CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED SOLID PROPELLANT FACILITIES AT THE MUNITIONS AND CHEMICAL COMBINE K. KIROV NO 98 PERM, USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP02T06408R000600010030-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 3, 2003
• Sequence Number: 30
• Publication Date: February 1, 1967
• Content Type: REPORT

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PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION REPORT
CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
SELECTED SOLID PROPELLANT FACILITIES
AT THE MUNITIONS AND CHEMICAL COMBINE
K. KIROV NO 98
PERM, USSR
25X1
FEBRUARY 1967
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PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION REPORT
CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
SELECTED SOLID PROPELLANT FACILITIES
AT THE MUNITIONS AND CHEMICAL COMBINE
K. KIROV NO 98, PERM, USSR
FEBRUARY 1967
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
TOP SECRET
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In this publication, the following corrections should be inserted:
Page 1, fifth paragraph, third line, Figure 3 should read Figure 4
Page 5, Figure 3, item 20 should be screened gray for =
Page 6, Table 2, item 13, Date Considered Complete should read
Page 7, Figure 4, item 17 should be screened blue-gray for =
Page 8, Middle column, third line, Figure 5 should read Figure 7
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INTRODUCTION
This report, one of a series of studies of the chron-
ological development of Soviet solid propellant production
areas and their associated rocket motor test facilities,
is concerned with selected portions of the Munitions and
Chemical Combine K. Kirov No 98 located
at 57-58N 055-54E on the north bank of the Kama, approx-
imately 10.5 nautical miles (nm) east of Perm, USSR
(Figure 1).
This combine is quite extensive both in the physical
area and in the variety of products that can be manufactured
there. The principal areas of the combine that have been
identified include a conventional propellant production area
with single- and double-base propellant production capa-
bility, a large explosive storage area, a solid propellant
rocket motor test facility, and 2 recently developed areas
designated as the Advanced Solid Propellant Production
Facility and the Modified Solid Propellant Plant (Figure 2).
This report will deal with the last three areas: the 2
recently developed propellant production areas and the
ancillary rocket motor test area. It will therefore be suf-
ficient to say that the majority of the remaining areas of
the combine were present on the first photographic coverage
and, with one exception, there have been no major or sig-
nificant construction changes in these areas since
The one exception has been the identification of a casting
facility near the double-base propellant area. This facility,
along with a series of 5 contiguous offset buildings also iden-
tified in this area, appeared to be under construction in mid-
and was considered to be complete by0 This
facility and building arrangement are similar to ones ob-
served at Biysk, Krasnoyarsk, Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy, and
Sterlitamak solid propellant plants. 1
A small rocket motor test cell and blast deflector were
identified on photography of in the south cor-
ner of the old shell test range which is located southeast of
the Rocket Motor Test Facility. The cell is 45 by 25 feet with
a 40-foot flared tube at the firing end. The blast deflector
is located approximately 150 feet from, the test cell. Al-
though the existence of this facility can be traced back to
the quality of photography did not permit its
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identification as a test facility until 4 years later.
Data concerning structures at the Advanced Solid
Propellant Production Facility (Table 1, Figure 3), Modi-
fied Solid Propellant Plant (Table 2, Figure 3), and the
Rocket Motor Test Facility (Table 3, Figures 5-7) were
derived from 22 photographic missions which covered the
Munitions and Chemical Combine K. Kirov No 98 between
This data is summarized
on layout drawings of these facilities in which structures
are color coded to show the chronology of construction and
on tables associated with the drawings. In many instances
the determination of starting and completion dates of con-
struction could not be accurately assessed due to intermit-
tent photographic data. In addition, the completion or op-
erational status of various structures could not be deter-
mined with a great degree of certainty. The photography
was of particularly poor quality and small scale during
the 1961-63 period, accounting for items listed as observed
and completed on the same date.
HIGHLIGHTS
1961
The combine was first observed on
pho-
tography of0 This photography was of very poor
quality and could be used only for the recognition of gross
Dobryanaka
MUNITION5"ANO CHEMICAL
COMBINE K: KIROV NO 98
PERM
-~--'-'- Railroad, double track
--* Railroad, single track
- Road
FIGURE 1. LOCATION MAP.
