities. As to people from good class origins, active
in the revolution and capable in their work, they have taken on government
work, but because of family labor problems which. are unresolvable they
cannot work with an easy mind, a situation which is extremely widespread
(particularly at the district and township levels).
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
The central executive committee, on the basis of the above circumstances,
and in order to make the soviet government into an active and able govern-
ment, able to lead the broad masses of the people, under circumstances of
bitter struggle, to win a revolutionary victory, has resolved:
For all workers in the soviet governments at all levels, who want to
participate but whose families truly have no labor force or not enough,
after it is so determined, the local government must mobilize the masses
to do their families' farming for them or help their families do it,
(families whose labor force is sufficient are excluded), to the extent
that their family livelihood will not fall short of what it would be if
they themselves were present and working. For a 'concrete method, Point 4
of the Red Army "Good Treatment" points may be used ("For those with no
labor force, people shall be sent to help with all planting, irrigation,
and harvesting work; for those with insufficient labor force, supplemental
assistance according to their needs shall be given."). These people's
domestic worries should be alleviated so that they can do their government
work with their minds at ease. The use of this aid measure is aimed at
bringing large numbers of the people with good class background, revolu-
tionary activism and good work ability into the soviet governments at
all levels and strengthening the governments' work abilities. This is
made known with the expectation that governments at all levels will comply
and implement it. It is so ordered.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
14 April 1933
?Collected Communist Documents, (1)
Issued by Department No 4, Nan-ch'ang Headquarters, Chairman of Military
Affairs Committee, July 1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
PROCLAMATION OF THE PROVISIONAL CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND THE MILITARY AFFAIRS
COMMISSION OF THE WORKER-PEASANT RED ARMY
15 April 1933
[Text] Masses of all China!
On 1 May we shall solemnly convey our revolutionary greetings to the toiling
masses of all China, to the workers and peasants and urban poor groaning
under the blood-stained leadership of the KMT, to the fighters who were
oppressed into opposing the Chinese workers and peasants, to the revolu-
tionary students and youth participating in the anti-imperialist struggle,
and to the hundreds and thousands of revolutionary prisoners incarcerated
and oppressed in KMT prisons!
The continuing attacks of Japanese imperialism, the unprecedented buildup
of a crisis threatening the. total dismemberment of China, and the profun-
dity of the crisis of the whole people impels us to make a further declara-
tion to all people fighting for the interests of China and to the toiling
masses. The characteristic of the present situation is the totally unchecked
rush of the Japanese imperialists into Peking and Hankow. At the same time
the British imperialists are attacking in Sinkiang and are preparing, through
their puppets in Tibet and elsewhere, to occupy western China. In the
secret talks now being held by the Japanese and the KMT, Chiang Kai-shek
has made yet another deal with the imperialist bandits. The secretariat of
the Central Political Committee of the KMT, with powers to represent the
Nanking government and Chiang Kai-shek, are holding secret talks with the
Japanese representative Yoshizawa in Shanghai. Chiang Kai-shek--the
executioner of the Chinese workers and peasants and the chief criminal
who in 1929 asked the Japanese to occupy Shantung and in 1932 secretly_
massacred the defenders of Shanghai-has now abandoned the northern front
and is once again promoting the traitor Yang Yu-tin who opened the road
for the Japanese invasion of Jehol. When Chiang Kai-shek went to the
north, he waged no war against Japanese imperialism, but recognized the
handiwork of his friend, the traitor Chang Hsueh-liang.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
The southwest government and the Fukien warlords alike have failed to
oppose Japan or any other imperialists; their recent propaganda about
"opposing Japan in the North" has been nothing but falsehoods designed to
deceive the masses. They are really intent upon expanding their own lands
and attacking the soviets and the Red Army.
Why does Chiang Kai-shek want to return to Kiangsi? Why has he abandoned
the northern armies, leaving them empty-handed against the Japanese
artillery and aircraft? Why have the KMT and their government concentrated
large numbers of units, all their aircraft and military equipment to oppose
the workers and peasants of Kiangsi? Because they are now bargaining with
Japan and all the imperialists to make China into their private possession
and betray it utterly. Because they hope that the Japanese and the other
imperialists will allow them to become puppet rulers of a few provinces,
as they did in the case of "Manchukuo." Because they want to massacre the.
Chinese masses in order to support imperialism and the rule of the Chinese
landlord bourgeoisie.
In order to cover up their surrender and treason, the KMT have fabricated
the myth that Japanese imperialism is helping,the Red Army with money and
ammunition, spreading the slander that the Chinese Soviet Government is
holding talks with warlords. This base and shameless rumor has already
been shattered by many ironclad facts.
The Chinese Soviet Government and the Worker-Peasant Red Army are the only
mass political power and armed force opposing all imperialist invasions,
and in repeated heroic combats, the Chinese Soviet Red Army has been
shown to be constant in its stance to all imperialists; we are inseparably
connected with the Japanese workers and peasants because they too are
carrying on a heroic struggle in opposition to Japanese imperialism, and
they too have been plundered, oppressed and massacred by the ruling class.
But the Japanese imperialists and warlords are our common enemy.
We are engaged in a struggle for the interests of the toiling masses of all
China and for Chinese independence, unification and territorial integrity.
At present we must wage war against Japan and the other imperialists, and
we will overthrow anyone who opposes that war.
We have complete faith that the struggle of the Chinese worker-peasant
fighters and the heroic defense of the Red Army will be able to prevent
imperialism, Chiang Kai-shek and the bankrupt KMT from realizing their
plan to dismember China.
In the last 3 months the workers and peasants of Kiangsi and their Red
Army have smashed more than nine enemy divisions. In several. battles
they captured more than 30,000 men and weapons along with large amounts of
military supplies and innumerable weapons. About 10,000 troops from the
KMT armies have already joined the Kiangsi Red Army of their own free will.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
The Red Army in Hunan, Hupeh, Honan and Szechwan have also been growing
rapidly. From the proclamations of the commander of the 52nd division
and the commander and staff of the 59th Division, recently captured in
Kiangsi, it can be clearly seen how profound the disintegration of the KMT
army is; they denounce the KMT and Chiang Kai-shek, express penitence for
their own past crimes in opposing the Chinese workers and peasants and
ask the fighters and officers of the White armies to stop their attacks
on the Soviet areas, turn the guns around and attack the KMT traitors who
are selling out our motherland. In view of the recent great victories of
the Red Army and the waverings of their front-line troops, as well as the
hatred of the masses of the entire country, the traitorous Chiang Kai-shek
and Wang Ching-wei now hope, by means of such arbitrary propaganda as
"exterminating the communists is resisting the Japanese" and "no discussion
of resisting the Japanese until the communists are wiped out" to hinder the
revolutionization of the broad masses of fighters and to cover up their own
treason and surrender. But such deceit and threats cannot succeed. Quite
the opposite: they only serve to further expose their wickedness.
In view of the current situation and our victory it behooves us once again
to transmit the proposal we made in January to smash the slander of the
KMT regarding hindrance by the Red Army and the workers and peasants in
the Soviets of an effective resistance to the Japanese. We believe that if
only we can actively oppose the invasion of the Japanese imperialists as
we proposed before, it will immediately be possible, and accordingly we
once again declare our proposal to the entire nation. Under the following
conditions the Chinese Red Army is prepared to conclude a wartime agreement
with any armed units to oppose the Japanese imperialist attack:
1. That it immediately stop the attacks on the Chinese Soviet areas;
2. That it immediately guarantee the democratic rights of the masses
(assembly, association, speech, publication, and demonstration, and the
release of political prisoners);
3. That it immediately arm the masses and form armed militia units to
guard China and win China's independence, unification and territorial
integrity. Every worker, peasant and fighter can understand that without
the above conditions a victorious war against the imperialists is impossible.
The KMT policy is bankrupt. It is leading to the dismemberment of China
and the further enslavement of China's masses, and it continues to increase
the suffering, hunger and massacre of the masses.
We call on all workers and fighters among the broad masses of the people,
in the army and the militia, to intensify their work to make them accept
our policy of national revolution. We call upon all toiling masses to
support us in defending China and the power of the people.
Chairman of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic,
Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
Chairman of the Military Affairs Committee of the Chinese Worker-Peasant
Red Army
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
15 April 1933
?"Historical Materials on the Ups and Downs of the-Intra-Party Conflict
in the Chinese Communist Party" by Hsiao Tso-liang; Washington University,
1967
Q "Struggle;"Shanghai, No 40, 21 April 1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
LETTER TO RESPONSIBLE PERSONS IN SOVIETS AT ALL LEVELS ON THE SUMMER PLANTING
22 April 1933
[Text] To presidiums of the provincial county and district soviets, heads
of land departments, chairmen of township soviets and all representatives:
The spring planting is over. Although good results have been obtained in
some places, the results have been extremely bad in others. A grave cir-
cumstance is that the government presidiums. have neglected the spring
planting, the land departments have shirked it, and especially in the means
of mobilization we have become divorced from the masses. Now it is already
time for summer planting, and soon it will be time for the autumn harvest;
if you fail again to make an effort and do not immediately change from
your errors of the spring planting and assume a spirit of struggle to
approach the summer planting, then the plan to increase harvest by 20
percent in the interest of the masses and of the revolutionary war will be
most gravely affected. Accordingly, the central land department has
printed an outline of the summer planting movement ("How To Lead the Summer
Planting Movement," published by Red China) to distribute to you. In this
outline, the critical significance of the summer planting, its aims, its
central tasks and the means of mobilizing the masses for it are pointed
out. In particular the concrete examples of Jui-chin and Wu-yang district
are singled out--there they carried out a true "organized mobilization" and
stimulated the peasant masses to an unprecedentedly high level of labor
enthusiasm, achieving great results in the spring planting. When you
receive this outline, you should immediately convene all necessary meetings
(the chairman of the county soviet and the head of the land department
should convene a meeting of district chairmen and heads of land departments,
the district soviet and its land department should hold a meeting of town-
ship soviet chairmen and chairmen of poor peasant associations, the town-
ship soviets should convene meetings of their respective assemblies, poor
peasants and women's congresses, Red Guards and Young Pioneers and the
youth groups and village masses) to explain the main points of the outline
and discuss the ways of carrying it out in the locality. The summer
planting struggle of the revolution should immediately be spread to all
red farm villages. The provincial soviet need not convene meetings of
the county soviets, but it should provide concrete and active leadership
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
on the basis of this outline. At least once a month the province should
investigate the work of its counties and the county of its districts.
The district should oversee its townships twice a month. The central
land department should during May send people to all the counties for
preliminary investigation of your achievements in summer planting.
Performance of the tasks of summer planting depends primarily on your
correct and energetic leadership. Comrades, all struggle for an all-
around victory in summer planting!
Chairman of the Provisional Central Government, Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
Representative of the People's Land Committee Hu Hai
22 April 1933
?"Red China," No 74, 29 April 1933
*"Outline for the Summer Planting Movement"
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
DIRECTIVE ON THE SETTING UP OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY MINISTRY
Directive No 10 of People's Committee of the Provisional Central Government
28 April 1933
[Text] To increase production in all trades in the soviet areas, to expand
internal and external trade, to develop the national economy in the soviet
areas and to smash the enemy's economic blockade, all of these are of the
first significance amid the current acute development of the civil war.
Accordingly the central Executive Committee has published its 19th order
and has added a Ministry of National Economy to the central government
and National Economy Departments at the provincial and county levels.
Governments at all levels must reform their past errors of neglecting
economic construction and must quickly launch the attack on the economic
front. Since the imperialist KMT carried out its fourth encirclement
campaign against the soviets and the Red Army, and at the same time carried
out a cruel economic blockade, owing to the correct leadership of the
Communist Party and the soviets and the active attack of the Red Army and
the masses, we have already gained an extremely great victory, but govern-
ments at all levels must understand that our war with the imperialist KMT
is a protracted and bitter struggle, and even if we entirely smash the
fourth encirclement campaign and win initial victories in one or several
provinces, we shall still need to devote an immense amount of effort to it.
Winning a victory in economic construction, so as to improve the liveli-
hood of the worker.-peasant masses, to whip up an even greater revolutionary
fervor among the masses, and also to protect the needs of the Red Army
in coordination with the entire war mobilization, all this has decisive
significance for the victorious struggle. Based on the above principles,
governments at all levels must grasp several central tasks of current
economic construction, such as the development of industrial and agricul
tural production, grain redistribution, expansion of cooperatives, the
setting up of an external trade office and the development of state-owned
enterprises, and make them an actuality. To carry on these activities,
the people's committee has determined that the National Economy Departments
at all levels shall carry out a provisional organizational guideline in
which is specified the setting up of the most important organs of the
National Economy Department, the planning office and the investigation and
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
statistical office. In addition, it is specified that before the various
special administrative organs--agricultural department, industrial depart-
ment, communications department, internal and external trade department--
have been set up, their functions shall be performed wholly or in part
by the Department of National Economy. When the governments at all
levels receive this directive and guideline, they must immediately set up
the various organs as specified. Some functions that were performed
formerly under the control of the finance departments such as the office
of grain redistribution, the cooperatives, the external. trade office, etc.,
shall be relegated to the control of the Department of National Economy.
The State Printing Plant which formerly was under the control of the
Department of Education is also provisionally relegated to the Department
of National Economy. The Labor Reform Institutions, which were formerly
under the control of the Department of Justice and the provincial and
county judicial departments, shall now have their manufacture and instruc-
tion sections relegated to the control of the Department of National
Economy. But the Communications Administration under the control of the
Ministry of Interior shall only have its Transport Department relegated
to the Department of National Economy, while its post, telegraphic and
highway functions shall remain unchanged under its control. The former
provincial and county food departments shall be absorbed into the food
section of the office of national economy. Within the Department of
National Economy at the various levels, people's economy committees shall
be set up as planning and reconstruction organs. The setting up of the
organs of the national economy department at the provincial and county
levels, and the duties of the personnel must quickly be reported to the
central ministry of national economy.
As to the regional authorities' programs for concrete leadership, these
must be drawn up by an early date, and it is expected that the Ministry
of National Economy will examine and approve them for execution. It is
so ordered.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
28 April 1933
?"Red China," No 77 8 May 1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ON LIMITING SPECIAL DELIVERY LETTERS
Order No 8 of the People's Committee,
11 May 1933
[Text] In order to limit special delivery letters, the People's Committee
of the Interior Department of the Central Government issued an order that:
"Public and private letters which do not have a serious time sensitivity
may not be sent special delivery." Recent investigations of certain
party organs and Red units have continued to turn up many cases of
frivolous use of special delivery, as the case in the 5th subdistrict
where a comrade had lost a fountain pen and sent a special delivery
letter to investigate, also requesting his correspondent to answer by
special delivery; and the comrade in the military department of the
I-huang county soviet who asked for repayment of a private debt from a
comrade in the Fukien military district, also by special delivery letter.
A letter from a Ta-hsi-pa district committee member to a Huang-po district
committee representative asking him to send him money was also sent special
delivery. This sort of frivolous use of special delivery hinders the
work of the post office, hinders the true emergency work of special
delivery, and especially hinders the delivery of military intelligence,
wastes public funds; this sort of situation will not be allowed to con-
tinue. The People's Committee once again sternly circulates its order
to all organs and all units to quickly forbid these practices among their
personnel and it also lays down limitations as follows:
1. Special delivery letters of military organs are limited to reporting
emergency information on the enemy and delivering urgent orders and
communications. No other messages may be sent special delivery. They
must bear the chop of the competent commander on the letter.
2. Among party departments, governments and mass organizations, they are
limited as follows;
a. Hsien level organizations may send special delivery letters, but
those at the district and township levels may not.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
b. The contents of special delivery letters must be strictly time
sensitive, that is, the nature of the letter must be such that if it
does not arrive in an extremely short time there will be an extremely
bad effect upon all types of work.
c. Special delivery letters shall be stamped on the outside by the
party secretary for party departments, and the chairman for the governments
(department heads may do so in the central government and chairmen or
committee chairmen may do so for mass organizations).
3. The Security Office shall have the responsibility for investigation,
and if it discovers disobedience to the above regulations, it shall change
the letter in question to an ordinary letter and in addition shall report
the sender to the cognizant apparatus at the next higher level for fitting
punishment.
We hope that organs at all levels and military units will strictly observe
the above regulations and not again fail to adhere to them. It is so
ordered.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
11 May 1933
?"Red China," No 90, 2 July 1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
DECLARATION ON THE KMT SELL-OUT OF PEKING AND TIENTSIN
30 May 1933
[Text] Masses of all China!
After-Manchuria, Jehol and Shanghai were written off by the KMT Nanking
Government with Chiang Kai-shek as its chief criminal, now Peking, Tientsin
and Chahar have also been sold out by these running dogs of imperialism.
Retreat from Peking and Tientsin of all armed units and the abandoning of
them to the Japanese imperialists, the preconditions for the "peace talks"
have now been thoroughly been carried out by the KMT Nanking government.
The content of the so-called "peace talks" is:
1. The Chinese armies are to retreat south of Peking-Tientsin, and south
of Ch'ang-ch'eng shall be designated a buffer zone (i.e., a so-called
"neutral zone"),
2. The Chinese side recognizes "Manchukuo" and "Mengkukuo
3. All militia activity and the development of all anti-Manchukuo forces
shall be stopped and the militia and all anti-Japanese forces shall be
disarmed at an opportune time,
4. The Chinese side undertakes to stop all anti,-Japanese activity.
The "peace talks" have already succeeded. In Peking, the representatives
of Japanese imperialism, the top Chinese traitors such as Huang Ju and Ho
Ying-k'an and the British imperialist mediator (Lambertson) are now
celebrating their victory at a banquet. Outside Peking, in Manchuria,
Jehol, Chahar and Peking-Tientsin, the Japanese imperialists are continuing
to use their artillery and aircraft to bombard and massacre the anti-
Japanese militia, revolutionary fighters, and thousands upon thousands of
peaceful inhabitants, in order to bring about "peace and order" of the
colonial slaves under the rule of Japanese imperialism.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Masses of all China! Mongolia and Peking-Tientsin have finally been
sold out by the landlord bourgeoisis KMT. This is the content of the
KMT's "protracted resistance," and the true nature of the KMT's "resisting
and negotiating at the same time." This is the KMT central government's
"fixed policy." The evil KMT with Chiang Kai-shek as its head criminal
has thus shamelessly and brazenly offered up Manchuria and Peking-Tientsin
with their tens of millions of square li of territory and their tens of.
millions of people, to Japanese imperialism. And it is even now preparing
to recompense the British imperialists for their mediation with the vast
regions of Tibet, Sikang and Sinkiang!
Masses of all China! We are the champion of the Chinese people and we
will absolutely not permit the Japanese imperialists and all the other
imperialists to invade a single inch of our territory; we will not allow
the imperialists' running dogs the KMT to thus shamelessly and brazenly
sell out China! We shall assuredly unite, arm ourselves and expand the
national revolutionary war. With the force of the masses, 400 million
strong, we will bring down imperialism and the imperialists' running
dogs the KMT warlords, and first among them the KMT Nanking Government
with Chiang Kai-shek as its chief criminal; only by a bloody struggle by
the people of all China can we regain the land we have already lost and
gain independence, liberation and territorial integrity for the Chinese
people!
The Central Government and Revolutionary Military Affairs Committee of
the Chinese Soviet Republic have repeatedly proposed to the armed units
who are attacking the soviet areas throughout China to draw up a wartime
cooperation agreement under the following three conditions in order to
oppose the invasion of Japanese imperialism:
1. Immediately stop the attacks on the Soviet areas;
2. Immediately guarantee the people's democratic rights;
3. Immediately arm the masses and set up armed militia to protect China
and to win China's independence, unification and territorial integrity.
But the KMT's answer to this call of the Chinese Soviet Government has
been to make new surrenders and betrayals to the Japanese imperialism, to
force the anti-Japanese fighters in the Northeast to retreat, to disarm
the militia in the Northeast, and so suppress all anti-Japanese and
anti-imperialist movements of the masses of all China, to organize new
forces to attack our soviet areas, and to send large numbers of aircraft
to bomb the toiling masses and the peaceful inhabitants within the soviet
areas.
Now every peasant, every worker, every fighter, every student and every
revolutionary can see with his own eyes who are the traitors, who are the
running dogs of imperialism! If the KMT is not overthrown, China can only
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
perish, and the Chinese masses will sink into eternal slavery to imperialism!
The Central Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic calls upon the masses,
of all China, the militia in the northeast, the anti-Japanese fighters in
the northeast, all Chinese revolutionary students and intellectuals,
independent tradesmen and all revolutionaries to join together and arm
themselves, to reject all repression and massacre by imperialist police
and KMT gendarmes, to struggle against Japanese imperialism's attack on
China, to oppose the KMT government's sellout of China and to win libera-
tion for the Chinese people. The Central Government of the Chinese Soviet
Republic is now engaged in a bloody war to completely smash the fourth
encirclement campaign of imperialism and the KMT against the Soviet areas,
is setting up extensive Chinese revolutionary bases and creating an iron
Worker-Peasant Red Army a million strong. It is preparing to collect its
forces on the Yangtze to wage warfare directly against all imperialists.
The Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic and its Worker-
Peasant Red Army have already proved to the masses of all China in a
protracted anti-imperialist and anti-KMT war, that only it is the anti-
imperialist anti-KMT masses' own political power and only it can lead the
masses of all China to overthrow Japanese imperialism and all imperialism
and to overthrow the KMT government headed by Chiang Kai-shek which sold
out China and all traitorous KMT warlords.
Masses of all China! Unite, arm yourselves, and together with the Central
Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic expand the national revolutionary
war and struggle to win back the lost territory in the Northeast, to defend
China and to win complete liberation for the Chinese people.
Chairman of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic
Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
30 May 1933
"Red China," No 83, 4 June 1933
"Struggle," Shanghai, No 44, 10 June 1933
"Soviet China," Soviet Union Foreign Workers Publishing House (Moscow),
1933
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
CARRY OUT AN EXTENSIVE AND PROFOUND LAND INVESTIGATION MOVEMENT
Directive No 11 of People's Committee of the Provisional Central Govern-
ment
1 June 1933
[Text] There are now a large number of districts in the various soviet
areas and especially in the central soviet area which have not thoroughly
resolved the land question. In the central soviet, these areas make up
almost 80 percent of the area, with a population of more than 2 million,
such as Jui-chin (excluding the Wu-yang district), Hui-ch'ang, Hsun-wu,
An-yuan, Hsin-feng, Yu-tu (excluding Hsin P'o district), Lo-an, I-huang,
Kuang-ch'ang, Shih-sh'eng, Chien-ning, Li-ch'uan, Ning-hua, Ch'ang-t'ing,
and Wu-p'ing--in all 15 entire counties. Large parts of Po-sheng, Sheng-
li and Yung-feng and parts of Kung-lueh, Wan-t'ai, Shang-hang, Yung-ting
and Hsin-ch'uan, as well as the districts of Chun-ts'un and Huang-t'ang
in Hsing-kuo, all are places which have not thoroughly resolved the land
question. The peasant masses in these areas have not been extensively
mobilized, and the remnants of feudal power have not been finally over-
come; and in the soviet organs the mass organizations and the local armed
units there are still a good many alien class elements engaging in hidden
activity, and there are still a good many secret counterrevolutionary
organizations in the localities engaging in activities subversive to the
revolution. For this reason, wartime mobilization and cultural and
economic construction in these areas have fallen behind those in the
progressive areas (almost all of Hsing-kuo, part of Sheng-li, Kan-hsien,
Wan-t'ai, Kung-lueh, Yung-feng and Shang-hang; Huang-p'o and An-fu dis-
tricts in Po-sheng; Hu-yang district in Jui-chin, and Hsi-nan district
in Yung-ting). The carrying out of a universal and profound land inves-
tigation movement in these extensive areas, the development of an extremely
high level of class struggle among the more than 2 million masses, and the
final assault on and thorough destruction of feudal power are tasks which
in the various soviets will not brook a moment's delay. As for the
concrete details of the carrying out of the land investigation movement,
the People's Committee has determined as follows:
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
1. The governmental chairmen at the various levels are charged with
using the greatest attention in leading the entire land investigation
movement.
2. The land departments, the worker-peasant investigation departments,
the judicial departments and the state political security offices and
their agents at all levels are charged with devoting all their energies
to directing the movement and thoroughly resolving land problems, reforming
local soviets and wiping out counterrevolution in the countryside. The
people's committees of the central land department, the worker-peasant
investigation department, the judicial committees, the state political
security office, must devote their whole energy to directing the various
subordinate organs in the thorough performance of the task.
3. The people's committee of the central financial department is charged
with-directing financial departments at various levels in attacking feudal
and.semi-feudal power by fining landlords and exacting contributions from
rich peasants, and at the same time increasing state revenues. The
central people's military committee is charged with directing the military
departments at the various levels in the land investigation movement,
overhauling and expanding the local armed organizations, and mobilizing
the masses to serve in the Red Army. The central people's economic com-
mittee is charged with directing the economic committees at the various
levels in carrying out recovery and development of agricultural and handi-
craft production, the development of cooperatives and the distribution of
products and commodities within the development of the land investigation
movement. The central education people's committee is charged with
directing the education committees at the various levels in supplying all
sorts of simple and colloquial textbooks and booklets to all cadres and
masses investigating land in order to develop the land investigation move-
ment and expanding mass cultural education as the land investigation move-
ment expands.
4. Governments at the provincial and county levels should summon cadres
from the areas being investigated and from all progressive and relatively
progressive areas to run brief land-investigation movement training
classes. The county soviets should convene a meeting of the district
soviet responsible persons every month and the district soviet should
convene a meeting of the township soviet chairmen and poor peasant
association chairmen every 10 days to investigate the experience of land
investigation.
5. Meetings of main responsible persons in the soviets at the district
level and above in eight counties of Juirchin, Hui-ch'ang, Po-sheng, Yu-
tu, Sheng-li, Shih-ch'eng, Ning-hua and Ch'ang-ning and meetings of poor
peasant associations and electoral congresses in eight counties should be
held at the central government to stimulate the land investigation move-
ment in them.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
6. Tn the course of the movement the class line should be persistently
adhered to, taking the proletariat in the countryside as the leader and
relying upon the poor peasants, resolutely uniting with the middle pea-
sants to stage resolute attacks against feudal and semi-feudal power and
ferret out all landlords and rich peasants masquerading as middle peasants
or poor peasants, to confiscate all land and property of the landlord
class and confiscate the land and excess draft animals, farm implements
and dwellings of the rich peasants, and distribute them to workers, poor
and middle peasants who previously did not receive enough land or received
none at all; the rich peasants should be given relatively poor land to
work.
7. In the land investigation movement thorough attention should be paid
to mobilizing the majority of the masses to arise and struggle with the
remnants of feudalism. First, by means of extensive propaganda and
agitation, a thorough investigation of people of landlord and rich-peasant
origin should be made, and their land and property should be confiscated.
This should be done with the agreement and participation of as large a
majority as possible, and the confiscated property should all, with the
exception of money, be given out to the poorest of the masses. Special
attention should be paid to giving it out to poor Red Army dependents
and a larger share of it should be given out to the masses in the villages
from whence the property came.
8. The poor peasants association is an extremely important mass organiza-
tion in the land investigation movement, and the district and township
soviets should strive to lead the poor peasants association in purging
bad elements from within it and attracting large numbers of active ele-
ments to join it. The worker team within the poor peasant association
should be the active leader of the poor peasant association.
9. In the land investigation movement, energetic attention should be
concentrated on all backward districts, townships and villages, and
especially in the most backward of them. In developing the land investi-
gation movement in backward districts and townships and particularly in
large villages attention should be paid to mobilizing the impoverished
masses to arise of themselves and struggle against the landlords and rich
peasants of the village. The utmost effort should be directed toward
avoiding all incorrect activity involving struggles in areas with a single
lineage.
10. In the land investigation movement all secret counterrevolutionary
organs and activities should be purged and rumor-mongering and subversion
by landlords and rich peasants should be prevented and exposed.
11. In-the course of the movement the local soviets should be reformed
and all alien class elements and other bad elements should be cleaned out
of them and large numbers of revolutionary activist elements should be
attracted into the soviets.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
12. All people in the soviets at all levels who directly or indirectly
hinder the land investigation movement should receive severe or the
severest punishment.
Only by persistently implementing the above decisions can we broadly
and profoundly develop class struggle in the countryside and whip up the
activism of the broadest range of the masses, thoroughly destroy all
feudal and semi-feudal power in the countryside and complete the task
of the land investigation movement. It is so ordered.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-tao
1 June 1933
?"Red China," No 87, 20 June 1933
*(Guide to the Land Investigation Movement), ("Directive of the Central
Government on Land Investigation Movement"), issued by the Central Govern-
ment, 1933
*Collected Red Counterrevolutionary Documents, Vol. 3, "Directive of the
Central Government on Land Investigation Movement," 1935
8480
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
MEETING OF RESPONSIBLE PERSONS OF SOVIETS OF THE DISTRICT AND ABOVE AND
CONGRESS OF POOR-PEASANTS' LEAGUES OF THE EIGHT COUNTIES
[Text] Presidiums of the county and district soviets and chairmen of the
township soviets of the counties of Jui-chin, Hui-ch'ang, Yu-tu, Sheng-li,
Po-sheng, Shih-ch'eng, Ning-hua, and Ch'ang-t'ing:
As the land issue remains an extremely serious one in many areas where the
struggle is lagging behind, for the purpose of launching an extensive and
intensive land investigation movement, thereby thoroughly solving the
land issue, eliminating the counterrevolution, and reforming the soviets
and mass organizations, the Central Government has decided to call a
"Meeting of Responsible Persons of Soviets of the District Level and
Above of the Eight Counties" and a "Congress of Poor Peasants' Leagues of
the Eight Counties."
