NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 32B; SOUTHERN YEMEN (ADEN); MILITARY GEOGRAPHY
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CONFIDENTIAL
32B /GS
Yerne
July 1973
n (Aden)
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
CONFIDENTIAL
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NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY PUBLICATIONS
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WAIAIM.
Th. dst..wawr ,e..y ..rr. &41#4�,.9 .y OW.y ddMN e rw U ��&d the
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CATION sc" Ioul1 of 1 O 11632 f111#011004 CAT100111S
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1 0111004 a C1r1.A1 1141C110G1
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For NIS containing unclassified material, however, the
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Subsections and graphics are individually classified
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tions are:
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This Chapter was prepared for the NIS by the
Defense Intelligence Agenci Research was sub-
stantially completed b March 1973.
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r f fl,r'g9yrrp�xr1 ac,g'3ra
,,.,s
YEMEN Al-
t
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Q
s
FIGURES
Page
Fig. I
Uplands and valleys of the
Fig. S
multistory buildings in -farina
1ladlimmaut photo)
2
photo)
Fig.
Hugged mountains nortlMest of
Fig. 9
1'recipitatio!z, cloudiness, relative hu-
I
3
Fit;. 10
4 Fig, 11
5 Fig. 12
Fig. 13
5
6 Fig. 14
Fig. 1:3
miditr, and .temperatures (,churl)
Aden strategic area (map)
Aden
Boundaries (foble
Hugged mountains along the border
with Yemen (5aii a') (photo)
Amphibious landing area (table)
Military geographic factors
Page
6
i
9
9
10
11
12
g map) f olloics 12
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Aden (photo)
F icr. 3
17emIritic pattern of wadies in: the
1 iadhram -ait (photo)
Fig. 4
Wadi in the lladli m aut lined by
date palms photo)
Fig. 5
're,-raced slopes north of Aden
(photo)
Fig. 6
Sand dunes in nurtheastem dessert
plains photo)
Fig. 7
Narrow road near the Yemeni
border (photo)
I
3
Fit;. 10
4 Fig, 11
5 Fig. 12
Fig. 13
5
6 Fig. 14
Fig. 1:3
miditr, and .temperatures (,churl)
Aden strategic area (map)
Aden
Boundaries (foble
Hugged mountains along the border
with Yemen (5aii a') (photo)
Amphibious landing area (table)
Military geographic factors
Page
6
i
9
9
10
11
12
g map) f olloics 12
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I_1 �:tJ 177::1 _F9 tItI:1bI:G [:3 ilaeliiit; tl!
till- It tl Sr.t .Llltl 1114- I't�r,iait (;i lesnt�ti tAtlt 1
iarlllclr the ,trategic�allr to att�tl island of I'rrim.
al+ich lio. in lilt- %trait ill Kill [�I Mallilf.b.: katilar:ni.
n'1sit!li i� in Jilt- lilt ltc�a.Sli�nl pail of 1114- Ilia tier:
Sslcl,lr:t. nitic�1s li4- c�Iticc it, tlu� Mom ltf Mrk -.m. mid
w1wr ,ritall island �grclap, t the Military Cvil;rapllie
I.actrtr� \Ialp at the curl of till- vlsaptcrt. TI1c� r[lnnt" is
alnml {i.3il n+ilr, Il,ti cull t, Ili nicllh frnnt 25 Itl �itl
milt's. 0114 has an arra Of IIIJI0tl
till.Lrt' hill' It i% :lltt llt llll� /c lltl� stall- uI Ari %nlla
and i� +ntl% �parsuk inll:,4,itl�sI n itll a p[+prlla01 fit
alnlnl 1. 5550)0.
