NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 32B; SOUTHERN YEMEN (ADEN); COUNTRY PROFILE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NIS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP01-00707R000200100017-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: October 25, 2016
• Sequence Number: 17
• Content Type: REPORTS

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For centuries the remote lrication of Y emen (Aden) I
on the southw-estern fringe Elf, the Arabian Peninsula
kept it apart frorn'the mainstrearn of deverltaprnents in
the Arah world. Toclav`lts isolalitn stems from the es-
ixllesal shy its, governing `utinnul Front of a shrill,.
leftist Political extremism that' it is :rtternptin to ex-
txirt to tile other Arah states: (U /OU)
Yemen (Adent exist.. in a harsh and iffstile'
tiient: rlltlioogh the colmtry 6 slighti'y larger than th e
State (if Oregon, only about I of its land is arable.
Cultivation if crops is linlited ill oases, scattered area.
in n}cl` riverbeds, splits whe water can he drawn front
wells or cistvr=ts, and in the valley area knowri as the
iludhranlaut. vegetaiiim generally is. sparse, will)
shine scrub and dwarf trees growing at higher
elevations, (U I O U)
Ccographicalk the c'(unitr� can he divided into four
region.: the cousial` plain, tile: southwestern highlands,
the ea,teric plateau, and th e northern desert: The-IA-I'M
stretches alone; the court forsook+ M) miles. varying in
width from l mile to almost 30' Its length is hrokeil
alluvial fall,, deposits of dry riverbeds or'wadics; [n II,e
eastern portirni there art: lava flouts from extinct
volcanoes. Farther inland in the *cstern part'. of the
country there is a inountairious region, which reaches
elevations of 13;(XX) f etal, cut by devil valleys affil
wadies, Fast (If the dissected inountains is a high
plat: a div1dvd by a great valley known sieve anti(ltli-
tv as th IIadhraniaut. The broud, tipper and middle
parts of this valley contain relative fettile z.Jlu viurrr
deposited by floixl aters, making the area one of the
fea Yel liell (:Bien) capable of supporting
agriculture, 'l he Driver part of the valley, whi& wriK
south to t1w (Yeast and the Indian Ocean, is barren and
1111ii0labitable. North of the Iladhr.imaut is ill( desert
region, air extension. (if the treat Rub 'al Kllali
Isiriph� Quarter') of Saudi Arabia: (U /OU
"Thriniglioul this Genera[ Snrvey the 1Y4sp1t s Donoxrutic
llepniilir elf 1'riat +11 tE'.I).ft.l'. }is hnexeIt ai 1'tuicu tAdt di�.
tint tii.le like- trnigtrt' [14111( its n11r1liero neightaer. Ill- 1 :Irate
Rirp ildicr (Y,A.R;) e1r 1'emer1 f5uii a 'E'lie yter'virlilwi t elf Yenum
(Advil) ill till- Sufwv i calhsl the I' DAIN'. arld the 11m1ple are
kwowso Ye111011k,
f1i >lurieglll Ilee NAM101 11 edit elf till- Arabian Penin +ula, uow
divith-ti iutu Ile� Pr ply s pelnacratic Iit�pulolic u[ 1'eine11 will the
Yq -eueo Aral) Rep ildie, wa, lsrtlkcn ititt, lrihal %takh. 'i'Irc prt�xml
dici %ion of the area efale freent.l 3') islii a the Admi,
>uh.egtieritly ehhttl Wit-d trraly .n latiuil�liiiiv w'4111 neadiv Irilial
A.Iltw, and in 1963 furnievf tile A-dcraliun cif Smith Arabia. At the
lino� elf iudip-nde-mv ire teevr:n 196 the emoutr ce:i% c illeti the
tti.iple'c I;rpulilic� of Srintlieru 1'en1(-11. loaf lilt nuuir W;0 charilte -11 lu
flit. 1 Utnitrerrnlic� IirFwhlie elf 1'enle11 :vchett.lhr ce11rv1i1Vtinn
wa% prFetaulgateel ill \uveeul>,�r 16470:
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the Long
CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100017 -7
In ancient dines, the ,nlitholl portion of the Ara
Iliall I'olil sllla; a Svtltc of highly prized fn l nk inc cm e,
IIlly and t r a d ed 'ith tilt' Centers of ciriliw-
tioii scattered aroulid `tile eivot littoral of t
Med itoratuvan. As Fppt. Gree Bubv and Persia
sought ,these slakes, a rnun}mr of king0onts arose i e the
area that is tiow occupied by Aemen (Ade1) ana
Yemen tSan'a':) The earliest such state� elating. From
t he lath btur B.C. --%vac the Minaean hirlplot11
whidi eXtelldNI a- .far north as. the�' preseiit' boTEler
betwevit Jiiidart and cmudi Arahia and as far cast as tile.