1. Meeting of Responsible Persons of Soviets of the District Level and Above
(1) Location of the meeting: Yeh-p'ing, Yun-chi district, Jui-chin.
(2) Time: Arrival of all participants 16 June; meeting opens 17 June;
closes 20 June.
(3) Participants:
District level: Chairman, chief of land department, chief of worker peasant
procurators' department, and special representative of security bureau.
County level: Chairman, chief of land dcpartment, chief of worker-peasant
procurators' department, and special representative of security bureau.
(4) The duties of the participants will be temporarily performed by
others acting on their behalf.
(5) The participants designated above may not be absent under any excuse.
176
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
(6) The participants must prepare and bring to the meeting the
following reports (details omitted).
To obtain the material for the reports, the district soviet, upon receipt
of this announcement, must immediately call a meeting of the township
chairmen and poor peasants' league chairmen of the entire district and
collect the material. The county soviet has no need to call a meeting of
the district soviets; it only needs to collect the material from the
various departments and mass organizations of the county level. The provin-
cial soviet must collect material from the various departments and mass
organizations. of the provincial level. All participants must bring the
above-listed reports to the meeting. Failure to do so will be taken as a
work slowdown. The reports must be truthful, without fabrication. Those
making false reports because of the desire to save "face" will be punished
upon discovery.
(7) The travel expenses of the participants will be issued by the
finance department of the various levels. Meals during the period of
meeting will be provided by the Central Government.
(8) The participants will bring their bowls, chopsticks, and bedclothes.
2. Congress of Poor Peasants' Leagues of the Eight Counties
(1) Location of the congress: Yeh-p'ing, Yun-chi District, Jui-chin.
(2) Time: Arrival of all participants 24 June; meeting opens 25 June;
closes 1 July.
(3) Participants: One delegate elected from the poor peasants'
league of every township; two delegates where the league membership exceeds
300.
(4) Election of delegates and travel:
(i) Upon receipt of this announcement, the district soviet must
immediately call a meeting of the chairmen of the township soviets and
poor peasants' leagues of the entire district and explain to them the great
revolutionary significance of the congress called by the Central Government
this time and the methods of electing delegates and propagandizing to the
masses.
(ii) The township and poor peasants' league chairmen must promptly
return-to their townships, call a poor peasants' league membership meeting,
explain the significance of the congress convened by the Central Government
this time, and proceed with the election of delegates.
(iii) In regard to the qualifications of the delegates, they must
be poor peasants or farm laborers who have been consistently waging a firm
struggle against the landowners and rich peasants and who are positive in
177
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
their activities. If the chairman or manager of the poor peasants'
league has such qualifications, he may be elected; if not, then the delegate
must be elected from among the members. The delegate must be elected at
the membership meeting; he must not be appointed. No negative element or
deviationist may be elected.
(iv) The delegates of the various townships, after being elected,
will gather at the district soviet. The district soviet acting chairman
will hold a meeting, organize the delegation, appoint the best among the
delegates as the delegation chairman, explain the significance of the congress,
and issue them travel expenses. The delegation chairman will lead the
delegation to go forth and arrive at Jui-chin on 24 June.
(5) The delegates must bring with them a simple report, giving the
following information: (i) population of their particular township;
(ii) number and components of the poor peasants' league; (iii) when it was
organized; (iv) whether there are village poor peasants' leagues; (v) how
many subdivisions.
(6) Travel expenses of the delegates will be issued by the district
soviet; meals during the period of meeting will be provided by the Central
Government.
(7) The delegates will bring their own bowls, chopsticks, and bed-
clothes.
(8) In regard to propaganda after the departure of the delegates for
the congress, the township soviet must select five active elements among
the township congress or poor peasants' league to form a "land investigation
movement propaganda team." After the poor-peasants' league delegates have
left for the congress, the propaganda team will proceed separately to the
villages and hamlets, call mass meetings, and explain to the masses that the
Central Government, for the purpose of launching a mass movement to investi-
gate land and the classes, is holding the Congress of the Poor Peasants'
Leagues of the Eight Counties, that the township has elected so and so to,
attend the congress, that all districts and townships of the county are
sending delegates, that the masses must be prepared and pay attention to the
landowners and rich peasants who misrepresented themselves as middle or
poor peasants and received land allocations, that a vigorous investigation
will begin when the delegate returns from the congress, and that the feudal
power must be completely eliminated before the impoverished masses can gain
their maximum interest. They must also explain that land investigation is
not land redivision, that the masses must perform the investigation themselves
and uncover the landowner and rich peasant elements misrepresenting themselves
as middle or poor peasants, that only wher they are uncovered and knocked
down will the impoverished masses gain liberation, and that our farm
laborers and poor peasants must ally with all true middle peasants and the
soviet will fully protect the interests of the middle peasants. Such
propaganda is to inform the masses that the congress of the poor peasants'
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
leagues attended by the delegates of all districts and townships, including
their own township, is for the purpose of launching a mass movement to
investigate the classes in the 900 or more hsiangs of the eight counties,
and to create a strong atmosphere of class investigation before the delegates'
return. Village and hamlet mass meetings may be held after sundown, and the
township chairman must be responsible for their guidance.
Responsible comrades of the county, district, and township soviets of the
eight counties of Jui-chin, Hui-ch'ang, Yu-tu, Sheng-li, Po-sheng, Shih-ch'eng,
Ning-hua, and Ch'ang-t'ing: Attention must be given the following points
for the complete success of the two meetings: (i) The participants must
all bring with them truthful reports. (ii) All the poor peasants' league
delegates must be positive revolutionary elements, not negative compromising
elements. (iii) All those required to attend must attend and arrive
promptly on the specified day. (iv) General propaganda on the land investi-
gation movement must be performed in all the hsiangs. You must devote a
great effort to these four points. If they are not followed, the meetings
will not be completely successful, and you must share the blame. It is so
announced.
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman of the Central Government
Hsiang Ying, Vice Chairman
Chang Kuo-tao, Vice Chairman
? "RED CHINA," No 85, 14 June 1933
6080
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
APPEAL TO THE MASSES OF JUI-CHIN, HUI-CH'ANG, PO-SHENG, AND SHIH-CH'ENG
COUNTIES FOR 50,000 TAN OF GRAIN TO SELL TO THE RED ARMY
[Text] (1) During the fourth revolutionary war, after Chiang Kai-shek's
White army in the North suffered several tragic defeats and the Red Army won
several great victories, the Kuomintang warlords are mustering their remnant
troops and preparing a new attack. Meanwhile, Kwangtung's warlord Ch'en
Chi-t'ang, Fukien's warlord Ts'ai Ting-k'ai, and Hunan's warlord Ho Chien
are starting out together and moving their troops against the soviet areas.
The Red Army is fighting bloody battles against the enemies and aiming at
smashing the enemy encirclement campaign. In another aspect, the Kuomintang
conspired with Japanese imperialism to occupy Peking and Tientsin, and the
Red Army is preparing to confront imperialism directly and knock down the
imperialist Kuomintang at the same time. However, in the Red Army at this
time, a serious grain problem has arisen. Some of the Red Army troops live
on rice congee, and some of the Central Government organs must also have
half of their meals in congee. The price of rice is high, and it cannot be
bought. It is truly a difficult problem. In addition, a part.of the
extremely impoverished masses, especially the families of Red Army soldiers,
have nothing to eat. The situation is very serious.
(2) Is there no grain in the soviet areas? No, the soviet areas have
considerable amounts of grain. Leaving aside Kung-lueh and Wan-t'ai,
where grain is abundant, and taking, for instance, the counties of Jui-chin,
Hui-ch'ang, Po-sheng, and Shih-ch'eng, we find that there is a surplus
every year. Though the harvest last year was inferior, there was still a
large surplus. Why is it that the Red Army cannot buy grain in these
areas? Primarily, it is due to the manipulation of the rich peasants and
unscrupulous merchants. They hide the grain, or raise the price much above
the market, and deliberately make it difficult for the Red Army. Next,
the people with more grain still fail to understand the difficulties of
the Red Army and want to wait for higher prices in the future. Even those
who have an average amount of grain do not understand the difficulties of
the Red Army; therefore, they have not saved a part of their grain to sell
to the Red Army. With these two reasons, grain has become unavailable on
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020601-5
the market. Comrades, you do not understand the difficulties of the Red
Army because the soviets of the various areas have never explained them to
you. Now the Central Government wishes to purchase 50,000 tan of grain
from the counties of Jui-chin, Hui-ch'ang, Po-sheng, and Shih-ch'eng to
supply the Red Army at the front. It wishes to place the responsibility
on the county, district, and township soviets and the 1 million people of
the four counties. The distribution is 16,000 tan from Jui-chin, 15,000
tan from Hui-ch'ang, 12,000 tan from Po-sheng, and 10,000 tan from
Shih-ch'eng. However, this time it is not borrowing, but purchasing.
According to our grain borrowing experiences of the past, the masses
voluntarily loaned much grain to the Red Army, and many of them even
returned to us the grain borrowing notes. It indicated the tremendous
revolutionary fervor of the masses. It indicated that the masses regarded
the life of the Red Army as their own and, the moment they heard of the
need, they lent their grain. But comrades, the Red Army has exhausted
the grain borrowed in the past and the Central Government now wishes to buy
grain. The amount is 50,000 tan, at market price. It is to be delivered in
batches during the month of June. In regard to the method, those with surplus
grain will surrender the surplus and an additional amount saved by them. Those
without surplus will save some grain and surrender it. Only those who do
not have enough to eat and must depend on their relatives and friends for
help do not have to sell to the government. Comrades, we all hope that
the Red Army will win. Now that the Red Army fighting on.the front does
not have enough to eat, can we set our mind at ease? We must all eat more
sundry grain and vegetables and save a part of the grain to sell to the Red
Army. As many driblets become a river, we believe that it should not be
hard for the million population of the four counties to save 40,000 or
50,000 tan of grain. Comrades, as long as the Red Army on the front has
enough to eat and wins battles, even if our masses in the rear eat a little
less, it will be glorious and joyful!
(3) Another aspect of the grain problem also requires the attention of
our broad masses. It is the problem of the grain shortage of the extremely
impoverished masses. The majority of us must not allow them, especially the
families of the Red Army soldiers, to go hungry. Their difficulty must
be solved by us all. The method of solution is mutual help among the masses,
first by selling grain at reduced prices, and next by borrowing in summer
and repaying in the fall. For the interest of the class, we must not
consider ourselves only and ignore the others. Those townships with more
grain must help those with less grain. Those villages with more grain
must help those with less grain. In a village, those households with.more
grain must help those with less grain. Besides selling 50,000 tan of grain
to the Red Army, we must help the extremely impoverished masses. Only thus
are true class friendship and true class mutual help!
Arise, all 1 million of the masses of the four counties!
Sell 50,000 tan of grain to the Red Army!
Help the impoverished masses by "price reduction" and "grain loans!"
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Do not let the Red Army live on congee!
Do not let the impoverished masses go hungry!
Help the Red Army break down the fourth enemy encirclement campaign with
grain!
Long live the victory of the Red Army!
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman of the Central Government
Hsian Ying, Vice Chairman .
Chang Kuo-tao, Vice Chairman
? "RED CHINA," No 83, 4 June 1933
6080
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
OPEN CABLE NEGATING THE TREASONABLE AGREEMENT SIGNED BY KUOMINTANG
10 June 1933
[Text] Revolutionary People of the Whole Nation!
On 31 May the Kuomintang government signed a North China cease-fire agreement
with Japanese imperialism. By this agreement, the vast area of North China
and tens of millions of people are sold to imperialism, but it is only a
part of the treasonable secret treaty published by the Kuomintang. Though
Wang Ching-wei and other traitorous ringleaders shamelessly claim that the
agreement is only limited to military affairs and involves no politics,
actually, what is even more serious is the unpublished large-scale
treasonable secret treaty of the Kuomintang government. According to
information obtained by this government, the contents of the secret treaty are
roughly as follows: (1) The Chinese army will retreat to the south of
Peking and Tientsin and the area south of the Great Wall is designated as a
buffer zone. (2) China recognizes "Manchukuo" and "the Nation of Mongolia."
(3) All activities of the Volunteer Army will be stopped and the Volunteer
Army and all troops resisting Japan will be disarmed according to the circum-
stances. (4) China guarantees the cessation of all anti-Japan movements.
The Soviet Provisional Central Government, representing the people of the
whole of China, absolutely refuses to recognize the secret treaty and the
North China cease-fire agreement, because they completely sell out the vast
land of Manchuria, Mongolia, and North China and the national interest to
Japanese imperialism and, doubtlessly, the Kuomintang will likewise concede
to the demands of British and American imperialism, sell out the territory
and rights of Tibet, Hsi-k'ang, and the Yangtze and Pearl river valleys,
and follow its traitorous line of "equal opportunity" and "sharing of
interests." The Soviet Provisional Central Government of China appeals to
the people of the entire China to rise together and resist the treasonable
secret treaty and treasonable agreement of the Kuomintang and, by means of
revolutionary struggles, including work strikes, school strikes, market
strikes, mass demonstrations, and the people's own armed forces, oppose and
block the implementation of any article of the secret treaty and agreement.
The people of the entire nation must realize that, if the secret treaty and
agreement are not resisted, the 400 million people will become forever the
slaves of imperialism. They must realize that only by arming themselves,
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
knocking down the traitorous Kuomintang government, fighting imperialism
directly, and ousting Japan and all imperialists before they can liberate
themselves and avert the fate of slavery. The Soviet Provisional Central
Government declares that it is prepared to devote all its strengths, its
spiritual, material, and armed strengths, to help the people of the entire
nation resist Japanese imperialism and the traitorous Kuomintang, and it
reiterates to all the armed units of the Kuomintang government that, under
the condition of (1) immediate cessation of attacks on the soviet areas;
(2) guarantee of the people's freedoms of assembly, association, speech,
and publication; and (3) immediate arming of the people and creation of a
volunteer army, the Soviet Central Government is willing to form a combat
agreement with any armed unit of the Kuomintang and fight Japanese imperialism.
Meanwhile, the Soviet Central Government wishes to point out that, while
loudly clamoring against Japan and the cease-fire agreement, the traitorous
Kuomintang warlords such as Feng Yu-hsiang, Ts'ai Ting-k'ai, and Ch'en
Chi-t'ang are only trying to hoodwink the people. Actually, some of them
have already joined Chiang Kai-shek for a desperate attack on the Red Army
and the soviet, while others have become running dogs of Japanese imperialism.
Their vociferous clamor against Japan and the cease-fire agreement is only
a means for them to deceive the people and proceed with their treachery.
Besides associating with imperialism to suppress the revolutionary people
and revolutionary soldiers and vigorously attacking the soviet areas and the
Red Army, they.have no other goal. Revolutionary people and revolutionary
soldiers of the entire nation: Only the union of the people's own armed
strength and the anti-Japanese soldiers with the people will we implement a
true national revolutionary war and knock down Japan and all imperialists,
and overthrowing the traitorous Kuomintang is the prerequisite to the
victory of this war. The Soviet Central Government of China appeals to the
people of the whole nation and the revolutionary soldiers to rally under the
banner of the soviet, unite with the Red Army, jointly overthrow the regime
of the Kuomintang, the traitorous ringleader, defend the independence and
territorial integrity of China, and strive for the thorough liberation of
the nation!
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman of the Soviet Provisional
Central Government of China
Hsiang Ying, Vice Chairman
Chang Kuo-tao, Vice Chairman
"RED CHINA," No 84, 11 June 1933
6080
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ON SOLVING THE GRAIN PROBLEM OF THE MASSES
Order No 42 of Central People's Committee
16 June 1933
[Text] Recently, grain supply has been short, and the price of rice rises
every day. In some individual areas, rice is not available even with money.
Therefore, some of the people have no rice to eat, but live on vegetables
and sundry grains, or even tree leaves and grass roots. This has truly
become a serious situation. The reason is the hoarding by the rich peasants
and the manipulation by the merchants; they deliberately make it difficult
for the toiling worker-peasant masses. The people with a grain surplus still
follow the old concept of each one for himself, wait for higher prices
before selling, and are completely indifferent to the hunger of the toiling
worker-peasant masses. This is entirely because they do not understand
the momentous significance of class mutual help. The people who have no
surplus have not saved a part of their grain to sell to the toiling masses
who are short of grain, especially the families of the Red Army soldiers,
or to lend the grain to them according to the method of borrowing in the
summer and repaying in the fall. It is still more than a month before
the new grain comes to the market. During this long period, large volumes
of grain are needed to relieve the people and the Red Army families. To
solve this problem, we want the governments of all levels to devote their
full effort to the following work:
1. The government of the provincial level must promptly call all types of
meetings, conduct enthusiastic and detailed discussions and, according to
the actual situations of the counties, formulate its particular, systematic,
and concrete plans for discussion and implementation by the lower level.
2. The county government must, according to the resolutions of the provincial
soviet and the experiences of fending grain and saving grain to sell to the
Red Army, call district and township delegates' meetings. (Such meetings
may be held in two locations if the distances are too great and the
delegates too numerous). Such meetings must include the chairman and the
delegates of the poor peasants' league, labor union, and women's organization
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
on the township level, and class mutual help must be explained to the
delegates and active elements, so that they will make extensive and
enthusiastic propaganda and stimulation when they return to their own
districts and townships. By so doing, we will activate the masses and raise
their spirit of class friendship and mutual help to solve the current grain
difficulty. In areas suffering the greatest grain difficulty, we may use
huang-chin, huang-ch'iu vegetable, t'ung-hao, hemp leaves, creeper bean,
and bracken as food supplements.
3. The district and township governments must thoroughly implement the
resolutions of the province and county on this issue, and guide the
townships with more grain to help those with less, grain. The villages with
more grain must help those with less grain, and the households with more
grain must help those with less grain, so that the soviet masses, under the
significance of class mutual help, will break down the manipulation of the
rich peasants and rice merchants and solve the difficulty of shortage
between the green crops and the yellow harvest.
It is hoped that the governments of all levels, upon receipt of this order,
will strive to perform the task without neglect. It is so ordered.
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman
Hsiang Ying, Vice Chairman
Chang Kuo-tao, Vice Chairman
Lin Po-ch'u, Chief of National Economy Department
? Order No 42, Central People's Committee, Soviet Republic of China--on Solving
the Grain Problem of the Masses (mimeographed)
6080
CSO.: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
REPORT AT THE LAND INVESTIGATION MOVEMENT RALLY OF RESPONSIBLE PERSONS OF
SOVIETS OF THE CH'U LEVEL AND ABOVE OF THE EIGHT COUNTIES
[Text] I. The Land Investigation Movement Is the Momentous Central Task
of a Vast Area
As shown by all past experiences, only when the land issue is correctly
solved and the flame of the rural class struggle raised to the maximum
height under the firm class slogans will the broad peasant masses become
activated and, under the leadership of the proletariat, join the revolutionary
war and the soviet constructions of all aspects, build a firm revolutionary
base, add a greater strength to the soviet movement, and strive for larger
developments and victories.
According to the experiences of the progress of the land revolution, the
development of the rural class struggle has its corresponding stages. The
land struggle includes (1) the stage of confiscating and distributing
land, (2) the stage of land investigation, and (3) the stage of land construc-
tion. According to the three stages of the land struggle, three types of
areas exist in any soviet region: (1) area of intensive struggle, (2) area
where the struggle lags behind, and (3) newly developed area.
In the newly developed areas, the land struggle is still in the stage of
confiscation and distribution. The central issue here is to overthrow the
political power of the landlord class by force, build a revolutionary
provisional political regime (the revolutionary committee), local worker-
peasant militia, and revolutionary mass organizations, confiscate the land
and assets of the landlord class and the land of the rich peasants, distribute
the land to the farm laborers and poor and middle peasants, allocate the
inferior land to the rich peasants, cancel the debts and burn the land
deeds and loan agreements. The struggle in this stage includes the entire
period from the time when the revolution and the counterrevolution begin to
join in battle to the time of the disposal of the land and assets of the
counterrevolutionaries after the revolution has overcome the counterrevolu-
tion.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
In areas where the struggle is intensive, a consolidated soviet political
regime has been established, the local militia and the revolutionary mass
organizations have been extensively developed, the feudal.and semi-feudal
forces of the landlords and rick peasants have been completely subjugated,
the land has been thoroughly distributed, and the struggle of the peasant
masses on the land issue has progressed to the stage of land improvement
and production development. Therefore, the central issue here is land
construction.
In areas where the struggle has dropped behind, the development stage is A
situated between the two stages discussed above. The.period of provisional
political power has progressed to the period of formal political power, but
not yet completely consolidated. The counterrevolutionary struggles of the
landlords and rich peasants have been defeated by the revolutionary masses
in the first period. From that time on, many among them, with one shake of
the body, took down their counterrevolutionary masks and donned the revolu-
tionary masks, also supporting the revolution and land division and calling
themselves impoverished peasants entitled to land allocation. They were
very active and relied on their historical superiorities, "articulate and
literate." Therefore, they stole the fruits of the land revolution during
the first period. The innumerable facts prove that they usurped the pro-
visional political power, infiltrated the local militia, manipulated the
revolutionary organizations, and acquired more and better land than the
impoverished peasants. By the time of the second period, as a result of
supervision of the higher level government and the development of the mass
struggle, the revolutionary committee was reorganized into the soviet, and
the mass organizations and local militia were also initially reformed and
developed. A part of the spurious revolutionary elements were purged. In
many areas, the land was divided a second time, or even a third or fourth
time. A part of the land stolen by the landlords and rich peasants was
repossessed. Nevertheless, many class deviationists still remain hidden
in the soviet mass organizations and local militia where they "hang out the
red belt and address each other as comrades," where they create rumors and
hold secret meetings, and where they revile the masses as "leftwing
opportunism," "hitting the local tyrants indiscriminately," and "using the
public to repay a private grudge." Or, they "are most enthusiastic in
expressing their opinions at meetings but do nothing afterward." When
the struggle is violent, they organize counterrevolutionary secret organiza-
tions, such as the Kuomintang, the Social Democratic Party, the AB League,
the New Communist Party, and all types of things, for the purpose of
sabotaging the revolution and injuring the positive revolutionary elements.
In general, the landlord and rich peasant class uses all kinds of means to
suppress the mass struggle, protect their privileges in political power and
in land and property, and defend their remnant feudal force. In such areas,
the revolutionary masses and the landowners and rich peasants are waging
a severe struggle, except that, unlike the open struggle between the Red
and White banners in the first period, it is a struggle between the revolu-
tionary peasant masses and the landlord and rich peasant elements covered
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
by false masks. Such struggle has its special difficulties. The hidden
counterrevolutionaries are unlike the open counterrevolutionaries whom the
peasant masses can see at one glance. With the many types of deep-rooted
rural feudal relations, such as the national relations, it is not an easy
matter to raise the class awareness of the peasant masses and make them
realize the necessity of the final destruction of the feudal remnants.
Therefore, it is necessary for the Communist Party and the Soviet Government
to explain patiently to the peasants, perform much arduous work, and follow
the correct class line and mass work method. Here, the central issue is
land investigation and class investigation. If this issue is not solved,
the revolutionary positivity of the peasant masses cannot be developed to
its maximum, the remnant feudal forces cannot be completely destroyed, the
soviet cannot obtain its maximum consolidation, and such important tasks
as expanding the Red Army, raising funds for it, enlarging the local
militia, undertaking land and economic constructions, and developing culture
and education', cannot attain the maximum success. Therefore, the land
investigation movement is the most central and most important task of these
areas.
Take the central soviet areas as an example: The struggle is relatively
behind in a large part of such areas. The land issue has not been solved
in the entire 13 counties of Hui-ch'ang, Hsun-wu, An-yuan, Hsin-feng, Lo-an,
I-huang, Kuang-ch'ang, Shih-ch'eng, Chien-ning, Li-ch'uan, Ning-hua, Ch'ang-
t'ing, and Wu-p'ing, the greater portion of the counties of Jui-chin, Yu-tu,
Po-sheng, Sheng-li, and Yung-feng, a portion of the counties of Kung-lueh,
Wan-t'ai, Kan-hsien, Shang-hang, Yung-ting, and Hsin-ch'uan, and even the
districts of Chun-ts'un and Huang-t'ang in Hsing-kuo.
The peasant masses of such areas have not been most extensively activated,
and the feudal forces have not been finally overcome. Many class devia-
tionists are hidden and active in the soviet political regime, mass organiza-
tions, and local militia, and many counterrevolutionary secret organizations
pursue surreptitious activities in all areas to sabotage the revolution.
For this reason, the war mobilization and economic and cultural construction
of such areas lag far behind the advanced areas (almost the entire county
of Hsing-kuo; a part of Sheng-li, Kan-hsien, Wan-t'ai, Kung-lueh, Yung-feng,
and Shang-hang; Huang-p'o District of Po'sheng, Wu-yang District of Jui-chin,
Hsin-p'o District of Yu'tu, and Ch'i-nan District of Yung-ting). These
backward areas constitute almost 80 percent of the central region and their
masses number 2 million or more. To launch a general and intensive land
investigation movement in such vast areas, ignite the flame of the class
struggle among the 2 million masses for a final battle with the faudal
forces, and knock them down completely constitute the urgent task of the
Communist Party and the Soviet Government.
II. The First Step of the Land Investigation Movement--Large-scale
Organizational Mobilization
How do we proceed with the land investigation movement? First of all, it
requires organizational mobilization. As indicated by the experiences in
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
leading mass struggles in soviet areas, only when the Communist Party, the
soviet, and the mass organizations take concerted action under party
guidance will we attain success in all our struggle tasks. The land
investigation movement is a cruel and violent class struggle, a great
revolutionary mass movement, the fundamental improvement of the mass organiza-
tion work of the party and the soviet, and the most important link in the
current work. Only when the entire party and the entire soviet labor union
mobilize all their forces to join this movement will we activate, launch,
and complete it. In regard to the mobilization of the party, the Central
Bureau has already issued a correct directive. In regard to the mobilization
of the soviet, the past error of considering. the land investigation the
exclusive function of the land department must first be rectified. Not only
the finance, military affairs, national economy, and education departments
considered themselves unrelated to the movement, but the worker-peasant
procurators' department, the judicial department, and the political security
bureau also thought that they did not have much to do with it, and even
the presidiums paid no attention to it. This is completely wrong. We must
understand that no part of the soviet may divorce itself from the movement.
First, the government presidiums of all levels must devote their maximum
attention to leading the movement. Next, the land, worker-peasant procurators',
and judicial departments and the national security bureaus of all levels
and their special representatives must serve as the main leading and work
units in the movement. To thoroughly solve the land issue in the movement,
reform the soviet of the township, district, and county, and purge the rural
counterrevolution, the above-named government units must exert their
maximum effort. The finance department must attack the remnant feudal
forces by fining the landlords and assessing donations from the rich
peasants while increasing the state revenue. The military affairs department
must give attention to the rectification and expansion of the local militia
in the land investigation movement and mobilize the positive elements
among the masses to join the Red Army. The national economy department
must give attention to the recovery and development of agricultural and
handicraft production, the growth of the cooperative, and the balancing of
production and consumption in the development of the land investigation
movement. The education department is not without its duties. It must, for
the purpose of deploying the land investigation movement, supply some simple
and popular texts and pamphlets to the land investigation cadres and the
masses. With the development of the movement, it must promote the culture
and education of the masses. As the largest majority of labor union members
in the soviet areas are in the rural village and closely linked with the
land, and as the land investigation movement is a great and violent class
struggle, the proletariat must serve as the staunchest. leader. Therefore,
be they agricultural, handicraft, or other labor unions, they must, under
the leadership of the National General Labor Union Executive Bureau,
mobilize their best cadres and all rural members to participate in the land
investigation movement. The most important thing is to produce a motivating
and encouraging effect in the poor peasants' leagues and make firm proposals
on land investigation, class. investigation, and government reform. In
general, the land investigation movement is not a commonplace trivial task,
and it cannot be thoroughly completed in a month, or even 6 months. Therefore,
the party, the league, the government, and the labor union must coordinate
for a large-scale mobilization.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Here we will discuss the issue of educating the cadres. First, a meeting
of lower level responsible persons must be called and full explanations
of the several major issues in the land investigation movement given them.
So far, most of the soviet personnel of the various levels do not realize
that the land investigation movement is an urgent task; they do not know
how to distinguish the class classifications; they fail to understand the
lines and methods of winning the masses and launching the struggles.
Therefore, they have not been able to launch the movement. Next, such
education must also be conducted on the cadres transferred from the local
lower level and from all advanced areas. Short-term land investigation
movement training classes must be held. The provincial and county govern-
ments must hold such training classes many times for the land investigation
movement, lasting 1 to 2 weeks, and teaching specially the several major
issues in the movement. The land department, worker-peasant procurators'
department, and political security bureau of the provincial, county, and
district governments must each organize a group of work personnel (most of
those of the district will remain on their jobs) and give them full education
on land investigation work. Thirdly, one type of education is conducted
in action. In other words, the provincial and county governments must send
men out to inspect the work, and the district level must call a meeting of its
own land investigation work personnel and township soviet and poor peasants'
league chairmen every 5 to 7 days and inspect their work, because just the
first two methods of education alone will not produce the maximum result.