I. T41IN1gra1)Ity
'I'ltr !t�rmiti tYln�i*t> [+l a n ill� Ilaral 1 +f Ilat- Isl;ll'll�tl
hill, anti ruz-itrd itimintaiw. flanl,ed h,, rlarr c
I1laill, ill slit� '1111111 -m"A and P \Wll v tll�,l-rl lllairl ill
llle c�cnlral anti itih�ritlr.cctitln
N 'l)'LLIIH'e'. JI+' I+l `t.1 +1,11' Illllx" fll,ll Il.ltil L['sl 1Ril" .lit'
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/9 �:t ta] e _!�9 f'Ib1~ILII:li [e3 /_a: IIZ EIIILI /:ZIIIIIYIIIZ bIIIIY'i
The hills and ttlourlluins tgem1311% ;I re 209) to
50H) fort ill Ot-vution and corer alt area ,pout 630
miles lout; and .50 to 150 miles n itlr. Mus of this arva
is 11lc 1LI(II :omilit figure I )..t imizc (if flat -to p)v(I
(rills :Illd siutious ridges dissected ht :Irl iltlricate
tietaork of winding 17:11- Tilotfom l valivys. gullies. and
drels emiyonc. Shlpesare grurr:tlly less thaa fU "c ,lolls;
vM11-y hoftmm and nit the flat hill and ridge top.. hid
:ere coti:Lmordy greater than ;MV, ;don% most -:diet
Sid+s: MAIL V;llttt111S and 1111ieS Irtve ucurly
perlwiidictilur walls. lulls ajal ridge lop. are geiwmIIt
.;Ilfl to LIM CA-0 ,Lore adjacent v;dIvy biltbtms except
,brig the northern edge of -the li:ulhr:tmaut. here
the dissection is less severe. Kill releky ulc
(Figure in discrulfinuntes r:ulges lnlydrr most tl( 111v
,ottt �,roil and western IIadhrtivalrt. El v%- Il'iuns
gelttrmllp range from 309) to h.IIIN) fel:, ;old the
+utti nits are gener:i �tecrl ?.IXXI alul,t ;,(llk) f4�t�1
ahliwc adjaivvllt volll�ts :old eo:lstal lovhuld simill
areas
(if eoastal pl ;iins. from 5 to ,boat :311 lodes wide.
border the momit:lins. '('hest plain :err :Shit to
modemk -ly di in phwvs, they are hiterrtlpted
It szmd dunes, boulder fields, lo%% hillocks. acid
scattered arias of ro igh lavu -.ml lo volc:odc tithes
amI arc c�ut l, wadies tlim hate hanks as high as 54)
ft�rt, haltfar:m and h -rim Iskin(IN primarik ;let� flat to
gcutly nolline plants. Si Nild a[ljaca islaml
grotiltS art� C11.1materixed lit roggetl hill, ,till
itlott,IlhlillS ;(lid w1frtl 1�, dIK'+lotllttiolis cow"lal llhitll
The hills "Ild mount.lins are draitwd hr ,,dies Illm
li.we developed Etilrit,Mv de�ndritic lrlttcrus f i'igare 31.
Most %,(lies (Third loward dw sea_ allhou:h a fesw
empty illto fl;tt lruiIIS itt file in3.erior drse.rt..plahv.,
(4etic ally tlr%. the wallies earn 'aterotily aflrrhruwt.
mills. vhcn thug maw he torrents. Wmli ila)r" is the
cool) pert�ltuial stream in the c�otil:tr). W.idi
Ellie immt, ovl�r ?tq), miles iong anal u�ilk ivorr.tllan
M) Mlles of (6611t:lrw vAlcys. is flit! largest drtiimige
s1k'shsm in Yenit�ts t:V100. lit its middle votme. W.ifli
ULtdraillay. is about -1 miles wide atul #1:15 scaltisrt�d
:ucas of tidtiv ;INN rt1~et;ltion aruf tllailt vilkevs
hunfi�rittg the sides ol'Ahe wash floor, C:irltiv ited crops.
dale liahns (F i 0. sc�rtih, aatl grasses litre [1Ymy
wallets iii lhr soul tiwt.aem hills atltl utttuntains.
'For clim OR IcLitry� t1arlH .4 lbe ii +l tit ri:uat'� IM 11 :r alcr:at
clt lIH� Mililarl t otilzralstlis� F.1010s Nla =l ;hill 014 m.lp it.Plf.
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FIGURE 1. A large part of the rugged highlands consists of flat- topped uplands deeply
disectecl by numerous winding� ff6t� bottomed .tidies. The upper valley walls are nearly
vertical and most of the lower walls have slopes greater than f5%, comrastirl j markedly
with lho dearly level, 6 inost featureless upland surfaces, where slopes are lesi lfion 10%.