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MOSKVA
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features, such as the perimeter outlines of the Modified
Solid Propellant Plant and the Rocket Motor Test Facility.
The blast deflector for the horizontal test cell (item 14,
Figure 7) in the latter facility may have been present at
this time.
1962
Construction had not begun on the Advanced Solid
Propellant Facility at this time, but the major buildings
in the Modified Solid Propellant Plant were discernible
on photography of These 25X1
buildings appeared complete and were assumed to be op-
erational (Figure 4). The Rocket Motor Test Facility,
which is separately secured and contains a horizontal
test cell (item 14, Figure 7) and a large blast deflector
(item 15, Figure 7), was identified, suggesting that solid
propellants were being produced and tested at the chem-
ical and munitions combine at this time. Other signifi-
cant buildings observed at the facility included items 5-7,
11, and 12, Figure 7.
1963
The new Advanced Solid Propellant Facility was grow-
ing at a rapid pace when observed in I I Facilities
under construction included a curing building (item 8, Fig-
ure 3), an administration section (items 39-41, Figure 3),
an oxidizer section (items 32 and 36, Figure 3), 2 casting
buildings (items 20 and 27, Figure 3), and the associated
control houses. Improved photography allowed identifi-
cation of 2 additional revetted buildings (items 31 and 32,
Figure 4) in the Modified Solid Propellant Plant, where new
construction included a new administration/engineering
building (item 13, Figure 4) and the expansion of a nearby
fabrication/assembly building (item 4, Figure 4) which
appeared to have been finished in
1964
During this year 17 major buildings were constructed
at the advanced propellant facility. They included such
structures as the case preparation building (item 28,
Figure 3), fuel preparation sections (items 17 and 18, Fig-
ure 3), a possible pre-mix building (item 25, Figure 3),
curing buildings (items 5 and 6, Figure 3) and the propel-
lant blend/mix buildings (items 19 and 26, Figure 3).
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 Construction of a casting building (item 13, Figure 3) was
first observed in 0 Revetments for the various
production buildings were begun in this period and an ex-
tensive rail network was also discernible for the first
time. Another utility, an electrical substation, was built
outside the security wall immediately west of the blend/
mix buildings.
Early ^photography revealed the completion of a
heavily reverted building (item 42, Figure 4) outside the
existing perimeter fence on the west side of the Modified
Solid Propellant Plant. This structure bears resemblance
to a casting building identified at the Kamensk-Shakhtin-
skiy facility. A rail spur was extended into this area. By
a second revetted structure (item 41, Figure 4) was
under construction. When complete in
this building was noted to be similar to a curing building
(item 6, Figure 3) in the Advanced Solid Propellant Facility.
A possible assembly and checkout building (item 4,
Figure 7) was the only major structure constructed at the
Rocket Motor Test Facility during 1964. The building,^
feet high, appeared to be externally complete in
At this time it was separately secured and this wall was
not removed until the middle of 1966. of this
year, construction of a rail bed was started north of the
Rocket Motor Test Facility; when eventually complete, it
would link the test facility to the older conventional
propellant area.
1965
Construction continued steadily during this year at
the Advanced Solid Propellant Facility. However, the con-
struction rate of the casting building (item 13, Figure 3)
had slowed down. Personnel bunkers and small support
buildings were observed on the photography for the first
time. Two large assembly buildings (items 9 and 10,
Figure 3), in the early stages of construction in
were nearly complete when observed in C
P
There were no significant developments at either the
Modified Solid Propellant Plant or the Rocket Motor
Test Facility during 1965.
1966
Photography of
revealed the construction of an
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additional propellant blend/mix building in the Advanced
Solid Propellant Facility. Pipelines were discernible for
the first time and a wall had been built to isolate the more
hazardous sections from the remainder of the facility.
Ground scarring indicated that at least 3 new structures
are to be erected in this area in addition to those already
in progress.
Construction activity was observed at the Modified
Solid Propellant Plant for the first time in over a year.
