NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 7; DENMARK; MILITARY GEOGRAPHY

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CONFIDENTIAL
7/GSIMG
n
Denmark
March 1974
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
0
CGANDEHTIAL
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This chapter l as hecn prepared for the NIS by the
Defense Intelligence, At enci�. Research tuav mob
stantially completed by January I974.-
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Al
M
CONTENTS
This rhapfer supr.rsedes thr military grorraphir
rneerage iir thr CeS,cra Survey load 31t.rch WS.
A. Location and descriptim
1. Topography
3
2. Climate
B. Mi irtV ge re g i ons
8
1. Do;mark
9
2. Facroc Islands
10
C. atrntegic area
D. Intcm-ni routes 12
L. Approachcs 1.1
1. Land 13
2. Sca 1.1
3, Air IS
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FIGURES
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Page
Fig. 1
Location and comparative areas
Fig. 14
Farm buildings in central jutland
(map)
I
(photo),..........
6
Fig. 2
Cultivated plains of central Jutland
Fig. 11
Modern office building in Copen-
(photo)
2
hagen (photo)
Fig.
Flat iarmland on southeni Boriiholm
Fig. 12
Large hospital in Copenhagen
(photo)
2
(photo)
7
Fig. 4
5trcam in southern jutWid (photo)
2
Fig. 13
Village in Facroe Islands (photo)
11
Fig. 5,
Drainage canal in cast central Jutland
Fig, A
Cliffed coast in Facroc Islands
.(photo)
4
(photo)
Fig. 6
Cultivated fields in eastern Jutland
Fig. 15
Copenhagen (photo)
12
(photo)
�1
Fig. 16
Large airfield near Copenhagen
Fig. 7
Heath plains in Kest- central jutland
(photo)
13
(photo)
5
Erik. 17
Rugged cliffs along northern jfitland
Fig.. 8
Dune grass in northern Jutland
coast (photo)
14
(photo)
S
Fig. 18
Variations of climatic elements
Fig. 9
Village in sonthwestcrn Jutland
(map and graphs) jollows
16
(photo)
6
Fig. 19
Military geographic factors (titap)
do
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Milit3*117, Geo ra y
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FIGURE 1. location and con parattve areas (ulou).
A Le>ratiort and dCscriptit>n (U /Oltl) Dcurll:erk iuls an area of apprusiril:llely' 16, 61M
syelare miles. about onc�h:df dw size of Maine� J'igure
D cousistitig of a peninsula and nnrnertaus 11. \�lore Ih:ln two thirds of the (()(.it land area of
islands. l is localed between West Gerilluety and ilie 1)viullurk is in the )iltl:tnd peninsula: '111e retimiriim
SeWJ(.hll.lVjal) l ?Cllil154J1a :llld sevar Ille Baltle Sea tmie third is Co tillil +scd o applmilllotely,50.1 islands
from the North Sea More 141). Imm 1),ommirk: a
uld isletsi Iw( of Illest. isl.l :Ids. sjaelliuld anti l'vil,
lniiitary fomvs Could will rol. nloveuu�nt betwee rl the 6)11111risc Ilearly 7iW of Ilw island :ire�a, Th 1vtlglll of
liallit= Sea uuti lilt Athintic (iceall flliri ilgh Ill tiu't-e 1)emmirk 110rtll S01011; is dW..,ul 2141 aliles. :Intl the
Icngr1115: C.1, blocked straits of the Dilliblk imixiulilrn cast -rest estentc CN(Ilnding Borllhniln. k
.l rellillul:l;cr (Lille l3aeH, Slone li:Terlt;und'I'llrSe nrtdl. about 1511 mifes. '1 lxlpul:llion, about :3.INti,t?Ul is
I'he l-':a,roe Islands, reptusentinl; of fives times that of iMaiue
the land ill tliv NIS elrva, ate in the North rllanlie I'hl Miewe. Iaauds bam�c a hild area of 510 sclua
;lbont b 23 nailiical Iriil N ne)rthwem of Della uk. miles, divided :uuoiig about 20 isiaink 'They Ilave a
111.1" 611111111 IlorIl1 -SMIth extent of :Illmit 70 miles and a
`1 r mn:,rk'isulml 111e j:tlland 1w�nir,sstla, the arlitl.eul 'Allids. 111ati111tn11 710rthe'ISt� ulUthvCSt o xteltl :elf :Ibllnl .+Ei
:Cud the� WAIl l uf.linndlr,lm, 1 laerra, Hljmd, sir,� cesutch-11tsl by miles. I'!14 itlplllilliull is :Ibrill 4t1.41t1ii.
I)r,surerk Iml ary u mlaid,irnlne,u.. Gre c�ttl utd. a f[IIl esrdrr
?i cahnimkimlive. tlivikima tsl De'nssruk, vowpria�c NIS fii; and il. 17ilusin asi� in .latsslr tnilly uuG-v. uulllieal tuilr o,rc
pl:urs fields arc bcsnlercrd by atone fcnihs.
