MISSILE LAUNCHING COMPLEX AND TEST RANGE TYURA TAM, U S S R HTA/JR - 4/58 SEPTEMBER 1958

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 53
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 24, 2005
• Sequence Number: 26
• Publication Date: September 1, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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Joint Photographic Intelligence Keport
MISSILE LAUNCHING COMPLEX
and
TEST RANGE
TYURA TAM, USSR
25X1
25X1
HTA/JR - 4/58
No. Pages
COPY NO.:
SEPTEMBER 1958
1"1"" ?I d Disseminated by CIA/PI
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WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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TOP SECRET
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MISSILE LAUNCHING COMPLEX
and
TEST RANGE
TYURA TAM, USSR
HTA/JR - 4/58
SEPTEMBER 1958
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HTA/JR - 4/58
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PREFACE
Joint Photographic Intelligence Report JR-4-58 has been prepared by the Army, Navy, and
Central Intelligence Agency, under Army Chairmanship. Its scope is intended to fulfill the
combined requirements of the intelligence community on the Tyura Tam Missile Launching
Complex and the Tyura Tam Missile Test Range. Requirements have been detailed as follows:
Army ACSI, ISO SRI-132-1, Navy 0P922H1 project 17-57, and CIA SI/R-55/57, SI/R-77/57,
SI/R-29/58, RR/E/R-31/57, and RR/B/R-45/57. In addition, much assistance was received
from the Guided Missile Intelligence Committee (GMIC) in clarifying, amplifying, and coordinat-
ing the various intelligence requirements.
This report has been prepared primarily to provide a comprehensive photo intelligence
treatment of these important installations, and secondly to facilitate future research and analysis
by having under one cover as much information concerning them as was possible to glean from
available photography. In many instances it reflects the counsel of leading authorities in the
fields of guided missiles and electronics who were provided by the GMIC and the Department
of the Army. Moreover, information from this report has already been used by GMIC in the
preparation of their annual estimate presented to the Intelligence Advisory Committee.
Background geographic data were supplied mainly by the Geographic Division of the Office
of Research and Reports, CIA. The term "miles" used throughout this report means nautical
miles.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
page
7
TYURA TAM MISSILE LAUNCHING COMPLEX 8
RANGE HEAD 10
LAUNCH AREA "A" 12
POSSIBLE LAUNCH AREA "B" 16
LAUNCH SUPPORT AREA 18
PERSONNEL AND STORAGE AREA 20
VEHICLE PARK 20
SUPPORT BASE 21
ADMINISTRATION AND HOUSING AREA 22
TYURA TAM AIRFIELD 22
STORAGE AND CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT AREA 22
TYURA TAM RAIL FACILITIES 23
TYURA TAM VILLAGE AND ADJACENT FACILITIES 23
PROPELLANT PRODUCTION AND STORAGE AREA 24
ADMINISTRATION AND STORAGE AREA 24
PROBABLE PROPELLANT PRODUCTION PLANT 25
POWER PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES 26
FIXED POWER PRODUCTION FACILITIES IN THE COMPLEX 26
POSSIBLE SUPPLEMENTARY SOURCES OF POWER 27
WATER TREATMENT, DISTRIBUTION, AND STORAGE FACILITIES 28
OLD WATER SYSTEM 28
MAIN WATER SYSTEM 28
SUPPLEMENTAL WATER SYSTEM 29
COMMUNICATION FACILITIES 30
RADIO COMMUNICATION FACILITIES 30
WIRE COMMUNICATION FACILITIES (LAND LINES) 33
POSSIBLE MICROWAVE RELAY COMMUNICATION FACILITIES 33
TYURA TAM MISSILE TEST RANGE 34
GUIDANCE AND INSTRUMENTATION FACILITIES 36
RANGE HEAD INSTRUMENTATION 36
DOWN RANGE INSTRUMENTATION 40
PROBABLE TERMINAL RANGE INSTRUMENTATION 43
CONCLUSIONS 49
SOURCE MATERIALS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 50
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-SevernaYa 7'311111*
13714
7-55
Railroad
Road or Route
0
Scale 1:20,000,000
rJuI
500
5?0
1000 Statute Miles
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1000 Kilometers
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From: Wenschow-Reliefkarte, 1:20,000,000
Karl Wenschow GmbH, Munich
Boundaries are not necessarily those
recognized by the U.S. Government.
G869
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INTRODUCTION
GENERAL
A missile launching installation, prob-
ably of key significance to the Soviet bal-
listic missile and space-flight development
programs, has been identified at 45?55, N,
63?18, E, in the vicinity of Tyura Tam, USSR.
The installation, covered by photography on
is characterized by un-
usual and complex construction activity,
apparent operational status, relative isola-
tion, and maximum security of key com-
ponents. ' Its functional, structural, and
organizational characteristics indicate de-
velopment of a new and permanent Soviet
missile installation for launching and static
testing large ballistic missiles with (1)
intercontinental, satellite, and space-flight
capabilities, and (2) new or unusual pro-
pulsion systems. Moreover, the config-
uration of certain structures and facilities
indicates that the Soviets are developing
rail-supported and, probably, fully integrated
rail-mobile missile systems.
The strategic location of this instal-
lation, hereinafter called the Tyura Tam Mis-
sile Launching Complex, in a barren and
isolated semiarid area near the approxi-
mate center of the large Eurasian-African
land mass further attests to its significance
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and potential. It is situated in an area
which presents opportunity for considerable
expansion of facilities and permits several
directions of fire. Specifically, it is located
along the Aralsk/Tashkent railroad, between
the towns of Kzyl Orda, 110 miles to the
southeast, and Novo-Kazalinsk, 50 miles
to the west. The installation has apparently
developed around the small railroad town
of Tyura Tam, which lies just north of the
Syr Darya River.
A probable major new Soviet missile
test range, hereinafter called the Tyura
Tam Missile Test Range, extends north-
eastward from the Tyura Tam Missile
Launching Complex. Range head and a portion
of the down range instrumentation facilities
are covered by the photog-
raphy. Probable terminal range instru-
mentation facilities, covered by
photography, have been
identified on the Kamchatka Peninsula some
3,400 miles to the northeast.
METHODOLOGY
The obvious significance of this launching
complex with its associated test range called
for analysis in a degree of depth and detail
unique in the intelligence exploitation of
aerial photography. Line drawings and per-
spective sketches were prepared for each
significant component. Measurements of key
structures and facilities were made with the
comparator. Azimuths, distances, and
geographic coordinates were obtained from a
controlled slotted template laydown and com-
puted with the aid of an electronic digital
computer. Stereogram transparencies and
photomicrographic enlargements were em-
ployed to insure accurate description. In
every instance measurements and descrip-
tions were weighted, verified, and rechecked.
All available information, including the coun-
sel of leading authorities in the fields of guided
missiles and electronics, were brought to
bear on the problem of describing andidenti-
fying the numerous structures and facilities
of the launching installation and test range.
Quality of the photography used in this
analysis ranged from good to excellent. Cov-
erage of the Tyura Tam missile launching
installation and the contiguous instrumen-
tation facilities was more than adequate
to provide the basis for detailed analysis
by photo interpreters and a subsequent eval-
uation of Soviet capabilities by the intel-
ligence community. Although the Kamchatka
HTA/JR - 4/58
facilities were covered by good quality photog-
raphy, extensive cloud cover of several key
areas precluded a complete evaluation of the
nature and extent of instrumentation facilities
on the peninsula.
ORGANIZATION
The Tyura Tam Missile Launching Com-
plex and the Tyura Tam Missile Test Range
are discussed as separate entities. The first
part of this report consists of a detailed des-
cription and analysis of the Missile Launch-
ing Complex, including discussionof the main
operational launching and support facilities,
together with the transportation, water, pow-
er, and communication networks that serve
them.
The Tyura Tam Missile Test Range is
then treated in similar detail. Range head,
down range, and the probable terminal range
instrumentation facilities on the Kamchatka
Peninsula are discussed in that order. In
addition, a detailed discussion of guidance is
also included. To facilitate clarity of pre-
sentation, those instrumentation and guidance
facilities found within the Complex are dis-
cussed with the Test Range.
MISSILE LAUNCHING COMPLEX
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TYURA IUULU
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Tyura Tam Missile Launching Com-
plex encompasses an area of approximately
40 square miles and is shaped somewhat like
a "dumbbell", with a Range Head at the north-
ern end and a large Support Base at the south-
ern end. A narrow rail and road artery 14
miles long connects the Range Head and the
Support Base. Propellant production and
storage facilities are located along the con-
necting rail and road artery, approximately
11 miles south of the Range Head. In addition,
an intricate network of communication, pow-
er, water, and cable lines connects key
facilities of the Complex.
The Range Head, encompassing some nine
square miles, is the prime area of interest
in the Complex. Its most prominent feature
is an unusually large ballistic missile launch-
ing and static firing structure situated at the
eastern terminus of a multitrack rail spur.
Moreover, a possible second launching area
is located in the southwest quadrant of the
Range Head, at the terminus of another
multitrack rail spur. In addition, a large
and diversified group of operational, logisti-
cal, and administrative support facilities
are also evident. Included among these
facilities is an impressive electronics com-
plex of instrumentation, guidance, and com-
munication facilities.
The Support Base contains the primary
logistical and administrative support fac-
ilities for the Complex. It is situated 17
miles south of the Range Head and just north
of the Syr Darya River, in the vicinity of
the old village of Tyura Tam. It contains
water treatment and storage facilities, power
production and distribution facilities, com-
munication facilities ,personnel housing,head-
quarters and administration facilities, and
rail transloading and storage facilities. Al-
though the Support Base shows little direct
evidence of missile-related activities, it is
the primary supply and rail transloading point
for the Complex.
Rail transportation, specifically the Ar-
alsk/Tashkent railroad, is the primary means
for providing access from outside areas to the
Tyura Tam Missile Launching Complex.
This factor coupled with the presence within
the Complex of classification yards and shops,
railroad drive-through buildings, a rail turn-
0-871
JACNELKA
around, and over 33 miles of new trackage in-
dicate the high degree of dependence on rail
transportation. For example, on
at least 140 rail cars were present
within the Complex, several of which were of
unusual configuration.
Apparently, little or no dependence is
placed upon water, highway, or air transport-
ation. The only air facility in the Complex is
a small natural-surface airstrip located at
the Support Base. Otherwise, the nearest
major airfield evident on the photography is
at Dzhusaly, 34 miles to the southeast. An
examination of photography covering the Syr
Darya River in the vicinity of Tyura Tam
revealed no significant barge traffic or other
evidence of river transportation. The only
roads serving the Complex from the outside
are gravel surfaced and are irregular in
alignment. They generally parallel the
Aralsk/Tashkent railroad and, at time
of photography, were characterized by little
if any vehicular traffic.
At least three separate water distribution
systems and their related lines can be traced
throughout the Complex. Lines from the main
system originate at the Syr Darya River and
parallel the rail and road artery leading north
to the Range Head. Lines from the other two
systems serve several smaller and in some
instances key areas of the Complex.
Power facilities which serve the Com-
plex include internal and external sources.
Of primary interest is a new main power
transmission line which leads north to the
Range Head from a large power plant under
construction at the Support Base.
Numerous communication and missile
related electronic facilities are evident
throughout the Complex. They vary in size
from single masts or isolated instrumentation
sites to large fenced installations. Of parti-
cular significance are two large communi-
cation areas. One is a probable receiving
station located at the Support Base and the
other is a probable transmitting station
located along the rail line five miles south
of the Range Head. The guidance and
instrumentation facilities located within the
Complex are generally associated with the
Tyura Tam Missile Test Range and will be
discussed separately in another section of
this report.
Security of structures and facilities with-
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NPLa
in the Complex varies. The launching areas
receive maximum protection. Multiple fenc-
ing, guard towers, and lights are used. Access
through the road and rail entrances is con-
trolled by gates, and a security building is
situated near each road entrance. The
electronic installations appear to be the next
most heavily secured. They are usually
enclosed by a single fence and are ringed by
a patrol road. In this category are the com-
munication areas and several of the instru-
mentation sites. The water storage, missile
checkout, and several smaller unidentified
areas are also single fenced. Otherwise
most of the conventional logistical and admin-
istrative support areas are unfenced. Evi-
dence of passive security,possibly to preclude
ground observation, is indicated by location
of the Range Head some 15 miles away from
the heavily traveled Aralsk/Tashkent rail-
road. It is perhaps important to note that
there is no evidence of conventional anti-
aircraft artillery or of surface-to-air missile
sites protecting the installation. Moreover,
no effort to camouflage facilities can be de-
tected.
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
At the time of photography, the Complex
was characterized by considerable new con-
struction activity. In almost every section,
recently constructed facilities were already
being expanded. Rail cars were evident along
nearly every siding and spur. Vehicles were
moving along the road arteries, and numer-
ous preliminary excavations suggested still
further enlargement. Power, water, and
communication facilities were also under-
going expansion. The large housing facilities
at the Support Base, estimated to accom-
modate at least 5,500 persons, were ap-
parently being doubled in capacity. Most of
the temporary structures, including tents and
construction support areas, were being aban-
doned or moved to other sections of the Com-
plex. The rapid tempo of activity was further
emphasized by examination of comparative
photographic cover which revealed com-
pletion in a short 23-day period of a major
communication area, previously estimated to
be several months away from completion.
Analysis of photography indicates a care-
fully planned, high priority construction pro-
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gram at the Tyura Tam Missile Launching
Complex. The type and nature of key construc-
tion projects indicate that the Complex
possibly was begun not later than the summer
of 1955, two years prior to overflight. In
addition, the degree of completion of several
key facilities and the rate of construction as
evidenced on comparative photographic cov-
erage indicate that the Complex should have
been substantially complete within a year
of overflight, i.e. by mid-1958.
Detailed analysis reveals that many
groups of facilities were completed at the
same time, or were at the same stage of con-
struction, suggesting the following possible
timetable of construction.
Initial Phase (Mid-1955 to Mid-1957):
During the initial phase of construction,
highest priority was given to development and
completion of those facilities necessary to
conduct "live" missile firings. These in-
cluded a launching structure, launch support
and missile checkout facilities, range control
and instrumentation, and an adequate supply
of power and water. At the time of overflight
these minimum requirements appear to have
been satisfied and it is probable, therefore,
that firing operations could have been con-
ducted from the Tyura Tam Missile Launching
Complex by
Second Phase (Mid-1956 to Late 1957):
The second phase of construction, nearly
complete by was manifested
in the expansion of the water storage facil-
ities, construction of two large communi-
cation facilities, and an additional possible
launching area. Of all facilities under con-
struction at Tyura Tam, these facilities
appear nearest to completion and probably
were operational within 30 to 90 days after
overflight.
Third Phase (Early 1957 to Mid 1958):
A third and major phase of construction is
also evident in the Complex. Included in
this phase are water treatment facilities,
a power plant, a new permanent housing
area, and a large probable propellant produc-
tion plant. These facilities are characterized
by permanent-type buildings with well planned
layouts. They probably represent the perma-
nent support facilities for sustained future
and possibly more sophisticated operational
activities at Tyura Tam.
Future long- range expansion of the Com-
plex is suggested by the arrangement of
certain facilities at both the Range Head and
the Support Base. The rail lines in the Range
Head, for example, are aligned in such a way
as to facilitate further northward expansion,
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?
MAIN WATER
LiNE
0

2
NAUTICAL MILES
SUPPORT
BASE
ARALSK- TASHKENT
RAILROAD
RANGE
HEAD
COMMUNICATION
AREA
MAIN POWER
-LINE
PROPELLANT
AREA
LARGE
HILLOCK
TYURA TAM
VILLAGE
AIR STRIP
/
COMMO
AREA
?
?
particularly of launching facilities oriented
toward the east. The large, unused, and level
expanses to the north, coupled with the
discovery of a very short and incomplete
rail spur pointed in that direction, support
this hypothesis. In addition, future long-
range expansion of the Support Base is
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suggested by the numerous projected road
systems and water lines near the new per-
manent housing facilities.
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Topography: The Tyura Tam Missile
Launching Complex is a small part of the
Turanskaya Nizmennost (Turan Lowland), the
vast low plain east and south of the Aral Sea.
Elevations average about 330 feet above sea
level. Local relief is insignificant, with
elevations above sea level varying from a
minimum of 280 feet on the north bank of the
Syr Darya River to a maximum of 445 feet
on the hillock called Kilinchik, which is re-
ported to be located 16 miles directly north of
Tyura Tam Village.* However, only the nar-
row strip of land between the north bank of the
Syr Darya River and the Aralsk/Tashkent
railroad is characterized by terrain of fairly
uniform slope. North of the railroad, toward
the Range Head, is a complex pattern of low
ridges and shallow depressions. The depres-
sions have patches of salt marsh or clayey,
flat bottoms that are wet and sticky in spring.
In summer they become hard and smooth,
with numerous cracks dividing the surface
into small polygons. Since slopes of the
ridges and depressions are very gentle there
are practically no natural obstructions to
visibility.
Extensive use has been made of the
depressions in and around the launching
and propellant areas of the Complex. In
particular, new drainage systems can be
traced from these areas to several of the
large saline depressions.
Climate: Climate of the Complex is
continental, with hot dry summers and cold
dry winters. Visibility is excellent and cloud
cover at a minimum throughout the year.
Precipitation is very low, ranging from one
to three inches per year, with the majority
falling in spring. In winter, northeast winds
prevail as a result of the seasonal high pres-
sure system over Central Asia. In summer
the prevailing winds are more northerly, but
local convection causes some variation in
wind direction.
Vegetation: The vegetative cover is
sparse except along the banks of the Syr
Darya River and consists of desert forms,
*This location of the hillock called Kilinchik
cannot be confirmed by photography. It is
important to note, however, that the only large
hill identified on photography covering the
Complex is approximately four miles north
of the Support Base, near the propellant
production and storage facilities.
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principally scattered low shrubs and short
grasses. There are no trees, and a large
part of the surface is completely bare
except during the spring rains, when there
is an extensive growth of short-lived vege-
tation. However, a belt of relatively dense
vegetation, consisting of meadow grasses
and thickets of reeds, generally parallels
the Syr Darya River.
Soils: The soils are characteristically
desert types. Gray soils predominate, but
extensive patches of saline soils are scat-
tered throughout the area in depressions.
On the hillocks and ridges the soils are
often poorly developed, especially where
sand predominates. In general, the lighter
textures-- sandy barns and sands --appear
to dominate, but heavier clayey soils are
probably fairly common in the depressions.
An area of gypsum-bearing soils is located
in the northern part of the Complex, where
there was probably limited mining activity
prior to World War II.
Hydrography: Great quantities of water
are available from the Syr Darya River.
This river flows from east to west across
the southern part of the area and eventually
empties into the Aral Sea. At Kazalinsk, a
short distance downstream (see location
map, page 7), the discharge averages 433
cubic meters per second for the year but
fluctuates from a minimum of 76 cubic
meters per second to a maximum of 1,080.
The low-water period usually occurs in Dec-
ember and January. The river has two
periods of high water. The first, which is
associated with the spring thaws, occurs
?in March and April. The second follows
shortly thereafter, beginning in May and
reaching its maximum in July. The river
is generally frozen over from the beginning
of December to the beginning of April. At
time of overflight, water treatment, distri-
bution, and storage facilities for the Complex
were undergoing expansion.
Aside from the Syr Darya River, which is
the only perennial stream in the area, sources
of water are meager. In spring, rain water
collects in the depressions and at times may
form shallow lakes, but these lakes generally
dry up within a short time. Small scattered
patches of marsh, however, may persist in
the centers of the depressions. Eight or
ten scattered wells have been reported in the
vicinity of the Complex. Some of the wells
are reported to be saline, and it is there-
fore probable that most of the drinking
water for the Complex is obtained from the
Syr Darya River.
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RANGE HEAD
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Tyura Tam Range Head encompasses
an area of some nine square miles and
contains many unique structures as well as
considerable evidence of operational and
construction-type activities. The most signi-
ficant part of the Range Head is Launch Area
"A", with its massive rail-served missile
launching structure. To the southwest there
is an instrumentation control center and
an interferometer-type instrumentation site.
Sixty-six hundred feet west-southwest of
Launch Area "A", launch support and missile
checkout facilities are situated astride the
main rail line. Additional range head facili-
ties include a power substation, water storage
tanks, a probable water treatment facility,
personnel quarters, conventional storage fa-
cilities, and a vehicle park. In the south-
west quadrant of the Range Head, at the
terminus of another rail spur, construction
is under way on a possible second missile
launching area.
Rail, road, communication, power, and
water lines which support the Range Head,
lead north in a narrow artery from the
Support Base near Tyura Tam village. At
the Range Head, the rail line hooks first to
the north-northwest and then to the north-
northeast before heading east to Launch Area
"A". The road from the Support Base
generally parallels the rail line, although
several departures are evident in the center
of the Range Head. The power and water
distribution systems appear to have con-
nections with nearly all major facilities and
structures.
A large communication installation,
Communication Area "A", is located five
miles south of the Range Head, along the
east side of the rail line. Although located
outside the Range Head, this area is included
for discussion purposes because of its proxi-
mity and the intricate net of buried cable
and overhead transmission lines that connect
both areas. This facility, under construction
at the time of photography, probably will be
the transmitting station for the Complex. In
this regard it is important to note that a
probable wire communication system, main-
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tamed through buried cable lines, connects
this area with Launch Area "A", Possible
Launch Area "B", the Interferometer-Type
Instrumentation Site, and the Instrumentation
Control Center. Data from these facilities
concerning preparation for firings probably
are transmitted from Communication Area
"A" to down range stations.
Rail facilities supporting the Range Head
are complex, and in some instances unique.
Numerous rail cars are situated along the
tracks leading to Launch Area "A". Of
particular interest are several cars of un-
usual shape, apparently designed specifically
for missile handling. In addition, specially-
designed railroad drive-through or service
buildings are located at three different points.
Moreover, it appears probable that missiles
are (1) checked out in a horizontal position
on rail cars, (2) transported to Launch Area
"A" and erected from special missile trans-
porter/erector cars, and (3) fueled directly
from adjacent rail tank cars. All these
factors seem to indicate the development
of rail-supported and, probably, rail-mobile
missile systems.
Although considerable new construction
activity is evident throughout the Range Head,
examination of photography reveals that sev-
eral key operational and logistical support
facilities were probably complete enough to
initiate and sustain a launching and static
testing program for large ballistic missiles
by mid-summer 1957. It is probable that
the Range Head, like the over-all Complex,
is being developed according to a system of
priorities. A serviceable launching structure
and missile checkout area as well as instru-
mentation and control facilities were ap-
parently completed first. Thereafter, at the
time of photography, most efforts were being
devoted to expansion or enlargement of
already existing facilities, and to the con-
struction of Possible Launch Area "B".
It should be noted that the Range Head
can be expanded considerably by a north-
ward extension of the rail line from the
Launch Support Area and the addition of
any number of rail spurs with launching faci-
lities oriented to the east.