.III. Launch the Land Investigation Movement according to the Development
Situation of the Rural Class Struggle
We mentioned in the first chapter that there are three types of areas in
the soviet regions:
(1) Areas of intensive struggle;
(2) Areas where the struggle lags behind;
(3) Newly developed areas.
Not just in the provinces, but some outlying counties have the same
situation. Yung-feng, for instance, has all three types of areas existing
at the same time. In the majority of the outlying counties, there exist
the relatively backward and the newly developed areas. As for the interior,
generally the counties are entirely backward, but relatively advanced are
also found. Most of the districts in Hui-ch'ang, for instance, are backward,
but Hsi-chiang District is relatively advanced. The situation in Jui-chin
is different. Wu-yang District may be considered an area of intensive
struggle; T'ao-huang, Huang-po, Sha-hsin, Jui-lin, Chiu-pao, Yun-chi,
Tu-t'ou, and Ch'eng-shih, a total of eight districts are relatively advanced;
the remaining six districts are lagging behind. Nevertheless, regardless
of which district in which county, as long as its soviet has been established
and it has gone through the stage of land confiscation and division,
usually relatively advanced and relatively backward villages are found.
- Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Is there the situation of unbalanced development in a village? It exists
in many areas. In many areas, the small villages (small hamlets) are
advanced and the large villages (large hamlets) are backward. In other
areas, due to the difference in historical background, one may find that
some individual large villages are advanced, while some individual small
villages are backward. Such a situation determines our work direction.
When launching the land investigation movement in each of the counties,
districts, townships, and even villages,-we must concentrate our maximum
attention on the backward portions and devote our maximum effort to them.
Equal treatment and equal effort are incorrect. It is even more incorrect
to shift the work direction to the areas which are easy to develop and
ignore the difficult areas because of the difficulties of winning the
masses and launching the struggle in the backward areas on ground that
"it is impossible to fight one's way in." In regard to the steps of the
work, when it comes to a township, naturally we must start with the villages
and hamlets which are easy to activate, but the center of our work plan
must still remain with the backward villages and hamlets. To eliminate
the specially backward situation of a certain village or hamlet (temporarily
"impossible to fight one's way in"), it is perfectly proper to start with
the villages and hamlets which are easy to handle, thereby influencing the
backward villages or hamlets, and activating immediately thereafter their
struggles. But when it comes to a county or district, it is different.
When planning the land investigation movement of a county or district, we
must vigorously attack the backward districts and townships to begin with
and devote our secondary effort to the relatively advanced ch'us and hsiangs.
The situation of unbalanced development produces another method, i.e.,
mobilizing the cadres from the advanced areas to lead the land investigation
movement in the backward areas. While it is important to mobilize the
cadres from Hsing-kuo and other most advanced areas to the backward areas,
it is just as urgent to mobilize those of relatively advanced areas to the
backward areas. All advanced and relatively advanced areas must take the
responsibility of guiding the backward areas, and all backward areas must
emulate the advanced areas. Only thus will the land investigation movement
be rapidly deployed.
Chapter I ? "RED CHINA," No 86, 17 June 1933
A "Red Flag Weekly," No 49, 31 August 1933
Chapter II ? "RED CHINA," No 87, 20 June 1933
* "Struggle" (Shanghai), No 51, 14 August 1933
Chapter III ? "RED CHINA," No 88, 23 June 1933
* "Struggle" (Shanghai),. No 52, 30 August 1933
6080
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
CONCLUSIONS OF THE LAND INVESTIGATION MOVEMENT RALLY OF RESPONSIBLE
PERSONS OF SOVIETS OF THE DISTRICT LEVEL AND ABOVE OF THE EIGHT COUNTIES
[Text] After hearing the report of Comrade Mao Tse-tung, chairman of the
Central Government, on the land investigation movement and 5 days of
detailed discussions, the Land Investigation Movement Rally of Responsible
Persons of Soviets of the District Level and Above of the Counties of
Jui-chin, Hui-ch'ang, Yu-tu, Sheng-li, Po-sheng, Shih-ch'eng, Ning-hua, and
Ch'ang-t'ing called by the Central Government from 17 to 21 June 1933, has
profoundly understood the importance of the movement. It feels that, in the
great victories of the soviet movement, as the tens of millions of the
masses in the soviet areas have established their own political power,
confiscated the land of the landlord class for distribution to the peasant
masses, and restricted the exploitation of the workers by the capitalists,
and as the broad masses have aroused their positivity in the revolutionary
victories, great achievements in the revolutionary war and the soviet
construction have been made, innumerable enemy attacks repelled, the soviet
areas expanded, and the vigorous development of the.soviet movement
promoted. All these have been a result of the correct leadership of the
Communist Party and the Soviet Government and the positive support of such
leaderhsip shown by the broad masses. However, it does not mean that no
serious problem exists in the soviet areas. Precisely because of the
vigorous development of the soviet movement that the class enemies within
and without the soviet areas are insanely waging their desperate struggle
and resistance. Outside the soviet areas, the enemies resort to military
attacks. Inside, they follow another pattern. The landlords, rich
peasants, and class deviationists conceal their true counterrevolutionary
nature and utilize the opportunities in many soviet areas where the land
issue has not been completely solved. Many among them still possess certain
economic bases, such as the many landowner elements whose land and assets
have not been completely confiscated and the many rich peasant elements who
have been allocated good land. Many of them also have infiltrated the soviet
organs, mass organizations, and the local militia. They abuse the prestige
of the soviet, suppress the development of the mass struggle, deceive,
bribe, and threaten a part of the masses, spread rumors, organize secret
- Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
societies, falsely accuse and injure the positive work personnel of the
soviet, and pursue all types of conspiratorial and disorderly activities.
Such a situation is actually discovered frequently in many.areas of the
central soviet regions. The Rally of the Eight Counties feels that this is
a serious problem. To destroy finally the remnant feudal forces, thoroughly
solve the land issue, and consolidate the soviet political power, an exten-
sive and intensive land investigation movement must be launched. The
Rally of the Eight Counties feels that the land investigation movement is
actually a cruel and violent class struggle, a great mass revolutionary
movement, and the most important link in the current work. Therefore, the
land investigation movement requires a large-scale organizational mobiliza-
tion, firm implementation of the class line, and patient and.complete mass
work. The Rally unanimously supports the order of the Central Government
on the land investigation movement and fully subscribes to the following
conclusions.
I. Organizational Mobilization
1. All units of the government must take concerted actions. Not only the
land, worker-peasant procurators', and judicial departments, and the
political security bureau must shoulder the main responsibility of the land
investigation movement, but the finance, military affairs, national economy,
and education departments must also perform all items of necessary work in
the movement, while the government chairman and the presidium must serve as
the leaders of the entire movement. To feel that it is only the function of
the land department is wrong.
2. The county, district, and township levels must all organize land investi-
gation committees, under the governments of the various levels and in charge
of the general leadership responsibilities of the movement. In addition to
the responsible persons of the government, the committee members must also
include the personnel of mass organizations.
3. The county soviet must immediately formulate a countywide land investi-
gation movement plan for July. Thereafter, the land investigation movement
plan for the following month must be formulated at the end of each month.
4. The district soviet must call a meeting of the chairmen of township
soviets and poor peasants' leagues and formulate a plan for the work of the
first 7 days. Thereafter, there must be plan formulation and work inspection
every 7 days. Nevertheless, for those townships which are too far away,
the parties concerned may attend the meetings at the district soviet every
14 days. For those townships which are not too far away, the parties
concerned must attend the meetings every 7 days, in order to promote the
rapid development of the land investigation movement. .
5. In regard to the mobilization pattern of the township level, attention
must be given to the following: (1) the township congress, (2) the labor
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
union, (3) the poor peasants' league, (4) the women's congress, (5) the
Red Guard and Young Pioneers, (6) other revolutionary organizations, and
(7) village and hamlet mass meetings. Only through such organs, organiza-
tions, and mass meetings will the maximum strengths be mobilized into
the land investigation movement. Any method tending to reduce. the sphere,
seeking convenience without regard to the majority of the masses, is
incorrect.
6. The county soviet must hold a land investigation movement training
class which will include one person from every township and continue for
10 days. Then a second training class must be held, also including one
person from every township. The most positive elements among the township
soviet congress, poor peasants' league, and labor union will be selected
for training and afterward returned to their original townships to lead the
J movement. However, those from the advanced districts and townships must
be sent to the backward districts and townships to work. There must be two
classes every month during the 3 months of July, August, and September.
The provincial soviet must select the positive elements from the advanced
counties and districts to hold a land investigation movement training
class and send the graduates to lead the movement in the backward counties
and districts.
7. For the success of the land investigation movement, the organization
of the government departments must be immediately made sound, mainly by
eliminating double-duty and the habit of frequent transfers and adding the
required work personnel.
8. The township level must organize a confiscation division committee,
elected by the poor peasants' league and serving under the township soviet,
and in charge of confiscating the land and assets of the landlords and rich
peasants.
II. Implementation of the Correct Class Line in the Land Investigation
Movement
1. Relying on the poor peasants, allying with the middle peasants, and
enabling the farm laborers to produce a leadership effect in order to
completely eliminate the landlord class, block the rich peasants from
stealing the land benefits of the revolution, and weaken their economic
hold constitute the correct class line and struggle strategy which must
be firmly followed in the land investigation movement. In regard to allying
? with the middle peasants, it must be started from respecting the interests
of the middle peasants. Without the consent of the parties concerned, the
land of the middle peasants (including the well-to-do middle peasants)
must not be divided. At the beginning of the land investigation, the
policy of allying with and respecting the interests of the middle peasants
must be generally propagandized. In the process of land investigation, the
borderline cases between middle and rich peasants must be determined
carefully, without any mistake. In dividing the confiscated land and assets,
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
attention must be given to the middle peasants and the individual
impoverished elements among them must not be left out. In regard to enabling
the farm laborers to produce a leadership effect, mainly it is by urging
them to join the poor peasants' league and form a farm laborers' cell, in
order to rally the positive poor peasant elements through them, develop
the poor peasants' league, and hasten the progress of the land investigation
movement. When dividing the confiscated land and assets, the farm laborers
must be given priority.
2. Correctly analyzing the class classifications from the actual social
relations is an important part of implementing the class line. The errors
on this issue committed in the past must be promptly rectified. All actual
class classification problems must be solved according to the criteria set
forth in "How To Analyze the Classes." The criteria must be widely
explained among the masses, primarily the cadres.
3.. The goal of land investigation is "class investigation," not land
redivision. The idea that land investigation requires "staking" is incorrect.
Only after the conclusion of the cruel struggle of class investigation and
when the majority of the masses demand the redivision of certain individual
parcels will redivision be permitted. Such strict distinction is not only
for the purpose of stabilizing the land ownership of the peasants, so that
they will not be alarmed over the "uncertain land division," but also for
the success of the "class investigation" struggle when we must concentrate
our entire force (especially allying with the middle peasants) against the
resistance of the landlords and rich peasants. At this time, there must
not be any dissension in the peasants' own ranks.
4. All possible clan and local disputes must be avoided, and all forces
united to deploy the struggle against the landlords and rich peasants.
Therefore, activating the impoverished masses of the particular village and
the particular clan to clarify the landlords and rich peasants of the said
village and the said clan is an important strategy of the land investigation
movement. Similarly, the struggle to break down superstition (though proper)
must be subordinated to the "class investigation" struggle.
III Mass Work
First of all, we must rectify the neglect of winning the majority of the
masses in many areas and the bureaucraticist and commandist work pattern.
We must understand that only by patient and arduous work to activate and win
the masses will we gain the support of the majority, bring out their
maximum positivity, and attain the goal of the complete destruction of the
feudal remnants. Such mass work is the only guarantee %to the implementation
of the class line and must be manifested in the following practical actions
in the land investigation movement.
1. The start of the land investigation movement must be widely propagan-
dized in all the villages and hamlets, and the necessity of the movement
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
explained to the masses. Land investigation is class investigation, not
land redivision; class investigation is not an encroachment on the middle
peasants. It is especially important to explain the distinctions among
the landlords, rich peasants, and middle peasants to the masses. Village
and hamlet mass meetings must be held more than once. The most backward
villages and hamlets, especially, must hold more meetings, so that our
land investigation movement propaganda will reach every member of the
revolutionary masses. To attain this goal, we must first explain the
movement clearly to the positive elements of the township congress, labor
union, poor peasants' league, laboring women's congress, and other mass
organizations and generally and intensively propagandize to the broad masses
through them.
2. After collecting the reports on the classifications of the landlords
and rich peasants, the actual investigation must not be performed by only the
few persons of the land investigation committee. The positive elements of
the township congress, poor peasants' league, and labor union must be
activated to investigate from all sides, uncover and prove to the masses
the many complex exploitations and evil activities of the landlords and
rich peasants, and disprove the erroneous reports involving the middle
peasants.
3. After the poor peasants' league has passed on the classifications of
the investigated landowners and rich peasants, they must be passed on by
the township soviet and approved by the district soviet. During the process,
attention must be given to all the interference and resistance of the landlord
and rich peasant elements hidden in the poor peasants' league and the soviet.
In regard to them, they must be severely attacked. Meanwhile, attention
must be given to the erroneous classification of the middle peasants. Before
confiscation, mass meetings must be held in the village and hamlet of the
party concerned and the consent of the masses obtained after detailed
explanation. In the past, for the sake of convenience, many areas overlooked
such procedure at mass meetings and caused the dissatisfaction of the
masses, or even serious clan or local disputes. Such error must not be
repeated hereafter.
4. In regard to the confiscated property, except cash or its equivalent
(such as gold and silver jewelry) which must be surrendered to the finance
department, all items must be distributed to the impoverished masses. The
erroneous practice of delivering all confiscated property to the government
found in many areas in the past must be thoroughly rectified. When
distributing property, a larger portion must be given to the masses in the
village where it is located, in order to win their satisfaction. The
grain confiscated at the time of fall harvesting or not long thereafter
may, with the consent of the masses, be temporarily stored for distribution
to the impoverished masses in the following spring and summer. However,
when the masses demand distribution, it must be immediately distributed.
In regard to the confiscated land, besides reserving the public enterprise
field and the Red Army public field, it must all be distributed to those who
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
have been allocated no, or inadequate, land. The distribution or property
and land must be prompt; there must not be a long delay after confiscation.
Mass meetings must be held when distributing land and property and lists
posted so that everyone will be informed.
5. Winning the backward villages and hamlets, especially the large
villages, is the important task of many areas. Therefore, attention must
be given the following points: (1) The impoverished masses of the particular
village must be activated and its landlords and rich peasants clearly
investigated. (2) Many mass meetings to "discuss the classes" must be held.
(3) The positive elements must be located and trained properly, even if there
is only one of them; the local masses must be contacted through them in order
to develop the poor peasants' league and launch the local class struggle.
(4) In areas where the situation is specially serious, the reactionary
elements blocking the struggle must first be arrested, tried at public
trial mass meetings, and, with the approval of the masses, executed by
shooting, and the mass struggle immediately launched thereafter. (5) In
areas where there have been clan wars, "unity agreements" must be signed at
the meetings of representatives of the two clans, which must mutually
admit their past errors and agree to replace the clan war with the class
struggle. All the foregoing are the necessary methods to win the backward
villages and hamlets, especially the large villages. Here, we must oppose
the capitulation of the large villages out of fear, the commandist method
of severance from the masses, the opportunist laissez-faire toward the
reactionary elements, and the clan, border, and local disputes. Only thus
will we win over the revolutionary masses of all the backward villages and
eliminate the feudal remnants in such villages.
6. The poor peasants' league is an organization which produces a great
effect in the land investigation movement. In some areas where the league
is in name only, without substance, it must be organized immediately. In
areas where it has been organized, its positive elements must be immediately
rallied, its backward elements won over, and the class deviationists and
other evil elements which have infiltrated it firmly purged. Dissolving
and reorganizing the entire league must be avoided as much as possible.
Such a commandist method of dissolving the league just because a meeting
cannot be convened after one or two attempts is completely incorrect.
Superior propaganda and stimulation must be used to attract the positive
elements to the meetings. Even when only a minority comes, a meeting must
be held, in order to develop the membership. The league must include all
the rural worker masses who are willing to join, and a worker cell must
be formed in the league. to produce a motivating and leadership effect. The
middle peasants must not join the poor peasants' league, but they may be
invited to the meetings as observers, especially when passing on the class
classifications. The three-member managers' committee of the poor peasants'
league must be changed to a five-member committee, a chairman elected among
them, and small groups formed below them, consisting of 5 to 15 persons
according to their residences. In regard to poor peasants' league meetings,
when the land investigation movement is tense, a meeting may be held once
every few days; after the conclusion of the movement, meetings may be held
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
according to the regular schedule. Nevertheless, when it comes to frequent
meetings, consideration must be given to the feelings of the membership
masses, and any coercion is detrimental. Before each meeting, the township
soviet chairman must direct the poor peasants' league committee to make full
preparations of the agenda. Unprepared meetings are the worst habit.
During the land investigation movement, the district soviet must call a
meeting of the poor peasants' league chairmen every 7 or 14 days to discuss
such issues as how to make sound the organization of the league and how to
lead the struggle. When necessary, a provisional districtwide poor
peasants' league congress may be called.
IV. Reform of the Soviet
1. Reforming the unsound soviet organs in the land investigation movement and
turning them into soviets representing the interests of the workers and
peasants and possessing full working capacities constitute an important
task at the present time.
2. Reforming the local soviet organ includes two aspects: Purging the
undersirable elements and attracting the positive revolutionary elements.
On purging the undesirable elements, the worker-peasant procurators'
departments of the county and district must shoulder the main responsibility.
In regard to the method, with the development of the "class investigation"
struggle, a prosecution committee is organized on the township level to
embark upon prosecution. The township prosecution committee must include
two members of the labor union, five of the poor peasants' league, two of
the women's congress, one of the youth league light riders' team, and one
from the Young Pioneers. The committee elects two chairmen among themselves
and serves directly under the worker-peasant procurators' department. The
target of prosecution consists mainly of the class deviationists infiltrating
the township congress and elements which are completely severed from the
worker-peasant interests and have capitulated to or compromised with the
landlords and rich peasants. The method of prosecution is as follows:
First, the names .and crimes of such elements are listed and posted for the
opinions of the masses of the entire township. Next, after collecting the
opinions of the masses, the committee reaches a conclusion. Thirdly, the
conclusion is submitted to the township soviet congress for discussion and
for approval of dismissal. Fourthly, after reporting to the district
soviet worker-peasant procurators' department and with the approval of the
district soviet presidium, the dismissals are announced to the masses of
the entire township in the name of the worker-peasant procurators' depart-
ment.,y:w the prosecution movement, the shock troops of the worker-peasant
procurators,=Oopartment, the correspondents, and the accusation box must be
put in full action. Those with the most serious crimes must also be tried
at mass trials and delivered to the judicial department for handling
according to law. The significance of prosecution and public trial is
that, while purging the undesirables in the soviet, the broad masses
receive an education so that they will understand the necessity of purging
the undesirables from the soviet and supervise and support the soviet. As
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
a result, no such undesirable elements will continue to be found in the
soviet. Prosecutions and public trials must not be expanded to include, as
in the past, those who are not very positive or those who have only made
minor errors. In regard to such elements, mainly we must win them over by
criticism and stimulation. Before a public trial, full propaganda must be
made to the masses, explaining the crimes of the culprit, in order to
prevent him from deceiving a part of the backward elements and causing
trouble at the meeting ground before the trial. In areas where there are
clan, house boundary, or village boundary disputes, public trials must not
be held lightly. Only when all such nonclass struggles are cleared away
and the masses find it necessary will a public trial be held.
The prosecution of the undesirables in the district and county soviets must,
under the gudiance of the worker-peasant procurators' department of the same
level, be performed by means of a prosecution committee organized by
representatives elected by the mass organizations and the medium and lower
level work comrades (from section chiefs down to cooks) of the same level.
The procedure and contents of prosecution are roughly the same as those of
the township discussed above. In regard to the soviet prosecution movement
launched along with the development of the land investigation movement, the
higher level government presidium and worker-peasant procurators' department
must guide the lower level with plans, inspect its work from time to time,
promptly correct the errors, and collect the concrete experiences for the
education of the lower level government presidiums, worker-peasant procurators'
departments, and their prosecution committees.
3. In regard to attracting the positive elements into the soviet, the town-
ship level must first call a voters' mass meeting to elect the bravest and
staunchest elements in the land investigation struggle to the township
congress and fill the vacancies of the purged undesirables. Advance
preparations must be made for such elections. Several to a dozen or more
substitute representatives may be elected, and it is especially necessary
in areas where many new positive elements are emerging, in order to gradually
replace the backward representatives who are not completely satisfactory.
The next point is to absorb large groups of new positive elements into the
various committees under the jurisdiction of the township soviet, such as
the land construction, forestry, water conservation, and education committees,
in order to make such committees truly stabilized and functioning. The
third point is to make it possible for the majority of the positive elements
in the land investigation struggle to be elected into the township soviet
in the general election of the entire soviet area in the fall this year.
On the district level, in the soviets where there are only a few undesirables
in the district executive committee, the functions of the purged members may
be taken over by the good elements, and the positive elements in the township
soviets must be promoted to the district soviet. In individual areas where
the undesirables constitute a large portion of the district executive
committee, the county soviet must send men to hold a districtwide provisional
congress during the land investigation movement and reelect the district
soviet.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
In regard to the substitute personnel of the county level, there are the
methods of replacing the bad with the good in county executive committee
and selecting and promoting the good elements in the district and township
soviets to work on the county level.
V. Elimination of the Counterrevolution
1. The government organs of all levels and the entire system of the state
political security bureau must pay serious attention to all the activities
of the counterrevolutionary organizations of the hidden landlords and rich
peasants and the individual elements of all areas and fundamentally eliminate
them in the land investigation movement. The political security bureau of
the provincial, county, and district levels and its special representatives
must especially mobilize all their strengths to perform the work of eliminating
the counterrevolution, and the error of overlooking counterrevolutionary
activities in many areas in the past must be rectified.
2. Eliminating the counterrevolution in the land investigation movement is
mainly by guiding the masses to submit information in conjunction with the
class investigation mass struggle, following the thread of the counter-
revolution, and arresting the counterrevolutionary elements. During the
period of the land investigation movement, the special representatives of
the district security bureau have the authority to make arrests. After
pretrial questioning by the special representatives, the culprits are
delivered for trial at the district judicial department. In case of important
culprits, mobile courts must be organized in the hsiang and village of their
residences for public trial in the presence of the masses and on-site
execution with their approval. This will stimulate the hatred and vigilance
against the counterrevolution. The practice of arresting the culprits and
delivering them to the county soviet followed in some areas in the past,
thereby ignoring the wrath of the masses against the counterrevolution and
failing to take the opportunity to educate the masses to exercise continuous
vigilance against the counterrevolution, is undesirable. To attain the goal
of eliminating the counterrevolution, the techniques of detection, arrest,
trial, and imprisonment must be greatly improved.
VI. Attacking the Landlords and Rich Peasants With Fines and Donations
To fundamentally eliminate all the economic bases of the landlords class
and weaken the economic hold of the rich peasants, it is very necessary to
attack them by means of imposing fines on the landlords and assessing
donations from the rich peasants. In view of the fact that the majority,
or the greater majority, of, the landlords and rich peasants of many areas
in the eight counties have not been uncovered, we should be able to raise
800,000 yuan in the months of July, August, and September. The county and
district finance departments must devote their maximum effort to this matter.
The main method is to direct the township soviet to mobilize the farm
laborers' unions, poor peasants' leagues, and other mass organizations,
which will make surveys of the assets of the landlords and rich peasants,
- Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
decide on the suitable amounts of fines or donations, and strongly urge them
to pay. Here, the middle peasants must not be involved. As for the rich
peasants and landlords, a distinction must be made. In other words, the
landlords must be eliminated, while the rich peasants are weakened.
VII. The Relationship Among the Land Investigation Movement, War Mobiliza-
tion, and Economic and Cultural Construction
1. In the success of the land investigation movement, it is entirely
feasible to raise 80,000 Red Army troops in the eight counties. It will
not take long either. It is only necessary to launch an extensive and
intensive land investigation movement in July, August, and September. When
the broadest masses of the eight counties are all activated, it is entirely
feasible to mobilize 80,000 new soldiers to the frontline from the eight
counties in 6 to 10 months. Therefore, the task hinges mainly on the
development and intensification of the land investigation movement. If
our effort is not devoted to the land investigation movement, but only to
the expansion of the Red Army, then we will not succeed, because it was the
fundamental reason for the inadequate achievement of the eight counties in
the past when expanding the Red Army. We must have a profound understanding
of this point.
2. In the success of the land investigation movement, one of the important
tasks at the present time is for the eight counties to generally develop
cooperatives, mainly those of consumer goods, grain balancing, necessary
production tools (mainly farm tools), and loans to the impoverished masses,
in order to resist the cruel exploitation of the broad masses by the specula-
tive merchants. and develop the economy of the entire soviet area against
the enemy blockade. The great organizational strengths of the soviet and
the masses and large sums of capital are needed to wage this battle on the
economic front rapidly and extensively. Therefore, a suggestion has been
made to the Central Government to issue 3 million yuan of public bonds to
be paid in grain, in order to perform the work promptly. The completion
of this work likewise hinges on the success of the land investigation
movement. If a great effort is not devoted to the land investigation
movement and the great majority activated to join the economic construction,
it will be impossible to fulfill the task.
3. Fall harvesting and fall cultivation, the two major undertakings, are
close at hand. They constitute the fundamental crux of the people's living
and the revolutionary war. Therefore, we must, in the land investigation
movement, strive for their complete success this year.
4. The extensive development of the culture and education movement also
can only be realized in the success of the land investigation movement. In
regard to instances such as one club per 1,000 population, one elementary
school per 500 population, one night school per 100 population, and the
great majority of those 16 years of age and above enrolled in the literacy
classes, when the great majority of the masses have become positive, it is
not difficult at all to accomplish. Currently, Hsing-kuo has almost generally
reached.such a standard. It is an excellent example.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
VIII. Enemy Attack
In the enemies' fourth "encirclement and suppression" of our central soviet
areas, though our courageous Red Army has basically defeated Chiang Kai-shek's
main force on the northern front, the enemies are still attacking us. While
their disintegration intensifies day by day and they have innumerable other
difficulties, they never forget to attack us. Currently, the enemies in
Kwangtung have advanced to Hsun-wu and An-yuan, and those in Fukien still
maintain a strong position in Shang-hang, Lien-ch'eng, and Ch'ing-liu. These
constitute a great threat to the eight counties-and their vicinities. To
eliminate fundamentally such enemy forces and expel their remnant. troops,
besides the courageous Red Army, we must mainly rely on a broad mass
warfare, and there is still the urgent fighting task of the land investiga-
tion movement. In face of the enemies pressing in on us, not only must
we not relax on the land investigation movement, but we must double our
effort to deploy it. We must, in the movement, strive to make positive
and arm millions of the masses, eliminate the remnant forces of the landlords
and rich peasants serving as the enemies' fifth columnists, and build an
ironclad soviet. Then, our victory over the enemies will be fully assured.
IX. Supporting the Second All-Soviet Congress With the Success of the Land
Investigation Movement
The land investigation movement must be thoroughly completed before the
Second All-Soviet Congress on 11 December. Therefore, the work in July,
August, and September must be intensified. An inspection mass meeting of
the land investigation movement of the eight counties must be held in
October. When the Central sends men to the various counties for mobile
inspection in August, concrete achievements must be manifested. To hasten
the progress of the movement, the eight counties have voluntarily formed
land investigation movement competition agreements and are struggling for
their full performance.
V. Severely Punishing Those Sabotaging and Resisting the Land Investigation
Movement
In the cruel struggle of the land investigation movement, the class
deviationists and other most evil elements infiltrating the soviet will
inevitably sabotage or resist it. Such elements must be severely punished
according to the order of the Central Government on the land investigation
movement. At the rally this time, which is under the direct leadership of
the Central Government, when all those attending the rally unanimously
supported the policy of the Central Government on the movement and enthusi-
astically discussed the work, land department chief Huang Yen-p'an of
Ho-k'ou ch'u, Ning-hua, actually expressed his fundamental opposition to
the movement. He was severely criticized and attacked by the small group
meeting and the rally. But from beginning to end, he refused to admit his
mistake. The rally felt that he took the standpoint of the class enemies to
resist the land investigation struggle of the broad masses and completely
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
desecrated the functions of the soviet. :It suggested to the Central
Government to dismiss him from his post as land department chief and deliver
him to the Ning-hua county soviet to have his activities supervised. Only
when such most evil elements are purged will the revolutionary ranks be
rectified, the sabotage and resistance of all class enemies overcome, and
the great revolutionary task of the land investigation movement completed.
? "RED CHINA," No 89, 29 June 1933
* "Guide to the Land Investigation Movement," published by the Central
Government, 1933
6080
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
HOW TO DIFFERENTIATE THE CLASSES
June 1933
[Text] 1. What Is a Landlord?
A landlord is a person who possesses land (regardless of the amount), performs
no, or only incidental, labor, and relies solely on exploitation for his
living.
The pattern of exploitation practiced by the landlords is mainly the exploita-
tion of peasants by means of land rent (including school rent). In addition,
they may lend money, hire help, or engage in industry or commerce. But
collecting land rent from the peasants is the main form of their exploita-
tion. Managing the public hall is also one form of land rent exploitation.