The wadi "shown here is incised 400 feet below the upland surfaces. (C)
I_1 �:tl 177: _1; 9EIEI: ILEI: h[ 3/_ a: IEZQEIEf LEf /:lEIEIEYEIEZbIEIEYi
IS] 1 L 4 1 (VIN It1% lit jhii [lf, .Il trfl Illll�itlt's .trlil
111U1 F lt11 yltip,�-['NfII:UIt +Efl;l iltli�fl_ Ie1t:iC,v
lrri lflainl;ioli autdd Il :n�i� ;l rrl;tli elr linifnrnl
effeci. oil .ptilil:ary lilot-'ratioils. I [ilia Awn- .wtlralil Im
iqurkt'd iliffero�tice� i,t ills� rc�eii,ira,
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ral
9 O
Qom
AD;N RiYAN
10 }t tom^.. i0
OL
j d
t
1iMAAAI 11MAM /JASON
IESS MAN 07! INCKS
AD 0*1E
I
D
1fMAM11ASQN
MEAN MONTHLY MCIPI ;'ATION (INCHES)
MEAN. ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES)
ADENIf(RORMAKSAR WAN MUAI'RIS +f+f OD
ow
60 DDDd 60
410 T 'AD 60
70 20
11 0 0
1fMA4JAASOND:+ 0FAAMJ'JA110% 1 1, 11ASONP1
ADEN,KMOaMAKSAR EIH MUKAIRIS
10 H AN j`J 0 j 7' ")q 1001 t 1010
Rod 1 1 06D7 i .1 s o I i w 1 I
40 j;' j$$jjf 40
204
IFMAM1JASON61 JfMAIAIJASOfJDJ oAM;JASONDI
MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITf At SPECIFIED HOURS (LST)
MEAN: CLOUDINESS AT SPECIFIED HOURS (LST)
1 ARSQLUIE MAA+MUM
>uEAN DAILY RMAAtmum
MEAN DAILY MINIMUM
IAIIIR �LIFE VINIMIAAI
TEMPERATURES (`F.y
dA /MSN'
120 Y-
wo
p
M1
!O f 1
40j. t`6 I i t
I EIM. 6.770 fi.
IFMAM1JASONI
EAfy, 3.0001f..
FIGURE 9. Precipitation, cloudiness, relative humWiry, -and Temperatures. iulOul
7
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1. SouthwesIvn1 lfighlands
I'Itis regimi is prvd Ill lillaIitIt hill. and Elluin Ulill,
thai parr rot >;cd surfaces, ;1 sparse vegetation t'Uyer.
.1titl feu� roads. 'rite ci(v o :Bros and several large
towns are yit }kin list- region.
\lust o f the region is poorly suile'tl fur large�-caie
coiivvnlionaE gromid operations. Crioss -c mnlry
111tivenU�Ilt amild lie severely restricted by rocky slopt's
ill the luoonlaills. steep -sided valley sides tits
lladhraninut. alld by (IUttrs, hotdders, ane} mv;ts of
rollg lay.t on harts of tilt dis :o11ti1iunus co :lstal
Main,. Vehicular cro-s- volnktry moveinerit nukd lu-
lilnit!rd to stnall, flat nwas ill the cozotal lsl;lim and.
exceia after lovavt mills, narrtm rilltliog .ath
hottotns in the Iladllramaut.. 0ilrmid tlteh
ronld hr limited to roads. which pri tnariii art'
in t }1e� st. 0mv sleru half ul' the ret ioa. Although the
pritscilml roads :ire tuo /voles widt. mi hav
bituminous or gravel silrf:lces. 11kovet eltt %vullid lee�
slove(l itl In.mv lilacvs In sharp carves :old slurp
>;ra: n ft' v c �ast :il villas es. "three
Nattily !leaches line tilt northern ,old tves!em c,las1% o
Socotr:l; exits are most/� lit' travk,.
1)ess.�rt Plains
�I'he rcgie.n is cliaraclerized lit broad. flat to
disseclee! duseft Plains. a Lark of (eveloped!
tr :ttisp(rt;tliiill fat ilitles, etrrtnr Iv limitcc{ rater
,ui>plies and arirse� %egvtatiou. The rek;ion is h: 'U'd
It: �tit' i ;uli .&Kliali-of :5aikili Arabia.