LAUNCH AREA "A"
Launch Area "A" is an extremely large
and complex ballistic missile launching and
static testing facility. It is roughly rectan-
gular in shape and covers an area that mea-
sures feet. The launch area
as well as the launching structure and the
HTA/JR - 4/58
rail spurs which serve it are oriented to
the east. The massive and complex launch-
ing structure, which is located at the eastern
terminus of the rail spur, overhangs a vast
pear-shaped pit. The area also contains
several support structures, servicing and
collimation towers, instrumentation stations,
and bunkers.
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TOP SECRET
TOP SECRET---
INSTRUMENTATION CONTROL CENTER
The Instrumentation Control Center,
which has several instruments, radomes, and
other unusual structures, is located 4,680 feet
southwest of the launching platform, at a
point generally in line with the probable pri-
mary direction of fire. A clear line-of-
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
sight exists between the Instrumentation
Control Center andLaunch Area "A". Buried
cable lines, probably comprising a wire
communication system, connect the two
points. Other buried cable lines, roads, and
trails, lead from the Instrumentation Control
Center to the many instrumentation facilities
in the Range Head as well as to those some
LAUNCH SUPPORT AREA
LAUNCH AREA " "
PROBABLE _
WATER TREATMENT 4'
FACILITY
STEAM/POWER PLANT
INTERFEROMETER - TYP
INSTRUMENTATION SIT
?
X
INSTRUMENTATION CONTROL CENTER
VEHICLE PARK
WATER STORAGE TANK AREA " A_"
----- ?
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
I." I PERSONNEL AND STORAGE AREA
Emma
a
/ POSSIBLE LAUNCH AREA "B"
SECONDARY POWERLINE TO
COMMUNICATION AREA "A"
.1?Emsi.
IM=M=I
G-874
3000
FEET
TO SUPPORT BASE
LEGEND
BURIED CABLE LINES
POWER LINES
WATER LINES
CABLE LINE TO COMMUNICATION AREA" A"
65 miles down range. The Instrumentation
Control Center was complete and probably
operational at time of overflight, in
INTERFEROMETER-TYPE
INSTRUMENTATION SITE
The Interferometer-Type Instrumentat-
ion Site is located 1,140 feet west-north-
west of the Instrumentation Control Center,
and is characterized by a circular graded
area which has an unusual "plus" config-
uration located approximately in the center.
The site comprises several control bunkers,
cable lines, and equally-spaced radomes.
Buried cable lines connect the site with the
Instrumentation Control Center.
A geometric relationship between this
site and the servicing and two probable
collimation towers at Launch Area "A"
is such that a line extended northeastward
from the center of the "plus" configuration,
passes through all three towers on an azi- -
muth of in the probable pritnary
direction of fire along the Tyura'ram Missile
Test Range.
WATER STORAGE TANK AREA "A"
Water Storage Tank Area "A" consisting
of four earth-covered tanks and two tanks
under construction, is located 600 feet south.
west of the Instrumentation Control Center.
Upon completion of the new tankage, the area
probably will have a storage capacity of about
four million gallons. Three large covered
pipe lines which lead northward from this
area provide the primary supply of water for
firings at Launch Area "A". Another
pipeline, under construction to the southwest,
will connect new tankage of Water Storage
? Tank Area "A" with Possible Launch Area
813
LAUNCH SUPPORT AREA
A major launch support area is located
along the rail line, one mile west-southwest
of Launch Area "A" and one mile north of
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HTA/JR - 4/58
Possible Launch Area "B". It contains
checkout and assembly facilities, personnel
and storage installations, a probable water
treatment facility, a steam/power plant, a
power substation, and several unidentified
structures. Moreover, it includes what is
probably the main headquarters building for
the Complex, and is a focal point for major
power, water, and communication lines. The
area is served by an excellent rail and road
net and is characterized by considerable
vehicle activity and rail traffic.
POSSIBLE LAUNCH AREA "B"
Possible Launch Area "B" is located
in the southwest quadrant of the Range Head
at the terminus of a rail spur. It is character-
ized by heavy security and in some instances
appears to be similar to Launch Area "A".
Two major fenced sections containing a large
railroad drive-through building, a revetted
concrete pad, and several smaller structures,
comprise the area. Analysis suggests that
this may be a prototype operational site for
rail mobile missile systems.
PERSONNEL AND STORAGE AREA
VEHICLE PARK
A Personnel and Storage Area, which
probably functions as the primary billeting
point forrange head personnel, and a Vehicle
Park, posiibly used for mobile instrument-
ation equipment, are located in the southeast
quadrant of the Range Head. Although both
areas are characterized by considerable acti-
vity, their relative significance within the
Range Head appears to be secondary.
? ? ?
A detailed discussion and analysis of
important range head components follows.
Launch Area "A", the Launch Support Area,
Possible Launch Area "B", the Personnel
and Storage Area, and the Vehicle Park
'will be discussed as. separate entities. In-
strumentation, communication, power, and
water facilities will be discussed in later
sections ,dealing with these subjects.
TOP SECRET
25X1
TOP SECRET
LAUNCH AREA 'A'
Launch Area "A", an extremely large
and complex ballistic missile launching and
static testing facility, is characterized by
some of the heaviest security in theComplex.
It is enclosed by two parallel security fences
25X1 situated 160 feet apart and measures
25X1 feet. Just inside the outer fence
line and parallel to it is a series of light
25X1 poles, spaced 120 feet apart and probably
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used for night security. Guard towers are
located at the four corners of the installation
and at intervals along the outer fence. A
security building is situated near the rail
and road entrances.
The single-track rail line that leads into
the launch area approaches the launching
structure on a man-made embankment
feet high and branches into five separate spur
lines, four of which terminate on the launching
platform. A fifth leads into a building adjacent
to the launching platform. Several long rail
cars, some with unusual configurations, are
visible in the area. Launch Area "A" is
served by a large water distribution system
and is criss-crossed by several major drain-
age systems. A probable communication
HTA/JR - 4/58
system serves the area by buried cable lines.
Analysis of photography covering Launch
Area
were
the
"A" reveals that all facilities
probably complete at the time of
overflight, indicating that
static testing could have
launching or
been conducted at that time and possi-
bly for a limited period prior thereto.
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G-875
12
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,tifAc
TOP SECRET H
25X1
TOP SECRET
Pit: The pear-shaped pit measures 880
by 550 feet, and is oriented along a west-east
axis. The pit has been excavated along
25X1 two terrace levels and at its deepest point is
25X1 feet below ground level. The lower ter-
race level is above the pit base. The
upper terrace lies below the ground
level, and above the lower terrace.
The terraces and slopes bounding the western
25X1 portion of the pit have been surfaced with a
crude spray, possibly gunite?
A road enters the pit from the raised
25X1 eastern terminus and leads to the base of the
pit near the foot of the launching structure,
where there are two drainage sumps and a
large unidentified concrete structure. It is
probable that maintenance of the pit and of the
launching structure base is accomplished
25X1 from this road system.
Part of the great volume of earth excav-
ated from the pit has been placed in a large
pile some 800 feet to the northeast, within
Launch Area "A". The remainder probably
was used to construct the long rail embank-
25X1 ment, leading up to the launching
structure.
The reason for the unusually large pit in
Launch Area "A" is difficult to ascertain,
although it is probable that the large volume
of water planned to be used during firings
at Tyura Tam requires containment, and
25X1 possibly treatment and isolation, prior to
25X1 disposal. It is also possible that the toxic
or dangerous nature of propellants used in
25X1 firings may require a large pit for flooding
25X1 the exhaust.
At least nine instrumentation and ob-
servation positions, annotated on the line
25X1 drawing, page 14, can be identified around
the rim of the pit. These positions face to-
ward the launching structure and are gen-
erally heavily earth-covered. Six positions
(items "a" through "f") are relatively
small and probably house cameras or instru-
ments. The remaining three are large ob-
servation-type bunkers. The largest(itemg)
is served by a covered personnel passage-
way from the road, and is located along the
rim of the pit at a point 300 feet south of the
launching structure. The others are a long
linear bunker (item "h") situated southeast
of the launching structure, and a smaller
position (item "i") located at the eastern
end of the pit. These positions provide
ample close-in instrumentation to support
static test firings at Launch Area "A".
Launching Structure: A rectangularly-
shaped concrete launching structure, which
overhangs the western portion of the pit,
GROUND LIFE
TERRACE LEVELS
PIT BASE
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G-676
measures
above the level of the flame deflector plate.
The top of the launching structure, hereinafter
referred to as the launching platform, is
supported by two vertical abutments which
lead downward to the base of the pit and
measure up to in thickness. The
thickness of the launching platform is esti-
mated to be at least 50 feet, and it is probable
that it has several working levels. Moreover,
it is possible that the structure is honey-
combed with numerous compartments, and
that sections or components of missiles are
processed at these lower levels. Thus,
the exterior face may extend much farther
downward than is shown on the perspective
drawing. The base of the launching struct-
ure is unusually complex. It includes a
flame deflector plate 55 feet wide and flanking
drainage sumps, each of which measures
Their depth cannot be deter-
mined, although analysis indicates that they
feet downward.
thick
probably extend some
Two small retaining walls
are located at either side of the base of the
launching structure.
SIDE VIEW
LAUNCHING STRUCTURE
FENCE
DRAINAGE
SUMP
PROBABLE
COLLIMATION TOWERS
SERVICING
TOWER
PIPE
DRAINAGE
SUMP
FR ONT VIEW
Facilities on the Launching Platform:
The launching platform supports several
unique structures, some of which cannot
be identified on available photography. Most
of these are obscured by heavy shadow
or are hidden in blackened areas. The most
prominent of the structures are the servi-
cing tower, located near the center of the
platform, and the probable collimation towers,
situated at opposite corners of the platform.
The launching platform itself is enclosed
by a perimeter fence and/or wall, and is ser-
ved by four rail spurs and several roads.One
of the rail spurs is centered on the platform
and leads into the blackened launching area.
A second spur leads onto the northern section
of the platform, and a third leads onto the
southern section. Both of these lines flank
the servicing tower and are possibly used by
rail-mobile equipment performing a fueling
or checkout function. A fourth spur, located
between the center and the southern spurs,
extends onto the platform for only a short
distance.
Servicing Tower: A servicing and/or
launching tower is situated near the center of
the launching platform. The metal-framed
tower appears to be tubular in shape and mea-
sures It is
supported at the base by several diagonal
struts. The base, including struts, measures
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HTA/JR - 4/58
U/1
CONCRETE
STRUCTURE
TOP VIEW
75 feet across. The exact tower configuration
is difficult to determine because the area at
the tower base is blackened and in shadow.
A gantry-crane track with a separa-
tion, leads from the edge of the launching
platform eastward toward the center of the
servicing tower. This suggests that the ser-
vicing tower moves from the center of the
launching area prior to firing. However, since
the servicing tower and its support base are
much larger than the gantry crane track, it
appears that parts of the structure do not move
but are fixed on the platform.
Probable Collimation Towers: Two tow-
ers are located on the launching platform,
one at the northeast and the other at the
southwest corner. These towers, possibly
used with an inertial guidance system, are 110
feet high and have a large array on top at
least 5 feet wide and 10 feet high. The tower
a.t the northeast corner is supported on a con-
crete lip which protrudes 10 feet out over
the large pit. A possible third collimation
tower 60 feet high is situated approximately
400 feet west of the servicing tower.
The arrangement and geometry of the
three tower positions with reference to other
facilities in the Range Head are readily evi-
dent. A line drawn between the two colli-
mation towers on the launching platform
intersects the center of the servicing tower,
and an extension of this line southwestward
leads to the center of the large Interfero-
meter-Type Instrumentation Site. A pro-
jection of this line extends northeastward
and suggeststhe probable primary direction of
the fire and alignment of the Tyura Tam
Missile Test Range. Just as the collimation
towers on the platform are colinear with the
large instrumentation site, the single tower
west of the launching platform appears to be
colinear with the servicing tower and a major
instrumentation site 15,050 feet to the west,
along the azimuth of approximately 900/2700.
This alignment suggests a possible alternate
direction of fire from Tyura Tam directly to
the east.
TOP SECRET -1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
TOP SECRET
DITCH
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II
?
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?
.i; TO NATURAL
DRAINAGE BASIN
HTA/JR - 4/58
--
.....
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DRAINAGk BASIN
POSSIBLE
DITCH
--
---
MISSILE CHECKOUT AND
FINAL PREPARATION BUILDING
---------
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FUEL BURN-OFF PIT
DITCH
CONCRETE STORAGE BUN ER
f.
BOOSTER PUMP_ HOUSE
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- STRUCTURE
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Probable Propellant Building: A high,
flat-roofed, rectangular, concrete building is
located northwest of the launching platform.
The fifth and northernmost rail spur termi-
nates in this building, which is also served
by an excellent road system. The building
25X1 measures and can
accommodate one 80-foot or two 50-foot
rail cars. Its hardness and its nearness
to the launching platform indicate that it will
function as a storage point for a special-type
rail car required in the immediate vicinity of
the launching platform prior to firing. Pro-
bably it serves one or both of the following
functions:
(1) Propellant Storage: Propellant tank
cars would be kept in the building prior to
the time of firing to effect "topping" or
possibly fueling operations. This concept
is further substantiated by the fact that a
similar, if not identical building has been
identified along the rail line in the Pro-
pellant Production and Storage Area, 11
miles south of the Range Head. More-
over, at least two liquid-propellant-type
cars have been identified in the Range
Head on the rail line leading to Launch
Area "A". In addition, it is also pos-
sible that work with solid propellants,
such as staging, might be conducted in
this building.
(2) Missile Hold or Temporary Storage:
Missiles brought to Launch Area "A'' for
processing might be held on rail cars
temporarily in the building during other
firing operations. Moreover, it is possi-
ble that missiles or components may be
transferred underground from this build-
ing to the lower levels of the launching
structure.
Special Rail Cars: Eleven rail cars are
located on the multitrack rail spur leading to
the launching platform. Nine cars measure
2925'
?
IC
I
*"
IC
FEET
?
NOTE. a,b,c,d,e,P-INSTRUMENTATION STATIONS
g,h,i - OBSERVATION BUNKERS
I . - PROBABLE COLLIMATION
TOWERS
POSSIBLE COLLIMATION TOWER
sN, PIT DIMENSIONS BEd X 550'
04.
?
?N?
I
LIGHT POLES
. 'Cl
\
80 feet in length and two are 50 feet in length.
The larger cars have tapered or beveled ends
and measure Al-
though most are similar in appearance sev-
eral vary in details of configuration. In parti-
cular, the car closest to the launching plat-
form has an irregularly-shaped front end or it
is transporting a covered object. Although
the cars have the appearance of standard
Soviet passenger coaches, it is more likely
that they are specially designed cars used in
direct logistical support of firings from the
rail-served launching platform.*
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Control Bunker: An earth-covered con-
trol bunker, 145 by 110 feet, is located
approximately 600 feet north of the launching
platform. It is the probable fire control
point for Launch Area "A". A line-of-sight
has been cleared from this bunker to the
launching platform, and a connecting cable
tray or personnel passageway,
feet in diameter and extending some 200 feet
across the open pit, joins the two structures.
The bunker is in line with the servicing tower
and appears to have some instruments or
objects, possibly periscopes, situated on the
roof. One unidentified object or vent appears
at each corner of the bunker. A possible
covered personnel passageway or cable line
leads from the bunker southward to the rail
embankment near the probable propellant
building.
Concrete Storage Bunker: A concrete
storage bunker measuring and
served by an excellent road is located
TOP SECRET
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
@?Xi
TOP SECRET,
approximately 100 feet west of the control
bunker. The structure, which appears to
be a temporary storage point for some-
thing toxic or explosive, is divided into three
separate bays or chambers, each
square at the top. Ramps lead down into
each of the three bays and, although the
depth of the structure cannot be determined,
the tops of the bays are above
ground level.
The most significant features of this
structure are its sloping walls and unusual
hardness. At some points, walls are esti-
mated to be 10 feet thick. The supporting
road, which was apparently built to connect
this bunker with facilities in the immediate
vicinity of the launching structure, is probably
the best in the Complex. It is well graded
and aligned, apparently to insure the safe
handling and movement of some critical item
stored in the bunker, probably one of the fol-
lowing:
(1) Solid Propellants: Each of the bays
may be used to store solid propellant
grains, possibly for the upper stages of
a multistage ballistic missile. If so, the
maximum grain length which could be
accommodated would be less than 30
feet.
(2) Liquid Propellants: Liquid pro-
pellants might be stored in each of the
three bays in fixed tanks. Under this
concept, trailers would back down the
ramps, be filled, and then move along
the roadway to the launching platform.
It is probable that whatever is stored
in the bunker is brought to Launch Area "A"
by rail, and trans loaded at a point next to
the probable propellant building. It would
then be moved by truck along the road to
one of the three bays for possible checkout
or protective storage. When needed the item
would again be brought by truck to a point
along the rail line or taken directly to the
launching platform.
Missile Checkout and Final Preparation
Building: A large drive-in checkout-type
building is located 125 feet west of the con-
crete storage bunker. This building, which
measures has a center section
and two lower end sections
It is served by the same road
feet high.
system that serves the concrete storage
bunker to the east. At least three vehicles
or trailers, probably the ones used to trans-
port items stored in the bunker, are parked
along the west side of the building. Several
smaller buildings are also visible in the
area.
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It should be noted that a drainage line
leads westward from a point adjacent to this
building and near a terminus of the supporting
road system. It appears probable that toxic
liquids of some type are brought along the
road, dumped at this point, and drained into
a newly constructed basin located approxi-
mately 750 feet to the west.
The precise purpose of this building is
uncertain, but some type of missile or
component checkout and final preparation is
probably accomplished here. From this
point, the components are moved by road to
the vicinity of the launching platform.
Support Buildings: A small group of
support buildings is located along the south
side of the rail line. One is a gable-roofed
structure and another is a
storage-type, prefab building
It is probable that these support buildings
are used for temporary personnel quarters
and storage, and house other non-operational-
type support activities. Several smaller
buildings are also visible in this area.
Security Building: A security building,
measuring 75 by 35 feet, is located along the
fence line near the main rail and road
entrances to Launch Area "A". Buildings
of this type are of standard Soviet design
and have been identified at similar positions
in the Kapustin Yar Missile Launching Com-
plex. Several buried cable lines from other
areas in the Range Head converge adjacent
to this building at the corner of a small
fenced area. One of these lines leads from
the Instrumentation Control Center and prob-
ably constitutes a wire communication link
between Launch Area "A" and the Control
Center. Another, possibly a power line,
leads from the power substation. Another
building, 65 by 35 feet, is located outside the
fence line, near a personnel trench or ditch.
Water Supply: Four large buried water
lines serve Launch Area "A". The three
largest lead from Water Storage Tank Area
"A" and enter Launch Area "A" from the
south, passing under the rail line, and then
extend eastward through a booster pump house
and probably to the launching structure. Al-
though the trace 4 one of these lines becomes
obscure when it passes into the rail embank-
ment, it probably follows a course between the
other two. The fourth line enters Launch
Area "A" from the west and parallels the
other lines leading to the booster pump house.
It probably provides the normal daily water
requirements, while the three lines from the
south provide water for firings. .It is esti-
mated that these earth-mounded lines, the
scars of which measure across,
are capable of quickly providing up to three
to four million gallons from Water Storage
Tank Area "A" during operational periods.
Drainage Systems: The elaborate drain-
age facilities in Launch Area "A" provide
some indication of the enormous amounts of
liquid residues that will be handled. Already
discussed in this regard are the large pit,
the drainage sumps paralleling the deflector
plate, and the concrete structure in the pit
which may be an underground bunker for
collecting toxic exhaust residues. In addition
to these facilities, there are three separate
drainage systems. The first and largest is
a covered line which leads from a point near
the pit 1,360 feet north to a natural drainage
basin outside the fence line. This basin has
a large darkened center indicating that some
liquids were probably drained into it prior to
overflight. The second system, utilizing
open ditches, rims the pit and leads north-
ward to the fence line behind the control
bunker, and then westward to the large
man-made drainage basin west of the missile
checkout and final preparation building. An-
other line in this system, previously dis-
cussed, leads into this basin from a point
near the road terminus near the missile
checkout and final preparation building. The
third and smallest drainage system, also
utilizing open ditches, begins at a point
between the control bunker and the launching
structure, and leads 1,230 feet westward to
a possible fuel burn-off pit.
The two open-ditch drainage systems are
located within the fenced section of Launch
Area "A", and it is probable that they are
enclosed for necessary "cooling off" or
safety purposes. The largest system, which
empties into the natural basin outside and
north of the fence line, is probably for the
large amounts of uncontaminated or treated
water pumped from the pit following a firing.
Power Supply: Power for Launch Area
"A" is transmitted through either of two
facilities. The primary supply probably is
transmitted through two secondary power
lines which follow the rail line north and east
toward the launch area. Although the trace
of these lines, which may also serve as light
poles, is lost in shadow just after they swing
eastward (page 18), they probably continue,
either aboveground or underground, to Launch
Area "A". Less likely is the other possi-
bility that power is transmitted from the
power substation to Launch Area "A" through
buried cable lines. If so, these lines might
be used for power transmission in the event
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HTA /JR - 4/58
of the failure or destruction of aboveground
facilities. Earth scar and ground clutter
preclude determination of the power dis-
-
tribution system within Launch Area
Communication Facilities: Although no
major radio communication facilities are
visible in Launch Area "A", a probable
wire communication system serves the area
and connects with other key facilities in the
Range Head. This system, as discussed on
page 10, consists of a buried cable line which
originates at Communication Area "A",
leads to the Launch Support Area, then to
the Instrumentation Control Center, and final-
ly terminates in Launch Area "A". Earth
scar precludes tracing this line within Launch
Area "A".
FUNCTIONS OF
LAUNCH AREA 'A'
The location, orientation, size, and con-
figuration of Launch Area "A" suggest that
it is designed to accomplish one or more of
the following missions:
Launch Facility for an ICBM Test Ve-
hicle: The size of handling facilities and
ground support equipment at Launch Area
"A" coupled with a missile test range
probably extending some 3400 miles sug-
gests development of large ballistic missiles
probably with intercontinental capabilities.
Further, the type, permanent nature, and
organizational arrangement of structures and
facilities in the Support Base and the Range
Head indicate that the Tyura Tam Missile
Launching Complex is primarily a missile
test firing facility. However, operational
launchings should not be excluded as a pos-
sibility.
Static Test Facility for Large Ballistic
Missiles: The size of the emplaced con-
crete launching structure and the large
volume of available water indicate that static
testing is at least one of the functions of
Launch Area "A". ? Moreover, close-in
instrumentation and observation points are
sufficient in number to support static test
firings.
Test Facility for New or Unusual Pro-
pulsion Systems: The magnitude and com-
plexity of the launching structure and of
the water-handling facilities at Launch Area
"A" reflect unusual and elaborate prepara-
tion possibly for the handling of extremely
hazardous exhaust residues. For example,
the large water storage and distribution
TOP SECRET-
25X1
25X1
TOP SECRET.
capacity evident at the Range Head indi-
cates that Launch Area "A" literally could
be flooded during firings. In addition, the
vast pit, drainage sumps and lines, and water
disposal and handling systems further indi-
cate a requirement for special facilities,
possibly necessary to handle one or more of
the following:
(1) Nuclear Propulsion Systems: Several
factors suggest this future possibility.