The exploitation by the small landlords among them is more cruel. Though
some landlords have gone bankrupt, they still perform no labor after
bankruptcy, but depend on fraud, plunder, and the help of their relatives
and friends; therefore, they are still considered landlords.
The warlords, bureaucrats, local tyrants, and evil gentry are the political
representatives of the landlord class and they are especially vicious
among the landlords.
The landlord class is the main enemy of the revolution. The policy of the
soviet on the landlord is to confiscate all their property and eliminate
the landlord class.
All those helping landlords collect rent and manage the household and
relying on the landlords' exploitation of the peasants for a living must
be included in the same category as landlords.
Those who rely solely, or mostly, on high interest loans for their living
are called usurers. Though they are not landlords, usury is a feudal
exploitation, and all the assets of the usurers must be confiscated and the
usurers eliminated.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Generally, the rich peasants possess land, but there are also those who
possess a part of the land and rent a part from others, or who possess no
land, but rent all their land from others (tie latter two categories are
of a minority). The rich. peasants generally own relatively superior
production tools and liquid capital and perform their own labor. Nevertheless,
they usually rely on exploitation for a part, or the greater part in some
cases, of their living.
The rich peasants' pattern of exploitation is mainly exploiting hired labor
(hiring permanent help). In addition, they may rent a part of their land to
others and practice exploitation by collecting rent. Or, they lend money
on the side, or engage in business or small industry. Most of them also
manage the public hall. Some of China's rich peasants perform their own
labor, without hiring help, but exploit the peasants by means of land rents
and loan interests. Rich peasants regularly practice exploitation, it
being the major practice for many of them.
The policy of the soviet on the rich peasants is to confiscate their land
and only the surplus part of their draft animals, farm tools, and buildings,
and allocate land of relatively inferior quality to them.
Many of the middle peasants possess land; some possess a part of the land
and rent a part from others; some have no land at all, but rent all their
land from others. All of them have a fair amount of tools and rely entirely,
or mostly, on their own labor. Generally they do not exploit others, and
many of them are exploited through land rents and loan interests. The
middle peasants, in general, do not sell their labor. Some of them
(including the well-to-do middle peasants) practice partial exploitation,
but it is not regular or major. All those are middle peasants.
The policy of the.soviet on the middle peasants is to ally firmly with them.
Without their consent, their land cannot be divided. Those without adequate
land must receive allocations the same as the poor peasants and farm laborers.
Some of the poor peasants possess a little land and odd tools, while others
have no land at all and only a few odd tools. Generally, they must rent
land from others to cultivate and are exploited through the payment of
land rents, loan interests, and hiring out (generally the poor-peasants must
sell a portion of their labor). All those in this category are poor peasants.
In land distribution, the poor peasants must receive the same benefits as
the middle peasants and farm laborers. Their existing land and tools are
not confiscated.
2 06
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
5. What Is a Worker?
A worker (including farm laborers) is someone ho has no land or tools,
or a very small amount of land and a few tools, and depends completely, or
mainly, on selling his labor for a living.
In the land revolution, the rural workers must receive the same land
allocations as the poor and middle peasants, and the very small amount of
land and tools owned by some of them must not be confiscated. As for some
households which have someone working in the city, that particular person
is considered a worker. If his family in the village rents land out or
lends money, but does not rely on the rent as the main source of its living,
his land is not confiscated, and he will receive land allocation the same
as the peasants in general. But if his family relies on collecting rent or
making loans as the main source of its living, his land is confiscated, but
his wife and children will receive land allocations, while he, himself, will
not receive land allocation as he is in the city.
? "RED CHINA," No 89, 29 June 1933
* "Guide to the Land Investigation Movement," published by the Central
Government, 1933
* "Collection of Reactionary Communist Documents," Vol 3, 1935
6080
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
ON PROMOTING GRAIN COOPERATIVES
Announcement No 21 of the Central People's Committee
4 July 1933
[Text] The central soviet areas were originally large rice producing areas,
but there is the situation of partial summer famine this year. Some of the
worker-peasant masses do not have enough rice and they suffer great diffi-
culties. This deserves our serious attention. The reason is because the
imperialist Kuomintang's reactionary regime, in its desperate struggle,
resorts not only to all political and military measures, but also the policy
of economic blockade. As a result, the supply of industrial products is
reduced and prices are high. To obtain the necessary industrial articles, the
masses are forced to sell their new grain at a very cheap price. Thus,
the unscrupulous merchants and rich peasants take the opportunity to
manipulate the market and suppress the price of new grain to an alarming
extent. They buy large volumes of grain at the cheapest price, either
hoarding it for future profit or surreptitiously shipping it out, and the
masses do not have enough rice to tide them over between spring planting
and fall harvesting and have to buy it at a high price. The unscrupulous
merchants and rich peasants again make use of the opportunity to manipulate
and raise the price. In some areas, grain is not available even at a high
price. This is the main reason for the summer famine this year. Other
factors such as the natural disaster last year resulting in a bad harvest,
the plunder and destruction of the White army and league bandits in outlying
areas, the lack of attention on planned storage on the part of the govern-
ment, and permitting the export of grain without restriction have all helped
create the grain shortage this year. To remedy the situation, the govern-
ment has formed many measures, such as establishing grain balancing bureaus
and trade bureaus in the various areas and preparing to store large volumes
of grain for the emergency need of the masses. Nevertheless, the main
method to solve the grain supply problem of the worker-peasant masses is
still the grain cooperative. The toiling worker-peasant masses will solicit
capital among themselves. The shares may be paid for in cash or grain
(converted into cash). After the fall harvest when the members need money,
they may sell their grain to the cooperative at a price higher than the
market. After purchasing the grain, the cooperative may store a small part
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-01460R000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
for the emergency needs of its members next year.between spring planting and
fall harvesting and ship the greater part to areas where the price is high
or as export. This continuous purchasing and selling will not only expand
the capital of the cooperative, but also enable the members to receive much
surplus. By this means, we can stabilize the'market, prevent extremes in
grain prices throughout the year in the soviet areas, safeguard the peasants
from difficulties of grain shortage,-avoid the cruel exploitation of the
unscrupulous merchants and rich peasants, and attain maximum improvement of
the life of the workers and peasants. The toiling worker-peasant masses
must immediately mobilize and urge one another to join the grain cooperative.
The many revolutionary mass organizations must devote their maximum effort to
help perform this work. The responsible comrades of the government of all
levels must make the most extensive and intensive propaganda of the significance
and effect of the grain cooperative, lead the masses, help the masses, and
form at least one grain cooperative in every hsiang. We must begin now with
registration and recording and elect the responsible personnel according to
the grain cooperative bylaw issued by the Central Government while building
granaries and performing all preparatory work before fall harvest, so that
the work can be immediately started when the new grain comes to the market.
This is an important task to assure the grain supply of the masses,
consolidate the soviet political power, and enable the revolutionary war
to develop rapidly and successfully; therefore, it must not be overlooked in
the slightest. It is so announced.
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman
Hsiang Ying, Vice Chairman
Chang Kuo-tao, Vice Chairman
4 July 1933
? "RED CHINA," No 94, 14 July 1933
6080
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
RESOLUTION ON "1 AUGUST" COMMEMORATION MOVEMENT
11 July 1933
[Text] The 1st of August is the commemorative day of the worldwide anti-
imperialist war. It is also the commemorative day of the Nanchang Uprising
in China. The Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was born with the
Nanchang Uprising and grew progressively in the course of the struggle. This
year's "1 August" comes at a time when the danger of the new imperialist'bandit
war and anti-Soviet war tremendously intensified, when Japanese imperialism
is committing aggression against China on a broad scale, when the Kuomintang
is openly selling out the three northeastern provinces, Jehol and North China,
it comes at the same time when the high tide of the anti-imperialist and anti-
Kuomintang movement is surging throughout the country, and when the Soviet
movement and the revolutionary war are winning unparalleled great victories.
Therefore, this year's "1 August" has a very great meaning for the revolu-
tionary struggle. With a view to commemorating the establishment of the
Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and giving encouragement and preferential
treatment to the fighters of the Red Army, it is resolved by the Central
Executive Committee:
(1) to approve the proposal of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission
by designating "1 August" of each year as the commemorative day of the
Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army. It is further resolved that on
this year's "1 August" commemorative day war banners be conferred on various
contingents of the Red Army and at the same time medals be awarded to responsi-
ble comrades who led the Nanchang Uprising and to commanders and fighters with
distinguished services of achievement in the Red Army.
(2) to charge the Interior Department and People's Commissar Department with
the production of preferential treatment cards for Red Army families and their
issuance to all members of families of the fighters of the Red Army.
(3) to organize Red Army Public Land Control Committees under the Land
Department of district soviets and under township soviets for the purpose of
managing the production and harvest of Red Army public lands and the custody
of harvested crops. Under the joint jurisdiction.of the Land Department and
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
the Interior Department of district soviets, committees for the preferential
treatment of Red Army families should be organized in township soviets to
handle all matters pertaining to their preferential treatment.
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman of the Central Government
Hsiang Ying, Chang Kao-t'ao, Vice Chairman
?"Red China," No 95, 23 July 1933
11 July 1933
11,667
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
OPEN CABLE MESSAGE AGAINST THE TREASONABLE DARIEN CONFERENCE RECENTLY HELD
July 19 33
[Text] Revolutionary people of the whole country!
A week ago, the landlord-bourgeoisie Kuomintang government, the eternally
faithful running dog of imperialism, in a more sinister and shameless manner
than ever before, held a conference in Darien. On the afternoon of 5 July,
a new agreement was concluded at the Japanese Gendarme Headquarters in
Darien. This agreement contains more concrete and more shameless terms than
the North China Truce Agreement signed on 30 May!
Amid the din of congratulations from the Deputy Commander of the imperialist
Japanese Kwantung Army and near the end of the banquet celebrating their
accomplishment of treason, Lei Shou-yun and company, the traitor representa-
tive of the Kuomintang government, raised their champagne glasses and shook
hands with the representatives of Manchukuo, which the Kuomintang once seem-
ingly called a "puppet," on the one hand greeting the establishment of their
newborn ally and on the other hand putting their final signatures on the irre-
vocable agreement by which they sold out the national interests of China.
The main contents of this new treasonable agreement are: (1) the Kuomintang
government formally recognize Manchukuo and nominally regroup and reorganize
the contingents of Manchukuo troops stationed along the Luanchow-Linyu area;
(2) Japan is allowed to establish surveillance troops in such counties as
Mi-yun and Luan-chou in North China; and (3) the Lu-Yu section of Peking-
Lianong Railway is placed under joint control.
Under the above agreement the Kuomintang has in fact not only formally recog-
nized Manchukuo but even more shamelessly concluded an alliance with that
puppet state, thereby swearing allegiance to their common master, imperialist
Japan. Recent facts tell us that the Kuomintang government has yielded to
the demand of Manchukuo by permitting within a short time the resumption of
postal remittances to and from Manchukuo and altering the existing arrangement
of routing Europe-bound mail in transit through Vladivo stock and Siberia.
These hard facts give lie to the Kuomintang allegation before the people that
Manchukuo is a so-called "puppet." This is a completely shameless deceptive
propaganda. As a matter of fact, the Kuomintang itself is a loyal puppet of
Japanese imperialism; they and Manchukuo are both brothers of running dogs.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Revolutionary people of the whole country!
Only the Soviets can save China! Only the anti-Japanese Red Army which is
accelerating the pace of smashing the fourth "encirclement and suppression"
campaign of the imperialist-Kuomintang is the arm of the revolutionary people
of the whole country! With a view to striving for the national independence
and liberation as well as the territorial integrity of China, the Provisional
Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic calls on the revolutionary
people of the whole country and the revolutionary soldiers in the White army
to unite under the Soviet banner and launch their revolutionary national war,
knock down the imperialist-Kuomintang and bury them in the grave of history!
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman of the Provisional Central
Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic
Hsiang Ying, Chang Kno-t'ao, Vice Chairmen
The Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic, represent-
ing the people of the whole country, is resolutely against the shameless
treasonable agreement concluded by the Kuomintang at the Darien Conference
and absolutely denies in toto the terms of this treasonable agreement. It
calls on the workers, peasants, soldiers and all revolutionaries of the whole
nation to rise in unity against the recent treasonable Darien Conference and
urges them to engage in persistent revolutionary struggle by going on strikes,
closing shops, not attending classes, and abandoning sentry posts, and organize
themselves into holding mass demonstrations and forming armed units in order
to oppose and prevent the execution of the Darien Agreement. The people of
the whole country must clearly recognize that under the puppet alliance be-
tween the Kuomintang and Manchukuo the Japanese imperialist robbers will
inevitably expand their acts of aggression on an even larger scale by active-
ly carrying out attacks against Chahar and Suiyuan and seizing the coastal
provinces in southeast China with a view to participating with international
imperialism in the joint dismemberment of China! At the same time the Japanese
robbers, the oriental gendarme of international imperialism, will keep up
their recent frenzied acts of provocation against the Soviet Union and will
certainly embark upon military adventures of open armed intervention against
the Soviet Union the fraternal ally of the Chinese people!
"Red China," No 95, 23 July 1933
11,667
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
LETTER TO SOVIET GOVERNMENT OF HUANG-PO DISTRICT OF JUI-CHIN COUNTY ON THE
LAND INVESTIGATION MOVEMENT
13 July 19 33
[Text] Comrades of Huang-po Ch'u:
With the help of the working group of the Central Land Department, you have
mobilized the broad masses of workers and peasants in 12 townships of Huang-
po District and enthusiastically initiated the movement to investigate land
and classes. In the course of this intense class struggle you have found out
270 or more families of landlords and rich peasants. They had hitherto been
treated as middle and poor peasants. Some landlords who had been treated as
rich peasants were given land and even good farm land. Compared with 122
cases of landlords and rich peasants which had been disposed of by the soviet
government of this district during the past 3 years, this number makes up
70 percent of the total number of cases handled during that period. In the
course of this struggle of the investigation of land ownership and classes,
you have confiscated a great amount of land and property which were distributed
to poor peasants, suppressed the activities of the reactionaries, heightened
the revolutionary enthusiasm of the masses in the entire soviet sector, purged
a number of alien elements and other elements of the worst type who had sneaked
into the soviet sector, absorbed a great many activist workers and peasants
into our midst, held new elections of district and township soviets, and thus
greatly consolidated the soviet political power. This is a great victory
in the land ownership investigation movement of Huang-po district. However,
the movement has not been brought to its completion. There are still rem-
nants of feudal forces at work and certain reactionary activities going on.
This is particularly true in townships of Shang-tuan, Hsin-chuang and Lan-t'ien
where some alien and bad elements are covertly or overtly active in deceiving
and inciting some of the masses and some of these elements are bent on re-
versing verdicts on past cases. You must pay utmost attention to such condi-
tions and you must mobilize the masses on the broadest scale in these town-
ships to expose the intrigue of these reactionary elements, continue to in-
vestigate the remnant components of landlords and rich peasants, suppress the
reactionary elements in Shang-tuan and other townships, prevent their attempt
to counterattack and reverse prior verdicts, and tirelessly and unflinchingly
lead the masses in their struggle in order to win the final victory in the
land investigation movement.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Having carefully examined the investigation forms on which you have determined
the composition of class elements, we find that most of your decisions on class
elements were correct but a few of them were incorrect. For example, several
families should have been determined as landlords but you had decided them to
be rich peasants or even middle peasants. Your decision on one family was
that he was a usurer but he should have been a rich peasant. In still another
case labor power was not filled out clearly; we hope you will reinvestigate
and then decide: Now with a view to drawing your careful and clear focus
on determining the class elements, we enumerate the errors of your decisions
on the class elements of 10 families as follows:
(1) Chou Tsung-jen (a native of Shang-tuan township) This family has three
persons. They are not engaged in labor (20 years ago he had been a long-term
laborer for 12 years). He owns land of 50 tan which is completely rented out
to others. Each year he collects a land rent of 25 tan of rice and has been
collecting it for 7 years. He also has 2 strips of hilly land which yields
him a few hundred mao a year. He is a lender of mortgaged land rent of 4 tan
from which he deducts 400 yuan. (You decided him to be a middle peasant)
(2) Hsieh Ming-szu (a native of Shang-tuan) with himself as the sole member
of the family. He does not engage in labor. He owns land of 39 tan which is
completely rented out and on which he collects land rent of 16 tan of rice
a year; he has been collecting it for 20 years. He owns a house which is rented
for 1 tan of rice a year and he has been collecting it for 20 or more years.
He lends money totalling 1,040 mao. In the past he had oppressed people in
the rural area and forced the masses to attack the Red Army. (You decided
him to be a rich peasant)
(3) Chu Te-meng (a native of Hsin-chuang township) The family has two per-
sons. They are not engaged in labor. He owns a land of 41 tan which is com-
Oletely rented out to others. He is a lender of mortgaged land rent of 6
tan. He has also been a lender of 30 yuan for 8 or 9 years. (You decided
him to be a rich peasant)
(4) Chung Tung-chi (a native of Shan-ho township) The family has two per-
sons. They are not engaged in labor. He owns a land of 85.1/2 tan. He regularly
hires long-term as well as odd laborers to till 46! tan and rents out 39 tan
of his land. He is a lender of 1 tan of new rice. He manages two pieces of
communal land. (You decided him to be a rich peasant)
(5) Liu Fang-lo (a native of Fu-ch'i township) The family has three persons.
They do not engage in labor. He owns a land of 54 tan and rents from others
another 10 tan on which he pays a land rent of 2 tan, 90 catties. Each year
he collects land rent of 14 tan on his land of 35 tan which he rents out to
others. He has been collecting it for 8 years. He hires long-term and short-
term laborers to till 29 tan of his land. He owes a debt of 1,590 mao. He
has been managing 1 piece of communal land for 8 years. In the past he was
influential in the rural area and had oppressed people. (You decided him to
be a rich peasant)
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Based on the conditions filled out on the investigation forms and viewed from
their land relations and relations of exploitation, the above five families
are not middle or rich peasants but are all landlords (small landlords). In
the families of Chou Tsung-jen, Hsieh Ming-szu and Chu Te-ming, no one is
engaged in labor. They rent out all of their land and are wholly dependent
on rents for their living. They are typical specimen of landlords. Thus
your decision of Chou Tsung-jen as a middle peasant and your decision of
Hsieh Ming-szu and Chu Te-meng as rich peasants are all wrong. As for Chung
T'ung-chi and Liu Fang-lo, no member of these families is engaged in labor
and all are totally dependent on exploitation. The difference between them
and the other three families is that they rented out a portion of their land
and hired long-term laborers to till the other portion of their land at home.
But they are just the same landlords and not rich peasants. This is because
the price of labor power in the rural areas of China is extremely cheap and
many of the landlord class have utilized a part of their land and their old
farm implements by hiring laborers to till them at their home. They have
most cruelly exploited these laborers in various forms of feudal servitude
while at the same time they rent out another part of their land to peasants
to be exploited by them. Here these landlords differ from rich peasants in
that they are not engaged in labor themselves whereas rich peasants are so
engaged in person. Because you have overlooked this point, you have erred
in your decision.
(6) Hsiao Hsu-chiao (a native of Yuan-k'eng township) This family has four
persons. He himself engaged in labor to a small extent (he was killed during
the revolution). He owned a land of 62 tan of which 38 tan were tilled by his
long-term laborers (he had hired long-term laborers for two generations up
to the time of the revolution). He rented out 24 tan of his land (for 36
years). He owned three strips of catalpa tree hilly hand yielding 42 tan of
catalpa wood a year. He lent money amounting to 210 mao. He managed two
pieces of communal land which earned him a land rent of 20 tan of rice a year.
He had been collecting it for 35 years. He had oppressed people in the past.
(You decided him to be a rich peasant)
(7) Liu Chi-ho (a native of Hu-ling township) This family has three persons.
He engages in labor himself to a small extent., He owns a land of 65 tan of
which he hires long-term laborers to till 32 tan and rents out the remainder
of 33 tan on which he collects land rent of 15 tan of rice. He owns three
strips of hilly land which yields him over 30 yuan a year. He has a pond
which yields him 20 or more yuan a year. He rents out six houses collecting
rent in kind of 6 tan of rice a year. He rents out a privy collecting rent
in kind of 30 catties of rice a year. He manages four pieces of communal
land on which he collects rent in kind of 89 tan 29 catties of rice a year.
He was quite influential in the rural area. (You decided him to be a rich
peasant)
Both of the above two families rent out a part of their land but at the same
time hire long-term and short-term laborers to till another part of their land.
They live almost entirely by exploitation. These facts are identical with
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
those of the families of Chung T'ung-chi and Liu Fang-lo. The difference
lies in that they themselves engage in labor to a small extent but only to a
small extent. Thus they should still be determined as landlords but you were
wrong in deciding them to be rich peasants. This is because rich peasants
are actually engaged in production on their land. Those who engage in light
labor to a small extent cannot be said to be rich peasants. The number of such
small landlords who engage in labor to a very small extent but live mostly
by exploitation is not inconsiderable in China.
(8) Ch'en Tse-hung (a native Yuan-k'eng township) The family has five
persons. Only one person is engaged in labor. He owns land of 62 tan and
rents from others another of 10 tan on which he pays land rent of 3 tan of
rice. The land is tilled by himself and by a long-term laborer. He owns two
strips of catalpa tree hilly land which yields him 40 tan of catalpa wood a
year. Each year he hires a long-term laborer as he has done for the last 10
years. He has been a lender of mortgaged land rent of 3 1/2 tan of rice for
3 years. He has been a money lender totalling 500 mao for 20 or more years.
He rents out a room for 4 mao a year for the 34 years. In the past he had
oppressed people in the rural area. (You decided him to be a middle peasant)
Ch'en Tse-hung regularly hires long-term laborers. At the same time he is
also a usurer and administrator of communal land. He relies on exploitation
as the main source of his livelihood, but he is actually engaged in production
on his land. This is a typical specimen of a rich peasant in China. You were
wrong in deciding him to be a middle peasant.
(9) Chung Kuo-fang (a native of Pai-ti township) This family has nine persons,
three of whom are engaged in labor. He owns a land of 112 tan and three strips
of catalpa tree and bamboo hilly land. He has been lending money totalling
3,200 mao for over .10 years. He rents out two rooms for 2 yuan a year. As
rent has not been paid, it has accumulated with compound interest to a total
of 7,000 or more mao. (You decided him to be a usurer)
A usurer is one who depends for his livelihood exclusively or mainly on ex-
ploitation by lending money at high interest. The soviet policy on usurers
is total confiscation. and their elimination. Chung Kuo-fang owns a land of
120 tan which is completely tilled by himself and makes up the main source
of income for his livelihood. We must not determine him to be a usurer and
adopt the policy of eliminating him because he also lends money at high interest.
It is incorrect to take this kind of excessively left point of view by ignoring
his own labor. The correct decision should be to make him a rich peasant,
confiscate his land, his surplus draft animals, farm implements and house, but
he should still be given some relatively poor land to be tilled by his own
labor. Why can't he be called a well-to-do middle peasant? Because his ex-
ploitation by usury has reached the figure of 10,000 mao and it has been a
regular exploitation. Some rich peasants engage in this kind of exploitation
to some extent but this is not regularly done and the amount is certainly not
large..
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
(10) Liu Ch'i-ch'ang (a native of Pai-ti township) This family has four per-
sons. He himself engages in farming to some extent and is also a pig broker.
He owns land of 36 tan and rents from others another of 44 tan on which he pays
15 tan of rice as land rent. He has two strips of hilly land which yield him
20 tan of catalpa wood and peaches a year. He has been hiring long-term
laborers for 18 years. He is a lender of mortgaged land rent of 2 tan and 1
lo of new rice. He manages a communal land which yields him 15 tan of rice
a year. (You decided him to be a landlord)
We have some doubt whether this man should be a landlord. According to the
investigation form, his family has tilled their rice field of 80 tan and two
strips of hilly land. If he hires only one long-term laborer to till them,
it would not be enough so the amount of his own labor is probably quite sub-
stantial. If the amount of his own labor is relatively substantial, then he
should be determined as a rich peasant. You should not adopt the policy of
eliminating him but should treat him according to the elements of a ric4
peasant. Moreover, some landlords rent land to be tilled by long-term
laborers, but this is in the minority and the majority of landlords to not
rent land from others. Now this man has rented the greater part of the land
from others; such is frequently the case with rich peasants. It is, therefore,
necessary for you to find out the condition of his own labor before reaching
a correct decision whether he should be a landlord or a rich peasant. If you
have clearly established that the amount of his own labor is incidental and
quite small,. then your decision is a correct one.
The People's Committee of the Central Land Department
"'Red China," No 95 23 July 1933
13 July 1933
11,667
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONAL PROGRAM OF POOR-PEASANT GROUPS
13 July 1933
[Text] Generally speaking, Poor-peasant Groups have played an important role
in the land revolution. By uniting the broad masses of hired farm laborers
and poor peasants and aligning with middle peasants around them, and under
the leadership of the Communist Party and the soviets, they have exerted their
overwhelming revolutionary strength in overthrowing the feudal and semi-feudal
forces in the rural areas and seized from the landlord class land on which they
have actively promoted production. Moreover, they have also played a great
part in the important work of war mobilization, economic mobilization and
cultural construction. Such-great revolutionary achievements of the Poor-
peasant Groups fully deserve to be commended. However, viewed from present
conditions such achievements have not been made by Poor-peasant Groups in all
areas. Then, too, in the light of these achievements we cannot ignore a num-
ber of shortcomings and errors which exist in their organization and in the
execution of their program. On the contrary, only by viewing their past
achievements and at the same time detecting their shortcomings and errors
or the inadequacies of their achievements in certain respects can they strive
to correct these organizational and operational shortcomings and errors and win
still greater victories in the future and fulfil their assigned responsibilities
in the soviet movement.
Based on materials from many sources, the Poor-peasant Groups have shown many
weaknesses from the organizational and operational standpoint and in some areas
they exist in name only and have no actual work at all. Summing up these
materials, we can divide them into two situations: (1) In some localities
a Poor-peasant Group does not exist in a township but only in a village where
the Poor-peasant Group has a sub-group under it. In some other localities
there is no Poor-peasant Group in a village but only in a township where the
Poor-peasant Group has a sub-group under it. In still other localities a
Poor-peasant Group exists both in a township and in a village; a village Poor-
peasant Group has a sub-group under it. Under a township or a village Poor-
peasant Group there is an executive committee comprised of three operational
sections: chairman, organization and propaganda and all sub-groups are directed
by the executive committee. Meetings are held regularly: in some cases full
executive meetings are held once every 10 days, and sub-group meetings once
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
every 5 days; in other cases full executive committee meets once a week and
sub-groups meet once every 5 days. Any one who wishes to join a Poor-peasant,
Group, regardless of whether he is a hired farm laborer or a toil-and-moil
poor peasant, must be introduced by 3 persons or he cannot become a member.
Thus many of these farm laborers and peasants are being excluded from the
door of the Poor-peasant Group, thereby retarding the development of members
and reducing the effectiveness of the Poor-peasant Group.
(2) Even worse than the above is another kind of situation: in some locali-
ties it was summarily declared that except landlords, rich peasants and middle
peasants, all others were made members of a Poor-peasant Group with someone
appointed as its chairman by a Communist Party branch or a township soviet.
With this done a township is deemed to have organized its Poor-peasant Group.
Now this chairman does not know how many members there are, or what kind of
work is expected to be done, and no meeting has been held in 3 or 4 months,
or even in 6 months or a year. This kind of Poor-peasant group hanging up an
empty name is in reality nothing at all. Its tasks and the role it is destined
to play in the rural area cannot remotely be expected to be accomplished.
Among Poor-peasant group under the first situation, a few have taken over the
functions of a government. For example, such conditions exist in Poor-peasant
Group in Lung-kang township, Wu-yang district and in Hsin-chuang and Pai-ts'un
townships, Jui-chin County. The Poor-peasant Group under the second situation
described above has no regular work schedule and is disorganized and ineffectual.
Both of these phenomena are not good. However, in many localities of the soviet
sector the Poor-peasant Group are organizationally and operationally healthy.
and well-developed. The majority of the members, inbued with an intense spirit
for struggle, are capable of actively discussing various issues of revolutionary
struggle and yet do not encroach upon the functions of their township administra-
tion. They are not only radically different from the Poor-peasant Group of the
second type (hanging up an empty name) but also more advanced than those of the
first type (with errors). They are truly a model of Poor-peasant Group in the
soviet sector and deserve to be emulated by Poor-peasant Group in all areas.
With a view to summing up the past experience of struggle of Poor-peasant
Group, unifying their organization, extensively establishing their regular
operations, and thus fulfilling their important tasks in the present stage of
the revolution, the Central Government, based on its experience in the develop-
ment of the land struggle and acting on the proposal of the Poor-peasant
Group People's Congress of eight counties of Jui-chin, Hui-ch'ang, Yu-tu,
Sheng-li, Po-sheng, Shih-ch'eng, Ning-hua and Ch'ang-ting, promulgates this
Organization and Operational Program of the Poor-Peasant Groups and it is hoped
that the broad masses of poor peasants in rural areas of the whole country
will be united in solidarity and in action under this Program:
.(1) A Poor-peasant Group is not purely an organization of one single class
but one embracing the broad masses of poor peasants under the jurisdiction
of the township soviets. At the same time farm laborers must take part and
form themselves into workers' sub-groups in order to assume the role of posi-
tive leadership inside the organization and unite the poor peasants to become
the most reliable pillar of the soviet political power under the leadership
of the proletariat.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
(2) The function of a Poor-peasant Group is to assist the government in
implementing all its laws and decrees but it does not substitute for the work
of the government. It should express its own views on various questions con-
cerning the interests and rights of the workers and peasants and present pro-
posals to the government.