\li;l
o 'fist' re's:iou is .li;oil}' stiitccl for vrottm,
ipera;iau ut :aargt spa }i� conre�titinual fnret+. frns-
vo lstir titioetrir[lt kclicrell+ ;r: itlld he;viv ft r Leing
dirt traces, :icr lit avly flat rocky ;ini! rage (h'+itrl'ates
htit'i`tiu}r! >e'tiilfirlrIt ill the +en I` di-sectre are:-
lj.kerut 4, iltt. his;hLIIItk alttl I I iluil ;beat ;11611)), {lie:
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b0rdt�r %ith S011 di :lrabt:t" F%isli It'
rOiUe, oertis-, !hr
rettioi are limited to a ft-%% backs and llaih-
fhrslstorms oral c4lieds 0f ([list mired Ii% nsw%ism
%t-hicics wotahl Iirnit vkihilih. Ill most urea% 0f flat
plains, roads (�(sale/ lit- construc�led riot f�tirl% goo
fuund:itio11s. mtrsth. uure'.Irictt-d :Ilignuivilk' slit;bt
ill
gres and p title curve.. Elst-be e rn
re, 0nstcliein
%0uld lot- severely res! rielcd by ,aid dtint-s atscl
disxcted anal. Cunstr11ctio11 materials l:cnerall% are
available. hilt a lurk of wmer in ttlusl pliers wrid
extremely high (emperalnres are major construction
prublrms. Possibilities fur cwltecoinrent front air aid
gronud 0bx rvalioi arc� limited Some
(^tncealiru�tit faun gro ucl observation ,Inc! c0vcr from
flat- lr:tjectury fire vu01d be available 10culh Irwin
said tlunes amt sleep sided :relics. Cover and
coieeali it'll t I;e�tie�rAiy muld be 11o11e\islent ill the
exterisive Irravd- covered plwins. �'lit� region is Illostly
nmuited for the emistrtiction of eindergromid
instAkti0os. 0111'.lri4etiwti of titrencl -type instwilatiull-,
11111(i hr restricted by inadeipiale ovt-rhead cover in
Inosl of III(- rVI ioti wio by rmst:dilc rock i0 :meats
adjac�cnt it) (he highlands. 13unkcr c- otOructiori willild
be limited Ily shallow or Irust:rhlc sails alit; 11' s:uld
dunes. Rirukers coild he cwnaruelcd in part of the
n -giou, mostly in the north. %Ater( soil� ,rrc stabie and
drainage is good:
Comlitiwns are unfavorable for :tirmobile will
airimme (iperiliuns ill decf)ly (list ctcd :Ireus u(Ijact�nt
to (lie 16- 111ands aid ill sand dunt�s ulolig part 0f III(
hitcrior border of the plains. \I:inv site�-, siiitalle for
p;imchute drops and l;uidiligs 0f bclicrsplcn :ue
:n'ailable in scattered areas in tilt- north. but :i lack of
rater, guar cover Mill Viliure:iIMNIt. high suuuuer
tcntperatires. mid pe riods of restricted visibility would
make operilions difficult. The few sepamled
airfields ill the reO011 constitute Idditioi:d sites mtel
could :Iccruntnndalu :iss(iult -lrpe aircraft. I:I1 e
airfields could lie Mill in parts of the uorihern section
FIGURE II. Aden occupies the
nearly level surfaces between dis-
sected ridges forming ,n narrow
promontory lulling from the south.
em coast. Aden is the chief part
for the country as �well as for 'the
entire southern coast of the Arabian
peninsufa. iC?
of /ht- Wi;ieut" %beet- Imm(kilions are firm. liltiv
+;raditttr atudd be rectuirc(!, appruat hcs ticnt-rtll
uuld be uurestrit�led, and ctin-,lructiuu malt-ri:ds,
ewept for atcr. gt�nt-ralk :ire vailabit�.
TllV Wgietn is 1111sirited frir irit-pilar lurce itlse�rttimt�
because cif pntir cone�t-: isivo :cli! :ui almost complctc
lack of t:itcr, fwwel.:itul shvltcr nialt-ri:lls ;1lthtiogb
irn� �tdar farces c�uuld more art foot easil} in nuts/ of
the wg -ion, vo mi Ainent from airohser%a(iun wottfd he
Iwckin .:ill conct-olmcnl I'rOOi ground 01,scratiuri
:111(1 ether fatal flat- trajector\ fire %%wild 1w available
0111% ill the .l�Issectcd .rcas atljuc�ertl to tilt- hiubl:mds
:nit/ in s,.md duucs ulvwig part� of the bwrd(-r m ith Swidi
Acihia. Sustenanve is s encralk nn:n:tila)h�, Mull taws/
of the� n-gion is nuinbalritid. Supplies c0nld he
cibtairrcd %ia airdniln alines% ever -lwrc.