IvinK plains (Figure �l): no stream is more than 100
Grains; iticludi ig barley, oats. rve, alid wheat. are the
rnilcs En. Icnglh;` iist streams am less lhau GO fici:
most t'a #ensircly, planted a roes. I'orr4N Ire e{ my
aide., mill iu:iliy :ire less than 30 feel; only a few are
distributed iii aunt of till couutn; rbarkc�tl.risticaII% ac
More lhau f}(} feet Wide. nulsth' lie-or the innutlls,
rnollltlts. #:onifc'rous er};rrrn plantations.
Streams are mainly less than 3.S feet (lt'a p, but in their
mainly sprats, lire +tjlr about half of the forest area
lower cours,'s areas nrrlelt as fi'to 1[} fret deeli, Thu
alld ptedomiTtale Ill nmtherll .1111! western Jl1 #Cole
x,11( {l't1:a; 1 1!i C:ISterll Jgtan( is tile hiltj;l tit :Ned Iar};f'rt.
IiHla[Ilf':!f deCl dlIU113 forests aftll plantations, ehll`fly
StfC:tiTl 11! I)t'r1n1:![lt ll ]s more than {l( fret Wide an(} W
bel'l'h all[! 1,{)fill� oak, pCl'( 111 L`aS #Cell Jutland
tit 10 fl'Ct deep (lnlr iu its 1a,rrr i'o!I -1 1 llil'strealil }tali
:clad oa late 1sl:nldS: 1'!IL' (iel'11 111(11i5 filrCtitS aYl' ill leaf
a c {cpth Of 3 feet or h'sti 111 the t1i11)eC StrLt(' }ll'S. Lt
}Tet1e n April and flrtrTl[er. Meadows nlYmup' Only
meanders (1t R111!ll a t)t7r)fl [lfaMll'd, Fll'aily flat 'alh'y
sr itall. lreaS. Il(!s{ CYfr1llll(! ill' allHlk4trea111s.111(1iaCillllil}
Tor diul�tilla -s mf lilaty mime we the IN of mum-s: ild t e 1plap
I:ikcs :1ild IhIgSi. NIarN' 111C:1doNa have ili -e ll eslahlis }tt�(l
A 111r. idol IPf 111. OL11111�r.
h% providing arlifici;al drainage, .especially ire the
3
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f,
Ir �rrst nreas of. sontlnce:st Jtttlund. plugs, al'o
comptrising only sttl:tll areas: consist of a thiek. soggy
corer of ,mosses. Heath, consisting,of lout evergreen
sh roil IS. is rntist widely diAriblited ill uortlucrii ;ltd
%vslvrrl Jtrtlartd (Figure i Liar�, tufted gr4isscs
>r�dge:s cLilil J sp iny shriths e- ,ni prisv till s parac
vegetation in the bell rif atld dunis alotl; the nurHtrrn
::reel tyt- .le�rn Coasts of Jttl land (I "igure S).
�1'l1C, sails of Dcrmuuk art� chiefly s;uitly and d: -eft. I rk
adclilioti, there. are e�f:ty mils of considerthle extent.
The grnrtnd in illost of 1)cnnl:trk is prey:iditigly %%e or
enlist during; Noyeiniter litroitgh April; for short
I)Vriods during; this tirlie it is Fran -erg :uid ono.. e,tycrcd,
The ground is. jtruyailkigly inoist or drr, with
ocrasioti;sl wvt -,pdis. thirius, Nhy thrMik"li Outokm lit
two goller:i[, we ;ts hrnrt yen. the state� of the grotilld
Varies little t1jronghotit the ear �in they sand dent.
arras of wirrow coastal plains, chiefly in .yesterit
jatlaad, tlut groorid is mostly dry wid never frozen.
:sitcl itt t1w trnirsh, peat bog, ;Litd ltn�adou� art�as, the
ground is mostly wet, and setft, it is frozen {onl ttear
the surfuee) se venal tiler tilai*tly in 1- it,
periods. during J ;ittu ;srs� tfi ;onglt XLtrcil. Noj ;lresof..
slxnlg; ;ini[ hi "hit' coinptre�ssifile helow the surf;te�e :et
Lill tinit's.
'I'hc Set tlertionI jtatlerts of Den inzirk is charietcriied
ley ntinierous rural villages and farnlsteaels ;tee[ :t Fe�a
I:trt;e urhatl (1-titers. '1'1i rural yillagcs arc most
ntirncroet.; in eastc�rti Jtithitit] ;utd the Inrgvr islonds zi nc]
sre of two general fornis ;t round or oy ;tl tvIx�;uitd a
linear type. The former is c�haac�terived by Itnildkngs
eltrstered around alt open shay� or gfCCn :Lilt[ is
1tn� Ill tttinnni it! Sl ;u Iland, l alster, anti ]tart of eastcnt
Jullaitd; orclinurily thrrt� arc several winding strvets
FIGURE 6 A mosaic of small
cultivated fields interspersed
at random with diminutive
dense forests (background)
constitute the 16ndseope of
qt Of Pop

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evergreen shrub, I to 3, feet
high, with roots that may
pene�
Irate the earth -to depths of 8
feet. These heath plains are
interrupted by areas of sparse
!grass. (U/OU)
'CD
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'4 �i..�
0.I Cdr.. .trtts.