The center of activity is ostensibly in the west-central
portion of the plant immediately west of the propellant
processing buildings (items 34 and 35, Figure 4). A
rail - served building (item 10, Figure 7) and a small
support building (item 2, Figure 7) represent the only
significant physical changes at the test facility during
1966.
ADVANCED SOLID
PROPELLANT FACILITY
The Advanced Solid Propellant Facility (Figure 3)
is located at the northwest side of the munitions and
chemical combine, immediately north of the Modified
Solid Propellant Plant. A comparison of the advanced
solid propellant production facilities at Perm, Kemerovo,
and Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy has resulted in the functional
interpretation of major buildings and structures. Because
detailed descriptions of several similar types of major
production buildings have already been done, 2/ they will
not be repeated in this report. In addition to the fact
that these plants comprise similar building configurations,
they also share the obvious advantages of service and
support facilities by having been constructed adjacent to
an older propellant/explosives combine. However, dif-
ferences do occur in spatial arrangement, due, perhaps,
to topography or the land area available for a construc-
tion program; and in the number of buildings utilized for
a specific function. The most notable example of this is
the current construction of additional mixing and casting
unitb at Perm; unlike the other advanced solid propellant
facilities, which have 2 production lines, the Perm facility
will have 3.
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MODIFIED SOLID
PROPELLANT PLANT
The Modified Solid Propellant Plant (Figure 4) con-
sists of 32 processing buildings, the majority of which
are revetted, and a support section on the north side of
the facility. The support section, which is analogous to
the one at the Biysk R&D facility, comprises a large
fabrication/assembly building (item 4, Figure 4), 2 large
L-shaped administration/engineering buildings (items 13
and 25, Figure 4), a T-shaped building under construc-
tion (item 26, Figure 4), and 2 other large rectangular
workshop/storage buildings (items 1 and 2, Figure 4).
A specific description of the functions of the buildings
in the remainder of the facility is difficult because of the
lack, until recently, of any photography with sufficient
detail, and also the overall diversity and the complexity
of the plant area itself. Thus, Table 2 gives only a general
description of the buildings, derived from a few of the
most recent photographic coverages.
ROCKET MOTOR TEST FACILITY
The Rocket Motor Test Facility (Figure 7) is located
southwest of the production areas. The Perm facility
represents the only solid motor test facility in which phys-
ical activity was increasingly evident on recent photography.
This activity includes the movement of numerous rocket
motor casings into the main test area: at least 13 casings,
ranging in size from to 25 by 5 feet, were
identified adjacent to the large horizontal test cell (item 14,
Figure 7) on photography of 0. Other possible
casings were observed at the small rocket motor test
building (item 6, Figure 7). Measurements of random
samplings of these possible casings revealed objects 20
feet in length with a diameter of approximately ^
to 5 feet. Also observed in the Rocket Motor Test Facility
at this time were 4 large rail cars, measurin I
feet, and 6 smaller cars. Previous observations of rail
stock were in 0 (at least 9 rail cars) and in
Cat least 8 cars).
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Five of the more important structures at the Rocket
Motor Test Facility are described in detail below.
Of the 8 major structures in the Rocket Motor Test
Facility, the most evident is the large rail-served hori-
25X1
zontal test cell (item 14, Figure 7; Figure 5) on the west
25X1 side of the facility. The test building itself measures =
Q and is approximately 30 feet high. The exhaust end
25X1 of the test cell is flared, increasing from a 25-foot diameter
25X1 to a final diameter of Q. A large concrete-faced
blast deflector is located 310 feet to the rear of the test
cell. The deflector, rising at a slight angle, is 260 feet
25X1 wide at the base and 130 feet wide at the top. Although
25X1
bldg
D/
U/I I bldg
II/I bldg
Poss curing bldg u/v
Curing bldg
091
V 1 l0 Assembly bldg
25X1 11 U/I bldg
25X1
Ml
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I8 Propexant blend/mix
bldg u/c
18 Casting bldg uk
14 Poss inspection bldg
16 Support bldg
8 U/I bldg
17 Fuel prepnreton bldg
10 Fnel preparation bldg
10 P-p.11nnt bland/mix
bldg
90 Casting bldg
Dimensions'
WOii, Height
similar test cell configurations have been observed at
Sterlitamak, Krasnoyarsk, Biysk, and Kamensk-Shakhtin-
skiy, there are slight dimensional and physical differences
which distinguish one test cell from another. The ex-
pansion of a small support building and 2 other related
small buildings represents the only recent construction
activity observed.