Among them are the location of the Com-
plex, in a barren, sparsely settled area,
away from large centers of population and
other possible Soviet missile test ranges;
the separation of the main Support Base
from the test launching area by a distance
of 17 to 20 miles; the massiveness of
the concrete launching and static testing
structure; the elaborate provisions for
supplying and disposing of large amounts
of water; the special efforts to construct
facilities for handling contaminated or
toxic materials; and the relative isol-
ation of Launch Area "A" within the
Range Head. It should be noted, how-
ever, that the location of support faci-
lities with reference to the prevailing
northeasterly winds may be a factor
which would seriously limit or preclude
testing of nuclear propulsion systems.
(2) High-Energy Propulsion Systems:
The factors cited above, such as isolation
and provision of massive test facilities,
coupled with construction of an unusual
probable propellant production plant in
the Complex, are considerations which
suggest that Launch Area "A" may
be used to test high-energy (exotic)
propulsion systems. The enormous
amounts of water apparently required
during firing operations at Launch Area
"A" is the most important factor sup-
porting this possiblity.
Launch Facility for Space Vehicles and
Earth Satellites: The magnitude and per-
manent aspect of the Complex indicate the
probable initiation of a program for testing
vehicles of a new and possibly unusual type,
probably including space vehicles and earth
satellites. In this regard, the west-east
-25X1 orientation of Launch Area "A" and of
certain other instrumentation, as noted earl-
ier, suggests a possible alternate direction
of fire directly to the east.
? ? ?
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
POSSIBLE LAUNCH AREA 113'
A possible second launch area is located
in the southwest quadrant of the Range Head
and consists of two unusual-shaped sections,
both of which are fenced, plus a few nearby
facilities. The operational section, under
construction at the time of photography,
measures 4,400 by 1,500 feet over-all and
tapers to 520 feet at either end. It is en-
closed by two parallel security fences, 165
feet apart. Just inside the outer fence
is a line of light poles, probably for night
security. This section is served by rail,
road, and power and water lines. Cable
lines connect it with other key areas of the
Range Head. The possible storage section,
which measures 520 by 490 feet, is located
approximately 2,400 feet to the northwest and
consists of a large revetted concrete pad, an
earth-mounded structure, and several small
unidentified structures. This section is
served by an excellent concrete
road, the length of which is fenced, and by a
line of power or light poles.
Area "B" has been called a possible
second launch area because of several signi-
ficant similarities with Launch Area "A".
These two areas have the heaviest security
found in the Complex and both are provided
with major power and water supplies. In
addition, a large water disposal system is
under construction in Possible Launch Area
"B", indicating that, like Launch Area "A",
large amounts of water will be required
during operations. In this regard, however,
the most obvious and significant dissimilarity
is the apparent absence at Possible Launch
Area "B" of any large fixed launching
structure or pit like those found at Launch
Area "A". Whereas the latter area is
characterized by deep, heavy, and hard
construction, Possible Launch Area "B" is
characterized by relatively simple above-
ground construction.
Railroad Drive-Through Building: The
largest structure in Possible Launch Area
"B" (item 1) is a monitor-roofed railroad
drive-through building measuring
feet, and nearly completed at the time of
photography. It will probably serve as a
missile checkout or assembly facility. One
completed rail line, probably used to support
construction, leads into the building from the
north. The embankments for two additional
lines, one of which bypasses the building a-
round the east side, also enter the area from
POSSIBLE STORAGE SECTION
520'x 490'
I.
?
?
BURIED CABLE LINE
I.?
4
?
?
HTAAIR - 4/58
@ 80'X65'
- 16 -
V?
?SECONDARY POWER LINE
UNIMPROVED ROAD
POWER AND/OR COMMO
POSSIBLE
ELECTRONIC FACILITY
7
//
740
//
II ?Z
///
POLES _-7
Z. V
ill /
1
///
TRENCH if
?
/CONCRETE ROAD//
/ /it OPERATIONAL SECTION
1;4/4400"x 1500'
MULTITRACK RAIL SPUR U/C
LIGHT POLES
/TERMINAL AREA
G-879
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
0
( NATURAL DRAINAGE
BASIN
1000
FE ET
TOP SECRET.
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
TOP SECRET-1
25X1 the north. These lines converge south of the
building in an area of considerable construc-
tion activity, and continue southward some
25X1 2,500 feet. The southern terminus of the
lines, under construction at the time of photo-
graphy, probably will be a multitrack rail
spur consisting of four or more separate
tracks. Embankments for these are under
construction and it is probable that no major
structures will be added in this vicinity as
there are no apparent footings or foundations.
When completed, therefore, this terminal
area probably will contain several isolated
25X1 rail spurs located in a heavily secured area
with few, if any, adjacent structures.
Gable-Roofed Building: This small s true -
25X1 ture (item 2), is situated ad-
jacent to the rail lines that lead south from
25X1 the drive-through building, and is a probable
servicing or storage structure.
Possible Electronic Facility: A possible
electronic facility (items 3,4, and 5) is located
800 feet west of the rail lines, near the center
of the operational section. It consists of sev-
eral small buildings of relatively simple
25X1 design and construction, which are the focal
point of a road and a power and/or communi-
cation line. The buildings comprising this
facility were apparently complete at the time
of photography, and at least one of them is
characterized by the heaviest security in the
Complex. This facility is of special interest
in that it has been purposely separated from
the rail lines and drive-through building, and
the course of the perimeter fence has been
deflected to include it.
25X1 The most important building in the
facility is an individually-fenced gable- roofed
25X1 structure which measures This
building, the long axis of which is perpendic-
ular to the rail line under construction, is
situated at the terminus of a line of power
and/or communication poles which lead from
a point near the entrance to Possible Launch
Area "B". Its position coupled with the fact
that it has the heaviest security in the Complex
indicate that it may perform a guidance or
control function.
25X1 The largest building in the facility is a
25X1 gable-roofed structure which measures
25X1 and is situated at the terminus of a
concrete road leading directly from a point
adjacent to the rail lines. An open trench,
which parallels the road, may be a cable line
under construction. In addition, the line of
power and/or communication poles leading
through the facility may connect with this
building. Several smaller buildings or ob-
25X1
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
jects, the largest of which measures
square, are also visible in the area.
Storage Tanks: Three tanks (item 6),
each are being em-
placed along the rail lines north and south
of the drive-through building. Water lines
under construction lead into the general
area, but photographic evidence is insuf-
ficient to determine that the tanks are used
for water storage.
Support Buildings: Three administrative
and/or storage-type buildings (items 7, 8, and
9) are located near the entrance to Possible
Launch Area "B". The smallest, a
square gable-roofed structure (item 7), is
situated inside the fence, between the rail line
and the unimproved road. The second, a
gable-roofed possible security building mea-
suring [Ltem 8), is located out-
side the perimeter fence, between the rail and
road entrances. The third, a possible rail
transloading building measuring
(item 9), is located adjacent to the rail line,
200 feet north of the entrance to Possible
Launch Area "B".
Unidentified Structures: Five unidentified
structures (item 10), each lare
located in line north of the drive-through
building. Although precise identification of
these structures is not possible because of
earth scar and construction activity, they may
be buried storage bunkers.
Water Supply: A large water supply for
Possible Launch Area "B" will be provided
through a new line (item 11) from Water
Storage Tank Area "A" in the Range Head.
The ditch for this new line, with pipe emplaced
at some points, measures Al-
though its alignment can be traced to Possible
Launch Area "B", earth scar and construct-
ion activity preclude tracing the lines within
the operational section.
Drainage System: An elaborate drainage
system is under construction in Possible
Launch Area "B". It is evidenced pri-
marily by a drainage line under constru-
ction (item 12) from the operational section
to a large natural drainage basin located to the
southeast. The ditch which has been ex-
cavated to carry this line is
It is probable that water used in the oper-
ational section will be disposed through this
system.
Possible Storage Section: The most
conspicuous feature of the possible storage
section is a large road-served concrete
pad measuring 80 by 65 feet (item 13). It is
enclosed on three sides by an enormous
earthen revetment, with the open side facing
to the west. Just to the rear of the revetted
pad is an earth-mounded structure (item14),
possibly a bunker or storage tank. The
exact configuration of this structure, whether
circular or square, is difficult to deter-
mine, but it measures approximately
across. It is served by the concrete road
which also serves the pad. A small shack-
like building or object (item
15), is situated next to the earth-mounded
structure, and appears to be related to the
line of power or light poles which lead into
the area.
The function of this smaller fenced
section, which includes items 13, 14, and
15, is probably related to the handling of a
toxic or explosive material. The excellent
road, the revetment, and the earth-mounded
bunker or buried tank support this contention.
If the earth-mounded structure behind the
revetment is a water tank or bunker, possibly
for storage or control, the revetted pad may
be a storage point for solid propellants.
The possibility of temporary nuclear storage
.or handling, however, cannot be dismissed.
Whatever the mission of the possible storage
section, the configuration of the fence lines
and alignment of the road systems suggest
a direct functional relationship with the oper-
ational section of Possible Launch Area "B".
FUNCTIONS OF POSSIBLE
LAUNCH AREA 'B'
The location of this installation within the
Range Head and the arrangement of its faci-
lities suggest that Possible Launch Area
"B" will perform one or more of the fol-
lowing functions:
Prototype Operational Site for Rail-
Mobile IRBM or ICBM: Under this concept,
Possible Launch Area "B" would represent
the actual layout of an operational site, and
would be the prototype where the develop-
ment of equipment, training of crews, and
test firing of missiles would be conducted.
Missiles would be checked out horizontally
on flat cars in the railroad drive-through
building and moved onto the multitrack rail
spur. Further checkout and the addition
of other components brought by road and
possibly stored at the revetted concrete pad
would occur where the road comes closest to
the rail line, at a point 750 feet south of the
drive-through building. From this point the
missile would be moved to the terminal area
of the multitrack rail spur, where servicing
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HTA/JR - 4/58
and fueling probably would be effected from
cars along paralleling lines. Guidance and
control might be accomplished from the
possible electronics facility located 800 feet
to the west, or from mobile rail cars. In
this regard, it is perhaps relevant to note
that a colinear relationship exists between
Launch Area "A", the Interferometer-Type
Instrumentation Site, and this installation.
Specifically, the line which pass es through the
servicing and probable collimation towers and
the center of the "plus" configuration inter-
sects the terminal area of the multitrack spur.
One argument against the hypothesis that this
is a second launching facility is that missiles
fired from Area "B" along the Tyura Tam
Missile Test Range to the northeast would
pass over the center of the Range Head. In
addition, distances between key facilities
are relatively short.
One advantage of this type of launching
installation is that it requires relatively
simple construction and only minor modi-
fication of the landscape. Therefore, posi-
tions of this type could be easily constru-
cted at hundreds of points along the exten-
sive Soviet rail system.
Missile Checkout and Hold Area: Under
this assumption, missiles intended for firing
from Launch Area "A" would be checkedout
at Possible Launch Area "B". Those finished
and ready for firing would be stored on the
multitrack rail spur until required. The
heavily-revetted concrete pad would possibly
store solid propellants or HE components in a
protected area prior to final assembly in the
operational section.
Propulsion Test Area: According to this
hypothesis, missiles being prepared for lau-
nching from Launch Area "A" could be
static tested in a horizontal position in the
terminal area of the multitrack rail spur.
Preliminary checkout and post-firing serv-
icing would take place in the drive-through
building. At the time of overflight, however,
there were no apparent provisions for exhaust
handling facilities which would be necessary
to conduct such static tests. In addition, the
short distances between key facilities and the
proximity of the fence line seem to preclude
this possibility.
? ? ?
TOP SECRET-1
1
25X1
TOP SECRET
LAUNCH SUPPORT AREA
The Launch Support Area contains many
of the operational, logistical, and admini-
25X1 strative support facilities for the Range Head.
These facilities, which extend for some 6,500
feet along the rail line leading to Launch Area
"A", are characterized by considerable acti-
vity. There are about 53 rail cars in the area,
several of which have unusual configurations
probably relating to missile transportation,
25X1 erection, and fueling.
Missile Checkout and Assembly Faci-
lities: These facilities are located within
25X1
25X1
a fenced area situated astride the rail line
leading to Launch Area "A". Enclosed by
a board fence with a tower at each corner,
the area measures and is
characterized by considerable activity. A
rail line, which divides into four separate
lines, passes through the area. Three of the
lines lead through a large building, which
probably functions as a checkout and possible
25X1 assembly point for missiles in a horizontal
position on rail cars. This building, which
is the largest one in the area, measures 395
by 95 feet, and is 70 feet high. A narrow
25X1 shed parallels the entire west side of this
gable-roofed structure. A small flat-roofed
section, probably a monitor for ventilation,
is situated near the north end. The build-
ing is served by water and power lines and a
good road system. The fourth rail line into
the area leads around the east side of the
building and connects with the other three
lines outside the fenced area.
Considerable activity is found in the
northern section of the area on the rail lines
and the concrete aprons that straddle the
tracks outside the drive-through building.
The most significant item is an unusual-
shaped rail car, probably a missile trans-
porter-erector, located along the rail line that
bypasses the drive-through building. This car
25X1 measures and appears to be
a flat car with a lattice steel framework
superimposed on top. One end of the frame
is raised much higher than the other, and the
car resembles a German "meillerwagon"
used to transport and erect missiles in the
"FMS guided missile trains". Another
item of interest is a linear object situated
at the northern entrance to a shop-type
25X1 building which measures , anis
located 150 feet east of the drive-through
25X1 building. The object, which measures
25X1 in length and Feet across, is a possi le
missile or missile stage, or a transporter.
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
Several other support and shop-type
structures,
measuring
including a
security building
are located in the
southern and eastern portions of the missile
checkout area, Of particular interest is a
'which
is apparently connected with the water line
from Water Storage Tank Area "A" in the
Range Head. In the northwest corner is a long,
narrow building beside which a
tower is under construction.
Power Substation: The power substation
is located near the approximate center of the
Range Head, at the terminus of the main power
transmission line under construction from the
relatively tall tower
500
PROBABLE WATER TREATMENT
FACILITY
0
500
1000
L9-881
FEET
BURIED CABLE LINE TO
POSSIBLE LAUNCH AREA"B"
?
FORMER TENT AREA
?
HTA/JR - 4/58
?
35' X 25'?'4".
***/
SECONDA Y POWER LINE
PROBABLE
ENTRANCES
W/ TOWER
TO LAUNCH
AR EA "A"
TWO SECONDARY POWER LINES
BOARD FENCE-FOUR GUARD
TOWERS AT CORNERS
SHED ROOF
TO LAUNCH AREA "A"
MISSILE CHECKOUT a
ASSEMBLY FACILITIES
TOWER U/C
SKIMMER
BURIED CABLE LINES
TO LAUNCH AREA "A"
? WATER LINE FROM WATER
? "...STORAGE TANK AREA "A"
PROBABLE WATER
PUMPING STATION
?
?
?
?
STEAM/POWER
PLANT?
lOX 60'
SECONDARY POWER
?
?
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POWER SUBSTATION
? iiii0UNKER BURIED CABLE LINE TO
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SECONDARY POWER LINE
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STORAGE
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????
?
- 18 -
POSSIBLE LAUNCH AREA "B"
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
? ?
? ?
s s BURIED CABLE
? ?
?
? a COMMUNICATION
?,*
LINE FROM
AREA "A"
TOP SECRET-
25X1
25X1
25X1
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25X1
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25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
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TOP SECRET
Support Base.
power substation.
former station
is a probable control house
A secondary line radiates from the substation
to Water Storage Tank Area "A" and the
Personnel and Storage Area. Traces of
other secondary lines leading to key faci-
lities in the Range Head are evident on the
photography, but the probable connection
between these lines and the substation can-
not be determined because of considerable
earth scar and construction activity in the
Launch Support Area.
Steam/Power Plant: A medium-size
steam/power plant is located along the rail
line, approximately 800 feet west of the
power substation. It is situated south of the
missile checkout and assembly facilities,
and is probably served by the main water
line from the Support Base. The plant
measures 110 by 60 feet over-all, and has
a tall stack located on the east side. Just
north of the main building is a smaller
structure 25 by 20 feet, with a conveyor
leading to the top. Small amounts of coal
are visible between these buildings, but
the primary supply of coal is stored approxi-
mately 2,500 feet to the south along the main
rail line at a point west of the railroad re-
pair shop. Although basically designed
as a steam or heating plant, its location
relative to the power substation and the
main power distribution nets of the Range
Head indicate that this facility possibly
fulfilled some of the power requirements
for the Range Head during the initial con-
struction phase.
Probable Barracks: A well-planned area
containing five small gable-roofed buildings
(item A), six large barracks-type buildings
(item B), and a black-top pad are located
approximately 2,700 feet south of the missile
checkout area. Both sections, (items A and
B), are served by an excellent black-top road.
The buildings appear well-kept and may be
living quarters for top technical personnel.
The pad, 70 by 45 feet, may be used for a
meteorological station, a helicopter landing
point, or an instrumentation or personnel
observation point. A clear line-of-sight
exists between the pad and Launch Area "A".
Probable Headquarters and Laboratory
Facilities: Located approximately 1,500 feet
south of the missile checkout area is a small
group of buildings (item C), each of a differ-
ent type, which probably constitutes the head-
quarters and laboratory area for the Complex.
This area is adjacent to the primary focal
Two buildings comprise the
One is a probable trans-
and the other
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
HTA/JR - 4/58
point for power and communications, located
350 feet to the east. The largest and most
complex structure in the area is a head-
quarters or administration-type building
over-all, facing the main road
which leads through the Range Head. Sev-
eral smaller structures, some of which prob-
ably house laboratory facilities, are grouped
in the south and west part of the area. Two
are earth-mounded bunkers which appear to
have a function related to propellant or high
explosives (HE) storage. The larger one,
has several vents and a possi-
ble entrance facing west. The other is a
rectangular earth-mounded structure,
with several smaller buildings adj-
acent to it.
Possible Transloading and Storage Faci-
lities: A group of buildings (item D) is located
adjacent to the rail line south of the missile
checkout and assembly facilities. The largest
building is an unidentified flat-roofed stru-
cture that measures Four
other smaller and possibly more significant
structures located along the rail line may
perform a storage or transloading function.
One of these is an earth-mounded bunker
measuring
and probably used
for HE or other hazardous-type storage.
Kali I ransioacting .Foint. A bulk-mat-
erials transloading point (item F), is located
along the rail line approximately 1,400 feet
north of the missile checkout and assembly
facilities. A tall tower with a conveyor is
the most prominent structure in the area.
Nearby there is a long transloading building
and several small sheds.
Initial Construction Camp: The original
construction effort for the Range Head was
centered in the section 1,500 feet northwest
of the missile checkout and assembly faci-
lities (item G). At the time of photography,
earth scar and hundreds of former tent bases
were still visible indicating that open storage
and numerous tent sections were formerly
scattered throughout the area. The only per-
manent facilities remaining are those near the
rail line, which consist of storage and bar-
racks-type buildings that probably are still
in use.
Other Support Buildings: Several other
small buildings are located in the Launch
Support Area. The most significant appears
to be a small structure 40 feet square,
situated between the rail lines just south of
- 19 -
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
the missile checkout and assembly facilities.
This single building is strategically located
and is reached by an excellent road system.
It may serve an administrative function or
provide storage for some critical item.
In the southern section of the Launch Support
Area is a railroad repair shop,
and a probable water pumping
station.
Probable Water Treatment Facility: A
large probable water treatment facility is
under development west of the missile check-
out and assembly facilities. It is characteri-
zed by a rectangular-shaped clearing
ontaining at least six probable
settlement basins, The
basins appear to be rimmed with excavated
earth. Two large earth-covered water lines
lead into the area, one from the northeast and
another from the southeast. They merge and
extend westward for 100 feet to a probable
skimmer. From this point the single line is
obscure, but appears to lead into the central
part of the probable water treatment facility.
These water lines appear to have vents or
openings along the upper surface for their
entire length. Although the exact purpose of
the facility cannot be determined, it is prob-
able that water used in range head operations,
which requires disposal or reclamation, will
be processed in these basins. In any case,
water processed in this area apparently can-
not be discharged through the normal drainage
system or dumped into the outlying saline
basins.
TOP SECRET
TOP SECRET
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
PERSONNEL & STORAGE AREA
The Personnel and Storage Area is locat-
ed in the southern section of the Range Head
and is served by an excellent road, a second-
ary power line, and a water line. The area
encompasses some 137 acres and contains at
least 10 separately-fenced subareas and some
80 structures, including 17 barracks-type
buildings, 21 earth-covered bunkers or pre-
fab-type storage buildings, and 12 warehouse-
type buildings. Several smaller unidentified
buildings and a large amount of open storage
are scattered throughout the area. A large
fenced section located in the northeast is a
combined motor pool and maintenance faci-
lity. Approximately 40 vehicles and two main-
tenance-type, drive-through buildings are
visible.
The area probably functions as the pri-
mary billeting point for range head personnel.
In addition, conventional storage, vehicles,
and equipment are located in the various
fenced subsections.
SECONDARY
POWER
LINE \
WATER
LINE II II
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Ifni mil
Mi
105' x 351
MOUND
500'
1-1
HI
MIL
x I x
POSSIBLE
TANKS U/C
20' Dia.
FEET
G-883
VEHICLE PARK
The Vehicle Park, which is fenced and
measures is located about
600 feet southeast of the Instrumentation
Control Center. The park is carefully laid
out and unusually well-kept compared with
other vehicle areas in the Complex. It con-
tains five major buildings, three of which
are probable vehicle sheds, two earth mounds,
and 33 vehicles.
The purpose of this installation is pos-
HTA/JR - 4/58
sibly related to the storage and maintenance of
mobile instrumentation equipment. The in-
stallation is served by an excellent road and
is connected with the Instrumentation Control
Center by a buried cable line. It is also
relevant to note that the park is located in
the same vicinity and served by the same
roads as the Interferometer-Type Instru-
mentation Site and the Instrumentation Con-
trol Center.
BURIED
CABLE
LINE
- 20 -
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5,000
FEET
TOP SECRET H
25X1
26x1
25X1
25X1 -25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1 TOP SECRET-
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SUPPORT BASE
The S.uport Base is the primary supply
tnd tail transloading point for the Complex
and contains administrative facilities, per-
ecnnel housing, and facilities for water treat-
power production, rail transloading,
ard miscellaneous storage. It is situated
between the Aralsk/Tashkent railroad and
the Syr Dx?.i, a River, and encompasses an
area of approximately 11 square miles.
Externally, the Support Base is served chief-
ly by the Aralsk/Tashkent railroad. This
and a small natural-surface airfield con-
stitute the only major facilities providing
Sc; to outside regions. Internally, the
Support Base is well served by primary and
secondary roads, by rail spurs and sidings,
7 power, water, and communication
facP rties.