(3) A Poor-peasant Group should pay particular attention to the interests
and rights of middle peasants, thus enabling them to center around the Poor-
peasant group, form a solid alliance between them and become a strong link
in the coalition between the proletariat and the middle peasants, thereby
facilitating the struggle to eliminate the landlords and oppose the rich
peasants.
(4) Only under the leadership of the Communist Party and the soviets can the
Poor-peasant Group correctly accomplish all their tasks without being trammeled
by such backward peasant ideologies as absolute equalitarianism and localism.
In localities where no Poor-peasant Groups have been set up, they can be pro-
moted by farm labor unions and activist elements among poor peasants. Farm
laborer and handicraft workers' unions must generally accomplish their parti-
cipation en masse in Poor-peasant Groups in order to realize the constant leader-
ship of the proletariat in Poor-peasant groups.
(5) Activist elements among poor peasants should be absorbed into Poor-peasant
Groups during the initial period of its formation in order that it will gradual-
ly become an organization of all poor peasants. With a view to attracting the
latter to participate in Poor-peasant Groups (those bad elements who sabotaged
the land revolution and protected landlords and rich peasants naturally cannot
join even if they are poor peasants), old members of Poor-peasant Groups should
constantly be responsible for carrying out extensive propaganda work and active-
ly looking for poor peasants and farm laborers to join without the formality
of introduction but opening the door wide and leading them into Poor-peasant
Groups. Participation in Poor-peasant groups should be based on the principle
of one's own free will. All farm laborers and poor peasants, men and women,
old and young, may enroll and join. It is wrong to use the method of deputiz-
ing people from each household. With a view to strictly preventing landlords
and rich peasants from sneaking into Poor-peasant Groups, all new members,
whether they were found by old members or voluntarily enrolled themselves,
must be scrutinized according to the criteria of analyzing classes and they
should be immediately expelled if they were discovered to be incorrect elements.
This will protect the Poor-peasant groups from being infiltrated by landlords
and rich peasants.
(6) During the period when land struggle is being launched or land ownership
investigation movement is being carried out, if Poor-peasant Group has produced
a contrary effect because it was loosely organized and ineffectual in the past
or because it was dominated by a small minority of landlords and rich peasants,
it would be totally incorrect to adopt the method of commandism by dissolving
and reorganizing the Poor-peasant Group for this would be departing from the
masses. The proper measure to take at such time is to unite the activist
elements among poor peasants and intensify their education so that they will
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
initiate vigorous struggle within the Poor-peasant Group to expose the swindles
of landlords and rich peasants, strive to keep the members from being influenced
by them, and resolutely purge them as well as those bad elements who can no
longer be individually re-educated from the Poor-peasant Group, thereby strength-
ening the fighting power of the Poor-peasant Group and seizing total victory
of the land struggle and land ownership investigation movement. If the Poor-
peasant Group has middle peasants as members, it is impossible to treat them
as landlords and rich peasants and consider the job.done once they are purged.
It is necessary to go through a process of clear explanation by telling them
why they need not take part in the Poor-peasant Group and that after leaving
the Poor-peasant Group they can still attend its meetings as-observers and all
middle peasants are welcome to attend and listen.
(7) As the Poor-peasant Group is not purely an organization of one single
class, it does not require a strict organizational form of a trade union, nor
does it need definite bylaws or payment of membership dues (when money is needed,
members may be asked to make temporary contributions at general meetings).
Still less does it need a structural system at a provincial, county or dis-
trict level. It is only necessary to organize the Poor-peasant Group at a
township level. A township Poor-peasant Group has sub-groups under it. A
sub-group takes one house (one tiny hamlet) as a unit with members of each
house forming a sub-group. If, however, a house has very few families and thus
very few members, then 2 or 3 neighboring houses can form themselves into a
sub-group. On the other hand, if one house contains a score or more of families
and thus a great number of members, it can be organized into several sub-groups.
(8) To facilitate the work of the Poor-peasant Group, the people's congress
should nominate 3 persons (most activist elements) to form a committee. The
Poor-peasant Group in a larger township or with many members may nominate 5
persons to 7 persons to form a committee. A chairman is nominated by the com-
mittee to take charge of over-all work and no other working section will be
established. Poor-peasant Groups should practice a liberal system of revolu-
tionary democracy. Important questions must be discussed by the people's con-
gress called for that purpose; only ordinary questions are discussed by the
committee alone or with the participation of sub-group chiefs at its request.
(9) Meetings of Poor-peasant Group people's congress, committees and sub-
groups should not be mechanically scheduled at fixed time to avoid formalism.
and diminish the interests'of the members. A meeting should be called prompt-
ly when important questions arise. During the period when class struggle be-
comes particularly intense in rural areas such as during land distribution
and land ownership investigations, membership meetings should be held once
every 3 or 4 days or 5 or 6 days, and committee and sub-group meetings once
every 2 or 3 days.
(10) The work of the Poor-peasant Group should be focused on the interests of
workers, poor peasants and middle peasants at all times and undertaken to
strive for the consolidation and development of the soviet political power.
The important items of the work of Poor-peasant Groups are enumerated as
follows:
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
(a) On the question of confiscating and distributing land, houses, farm
implements and other property of local tyrants, evil gentry and landlords
and the land, surplus draft animals, farm implements and houses of rich peas-
ants, discussion of this question should be centered on how to deal with the
resistance of landlords and rich peasants and how to let the benefits of the
land revolution fall into the hands of workers, poor peasants and middle
peasants. Here special attention must be paid not to harm the interests of
middle peasants but to effect a close alignment with them. Attention must
be drawn to the total elimination of feudal influence in rural areas, without
letting landlords and rich peasants pretend themselves to be middle peasants
and poor peasants in order to steal their land benefits and no effort should
be spared to the extent that not a single landlord shall be allowed to keep
1 ts'un of land and not a single rich peasant shall be allowed to steal one
strip of good land.
(b) Discussion of questions of farm production such as how to carry out
the movements of spring planting, summer planting, autumn harvest and autumn
planting, how to increase manpower and fertilizer, improve seeds, develop
conservancy works, redistribute draft animals, buy farm implements., eradicate
pests, reclaim barren land, plant trees, and protect mountains and forests.
(c) Discussion of questions. of economic mobilization. In addition to the
development of farm production as described above, the main question to be
discussed is how to develop cooperatives such as cooperatives of food-grains,
consumers, credit, production and farm cattle in order to promote the large-
scale development of the national economy to resist the cruel exploitation of
merchants and smash the economic blockade of the enemy, thereby further im-
proving the livelihood of the masses and substantially reinforcing the power-
ful strength of the revolutionary war.
(d) Discussion of questions of relief to famine and starvation such as how to
render mutual help in food, seeds, farming cattle and farm implements during
periods of famine and how to devise ways and means of giving relief to victims
in areas harassed by enemy disturbances.
(e) Discussion of questions of public health of the masses such as initiating
universal health campaigns, talking about sweep-out and clean-up campaigns
to combat sickness and pestilence and protect the health and living of the
masses.
(f) Discussion of questions of preferential treatment of Red Army personnel
such as the cultivation, harvest and conservation of Red Army public land,
helping Red Army families till their land and carrying out the regulations
governing the preferential treatment of Red Army personnel.
(g) Discussion of questions of war mobilization. Here the first question is
the expansion of the Red Army, the second is the raising of funds to help
the Red Army, the third is to comfort the Red Army, and the fourth is
to expand the Red Guard contingents and the Red Guard Young Pioneers units.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
These are all extremely important questions of war mobilization.
(h) Discussion of questions of participation in soviet election and accusa-
tion campaigns such as to insure the election of activist elements among workers
and poor peasants during elections and attract the best elements of middle
peasants to take part in soviet work. When alien class elements are found to
have sneaked into the soviet ranks or when corrupt, passive and sabotaging
elements are discovered, participate in accusation campaigns called by the
workers' and peasants' investigatory department and initiate self-criticism
by soviet workers in order to insure the absolute health of soviet work.
(i) Discussion of questions of how to completely carry out all soviet laws,
decrees, resolutions and orders in all local townships.
(j) Discussion of any major questions which arise at any time. Poor-peasant
Groups must constantly discuss all of the above questions, actively present
proposals to the government, and resolutely participate in all struggles on
the revolutionary front under the leadership of the government for the complete
fulfilment of various revolutionary tasks. Only thus can they constantly have
their own work and truly earn benefits for workers, poor peasants and middle
peasants without becoming an empty organization which exists in name only.
(11) With a view to further strengthening the proletarian leadership of the
peasant masses in rural areas, Poor-peasant Group committees (a few activist
poor peasants may be elected to go along) may propose to hold joint meetings
with the leading bodies of farm labor unions and handicraft workers' unions.
Such joint meetings should be called by labor unions. They may be held to dis-
cuss, for example, the organization of Support the Red Army Committee, Anti-
imperialism and Support Soviet League, Revolutionary Mutual Help Society, and
certain commemorative and demonstration mass meetings and to strive for their
realization by common effort and with unanimous consent.
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman of the Central Government
Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-t'ao, Vice Chairman
15 July 1933
11,667
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
DECISION OF CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ON THE REDEMARCATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE
AREAS
21 July 1933
[Text] The demarcation of the soviet administrative areas is absolutely
different in principle from the demarcation of those of the old reactionary
government. The scope of administrative areas of the old reactionary government
was very extensive because they were bureaucratic organs far removed from the
masses and their aim was only to weaken and oppress the people. The principle
upon which the demarcation of the soviet administrative areas is based is in
complete contrast because they must be as close to the people as possible and
work for the benefit of the masses. Thus the range of a town, district, county
and province must not be too large. The central soviet areas have undergone
not a few changes in demarcation, but they have, generally speaking, kept
their old boundaries without any fundamental alterations. This has greatly
hampered the work of war mobilization and economic and cultural construction.
Therefore, it is resolved by the Central Executive Committee to redemarcate
the administrative areas of the Central soviet sector and stipulates the
standards of their demarcation at various levels as follows:
(A) City: Apart from its own area, a city may govern portions of a town
and village within its environs but their area should not exceed 5 li.
(B) Township:
(1) Township of 1st class. In a densely populated area on the plain, each
township should as a standard rule govern a population of 2,000. If a village
or several villages in the vicinity have a population of more than 2,000, a
township soviet may govern a larger population but it must not exceed the
maximum of 2,500 people. At the same time if for reasons of topography (such
as rivers and streams) it is desirable to divide one township into two, there-
by reducing the population of one township to less than 2,500, then that town-
ship soviet may govern a smaller population.
(2) Township of 2d class. In a locality intermixed with plains and hills
where the population is not as dense as that of a township of 1st class and
where the area is wider, a township may as a standard rule govern a population
of 1,500. If for reasons of topography it is desirable for a township soviet
to cover a wider or smaller area, the population of such a township may be more
or less than 1,500 people.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
(3) Township of 3rd class. In a hilly locality with a sparse population,
each township as a standard rule may govern a population of 1,000. If for
reasons of topography it is desirable for certain villages and hamlets to be
governed by one township, then the population of such a township may exceed
1,000 but its area must not be too extensive or it would run counter to the
soviet principle of being close to the masses. At the same time if for topo-
graphic reasons it is not desirable for a township soviet to govern a larger
population, then its population may be less than 1,000. In a locality sur-
rounded by big mountains where the area is exceptionally extensive and the
population exceptionally sparse, the population of such a township may be as
small as 400 but not less than 250 as a minimum..
(C) District: Each district should as a standard rule govern seven townships.
In a locality on the plain with an unusually dense population, such a district
may govern nine townships. In a hilly and expansive locality with an unusually
sparse population, the number of townships governed by a district may be re-
duced to five townships.
(D) County and Province: The demarcation of administrative areas of a county
and a province shall be entrusted to the People's Committee and shall be gov-
erned by decree based on the principle of being close to the masses.
All soviet districts outside the Central Soviet sector should re-examine their
administrative areas in accordance with the principle enunciated in this de-
cision and any district whose area is too extensive should be redemarcated in
conformity with this principle.
Upon publication of this decision, "the Provisional Regulations Governing the
Demarcation of Administrative Areas in the Chinese Soviet Republic" promul-
gated in December 1931 shall be declared null and void.
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman
Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-t'ao, Vice Chairmen
21 July 1933
?"Red China," No 98, 1 August 1933
11,667
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
DECISION OF CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ON THE ISSUANCE OF ECONOMIC CONSTRUC-
TION BONDS
22 July 1933
[Text] Drastic developments of the revolutionary war require the soviets to
mobilize all forces to carry out economic construction in a planned way.
From the standpoint of such economic construction, the masses should be or-
ganized into broadly developing cooperatives, coordinating the production and
marketing of foodgrains and all products, and promoting external trade to
smash the enemy's economic blockade and the ruthless exploitation of traitor
merchants, thereby further improving the livelihood of the masses and enabling
the revolutionary war to gain more substantial material strength. This then
is the major fighting task at the present time. With a view to vigorously
carrying out the work of economic construction, the Central Executive Committee
has approved the proposal at the workers' mass meeting of the Land Ownership
Investigation Movement and the Poor Peasant Group People's Congress of eight
county soviets of Jui-chin, Hui-ch'ang, Yu-tu, Sheng-li, Po-sheng, Shih-ch'eng,
Ning-hua and Ch'ent-t'ing for the issuance of Economic Construction Bonds in
the amount of 3,000,000 yuan and permits the purchasers of these bonds to make
payment freely either by foodgrains or in money. Apart from using a part of
the proceeds for present military expenses, the main portion of the proceeds
will be spent in developing cooperatives, redistributing foodgrains and ex-
panding external trade. For the purpose of ascertaining the use of these bonds
and the procedure of payment of their principal and interest, the Central
Executive Committee hereby enacts the Regulations Governing the Issuance of
Economic Construction Bonds. It charges the People's Committee with the
responsibility of urging the People's Finance Department and the People's
National Economy Department to direct local governments to issue and dis-
tribute these bonds correctly and promptly in accordance with this decision
and these regulations and at the same time to make broad publicity and ex-
planation to workers and peasants as well as all residents who abide by soviet
laws and decrees so that economic construction can be speedily launched through-
out the soviet areas. Any anti-revolutionary elements attempting to sabotage
the faith and credit of the bonds and any economic measures will be severely
suppressed by necessary measures to be adopted by the National Political Defense
Bureau in order to insure the satisfactory implementation of the work of economic
construction.
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman
Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-t'ao, Deputy Chairmen
22 July 1933
?"Red China," No 96, 26 July 1933
11,667 CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE ISSUANCE OF ECONOMIC CONSTRUCTION BONDS
22 July 1933
[Text] (1) With a view to developing the enterprises of economic con-
struction, improving the livelihood of the masses and reinforcing the fighting
forces, the Central Government hereby issues the Economic Construction Bonds
of which two-thirds shall be used in promoting external trade, redistributing
food-grains and developing cooperatives and agricultural and industrial pro-
duction and one-third shall be spent for military expenses.
(2) The amount of the Bonds shall be 3,000,000 yuan in -- pi.
(3) The rate of interest of the Bonds shall be 5 percent per annum.
(4) Interest on the Bonds shall be paid by installments at the rate of 5
fen per yuan per annum beginning October 1934.
(5) Principal on the Bonds shall be paid by installments for a period of 5
years beginning October 1936, namely, 10 percent of the total amount of prin-
cipal shall be paid in the 1st year, that is, 1936; 15 percent of the total
amount of principal shall be paid in the 2d year, that is, 1937; 20 percent
of the total amoung of principal shall be paid in the 3rd year, that is, 1938;
25 percent of the total amount of principal shall be paid in the 4th year, that
is, 1939; and 30 percent of the total amount of principal shall be paid in
the 5th year, that is, 1940. Detailed measures for the amortization of the
Bonds shall be formulated and announced by the People's Finance Department at
the appropriate time.
(6) The profits earned by the Food Coordinating Bureau, the External Trade
Bureau and other state-operated enterprises shall constitute the fund for the
payment of principal and interest of the Bonds.
(7) The Bonds may be used as pledges in sales and purchases and as collateral
security for other purposes.
(8) The purchaser of the Bonds shall have the free choice to make payment
in money or in foodgrain. In the case of payment by delivery of grain, the.
price of grain shall be the price publicly announced by the local county
government.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
(9) The face value of the Bonds shall be in five denominations of 0.50 yuan,
1 yuan, 2 yuan, 3 yuan and 5 yuan.
(10) Anyone who deliberately destroys the faith in and credit of the Bonds
shall be charged with the crime of sabotaging the'soviet economy and punished
accordingly.
(11) The Bond Issuance Committee of the government at various levels shall be
charged with the responsibility of issuing the Bonds. All moneys received
shall be forwarded to the branch treasuries. All grains received shall be
delivered to the Granary Custody Committees.
(12) The present Regulations shall be effective as of 1 August 1933.
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman of the Central Government
Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-t'ao, Vice Chairmen
22 July 1933
?"Red China," No 96, 26 July 1977
11,667
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
July 1933
[Text] Relying on the correct offensive line of the Party and the positive
leadership of the soviets, relying on the heroic combat and enthusiastic support
of the Worker-Peasant Red Army and the masses, and relying on the daily strug-
gle of the working and peasant masses in the White sector and the unprecedented
vigorous advance of the anti-imperialist and anti-Kuomintang mass movement,
we have in the wake of the battle of Tung-huang-p'i essentially smashed the ene-
my's fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign. In the unparalleled
great glorious victory of the battle of Tung-huang-p'i, the heroic Red Army
has dealt a most fatal blow to the Kuomintang warlord chieftain Chiang Kai-shek,
the most formidable pillar of the landlord-bourgeoisie! In his tearful "hand-
written order" and other correspondence, he mournfully admitted that this is
their "secret sorrow since the day of birth." (Chiang Kai-shek's letter to
Chen Cheng) This is an unprecedented grievous defeat and collapse of their
army! Consequently after they had suffered this grievous defeat, even though.
they attempted to launch counterattacks on several occasions, they. were found
powerless to do so in the end!
The reasons why the Kuomintang warlords have suffered this grievous defeat
and why they have not been able to counterattack are: First, it is due to the
stout prowess and heroic combat skill of the Worker-Peasant Red Army. In the
great victory of Tung-huang-p'i, they received enormous reinforcements to
strengthen themselves. The soviet sector has also gained tremendous con-
solidation and development. The majority of the Kuomintang soldiers were funda-
mentally shaken and unwilling to attack the Red Army. Even the reactionary
Kuomintang army officers were mostly scared to death and when they spoke of
the Red Army, they were like "speaking of the tiger making them pale." Thus
despite the repeated attempts of Chiang Kai-shek to launch counterattacks, he
has been powerless to do so in the end. Second, it is due to the deepening
and continuing aggravation of the national crisis in China. At a time when
Japanese imperialism had occupied Jehol and Luan-tung and were closing in on
Peking and Tientsin and when the Kuomintang continued to surrender without
shame, the anti-imperialist and anti-Kuomintang revolutionary storm has surged
to a new height. This has made it inevitable for the Kuomintang on the one
hand to conclude the agreement of surrender with Japanese imperialism finaliz-
ing the sell-out of Peking, Tientsin and North China and on the other hand
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
carry out an unparalleled White reign of terror to suppress the anti-imperial-
ist and anti-Kuomintang roaring revolutionary masses. Third, it is due to the
general collapse of the national economy which has subjected hundreds of
millions of workers and peasants to an unprecedented catastrophe from a sub-
human enslaved standard of living to the bitter sea of starvation, death and
homeless destitution. As a result, workers' strikes and peasant uprisings
erupted throughout the country on a tremendous scale, turning their struggle
for daily living into a political struggle against imperialism and the Kuomintang.
These revolutionary struggles have obstructed our enemy and forced them into
a state of shock and helplessness. Meanwhile the diminished receipts of
customs revenue of the Kuomintang government and the exodus of workers and
peasants into soviet areas thereby escaping from the range of their exploitation
have brought the finances of the Kuomintang government to the verge of bank-
ruptcy!
Confronted with such a grave defeat and hopeless circumstances, the only
"strategem" of the Kuomintang warlords is to surrender themselves even more
.vilely and shamelessly to imperialism. From the hands of international im-
perialism they sought and received large batches of loans and munitions which
enabled them to mount their fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign
against the soviet areas and the Red Army. The signing of the North China
Truce Agreement and the travels of Sung Tsu-wen [T.V. Soong] to Europe and
America are precisely aimed at implementing their intrigue. Now a new bar-
gain has been struck between the Kuomintang and imperialism. The Kuomintang
has given away 4,000,000 or more square li of China's territory and many secret
and unannounced gifts for which they received several hundred million yuan
of loans and large supplies of arms and munitions. Utilizing these loans and
supplies of arms and munitions, the Kuomintang, under the direct command and
organization of various imperialist countries, has been deploying their troops
in North China and elsewhere, training many new contingents in the making of
poisonous gas bombs, and concentrating all their forces to organize their
fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign and launch their frenzied but
futile attack against the Red Army in the soviet areas which will certainly be
doomed to defeat!
Thus we are now confronted with a new revolutionary situation. In the face
of such a new situation, our task is to mobilize all our forces and concen-
trate them to smash the imperialist-Kuomintang's fifth "encirclement and sup-
pression" campaign! This is a great historical turning point. Two types of
political power: the soviet political power of workers, peasants and soldiers
and the Kuomintang regime of the landlord-bourgeoisie, will in the course of
the impending war on a broader scale unfold this kind of the future--our soviet
political power will advance with more victories and their Kuomintang regime
will collapse with more death and destruction."
With a view to striving for total victory in the smashing of the enemy's
"encirclement and suppression" campaign, we must first and foremost increase
and concentrate all our forces to heighten our confidence in victory and offer
our all to the war! In this connection we must above all else insure the
steady increase of the numbers of the Red Army and expand it to 50,000 during
August, September, and October this year. At the same time we must vastly
raise the political education and military skill of the Red Army fighters
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
and enlarge and strengthen the organization of the Red Guards 2nd Young
Pioneers. Next we must insure ample supplies of provisions for the Red Army
and daily necessities for the living of the masses. Here we must broadly
unfold the land investigation movement, deepen the class struggle in the cities
and rural areas, absolutely consolidate the soviet political power, develop
the national economy in a planned way, widely establish cooperatives of the
masses, issue economic construction bonds, redistribute foodgrains, expand
external trade, break the enemy's economic blockade, and seize material
conditions of the revolutionary war. These are our important fighting tasks
at the present time!!
Finally, with a view to successfully carrying out war emergency mobilization
and totally smashing the enemy's fifth "encirclement and suppression" cam-
paign, we must oppose the inadequacies of the assessment of the present new
revolutionary situation, oppose all psychological fatigue of the war, in
particular oppose those opportunists who have shown alarm and helplessness
and wanted to beat a retreat in the face of the enemy's fifth "encirclement and
suppression" campaign! At the same time we must also oppose those "left"
determinists of empty talk,and victory! These "left" and rightist opportunists
are the fiercest enemies of war mobilization and they actually help our class
enemies!
Workers, peasants and Red soldiers of the whole soviet sector! Now we are
confronted with a new revolutionary situation. We must sacrifice our all and
assume our great historical mission! Comrades! We are now in the face of
the more cruel and devastating battle of the war! We are now in the face of
totally smashing the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign and we are
also in the face of the first victory in the revolution of Kiangsi and several
other neighboring provinces!.
'Red China, No 97, 29 July 1933
11,667
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
PROCLAMATION OF PROVISIONAL CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ON CONVENING THE SECOND
NATIONAL SOVIET CONGRESS
1 August 1933
[Text] It has been 2 full years now since the convening of the First
National Soviet Congress. These 2 years have been the years in which
imperialism has frantically intensified its attacks against the Soviet Union
and the Chinese revolution, the imperialist Kuomintang has carried out its
most barbarous massacre and encircling attacks against the soviet areas of the
whole country, and the Kuomintang has sold out China by shamelessly surrendering
to Japanese and all other imperialisms. But these have also been the 2 years
in which under the correct leadership of the Central Soviet Government the
Worker-Peasant Red Army has won great glorious victories through arduous
struggle. During the struggle of these 2 years we have expanded and consoli-
dated our soviet political power and we have gained infinitely rich and in-
valuable experience. With a view to focusing our leadership of China's
national soviet movement, further developing and consolidating the soviet
political power, and summing up the soviet experience of the past 2 years,
the Central Soviet Government decides to convene the Second National Soviet
Congress in the Red capital of Jui-chin on the 6th anniversary of the Canton
Uprising (11 December 1933).
During the past 2 years, China's national crisis has worsened. The intensified
aggression of imperialism and the selling out by the Kuomintang have brought
several million li of Ohinese territory in the three northeastern Provinces,
Jehol, Peking and Tientsin and tens of millions of Chinese people under the
iron yoke of Japanese imperialism. Because of the consistent surrender and
selling out by the Kuomintang, the imperialist dismemberment of China has
advanced rapidly. The tragic fate of the complete colonization of China has
been hanging over the heads of the Chinese people in the whole country.
During the past 2 years the total collapse of the Chinese national economy has
become ever more acute. The wholesale bankruptcies of national industries,
the ultimate collapse of the rural economy, and the widespread incidence of
floods, drought and famine all over the land have driven the overwhelming
majority of workers and peasants to the road of joblessness, starvation and
death. Yet the Kuomintang warlords just keep on exploiting the people without
any letup. In Szechwan Province they have already levied land rents in ad-
vance to the year 1971, and the number and variety of exorbitant taxes and
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
taxes and miscellaneous contributions have reached a total of 1,700 or more.
Throughout the country landlords and evil gentry have exploited the peasants
more ruthlessly than ever. Capitalists have also intensified their attack
against the workers. Conflicts and internecine wars between and among the
warlords have further quickened the pace of the collapse of China's national
economy. The pain and suffering of the workers and peasants in the whole coun-
try have truly reached indescribable proportions!
Dear comrades! The workers and peasants of China cannot and will not tolerate
such a state of affairs. The fires of the revolutionary torches are burning
all over the country and the heroic struggle against imperialism and the
Kuomintang is unfolding itself--from demonstrations, strikes, riots to geurilla
warfare and large-scale revolutionary war. Furthermore, during the past' 2
years the great victories of the Chinese soviet workers and peasants and the
Red Army, the tremendous developments of the soviet areas, and the vigorous
expansion of the heroic Red Army from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands
constitute the most powerful lever in the development of the revolutionary
situation in China.
Now two roads lie ahead of the Chinese people: the imperialist-Kuomintang
road and the soviet road! Under the rule of the imperialist-Kuomintang, China
can only become completely the colony of imperialism whereas under the soviet
political power imperialism has already been totally overthrown. Representing
the revolutionary masses of the whole country, the Central Soviet Government
has formally declared war against Japan. It has on the one hand led the heroic
Red Army in vigorously launching the national revolutionary war and defeating
the Kuomintang warlords who had prevented the Red Army from advancing north to
resist Japan and on the other hand several times called on the White armed
forces of the whole country to cease attacking the soviet areas and conclude
with the Red Army an agreement of war against Japan. Under the rule of the
imperialist-Kuomintang, the workers, peasants and soldiers have been suffering
from the ruthless exploitation and suppression of the evil gentry, landlord-
bourgeoisie and Kuomintang warlords and driven into bankruptcy and jobless-
ness, even death and starvation. Under the soviet political power, feudal and.
semi-feudal exploitation by the evil gentry and landlords has been completely
eliminated. Here laboring peasants and Red fighters have been awarded land,
the working class has received the protection of labor laws, the soviet economic
construction is surging vigorously ahead, and the livelihood of the workers
and peasants has been greatly improved. Under the rule of the imperialist-
Kuomintang, workers and peasants have been frequently subjected to arrest,
imprisonment and slaughter. All freedom of speech, assembly, conscience, and
in particular the freedom to resist Japan and oppose imperialism has been
denied, and the organs of political power are completely in the hands of a
small minority of landlords and capitalists. On the other hand, under the soviet
political power workers and. peasants have gained their complete political
freedom and the exploiting class (capitalists, landlords, rich peasants, etc.)
has been deprived of its political rights. For the first time in the history
of China workers and peasants govern their own country and become its ruling
class with the working class as its leading force. It cannot be pointed out
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
more clearly by all this that the only road to save China is the soviet road
and that the victory of the soviet revolution is the victory of the people of
the whole country against imperialism and the landlord-bourgeosie. It is pre-
cisely for this reason that the Kuomintang and all counterrevolutionary cliques,
under the direct command and organization of imperialism, have mobilized all
their.forces to mount futile attacks against the soviet sector and the
Red Army. Although the enemy's 1st, 2d, 3rd and 4th "encirclement and sup-
pression" campaigns have been totally smashed by the iron fists of the heroic
Red Army, the imperialist-Kuomintang, with a view to making its last stand, is
actively preparing to launch even more cruelly its fifth "encirclement and
suppression" major campaign which is aimed at the complete destruction of the
soviets and the Red Army. This "encirclement and suppression" campaign of the
imperialist-Kuomintang is a necessary and major step on the way to the seizure
of China as a colony. All people of China should concentrate all their forces
to smash this "encirclement and suppression" campaign and fight for the victory
of Soviet China.