There was no evidence of test firing through 1964;
however, darkened areas on the snow indicating possible
test activity were observed on photography ofI
II Weathering of the concrete facing on the blast
deflector, indicative of test activity over a long period
of time, was noted in II Large-scale pho-
tography of has given first firm evidence
of test firing at the horizontal test cell (Figure 7).
The isolated test position (item 16, Figure 7) is located
1,800 feet southwest of the main rocket motor facility at
the edge of the Kama River. Separately secured and serv-
iced by a single road, the test position consists of a U-
shaped revetment with a large earth mound placed per-
pendicular to the open side, creating a blast deflector. An
earth-mounded bunker is located on the east side of the
Hes a smell low.bay secticn
Hes a small lcw. hay section
Bldg witM1 EO-It low bay appeared
ceeserved comp ate yeQ
r Lnerviae in 86
Hrevget[ep~~ remPletaO
tl
Well nee been re _tl to feail-
ilate wnstrnction; ncarl ng
Bldmpletlon~ gl, 1J
8 PPe
re erred
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Q small
of bldg
bldg loca ted 6W f b
dg
Righ secton is 90 f4 highez than
nnaetermanaa low ,ention; re.et-
Id g evidentQ resembles
bldgat Kam- tinskiy
identified as q qua1lity ity nanWOl &
tsst Ill dg
~b~slilers ^ob ol bld8~u c it
o Fmthar conek .
n tlvouHl~ rail en-
vmplete, width
D. n w semen.
,ton, ,rnl incomplete
ivg
Bldg appear
p,b,bld ra?
gO do 69;
nit man-
re.lt e t mt aWp ne rear of the
Sep security wall was not
diece arate mi ble before early 88;
bldg is similar b one at Ka
k-Sbakbtinskiy
Rnil ewvice wmplete Q
00 Pose pre-mix bldg
26 Propellant blend/mix
bldg
2T Casting bldg
20 Warehouse
30 Workshop
/I bldg u/c
32 Pass axidrxer srer.
age bldg
88 Oxidizer sbrage bldg
84 Oxidizer preparation
bldg
86 Pass pre-mix bldg
88 Oxidizer -P ti..
81 U/1 bldg
88 U/1 bldg
3P ALpport bldg
40 Admin bldg
41 Support bldg
42 6uppo2 bldg
utilities
Pipelines
Oim
(efnt'io
aengu, wield xeignt
Reverting completed 06; rdi9
of phetograPby lfl Pr
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~ed a rate wratn meaa-
Bldg nPParondy wm lees iv 64, 25X1
tlednntil
wm
Blg appareetly c4, 25X1
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reea i
BI ogt obeerv~plete
gal nt~
lacks nlg_- seotion idenWfy-
in a bldgs
other edvenaod solid prepollant
[aci litl es
26 ft above ground; pipe installa
early stages in0
lie. being constructed at rho
bldg. s erase of 6onanpennn
Substation constructed we,t of
cos
ting
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revetment and is connected to the test position by an earth ?5X3
mounded walkway/cableway. The test position is relativel /~ F'
unsophisticated in that the test area is unsheltered from
the weather and utilizes a possible test bench/thrust pa p 5X
for holding the rocket during hot firings. The length of th /t
test position is 240 feet measured from the closed end of
Rail lines vnryT ppna- 7 6 _Y_ ~I?-I
G J/~ I !
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Iremz fi.z+abserved in L
Items considered camel e+e .n
l+ems co~side.ed complete i~
Items considered comp le+e in
l+ems considered complete i~
Railroad
Read
Wall
-e - Steamline
Pipeline
Building under construction
Earttrcovered building
Construction activity
Revetment
Bunker
Buried tank
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the revetment to the base of the deflector. Blast marks,
which covered the entire length of the revetment, have been
noted on photography of providing first
evidence of testing activity at the isolated test position.