HTA/JR - 4/58
ATER
TREATMENT?-,
FACILITIES
G-884
Approved For Release 2005/11/T7 ! CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
TOP SECRET-
5,000
FEE I
25X1
25X1
25X1
TOP SECRET
ADMINISTRATION AND HOUSING AREA
The Administration and Housing Area
is located in the Support Base near the Syr
Darya River, at a point approximately two
miles south of the Aralsk/Tashkent railroad
(see page 21). It contains a large permanent
housing section with associated administra-
tion and storage or shop-type buildings. In
addition, a motor pool is located to the west,
and a possible laboratoi y or public utility
section is located to the east. The presence
of new pipelines and evidence of new street
patterns indicate that a major expansion pro-
gram is projected or underway in the north-
east section of the area. A detailed descrip-
tion of individual components in the Admin-
istration and Housing Area follows.
Permanent Housing Section: The per-
manent housing section with its associated
administration and support buildings, is laid
out in a regular pattern which covers some 450
acres and contains as many as 225 major
structures. Numbers and types of buildings
and floor space, in square feet, are as follows:
25X1 28 Administration-type
129 Personnel Housing-type
25X1 68 Storage and Shop-type
25X1 Total Floor Space
25X1
25X1
25X1
It is estimated that the Administration
and Housing Area could have accommodated
Con-
ased on
at least 5,500 persons in
sidering the expansion capability,
undeveloped street patterns and utility sys-
tems, the area when completed probably will
house in excess of 10,000 persons.
Motor Pool: A motor pool is located
just west of the main part of the Adminis-
tration and Housing Area. Approximately
85 vehicles were parked in the area at the
time of each overflight.
Possible Laboratory or Public Utility
Section: A section containing a large and
complex building 145 by 85 feet and a consid-
erable number of linear earth scars is under
development approximately 1,500 feet east of
the permanent housing section. It will
possibly perform a laboratory or public
utility function.
Tent Area: In addition to the per-
manent-type housing facilities, a tent area
is located adjacent to the Syr Darya River,
south of Communication Area "B". The
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area contains 63 pyramidal tents, each 20
feet square, a large T-shaped mess -hall-type
building with 7,800 square feet of floor space,
and several smaller storage buildings. Ex-
amination of comparative photo coverage re-
veals that the tent area is being abandoned,
and that between 15 of the
tents were removed. Moreover, ground
scars indicate that at least 135 similar-
type tents had previously been located in the
area. This reduction in the number of tents
and the apparent evacuation of the tent area
indicates that the construction workers are
being phased into the newly-developed per-
manent housing areas or have left the Sup-
port Base.
TYURA TAM AIRFIELD
The only air facility within the Complex
is a natural-surface airstrip located two
miles northwest of the Administration and
Housing Area (see page 21). It is oriented in a
northeast/southwest direction and measures
4,200 by 260 feet. Features associated with the
strip include a long row of probable storage
crates, a fenced probable maintenance build-
ing an unidentified building
and several probable vehicles.
Earth-moving activity on the airfield at the
time of photography indicates that it is being
improved. The field is in operational use;
aircraft observed include two CABS o
and 4 CABS and one COLT on
COMMUNICATION AREAS "B" AND "C"
Two communication installations are
located within the Support Base(see page 21).
Communication Area "B", which is located
approximately two miles west of the Adminis-
tration and Housing Area, covers 250 acres,
exclusive of an associated communication
control center to the north. Communication
Area "C", which is located in the eastern
part of the Support Base, covers 2.4 acres.
Both installations are characterized by
considerable new construction activity and,
coupled with Communication Area "A" five
miles south of the Range Head, constitute the
primary communication facilities for the
Complex. A detailed description of these facil-
ities is given on pages 30 to 32.
WATER TREATMENT AND DISTRIBUTION
FACILITIES
Extensive water treatment and distri-
bution facilities are located in the Support
Base. The chief supply of water for the
Complex is provided from facilities along the
Syr Darya River, one mile northeast of the
Administration and Housing Area (see page
21). Old and new distribution systems can
be traced to various points in the Support
Base as well as northward to the Range Head.
A detailed analysis of water treatment, stor-
age, and distribution facilities is given on
pages 28 and 29.
Rail-served facilities at the Support Base
constitute the primary logistical support and
supply points for the Complex. They are shown
on the facing line drawing and discussed in de-
tail below.
STORAGE AND CONSTRUCTION
SUPPORT AREA
The Storage and Construction Support
Area is characterized by a large amount of
rail-served open and covered storage. Fuel
and construction materials are the only
items which can definitely be identified. The
presence of 14 separately-fenced areas con-
taining varied storage facilities and num-
erous unidentified objects indicates that this
is the main construction support and stor-
age area and bulk materials transloading
point for the Complex. In addition to
numerous other smaller sections of ware-
houses, shops, and open storage, the Storage
and Construction Support Area includes the
following more important components.
Probable Fuel Storage Section: A prob-
able fuel storage section (item A), which
covers an area approximately 540 by 410
feet, is fenced and rail served. It con-
sists' of 36 probable fuel tanks, placed
horizontally in nine sections of four each.
Five of these sections are earth-covered.
The individual tanks measure in
length and
- 22 -
in diameter.
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HTA/JR - 4/58
Possible Crate Storage Section: This
rail-served open storage section (item B)
contains 24 possible crates, each 75 by 15
feet, as well as other material.
Warehouse Section: This section (item
C) includes 13 prefab-type buildings, 160
by 50 feet each, and two others the same
size under construction. Five probable vents
are evenly spaced along the center roof line
of each building. One of these buildings
has a concrete abutment at one end. A
fenced area within the section measures 640
by 540 feet and contains four of the prefab
buildings, 20 possible crates each 50 by 10
feet, numerous vehicles, one unidentified
building, three probable earth-covered build-
ings, and other unidentified objects and
activity. The entire warehouse section is
served by a network of light poles, and a
rail spur passes through the center.
Bulk Fuel Storage Section: The bulk
fuel storage section (item D) contains two
large earth-mounded structures and several
smaller facilities. These structures, which
are probably earth-mounded fuel storage
tanks, are shaped like truncated cones. They
measure 110 feet across at the base and 55
feet across at the top, the latter figure sug-
gesting the probable diameter of the tanks.
In addition, there are three possible exca-
vations for future tanks, two completed fuel
tanks a large earth
mound measuring 660 by 45 feet, and four
miscellaneous buildings.
Unidentified Building: An L-shaped
building (item E), located 700 feet north-
west of the possible crate storage section,
may be of significance because of at least
eight sphere-shaped objects,
in diameter, clustered nearby.
Motor Pool: The motor pool (item F)
consists of two areas, one of which contains
four shop and maintenance-type buildings.
Approximately 80 vehicles are visible in
the two areas.
Large Shop-Type Building: A large moni-
tor-roofed building (item G), 165 by 85 feet,
probably is the only building in the Storage
and Construction Support Area capable of
handling heavy machine equipment and ma-
terial.
TOP SECRET--
TOP SECRET H
TYURA TAM RAIL FACILITIES
Railroad shops, a classification yard, a
water tower, and a passenger station com-
prise the main Tyura Tam rail facilities
located along the Aralsk/Tashkent railroad in
the northern portion of the Support Base.
These, coupled with rail facilities in the Stor-
age and Construction Support Area, constitute
the primary rail head and transloatling point
for the Complex. The classification yard
(item H), approximately 3,200 feet long and
12 tracks wide, is located north of the village
of Tyura Tam and approximately 2,500 feet
west of the junction of the main rail line
and the rail line which leads north to the
Range Head. A single-track "wye" turn-
around, two car repair shops, and an uni-
dentified building under construction are
located 4,000 feet west of the classification
yard (item J).
Transloading probably is accomplished
in two large buildings measuring 160 by 45
feet each (item K), located along the north
side of the classification yard. Three access
roads lead under each building, probably for
transloading bulk materials from rail cars
to trucks.
MAIN POWER PLANT
A new power pliant, under construction in
is Ideated at the terminus of
a multitrack rail spur near the center of
the Support Base. The plant, nearing com-
pletion at time of photography, will be the
primary source of electric power for the
Complex. New transmission lines radiate
to key areas in the Support Base, and a
large line leads northward to the power
,ubstation in the Range Head. A detailed
discussion of this plant and other power
facilities is given on pages 26 and 27.
TYURA TAM VILLAGE
AND ADJACENT FACILITIES
Tyura Tam Village: The new section
of Tyura Tam (item L) is located just south
of the classification yard. It consists of
seven small fenced areas and approximately
20 modern-type buildings. The old village
of Tyura Tam is located adjacent to the new
section and consists primarily of old, mud-
hut-type structures.
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
HTA/JR - 4/58
_ ?
/
PROBABLE COMMUNICATION
AND/OR SECONDARY POWER ..... ......
...
.... ?
......
......
......
....
.........
".
....
... I ......
...
......
?
?
?
^ -
\7 N
.........
........... ........... ........................................................ ........ ? ................... ........... ilm????????????????? ............... ...
us
S
?
TYURA TAM RAIL FACILITIES WATER TOWER III ...... .
r
....... ....
1 ... 4..00
I WI
...
J
?????? ....
........... 'ffitee .......
. .............. .......................
....................................
RAIL REPAIR SHOPS
.........
......
......
................. . . ...........................
X-1
I a /
huh I 17
?1111
UNIMPROVED ROADS
-
?????????
..........
5pri I L
.... ... L-x 1, cif"
. ???*"
-
ge
. ;;;" .... ......... ................
4:;;;; ..... ..... ............ ---???????????????????
SECONDARY
POWER LINE
L-x-%
? 60
us
?. ? ........ ......
..........
.......... . ........ z
.
011
?
"
rx; s
?tik_
TYURA/ IAM VILLAGE
STORAGE
MAIN POWER LINE
TO RANGE HEAD
I
AND CONSTRUCTION
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
MAIN WATER LINE /11,
TO RANGE HEAD X
? 1
? 1
?
?1
?
?
?
SUPPORT AREA
LIGHT POLES
.................
OPEN
STORAGE 11
? im
ill
.. .
r ... I
,
en
.
!7i1i
1
G
'ex
????????? .......... aim .. ?
G-886
. ..... ??????????????,??
..
?
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&............. ?
SECONDARY
POWER LINE
OLD WATER LINE
SUPPLEMENTAL WATER LINE
Int .......... all 111
am,
f
-
=41
POWMERA I NPLA;
ifiz!,,T 7400
........ ...
Ii
..
;1
/1
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?
????
?
0.0
????
1500
3000
FEET
Possible Crushing Plant: A possible
crushing plant (item M) is located on the
north side of the classification yard, and
consists of what appears to be a multi-
story primary crusher building measuring 55
by 25 feet, a secondary crusher building
measuring 55 by 20 feet, and a screening
building 65 by 30 feet. This plant, possibly
23
built in connection with the reported former
mining activity in the area, may now be used
to process crushed stone for concrete or fill.
An old road, now in disuse, leads northward
from the plant toward the reported mineral
deposits.
Unidentified Fenced Area: An unidenti-
fied fenced area (item N) lies 900 feet
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northeast of the possible crushing plant.
The area measures 640 by 340 feet and con-
tains 11 buildings, one of which is under
construction. There are five major build-
ings. Three measure one
measures 140 by 35 feet, and one L-shaped
building measures 110 by 35 feet, with a
wing 85 by 35 feet.
TOP SECRET-
25X1
TOP SECRET
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PROPELLANT PRODUCTION AND STORAGE AREA
25X1 The Propellant Production and Storage
25X1 Area, located along the rail line four miles
north of Tyura Tam village (see page 8), en-
compasses about 184 acres and is character-
ized by considerable new construction activ-
ity. The area is served by several rail
transfer or loading points, sidings, and a rail
line under construction, as well as by the
main road between the Support Base and the
Range Head. A major water line and a
secondary power line, both under construc-
tion, will also serve the area. The Pro-
pellant Production and Storage Area includes
the following four major components situated
along the east side of the rail line: an Admin-
istration and Storage Area (item A), a Prob-
able Propellant or High Explosives Storage
Bunker (item B), Water Storage Area "C"
(item C), and a Probable Propellant Pro-
duction Plant under construction (item D).
25X1 Along and west of the rail line there is a
25X1 Probable Propellant Tank Car Servicing Area
(item E) and an unidentified area (item F).
The Propellant Production and Storage
Area probably has undergone two separate
stages of development. Initially, several
small propellant or HE storage bunkers and
related support structures (items A, B, and
C) were constructed in the southern part of
the area, probably to support firing operations
at Launch Area "A" pending completion of
the Probable Propellant Production Plant
under construction. These facilities are
probably dependent upon an outside source of
supply for propellants. The second stage of
25X1 construction, probably begun in the period
6 to 15 months prior to overflight, is char-
acterized by the construction of a major
new plant which appears to be designed to
provide a local source to meet future pro-
pellant requirements for the Complex. The
plant, approximately 50 to 60 percent com-
plete at the time of photography and including
several propellant-type production and stor-
25X1 age buildings, is being developed con-
currently with the new water treatment and
power plant facilities under construction
at the Support Base. It is significant to
note that these facilities must be completed
before the new Probable Propellant Produc-
tion Plant can become operational. This
theory of concurrent development is further
supported by the fact that all three facilities
are at approximately the same stage of
construction, with completion estimated for
the period between
It is probable, therefore, that the new
plant, together with the associated power and
water facilities under construction at the
Support Base, represent permanent and well-
planned installations designed to support
future firings from the Complex.
ADMINISTRATION AND STORAGE AREA
This fenced area (item A), 300 feet
square, appears to be the oldest in the Pro-
pellant Production and Storage Area. It
contains four conventional administrative or
storage-type buildings, two probable earth-
covered storage bunkers, and several uni-
dentified structures. Each of the two prob-
able earth-covered bunkers, located in the
eastern part of the area, measures
and appears to have an entrance or
dormer, or vents at the western end. This
area, which is connected to the main north/
south road by an excellent concrete road,
probably functions as the administrative
center for the Propellant Production and
Storage Area and as a storage facility, prob-
ably for propellants or high explosives. It
is significant that the two probable earth-
covered storage bunkers are similar to ones
found in a large surface-to-surface ballistic
missile launching area of the Kapustin Yar
Missile Testing Complex. Four hundred
feet southeast of the fenced enclosure there
are several possible tanks, each
in diameter, and a tent area probably used
during initial construction activities.
PROBABLE PROPELLANT OR HE STORAGE
BUNKER
A fenced, earth-covered storage bunker
(item B), measuring and prob-
ably used for propellant or high-explosives
storage, is located 200 feet west of the Ad-
ministration and Storage Area. It appears
to have a vent located at the eastern end.
A road leads directly from the fenced bunker
to the main north/south road between the
Support Base and the Range Head. Just
outside the fence, at the east end of the
enclosure, are two small possible tanks.
A storage bunker, similar if not identical
?
?
?
?
U/I OBJECTS
RANGE HEAD
HTA /JR ? 4/58
TRENCHES
POLES
MAIN
WATER LINE
PROPELLANT
O LANT
\ PRODUCTION
PLANT U/C
\ WATER
1. EFFLUENT'
c \ LINE U/C
30'clia.
I-61 II l?
1.411a)
I
MAIN TRANSMISSION
LINE
PLOWED STRIP
STORAGE
AREA "C"
PLOWED STRIP
?
If
Is
U'
Ii
I
SUPPLEMENTAL' "
WATE LINI11
II
II
II
SUPPORT
BASE
1 "
ADMINISTRATION
AND
STORAGE AREA
G-887
- 24 -
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
TOP SECRET
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
MX1
H3E1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
H*1
26x1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1 TOP SECRET-.j
25X1
25x1
t 1
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
to this one, is located in a large surface-
to-surface ballistic missile launching area
of the Kapustin Yar Missile Testing Complex.
WATER STORAGE TANK AREA
Water Storage Tank Area "C" (item C)
is part of the Supplemental Water System
serving the Complex. It is fenced and consists
of two earth-covered tanks, each 35 feet in
diameter, situated on top of a hill. In addition,
several possibly related structures are locat-
ed approximately 375 feet to the northwest.
The primary supply of water for the Propel-
lant Production and Storage Area will be
provided by the supplemental water line
which leads northward from the new treat-
ment plant under construction at the Sup-
port Base. This line cuts into the hillside
at a point between the two tanks. From
this point two lines lead northward. The
larger, which is being laid in a ditch I=1
leads to the Probable Propellant
Production Plant under construction. The
second, earth-covered and apparently com-
pleted, leads northwestward to the Probable
Propellant Tank Car Servicing Area (item E).
This line passes through the area containing
the several possibly related structures, one of
which is a small earth-coveredbunker some-
what similar to the ones identified in the
Administration and Storage Area (item A).
In summary, it is important to note
that the only line leading north from the new
water treatment plant under construction at
the Support Base terminates in the Pro-
pellant Production and Storage Area, and
that in all probability large amounts of
treated water, stored in and distributed
from the two water storage tanks, will be
required for operation of the new Probable
Propellant Production Plant.
PROBABLE PROPELLANT PRODUCTION
PLANT'
A Probable Propellant Production Plant
(item D) is under construction in the north-
? Serious consideratio-. was given to the
possibility that this installation was some
type of missile handling area, possibly for
y" tests. The apparently large water
and power requirements, however, coupled
with the fact that the rail-served buildings
were in no way similiar to other rail-served
missile handling buildings at Tyura Tam and
Kapustin Yar tended to preclude this pos-
sibility.
HTA/JR - 4/58
ern section of the Propellant Production and
Storage Area. The plant encompasses 35
acres and contains nine major buildings, some
of which are unique and have configurations
which indicate a function relating to pro-
pellant production, handling, or storage. It
should be noted that several buildings are of
a permanent type, some apparently with steel-
frame construction and others with a notably
hard appearance. The plant, when complete,
will be served by a rail line, a secondary
power line, and a major water line.
Possible Rail Transfer or Storage Build-
ing: A rectangular building (item D-1),=
is located along the rail line
under construction, and will possibly be
used for transfer of materials from rail
cars or for storage.
Main Production Building: The main
production building (item 0-2), which is
situated near the terminus of the large water
distribution line under construction and the
secondary Dower line. measures
IIt has two sections,
the higher of which is I
The high-bay section appears to be divided
into six or more separate structural sub-
divisions, and this factor coupled with the
provision for relatively large amounts of
water and a reliable power supply are pri-
mary indicators of propellant production
activity. Moreover, the configuration of this
building is somewhat similar to that of pro-
pellant-type production buildings, primarily
LOX, in the United States.
Possible Propellant Storage Building
Under Construction: A deep excavation (item
0-3), I L is located east of the
main production building. It appears to be
a foundation for a bunker or a building, and
the location and appearance indicate it pos-
sibly will be a storage facility for propellant
products. The depth of construction may be
required for temperature control.
Possible Generator Building: This build-
ing (item 0-4), which measures
feet and is divided into two sections, will
possibly house the primary generating units
and/or compressors for the plant. It is
located adjacent to the main production
building and may be one of the primary
facilities to be served by the secondary
power transmission lines under construction
into the plant area.
Storage Bunker: A truncated, pyramid-
shaped, earth-mounded storage bunker (item
0-5), 45 by 35 feet, is located 100 feet south-
southeast of the main production building.
Two emplaced tanks,'
in diameter, are located adjacent to the
bunker. A possible building under construc-
tion, which measures! I is located
to the southeast.
Unidentified Building Under Construc-
tion: A long narrow building (item 0-6),
measuring I lis located 200 feet
south of the main production building. It
is approximately 50 percent complete, and
has a possible connection with the large
water line leading northward from Water
Storage Tank Area "C".
Water Effluent Line Under Construc-
tion: It is probable that the large amount
of water required at the main production
building will be disposed of through this line
(item 0-7) which leads from a possible cool-
ing tower or water treatment building (item
0-8), westward through a 30-foot-diameter
skimmer, and then northwestward under the
road and railroad. From the latter point,
the line either leads to Unidentified Area F
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TOP SECRET-I
25X1 TOP SECRET-
25X1
3PE1
25X1
25X1
25X1
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or reconnects with the main water line to
the Range Head.
Possible Cooling Tower or Water Treat-
ment Building: This structure (item 0-8),
which measure. 60 by 40 feet and has a
rectangularly-shaped, open-top section, ap-
pears to be the point of origin for the water
effluent line under construction (item 0-7),
It is possible that this building has a function
relative to water cooling or treatment.
Possible Administration and Security
Buildings: Apossibleadministrationbuilding
(item 0-9), rneasurinpil is located
in the southern section of the plant area. It
is situated near the security building (item
0-10), and probably will be served by the
main road into the area.
FUNCTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
PROBABLE PROPELLANT PRODUCTION
PLANT
In summary, it is important to note
that the Probable Propellant Production Plant,
together with the water treatment and power
facilities under construction at the Support
Base, probably will be completed in the per-
iod between I I It
is possible that this facility will then fulfill
the basic propellant requirements for the
Complex. Under this assumption, rail tank
cars would probably move in along the rail
line to the main production building (item
D-2) to receive propellants pipedfrom either
the rail transfer building (item 0-1) or the
possible propellant storage building (item
0-3), and then move northward along the rail
line to the Range Head.
Assuming that this facility is a pro-
pellant production plant, preliminary exam-
ination suggests that liquid oxygen is one of the
products. However, more careful analysis
indicates that provision has been made for
an amount of water well in excess of that
normally needed for LOX production. More-
over, the design of the massive facilities at
Launch Area "A" indicates possible pro-
vision for use of new high energy pro-
pellants, which logically would be produced
at the Probable Propellant Production Plant
under construction."
PROBABLE PROPELLANT TANK CAR
SERVICING AREA
This area (item 13) consists of a three.
track railroad siding approximately 2,000
feet long, a flat-roofed rail-served con-
crete building just west of which there is
an excavation, and two smaller buildings.
The rail-served building, which measures
is situated at the southern end
of the siding and is similar, if not identical,
to the rail-served probable propellant build-
ing in Launch Area "A" . The excavation
just west of this building lies near the ter-
minus of a water line and may be a drain-
age pit or an underground liquid propel_
lamstorage point.
A new rail line under construction from
the vicinity of this building to the Probable
Propellant Production Plant indicates that
propellant tank care will be serviced at
both areas. Assuming such a relationship,
the rail-served building at the southern end
of the siding would be used for temporary
Storage and/or loading or unloading of pro-
pellants.
Annrovea i-or e ease
POWER PRODUCTION AND
DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES
FIXED POWER PRODUCTION FACILITIES
IN THE COMPLEX
Main Power Plant: A thermal-electric
power plant was under construction at the time
of photography in the Support Base,between the
railroad and the river. Upon completion,
this plant will be the primary source of local
power for the Complex, particularly the Range
Head. It appears that construction of this
plant is included in the third and final stage of
development in the Complex, which was under
way in and included such other
facilities as the Probable PropellamProduc-
tion Plant, the Supplemental Water System,
including treatment and distribution fecal-
tiresa, and the Adminietration and HousingAe
The power building, which was nearly
complete, consists of a boilerhomte 140 by
95 feet and 85 feet high, a generator hall
140 by 75 feet and 50 feet high, and a roofed
transformer section 140 by 30 feet over-all.