The Central Government of Soviet China calls on the toiling masses of the
workers and peasants and the revolutionary soldiers to rise against the
imperialist aggression and selling out by the Kuomintang, against the
imperialist-Kuomintang's fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign against
the Soviet Red Army, to smash this campaign, overthrow the Kuomintang rule
of the landlord-bourgeoisie, support the Second National Soviet Congress, and
elect delegates to this Congress fighting for the future of Soviet China. Re-
lying on the enthusiasm of the Chinese people for their revolutionary struggle,
relying on the invincibility of our heroic Worker-Peasant Red Army and relying
on the correct leadership of the staunch proletariat of China and their
vanguard the Communist Party, the victory will surely be ours!
People of all China, rise enthusiastically to struggle for a new Soviet China!
Long live the Second National Soviet Congress!
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman
Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-t'ao, Vice Chairmen
1 August 1933
?"Red China," No 101, 13 August 1933
11,667
CSO: 4005
- Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
CABLE OF GREETINGS FROM CENTRAL GOVERNMENT TO RED ARMY IN EASTERN AREA FOR
ITS GREAT VICTORY
8 August 1933
[Text] Political Commissar of General Command Headquarters of the fighting
Red Army in Eastern Area for transmittal to all commanders and combat comrades:
You heroes have beaten the enemy's recalcitrant 19th Route Army on the
eastern. front like fallen flowers in a flowing stream. This victory demon-
strates the growing strength and increasing invincibility of the Worker-Peasant
Red Army. It presents the imperialist-Kuomintang which is preparing for its
fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign with a grave threat and also
constitutes an initial victory in the smashing of the enemy's threat and also
constitutes an initial victory in the smashing of the enemy's fifth "encircle-
ment and suppression" campaign. We are very happy to learn of this victory.
During the present period of the historical turning point in the decisive
victory or defeat between the revolution and the counterrevolution, the Central
Soviet Government is organizing and leading the Red Army and hundreds of
millions of the toiling masses of workers and peasants in smashing the enemy's
fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign and fighting for the cause of
Soviet China. We believe you heroes will surely bring to your task even more
courage by advancing and destroying more enemies and winning still greater and
more glorious victories.
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman
Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-t'ao, Vice Chairmen i
8 August
11667
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
9 August 1933
[Text] Chapter 1 General Provisions
Article 1 The election of soviets of all levels in the territory of the
Chinese Soviet Republic shall be governed by the provisions of this Law.
Article 2 During the period of war the election of the Red Army shall be
governed by a special chapter of this Law.
Article 3 The proletariat is the vanguard of the soviets, leading the
peasantry in the overthrow of the Kuomintang regime of the landowning
bourgeoisie and establishing the workers' and peasants' democratic dictatorship
of the soviet political power. In order to strengthen the leadership of the
proletariat in soviet organs, the workers, in comparison with other residents,
shall enjoy superior rights in the proportion of their number of deputies in
relation to the number of residents.
Chapter 2 The Right To Elect and the Right To Be Elected
Article 4 All citizens residing in the territory of the Chinese Soviet
Republic and having reached the age of 16 years on election day shall enjoy
the right to elect and to be elected without any distinction as to their
sex, religion and nationality provided that they possess one of the following
qualifications:
(1) All hired laborers and their families as well as all persons who live by
their own labor and their families (such as workers, employees, poor peasants,
middle peasants, independent laborers, urban poor residents, etc);
(2) Those in the active service of the Army, Navy and Air Force of the Chinese
Soviet Republic and their families;
(3) Persons of the above two categories who have lost their laboring power
or jobs at the time of the election.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Note: The families of persons of all categories in this Article shall not
have the right to elect and to be elected if they have been deprived of their
right of election owing to the origin of their birth.
Article 5 Persons who violate the provisions of one of the following
articles shall not have the right to elect and to be elected:
(1) Those who hire the labor of others for profit (such as rich peasants and
capitalists);
(2) Those who do not live by their labor but depend for their living on the
profits of their capital, land, and other properties (such as evil gentry,
landlords, and capitalists);
(3) Landlords, agents of capitalists, middle men (such as intermediaries and
brokers) and compradores;
(4) All persons who engage in the profession of propagating religion and
superstition such as missionaries of various religions, priests, monks, taoist
priests, geomancers and magicians;
(5) Police, spies, gendarmes, bureaucrats, warlords and all reactionary
elements who have participated in opposing the interests of workers and peasants
in the Kuomintang government and other reactionary governments;
(6) Insane persons;
(7) Those who have been convicted of a crime by court and whose period of sen-
tence has not been completely executed or whose period of deprivation of the
right of election has not expired;
(8) The families of persons of all categories mentioned in Paragraphs 1, 2,
3, 4 and 5 of this Article.
Note: The families of persons who engage in the profession of propagating
religion and superstition under Paragraph 4 of this Article shall still have
the right to elect and to be elected if they live by their own labor.
Article 6 Persons of all categories mentioned in-Article 4 of this Law
who violate the provisions of one of the Paragraphs from 1 to 7 of Article 5
of this Law shall likewise be deprived of the right to elect and to be elected.
Chapter 3 Election Procedures
Article 7 An election shall be held by the soviet of a locality at a fixed
date in accordance with the decision of the Central Executive Committee.
Article 8 An election shall be held only in the presence of the representa-
tive of the election committee.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Article 9 Prior to the conduct of an election the registration of electors
must be carried out so that a list of the names of electors and those who have
been deprived of their right of election as well as a list of the total number
of residents in the election district shall be publicly announced by the local
soviet 5 days in advance of the election.
Article 10 After the completion of registration of electors, each elector
must be notified of the time and place of the election meeting and must be
registered in front of the place of the election meeting.
Article 11 A worker shall take the organization of his production or his
occupation and industry as the unit to hold the election meeting. Those who
are unable to take their production as the unit to conduct the election must
demarcate their district or their street and designate a place to hold the
election meeting. A peasant takes his house (tiny hamlet) as the unit to hold
the election meeting. If a small house has too few people, it can be combined
with one or several of the neighboring houses to hold the election meeting.
Article 12 The families of workers shall participate in the election in
conjunction with the basic person at the same place and acquire equal qualifi-
cation of an elector with the basic person. If the family of a worker does
not live with the basic person at the same place, he or she shall participate
in the election at the place of his or her work or residence.
Note: The family of a worker who has been deprived of the right of election
cannot participate in the election.
Article 13 An election meeting shall be held only with the presence of more
than half of the total number of electors of the locality. If the number of
electors has not reached a quorum, the election meeting must be postponed and
the election committee shall fix a date and convene another election meeting.
If another election meeting is to be convened, the electors must again be
notified of the time and place of the election meeting.
Article-14 If a second election meeting is convened, it can be held re-
gardless of whether or not a quorum has been reached and elect the number of
deputies to be elected at the meeting.
Article 15 No written ballot is, used in the election and voting is decided
by a show of hands. Those who receive a majority of hands are elected.
Article 16 The presidium of the election meeting shall be composed of three
? persons two of whom shall be elected by the election meeting and one shall be
the representative of the election committee. The representative of the
election committee shall be the ex officio chairman of the presidium of the
election meeting. A secretary shall be nominated by the presidium to keep the
record of the election meeting.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Article 17 When an election meeting is declared to be in session, the-chair-
man shall announce the number of persons present based on the register at the
time of entering the meeting place to see if a quorum has been reached.
Article 18 The agenda of an election meeting shall be as follows:
(1) Election of regular deputies.
(2) Election of alternate deputies.
(3) Passing of proposals.
Note 1: When a vote is taken on a proposed candidate, the method of indi-
vidual voting shall be adopted in each case and no vote shall he taken on the
entire slate all at once.
Note 2: A vote cannot be taken on a regular deputy and an alternate deputy
at the same time. The election of a regular deputy must be completed before
the election of an alternate deputy.
Article 19 The record of an election meeting must be signed or stamped by
all members of the presidium and the secretary.
Article 20 The record of the election meeting, the attendance register and
all other documents relating to the election must be collected and sent to the
election committee for transmittal to the municipal soviet or district execu-
tive committee for examination after the conclusion of the election.
Chapter 4 Procedure of Election of Soviets of all Levels and Criteria of
Number of Deputies
Article 21 A township soviet shall be composed of deputies elected by the
electors of the entire township at various election meetings. Each 13 worker
residents may elect one regular deputy. Each 50 other residents may elect one
regular deputy.
Note: In a township with a population of less than 500, the proportion be-
tween the number of deputies and residents may be reduced as follows: each
8 worker residents may elect one regular deputy and each 32 other residents
may elect one regular deputy.
Article 22 A municipal soviet under a district shall be composed of deputies
elected by the electors of the entire municipality at various election meetings.
Each 13 worker residents may elect one regular deputy.
Article 23 A municipal soviet directly under a county shall be composed of
deputies elected by the electors of the entire municipality at various election
meetings. Each 20 worker residents may elect one regular deputy. Each.80
other residents may elect one regular deputy.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Article 24 A municipal soviet directly under a province shall be composed
of deputies elected by the electors of the entire municipality at various
election meetings. Each 100 worker residents may elect one regular deputy.
Each 400 other residents may elect one regular deputy.
Article 25 A municipal soviet directly under the Central Government shall
be composed of deputies elected by the electors of the entire municipality at
various election meetings. Each 500 worker residents may elect one regular
deputy. Each 2,000 other residents may elect one regular deputy.
Article 26 A district soviet congress shall be composed of deputies elected
by the townships' soviets and the Red Army attached to the district. With
respect to deputies to the district soviet congress, each 200 town and village
residents may elect one regular deputy. Workers should make up 70 to 25 per-
cent of the composition of deputies.
Note: If a district soviet has a municipal soviet under it, deputies from
the municipal soviet should be added to it. Each 50 municipal residents may
elect one regular deputy.
Article 27 A county soviet congress shall be composed of deputies elected
by district soviet congresses and municipal soviets directly under a county
as well as deputies elected by the Red Army attached to the county. With
respect to deputies to the county soviet congress, each 400 municipal residents
may elect one regular deputy and each 1,600 town and village residents may
elect one regular deputy. Workers should make up 20 to 30 percent of the com-
position of deputies.
Article 28 A provincial soviet congress shall be composed of deputies
elected by county soviet congresses and municipal soviets directly under a
province as well as deputies elected by the Red Army attached to the province.
With respect to deputies to the provincial soviet congress, each 1,500 muni-
cipal residents may elect one regular deputy and each 6,000 town and village
residents may elect one regular deputy. Workers should make up 25 to 35
percent of the composition of deputies.
Article 29 The National Soviet Congress shall be composed of deputies
elected by the deputies of provincial soviet congresses, county soviet con-
gresses directly under a province and municipal soviets directly under the
Central Government as well as deputies elected by the Red Army. With
respect to deputies to the National Soviet Congress, each 1,500 municipal
residents may elect one regular deputy and each 6,000 town and village
? residents may elect one regular deputy. Workers should make up 25 to 30
percent of the composition of deputies.
Article 30 In localities where the number of residents has not reached a
quorum, if their number is more than half of a quorum, they may elect one
regular deputy, and if their number is less than half of a quorum, they may
elect one alternate deputy.
- Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Article 31 Each five regular deputies may elect one alternate deputy in
addition. An alternate deputy may attend meetings and has the right to speak
but not the right to vote. If a regular deputy for any reason leaves or is
dismissed from his post, he shall be replaced in order by an alternate deputy.
Article 32 District, county and provincial soviet congresses, in addition
to electing deputies to the county, provincial and National Soviet Congress,
shall also elect the executive committees of soviets of their respective
levels. The National Soviet Congress shall elect the Central Executive
Committee.
Article 33 The qualifications of deputies to the district, county, pro-
vincial and National Soviet Congress shall be examined by examining committees
organized by the soviet congresses of their respective levels. The qualifica-
tions of deputies of township and municipal soviets.shall be examined by
examining committees organized the plenum of the township and municipal con-
gresses.
Article 34 The membership of the soviet executive committees of various levels
shall be regulated as follows:
A district executive committee may not exceed 35 members.
A county executive committee may not exceed 55 members.
A provincial executive committee may not exceed 95 members.
The Central Executive Committee may not exceed 581 members.
Note 1: With respect to deputies of the Red Army to the soviet congresses
of various levels, the criteria of their number and procedure shall be specially
regulated by Chapter 5 of this Law.
Note 2: The criteria of the number of deputies from counties directly under
the Central Government to the National Soviet Congress shall be regulated by
special order of the Central Executive Committee.
Chapter 5 Procedure of Elections and Criteria of Number of Deputies of the
Red Army
Article 35 As the Red Army has no fixed points of station during the war
period, its personnel cannot participate in the elections of township or
municipal soviets. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt provisional measures
of accomodation which are specially provided in various articles of this
Chapter.
Article 36 The Worker-Peasant Red Army attached to the district soviet
government (such as guerrilla units, etc.) shall directly elect deputies to
the district soviet congress.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
The Worker-Peasant Red Army attached to the county soviet government (such as
Independent Regiments, etc.) shall directly elect deputies to the county soviet
congress.
The Worker-Peasant Red Army attached to the provincial soviet government or
although not attached to the provincial soviet government but charged with
long-term work in that province (such as Independent Divisions and various
Army Groups in Hunan-Hupeh-Kiangsi, Hunan-Kiangsi, Fukien-Chekiang-Kiangsi
and other soviet areas) shall directly elect deputies to the provincial
soviet congress. Regional Armies of the Red Army shall directly elect
deputies to the National Soviet Congress.
Note: Guards units such as Guards Company, Guards Regiment, Political Defense
unit, etc. shall participate in the elections of municipal and township soviets
of their localities with their number of deputies equal to that of workers.
Article 37 The criteria of the number of deputies from the Red Army shall
be provided as follows: each 25 persons may elect one regular deputy to the
district soviet congress; each 100 persons may. elect one regular deputy to the
county soviet congress; each 400 persons may elect one regular deputy to the
provincial soviet congress; and each 600 persons may elect one regular deputy
to the National Soviet Congress.
Note: The criteria of the number of alternate deputies shall be governed by
the provisions of Articles 30 and 31 of this Law.
Article 38 The election work of the Red Army shall be carried out by the
election committee composed of 3 to 5 persons appointed by the political bureau
of a regiment or the political commissar of an independent division or the
political instructor of a battalion.
Article 39 The election of deputies to the district soviet congress shall
take the company or battalion as the unit and shall be conducted by an election
meeting. The election of deputies to the county or provincial soviet congress
shall take the batallion or regiment as the unit and shall be conducted by an
election meeting. The election of deputies to the National Soviet Congress
shall take the regiment as the unit and shall be conducted by an election
meeting.
Note: The procedure of elections and the work of the election committees
shall be governed by the provisions of the various articles in Chapters 3 and
7 of this Law.
Chapter 6 Approval and Cancellation of Basic (Municipal and Township)
Elections and Recall of Deputies.
Article 40 Only elections carried out in accordance with the procedure
prescribed by this Law shall be considered valid and shall be approved.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Article 41 After a municipal soviet and a district committee have received
all documents of an election, a special committee shall be organized to examine
them.. If it is found that certain parts of an election have violated the
provisions of this Law, the right to cancel those parts of the election shall
be vested with the municipal soviet and the district executive committee.
If the entire election is found to be in violation of the provisions of this
Law, the right to cancel the election shall be vested with the soviet executive
committee of the next higher level.
Article 42 When the validity of an election is in dispute, it shall be
settled by the municipal soviet and the district executive committee. If it
cannot be settled by the municipal soviet and the district executive committee,
it shall be submitted to the soviet executive committee at the next higher
level for settlement.
Article 43 If an election is in violation of the provisions of this Law,
every elector may make a complaint to a municipal soviet or a district execu-
tive committee. When such a complaint is received by the municipal soviet or
the district executive committee, it must be examined at once. If it cannot
be settled, it may successively be appealed to the next higher levels.
The Central Executive Committee shall be the final organ of appeal in an
election.
Article 44 If deputies of a municipal soviet or a township soviet violate
the trust of the electors in the performance of their duties or commit an act
of crime, they may be dismissed by the municipal or township soviet at a meeting
of the plenum. The electors have the right to recall the deputies elected by
them at any time and may elect others in their place. In such cases they
must report to the soviet executive committee at the next higher level for
examination.
Chapter 7 The Election Committee and Its Work
Article 45 An election committee is the special organ to conduct elections.
Its organization has two types as follows:
(1) The municipal election committee to manage the election work of the
entire municipality composed of 7 to 11 members.
(2) The district election committee to manage the election work of the
various townships of the entire district composed of 9 to 13 members.
Article 46 The election committee is composed of representatives of the
government and various mass organizations. Its members shall be passed by the
municipal soviet or the district executive committee at a meeting of its
presidium and shall be examined and approved by the presidium of the county
executive committee.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Article 47 Citizens who work or live in a locality shall be eligible
for membership of the election committee of that locality. Under special
circumstances the government at the next higher level may transfer someone
from another locality.
Article 48 The chairman of a municipal soviet, township soviet and district
executive committee may not be a member of the election committee.
Article 49 A member of the election committee need not leave his original
post and may temporarily be relieved of his work at election time and devote
himself exclusively to the conduct of the election.
Article 50 The election committee will not establish a separate office and
may conduct its business in the district executive committee or the township
soviet and make use of all of its technical and staff personnel. In case of
necessity it may hire additional technical and staff personnel.
Article 51 Prior to an election the election committee should carry out the
following work:
(1) It shall register electors. Organized electors may be registered through
their own organizations (such as trade unions, poor peasant groups, etc.).
Unorganized electors shall be registered by the registrars of the election
committee. Registration forms should be filled out according to the register
of the electors.
(2) After the conclusion of registration special personnel shall be designated
by the election committee to examine the registration forms and a list of the
names of the electors shall be published at the locality and on public grounds
by the local soviet government 5 days in advance of the election. The number
of regular and alternate deputies to be elected from the district shall also
be published at the same time.
(3) The time and place of the election meeting shall be publicly announced
3 days before the election meeting and the electors of the district shall be
so notified.
(4) It shall prepare proposals to be passed by the election meeting.
(5) It shall prescribe the order in which the various organizations, organs
and houses (tiny hamlets) shall hold their election meetings, arrange the
meeting hall and appoint registrars at its entrance.
(6) It shall through the local soviet government publish the list of the
names of persons who have been deprived of their right of election 5 days
in advance of the election.
Article 52 The election committee must appoint its representative to attend
every election meeting. The election meeting should be declared in order
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
by the representative appointed by the election committee and he shall be the
ex officio chairman of the presidium of the election meeting.
Article 53 The first item on the agenda of the election meeting shall be
the report by the representative of the election committee on the provisions
relating to the right to elect and to be elected in accordance with Articles
4, 5 and 6 of this Law.
Article 54 After the election the election committee shall collect and for-
ward all the documents of the election to the municipal soviet or the district
executive committee for safekeeping and examination. It shall also submit a
report summing up the election to the municipal soviet or the district executive
committee.
Article 55 The election committee shall be declared dissolved after the
conclusion of the election.
Chapter 8 Election Expenses
Article 56 A budget on the expenses of an election shall be prepared by
the election committee at various levels, examined by the municipal soviet or
the district executive committee and reported to the soviet government at the
next higher level. The expenses of elections shall be paid out of the
election fund allotted by the Treasury.
Article 57 With respect to the election expenses of the Red Army, a budget
shall be prepared by the election committee and sent to the political department
at various levels for examination and approval.
Article 58 The election committee shall be responsible for submitting a final
account report on all expenses incurred in elections to the organ of disburse-
ment.
Chapter 9 Supplementary Provisions
Article 59 This Election Law shall come into effect in the Central soviet
area from the date of its promulgation. In other soviet areas which have not
yet been merged with the Central area it shall come into effect from the date
of receipt of this document.
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman
Hsiang Ying, Chang Kuo-t'ao, Vice Chairmen
9 August 1933
'Red Reactionary Documents; No 3, 1935
11,667
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT CABLE CONGRATULATING THE INAUGURATION OF THE
INTERNATIONAL ANTI-IMPERIALIST AND ANTI-WAR CONGRESS
August 1933
[Text] Delegates to the International Anti-imperialist and Anti-war
Congress:
On behalf of the toiling worker-peasant masses of the entire China, the
Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China extends its
proletarian salute to all the delegates to the Congress! Courageous van-
guard on the anti-imperialist front. You disregard the White terror of the
imperialist Kuomintang and the threats of fascists and police and detectives,
and resolutely call a world anti-imperialist and anti-war congress in
Shanghai which is under the joint control of international imperialism and
laid waste by the cannons of Japan. We wish to express our unlimited
admiration-and eager hopes! The inauguration of the congress is an
unprecedented success won by the international worker class and all the
toiling masses on the united front under the anti-imperialist international.
We firmly believe that the congress will be able to lead the anti-imperialist
warriors of the whole world to resist, by concrete measures, the undeclared
Far East war for the purpose of entirely colonizing China and the imminent
and urgent international imperialist war against Soviet Russia.
The toiling masses of the entire China completely and profoundly understand
the sharp opposition between the (Lytton) inquiry group and the international
anti-imperialist and anti-war delegation. Our political experience tells
us that the former is the planner and organizer of the bandit international
imperialism to divide up China, while the latter, which is you--you are the
most effective helper of the people of the entire China in resisting the
imperialist bandit aggression and striving for China's independence and
freedom and liberation. We hope you will reveal the truth of all the
imperialist inhuman conduct, crimes, and conspiracies in China to our
worker-peasant brothers of the whole world. Meanwhile, we enthusiastically
welcome you to come and inspect the soviet areas, contrast the revolutionary
fervor of the workers and peasants in the soviet areas, the improvement in
their living, and all the constructions of the soviet government against
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
the hunger, death, unemployment, and famine which you see in the imperialist
Kuomintang controlled areas, spread it among the workers, peasants, and
soldiers of the world, and arouse their excitement and sympathy!
Currently, China is in the midst of a violent war between the two paths--the
colonial and the soviet paths. The fifth "encirclement and suppression"
against the soviet Red Army launched recklessly by the imperialist Kuomintang
is to make China follow completely the colonial path, while we are concen-
trating all forces to smash the enemy's desperate attack, block the
imperialist colonial path, and struggle for the road of an.independent and
free soviet China. We believe that the congress is in complete sympathy
with us. Therefore, the success of the congress is our success; the victory
of the congress is our victory. Leading the workers and peasants of the
entire China and the Red Army, we unanimously support the congress in its
successful progress, and we wish to express our sincere congratulations for
its great advance!
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman, Provisional Central Government
of the Soviet Republic of China
Hsiang Ying, Vice Chairman
Chang Kuo--t'ao, Vice Chairman
? "RED CHINA," No 107, 3 September 1933
6080
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Cable from the Central Government to the International Anti-imperialist
and Anti-war Congress, 30 August 1933
[Text] Delegates to the International Anti-imperialist and Anti-war
Congress, and Proletariat, Toiling Masses, and All Revolutionaries of
the Whole World!
PROLETARIAT AND OPPRESSED NATIONS OF THE WHOLE WORLD, UNITE;
The intensification of the panic of world capitalism and the end of the
temporary stabilization of postwar capitalism have caused the imperialist
bourgeoisie to launch more reckless attacks on the proletariat and toiling
masses of their own nations, to place all the burdens of the economic
crisis on them, and to handle the organizations of the worker class and all
revolutionary actions with the most cruel fascist bloody means. In Germany,
in Italy, in Japan, and in all the capitalist nations in the world, the mad
tide of fascism is waging a death struggle against the revolutionary
movement of the worker, class and toiling masses of the whole world.
Towards the outside, the imperialist nations are preparing to launch an
imperialist war in order to find a way out of the economic crisis. Their
attack on Soviet Russia and their plunder of the colonies have been
reenforced. By means of a bandit war, Japanese imperialism first occupied
the vast areas of China's Manchuria, Jehol, Chahar, and Lo-tung and placed
50 million toiling masses under its heel. British imperialism is using
Tibetan troops in western China to occupy our provinces of Hsi-k'ang and
Szechwan and is preparing to make all of western China a British colony.
Others such as French and American imperialism are also competing to
divide up China's territory. Waging a violent imperialist war, they wish
to divide anew their market in China!
The loathsome imperialist bourgeoisie is the common enemy of the proletariat
and toiling masses of the world. In China, they ally with the Kuomintang--the
loathsome White terror--and arm over 1 million Kuomintang troops with guns,
cannons, airplanes, and poison gas bombs at a cost of hundreds of millions
of dollars to attack China's revolutionary base and its soviet areas,
attempting to extinguish its revolutionary movement with bloody massacres.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
They wish to turn China completely into an imperialist colony in order to
maintain their control and,to continue their exploitation and enslavement
of their domestic proletariat. This is the fifth time that the Kuomintang
government, with the aid of imperialism, has launched large-scale attacks
on China's soviet areas.
The Provisional Central Covernment of the Soviet Republic of China declares
to the proletariat and toiling.masses of the whole world: The Provisional
Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China is the representative
of the oppressed people of the entire China.
The Soviet Republic of China was consolidated and developed in the anti-
imperialist war in the past; now it will deal a fatal blow to the fifth
"encirclement and suppression" of the soviet areas launched by imperialism
through the Kuomintang. It negates all secret treaties. between the
imperialist powers and China's Kuomintang government. It is in the process
of appealing to, mobilizing, and arming the people of the entire China.
It will resist the imperialist attempt to divide China with the war of
national revolution, fundamentally overthrow the imperialist control in
China, and establish a soviet political power of the entire China, in
order to preserve its independence and unity and its territorial integrity.
It is a staunch partner to the proletariat and toiling masses of the whole
world in their struggle against imperialism.
Proletariat and toiling masses and all revolutionaries of the whole world!
On behalf of the oppressed people of China, the Provisional Central
Government of the Soviet Republic of China appeals to you to line up with
us and overthrow the common enemy of the workers, toiling masses, and all
revolutionaries of the whole world--the world imperialist bourgeoisie'.
We request that you adopt all means to block the imperialist nations from
sending guns and cannons, airplanes, and poison gas bombs to China and
slaughtering the people of China. We appeal to the soldiers of your nations
to resist imperialist aggression of colonies and refuse to slaughter
China's masses in the interest of the imperialist bourgeoisie:
The proletariat and oppressed nations of the whole world, unite!
Resist imperialist wars! Resist imperialist division of China! Down
with world imperialism!
Mao Tse-tung, Chairman of the Provisional Central
Government of the Soviet Republic of China
Hsiang Ying, Vice Chairman
Chang Kuo-t'ao, Vice Chairman
30 August
? "RED CHINA," No 106, 31 August 1933
6080 250
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Directive of the Central People's Committee, 28 August 1933
[Text] Three million yuan of economic construction bonds have begun to be
issued in the various areas in Jui-chin. According to the most recent
experiences of Jui-chin, though Yun-chi District and other areas adopted
the correct method and made a great achievement, several other districts
committed grave errors. The main manifestation was that the district
soviet presidium did not closely tackle bond selling and place it on its
daily agenda for discussion and inspection, but considered it the function
of the finance department. It did not activate the mass organizations of
the district level for unanimous mobilization. As a result, the extremely
serious situation of equal distribution appeared in many townships.
Without going through the discussion and recognition by the labor unions,
poor peasants' leagues, women's delegates' association, and other mass
organizations, without making reports at the township soviet delegates'
meeting, and without holding mass meetings to explain clearly the signifi-
cance of the bonds, the bonds were issued to the township soviet, which,
in turn, divided them evenly among the township delegates, who, in turn,
divided them evenly among the masses. Whether the masses understood or not,
the bonds were evenly divided. Some individual areas forced the middle
peasants to buy bonds. If they refused, they were called rich peasants.
Consequently,_the masses in many areas were dissatisfied, and the sale of
bonds was hampered. However, it was entirely different in Yun-chi District.
Because the Yun-chi District soviet adopted the correct method of mobili-
zation toward the townships and gave detailed explanations to the cadres
of the township level, and the cadres, in turn, propagandized to the masses,
it made a great achievement. The district pledged to sell 40,700 yuan of
bonds. In less than 3 weeks, it had sold 25,500 yuan's worth of bonds.
Yang-ch'i township was the best. It had sold all 4,600 yuan of bonds
undertaken by it. The glorious examples of Yun-chi District and Yang-ch'i
township are worthy of emulation by all the soviet areas. For the satis-
factory result of bond selling this time, the Central Government specifies
the following points on the method of mobilization. The governments of all
levels must implement them completely.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
1. The provincial soviet must give close attention to the work of bond
issuance in the province and discuss, motivate, and inspect it. It must
gather the experiences of bond selling in the county where it is located
and compile the good and bad examples of the mobilization into a document
for the guidance of all the counties in the province.
2. The county soviet must give close attention to the work of bond
issuance in the county and discuss, motivate, and inspect it. It must
gather the experiences of bond selling in the several counties near the
county soviet and compile the good and bad examples into a document for
the guidance of the districts.
The county soviet must, for the purpose of selling bonds, summon all the
district chairmen and finance department chiefs for a meeting. Even in
counties where the bonds have not been received, such meetings must be
called, so that the districts will embark upon the mobilization work
without delay. They must not wait until the bonds have arrived before
holding a meeting and discussing. After the bonds have been issued, they
must again call a meeting of the district chairmen to inspect the work and
rectify the errors.