An isolated test position has also been identified in
the rocket motor test facility at Biysk. Located southwest
of the main test area, this facility is quite similar to the
one at Perm; it also consists of a large U-shaped revet-
ment and a small test structure in the revetment. However,
unlike Perm, the Biysk site lacks a blast deflector; instead,
the blast from test firings is directed across a road into
the base of a ridge line.
SOLID ROCKET MOTOR TEST BUILDINGS
A rail-served small rocket motor test building (item 6,
Figure 7; Figure 6) was identified on large-scale
photography of The identification was made
from the initial observation of 4 openings at the north
10030-1
end of the building, 2 measure Dand the other
2 measure These openings are comparable
to the design of aircraft engine test cells in that the
resultant air blast and exhaust gases from the activated
test vehicle are deflected upward and discharged through
the openings in the roof at the other end of the test cell.
Small rocket motors tested in this building could be fired
in a horizontal position similar to aircraft engine test
procedure or might be tested in a vertical mode with the
rocket firing directly up through the opening.
By using the same process, identification was made
of a second possible small solid rocket motor test building
(item 7, Figure 7) on photography of This
building was previously thought to be an assembly and
checkout building, similar to H-shaped buildings at other
solid propellant test facilities. 1/ The building, rail
served, contains several different levels. The overall
dimensions for this building are 175 by 145 feet.
These motor test buildings are analogous to ones
observed at Kemerovo and Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy. The
building at Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy was first observed in
horizontal test cell, measures approximately 110 by 60 feet
and is rail served. A pair of openings on its north suggests
that there are 2 cells present in the building. In
a similar building was observed under construction
at the Kemerovo test facility. This building measures 115
by 90 feet overall and contains 3 test cells, each served by
a separate rail spur. To date the building at Kemerovo is
still considered incomplete; a small section on the south
side of the building has not been finished.
POSSIBLE INSPECTION BUILDINGS
Three buildings, one in the Rocket Motor Test Facility
and 2 in the Advanced Solid Propellant Facility, are ap-
parently involved with the inspection and testing of various
products of the solid propellant facility; these buildings
Table 2. Eunction/Descripfiors, Dimensions, Roof Cover, and Chronology of Structures at the Modified Solid Propellant Plant, Perm, USSR
Item
No
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Function/Description
Workshop/storage
hldg
Workshop/storage
bldg
U/I bldg
Fabrication/assem-
hly bldg
U, 'l bldg
U/1 bldg
U/I bldg
Propellant process-
ing bldg
Propellant process-
ing bldg
U/I bldg
Propellant process-
ing bldg
Support bldg
Admin/ engineering
bldg
Propellant process-
ing bldg
Propellant process-
big bldg
Propellant process-
ing bldg
Propellant process-
ing bldg
Propellant process-
ing bldg
Propellant process-
ing bldg
Propellant process-
ing bldg
Propellant process-
ing bldg
Propellant process-
big bldg
Dimensions*
(ft)
Length Width Height
Roof Cover
(sq ft)
Date
First Observed
*Horizontol measurements are accurate to within ? 5 ft; vertical measurements are accurate to ? 15 ft.