A longitudinal section extends the lengthof the
RANGE HE AD
PLANT di/ri
STEAM/ POWER
MAIN
TRANSMISSION
LINE
SUPPORT
B ASE
power building and measureel I "09
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AIN POWER
PLANT
12 MW
CAPACITY
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MAIN POWER PLAN
320'x 65'
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COAL YARD
75'x40'
25' Dia.
115'
COAL TOWER
0-890
EXAMPLE OF
MAIN POWER POLE
65'
10'
55.x35'
Based on the size of the building and the
amount of cooling water to be provided from
the Supplemental Water System under con-
struction, it appears that the generator hall
will house two generators, each capable of
delivering six megawatts of power. Allowing
for line loss and for the probable coefficient of
efficiency of the plant, there should be about
10 megawatts of dependable power available
from this plant.
Other power plant facilities are:
210'x 90'
CONVEYOR
POWER BUILDING
140'
BOILER HOUSE 85'11.
20'
210'
DITCH
GENERATOR HALL 75
MI1111411
50'h.
251
TRANSFORMER SECTION 3
The
20'x1511111
?????????????????????????????????????
mmurlIMI.11.11MNIMIWNI
4i
CONTROL BUILDING
'11
Control building 125 by 30 feet.
One coal tower 95 by 35 feet, and con-
veyor 325 by 10 feet.
One 320- by 65-foot coal yard.
Two semiburied tanks 20 feet in
diameter.
Two semiburied tanks 25 feet in
diameter.
Three tanks 10 feet in diameter and
plant ax ea cri-So contains several
27
unidentified buildings, some under construc-
tion at the time of photography. Several
passenger-type rail cars, possibly housing
construction workers, were located along at
least one of the several rail spurs serving
the plant area. In addition, considerable con-
struction activity, earth scars, and ditching
were also evident.
Steam/Power Plant: The steam/power
plant in the Range Head is illustrated above
and described in detail on page 19.
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HTA /JR - 4/58
POSSIBLE SUPPLEMENTARY SOURCES OF
POWER
Aralsk/Tashkent Power Grid: Probable
secondary lines possibly of the Aralsk/
Tashkent power grid, parallel the main rail
line that passes through the Support Base.
Although positive connection between these
lines and lines within the Complex cannot
be determined, their apparent orientation
and alignment strongly suggest that they also
serve the area.
Mobile Power Units: Mobile or semi-
permanent supplementary power units may
serve the Complex. In particular, some of the
unusual rail cars observed in the Range Head
appear to have vents in the roof and may func-
tion as mobile power units. Moreover,
several of the small unider.-ified buildings
situated in key areas of the Complex may
house generators.
POWER TRANSMISSION LINES
The main power transmission line con-
nects the Main Power Plant under construc-
tion at the Support Base with the substation
located 17 miles to the north, in the Range
Head. In addition, this line also serves the
Probable Propellant Production Plant under
construction. Poles carrying the main power
transmission line to the Range Head are of
the A-frame type and support three arms,
each of which carries two wires. 3/ At
the time of photography this line was com-
plete, except in the vicnity of the Probable
Propellant Production Plant under construc-
tion. In addition to the main transmission line,
the Complex is crisscrossed by a relatively
dense network of secondary power lines which
serve major components.
POWER SUBSTATION
The power substation, situated at the
terminus of the main power transmission
line to the Range Head, is located 1,500 feet
south of the missile checkout and assembly
facilities. It consists of a transformer
building and a control house fl
It is supplied by the main trans-
mission line from the south, and distributes
power through aboveground secondary lines
and possibly through buried cables (see page
10).
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WATER TREATMENT,
DISTRIBUTION, AND STORAGE
FACILITIES
one of the most unusual features of the Range
Head is the huge capacity and diversity of
water storage and distribution facilities. This
capacity, including a booster pumping station,
large-diameter water lines, and Water Stor-
age Tank Area "A", coupled with the water
handling and disposal facilities at the base of
the launching structure indicate that present
or future firing operations will require
enormous amounts of water and elaborate dis -
posal or treatment facilities. In addition, the
Propellant Production and Storage Area is
also characterized by a complex network of
water distribution and handling facilities.
Finally, the permanence and the size of water
treatment facilities under development along
the Syr Darya River coupled with the large
volume of water available from the river
suggest the magnitude of water requirements
At least three major water distribution
systems, each consisting of separate treat-
ment facilities, pipelines, pumping stations,
and storage tanks, can be identified in the
Complex. The three systems are: the Old
Water System, which serves the rail station
and the village of Tyura Tam; the Main Water
System, which provides the primary supply of
water to the Range Head; and a large Supple-
mental Water System, under construction at
the time of photography, which will provide
treated water to the Probable Propellant
Production Plant and the Main Power Plant,
both of which were also under construction.
PROBABLE
WATER TREATMENT
FACILITY
?
B ?
A
1
MAIN WATER LINE
A PROBABLE PUMPING
STATION
WATER STORAGE TANK
AREAS A,B,C AND D
SUPPORT BASE
RANGE
HE AD
1
COMMUNICATION
AREA A
PROPELLANT
AREA
SUPPLEMENTAL
WATER LINE
OLD WATER
LINE
0-891
0 1/2
2
3
WATER
FACILITIES,
4
NAUTICAL MILES
OLD WATER SYSTEM
The Old Water System consists of a short
buried line which connects an old probable
water treatment facility situated along the
Syr Darya River with a water tower adjacent
to the railroad classification yard. This
water line, which can be traced from a point
contiguous to the river, leads through a 40-
foot-diameter tank, up . :ver embankment,
and terminates at i yura Tam village. The
associated water treatment facility consists
of two probable precipitation tanks, each 85
feet in diameter, and several nearby build-
ings, one of which is a possible pumping
station. This system, presumably built to
serve the rail line and the old village, prob-
ably serves many of the newer sections in
the vicinity of Tyura Tam village.
MAIN WATER SYSTEM
The Main Water System for the Complex
includes a high-capacity conduit which ex-
tends 17 miles north to the Range Head from
any of several possible intake points along
the Syr Darya River. It is further charac-
terized by at least three large water storage
tank areas, seven pumping stations, and sev-
eral water treatment facilities. This system,
probably operational at the time of photog-
raphy, provides the main supply of water for
Launch Area "A", and the normal daily
requirements for other Range Head facilities.
Main Water Line: The main water line
which may consist of more than one conduit,
parallels the old water line as far as the water
tower at Tyura Tam village. It then con-
tinues east several hundred feet to a pumping
station, veers north under the railroad classi-
fication yard, and generally parallels the
rail line to the Range Head. The gradient
(along the line) to the Range Head is very
gentle, and seven probable pumping stations
- 28 -
PROBABLE PUMPING STATION
too'
x--
G-891A
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HTA/JR - 4/58
are situated at intervals varying from 1.5
to 3.5 miles. All the pumping stations are
identical and consist of two buildings, one
of which is fenced. Though sections of this
particular line cannot be measured, the size
of the overlying earth scar suggests a di-
ameter from
Water Treatment Facilities: Though the
extent or nature of the water treatment
facilities for the Main Water System can-
not be determined, the numerous unidentified
structures and buildings adjacent to the Syr
Darya River could easily perform this func-
tion. Moreover, it is possible that much of the
water pumped to the Range Head for firing
operations may receive little, if any, treat-
ment. This supposition is further supported
by the possibility that more than one conduit
leads to the Range Head and the fact that
some lines leading directly from the river
have few or no facilities along their length.
Water Storage Tanks: There are 12
large water storage tanks, grouped in three
separate areas, associated with the Main
Water System. The largest group, Area "A",
is located in the center of the Range Head
and provides the primary water supply for
Launch Area "A". The second group,
Area "B", consists of two tanks along the
rail line opposite Communication Area "A".
The third group, Area "D", is located along
the Syr Darya River and is possibly a source
of supply for the Support Base.
BURIED WATER LINES I' I
WATER STORAGE
TANK AREA liA" I
?I I i
?
? 1 /
/
VALVE HOUSE
TANKS
POSSIBLE
VENTS
EARTH COVERED
TANKS 1131` DIA.
BLDG. I
WATER LINE
U
SI Bo
G-891B
LAT TICE TOWER
POSSIBLE
VENT
EARTH COVERED
TANK 45. DIA.
MAIN WATER UNE / POSSIBLE GUARD TOWERS
FROM RIVER-7b
100 200 300 400
FEET
(1) Water Storage Tank Area "A": Water
Storage Tank Area "A" consists of four
completed earth-covered tanks, two
tanks under construction, a probable
microwave relay tower,and several other
facilities located about 5,600 feet south-
southwest of Launch Area "A". The
completed tanks are fenced and are fed
by the main water line which brings water
northward directly from the Syr Darya
River. Two of the tanks are
diameter; the other two are 45 feet in
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diameter. Depth of the tanks cannot be
determined, but assuming that the height
is equal to the radius, the completed
tanks would hold a total of 3.5 million
gallons. For each foot of height, the
gallons; for the 45-foot-diameter tanks
the comparable figure would be 11,800
gallons. At a valve house between the two
larger tanks, three lines lead northward
and terminate at Launch Area "A".
A fourth line leads northwestward from
the area and appears to serve the Launch
Support Area. Water Storage Tank Area
A" is being expanded by the addition of
at least twoi !tanks which
were not earth-covered at the time of
photography. The new tankage lies just
west of the two smaller tanks in the
completed area, and is connected to
Possible Launch Area "B" by a new
water line under construction in a =I
ditch. It is possible that
when completed the new tank area will
be a mirror image of the completed
area and, if so, would double the water
storage capacity of the Range Head.
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WATER
STORAGE TANK AREA "B",
POSS.
MD,
ALVES
-1?11::r
i
POSSIBLE SEMI-BURIED .
ARKS Id DIA 1
'iMZ. EXTON I
'I.
? .... .??.......
I'
BLDGLAVGCRE
.......
,...
-,...
0 GO
100
. MAIN
tWATER LISIX--'
200 300 900 501
ROAD TO
COMMA. AREA
0-892
FEET
(2) Water Storage Tank Area "B": Water
Storage Tank Area "B", under con-
struction at the time of photography, is
located along the rail line 2,500 feet west
of Communication Area "A". It con-
tains two 55-foot-diameter water storage
tanks under construction, two possible
semi-buried tanks 10 feet in diameter, a
probable microwave relay tower, and
several other facilities. Assuming that
the height of the tanks is roughly equal
to the radius, the total storage capacity
of the two 55-foot-diameter tanks would
be about one million gallons These tanks
will be fed by the main water line from
the Syr Darya River, and when completed
NEW WATER TREATMENT
FACILITY U/C
DITCH
.27>"
? *
?? *s.
?
% OLD WATER LINE
PUMP HOUSE
95' 5 35'
fr.
^ OLD PROBABLE WATER
TREATMENT FACILITY
85 DIA.
? ?
?
? ?
? *
POSSIBLE BLDG. % ?
? \
? %20' 2d
WATER LINE ? %
?
PUMP HOUSE?
CONVEYORNZ \
MAIN
RIVER EMBANKMENT
SECONDARY POWER LINE
35,20'
# A
WATER STORAGE
TANK AREA D'
95' 5 35'
PROBABLE
PUMP HOUSE
POSSIBLE
WATER LINE
alPOSSIBLE
PUMPING
STATION
DIA.
300'
:.Y.PROBABLE
*WATER INTAKE
?
30 A20'
65' DIA.
DITCHES
POSSIBLE TREATMENT OR
PUMPING FACILITIES
285'
?
WATER LINE FROM RIVER ?
?N...
,00 0 100 200
FEET
(1-1197A
?
4
300 00
will serve Communication Area "A" and
possibly as a reserve for the Range Head.
(3) Water Storage Tank Area "D": Water
Storage Tank Area "D" is located along
the Syr Darya River, approximately
700 feet south of the new water treat-
ment facility under construction at the
Support Base. It consists of four earth-
mounded storage tanks, each 65 feet in
diameter, a small 20-foot-diameter tank,
a probable pump house 95 by 35 feet,
and several other facilities. The area,
which measures 300by 285 feet, is fenced.
It is served primarily by a water line
that leads northwest from the river and
enters the area from the south. In
addition, a possible water line leads west
from the river and terminates ata small
building 35 by 20 feet inside the fenced
area. Power for the area is provided by
a secondary line, possibly from the
Aralsk/Tashkent grid. The area appears
complete, as distinguished from the
supplemental water facilities under con-
struction, and probably serves as a stor-
age point for the Support Base. It may
also provide water to the Range Head
via the main water line.
SUPPLEMENTAL WATER SYSTEM
The Supplemental Water System, under
construction at the time of photography,
will provide treated water for the Propellant
Production and Storage Area and the Main
Power Plant, both of which are also under
construction. This system consists of a new
water treatment facility under construction
near the Syr Darya River and two major
distribution lines. One line, under construc-
HTA/JR - 4/58
tion at the time of photography and character-
ized by exposed conduits measuring
leads from the new
water treatment facility to the Main Power
Plant (see page 21). The other, apparently
complete and probably the more significant,
leads from the new water treatment facility
five miles northward to the PropellantProd-
uction and Storage Area. The width of the
overlying earth scar, I I again
suggests a large diameter conduit. Within
the Propellant Production and Storage Area
an open-trench extension of this line,
across, leads to the Probable Propellant
Production Plant under construction. The
latter area is characterized by complex
water storage, distribution, and disposal
facilities. A detailed discussion of these
facilities, including Water Storage Tank Area
"C", is given on pages 25 and 26.
New Water Treatment Facility Under
Construction: The new water treatment facil-
ity under construction near the Syr Darya
River consists of six filter and/or sedimen-
tation basins, with bottom dimensions 1-1
A large open ditch, located between
the basins, leads to a pump house which mea-
sures 95 by 35 feet. This ditch extends to
the Main Power Plant and connects at a point
near the pump house with the line leading
north to the Propellant Production and Storage
Area.
PROBABLE WATER
PURIFICATION PLANT
I 131/1I-40 TANK I
I
TRET'01. 117119THOUSE -
BUMS " a"L I "
? I I l
TAN
WATER LINE .
'TANS
\
X I MOUNDS
100 200
FEET
G-8928
500 .0
I
1
NG AREA
SECONOARY POWER
HOUSI
'I" MAIN WATER LINE
Probable Water Purification Plant: A
small probable water purification plant, which
appears to be structurally complete, is
located just northwest of the new water treat-
ment facility under construction near the Syr
Darya River. It consists of three small tanks,
several small underground pipelines, and a
pump house, all within a fenced area. Since
one of the lines can be traced to the Admin-
istration and Housing Area, it is probable that
this facility purifies water for drinking pur-
poses.
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COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
Three separate communication systems
appear to serve the ComplFx. The largest
and by far the most important is the radio
communication system, which includes num-
erous facilities grouped in three separate
areas. In addition, the Complex is served
by a possible microwave relay communi-
cation system and by a wire communication
system which probably includes a multi-
channel carrier circuit.
RADIO COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
Three installations, two large and one
small, comprise the primary radio communi-
cation facilities serving the Complex. The
large installations are Communication Area
"A", located five miles south of the Range
Head, and Communication Area "B", at the
Support Base. The small installation, Com-
munication Area "C", is also at the Support
Base, near the new water treatment facility
under construction. In total, these instal-
lations contain 14 completed rhombic antenna
arrays, eight probable rhombic. under con-
struction, two probable rhombic. under con-
struction or abandoned, four two-bay fishbone
antenna arrays, and at least 31 additional
masts, some of which &relying on the groimd.
Several of the arrays are oriented in the prob-
able primary direction of fire, while the
others appear oriented toward key areas of the
Soviet Union, At the time of photography,
considerable construction activity was evi-
dent at the two large installations. A
comparison of I !photography
shows that the rate of construction at Com-
munication Area "B" was unusually rapid.
For example, 92 new masts, representing
75 percent of the total number in the instal-
lation, were erected during that per-
iod.
COMMUNICATION AREA "A"
Communication Area "A", located near
the Range Head at 450 50' N/63? 18, E, is a
probable transmitting station and contains
four completed rhombic antenna arrays, at
least eight probable rhombic antenna arrays
under construction, two probable rhombics
G-893
under construction or abandoned, two linear
.tick-mast arrays, and four single masts,
three of which were still lying on the ground.
RANGE
HEAD
0I 2
NAUTICAL MIL ES
SUPPORT
BASE
1)
COMMUNICATION
AEA 'A"
VA
COMMUNICATION
AREA "C"
COMMUNICATION
AREA "B"
The fourteen rhombic arrays are double
rhombic., a type designed to reduce side lobes
and increase forward gain. In nearly every
case, excepting arrays I and 4, a larger
double rhombic has been paired with a smal-
ler double rhombic and, as a system, probably
work alternately to facilitate day and night
communications. In addition, rhombic arrays
5-8 comprise two large and two small double
rhombics placed side-by-side, which further
increases the efficiency of propagation.
The area covers approximately 225acres
and is partly enclosed by a perimeter clear-
ing, possibly a former fence line, measuring
2,970 by 2,680 feet. Photography of
i?i shows construction activity within
outside the perimeter clearing consisting
primarily of excavations and foundations
for the ten probable rhombic arrays. As
noted above, however, two of the arrays, No..
13 and 14, are either under construction or
have been partially constructed and then
abandoned. Moreover, the alignment of
array No. 14 overlaps completed array No.
1 and suggests that one or the other prob-
ably will be abandoned. Half of the com-
pleted rhombic. and half of those under con-
struction are oriented in the probable pri-
mary direction of fire and are probably used
to maintain contact with down range instru-
mentation facilities.
Communication Area "A" is served by
a secondary power line which leads from the
power substation in the Range Head. In
addition, a buried cable line (the probable
wire communication system discussed on
page 10) connects this area with key areas of
the Range Head.
Numerous buildings, structures, and
tents are evident in the area. The most im-
portant of these is a probable transmitter
building, 85 by 55 feet, situated in the south-
ern part of the area. From this building,
several unidentified ground scars radiate to
most of the completed antenna arrays.
Considerable activity is evident in the
area. Six trucks, probably used inconstruct-
ion work, are located in the southwest part,
near the entrance. Several stick masts lying
HTA/JR - 4/58
on the ground and several pieces of unidenti-
fied equipment, possibly including an excavat-
ing machine, are visible at various points
throughout the area. South of the probable
transmitter building, just outside the peri-
meter clearing, earth scars indicate that at
least 16 tents have been removed.
Structures: The following is a list of
structures identified in Communication Area
CIA"
(1) One two-story gable-roofed trans-
mitter building, with dormers, 85 by 55
feet (item a).
(2) Three probable buried tanks 30 feet
in diameter (item b).
(3) One single-story gable-roofed build-
ing, with dormers, 150 by 50 feet(item c).
(4) One single-story flat-roofed building
square (item d).
(5) One T-shaped bunker; cross 30 by 15
feet, stem 15 feet square (item e).
(6) One bunker 40 feet square (item f).
(7) One single-story gable-roofed build-
ing square (item g).
(8) One single-story hip-roofed security
building with a wing 15
feet square (item h).
(9) One single-story flat-roofed build-
ing I titem i).
Antennas: Communication Area "A"
contains the following antennas. Details of
rhombic arrays are given in table 2.
(1) Four completed rhombic antenna
arrays, each consisting of six stick
masts (items 1-4).
(2) Eight probable rhombic antenna ar-
rays under construction (items 5-12).
Two stick masts, 80 feet long, are
lying on the ground at the northwest
end of the major axis of array No.11.
(3) Two probable rhombic antenna ar-
rays, which are either under construct-
ion or have been partially constructed
and abandoned (items 13 and 14).
(4) One linear array of four stick masts
130 feet high and about 225 feet apart
(item 15). A perpendicular to the line
formed by these masts has an azimuth
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(5) One linear array of seven stick
masts 85 feet high and about 180 feet
apart (item 16). A perpendicular to the
line formed by these masts has an
azimuth of
(6) One stick mast and of
undetermined use (item 17).
(7) Three stick masts 80 feet long,
lying on the ground adjacent to founda-
tions (item 18).
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BURIED
CABLE LINE
-46-- TO RANGE HEAD
0-894
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PROBABLE RHOMBICS U/C
OR ABANDONED
0
COMMUNICATION AREA
PERIMETER CLEARING
2970x 2680'
?
so.--
0 0
18
80 0 ?
00
ROAD
\ EARTH SCAR /
\ //
\//
0 0 MI PROBABLE TRANSMITTER BLDG.
t4--80'
-- o
0 if?-.4?\.4. _ o
. ,,, _
so' f, \ \ -
1......
...... 6%0 ...,
\ \ .i -- --(? 0 \
0 o
00 ,2-I 1\
Q., 0 \--_
0 ,....,,.. ?,...?..v00 -- N,
0,
,d.s, \-6-4. ()
X \ ?
-... 1
\ \ 1 2 e \ \ Zi: -.6 0
\ 0 ....... X X 0
0' ()
\ ?..'?-* "s -- '?\ ... \ ?
0
o
?, 17 "-
PROBABLE RHOMBICS U/C
PROBABLE RHOMBICS
U/C
7
0 0
*0-9"41
rz.--
/0\r-- /
II II
/ / 5 I
r
o
/ -
I fr--
-- t_
i-r-r Hn. )1
ii 6 /
I ---- /I
o -
L.-
Ii-
LEGEND
? MAST
? MAST FOUNDATION
0 GUY-WIRE ANCHOR
?- EXCAVATION FOR GUY-WIRE ANCHOR
--? MAST LYING ON GROUND
- ? - BURIED CABLE
? WIRE PATTERN
--- PROJECTED WIRE PATTERN
FOR RHOMBICS U/C
PROBABLE RHOMBICS
U/C
500
/III ..... 111,-,/
II
1,
...- 1 /_
1 I / __ ,.... I I
-- , ---
- _ ...?. , o ...... ?, -- I I
-I
.... - --- 10 Y-
1.- --- 1-...... _ .--- I
-- I I
I 1 II
? 1 1.-- I 1 I 8 /
\ _ / / / i
/ I i
/ I
I i --. 1 1...v' ' II
..-.
- / / ,- ..- --- -
- --
500
FEET
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COMMUNICATION AREA "B"
Communication Area "B", which is
fenced and located in the southwest corner of
the Support Base at 45?38' N/63018 lE,mea-
sures 3,300 by 3,280 feet and contains num-
erous masts arranged in various , arrays,
two buildings, one of which is a probable
receiver building,and two possible tanks. In
addition, an associated probable communicat-
ion control center for the Complex is located
just to the north. As previously noted, Area
"B" contains a total of 123 masts arranged
in 10 rhombic antenna arrays, four two-bay
fishbone-type antenna arrays, two three-mast
antenna arrays, one four-mast antenna array,
and three single masts. Location of Com-
munication Area "B" at the Support Base,
coupled with the fact that it contains receiving-
type antennas, indicates that this is primarily
a receiving station.