lra(ti�!Saudi Arabian liiln }cr. The Nfinaeans were
overtheoirn about IM B;C.. 1)\.: Senitir people., the
Sahaeaus, lios�e �lt;ingdom of siiba reac�hcd even
greater heights 6f p&l yr f6ii ilia the'Minaeart empire..
r1 li(xlple iritli a hii;ll level of culture, the sail carlslrft
numcmus moninnents and inscriptions scattered
thilul;hmt 1'encew the .wealth :of the rumarchv is il-
lilstrated by the (iliac tities of ;nl(l, spices, precious
xtune.N, to(I' .a(li,(i "`that S }ielia one of the Sa ba( -all
gllrclls gave to Solomon, awarding, tie flit First Bikik
of itiill ill tilt Bible: I.ikr tlicir prec}e ssor.. 'the�
For il'eacriti- am nilmn we flit- li"t of ImuteN 4 +11 (lie apron
..f 11141 tiuniiaar Map and f6r map ihrlf.
111101!01 IW the signing of supinemcntai treaties gran
ting.thern informal administrative powers. After Work]
War IL as 'aria w', national iib erntiolr movements led
their contltries to) indrilentience from the United
Kingd(im, l.,ondom uw, facet} with irtereascd'_pressure
fro i the Arab world to turn liver politiw1power titi in-
digellous clemelits,
H N'. i�e I nane� (if the �mall principalitivs in thv sout
}lilt-! }).et'tl lnd pelf ent sillve the Ist evilturv, tilt
Britis Gorertiawnt rejected div stand of, the Y(Inelt
(Sail a') Co h at Advit an(Fthe sue ,!ounding
,rrea �:lr� 'o0 cupira 1'eitlrni tcrritin" :and ,helllld.lx
returncxl to its "cwelit roil Thi B ritish i}rcidecl,ilvteJ to
treat a unitary state to rc�itlac(� tlle.cxktill 11atC'11wo
of lIc Cron n
cc It of `Aden anti file �'ariolls tipes Ihl'rseritori t ii(� or
ac olloit for Ilt'ali l hrt'a��fuuith% of thl. Cafill� of dw'
11.ident, dt fl1'tl! tltcir h (�liluaotl f;a,rn ,t f i('t'?
1 11A. iltalli\lrla! IrllllllF
Twa Differ ek M Olds 6,
e
Ee
fi
Tr
u'�.' -'C i �i.
'.M
1 77
R'
t .E, "yam in`
ildew kortiw
�rduxra! riltrayr
i !1( c(Y)iioii diffit 'llhit' I,t lial !'fl i;[i \1`r11711t'rlt
:tiff iTl :Irl tha',h li y tl f: E ht S[iC ".11 afrt;ii111 /:lti(itl of thi'
it i(e.'tinI ItrcaIf ufftct(�ii tilt� (nuittr iis a whol(. ft,r
ie,uiitrr; lmoril-'i% It. Iitlun:lil+ iirt'!t !o tht i iI vrv
7sul''1drn auid`iltr It 1 's:fcw "i,tllEr(ttu� Itu't if
to tlIV (lu:iaizr of oIi'ii r,
rat>pirit s i)f a "iltu (IV ni (i'orinriiic >\aciu I h( Ciit111ft1
Ovi o Ih[ -.1; l)ralcI` t,' o irl }):lliai rt�itifor(l d" k
ilf r.:ril ir(�:1s''cori,ltits lart;cl of arli i,tciic r farriiiit>~
lht ph tit( ll ihar.lct
071 Ittisre iietive CAIII paig II rtes suh�ert t I
Coenuncilt, Iiilt otht rS +ou}il )refer lit gotlating tlic
differences lit'to, welt tlic two 6m titries. 'I ierr.has.alsi
4m tt .t'�trits;} lc for power }nt`ce tlt6sv �Ito advocate
cven,rnore rcitiiciil tloteirsti Iinli6v% than itxii l)ecm.