C. Strategic area (C)
The strut -ic .trra tFivire 101, eI IC( ul INN ssiIIg Ili-
(it\ of :ltlerl (1-1i, irt- I I i antl thus towii of little Adett
Road i Shaykh'Utwin
sown
Asa 3m k (aiding berth
t Wrhetd Madinat;
ash Sha'b-
Q I 2 3 3 O
Stis;kmdes
Ade
rr
FIGURE 10. Aden strategic area iCl
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Mill/ divir emirolls, l� (Ill (IIe.(littlmvY tt-rlr c�oa�t� neat
th(� norm. slraits Ivatling to list- heel sea. %derl t tt}i :3
cstilnot'd popwlutiosl 150AMI is the c� :I1WA. a
Imnkvring lxirt, a chief trzmsshiIment alit] ell.Irit it) it
cciiIrr for thr 4r )III ILvrll Atahiatl I'l�Ilinsn[a :tile]
nordw.stern Africa, lilt/ the sitr of .ererd Inilit;lr%
illstall.11ions. Its hunk role zinc] entru tut tracts�
ltzr'e diminished comidemIlI siucc 1967. %114-11 ill�
c�it% ras. clt :tlt .1 dollbks hlo ailh the closirt; of the
Sliez C:alsal in jtii� list;' the withdra%%;iI cif till- Rritisls
from :Ida its l7s�c�s�rnher..1 lark inivrnatiomil airfield
is Io aled intiu�dizltl-l north of the timin built -op
Urt';l. (.hilt Advil (196.5 estimated puptilaliuu 15,I910I
has it t a�trole�tcnl purl. wwrol slot It v; irt%is for crwdc oil
and refitied pctrolcurrt p rodrlc�is 11tat tame combinecl
capscit of m vr T o million harrek mid a re fim�r}. 111c
fefimIr. Whic�It is one of the major instAlallosl, of the
strategic area. has a throwaliput oil' 11()jli)()
h.irrels of ci'udt� oil per dM,: at pmscrit. it i. oltc�ratin"
Do Internal routes (C)
The hilernal routes (Nev the map the (-till of the
ellapter It.rmido the easiest aemu s of mole :neat
het �eels the I.tild apliruln�hc, front Yviiicu (Sari a
and the strutcs;ie urea. The ,kinpliji lollti area
provides direct access to Ilse straWgic� aria.
The mutt� comicethig the ipprmic�li froth
1�t�11 (S;ni a 1, to Advil enls,es rmt;s�ed Itills lost([
In01111taitts Mid dissected coastal plaits. The route
colltain. a Iro -latie. parlk gnirel aid paid,
bit utninun5�surfuced roan] in good condition: Illert�zrre
III tmcrous .h arp corrs. \l(J�c�inctl( ronl(l It( slo
after he ;i�r rains h sljl)l)(-r% surfaces aif %%ashoul.,
aiid traffic could lik stopilvd al tunes b} "voter in some
wadi". N.irrom�, wincliiig streets thmngh scattered
settlemviets are polcitial hottlencc -ks. Conditions for
FIGURE 12. Boundaries (U /OU)
A rI�ll t 1 AT r:
Ito W O N I ratty U M' 1Cr.TUN
Miles
1'rsnrn fan'ti
400 Switlewedern onr- thir(I drfirumI it tit l tic�-
nrlrrrslvfl; retimindcr midetinvil. Unfurd-
fi(4I vXro'lrt for rrtins of a few arlrlr�rtt
Ititld- WAII41 farts.
tindefinrd stud unforlificd.........
Sumli Anthill I� {i
tiffroad disper.:ll anti cro..� /untrm ItIMI- ssu'llt ;ire
t;ener :ill tnitlr tit Ilri'llltt'd IIV(':lil.t of sle slo m i d
ruck surface..
.1. lit roite connt the approach friou I Liril).
1 einerl i :ul'a I. to %Cllltl i� ai�r