3. The district soviet is the pivot to sell bonds and mobilize the masses.
It must call a meeting of the township soviet chairmen, poor peasants'
league chairmen, and the responsible persons of other mass organizations
and explain to them in detail the significance of bond issuance and the
method of mobilizing the masses. Meanwhile, it must send men to the
various townships and help the township soviets call meetings of township
delegates, poor peasants' leagues, labor unions, and other mass organi-
zations and make detailed explanations to them. Village and hamlet mass
meetings must be held through the cadres of the township level and the
significance of the economic construction bonds explained in detail to the
masses. If the masses cannot understand after one meeting, another meeting
must be held again. When necessary, there may be a third meeting in areas
where it is required. The masses must be made to understand that buying
bonds is in their own interest and for the victory of the war, so that they
will eagerly buy them.
4. The government presidiums of all levels and the township soviet chairmen
must strictly prevent the error of even distribution'. They must understand
that even distribution is thorough bureaucraticism and an extremely erroneous
method which will block the sale of bonds. On the other hand, it will make
.it easy for the counterrevolutionaries to create rumors and deceive the
people; on the other hand, it will not arouse the revolutionary fervor of
the worker-peasant masses. If even distribution is again discovered in the
future, the higher level government must rectify it immediately. If the
error is not corrected after rectification, punishment must be dealt out.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
5. Prohibition of even distribution is for the purpose of encouraging the
masses to buy bonds voluntarily. The names of those who buy more bonds and
the amounts bought by them must be posted at the gate of the township soviet
to serve as models. But absolutely no one must be forced to buy bonds. If
a person refuses to buy, the representatives of the township soviet and
women's delegates' association, and the members of the labor union and poor
peasants' league must persuade and encourage him to buy bonds. Those who
have bought bonds may be asked to persuade those who have not. Those who
have bought more bonds in a village may be organized into a propaganda team
to promote the sale of bonds.
6. Concerning propaganda work, the Central Government has already made an
announcement. Upon receipt of the announcement, the township government
must immediately post it in the villages and hamlets. The Central Govern-
ment has also issued a propaganda outline on the economic construction
bonds. The work personnel and propaganda teams of the district and town-
ship soviets must follow the articles in the outline and perform propaganda
and encouragement work toward the masses.
7. The masses may pay for the bonds in cash or grain. The district soviet
will set. the price of grain according to the local market value and notify
the townships.
8. The district soviets must guide the townships to form bond selling
competition agreements. Besides the figures, the agreement must provide
that no bureaucraticist method, such as coercive distribution, is allowed.
The time limit must not be set too short (naturally nor too long either),
because it will make full mobilization impossible.
Attention must be given to all the eight points above. The provincial and
county soviets must send men to the counties and districts to inspect and
determine whether they are implementing fully this directive of the Central
Government. The county soviets must make a simple summary of the district
in their own counties which was most successful in selling bonds and mail
it to "RED CHINA" for publication, in order to encourage all the soviet
areas. It is so ordered.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice Chairmen Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-t'ao
28 August 1933
"RED CHINA," No 108, 6 September 1933
6080
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
25 August 1933
[Text] At a time when the Red Army is victorious, the soviet areas are
expanding, and the revolutionary movement is vigorously progressing, the
principle of the soviet financial policy must be: (1) Place the burden on
the exploiting class in both soviet and White areas, mainly by imposing
fines on the landlords, assessing donations from the rich peasants, and
levying appropriate taxes from the merchants, provided such taxes do not
damage the economic growth of the soviet areas. (2) Vigorously promote
economic construction and, by developing the national economy, breaking
down the enemy blockade, and restricting exploitation by the merchants,
increase the revenue of the soviet. (3) Rely on the revolutionary fervor
of the laboring peasant masses to collect suitable land taxes for the
treasury of the state. These constitute the fundamental principle of the
soviet financial policy.
Under this principle, the soviet financial organ must, by revolutionary
means, sound organization, and careful planning, expand the revenue and
make it compatible with the development of the revolutionary war. All
conservative concepts and disorderly conditions apart from the political
tasks are extremely detrimental.
So far, the work of the soviet financial organ, under the supervision of the
People's Committee, has shown considerable achievements in supplying the
war needs and building an accounting system, but it has not adhered to the
correct policy in regard to the principle of the financial policy. Instead
of devoting the maximum effort to raise funds from the exploiters and
increase revenue by developing the national economy, it has concentrated on
tax revenues and paper currency bonds. Meanwhile, its assessment of the
development of the revolution is inadequate, resulting in a lack of
financial planning. This constitutes a hindrance to large-scale financial
administration. In leadership pattern, if, instead of relying on the urban
and rural soviets and the worker-peasant mass organizations and mobilizing
the broad masses through them in fund raising, one depends on the small
number of work personnel of the district level and above, the task cannot
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
.be completely fulfilled. Such bureaucratic leadership'pattern exists to a
large extent in the soviet financial organ. On the issue of cadres,
attention is not given to training and promoting large groups of financial
administration work personnel, nor to criticizing and weeding out some of
the corrupt and decadent elements. All these are the result of failing
to implement the correct class line and of making opportunist assessments
of the revolutionary situation, and Comrade Teng Tzu-hui [6772 1311 1863],
people's finance commissioner, must be mainly responsible.
The People's Committee feels that this situation must not be allowed to
continue; it commands the new chief of the people's finance department,
Comrade Lin Po?-chlu [2651 0130 3255], to rectify it fundamentally.
Self-criticism in the entire financial system must be launched in order to
rectify the erroneous understanding of the financial policy, formulate
financial plans compatible with the development of the war, change the
leadership pattern, promote and train large groups of financial work
personnel, and eliminate the partial corruption and decadence in the
financial system, so that the entire soviet financial system will rapidly
become sound and the soviet financial administration will become compatible
with the, development of the revolution, furnishing the full financial
condition to the revolutionary war and thoroughly smashing the fifth
"encirclement and suppression" of the imperialist Kuomintang. It is so
ordered.
Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Vice Chairmen Hsiang Ying
Chang Kuo-t'ao
25 August 1933
? "RED CHINA," No 107, 3 September 1933
6080
CSO; 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
PRELIMINARY SUMMARY OF THE LAND INVESTIGATION MOVEMENT
August 1933
[Text] I. A Great Success
The land investigation movement, under the appeal of the Party and the
Central Government, has been extensively launched. If the movement in the
past was considered as an initial stage only, then the work in the 1 month
of July, after the eight-county land investigation mass meeting in June,
surpassed the achievement of more than half year since last winter. Generally
speaking, in the eight counties included in the mass meeting, the movement
has reached a new stage and become an extensive mass movement. The
achievements of Jui-chin and Po-sheng were the greatest, uncovering a total
of two thousand and several hundred landlords and rich peasants. Initial
achievements were made in the counties of Sheng-li, Yu-tu, Hui-ch'ang,
Ting-tung, Ch'ang-t'ing, Shih-ch'eng, and Ning-hua. In all the districts
and townships where achievements were made, extensive mass struggles have
started. In soviet work and party work, there was much. stagnation in the
past, but now the work has become lively. Many of the undesirable
elements in the soviet were purged, and the counterrevolutionaries hidden
in the rural villages encountered severe suppression. In other words, the
remnant feudal forces suffered a tragic defeat at the hands of the broad
masses. On this foundation, all kinds of work developed even more. In
areas where the land investigation movement had made achievements, great
successes were also made in the.expansion of the Red Army and the local
militia,. the sale of economic construction bonds, the development of the
cooperative, fall harvesting and fall plowing, the launching of labor
mutual aid associations, and such cultural undertakings as clubs, night
schools, and elementary schools. All items of work became more successful.
On the foundation of mass activeness, large groups of positive elements
made themselves into cadres for all types of work, and many among the workers
and peasants joined the party and enlisted in soviet work. The best
example was Jen-t'ien District in Jui-chin. With the help of the work
group of the Central Government, Jen-t'ien District, in its land investigation
movement, activated the masses of the entire district in 55 days, thoroughly
eliminated the feudal remnants, uncovered over 300 landlords and rich
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
peasants, executed by shooting 12 counterrevolutionaries known as "big
tigers" by the people, and suppressed counterrevolutionary activities.
Certain elements among the soviet work personnel committing serious errors
were accused at mass meetings, and certain class deviationists infiltrating
the soviet were purged. Some 27,000 tan of land were ascertained in the
entire district, and the more than 20,000 toiling masses received an
additional 1 tan 2 ton of land per capita. Large quantities of money and
things belonging to the rich gentry and landlords were distributed to the
masses. Due to the unprecedented height of mass positivity, over 700 new
Red Army soldiers, were recruited into the Jui-chin Model Division in
55 days, without even one desertion. The amount of grain saved and sold
to the Red Army reached 1,900 tan or more, an accomplishment which no
other district in the entire county could match. Under the demand of the
townships, the district undertook to sell 40,000 yuan of economic construc-
tion bonds; 7,500 yuan were collected from landlord fines and rich peasant
donations; the district promised to continue to raise 10,000 yuan.
Cooperatives developed rapidly, and cultural and educational constructions,
such as clubs, literacy classes, and night schools, also increased. The
number of party members expanded; the Party's leadership strengthened;
labor union work improved. A new atmosphere emerged in the district. From
the backward district of Jui-chin, it reversed itself in 55 days and became
a first class district similar to Wu-yang. Why did Jen-t'ien District make
such great achievements? We must point out that it was because they
realized the importance of the task of land investigation and because they
firmly followed the correct directives of the Central Bureau and the Central
Government in their mobilization pattern, class line, and mass work and
performed true Bolshevik work. In regard to understanding the tasks, they
understood the close links between the land investigation movement and the
revolutionary war; therefore, they performed the work conscientiously,
closely tackled the leadership of the movement, and arranged the work of the
local area with plans. In regard to the mobilization pattern, they tightly
tackled the work of the seven townships which were most, or relatively,
backward among the 11 townships in the district, activated the party, the
league, the township soviet, the labor union, the poor peasants' league,
and other mass organizations of the seven townships, and mobilized the
broad masses through them. In regard to the class line, they firmly
followed the strategy of relying on the farm laborers and poor peasants
and allying with the middle peasants, and extensively developed the poor
peasants' league. They explained that land investigation was not land
division and that class investigation did not include the middle peasants,
poor peasants, and farm laborers. Their work on "discussing the classes"
was adequately performed. When the landlords and rich peasants of 0-feng
township frightened the middle peasants and caused alarm in some of them,
our comrades held individual conversations with several middle peasants
who spread our ideas to other middle peasants. The middle peasants of 0-feng
township immediately settled down and actively supported the land
investigation policy of the soviet. Instead of continuing to be defrauded
by the landlords and rich peasants, they joined the poor peasants and
workers and attacked the landlords and rich peasants together. The comrades
of Jen-t'ien District did make mistakes on the classification of several
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
households, but they remedied them promptly. In regard to guiding the
mass struggles, they first made extensive propaganda. Instead of holding
meetings of the entire district and township, they held village and hamlet
meetings, contacted broader masses, and propagandized to and encouraged them
many times. Therefore, the masses of the entire district understood that
land and class investigations were their responsibilities and in their
interest. Next, they investigated the class components and activated many
people to perform the task. Material evidence on the various components
was carefully collected and shown to the masses; therefore, there was no
incident of dissatisfaction among the masses. Subsequently, through the
class classifications, the land investigation committee first made an
analysis and decision which were handed to the poor peasants' organization
for discussion and passage and then submitted to the district soviet for
approval. Thereafter, they proceeded to the village where the party whose
property was to be confiscated resided and called a village mass meeting.
Only after a clear explanation of the case and the raising of hands to
show support was the property confiscated. In regard to the distribution
of money and things and land, the work personnel all understood that they,
themselves, must serve as the models and refrain from taking anything.
They distributed everything to the masses, a larger amount to the village
where the property was found and a smaller amount to other villages, and
won the satisfaction of the masses. Land was also promptly divided. The
situation of prolonged delays in other areas was not found in Jen-t'ien
district. Therefore, the masses were rapidly activated. The way they
attacked the backward big villages was also correct. They were not afraid
of the big villages, but nor did they use brute force. What they did was
to concentrate their forces, make more propaganda, try to win over the
local positive elements, rallying and educating them, and activate the
remainder of the masses through them. They were very patient in performing
such village work which appeared to be slow but actually very fast. In 55
days, they activated all the backward big villages in the district and
eliminated their backwardness within a short time. When they were unable to
enter a village in Po-k'eng township because of the two well-known "big
tigers" there, they adopted a different means. The two rascals were
arrested and tried in the local mobile court and, with the enthusiastic
support of the masses, executed by shooting. The mass struggle in this
village spread like wildfire. They held 10 mass trial meetings and mobile
court meetings, all via a very extensive mass line. Most of the people
of the township attended while all the villages of other townships sent
delegates, 10 or more from the small townships, and 40 or 50 from the large
townships. Therefore, the results of each public trial and judgment were
immediately spread to all the townships and villages of the district.
Besides realizing the justice of punishing or killing the culprit, the
masses of all the townships and villages immediately-thought of similar
evil elements in their own areas who also should be punished. The land
investigation movement of Jen-t'ien District is truly a model for the
entire soviet area! Chiu-pao District of Jui-chin also was very successful.
They first closely tackled three townships, summoned the members of their
land investigation committees to the district soviet for a 3-day training
class, and explained the mobilization method, the class line, and the
means to win the masses. On the issue of distributing the confiscated
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
property, they created a good method. When a landlord's household was to
be confiscated, they would ask the masses of the village and the household
to gather together, elect a confiscation distribution committee, proceed
with the confiscation under the supervision of the masses, pile the things
confiscated in an open space, and distribute them to those entitled with
the approval of the masses. The edibles were handled in a different
manner. They slaughtered hogs and cooked rice for a big meal for the
masses. This method produced a great effect in Chiu-pao District. Their
confiscation distribution committee was not a regular organization, but a
temporary one, thus creating a closer association with the masses. (As
for the distribution of confiscated land, it was still handled by the
regular land committee). The confiscated things were not taken to the
township soviet, nor did they wait until several households were
confiscated before distribution; therefore, delay and theft were avoided.
Chiu-pao District was just as correct on other lines and methods; therefore,
they could activate the broad masses for class investigation. They were so
successful that no landlord or rich peasant appeared at the township soviet
to object to the classification, which was completely contrary to the condition
of land investigation in the past. In the past, there were always many
investigated landlords and rich peasants who appeared at the soviet to
object, claiming that the classification was wrong. Not just themselves,
but even the responsible persons of the township representing the poor
peasants' organization would come forward and argue for them. This time,
naturally, it was not because the landlords and rich peasants did not want
to object, but they could not do so. No one of their clan or among their
relatives supported them. They were incapacitated, and it was impossible
for them to object. It showed that Chiu-pao District performed adequate
work in activating the masses, for otherwise they could not have attained
this stage.
All such glorious exemplary instances (not scarce in other areas) constituted
a Bolshevik response to the appeal of the Party and the Central Government
and proved the absolute accuracy of the directives of the Central Bureau
and the Central Government. Anywhere where such directives were completely
implemented, great successes were immediately made. Anywhere where they
were violated or overlooked, errors were committed in the work, and little
or no achievement was made. Let me prove this point by the facts.
II. Some Areas Relinquished the Leadership of the Land Investigation
Movement.
In regard to the fighting task of the land investigation movement, after
the promulgation of the decision of the Central Bureau, the issuance of
the. directive of the Central Government, and the mass meeting of the eight
counties, the development of the movement did not reach all areas. The
land investigation achievement of the entire province of Fukien, for instance,
was only equivalent to that of the county of Po-sheng; the achievement of
Sheng-li, Yu-tu, Hui-ch'ang, or Shih-ch'eng could only match that of the
best one or two districts of Jui-chin. The land investigation committees
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
of many areas had not even held one meeting, and even the county land
investigation committees of several counties failed to tackle the land
investigation work of the county (Hui-ch'ang, Yu-tu, Shih--ch'eng, and
Ning-hua). In many districts and townships land investigation committees,
the district and township chairmen did not serve as the committee chairmen.
On grounds of being busy in other matters, they relinquished the task of
land investigation. In regard to Party leadership of land investigation,
in all areas where land investigation was successful, the effect of the
Party's firm leadership was clearly demonstrated, and the majority of the
Party membership masses, under the guidance of the Party branch and district
committee, performed much courageous Bolshevik fighting work. On the other
hand, wherever land investigation achieved little, or nothing, the Party
unit's neglect of the movement was apparent. Almost 2 months after the
promulgation of the land investigation decision of the Central Bureau, the
Hui-ch'ang county committee, for instance, never once discussed land
investigation work. Not until the end of July did they hold a meeting on
the matter. In one period, the Pu-hsiao district committee paid no attention
to the land investigation movement at all. Though the urban committee of
Jui-chin held one meeting for land investigation, it did not activate the
suburban branch committees to give attention to the leadership of land
investigation, and none of the branches ever held a meeting for the
movement. In other areas, such as the county committees of Yu-tu, Sheng-li,
Shih-ch'eng, and Ning-hua and many district committees, they also failed
to pay close attention to the work of land investigation. The party and
the Central Government said: "The land investigation movement has become
an effective means to activate the masses for intensive rural class struggle,
thoroughly solve the land issue, and eliminate feudalism or semi-feudalism"
(decision of the Central Bureau); "the land investigation movement is an
urgent task of the soviets of all areas" (directive of the Central Government);
"the land investigation movement is the most important link in the current
work" (summary of the eight-county mass meeting). Meanwhile, many of our
comrades said: "Too busy; no time to look after the land investigation
movement." The Party resolution stated: "The superficial attitude of
handling the land investigation movement with bureaucraticism and formalism
is most detrimental." Yet these comrades still handled the land investigation
with bureaucraticism.
III. Some Areas Actually Capitulated to the Rich Peasants.
In areas where the land investigation was launched, there still appeared
many individual serious errors. One often came across individual comrades
in the local Party unit or soviet who, in face of the violent class struggle
of the land investigation movement, indicated their opportunist vacillations.
This was mainly because, during the vigorous development of the movement,
they were unable to abandon their clan o- local relationships but sheltered
the landlords and rich peasants of their own clan or village. Or they
erroneously analyzed the class components, considering the landlords as
rich peasants and the rich peasants as middle peasants. Some work comrades
of the judicial department, by their extreme negligence, accepted the false
accusations of the positive elements in the land investigation by the land-
lords and rich peasants in the name of the people. In another aspect,
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
some of our security bureau and judicial department comrades failed to keep
pace with the development of the mass class investigation struggle and
actively suppress the counterrevolution, and they even turned down the demands
of the masses to arrest and execute the landlord and rich peasant elements
who resisted the land investigation. The judicial department of Jui-chin
was an example of making all those mistakes.
IV. The Tendency to Encroach Upon the Middle Peasants Is the Most
Serious Danger.
The "leftwing" opportunist tendency, in the July land investigation,
appeared .in many areas. Here, the tendency to encroach upon the middle
peasants must be emphatically pointed out. The Central Bureau clearly
indicated in its resolution: "Special attention must be given to the
alliance with the middle peasant masses. They are the broadest basic masses
in the soviet village after the revolution; therefore, we must win their
approval and support in all our measures and strategies. Every decision
made by a poor peasant organization or the soviet must acquire the support
of the middle peasant masses at the village or hamlet mass meetings, and
all appeals of the middle peasant masses must be heeded. Any attempt to
encroach upon their interest must be severely discouraged." It was pointed
out at the conclusion of the eight-county mass meeting: "The goal of land
investigation is class investigation, not redivision of land.... Allying
with the middle peasants must start from not encroaching upon their interest....
At,the beginning of the land investigation, we must generally propagandize
the soviet policy of allying with the middle peasants and guard against
encroaching upon their interest. In the process of land investigation, we
must carefully decide on the borderline cases between the middle and rich
peasants and avoid mistakes." However, the comrades of many areas did not
pay attention to such instructions. In the land investigation of the Jui-
chin urban area, they began the investigation by the households and farms.
Some middle peasants were so alarmed that they came to the soviet and asked
to have their classification changed into poor peasants. They said: "It is
very dangerous to be a middle peasant, because it is only one step removed
from the rich peasant. A poor peasant will be further removed from the rich
peasant." Do such painful appeals not deserve our attention? The comrades
of Yang-ku township, Huang-po District, announced to the masses: "Class
investigation is only the investigation of the middle peasants, rich
peasants, and landlords." The comrades of T'ao-ching District put down
stakes and forced the investigation, and some of the middle peasants were
so terrified that they fled into the mountains to hide. Some townships in
Po-sheng county also put down stakes and made a general investigation, and
the middle peasants there were similarly terrified. It was stated at the
eight-county mass meeting that "the idea that land investigation requires
staking is not correct," Nevertheless, the comrades paid no attention.
General investigation by staking happened in every county. It was an
unusually serious situation. They confused land investigation and land
division. True, land division would require staking, but the land figures
must first be clarified before division. If the method of staking was used
in the land investigation movement, it would confuse the rural struggle goal.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
We pointed out in the past; "Land investigation and land division must be
strictly distinguished. Such distinction is not only for the purpose of
stabilizing the peasants' land ownership so that they will not be alarmed
over the uncertainty of land division, but also for the victory of the class
investigation struggle. We must concentrate our forces, especially by
allying with the middle peasants, to handle the resistance of the landlords
and rich peasants. At this time, there must not be any confusion or dis-
turbance within the peasants' own ranks" (conclusion of the eight-county
mass meeting). It was one of our most important strategies in guiding the
land investigation struggle; yet it was neglected by many comrades. Such
neglect cannot be tolerated for another moment. In regard to those who,
after being given guidance, continue with such mistakes, the local higher
level soviet must punish them severely. Ideological struggles must be
launched inside the Party and the league, and any Party or league member,
in his thinking or action, encroaching upon the interest of the middle
peasants and violating the strategy of allying with them, must be opposed.
In regard to the mistakes already made, the soviet personnel must openly
admit their mistakes to the local middle peasant masses and return the land
and property to the wronged parties. Last year, Hsing-kuo returned land to
many middle peasants and won the satisfaction of the middle peasant masses.
It was a valuable lesson.
V. The Closed-door-ism of the Poor Peasants' League and the Neglect of
the Leadership Effect of the Farm Laborers Are Wrong.
"The poor peasant masses are the props of the Party, the proletariat in the
rural village, and the staunch supporters of the land revolution." "Relying
on the poor peasants" is one of our important strategies in the land
investigation movement and all land struggles, and the poor peasants'
league is an organization with a great effect in the land investigation
movement. The eight-county poor peasants' league delegates mass meeting
already pointed out that the closed-door tendency of the poor peasants'
league was wrong, that the sponsor system must be abolished and the gates
opened wide to the poor peasant workers, and that all poor peasant workers,
men and women, old and young, could join. But many places still followed
the old method without change and still required sponsoring. In T'ao-ching
District, Jui-chin, when the poor peasant masses not belonging to the league
came to its meeting, the responsible persons refused them. admittance. In
Chu-chaff-chi District, Po-sheng, not one new member was admitted to the
poor peasants' league in the entire month of July. In all the districts
and townships where land investigation was successful, the poor peasants'
league developed extensively, while in all the districts and townships with
little or no success, the one manifestation was the closed-door situation
of the poor peasants' league. Similarly, many comrades failed to recognize
the great leadership effect of the farm laborers in the land investigation
movement. The party resolution stated: "The farm laborer masses are the
rural brothers of the urban proletariat and the vanguard of the land
revolution; therefore; the work personnel of the soviets must establish a
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
close connection with the labor union, develop and organize the positivity
of the worker masses through it, and turn them into the vanguard of the
land investigation movement." Not many of our comrades followed this
instruction. Here, the main means is to make the rural workers join the
poor peasants' league and form separate workers' cells within it. Through
such workers' cells, the positive elements among the poor peasants are
rallied to develop the poor peasants' league and promote the progress of
the land investigation movement. The experiences of Shan-ho township,
Huang-po District, are valuable. When our comrades failed twice to call a
poor peasants' league meeting, they held a joint mass meeting of the
agricultural and handicraft labor unions and activated several dozen workers.
Each worker brought a poor peasant to the poor peasants' league. The next
day, a poor peasants' league meeting was held and the land investigation
movement was launched in Shan-ho township. This experience must be
introduced in all the rural villages. The higher level leading organ of the
labor union must render positive guidance to the lower level labor union
and consider land investigation one of the important tasks of the labor
union.
VI. Incorrect Concepts of the Rich Peasant Issue.
Our general strategy in the rural struggle is to rely on the poor peasants,
firmly ally with the middle peasants, make the farm laborers produce a
vanguard effect, and rally all revolutionary forces, in order to eliminate
the landlord class and resist the rich peasants. On the rich peasant issue,
the party has stated correctly: "The landlords and rich peasants must be
clearly distinguished. In the struggle to eliminate ruthlessly the landlord
remnants, there must not be any attempt to eliminate the rich peasants."
In the land investigation in July, though there was no theory openly advocating
the elimination of the rich peasants, instances of considering them as
landlords and confiscating all their assets were discovered in many areas.
The source of the error was a result of obliterating the labor force of the
rich peasants. When we said that "those who perform no labor, or only
incidental labor, but practice exploitation, such as collecting land rent,
are landlords," some areas considered those who used considerable number
of labor elements as "performing only incidental labor" and classified them
as landlords. Other areas considered the rich peasants who also exploited
by high interest loans as "usurers" and handled them according to the
method of "eliminating usurers." There were also areas which reckoned old
accounts, going back a certain number of years before the revolution. If
a person hired permanent help 5 or 6 years, or even 10 or more years, before
the revolution, he was considered a rich peasant. Or, the well-to-do middle
peasants who once hired permanent help for 1 or 2 years but had not done
so since then were classified as rich peasants. The even more serious
instances occurred in a certain area in Hsing-kuo. They distinguished the
landlords and rich peasants by the number of exploitations. Those guilty
of three kinds of exploitations were called landlords, and those guilty of
two kinds, rich peasants. For instance, if a peasant hired permanent help,
collected rent, and lent out money, he was considered a landlord regardless
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
of the number of family members who labored. Then, the problem of
"reactionary rich peasants" was very confused in many areas. One rich
peasant in Wu-yang District who was also a merchant had 17 mouths to feed
In the fam!l.y. Because One member of his family joined the AB League 2
years ago and was killed, the comrades there insisted on confiscating his
entire family assets. Similar instances were many in other areas. In
regard to the rich peasants who were not guilty of very serious counter-
revolutionary conduct before the uprising, such as "collecting 30 percent
grain as rent" (Jui-chin), and who did not perform any counterrevolutionary
activity in the several years since the uprising, the majority of the masses
did not want to punish them; yet some of our comrades insisted on
confiscating their assets. Actually, in regard to this kind of people we
must use different strategies for consolidated areas and uncosolidated
outlying areas. In the outlying areas, doubtlessly we must adopt a strict
method and suppress all counterrevolutionary elements, including the rich
peasants. In central areas, we must decide according to the situation. In
regard to those who indulged in serious conterrevolutionary conduct before
the uprising, or who continued in their counterrevolutionary activities after
the uprising, naturally we must confiscate their assets, but otherwise we.
must not do so. For some households, we should confiscate only the assets
belonging to the guilty party himself and those directly connected with his
counterrevolutionary conduct, and leave the assets of the rest of the family
intact. This is the only way to handle it correctly.
VII. The Worker-Peasant Procurators' Department Failed To Discharge
Its Duties and Made Mistakes.
Many of our comrades in the worker-peasant procurators' department did not
realize that the land investigation movement was the best opportunity to
launch the ideological struggle, resist bureaucraticism, oppose corruption,
decadence, and negative slowdown, and expel the class deviationists from
the soviet, and they were very inadequate in performing such work. Many of
them, in face of the violent class struggle, manifested their negative
vacillation, bureaucraticism, and formalism. The chief of the Jui-chin
city soviet worker-peasant procurators' section sheltered the chief of the
city soviet judicial section who was guilty of grave corruption (appropri-
ating over 1,000 yuan of public funds). The chief of Tu-t'ou District
worker-peasant procurators' section failed to criticize or prosecute the
district soviet chairman who neglected land investigation. In some areas,
the worker-peasant procurators' department followed another erroneous
directions in its prosecution movement. They considered love as decadence
and taking things belonging to the landlords as corruption and prosecuted,
or even tried in public, the culprits. Some areas dismissed those making
minor mistakes from their posts. Instead of systematically launching
self-criticism and ideological struggle, which involved strenuous work,
they resorted to punishment in their place. Needless to say, those among
the soviet work personnel committing long-term and serious errors must be
firmly purged, but dismissing and punishing those making lesser errors were
excessive. In regard to the class deviationists, generally only the classi-
fication was taken into consideration, not the work. As long as their
background was bad, regardless of their long struggle history, or their
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
correct implementation of the Party and soviet lines and policies in the
past or at present, they were considered class deviationists and dismissed.
True, we.must firmly purge the class deviationists. Those with undesirable
classifications and inferior work performances (including landlords, rich
peasants, negative slowdown, corruption, etc.) must doubtlessly be purged,
but it would be excessive to handle the lesser ones likewise.
VIII. The Leadership Technique of the Land Investigation Struggle.
If we understand the task and the line, but do not have the Bolshevik
technique of leading the mass struggle, the land investigation movement
still cannot develop. At the beginning of this article we discussed the
many good examples of leading the struggle in Jen-t'ien District and other
areas, but in many other areas, numerous mistakes were made on this point.
In some areas, they did not know how to employ all kinds of means to
activate the struggle in the backward big villages where the landlords and
rich peasants corgregated. In some bi_g villages, only by first arresting
the evil gentry and landlord elements, known to the masses as "big tigers,"
before the struggle could be launched, but our comrades failed to do so.