y;irrieMl ,iitE utttl tht t};m Iti-NtS who a go-'
.itti' �,c The F as :i remilt line l)eete torit l a serics
`..trclparty conflicts, ;last leacher h:i 'e� maintained
sam b ase o,f power diti�ii lhv4: se�esk st n gg Ies� gild
it
thert tllut alle I' will continue to
hi,, I iii ihsarmy' for the foreseeable fntitre:
MIllottgll tits P.D.R.Y. blis }hedged itself to ur -,iott
w t the :Eieit;lthcritlg 1't nen ;1ral) Rrptshlic !)y C)c
ti,ber `I 9; this seeins W be ;kit illusE)ry.:nld'largOv mt-
attuiria}yk gyal.: miinbriilt;cable ideolss:icul gap c ,tiists
hi'twee n the cenlll' r ':tlive >;overnillelit ill S jt :ind
Adcii's Marxist r.t;inte, and even within the NF there
is carasiderable clivergenct .es to htii merger shmild
he A ill plcitiented. l:t:orunnically tlx're is little to he
[Iv%pite tht lrasicalls tmtsrn�ati'c- ti:ttilTe of YCI)lcni
n ine�,ol the tm,(I
gailiki by itriificutioll. since the t-c m
11
sucieh�, -the \1�' has. itn�li able to snake some -oci:d
enlzntriis arc rnrt coitttilegielliarr_ `I he principal
changes. The class strurturi' of the voilntry -has been
eciinottlic lief �antat;c. of tlee mergcr would appear to
substantially tmodified'in the past 6 cigars- `�7'hi ali+ii)m
}rc the sa�ing of fntlds:ricn spent om border e:trf:uc
fetidal S"fenl.of stiliatis, emirs, and sbeikhs'vho ruled
and the improved prospects for increa.e 1 furcigm
its the briistis' petty statt's hat's: been Imiken dnwti b
aAstance if pt ace prevzils.
tic ri:etion of kind. amd the policy
cif distributing land toLAIte lellslints.11i s lt:ici. an iampor-
�00
tint li�clinl� effect: [:Itan;es in iitrsoriai fymiily'
n iuttl'r; I di.�.)rcc and th status of ncniu m..i'ill.:
r61tlirlg becatise pen ac c,inflencc iF
I I v slow ill of
the lslanlic rcliiorl.:lticrmpts,tr +f;runt tcntuie`equalit
bare hVell oplx)secl: lit' ill Wg,o` enttlierit groups.
fritrrnai dissidence i mot (ikely,to be a real threat to<
the t�ciltral isat rt)utent:' :lthougb'` there e rc' a
nal ttivr of ill) risitlg% iii rural ;areas iii the late' lll(i0's
(hiring the };in�ernme,lit s land reftrin tile P. R
A maintiii gc) cri ncttt wilt rol tlt rtit1 9 t o
ill(, country. The for risureci inui -ency cam
paigit liar Hitt tltreatericd the NF regimc either. 1' le
anti \F forces are`liclt�cl al=tl'ail! rrobabh rtitttintic.
tu he for ottie tune iii canic'herattse of thedcsirc of
ea e'I: 1;rtlell) tit t11Un"I'Mo IZe J)o idea'' l acer fqr itself, if
V nd �lii'm the \F "is'.o%ert}iririrn. "1 hat chattgc`: of
gin'c earns nt tlta, do,ocretr, thcreforc;'art lilki�ly tco come
from ti itlun thi' N 'itself
,ltm s from the.!clti tht Ur v, to "power in
J9 rii, its leade h as been the o o k6rdrlg flit
tuns: "C)ne I)iine,iif ciintcntitin Itas lkeel ,w ltithcr
party slit lw)k to }'eking or. ioscc) feir icieolflt;ical
l
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De cember
N I:I' name it to National front (N' V), on the tit 4a1y
that tits ".liberation" had already hevil ueeotap6bwl.
1970
Not�rmber
f'untitntinq i protttsdgated. xtnl tln' country's name i-
cleuts;c(j to tlir 1'41ople'a I)1�a1Nlt'rtlti[' Hepoblie of Y4-meu
1971
Pre4dent _11i bey;inr isapleuaetstiBig Maoi.et pulieie and begin,
fur slit first tithe tt, aKyert hi u11010tity ill, art ultinsxtrly
SIRTe 4111 power struggle aitlr N1' reietary GVIA'rsl.l-ru;a'il.