The rapid rate of construction evident at
Communication Area "B" on comparative
photography of is indicative
of the apparent high priority placed on com-
pletion of these key communication facilities
within the Complex. For example, on
Communication Area "B" contained one
rhombic antenna array (item 7), one two-bay
fishbone-type antenna array (item A), six
masts of another two-bay fishbone-type an-
tenna array (item B), and one row of three
stick masts. By nine rhombic
antenna arrays, two fishbone-type antenna
arrays, one three-mast antenna array, one
four-mast antenna array, and three single
masts had been added. In addition, another
fishbone-type antenna array (item B), parti-
ally complete on the first overflight, was com-
pleted by Although the erection of
masts appears to have been completed, the
fact that 92 masts were erected in such a
short period suggests the probability that not
all antennas were operational at the time of
overflight.
Communication Area "B" is served by
an overhead power line which leads from the
main power plant under construction in the
Support Base. Although this line apparently
is not complete, other power sources, possi-
bly inciciing the Aralsk-Tashkent grid, serve
the area.
?
Structures and Antennas: Communication
Area "B" contains the following structures
and antennas. Details concerning the antennas
are given in table 3.
TOP SECRET
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
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25X1 (1) One single-story modified deck-
25X1 roofed probable receiver building
25X1 I Feed lines and unidenti-
25X1 fled ground scars can be traced from
this building to several of the antenna
25X1 arrays. In addition a possible buried
cable line leads northeastward for sev-
25X1 eral thousand feet, where its trace is
25X1 lost in an area of considerable ground
scar near the center of the Support
Base.
(2) One single-story gable-roofed pos-
25X1 sible security building
situated near the northern entrance.
(3) Two possible tanks located just
southwest of the possible security build-
ing.
(4) Ten completed rhombic antenna ar-
rays, each consisting of from four to six
stick masts (items 1-10).
(5) Four two-bay fishbone-type antenna
arrays, each consisting of 16 stick
masts arranged in a 5-3-3-5 pattern
(items A-D).
(6) One linear array of three stick
25X1 masts and 175 feet apart.
A perpendicular to the line formed
25X1 by these masts has an azimuth
25X1
(7) One linear array of three stick masts
25X1 100 feet high and 175 feet apart. A per-
pendicular to the line tormed by these
masts has an azimuth
12).
(8) One linear array of four stick-masts
(item
- and 175 feet apart. A per-
pendicular to the line formed by these
masts has an azimuth (item
13).
(9) One stick mast
item 14).
(10) Two stick masts
220 feet apart (item 15).
and
Probable Communication Control Cen-
ter: The probable communication control
center for the Complex is located approxi-
mately 1,200 feet north of Communication
Area "B" and is enclosed by a fence that
measures 470 by 320 feet. It contains six
buildings and several small unidentified
structures or objects. An overhead power line
connects this installation with Communication
Area "B" and the main power plant.
The probable communication control
center contains the following buildings and
objects.
(1) One two-story gable-roofed building
(item a).
(2) One single-story gable-roofed build-
ing (item b).
(3) One single-story building 20 feet
square (item c)
(4) One single-story building
feet (item d).
HTA/JR - 4/58
(5) One single-story building
feet (item e).
(6) One single-story gable-roofed build-
ing item f).
(7) Two
jects (item g).
(8) Several other small unidentified
structures or objects (not shown on
graphic).
circular ob-
PROBABLE COMMUNICATION
CONTROL CENTER 470,_1
rcHz
TO MAIN
POWER PLANT
OVERHEAD POWER LINE
la
Lig'b _I_
C d e
ow,
x 320'
LEGEND
? MAST
??? BURIED CABLE
WIRE PATTERN
- FEED LINES
?x? FENCE
?N--
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TOP SECRETH
5X1
TOP SECRET
COMMUNICATION AREA "C"
Communication Area "C", also located
in the Support Base, consists of three stick
25X1 masts and twobuildings surrounded by a fence
measuring 320 by 310 feet. Both buildings
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COMMUNICATION AREA "C"
75' MAST
.32X0, I
?
x 310'
X
75' MAST 35' x 25'
55' MAST
0 300
FEET
are single story. One has a gable roof and
measures 35 by 25 feet; the other is flat-
roofed and measures One
of the stick masts is 55 feet high and the
other two are 75 feet high. This area may
serve as a local communication facility.
WIRE COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
(LAND LINES)
Probable wire communication lines par-
allel the Aralsk/Tashkent railroad. As noted
in the discussion of the Support Base on page
22 two lines of poles parallel the railroad and
appear to have possible connections with other
lines in the Complex. One of these probably
carries the reported multichannel carrier
circuit as well as normal railroad communi-
cations. 1/
NOVOALNSK
-
sYR-DARYA
TYURA TA
DZHUSALY
HTA/JR - 4/58
POSSIBLE MICROWAVE RELAY
COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
A series of self-supporting lattice tow-
ers, spaced at intervals of 10 to 50 miles
apart along the railroad between Novo Kaz-
alinsk and Kzyl Orda, indicates a possible
microwave relay communication system.
Other towers within the Complex, such
as the tower described at Water Storage
Tank "A" and the one at Water Storage
Tank Area "B", may function as part of this
system. The diagram below shows the areal
relationship of those possible microwave
relay towers which have been identified in
and near the Complex.
SITE
TYPE
LATITUDE (N)
(DEG) (MIN)
LONGITUDE (E)
(DEG) (MIN)
1
SELF?SUPPORTING LATTICE TOWER,
295 'h. WITH RADOME ON TOP
44
02
66
17
2
POSSIBLE TOWER, 205' h.
44
52
65
33
3
PROBABLE COMMUNICATION STATION
45
27
64
05
WITH TOWERS
4
SELF?SUPPORTING LATTICE TOWER,
80 ' h.
45
40
63
43
5
SELF?SUPPORTING LATTICE TOWER,
80' h.
45
,
54
63
18
6
SELF?SUPPORTING LATTICE TOWER,
80' h.
45
50
63
18
7
SELF?SUPPORTING LATTICE TOWER,
80' h.
45
42
63
02
8
SELF?SUPPORTING LATTICE TOWER,
75 'h.
45
45
62
56
9
SELF?SUPPORTING LATTICE TOWER,
65'h.
45
48
62
08
10
SELF?SUPPORTING LATTICE TOWER,
70 'h.
45
56
62
04
LATTICE TOWER
-- -POSS. MICROWAVE LINK
RAILROAD
G-896
NAUTICAL MILES
KZYL-ORDA
Sites 1, 2, and 3 were selected as being
possibly related to the system discussed
above because of their location and the
configuration of certain towers which could
support microwave equipment. It should
be noted, however, that Sites 1 and 3 may
have other and possibly more important
missions. For example, Site 1 is a com-
plex installation containing a blimp and
several fenc?areas. in addiqon to the high
tower with a dome on top.
Moreover, the co iguration o certain struc-
tures, evidence of security, and the location
with reference to Tyura Tam, suggest that
it may function primarily as an instrumen-
tation site.
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TOP SECRET
5X1
TOP SECRET
9flN1JRAN
Guidance and instrumentation' facilities
found in the Tyura Tam Missile Test Range
represent one of the largest and most sG-
phisticated networks of missile-related elec-
tronic activities yet seen on photography.
Literally hundreds of items, including masts,
associated buildings, and other structures of
electronic significance have been identified.
Numerous ground patterns, rhombic orien-
tations, and communication lines have been
plotted, probable guidance facilities have been
identified, and the probable orientation of the
Tyura Tam Missile Test Range has been
determined. It should be understood, how-
ever, that in spite of good quality photography,
scale and resolution are factors which se-
riously limit the capability of identifying many
specific items of electronic equipment.
Range instrumentation facilities in the
vicinity of Tyura Tam are covered by photog-
raphy for a distance of approximately 70
miles north and northeast of Launch Area
? The term "instrumentation", as used
herein, refers to that equipment primarily
involved in systems for the collection or
structural and functional data of vehicles
in flight.
511? 600 61?
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NISSM
"A". Moreover, instrumentation facilities
in and south of the Range Head are covered
by excellent quality photography. In addition,
an unidentified ground pattern, possibly re-
lated to missile instrumentation is located
north of the town of Kzyl-Orda in an area 140
miles east of Launch Area "A". Analysis
of the location, arrangement, configuration,
and geometry of these numerous facilities
suggests at least two possible directions of
fire from Tyura Tam:
(1) Probable primary direction of fire to
the northeast (400).
(2) Possible alternate direction of fire to
the east (900).
The direction of fire toward the northeast
(40?) is considered to be the probable primary
direction of fire, and therefore the probable
alignment of the Tyura Tam Missile Test
Range, because the largest down-range in-
strumentation stations appear to be arranged
geometrically with reference to this direc-
tion. Moreover, the Instrumentation Control
Center, the Interferometer-Type Instrtunen-
tation Site, and the probable collimation
towers at Launch Area "A" appear to be
650 640
located primarily with reference to this
direction of fire. In addition, a projection
of a 400 azimuth from Tyura Tam' passes
through missile instrumentation facilities
located on the Kamchatka Peninsula some
3,400 miles to the northeast. These facilities
are similar to and in some instances identical
to those found at Tyura Tam, and probably
constitute a portion of the terminal range
instrumentation facilities for the Tyura Tam
Missile Test Range. 5/
? An extension of the 40 -degree azimuth along
a great circle path from Tyura Tam would
pass through the following geographic refer-
ence points at specified intervals of 500
nautical miles.
Distance from
Tyura Tam (nm)
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
65?
Reference
Latitude
Point
Longitude
52?
00'
72?001
57?
151
83?
13'
61?
121
97?
37'
63?
15'
115?
09
62 ?
54'
133?02'
60?
27'
150?
06'
56?
10'
164?
00'
50?
42'
174?
34'
660
25
674
0
HTA/JR - 4/58
The possible alternate direction of fire
to the east is indicated by the fact that Launch
Area "A" and the rail line which serves it
are oriented to the east. In addition, a pos-
sible collimation tower and a major instru-
mentation site appear to be colinear along
a west/east line with the servicing Dower at
Launch Area "A". The large unidentified
ground pattern located 140 miles east of
Launch Area "A" may also be located with
reference to this direction of fire. It is
possible that this direction of fire, which
would take advantage of earth rotation, may
be used in conjunction with the launching of
space or satellite vehicles.
The facing map of the world, which has
been drawn on an azimuthal equidistant pro-
jection, is centered on Tyura Tam and may
be used to project the two possible firing
directions established on the basis of photog-
raphy. Moreover, this map may also be
used to project other possible directions of
fire from Tyura Tam and to determine the
range and azimuth of various points on the
earth from Tyura Tam. For example, it
is apparent that points in continental United
States, exclusive of Alaska, are located
4,700 to 6,500 miles from Tyura Tam and
lie between the azimuths of
680
25
50
NAUTICAL MILES
69.
75
100
70?
PROBABLE PRIMARY DIRECTION
OF FIRE TO THE NORTHEAST
TYURA TAM
Ull GROUND PATTERN, EX
ONLY PARTIALLY COVERED B
G-897
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KZYL?ORDA
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TOP SECRET-1
5X1
r
fl
TOP SECRET.
G-898
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?FUNk/JR - 4/58
27030
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This chart is an the azimuthal equistuarni
wilit its nsethenws6cal ?Mtn' et *6?N, 62?E.
pivuc-
Th, distance circles and azimuths are plotted From
*5?20'N, 63?20T. The :nor resulting keno the
Lb:Ace/nen* hem the renter is not appreciable et
the scale of the &IA
TOP SECRE-
25X1
25X1
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TOP SECRET-1
GUIDANCE AND
INSTRUMENTATION FACILITIES
GUIDANCE FACILITIES
Photography reveals that the Soviets
are possibly using an inertial-type guidance
system at Launch Area "A", and that they also
possibly employ a radio-command guidance
system, with facilities in the Range Head
and immediate down range area. Positive
identification, however, of specific compon-
25X1 ents or sites associated with either system
is difficult because of the limitations of the
photography. Since external features as-
sociated with an all-inertial guidance system
would be few and relatively inconspicuous,
and since a radio-command guidance system
used at a missile test range would probably
employ fixed rather than mobile installations,
it is difficult on photography of this scale to
distinguish between such facilities and con-
ventional range instrumentation sites. It
is possible only to describe in detail certain
installations that indicate with varying de-
grees of certainty the existence of the two
guidance systems.
Evidence of an Inertial Guidance System:
The two probable collimation towers on the
launching platform indicate that an inertial-
type guidance system is possibly used at
Launch Area "A". Whether it is an all-
inertial-type or is radio assisted cannot be
determined from the photography.
The two probable collimation towers
(page 13) located at the northeast and south-
west corners of the launching platform, are
110 feet high, with an array on top which
measures at least five feet wide and 10 feet
high. The height of these towers, which may
indicate the height of an inertial guidance
component within an erect missile, suggests
a single or multistage vehicle of consider-
able length. Each tower is positioned approxi-
mately 95 feet from the center of the servicing
tower. The mounting of the northeast tower
is of note because of the lip which is con-
structed out over the pit so as to establish
a precise linear relationship between the
servicing tower and the probable collimation
towers. The orientation of these two probable
collimation towers is colinear with the ser-
vicing tower and the Interferometer-Type
Instrumentation Site located 4,780 feet south-
west of the launching platform. This orienta-
tion is on an azimuth of which is
consistent with the probable primary direc-
tion of fire toward the northeast.
LAUNCH AREA "A" PLATFORM
SERVICING
TOWER
r\c/C3(
B
ORIENTATION "" COLLIMATION
FROM NORTH
TOWERS
INTERFEROMETER-TYPE
INSTRUMENTATION SITE
DISTANCE
AB =190'
EIC 95
CD. 4,7130'
A
A possible third collimation tower (page
14, item I) is located 400 feet west of the
servicing tower. It is 60 feet high and has
an object on top which might be an array
measuring about five feet wide and 10 feet
high. This tower is approximately colinear
with the launching platform and an electronic
installation (page 37, item 1) located 15,050
feet west of the launching platform. This
west/east relationship of facilities, coupled
with the approximately west/east alignment of
Launch Area "A" and the rail line leading to
the launching platform, suggests a possible
alternate direction of fire to the east.
Evidence of a Radio Guidance System:
As has already been pointed out, a radio
guidance system would probably employ fixed
installations which could consist of three
separate radars positioned on long baselines .
In this regard, an examination of electronic
facilities at the Range Head and in the im-
mediate down range area reveals three sites
which might include components of a fixed
guidance system. One such site containing a
radar could be located within the Instrumenta-
tion Control Center in the Range Head, while
the other two radars could be positioned at
two large instrumentation sites in the down
range area. One of the latter possibilities
is Site 28 (page 40), located about 60 miles
north of the Instrumentation Control Center,
and the other is Site 29, located 68 miles
east-northeast of the Instrumentation Control
Center.
If missiles fired from Launch Area
"A" utilized a radio guidance system em-
ploying radars situated at these three sug-
gested points, the approximate direction
of fire probably would be along the bisector
of angle BAC, which has an azimuth of
along the probable primary direction of fire.
A LAUNCH AREA
(INSTRUMENTATION CONTROL CENTER) G-899A
INSTRUMENTATION FACILITIES
Instrumentation facilities comprising the
Tyura Tam Missile Test Range can be grouped
in three major categories: range head, down
range, and probable terminal range facilities.
Range head facilities are those located within
five miles of Launch Area "A" and consist
of an Instrumentation Control Center, an
Interferometer-Type Instrumentation Site,
and at least 13 other instrumentation sites.
Down range facilities are covered by photog-
raphy up to 70 miles from the Range Head
and, including an area south of the Range
Head, can be grouped in approximately 30
instrumentation sites. Probable terminal
range instrumentation facilities have been
identified in the Uka/Yelovka area of the
Kamchatka Peninsula some 3,400 miles to
the northeast. These missile instrumenta-
tion facilities are found at five isolated
installations whose configuration and position
suggest a relationship with Tyura Tam.
Because of difficulties inherent in any
attempt to identify and interpret instrumenta-
tion sites or equipment on photography of this
scale, the description and analysis presented
herein are based on assumptions concerning
the types of instrumentation which should be
expected at an installation of this type. The
method used is to attempt to correlate the
location, orientation, and general pattern of
possible instrumentation sites imaged on the
photography with those expected. This anal-
ysis is complicated by the fact that some of the
sites may also be used in conjunction with
the Kapustin Yar Missile Test Range.
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HTA/JR - 4/58
RANGE HEAD
INSTRUMEN-
TATION
At least 15 instrumentation sites, in-
cluding the Instrumentation Control Center
and the Interferometer-Type Instrumentation
Site, are located within the Range Head. The
pattern and arrangement of these sites is con-
sistent with that of an instrumentation layout
designed to provide both optical and electronic
coverage of the launching and powered flight
phases of a missile firing. The size, shape,
and orientation of facilities vary considerably
between sites, indicating that there are
several types of instrumentation in the area.
Possible types of equipment include high-
speed cameras covering the powered flight
phase, electronic velocity measurement de-
vices, and telemetry receivers. The following
is a tabulation of the range head instrumenta-
tion sites, exclusive of the Instrumentation
Control Center and the Interferometer-Type
Instrumentation Site which are discussed in
detail after the tabulation. Numbers used
to identify the following items correspond to
the numbered insets on the facing graphic.
(1) Major instrumentation site consisting
of two buildings, one bunker, three 30-
foot masts, and several unidentified
objects. This site, which is located
15,050 feet west of the launching plat-
form, appears to be colinear with the
servicing tower and the possible col-
limation tower (page 14, item I) in
Launch Area "A". Buried cable lines,
appear to connect this site with other
key areas of the Range Head.
(2) Six camera stations located within
450 feet of the launching platform (see
also pages 12 and 14).
(3) Instrumentation site consisting of one
pit, two mounds, and three unidentified
objects.
(4) Instrumentation site consisting of one
circular object
two mounds, and one uniden-
tified object
(5) Possible instrumentation site con-
sisting of one possible building
feet, and two unidentified objects 5 feet
in diameter. Buried cable lines appear
TOP SECRETH
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
TOP SECRET
to connect this site with facilities near
the center of the Range Head.
(6) Possible mast with counterpoise.
(7) Instrumentation site consisting of
one large mound and three unidentified
objects which are probably instruments.
(8) Instrumentation site consisting of one
probable building and three unidentified
objects.
(9) Instrumentation site consisting of one
25X1 object, possibly a van,
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
(10) Unidentified fenced installation
characterized by construction activity,
several unidentified structures, and at
least three large possible semiburied
bunkers under construction. A linear
relationship appears to exist between this
installation and the Interferometer-Type
Instrumentation Site.
(11) Unidentified fenced area containing
possible instrument positions which are
apparently in a straight line. A per-
pendicular bisector of this line appears
to intersect the launching platform.
(12) Instrumentation site consisting of
one circular-shaped object, which is a
possible instrument 10 feet in diameter
(13) Possible instrumentation site char-
acterized by two pits which are possible
instrument positions.
Unidentified lines of parallel earth scars
appear to enclose the Range Head (see facing
graphic) and pass near several of the sites
described above (Sites 3, 5, 9, and 12).
Although the purpose of these earth scars
cannot be determined, they possibly serve one
25X1 or both of the following missions: (1) a perim-
eter net of cable lines carrying power and/
or communications, or (2) a perimeter patrol
or access road.
25X1
G-900
LEGEND
ROAD
-I?I- RAILROAD
VEHICLE TRACK
? ? ? CABLE SCAR
EARTH SCAR
-x ?x- FENCE
500
2. CAMERA STATIONS
LAUNCH AREA HA"
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3. INSTRUMENTATION
SITE
U/I
OBJECTS
MOUND 101x 10'
4. INSTRUMENTATION
SITE
OBJECT
CAMERA STATIONS
CIRCULAR
POSSIBLE
BLDG.
HTA/JR - 4/58
5. POSSIBLE
INSTRUMENTATION
SITE
MOUND
BUNKER
OBJECTS I d x io
-we
.
"OBJECT
II 101x 10'
.1?AMPS -
\T1OJINNDGER
NJ
' BLDG. Iv
\\\
6.
POSSIBLE MAST
WITH
COUNTERPOISE
I. MAJOR INSTRUMENTATION SITE
7.
INSTRUMENTATION
SITE
I NTERFEROMETER-TYPE
INSTRUMENTATION SITE
LINES OF PARALLEL
EARTH SCARS
8.
INSTRUMENTATION
SITE
OBJECT
PROS Al CM
OBJECT
OBJECT
PIT 25'x 10
13. POSSIBLE
INSTRUMENTAT ION
SITE
1000
FEET
SCALE FOR ENLARGED INSERTS ONLY
12. INSTRUMENTATION SITE
I I. UNIDENTIFIED
FENCED AREA
-37-
1 1' ?
OBJECT
1:11:7
)
:545:
:to
9. INSTRUMENTATION
SITE
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500
EET
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25X1
MX1
H*1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
2?x1
3g3i1
25X1
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INSTRUMENTATION CONTROL CENTER
The Instrumentation Control Center,lo-
cated approximately 4,680 feet southwest of
the launching platform, consists of five
major buildings, one probable bunker, several
instruments, and miscellaneous objects, all
within a fenced rectangular area measuring
Cables connect this instal-
lation with the nearby Interferometer-Type
Instrumentation Site, as well as with Launch
Area "A", down range instrumentation sites,
a point near the power substation, and the
Vehicle Park. A description of the more
important components in the Instrumentation
Control Center follows:
(1) One large, flat-roofed, T-shaped
BURIED CABLE TO
VEHICLE PARK
G-901
???.???1?? ?
Mia' x ib'
DEPRESSION
a 5
?
i ?
'I.
I I
I BURIED CABLE TO
III SUB STATION
II.
II
II
II
II
II
II
.?J1J
? u/i OBJECT I I 0 icv DIA.
"
II PROBABLE
MOUNDED TANK" HEADQUARTERS BLDG.
30' DIA.
II
instrumentation building oriented toward
the launching platform. This building,
which measures
feet high, has a raised center wing I?I
The center
wing has a flat observation-type roof
surrounded by a narrow wall. On the
roof are several probable instruments.
Cables appear to connect this building
with the probable headquarters building,
the Interferometer-Type Instrumenta-
tion Site, and Launch Area "A". In
addition, two other cables lead downward
from the top of the center wing and inter-
sect the ground near the fence line.
? U/1 OBJECT
GENERATOR BUILDING1 1
0 I
? II I
, I
I MOUNDED TANK
POSSIBLE ? 30' DIA.
II CABLE ----I.'
I I ?
---
POSSIBLE
STICK MASTS
= - L
I'
DIA. 20'
U/I
OBJECT
ruunhia,
U/I OBJECTS
BURIED CABLE TO
DOWN RANGE SITE
X
U/I OBJECTS
100
INSTRUMENTATION
BLDG.
BUNKER
101
(2) One gable-roofed probable head-
quarters building,
feet high.
(3) One building, and 20
feet high. A dome, 20 feet in diameter and
libove ground level, is emplaced
on the roof on the end facing the launch-
ing platform. This dome may be either
a radome or a protective cover for a
tracking telescope.