In regard to distributing the confiscated goods to activate a mass struggle,
which is an excellent method, many areas did not resort to it. In Wa-tzu
township, T'ao-ching District, Jui-chin, the confiscated things were only
distributed to the land investigation cadres and poor peasants' league
members, not to anyone else, on ground that those who were not positive
were not entitled. Some areas were very slow in distributing the confiscated
.things, holding them for as long as a month or more. The distribution of
confiscated land was even slower. The comrades of many areas did not know
that they must produce a nucleus leadership effect in the mass organizations
and villages by mobilizing the departments of the soviet, the mass organi-
zations, and the Party and league members. When the work could not be
started, they would say that there was nothing one could do in this area
anyway. In some areas, after the class investigation mass struggle had been
started and many people came to report on the landlords and rich peasants
and request investigation and confiscation, our comrades were unable to
utilize the mass fervor, lead the struggle, and spread the class investigation
work to the various villages. In some areas, after some investigation, the
struggle fervor of the masses could not continue to rise and a situation of
stagnation appeared. Our comrades were unable to stimulate the masses by
all kinds of means in order to raise their enthusiasm until all feudal
remnants were eliminated. In other areas, after the land investigation
movement, when the struggle fervor of the masses flourished, our comrades
.were unable to organize and shift the fervor to another front. For instance,
after the people received things or land, they should have, at the mass
meetings or other favorable occasions, encouraged them to enlist in the
Red Army, sell bonds, join the cooperative, devote their effort to fall
harvesting and fall plowing, establish clubs and literacy classes, or
develop night and elementary schools. They missed the best opportunities.
When the higher level ordered such work to be done, they would then begin
to propagandize and encourage. Such tailism leadership, dropping behind
the struggle fervor of the masses, is most detrimental to revolutionary
work.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
In another aspect, there was, in many areas, the undesirable situation of a
few persons working with brute force. We once stressed that we must oppose
the indifference of the majority of the masses and the commandist work
pattern, and that only by patient and arduous work to activate the masses
and win them before we could get the support of the majority and attain the
goal of eliminating the feudal remnants. Such mass work is the only
safeguard to implementing the class line. At the beginning of the land
investigation movement, we must propagandize extensively in all the
villages, explaining to the masses that the land investigation movement was
necessary, that land investigation was not land division, and that class
investigation was not an investigation of the middle peasant, poor peasant,
and farm laborer classes, and clarifying to them especially the distinctions
among the landlords, rich peasants, and middle peasants. Village mass
meetings must be held more than once, especially in the backward villages.
Our propaganda must reach everyone of the revolutionary masses. To attain
this goal, we must first explain clearly at the township soviet delegates
meetings, labor unions, poor peasants' leagues, women laborers' and farm
women delegates' meetings, and other mass organizations, and to all.the
positive elements, and propagandize through them to the masses. Class
investigation must not be performed by only a few individuals, but by the
majority. In regard to class classification, it must be passed not only
at the poor peasants' league, the township soviet, and the district soviet,
but also at the mass meetings of the village and hamlet of the party whose
assets are to be confiscated, and the confiscation can only be carried out
with the approval of the masses. When distributing things to the masses
of the particular village and hamlet, it must be to the satisfaction of such
masses. All these measures are for the purpose of winning the majority of
the masses. The work personnel of the Party and the soviet must never
forget the majority of the masses in any task at any time. We must turn
toward the masses, which means the majority of the masses.. Our work must
penetrate the masses, which means penetrating the masses of the large and
small villages, large and small towns. We must severely oppose the erroneous
means of closed-door-ism and commandism with only a few individuals
performing the work. Yet, our comrades in many areas did not do so. In
many districts and townships in Jui-chin, they never even once discussed
the classes (never analyzed the distinctions among landlords, rich pea-
sants, and middle peasants) to the masses. In many areas in Jui-chin
and other counties, they started investigating without propaganda. As a
result, the landlords and rich peasants created rumors and deceived the
middle peasants. They claimed that there were many landowners and rich
peasants in the township or that several hundred landlords and rich
peasants were to be investigated (Jui-chin); yet our comrades failed to
use the means of "discussing classes" to break down the rumor. A landlord
in Kuang--ch'ang said: "The land investigation movement means that the
Central Government wants the debtors to repay their debts to the Central;"
yet our comrades did not immediately expose such falsehood. In several
townships in T'ao-thing District, besides not propagandizing, class
investigation was performed only by the several members of the land investi-
gation committee, and class classification did not go through the mass
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
meetings, nor the poor peasants' league. They said: "The masses are not
reliable. They don't know how to analyze the classes. To pass the class
classifications at the mass meeting will lead to disputes. It is more
reliable for the land investigation committee to handle it." This theory
is truly amazing! In several areas, confiscation of the property of
landlords was done at night, not during day time, on the sole ground that
the landlord might run away. In one area, for the mass meeting, they used
the method of "mass meeting of the entire district." Less than 200 people
showed up. Three men lectured in turns from morning to afternoon, not
permitting the masses to rest or eat, on the grounds that they might run
away. This barbarous method can be considered another amazing thing!
IX. Launch the Struggle between the Two Lines, Overcome One's Own Errors,
and Strive for the Complete Success of the Land Investigation Movement.
Doubtlessly, land investigation has been launched extensively. Nevertheless,
when the movement is progressing, and when we have made a correct assessment
of the achievements and laid a foundation for its development, we must be
alert and give attention to the obstacles in the movement. Only by launching
the struggle between the two lines to eliminate such obstacles will we
promote the faster progress of the movement. Launching anti-rightwing
ideological struggles and opposing under-estimation of the serious signifi-
cance of the movement, compromise with and capitulation to the landlords and
rich peasants, and the tailist leadership of the mass struggle are the
responsibilities of each and every communist party member. Meanwhile, all
the Party members must be alerted to the danger of encroaching upon the
middle peasants; we must "severely hit any attempt to encroach upon the
interest of the middle peasants," because this is an extremely serious
danger which has clearly manifested itself in the current land investigation
work. The incorrect concepts concerning the rich peasants will also doubt-
lessly affect the middle peasants. All the commadist ways of brute force
are most harmful to the alliance with the middle peasants. By sweeping aside
all obstacles on the road of the land investigation movement with the
firepower of the struggle between the two lines, the movement will advance
in big strides, and its complete success will be fully guaranteed.
? "STRUGGLE," No 24, 29 August 1933
* "Collection of Reactionary Red Bandit Documents," Vol 3, 1935
* "On the Land Investigation Movement," Su-nan Hsin-hua Bookstore
* "Reference Material of the Revolutionary History of China's New
Democracy," China Book Publishing Corporation, April 1951
6080
CSO: 4005
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
SMASHING THE FIFTH 1ENCIRCLEMENT AND SUPPRESSION' AND FULFILL SOVIET
ECONOMIC CONSTRUCTION TASKS
Report at the Economic Construction Rally of the 17 Southern Counties,
12 August 1933
[Text] Comrades: This time we are holding two economic construction
rallies--the 17 southern counties and the 11 northern counties. We have
never before held a rally for economic construction. Today is the first
time. The current situation is: The fourth enemy "encirclement and
suppression" has been completely smashed by us, and the fifth "encirclement"
is imminent. The great storm of world revolution and war is pressing in on
us. The imperialist world war and the war against the Soviet Union are under
insane preparation. Imperialism recklessly oppresses China. Having
occupied four and a half of China's provinces, Japan is extending its bandit
war toward Inner Mongolia. After the total failure of the fourth "encircle-
ment and suppression," the Kuomintang is in the process of preparing a
fifth one. The revolutionary struggles and revolutionary war of the whole
of China are developing forcefully under a new situation. That we hold an
economic construction rally at this time indicates what we wish to discuss
and the purpose of our economic construction. This is the point which I
wish to explain in my report today. This report is divided into two parts.
I. Smashing of the Fourth "Encirclement and Suppression" and the New Fifth
"Encirclement and Suppression"
1. I will first discuss the victories won by us in smashing the fourth
"encirclement and suppression."
We wish to say that:
First, it was a large destruction of enemy troops.
The fourth "encirclement and suppression" was completely smashed. The Red
Army in the central area, Hupeh-Honan-Anhwei, Szechwan, Hunan-west Hupeh,
Hunan-Kiangsi, Hunan-Hupeh-Kiangsi, and Fukien-Chekiang-Kiangsi soviet
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
areas wiped out a total of over 15 divisions of enemy troops in the past
year, a greater victory than the smashing of the enemy's third "encirclement
and suppression." The armed forces of the enemy suffered a most severe
setback. All the middle and lower echelon officers of the enemy army are
in mortal fear of the Red Army and are afraid to fight it. Meanwhile, the
vacillation of the soldiers of the White army and their sympathy for the
revolution continue to grow.
Second, it is the strengthening and expansion of the Red Army.
The Red Army has become an invincible ironclad force. The change in its
organization, the improvement in its military technique, and the stability
in its politics have all made great progresses. In regard to its expansion,.
it has doubled from the past. We have built a large-scale combat army.
Third, it is the consolidation of the soviet areas.
During the fourth "encirclement and suppression" the class awareness of the
worker-peasant masses and their fervor in supporting the revolutionary war
were raised even higher. The intensification of the land investigation
movement and the development of the workers' struggles have constituted
serious blows on the remnant feudal forces in the soviet areas. The culture
and education mass movement has made a further development. A new situation
has unfolded in the economic construction movement. The work of the soviet
has improved even more and its prestige in the masses has risen even higher.
The soviet banner is reflected in the minds and eyes of the toiling masses
in the entire nation.
The fourth is the expansion of soviet territory.
This includes the establishment of the central area and the provinces of
Fukien and Kiangsi, and the opening of several hundred li of new soviet
areas in Szechwan. Comrade Ho Lung [6320 7893] of Hunan-Hupeh-Szechwan
has developed a large soviet area there.
The fifth is the great development of the revolutionary movement in areas
controlled by the Kuomintang.
As Japanese imperialism forcefully occupied four and one-half provinces
belonging to China and the Kuomintang surrendered to capitalism and formed
a traitorous agreement with Japan, the movement of the broad masses against
imperialism and the Kuomintang has spread on a large scale. As a result
of the oppression and massacre practiced by the Kuomintang, the bankruptcy
of agriculture, industry, and commerce, and the aggravated cruel exploitation
of workers and peasants by the capitalists and landlords, the strikes of the
workers, the struggles of the peasants, and the resistance of the calamity
stricken masses against taxes and levies, and the rural riots and guerrilla
warfare have greatly expanded.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
2. Comrades, we have won great victories, but how were such victories won?
I feel that you all know that they were won because of (1) the courage and
skill of the Red Army, (2) the revolutionary positivity of the broad worker-
peasant masses in the soviet and White areas, and (3) the leadership of the
communist party's correct line. Only with these three important factors did
we smash the enemy's fourth "encirclement and suppression" and win the great
victories discussed above. These victories constituted a tremendous blow
to the imperialist Kuomintang. On the one hand, the revolutionary strengths
have increased even more, advancing powerfully like an iron torrent. On
the other hand, the counterrevolutionary strengths have weakened more than
ever before. Feeling the pressure of imminent destruction, the enemies have
no choice but to prepare an attack of an even larger scale than before,
attempting to salvage their dying control.
3. Therefore, the enemies are insanely planning their fifth "encirclment
and suppression"
To arrange for the "encirclement and suppression" this time, the Kuomintang
has to submit even further to imperialism. After selling out Manchuria,
Jehol, and North China, Chiang Kai-shek entered into secret treaties contain-
ing many traitorous provisions with the imperialist countries of America,
England, France, Italy and Germany, and borrowed large quantities of money
and arms. Moving the troops, training the recruits, and approaching the
factional warlords (but the conflicts and wars among the warlords are
inevitable), he is actively preparing the fifth "encirclement and suppression"
of the soviet and the Red Army.
II. Smashing of the Fifth "Encirclement and Suppression" and the Soviet
Economic Construction Tasks
1. Seize all favorable factors to smash the enemies' fifth "encirclement
and suppression"
China's revolution is now at a critical point. In other words, will
imperialism destroy China? Or will the revolutionary war destroy the
Kuomintang, expel imperialism, and turn the nation into a soviet China?
The imperialist Kuomintang selected the path of destroying China. They
have already adopted the method of a fifth "encirclement and suppression."
They wish to divide China up like a melon or place it under joint control
by means of the fifth "encirclement and suppression," turning China's
millions into slaves of imperialism, into Indians and Koreans, and China
itself into an imperialist colony. This is a great danger. It hangs over
our head and threatens us. Comrades, can we permit them to do so? No, we
must fight for the way out through revolution. Our way out is to subjugate
the imperialist Kuomintang, sever China trom its control, and make it into
a new free and independent worker-peasant-soldier soviet republic. The
critical point is to thoroughly smash their fifth "encirclement and suppression"
and strive for victory. We must still rely on the Red Army, on the masses,
and on the firm implementation of the communist party's line of attack.
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Nevertheless, we must concentrate our effort to seize all factors even more
favorable than ever before in order to smash the fifth "encirclement and
suppression" and win even greater victories.
To gain victory this time, we must perform much work. We must vigorously
expand the Red Army and train 200,000 new soldiers for the front line in
6 to 10 months in the central and the several soviet areas nearby, so that
the Red Army groups on all fronts are even stronger and able to perform the
task of hitting Chiang Kai-shek's several hundred thousand White troops.
We must launch an extensive and intensive land investigation movement and
vigorously develop the rural class struggle, in order to thoroughly solve
the land issue, eliminate the remnant feudal forces, and increase the eager-
ness and joy of the broad peasant masses in joining the revolutionary war.
We must generally introduce the labor law, expand the struggles of the
w workers, and further raise the positivity of the worker masses toward the
revolutionary war. We must, through the election movement this year, reelect
the soviet of all levels, from the township to the central, so that the
entire soviet political power will be strong like iron and able to shoulder
the great mission of organizing and directing the revolutionary more
successfully. We must give attention to the work on the frontier and in
the newly developed areas and make the revolutionary war progress rapidly
toward the pivotal cities. We must launch mass cultural movements and
improve the cultural and political levels of the masses, so that the revo-
lutionary war will gain an effective spiritual tool. Besides the foregoing,
there is yet another extremely important task which we wish to stress in
our present discussions--the work in the economic construction aspect. We
must vigorously launch the economic construction movement and consider
economic construction one of the most fundamental factors to smash the fifth
"encirclement and suppression"--an indispensable material factor in the
revolutionary war. The holding of the economic construction rally this time
is for this purpose.
2. The great economic construction tasks are spread before us!
The intensive development of the revolutionary war makes it necessary for
the soviet to mobilize the masses, immediately launch a movement on the
economic front, and proceed with the required economic construction tasks.
Why? For winning the victory of the revolutionary war, for acquiring the
material factors to guarantee the supplies of the Red Army, for improving
the life of the masses in order to stimulate even higher their positivity
in joining the revolutionary war, for organizing the broad masses on the
economic front and educating them in order to gain new mass strengths for
the war,'for consolidating the worker-peasant alliance by means of economic
construction, stabilizing the soviet political power under the worker-
peasant dictatorship, reenforcing the proletarial leadership, and striving
for the thorough victory of the entire revolutionary war, primarily the
smashing of the fifth "encirclement and suppression," the economic
construction work has to be undertaken. Each and every soviet work
personnel must immediately realize this point. In the past, some comrades
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
felt that, as the revolutionary war alone had kept them busy, how would they
have the spare time to perform economic construction work? Anyone discussing
economic construction was condemened as rightwing. Moreover, they also felt
that it was impossible to undertake economic construction in the environment
of the revolutionary war, that it must be postponed until the final victory
of the war, that it could only be promoted in an evironment of peace and
tranquillity, and that it was out of the question at the present time.
Comrades, are such opinions correct? No. Those comrades making such
statements failed to realize that if economic construction is not undertaken,
there will be no complete assurance of the material factors of the war and
we will be weary in a long-term war. The enemies are enforcing an economic
blockade, and the unconscionable reactionary merchants are sabotaging our
currency and commerce. If we do not overcome such difficulties, will the
revolutionary war not suffer a great damage? The blockade by the enemies
and the manipulations by the unconscionable merchants have greatly hindered
our trade with the outside. The cost of salt is very high, and sometimes
not even available. Grain is cheap in the fall, but soars in the spring
and summer. Such conditions produce an immediate impact on the life of the
workers and peasants and block the further improvement of their living
standards. Will this situation not affect the basic line of the worker-
peasant alliance? If the workers and peasants are dissatisfied with their
life, will it not affect our effort to expand the Red Army and mobilize the
masses to join the revolutionary war? Therefore, the idea that the soviet
economic construction should not be undertaken in a revolutionary environment
is extremely fallacious. Those holding this view often express their desire
to subordinate everything to the war, not realizing that blotting out
economic construction actually weakens and affects the war, not subordinating
it to the war. Precisely for the purpose of subordinating economic
construction to the war, we must undertake all kinds of necessary economic
construction work, because it is an extremely necessary and indispensable
factor of the revolutionary war. Only when the work on the economic front
is launched and the economy of the soviet areas developed will the
revolutionary war acquire an appropriate material foundation, making it
possible for us to launch more successful military attacks and deal effective
blows on the enemy "encirclement and suppression." Only then will we have
the strength to expand 1 million Red troops and extend our front several
thousand li away. Only then will the iron troops of our Red Army be able
to hit Nan-ch'ang and Chiu-chiang without a backward glance. Only then
will our Red Army soldiers be relieved of the chore of foraging for their
own provisons and concentrate on fighting the enemies. Only then will our
broad masses be appropriately satisfied with their living and become more
eager to serve in the Red Army and perform all kinds of revolutionary work.
Only by so doing can it be called subordination to the war; otherwise, it
will not be subordination to the war, but the absence of the one determining
factor of the war. This opportunist vievpoint is completely wrong. Among
the soviet work personnel in all areas, many still do not understand the
importance of economic construction in the revolutionary war. They have not
truly placed the economic construction tasks on their shoulders. Therefore,
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
they have not devoted all their energy to implement the appeal of the Central
Government or exerted a hundred-fold effort to develop the movement on the
economic front. Take the following instances: Many government presidiums
do not stress the discussion of economic construction. The organization of
the national economy department is still not sound. Some of them have not
even found a department chief, or they assign the unqualified to perform
the work of the national economy department. The development of the cooper-
ative is still in the initial stage. The work of balancing grain supplies
is only performed in a part of the areas. The various areas have not
propagandized the task of economic construction to the broad masses. This
is extremely important. The fervor to struggle for economic construction
has not been created in the masses. All such conditions are the result of
failing to recognize the importance of economic construction. At our rally
this time, we must first severely oppose the erroneous viewpoints; we must
eliminate the erroneous opportunist viewpoint of overlooking economic
construction. Through discussion of the comrades at the rally and their
transmission to the people when they return to their homes, we want to
create a fervor among the entire soviet work personnel and the broad worker-
peasant masses, and clarify to them the position of economic construction
in the revolutionary war, so that they will devote their unanimous effort
to selling 3 to 6 million yuan of economic construction bonds. We want to
develop the cooperative movement and recruit 1 million people to join the
cooperatives, half for the consumer cooperatives and the other half for
the grain cooperatives. We want to build granaries generally and establish
famine preparation storehouses. Every county seat must organize a grain
balancing branch bureau, and crucial areas and markets must organize grain
balancing sub-bureaus, so that, on the one hand, the shortages and surpluses
in the soviet areas are balanced and the prices made more uniform and, on
the other hand, the surplus grain of soviet areas is shipped out according
to plans (not unrestricted) and sold at a high price, without the intermediate
exploitation of the unconscionable merchants. With the cash acquired from
the White areas, we can purchase the necessities. We want to vigorously
develop agricultural and handicraft production, so that the harvest next year
will be even greater and such special products as tungsten, lumber, camphor,
paper, tobacco, summer cloth, mushrooms, and peppermint oil will resume their
past output and be shipped out to the White areas in volume. Tungsten, for
instance, is an industry with a good future, because it is needed by the
military industry of imperialism. The export of tungsten has great prospects.
We must have several thousand or tens of thousands of people to mine tungsten.
For the development of agricultural production, the manufacture of farm
tools and lime is extremely necessary. In regard to the volumes of import
and export trade, the largest export from the soviet areas is grain. The
central soviet area exports approximately 3 million tan of grain a year.
With our 3 million people, the export of 1 tan of grain per capita to exchange
for necessities is about the minimum. Who is handling the transactions?
They are exclusively handled by the merchants. The merchants indulge in
extremely cruel exploitations. Last year, the peasants of Wan-t'ai sold
the grain to the merchants at 0.50 yuan per tan, and the latter sold it
in Kan-chou at 4.00 yuan, an 8-fold profit. Take another instance:
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
Our 3 million people consume almost 9 million yuan of salt and 6 million
yuan of fabric per year. Needless to say, the import of the 15 million
yuan's worth of salt and fabric, so far, has been monopolized by the
merchants, and our soviet has never interfered. The merchants' exploitation
is unbelievable. They buy salt in Chia-ying-chou, for instance, at
7 catties per yuan, bring it into the soviet area and sell at 12 ounces
per yuan. Isn't such exploitation alarming? The soviet can no longer
remain on the sideline. We must take action from now on. Our foreign trade
bureau must devote a great effort in this aspect. How do we plan to spend
the proceeds of the 3 million economic construction bonds? We plan to use
the money in the following way: 1 million to be allocated to the Red Army
for its war expenditures; 2 million to be loaned to the cooperatives, grain
balancing bureaus, and foreign trade bureaus as their capital. A small part
will be used to develop production and a large part to develop import and
export trade. In addition to developing production, our goal is to sell
our export high while buying salt and fabric low from the White areas for
distribution to the masses of the soviet areas. We will thus break down
the enemy blockade, resist exploitation by the merchants, develop the
economy of the soviet areas daily, greatly improve the life of the masses,
greatly increase the revenue of the soviet, and solidly build the material
foundation of the revolutionary war. However, we inquire whether such
economic construction work can be performed in a violent environment of
war? I think only the opportunists will say that it is impossible. We are
not saying that we want to build a railway to Lung-yen, or a highway to
Kan-chou; we are not saying that grain export or the 15 million yuan salt
and fabric import will be exclusively handled by the government. We do not
say so, nor do we do so. What we say and do is that we will temporarily
use the 2 million capital, plus stocks of the people, to develop
.agricultural and handicraft production, export grain and tungsten, and
import salt and fabric. Are these things which should not, or cannot, be
done? We have already begun to do the ork and made some achievement. The
fall harvest this year shows an increase of 20 to 25 percent over last year,
surpassing our estimate of a 20 percent increase. In handicraft industry,
the production of farm tools and lime is in the process of recovery. The
production of tungsten has begun to recover. The production of tobacco, paper,
and lumber is showing some life. Much achievement has been made in grain
balancing. Some work has been done on the import of salt. Such initial
achievements constitute the foundation of our belief in the future. The
opportunists say that economic construction can only be undertaken after
the conclusion of the war and that it is impossible now. Are they not
apparently wrong?
Therefore, it is clear that, at the present stage, economic construction
revolves around the central task of the revolutionary war. The revo-
lutionary war is the current central task, and economic construction is
for its purpose, revolves around it, is subservient to it, and not a
center in itself. The idea that economic construction is the central
task among all current tasks is likewise an opportunist viewpoint. The
revolutionary war requires that the soviet undertake the necessary economic
construction. To pursue economic construction apart from the revolutionary
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
war is erroneous. Only after the conclusion of the domestic war can, and
should, economic construction be considered the center of all tasks. To do
economic construction work which should be undertaken in peacetime in the
future and not at present, and which is feasible in a future environment
and infeasible under the present environment during the domestic war, is
blind thinking. The work today consists of items urgently needed by the
war, and each item is for the war, not a peacetime undertaking apart from
the war. Any comrade entertaining such an erroneous view must be
immediately corrected.
3. The issue of the leadership pattern in economic construction.
Without a correct leadership style and work method, it will be impossible
to launch rapidly the movement on the economic front. This is also an
important problem and must be solved at this rally, because the comrades,
upon returning to their homes, must immediately take action and direct the
many personnel of the provincial, county, and area soviets to work together,
especially the comrades of the basic level and town soviets, and the cooper-
atives, grain bureaus, trade bureaus, and purchasing offices. They are in
charge of the practical work, and they must personally mobilize the masses
to organize cooperatives, balance and transport grain, and manage the
import and export trade. If their leadership pattern is incorrect, and if
they cannot adopt all kinds of correct and effective methods in their work,
it will immediately affect the result of the work and make it impossible for
us to gain the support of the broad masses of our slogans and tasks and to
complete the entire economic construction plan of the Central Government
in the fall and winter of this year and the spring and summer of next year.
Therefore, I wish to clarify the following points to the comrades:
The first is to mobilize the masses organizationally. Here, the presidiums
of all levels of. the government and the comrades of the national economy
and.finance departments must place the issuance of bonds, development of
cooperatives, balancing of grain, promotion of production, and expansion of
trade on the daily agenda for discussion, solution, supervision, and inspec-
tion. Next, mass organizations must be activated, mainly labor unions and
poor peasants' leagues. The labor union must be made to mobilize its
membership masses to join the economic front. The poor peasants' league
is an effective organization for mobilizing the masses to develop
cooperatives and buy bonds. The distinct and township soviets must
vigorously render them guidance. Next, propaganda of economic construction
must be done through mass meetings with the villages or hamlets as the
units. In the propaganda, the relationship between the revolutionary war
and economic construction must be made very clear, and improving the
people's life and increasing the struggle strength explained in a very
practical manner. Appeals must be made to the masses to buy 3 million yuan
of bonds, develop cooperatives of 1 million people, balance the grain supply,
stabilize the money market, and promote trade. They must be urged to
struggle for these slogans, and their fervor must be raised. If we do not
thus organizationally mobilize and propagandize to the masses, i.e., if the
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
presidiums and the national economy and finance departments do not devote
their effort to the discussion and examination of economic construction work,
give a tention to activating the mass organizations, and propagandize by
means of mass meetings, it will be impossible to attain our goal..
Second, the pattern of mobilizing the masses must not be bureaucratic. The
bureaucratic leadership pattern must not exist in any kind of revolutionary
work, and this applies to economic construction. The bureaucratic
leadership pattern, a most undesirable thing, must be thrown onto the trash
pile. No comrade likes it. What the comrades prefer should be the Bolshevik
work pattern, i.e., the mass pattern--a pattern which leads to the closest
association with the masses and is welcomed by the workers and peasants.
The manifestations of bureaucraticism are as follows: One is the indifferent
or superficial opportunist negative slowdown, which is the worst phenomenon.
We must wage a strict struggle against it. Another is commandism. On the
surface, there is no slowdown, and there is a semblance of great effort in
the work. Actually, developing the cooperative by commandism will not
succeed. Temporarily there may be a development in form, but it cannot
be consolidated. Confidence in the cooperative will be lost and its
development blocked. Selling bonds by commandirm is another instance.
Regardless of whether the masses have understood or whether they can buy
that much, bonds are sold arbitrarily according to the desired figures. As
a result, the masses are displeased, and the bonds cannot be sold successfully.
We must never follow commandism. We must propagandize vigorously and
convince the masses by persuation. We must develop the cooperative, sell
bonds, and perform all economic mobilization work according to the concrete
circumstances and the concrete manifestations of the sentiment of the masses.
Third, the economic construction movement requires large numbers of working
cadres. It is not an undertaking of tens or hundreds of people, but
thousands and tens of thousands. They must be organized, trained, and
sent to the battlefield of economic construction. They are the commanders
on the economic front, while the broad masses are the soldiers. The
opportunist often laments the lack of cadres. Comrades, is there really
lack of cadres? Innumerable cadres have emerged from the masses tempered
in the land struggle, economic struggle, and revolutionary war involving
millions in the soviet areas. How can one say there is a lack of cadres?
If the opportunist viewpoint is discarded, one will see the cadres standing
in front of him.
Finally, I wish to say that economic construction is not only inseparable
from the general task of war, but also from other tasks. Only by an
intensive land investigation movement will the rural class struggle be
further developed, the positivity of the peasants increased, and the broad
peasants rapidly led to the battlefield of economic construction. Only
by firmly implementing the labor law will the life of the worker-peasant
masses be improved, the worker masses rapidly recruited for economic
construction enterprises, and their leadership effect on the peasants
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
 Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5
strengthened. Only by the correct guidance of the election movement and the
prosecution movement, which is launched with the land investigation movement,
will the soviet organs become even sounder and the soviet even more effective
in guiding the revolutionary war, the work of all aspects, and economic work.
Improving the political and cultural levels of the masses is also of extreme
importance in developing the national economy. There is no need for me to
stress the fact that the work of expanding the Red Army cannot be ignored
even for one day. You all know that, without the victories of the Red Army,
the economic blockade would have been even more severe. On the other hand,
the development of the national economy and the improvement of the people's
life will doubtlessly help expand the Red Army, so that the broad masses
will march to the frontline in large groups. In general, if we acquire all
the factors discussed above, and if we also acquire the new and extremely
important factor of economic construction, and subordinate all the factors
to war, then, the victory of the fifth "encirclement and suppression"
campaign will doubtlessly be ours. (Enthusiastic applause).
? "RED CHINA," No 102, 16 August 1933
6080
CSO: 4005 END
Approved For Release 2008/03/19: CIA-RDP04-0146OR000100020001-5