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radiatitig-Arorn the grvell. '11tv linviir type is
Slibstwiti.11IN' built. N I Q, t INWC :!It 01(l- SCV601k With
Clubravivtind by buildings sifung along Illesides of .1
narrow winding streets and closely Spacp(l one- and
single road and occurs ofiell in Fyll. Moll. Loilaild.
two- I story houses. New Sectiolls haVe.. illultistury
Mid solitheasivirnalld 11ortile.morn J11(hilld. Buildittgs
lipartillealts alld lligll-rise office I)t1ildittes (Figure 11),
ill the villages ;tic low and generally elf Mick or stucco
large cortinivrcial and insfitiltioll"il bilild;119" (I.
illid tilliber constnictimi, U'lith steel). gabled. the or
12) are 1\ o f jljoSt Ill.kill Ltrlmii e�tilers. All major.
SlAe roofs (Figture 9). hidividual farinstealls are
iowlls: .11`40 C0111tected by loextensive rowl and railroml
n +i tler(itis VVI�II ill Whvrv.vIll;ktvs are numerous.
netorli a deine nvLwork of secon(hiq Reads affords
CoilArilelion is usimlly htick or plaster a od I i 111ber;
occv%s to AITIOSI '.Ill Vill-.,LgVS, 'l he jittland liviiiiisilla
newer farilish-ads are eshicco (Figiate 10), Stonv
[]]d Illv.islallds ax i tit ervotittected by ferrics tit long
is a conimoti cotisirtictioil, ivatefi'. oil Bornholill. 1
brid gVs.
ft.W lafgc! Urban vewers.tre oil [lit larger i ill
'I'll V Faeroe islands consist of deeply
eastern j utland. [it midition., 11wry are iliany small
di%sected hills alld illuillitaills. Duel) U-SImped valley's
porB, inarkel towirs, and towns al transportation
Cut collipl e Wy I I' hillds.. 'I'llese small
s
jtlilctioll% of icrlllillals: 'I'llere is a
islands are block NeVerii
missive s with Sheer Rick Sides aild ill
lowllS ill l)0FllIC.lSt SiM M%r C'0l)ellIl.LgVll and
111 Cast Flat tolm, glacial Elebris alld otitcroll (4
another groill) livat tile straits. h0wven Fyit acid
k-drock awl boiliden LrC WIM11011. 'I'lle Upland
ju"hirld. D'a1ii4p tirkite (vjiters are uo1llj),LC11V. ',111d
surfaces of the larger islands nit cut by.dvel�,
4r, wk
FIGURE 8. The sand dunes along the
northern coast (shown here) and the.
western coast of Jutland are
*a
Portia 1 stabilized* by low
natural growth of coarse,. sharp-
edged tufted grosses and sedges.
The eirosses commonly occur i n
clumps surrounded by bore
sand, MOU)
x-
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F-
atop
F,iGURE 9. This rural vl�lage in southwestern Jutland is
the oval type, and small greert. spaces �nterspersed
among the houses are common. The houses are
clustered and generally have.two to three stories. (C)
FIGURE 11. Commercial building construe.ion
in the large urban areas shows o trend
toward skyscrapers. This combination office
building and hotel is on the outer fringes of
the con merc �ai area of Copenhagen. (C)
Itighest elevotioit in tltc islands is?,,591 Ivel. Slolx�sarr
tnore thatt :311rs in tlimly p1;,c�es. Lowlands gc.sivrally
:trc aYmfittetl is n:urnc' areas ltcint ru flit� hilt -4or
highlands and Lilt sea :uul arc small.
1)rairr3gi- featteres on the Favrov laatld> tan:isi.etif
sided volle" and have sharp pointed lmaks and uurtterrttts sruall strenins and lakes. Nlot l sirvatos arr
CT,Lggy cull rttuinttaius {�xteeitliug si.vural Itrtuthrrd 5111urt attd "wilt flerwirtg and plirtt>;e te%�e�r tiev steep
feel aitove the geueroI surface". Elvvalions it re edges (if the upkil(k inter c"im;ll fiords and sounds. \o
l erte�r,tlly he itweett I.I]IHl;tltd lAIM feet. hurt attnterents stre;ill is enure Ih:ut ill feel svitle and all are shallow,
lu iks aTc rttare dean 2.0M fet.l :tltort� sr ;t le%�el; 'flue 'Che� rocky or ;ere hotiItler filled.
FIGURE 10. IndivWual farmsteads
r t such as sown here in central Jutland
house the majority of the rural
population of Denmark. The bulld-
:f ir:gs generally are well can
strvcted. (C)
Il
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tJ [lt