(4) One flat-roofed possible generator
building, high.
(5) One building, probably flat-roofed,
high.
HTA/JR - 4/58
vents.
(7) Two probable mounded tanks, 30
feet in diameter.
(8) One building,10 feet square.
(9) One probable building,
located in the south corner of the fenced
enclosure. A possible instrument is
adjacent to the building.
(10) Two cylindrical-shaped raised
structures 10 feet in diameter and
feet high. These structures are located
adjacent to the fence facing Launch Area
"A" and probably contain instruments.
(11) Several unidentified objects, struc-
tures, and masts.
BUNKER
---- ?
-PROBABLE BUNKER
BURIED CABLE TO
LAUNCH AREA "A"
100
200 300 400
FEET
$ ??????1? ......???? ?
CIRCUMFERENTIAL
EARTH SCAR
.4-DIRT ROAD
?
? ? ?
?
? ? ? ?
?
BURIED CABLE
LINES
500
- 3 8 -
?
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UNKER
*Al"?
? RADOME
LAUNCHING PLATFORM
RA DO IA ES
?
?
?
?
?
?
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25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
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25X1
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INTERFEROMETER-TYPE INSTRUMENTATION SITE
The Interferometer-Type Instrumenta-
25X1 tion Site, located 1,140 feet west-northwest of
the Instrumentation Control Center, contains
25X1 six radomes positioned in a "plus" configura-
25X1 tion within a cleared circular area
in diameter*. The cleared area is surrounded
by a circumferential earth scar varying be-
25X1 tween a trench and a mound, and possibly
formed when the area within was graded
to make what appears to be a level earth
25X1 platform. The function of the trench/mound
may be to restrict vehicle traffic across the
graded area.
25X1 The radomes are approximately
25X1 feet in diameter and are connected by buried
cables. One radome is located at the end
25X1
of each of the four legs of the "plus" con-
figuration, at a point from the center.
In addition, there is another radome located
approximately in from the ends of the
northwest and southwest legs . A line
bisecting the angle formed by the two legs
with only one radome at the end extends along
an azimuth of and a line projected
from the center of the "plus" configuration
through the center of the launching platform
has an azimuth of . Whereas the
former azimuth has no apparent significance,
the latter is consistent with the probable
primary direction of fire to the northeast.
This site is probably an instrumentation
rather than a guidance facility for the fol-
lowing reasons:
(1) The baseline distance of be-
tween the radomes is probably too short
for a large ballistic missile guidance
(2) No special security measures are
evident. If this were a guidance facility,
and therefore a critical component of a
missile system, elaborate provisions for
security might be expected.
(3) The azimuth of the bisector of the
HTA/JR - 4/58
angle formed by the two legs with single
radomes at the ends ) does not appear
to have any relationship to the probable
primary direction of fire (40?). It is
possible, therefore, that this interfer-
ometer-type instrumentation facility is
used primarily to provide trajectory data
and flight safety information and is
oriented so as to optimize resolution with
respect to a "cone of safety" rather
than along the direction of fire.
(4) Finally, one and possibly two nearly
identical configurations, probably ter-
minal range instrumentation facilities
for the Tyura Tam Missile Test Range,
have been identified on the Kamchatka
Peninsula. Moreover, the fact that no
missile launching sites are evident in the
vicinity of these Kamchatka facilities,
coupled with the fact that their location
and configuration suggest a relationship
with the Tyura Tam Missile Test Range,
indicates that they are instrumentation
facilities.
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25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
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U/I OBJECTS
27
?
5 POSSIBLE
INSTRUMENTS
26
?
2 POSSIBLE RADARS
AND U/I OBJECTS BUILDINGS
U/I INSTALLATIONS 2 22
63
\1?14(
?
17 19
16
BUILDINGS, DOME-SHAPED
STRUCTURE & U/I OBJECTS
21
?
28
DOWN RANGE
INSTRUMENTATION
CENTER
BUILDINGS
25
?
FENCED AREA
WITH BLDGS.
? 20 POSSIBLE RADAR
? AND TOWER
24
BUILDING
4I 14116
14 U/I OBJECTS
BUILDINGS AND
U/I OBJECTS
BUILDINGS AND
U/I OBJECTS
LAUNCH AREA "A"
FOR RANGE HEAD
INSTRUMENTATION
SEE PAGE 37
BUILDING
13 0112
FENCED?AREA WITH ?
ASSOCIATED TOWERS 7
LATTICE TOWER
?
2
PROBABLE BURIED CABLE
11
PROBABLE VEHICLES
BUILDINGS ?
.4
?
9
?
8\
BUILDINGS
3
5
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APPRoximare Limir OF-
USAEILZ
TO COVeRAGE"
APPROX/MAT LI
PHOTO Z MIT OF
usarke COVENG
HTA/JR - 4/58
DOWN RANGE INSTRUMENTATION
Approximately 30 instrumentation sites
have been identified in the down range area
and in the area south of the Range Head*. An
* In -addition to down range facilities def-
initely associated with the Tyura Tam Missile
Test Range, there is an unidentified and
unigue ground pattern in the vicinity of
45 30 N/66? 401 E (page 34) which is
possibly related to missile testing activities
at either Tyura Tam or Kapustin Yar. It
is located 140 miles east of the Tyura Tam
Range Head on an azimuth of, and
850 miles east of the Kapustin at inching
Complex on an azimuth of 950. The pattern
is characterized by at least 17 rows of pos-
sible cable scars arranged in parallel lines,
?
10
POSSIBLE RADAR
G-903
SYR DAR.IY.A. .
SITE 1 LOCATED OFF MAP
5
10
15
intricate network of buried cable lines, roads,
and trails leads between these sites and con-
nects with key areas of the Range Head.
approximately two miles apart. At intervals
of 2.25 miles, ground scars forming "plus"
configurations are located along each of the
possible cable scars. The aNuIar relation-
ship between the "plus" configurations and
the possible cable scars is a constant
Each leg of the "plus" configurations
measures approximately 1,750 tet. No
associated buildings or objects are evident
in this desert area. A detailed description
of this ground pattern is given in HTA/
JM-19-58.
I I
DOWN RANGE
INSTRUMENTATION
CENTER
29
?
30
INSTRUMENTATION SITE
SITE
NO.
DISTANCE*
LATITUDE (N)
(DEG) (MIN)
LONGITUDE (E)
(DEG) (MIN)
N. MILES
METERS
1
25.7
47,600
45 29
63 15
2
17.3
32,008
45 42
63 02
3
9.6
17,749
45 45
63 19
4
10.6
19,630
45 44
63 16
5
12.1
22,407
45 45
63 27
6
9.2
17,108
45 46
63 23
7
8.1
15,002
45 47
63 14
8
5.9
10,867
45 49
63 20
9
5.7
10,524
45 51
63 23
10
13.1
24,195
45 52
63 36
11
10.7
19,834
45 57
63 33
12
4.8
8,908
46 00
63 17
13
3.9
7,248
45 59
63 16
14
17.0
31,452
46 07
63 01
15
15.5
28,763
46 08
63 05
16
19.2
35,552
46 12
63 05
17
22.5
41,202
46 12
62 58
18
22.2
40,840
46 13
62 59
19
21.9
40,524
46 12
63 00
20
18.9
35,024
46 14
63 16
21
19.4
36,010
46 14
63 12
22
19.7
36,551
46 15
63 15
23
20.4
37,760
46 15
63 11
24
18.2
33,618
46 13
63 16
25
25.0
46,497
46 19
63 29
26
34.3
63,601
46 29
63 13
27
42.3
78,426
46 37
63 12
28
60.3
111,749
46 55
63 25
29
67.9
125,803
46 20
64 48
30
68.0
125,954
46 20
64 48
* DISTANCES AND AZIMUTHS ARE COMPUTED FROM LAUNCH AREA "A"
20
25
NAUTICAL MILES
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Sites 1 through 9 are located south of the
Range Head, and for discussion purposes are
included in this section. Sites 10, 11,29, and
30 are located east and east-northeast of the
Range Head. The remainder, Sites 12 through
28, are located north and northwest of Launch
Area "A". The two largest and apparently
most significant, Sites 28 and 29, are prob-
ably major down range instrumentation cen-
ters. They are nearly equal in size and ap-
pear to be geometrically located with refer-
ence to the probable primary direction of fire
to the northeast. It has already been pointed
out that a line bisecting the angle formed by
the Instrumentation Control Center and Sites
28 and 29 is oriented on an azimuth of
and indicates the probable direction of the
Missile Test Range. Sites 28 and 29 are
discussed in the guidance section, page 36,
as possible components of a long-baseline
radio-command guidance system. If these
sites were major components of a triangular
guidance system some similarity in struc-
tures should be expected, but none is ap-
parent. It is believed, therefore, that they
are primarily or exclusively instrumenta-
tion sites. Moreover, they are large enough
to accommodate a wide variety of instrumen-
tation equipment, and to house and support
operating personnel. Their location is appro-
priate for telemetry, radio, and optical
instrumentation for large ballistic missiles
fired from Launch Area "A".
The following is a tabulation of the smal-
ler instrumentation sites located down range
and south of the Range Head. The two large
ones, Sites 28 and 29, coupled with an unusual
pattern of earth scars, Site 30, are considered
to be the most important down range facilities
and are discussed in detail following the tab-
ulation. Item numbers below correspond to
site numbers on the facing graphic.
(1) Three probable buildings and three
unidentified objects, located 25.7 miles
south of the launching platform (not
shown on facing graphic).
(2) Lattice tower, 85 feet high.
(3) One small building.
(4) Two small buildings.
(5) Two small probable buildings.
(6) One small building.
(7) Irregularly-shaped fenced area en-
closing one small building and one small
unidentified object. Approximately 2,550
feet south of this site is an area con-
taining a lattice tower and two possible
observation towers.
(8) Two small buildings, 1,800 feet apart.
(9) One small building.
(10) One possible radar and three small
unidentified objects.
(11) Two probable vehicles located along
a cable line extending from the Instru-
mentation Control Center. Although the
terminus of this line is not covered by
photography, it is possibly similar to Site
22.
(12) One small building.
(13) Three small buildings and two small
unidentified objects.
(14) Four possible buildings, two small
unidentified objects, and one small cross-
shaped unidentified object.
(15) Three unidentified objects.
(16) Two large buildings, three probable
smaller buildings, one dome-shaped
structure, and two small unidentified ob-
j ects .
(17) Installation containing four probable
buildings.
(18) Installation
able buildings.
(19) Installation
able buildings.
(20) A possible radar
tower, along with one
a small earth mound,
unidentified objects.
(21) Two possible radars, a smallbuild-
ing, and two small unidentified objects.
(22) A fenced area, probably one of the
more significant instrumentation sites.
It measures 435 by 325 feet and encloses
onel
building with a pos-
sible antenna on the roof,
foot building, one earth-covered bunker
approximately 35 by 30 feet, three ve-
hicles, and two unidentified objects. A
probable instrument is located 435 feet
northwest of the enclosure. A buried
cable line connects the fenced area with
the Instrumentation Control Center in
the Range Head. It should be noted that
a similar buried cable line leads by the
probable vehicles at Site 11, and a
bisector of the angle formedby these two
cable lines approximates the probable
primary direction of fire to the northeast.
(23) At least six small probable buildings .
(24) One small building.
(25) Four small buildings.
(26) Five possible instruments, each pos-
sibly with associated generators, and
numerous vehicles.
(27) Five small unidentified objects.
containing three prob-
containing three prob-
and associated
small building,
and two small
SITE 28
A major down range instrumentation
center is located approximately 60 miles
north of Launch Area "A". It is situated
within a fenced enclosure which measures
and contains 17 buildings of
various sizes. The most significant struc-
tures within the enclosure are two domes
(items 20 and 21), which are placed either
on the roofs of buildings or on structural
supports. The height of these domes, includ-
ing the buildings or supports, is 60 feet. In
addition, another structure with a possible
dome on the roof (item 4) is situated in the
northern section of the fenced enclosure. The
enclosure also contains several unidentified
objects which are probably instruments.
Located about 1,000 feet north of the
center, at the terminus of a short dirt road,
is an associated instrumentation station con-
sisting of a building (item 25) with a possible
dome on the roof. Adjacent to it are four
probable instruments which are apparently
arranged in a semicircle. More than 2,000
feet north-northwest of the center are two
isolated instruments (not shown on graphic),
each at the terminus of a dirt road. A natural-
surface landing strip, which is situated sev-
eral hundred feet east of the center, measures
approximately 740 by 100 feet.
The following is a tabulation of structures
found at Site 28. Item numbers correspond
to those on the accompanying graphic.
(1) Unidentified object.
(2) Unidentified object.
INSTRUMENTATION
?? ? STATION
11
11
HTA/JR - 4/58
(3) Gable-roofed building,
(4) Probable building,
with possible dome on roof.
(5) Gable-roofed revetted building, -
(6) Gable-roofed building,
(7) Gable-roofed building,
(8) Shed-roofed building,
(9) Gable-roofed building
pvith mast on roof.
(10) Building or bunker,
(11) Gable-roofed building
(12) Gable-roofed building
(13) Gable-roofed building
(14)Gable-roofedbuilding
(15) Gable-roofed building, 40 by 30
feet and
(16) Shed-roofed building, I it
(17) Gable-roofed building,
(18) Mastill--1
(19) Unidentified object.
(20) Building with dome on roof, total
height 60 feet.
(21) Building with dome on roof, total
height 60 feet.
(22) Instrument, 15 feet in diameter.
(23) Possible instrumentation for range
or airfield.
(24) Landing strip, approximately 740 by
100 feet.
(25) Building with possible dome on roof.
(26) Probable instruments.
500 0 500 1000
FEET
/'??\
/
?
/
-AV INSTRUMENTATION CEPPI>ER?z.,.. ///' \ \
G-904
\
LANDING STRIP
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SITES 29 AND 30
25X1 Sites 29 and 30, less than a mile apart,
are situated approximately 68 miles east-
northeast of Launch Area "A". Site 29
consists of two fenced enclosures and several
unfenced buildings with associated instru-
25X1 ments. Site 30 consists of several linear
earth scars, two of which form an X-like
configuration. A network of roads and trails
connects the two sites.
The larger of the two enclosures at Site
25X1 29 measures feet over-all. It
contains several buildings, one building or
bunker, and a number of unidentified objects.
25X1 The smaller enclosure, which measures
25X1 has seven unidentified objects.
25X1 Outside the fenced enclosures, and grouped
25X1 together, are two identical buildings or
25X1 possible dome-covered truments and three
possible instruments,
meter.
Site 30 is situated 2,800 feet south-south-
east of Site 29. It is possible only to deter-
mine that the pattern of earth scars evident
at Site 30 consists primarily of two X-
shaped legs, at the ends of which there are
very small cleared areas. The west-north-
25X1 west/east-southeast leg measures
45 feet, and the west-southwest/east-north-
25X1 east leg measures , The west-
southwest/east-northeast leg of the config-
uration has an azimuth of 700/2500 This
25X1 azimuth compares favorably with the
azimuth of the Interferometer-Type Instru-
mentation Site in the Range Head (page 38).
Other less prominent earth scars are also
evident in the area.
Eighteen hundred feet northeast of the
X-1ike configuration, and approximately in
line with the orientation of the west-south-
west/east-northeast leg, are two possible
vehicles with instruments and five unidenti-
25X1 fied objects, two of which measure
square (not shown on graphic).
The following is a tabulation of struc-
tures found at Site 29. Item numbers corres-
pond to those on the accompanying graphic.
25X1 (1) Unidentified object,
(2) Building or bunker,
(3) Unidentified object,
(4) Gable-roofed buildin
and 20 feet high.
(5) Gable-roofed buildi
and 20 feet high.
(6) Unidentified object,
MA1
25X1
G-905
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
(7) Unidentified object, ,
(8) Unidentified object,
(9) Gable-roofed building,
(10) Unidentified object,
and 15 feet high.
(11) Building,
(12) Building,
(13) Building,
16.
?
(14) Building,
(15) Seven unidentified objects,
inside the smaller fenced
enclosure.
(16) Possible instrument,
meter.
(17) Possible instrument,
meter.
SITE 29
....f.
.?-
--
__-
_---
-, -- J I
..... .. ,
..
.....----
.. .- ,..- 11
.., --::----- --/ /
...-
- _ ?_. ----
--- ---
/ I
--..... ?...-
----
----- -.... .
--------.. -..... . 1
--- _..-
II
II
I/
I/
II
I/
Ij
ii
I/
1/
ft
/11
I/
I/
II
II
//
/
\ /
'I
I!
II
II
I I
II
I I
1 1
I I
II
II \\N
ii
,
\:.?\
HTA/J11 - 4/58
(18) Possible instrument,
meter.
(19) Building or possible dome,
(20) Building or possible dome,
?????
\?`
AZ. 70V250?
\11,
-*** 11
?????"
\\\\, SITE 30
45'
\\
1500
300
AZ. l00?/250?
II
II 45'
I i
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-"*".
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500
0
500
1000
FEET
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25X1
25X1
25X1
MA1
25X1
25X1
@?41
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25X1
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PROBABLE TERMINAL RANGE INSTRUMENTATION
The five sites identified in the Uka/
Yelovka Area of the Kamchatka Peninsula
probably constitute a portion* of the ter-
minal range instrumentation for the Tyura
Tam Missile Test Range. The sites are
located some 3,400 miles from Tyura Tam
in relatively isolated and in some instances
It should be noted that only a small area
of the Kamchatka Peninsula has been covered
by photography. An evaluation of the number,
location, and significance of these five
instrumentation sites should, therefore, take
this fact into consideration.
inacessible areas. Two are in the mountain-
ous and heavily forested area northeast of
Yelovka. Three are situated along the Bering
Sea coast, and if indeed associated with the
Tyura Tam Missile Test Range suggest a
possible continuation of this Range beyond the
Soviet land mass. In this connection, it is
significant to note that a missile fired from
Tyura Tam in the probable primary direction
of fire on a trajectory having an azimuth of
400 would pass over the Uka/Yelovka area on
"
163
164
HTA/JR - 4/58
OF OKHOTSK
8
...
tO 0 - 10 20 30 40 30
G-906
156 160 164
159
160
- 43 -
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163
164
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25X1
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TOP SECRET H
INSTRUMENTATION SITE 'A'
Instrumentation Site "A" is located at
57?51' N/162 ?05 ' E, on the coast of the Bering
Sea eight miles northwest of Uka. It consists
of an interferometer-type instrumentation
site, a fenced instrumentation and support
area, and a small fenced communication area.
The interferometer-type instrumenta-
tion site is almost identical with the "plus"
configuration in the Range Head. It has six
similarly-positioned radomes, each approxi-
mately - in diameter, and two bunkers
under construction (items 1 and 2). The length
of each leg in the configuration is approxi-
mately 200 feet, and the minor differences
in dimensions between this site and the one
at the Range Head, the legs of which are
probably result from mensural
limitations rather than from actual differ-
ences in length. The bunker (item 1) located
near the center of the "plus" configuration
measures ind was not completely
earth covered at the time of photography.
The other bunker (item 2) was under construc-
tion 500 feet to the south. Both bunkers
are in approximately the same position
relative to the "plus" configuration as the
ones at the Interferometer-Type Instrumen-
tation Site in the Range Head.
The instrumentation and support area
(items 3-29), which is enclosed by a fence
measuring 1,100 by 665 feet, contains 13
buildings as well as various probable instru-
ments and unidentified objects. The most
noteworthy single object is a dome on the
roof of a building (item 27), similar to the
one on the building in the Instrumentation
Control Center in the Range Head.
The small communication area (items
30-33) is enclosed by a fence measuring
210 by 160 feet. The most important struc-
ture in the enclosure is a building (item 30),
measuring with one or two small
masts on the roof or adjacent to the building.
A linear earth scar extends 1,950 feet from
this fenced enclosure northwestward to the
instrumentation and support area. The
following is a tabulation of structures found
at Instrumentation Site "A". Item numbers
correspond to those on the accompanying
graphic.
@?Xi(1) Bunker, under construction,
25X1
25X1
25X1
(2) Bunker under construction.
(3) Building under construction,
feet.
G-907
(4) Two possible dome-shaped instru-
ments, each approximately 10 feet in
diameter,
(5) Single-story, flat-roofed building,'
with possible antenna I
long on the roof.
(6) Unidentified object,
(7) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
25 feet square. Adjacent to the build-
ing are two unidentified objects, each
approximately 20 feet in diameter.
(8) Unidentified object,
(9) Unidentified object.
(10) Three pyramidal tents,
square.
(11) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
95 by 40 feet.
(12) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
30 by 25 feet.
(13) Possible shed, 'with
unidentified object on roof.
(14) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
(15) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
30 by 25 feet.
(16) Large earthen or gravel mound, 90
feet in diameter.
(17) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
with two possible vents.
(18) Possible underground storage tank,
approximately in diameter.
(19) Probable shed, 10 feet square.
(20) Single-story, monitor-roofed build-
ing, 50 by 45 feet.
(21) Excavation,
(22) Bunker, 30 feet square.
(23) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
(24) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
(25) Unidentified object.
(26) Single-story shed-roofed building,
(27) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
with 10-foot-diameter
dome on roof.
(28) Unidentified object,
(29) Two vehicles: one
(30) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
with masts on roof.
(31) Unidentified object.
(32) Possible generator shed,
square.
(33) Unidentified object.
200'
2001
20' INTERFEROMETER?TYPE
INSTRUMENTATION SITE
200'
- 44 -
201:k
0
HTA/JR - 4/58
COAST LINE
rNSTRUMENTATION AND
SUPPORT AREA
EARTH SCAR
?1950'
500
1000
FEET
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
COMMUNICATION
AREA
TOP SECRET H
TOP SECRET
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
INSTRUMENTATION SITE 113'
Instrumentation Site "B" is located at
56?57' N/161?15'13, nine miles east-north-
east of the town of Yelovka and 60 miles south-
southwest of Instrumentation Site "A". It
consists of a probable interferometer-type
instrumentation site under construction and
an instrumentation and support area. The
"plus" configuration, when completed, prob-
ably will be similar to the one at Instru-
mentation Site "A" and the one in the Range
Head. It consists of six similarly-positioned
possible radomes and two bunkers under con-
struction. As at the other sites, one bunker
is located near the center of the "plus" con-
figuration, and another is located more than
400 feet out from the center.
Although there are some dimensional
differences between this site and the other
two, they probably result from the inherent
difficulties of making precise measurements
on oblique photography. For example, the
length of the legs appears to range from 190
to 225 feet, and the two possible radomes,
which are positioned on the northeast and
northwest legs, seem to be spaced unequally,
The instrumentation and support area
consists of 16 buildings in addition to num-
erous instruments and unidentified objects.
One building with a dome on the roof (item
3) is similar to the ones in the Instrumentation
Control Center at the Range Head and at In-
strumentation Site "A".
The following is a tabulation of struc-
tures found at Instrumentation Site "B".
Item numbers correspond to those on the
accompanying graphic.
(1) Bunker under construction with ramp
leading downward into one side.