Date Considered
Complete
Comnients
Item
No
Function/Description
23 Support bldg
24 Support bldg
25 Admrn/engineering bldg
26 T-shaped bldg u/c
Bldg was expanded on its east side;
a high-bay section was
also constructed on corner dur-
ing this time
27 Propellant process-
ing bldg
28 Propellant process-
ing bldg
29 Propellant process-
ing bldg
30 Propellant process-
ing bldg
31 Propellant process-
ing bldg
32 Propellant process-
ing bldg
33 Support bldg
34 U/I bldg
35 U/I bldg
36 Propellant process-
ing bldg
37 U/I bldg
38 Prob process-
ing bldg
39 Prob process-
ing bldg
40 Poss casting bldg
41 Curing bldg
42 Casting bldg
No measurement available at this
time
Utilities
Rail lines
Stearnlines
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Dimensions*
(ft)
Length Width Height
Roof Cover
(sq ft)
This building, located northeast of the large
Date
First Observed
Date Considered
Complete
Comments
Construction has not changed sig-
nificantly in 3 years an this small
T-shaped bldg
The area was indistinct in 62
Poss served by multiple rail spurs
Poss present in 62
Poor-quality photography in this area
in 62
Bldg had rail service as early as D
^similar to casting bldg at Kamensk-
Shakhtinskiy
Additional rail spurs extended in area
of construction (items 41 K 42) in64
Presence of buried steamlines unde-
termined until when snow
covering permitted observation of
steamline pattern
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construction activity
Revetment
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Tank
II
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0 hems considered complere ~n
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Function/Description
1 Support bldg
2 Support bldg
3 Admin bldg
4 Pass assembly &
checkout bldg
5 U/1 bldg
6 Small rocket motor
test bldg
7 Poss small rocket
motor test bldg
S Support bldg
S Support bldg
10 U/I bldg
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Table 3. Function/Description, Dimensions, Roof Cover and Chronotoyy of Structures at the Rocket Motor Test Facilities, Pens, USSR
Date
First Observed
*Horizontal measurements are accurate to within ? 5 ft; vertical measurements are accurate to within ? 15 ft.
Horizontal test cell
Blast deflector
Isolated test position
Utilities
Railroads
Steam lines
FIGURE 5. ARTIST'S CONCEPTION OF HORIZONTAL TEST CELL IN THE ROCKET MOTOR TEST FACILITY (item 14, Figure 1).
are similar to ones observed at Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy
and Kemerovo. The function of these buildings appears
to be the visual and radiographic inspection of components
and assembled motors for flaws or deficiencies, as well
as the post-test checks of motors. The rail-served build-
ings, rectangular in shape, contain a high and alow sec-
Dimensions*
(ft)
Length Width Height
tion. All 3 buildings are reverted on the west and south
sides. The structure in the Rocket Motor Test Facility
(item 11, Figure 5) was first observed i`__________ It
measures 180 by 55 feet with a low shed section approx-
imately Ofeet. Although both insepction build-
ings in the Advanced Solid Propellant Facility were corn-
TOP SECRET
tern
No
Function/Description
11 Poss inspection bldg
12 U/I bldg
13 Support bldg
Roof Cover
(s9 ft)
Date
First Observed
25
All measurements are in feet
Date Considered
Complete
During 65 bldg extended on
south end
Dimensions appear on Figure 5
Prob present as early as
Outline of area visible in 0
revetment identified
240 ft from base of revet-
merit to blast deflector
Were present in when first
discernible on photography
Presence of buried steamlines un-
determined untill Iwhen
snow covering permitted obser-
vation of steamline pattern
FIGURE 6. ARTIST'S CONCEPTION OF SMALL ROCKET MOTOR TEST
BUILDING IN THE ROCKET MOTOR TEST FACILITY (item 6, Figure /).
pleted in one (item 24, Figure 3) was
begun ml I the other (item 14, Figure 3) in early
1964. Overall dimensions for these structures are sim-
ilar to those for the building in the Rocket Motor Test
Facility. Item 14 (Figure 3) measures _____y 90 feet
and item 24 (Figure 3) measures
D
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-0-~ Railroad
Road
Wall
- Buried ateamline
--- Cable tray/pipeline
Revetment
Tank
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Items considered camplefe in
Items considered camplefe in
Ifemz considered camplefe in
Items considered camplefe in
ISOLATED TEST
POSITION
21
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REFERENCES (Continued)
MAPS OR CHARTS
ACIC series, scale 1:200,000
DOCUMENTS
1. NPIC.
Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Test Facilities and Probable Solid Propellant Production Facilities, USSR, Jun 65 (TOP SECRET
2. NPIC.
0
REQUIREMENT
CIA. C-DI5-82,973
NPIC PROJECT
Advanced Solid Propellant Production Area, Chemical Combine No 101, Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy, USSR, Jan 67 (TOP SECRET
11212/66 (partial answer)
TOP SECRET
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