(2) Bunker under construction,
feet, and one unidentified object
west-northwest from the bunker.
(3) Single-story building, 30 by 25 feet,
with dome on roof.
(4) Excavation, 40 by 35 feet.
(5) Single-story building, 50 by 30 feet,
with large dome on roof.
(6) Single-story building, 30 feet square.
(7) Single-story building, 55 by 30 feet.
(8) Probable mound, 30 feet in diameter.
(9) Probable mound, 30 feet in diameter.
(10) Single-story building, 30 feet square.
(11) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
110 by 35 feet.
(12) Unidentified object.
G-908
NW'
(13) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
110 by 35 feet.
(14) Single-story probable building, 50
by 35 feet.
(15) Unidentified object.
(16) Single-story, flat-roofed building,
40 by 35 feet.
(17) Unidentified object.
(18) Single-story, gable- roofed building,
30 by 25 feet.
(19) Two-story building, 45 by 35 feet.
(20) Two-story, gable-roofed building, 55
by 45 feet.
(21) Single-story building, 45 by 30 feet.
(22) Unidentified object.
(23) Three unidentified objects,
feet, spaced at 50-foot intervals.
/ 225 205'
(24) Possible bunker, 25 feet square.
(25) Unidentified object.
(26) Three unidentified objects.
(27) Single-story building, 65 by 30 feet.
(28) Probable mound.
(29) Single-story possible building, 50 by
35 feet.
(30) Single-story building, 35 by 25 feet.
POSSIBLE FUNCTIONS
OF INSTRUMENTATION
SITES 'A' AND '6'
The "plus" configurations at Instru-
mentation Sites "A" and "B" serve as some
type of missile instrumentation and, in this
role, may be used for the dual purpose of ac-
PROBABLE INTERFEROMETER-TYPE
INSTRUMENTATION SITE U/C
Asr,
ake-4:30-0;
N. N,
POSSIBLE LANDING
STRIP
.? ? 4114')-.14e4t.,1-4 '1:1447.0
li'eff"1".'"4.'CAPt
r5.41-fsrt; et4,
?
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pyte;:nift?T'
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'4.e.p._"t"r11.11;:r1?1
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3
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5
a
at ? 6
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/
II
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//
I,
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INSTRUMENTATION AND
SUPPORT AREA
?1?!:141
-45-
28
/L4.),;:.?1;`?, ?
II
44,
HTA/JR- - 4/58
qui ring a target and providing trajectory data.
In turn, these data then could be used to orient
high-gain telemetry antennas, other electron-
ic tracking equipment, or optical instruments
which may be located at any one of the numer-
ous facilities and structures evident in the
areas. It is important to note that the south-
east leg of the "plus" configuration at In-
strumentation Site "A" has an azimuth of
and the southeast leg of the
"plus" configuration under construction at
Instrumentation Site "B" has a similar
orientation, i.e., an azimuth of
Moreover, as previously indicated, the tra-
jectory of a missile fired from Tyura Tam
along an azimuth of 40?, in the probable pri-
mary direction of fire, would pass over this
area on an azimuth of
184
17
?
1.4/ 416
120 *15 19
I/
7.4
\
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,
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71),fn-
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
1441-.
444r4:2";',4ii-
.{Ay :.;4:olett
? .4'1: 4ft.p.r711,9",
26 rie
?
TOP SECRET
TOP SECRET
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
INSTRUMENTATION SITE 113'
Instrumentation Site "B" is located at
56?57' N/161?15'13, nine miles east-north-
east of the town of Yelovka and 60 miles south-
southwest of Instrumentation Site "A". It
consists of a probable interferometer-type
instrumentation site under construction and
an instrumentation and support area. The
"plus" configuration, when completed, prob-
ably will be similar to the one at Instru-
mentation Site "A" and the one in the Range
Head. It consists of six similarly-positioned
possible radomes and two bunkers under con-
struction. As at the other sites, one bunker
is located near the center of the "plus" con-
figuration, and another is located more than
400 feet out from the center.
Although there are some dimensional
differences between this site and the other
two, they probably result from the inherent
difficulties of making precise measurements
on oblique photography. For example, the
length of the legs appears to range from 190
to 225 feet, and the two possible radomes,
which are positioned on the northeast and
northwest legs, seem to be spaced unequally,
The instrumentation and support area
consists of 16 buildings in addition to num-
erous instruments and unidentified objects.
One building with a dome on the roof (item
3) is similar to the ones in the Instrumentation
Control Center at the Range Head and at In-
strumentation Site "A".
The following is a tabulation of struc-
tures found at Instrumentation Site "B".
Item numbers correspond to those on the
accompanying graphic.
(1) Bunker under construction with ramp
leading downward into one side.
(2) Bunker under construction,
feet, and one unidentified object
west-northwest from the bunker.
(3) Single-story building, 30 by 25 feet,
with dome on roof.
(4) Excavation, 40 by 35 feet.
(5) Single-story building, 50 by 30 feet,
with large dome on roof.
(6) Single-story building, 30 feet square.
(7) Single-story building, 55 by 30 feet.
(8) Probable mound, 30 feet in diameter.
(9) Probable mound, 30 feet in diameter.
(10) Single-story building, 30 feet square.
(11) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
110 by 35 feet.
(12) Unidentified object.
G-908
NW'
(13) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
110 by 35 feet.
(14) Single-story probable building, 50
by 35 feet.
(15) Unidentified object.
(16) Single-story, flat-roofed building,
40 by 35 feet.
(17) Unidentified object.
(18) Single-story, gable- roofed building,
30 by 25 feet.
(19) Two-story building, 45 by 35 feet.
(20) Two-story, gable-roofed building, 55
by 45 feet.
(21) Single-story building, 45 by 30 feet.
(22) Unidentified object.
(23) Three unidentified objects,
feet, spaced at 50-foot intervals.
/ 225 205'
(24) Possible bunker, 25 feet square.
(25) Unidentified object.
(26) Three unidentified objects.
(27) Single-story building, 65 by 30 feet.
(28) Probable mound.
(29) Single-story possible building, 50 by
35 feet.
(30) Single-story building, 35 by 25 feet.
POSSIBLE FUNCTIONS
OF INSTRUMENTATION
SITES 'A' AND '6'
The "plus" configurations at Instru-
mentation Sites "A" and "B" serve as some
type of missile instrumentation and, in this
role, may be used for the dual purpose of ac-
PROBABLE INTERFEROMETER-TYPE
INSTRUMENTATION SITE U/C
Asr,
ake-4:30-0;
N. N,
POSSIBLE LANDING
STRIP
.? ? 4114')-.14e4t.,1-4 '1:1447.0
li'eff"1".'"4.'CAPt
r5.41-fsrt; et4,
?
*4.100
r ? .:kfty:10, .7473077.147,4214';(1'.....
9:;;; n nvvrt *". ? ????e$
. -40.a.Th- ? ea)44'VY-'
.4;,f?44- ?-4--ePrm'
pyte;:nift?T'
17F.:0714,91,17:9.,Ler%uhno.Pni:0:04;1074,4:,:c:4,.:
'4.e.p._"t"r11.11;:r1?1
4; nrkrip..141.,
0 1.1*.k '51?1.1,...
17,VAct, .
3
?
`N.
'416PArt' .
4'1 'VA
-16^A.5
"
ri,), -7:65tfl 7,4iXt*
----
5
a
at ? 6
?A
Bak:,
II:J..2;1i
, -......,?
4:......,:-
0,111,4?,-'-zi.,,,,,e7 % 4
).-1129
V...4:21?;7'!- -,PAn'i., - '5-4, rir4
*".; k..A4-;4.-2;t3141.115.N4.7FA3fe..2
/
II
fr
//
I,
V.9;fig ? ? /.4i1";)
INSTRUMENTATION AND
SUPPORT AREA
?1?!:141
-45-
28
/L4.),;:.?1;`?, ?
II
44,
HTA/JR- - 4/58
qui ring a target and providing trajectory data.
In turn, these data then could be used to orient
high-gain telemetry antennas, other electron-
ic tracking equipment, or optical instruments
which may be located at any one of the numer-
ous facilities and structures evident in the
areas. It is important to note that the south-
east leg of the "plus" configuration at In-
strumentation Site "A" has an azimuth of
and the southeast leg of the
"plus" configuration under construction at
Instrumentation Site "B" has a similar
orientation, i.e., an azimuth of
Moreover, as previously indicated, the tra-
jectory of a missile fired from Tyura Tam
along an azimuth of 40?, in the probable pri-
mary direction of fire, would pass over this
area on an azimuth of
184
17
?
1.4/ 416
120 *15 19
I/
7.4
\
10-'6111
,
24
2 0
0#
A \
'4\
14.\\
\\
254
? .1
? S ?
21.
?
22??
23V-'' ?
? "."2.6 4). %;? Age:
-a.' h r494 r VIA* e reA:
arf;050.1... '1:6
27 t? 4,* ?
? ?r----??
? a 44-e,
71),fn-
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
1441-.
444r4:2";',4ii-
.{Ay :.;4:olett
? .4'1: 4ft.p.r711,9",
26 rie
?
TOP SECRET
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
@?Xi
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
TOP SECRET-
PROBABLE INSTRUMENTATION SITE
Probable Instrumentation Site "D" is
located at 57?09' N/162?48' E, on the coast
of Ozernoy Bay about 45 miles southeast of
Uka. It consists of two areas about 3,000
feet apart, which contain a total of 14
buildings, several possible instruments, and
several unidentified objects. Approximate-
ly 3,500 feet west of the southern area is
an unidentified irregularly-shaped clearing,
which measures 300 by 230 feet and is
connected by road with the coastal area.
The following is a tabulation of the com-
ponents of Probable Instrumentation Site
"D". Item numbers correspond to those on
the accompanying graphic.
(1) One and one-half story, modified
gable-roofed building,
(2) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
with an unidentified
object on the roof.
(3) Unidentified object,
(4) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
(5) One
mately
25X1 (6) One
25X1 mately
(7) Unidentified object.
25X1 (8) Possible instrument in dia-
meter.
(9) Two unidentified objects, 25 by 10
feet.
25X1 (10) Possible bunker,
(11) Possible instrument.
possible
instrument, approxi-
possible
instrument, approxi-
(12) Two unidentified objects,
feet.
(13) Possible instrument
(14) Possible instrument,
meter.
(15) Possible shed, 20 feet square.
(16) Possible mast.
(17) Unidentified object, 10 feet in dia-
meter, in the center of a cleared area
30 feet in diameter.
(18) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
(19) Three probable instruments.
(20) Possible shed,
(21) Possible building,
(22) Unidentified object.
(23) Single-story building, 20 by 15 feet.
(24) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
35 by 20 feet.
(25) L-shaped, single-story, gable-roof-
ed building, 25 by 15 feet, with a wing
10 feet square.
(26) Two-story, gable-roofed building,
115 by 25 feet.
(27) Unidentified object,
(28) Possible shed,
(29) Unidentified object,I?
meter in center of an earth scarred area.
(30) Two-story, possible building, 25 by
15 feet.
(31) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
35 by 25 feet, with two attached sheds, 10
feet square.
(32) Cleared area, 300 by 230 feet.
*10
HTA/JR - 4/58
2:7 = = --= 111111
V,
\
150 //
II
crc
-
-t?t;!r:le.r!reCc".'e'"-C CCAtt-
r;
c
`16
17 145'
?
19 \ I 145
rt,
f
C
I ?
1q9C-CAC'cA ?r;i:
? r
,C,4e
"1.?.:4A
- rA Zr).r
4;t1;57.1,
'i*/91;45
f:Y
,
? ?
4???e?-
4%-"?;',1-?:;q0;):7i':"
"3
'!
111;::;1%
6;1? i
..!..: .131,1!7,?ik
, ^). ' P
.`5 ,.,:.1
.) ? ..5:3:
? '4.2(leir., - ? t,. ", .. s.,.....,. .. .. 1 '1,..r.43,,,, ? ...4 ,..",,,, . 4.3Iti tii,.......
0 - - ? AV,_ 1:...z5zel.,;:..e. .:::,,,50,2-
i
...??? ....---
?
P?,
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32
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...?????
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4.1 2
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- 47 -
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
500
0
FEET
500
TOP SECRET-
25X1
3g3E1
H*1
25X1
25X1
TOP SECRET
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
PROBABLE INSTRUMENTATION SITE I'
Probable Instrumentation Site "E" is
located on the coast of Oxernoy Bay at
57?16 N/162?45' E, nine miles north of Pro-
bable Instrumentation Site "D". It contains
19 buildings, four vehicles, and several
unidentified objects. A dome, 20 feet in
diameter, located on the roof of a building
(item 5), probably covers a large instru-
ment.
Of undetermined significance is the pre-
sence at the time of photography of two
ships 1.5 miles off shore at 57?20. N/162?44'
E, five miles north-northeast of Probable In-
strumentation Site "E". The larger one, a
cargo type, is 300 feet long while the smal-
ler one, situated alongside, is 60 feet long.
Although it is possible that these vessels
bring supplies to the isolated coastal sites,
they may, on the other hand, possibly serve
as range "picket" ships.
The following is a tabulation of the
components of Probable Instrumentation Site
"E". Item numbers correspond to those
on the accompanying graphic.
(1) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
30 by 25 feet.
(2) Single-story building with curved roof,
30 feet square.
(3) Unidentified object, 10 feet in dia-
meter.
(4) Possible shed,
(5) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
35 by 20 feet, with dome approximately
20 feet in diameter on roof.
(6) Single-story, gable-roofed revetted
building, 45 by 30 feet.
(7) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
35 by 30 feet.
(8) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
30 by 20 feet.
(9) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
20 feet square with possible cable line
extending to water.
(10) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
35 by 30 feet.
(11) Single-story, gable-roofed,revetted
building, 95 by 30 feet.
0-911
(12) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
30 by 20 feet.
(13) Single-story, flat-roofed building,
(14) Single-story building,
(15) Single-story, gable-roofed building,
25 by 15 feet.
(16) Unidentified object, 10 feet in dia-
meter.
(17) Four vehicles, each
(18)
Single-story, gable-roofed building,
30 by 25 feet.
(19) Single-story, flat-roofed building,
30 by 25 feet.
(20) Single-story building, 20 by 10 feet.
(21) Shed,
(22) Single-story building
with unidentified object on roof.
(23) Four unidentified objects, I-I
feet in diameter, forming rectangle, 30
by 15 feet.
HTA/JR -4/58
0 500
ig
FEET
1000
Approved For Release 2005/14017 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
1OP SECRET-
25X1
TOP SECRET-1
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
CONCLUSIONS
The Tyura Tam Missile Launching Complex constitutes a major permanent Soviet missile
test center of unusual significance. When completed, the Complex probably will be capable of
locally fulfilling requirements for propellants, electric power, and water, and of supporting in
excess of 5,500 persons.
? ?
The Range Head, with one launching facility completed can be expanded
by the northward extension of the rail line and the addition of any number of launching facilities.
? ? ?
The apparent emphasis placed upon the railroad in almost every phase of operation within
the Complex indicates that the Soviets are developing rail-supported and, probably, fully integrated
rail-mobile missile systems.
? ? ?
The missile launching structure at Tyura Tam is apparently designed to support the launch-
ing and static testing of large ballistic missiles with intercontinental, satellite, and space-flight
capabilities.
? ? ?
Launching or static testing of large ballistic missiles at Tyura Tam probably could have
been conducted by midsummer 1957 and possibly for a limited period prior thereto.
? ? ?
Use at Tyura Tam of new or unusual propulsion systems is suggested by the magnitude and
complexity of the launching structure and its support facilities.
? ? ?
A new major Soviet overland missile test range, oriented to the northeast along an azimuth
of approximately 40? from Tyura Tam, probably extends at least 3,400 miles to the Kamchatka
Peninsula.
? ? ?
Two directions of fire from Tyura Tam are apparent -- the probable primary direction
(40?) to the northeast, and the possible alternate direction (90?) to the east.
? ? ?
The magnitude and complexity of instrumentation facilities in the Tyura Tam Missile Test
Range, particularly those in the Range Head and those just down range, indicate that the Soviets
have developed numerous and sophisticated procedures for the volume collection of flight and
static test data.
? ? ?
Probable terminal range instrumentation facilities for the Tyura Tam Missile Test Range
are grouped in the Uka/Yelovka area of the Kamchatka Peninsula and along the coast of the Ber-
ing Sea, south-southeast of Uka.
? ? ?
The Soviets possibly employ an inertial-type guidance system at Tyura Tam.
? ? ?
The Missile Launching Complex and Test Range are supported by an elaborate network of
communication facilities that includes an extensive high-frequency, long-distance, point-to-
point communication system incorporating the use of rhombic antennas.
- 49 -
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
HTA/JR - 4/58
TOP SECRET
TOP SECRET-I
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
SOURCE MATERIALS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
MAP DATA:
WAC 132, 246, Pilotage Charts 132C, 246C
REFERENCES:
1. Army, Moscow. DA IN 56206, 21 Sep 57. (S)
2. Army, Moscow. DA IN 67497 (Joint Army Navy Air Msg.), 21 Oct 57. (S)
3. Air, Moscow. (Trip Report Moscow-Alma Ata and Return) 31 Oct 57. Me)
5. CIA. RR-GR-148, "Possible Guided Missile Testing Ranges in the USSR", Jun 57. (S)
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RELATED REPORTS
HTA/JM-2/57, Tyura Tam Missile Test Facility, Sep 57.
HTA/JM-3/57, Communications Facilities at Tyura Tam,
eP
ACSI Air Force, SPIR T-57-10, Tyura Tam Missile Test Launching Range, Sep 57
HTA/JB-1/57, Azusa Guided Missile Facility, Kamchatka Peninsula, Oct 57. t
SAC DPIR SP-9-57, Tyura Tam Guided Missile Test Center, Dec 57,
HTA/B-11/58, Unidentified Ground Scar Configuration Near Kzyl Orda, Feb 58
- 50 -
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
HTA/JR 4/58
TOP SECRET H
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25k1
25X1
HK1
25X-1
25X1
25X1 (A) Large double rhombic, under con-
struction.
25X1 Length of one side
Separation of end masts
TOP SECRET-
A high-frequency, long-range radio Com-
munication Center was under construction in
near the town of Klyuchi on
the Kamchatka Peninsula. The Center,
located at 56?19' N/160?51' E, measures 4,500
by 1,700 feet over-all and is composed of
two separate areas. The larger, a head-
quarters and support area, encompasses
some 25 acres and, when complete, will
contain at least 39 major buildings and
structures. The smaller, a communication
area, is characterized by two double rhom-
bic antenna arrays under construction and
by extensive clearing of wooded areas for
construction of at least two possible additional
rhombic arrays. A large control building,
a cooling tower, and three small buildings are
also situated in the area.
The Center is located adjacent to a
densely wooded area 3,500 feet south of
Klyuchi and is served by several unimproved
roads. Overhead power and/or communi-
cation lines and a large water line also
serve the Center. An intricate network of
ditches, probably part of a water or central
heating system, and linear ground scars,
probably cable lines, connect various build-
ings and structures. Vehicle revetments,
earth-mounded structures, and several uni-
dentified objects are also evident. A relative-
ly large heliport with seven Hound helicopters
present is located approximately one mile to
the west.
The size and configuration of rhombic
antenna arrays A and B, under construction
at the Klyuchi Communication Center, are
nearly identical to several rhombic arrays
found at Communication Area "A" in the
Tyura Tam Missile Launching Complex (see
page 31). In addition to being double rhom-
bics, they have an orientation of
north, which defines a great circle azimuth
toward Tyura Tam. It is possible, there-
fore, that these antenna facilities, coupled
with the contiguous headquarters and sup-
port area, constitute a key component of the
Tyura Tam Missile Test Range.
The following is a tabulation of the
components of the Communication Center.
Item numbers correspond to those on the
accompanying graphic.
Communication Area
Antennas
Length of major axis
Length Of minor axis
410'
85'
740
340
Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
Supplement*
KLYUCHI COMMUNICATION CENTER
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Azimuth of major axis
(B) Small double rhombic, under con-
struction.
Length of one side
Separation of end masts
Length of major axis
Length of minor axis
Azimuth of major axis
(C) Possible double rhombic,
struction.
Length of one side
Separation of end masts
Length of major axis
Length of minor axis
Azimitth of major axis
(D) Possible single rhombic
struction.
Length of major axis
Azimuth of major axis
Structures
2201
601
390'
160'
under con-
350'
80'
660'
215'
under con-
2
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ev.aPt.
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OVERHEAD POWER AND/OR
COMMUNICATION LINE
Headquarters .and Support Area
Structures
(8) Balding, single-story, gable-roofed
with a shed-type extension,
on the east side.
(9) Building, single-story, gable-roofed,
with a small shed on the
south side.
(10) Building, single-story, gable-roofed,
Appears to be revetted.
(11) Building under construction, 50 by
25 feet.
(12) Possible building construction site,
(13) Building, single-story, flat-roofed,
(14) Building, single-story, flat-roofed,
400' (15) Building, single-story, gable-roofed,
(1) Control building, multistory, hip
roofed, 105 by 45 feet, with a single-
story flat-roofed extension, 45 by 25 feet.
(2) Building, single-story, flat-roofed,
30 by 15 feet.
3) Three van-type trucks,
(4) Building, single-story, flat-roofed,
(5) Cooling tower, 15 feet square.
(6) Shed, 15 by 10 feet.
(7) Large U-shaped earthen structure.
(16) Revetted "cross-shaped" building.
Main part is with a wing,
on eacn stae.
(17) Building, single-story, gable-roofed,
, with shed-type extension,
n the east end.
(18) Building, single-story flat-roofed,
(19) Building, single-story flat-roofed,
25 feet square.
(20) Building, single-story, flat-roofed,
"L" shaped,
feet.
(21) Building, single-story, with modi-
Approved For Release 2005/ 117 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
(34144:41t0 A.,
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fied gable roof,
(22) Building, under construction, 120
Framework for one story
is complete.
(23) Building under construction, multi-
story,
(24) Building, single-story. flat-roofed,
(25) Building, two-story administration-
type, ? with six dormers on the roof.
(26) Buildings,single-story, flat-roofed,
40 by 15 feet.
(27) Buildings,multistory, with modified
hipped roof, I I Center
portion is'
(28) Four buildings, each single-story,
flat-roofed,
(29) Building, multistory, gable-roofed,
(30) Three buildings under construction.
Will probably be similar to building 27.
(31) Four buildings, each single-story,
flat-roofed, one with a
15-foot-square addition.
(32) Two buildings, each multistoried,
gable-roofed,
(33) Building, single-story gable-roofed,
40 by 25 feet.
(34) Pump house, 20 feet square.
? The Klyuchi Communication Center was
identified too late to be included as an inte-
grated portion of this report. Because of its
apparent significance, particularly with re-
ference to the Tyura Tam Missile Test Range,
an analysis was prepared and added to this
report just prior to distribution. It sup-
plements the section on the Missile Test
Range, specifically pages 34 through 48.
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Approved For Release 2005/11/17 : CIA-RDP02T06408R000900010026-3
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