August
i':sisinet .Autkrup revolt, iu the rrpiacenaent Of 1'rirre %Ijt&tur
N1101 Mnmit41 'Ali flstYtls:wi by 'Ali Nasir Mulumsraad llu ani.
197_'
\Fred
Fifth NF :,park rangrers fimber the aeciidmrwe of
I'residesit. Al'.z NF faction aver the fae.tion led by Imli:j1I.
(larlabcr
.After yetinc of q)ONLd �e border N:irfatre. with Elie 1'emett ;Crab
Itelrnhliv (Y.4%.It.l, ;oils inluiedigte �y following ;t tnajur
Mireiili in September atill Oetolwr,, th( 1'.l) :It :1. anti the
:11p) hil :Es mvinew providing for imitieiiiioo within
I roar.

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s l:.1 r
Area Brief
LAND: (UIOU)
Size: I 11.4101) sq. uti,
UNC: (btl. about Ina arable (sit wliiclt less thus half cultivated)
PEOPLE: (UIOU)
Population: 1,555.000
Elknic compoa.hion: Mostly Arab with prrdorrainantly patri-
arehal tribal orgaoixnuion; in the trxamnl :area also Indiatlr.,
Africans, Nliduy's, 3ornali+
Religion: Islutn; prc(1001inaritly 4u1111i
Health and :sanitation: I'Etur send rudimentary
Literacy: Probably no higher than 10`x:,; Mica 3:7' ieet.t
Language: Arnhic
GO EWCMENT: MOU)
Legal name: People's Democratic ]tepohlic of Yetuen
Type: Republic
Cipital: Aden
Political subdivisions: 0 province
Legal system: 1970 con uhition provides for supreme
i :.mll s Court as highest juelichil organ; no constitutional
provision for Shtria cxpurt tetra hilt still functioning
branches: headed by Preshlential (7ouncil, elected by
People's Snpretue Council (1 1970 Can*titutiun pro
vides for elected 1'z(', but electlitas not yet Iteld; t'rvAdantiatl
Council, INC, and Council od 'Ministers controlled by single
tegaal political party, N F
Government k%dew Chairtaan of i'residantial Council,
Sxlint Itulwyi 'Ali: frame Minister 'Ali Nasir Mohammed
rl ilusaul; N F Secre[arr C:onvial eANI Al- Fatt;th Istna'il
Political parties and leaders: Nutioual Front (`F). only
Ivgal party; C'onttnuniA P.IrtV :utd lia'th Party aliowed to
operate and given rcpreaentalion in government, but both
of ralnor Agnificant-v
Member of: L =:N.
ECONOMY: (S)
GNP: $1611 ntiltion (1972); ;about 3K10 ls�r spits
Agriculture: (:ill out.Siile of Aden) cotton is 11min Bash crop;
vi-rinds, dates, itat, tubarco, mid livrstoek: growing; fishing
industry; large arnounts of food trlltst br import A
49: OS
Oman. GUU of {gn1n......... 4.........
I)u
iR lm
Al to 6idi (Iriflllf drfR;
14 20:
4i W.
1't'Cinl (t xflUtd) I
1'2 To
i:3 :!5
At0iih...
14: 31
1!i 3Q.
1'cr filln,t:Ulf (gnlfl.......................
l l0
.11 00
Ambian *ea (xca)
1 U[!
71 13(1
Qa' laliuh
113 51
41 42
Axh. tihihr
14, 44
49 351
Radfgiit
13-30
�13 ii
.1d it'id
l4 :'h
ag :i_'
11a's al' larih:..........
1.2 .1S
1Fi (11
',1iiFq
11 33
111 38
Ra'1: 1larF/dh (painO.....................
1'2 {ti
41 :i41
AthT hunittyr
1:3 31
4.1 42
w
Ra':: burtak (t1Prn3)
I5i ;t
5 15
1t 'Pawahi.......
t'2 47
14 511:
Ra's Wiliuff (point) I.4
15 (141
At T urbah 4....
12, �141.
�13 :30 Z ia'ss'imrntt
(heer,flun,t)
1_ 1.1
14 13
Audhuli S61titnute (irrrridcperrd1'r1l sultonuic):
14 20
46 '12 L
R" Seu: (s (l)
2 (I(1
:35 00
ixlanja heir.
I :i (17
4S :3
�dub. Hl XNAL l {udi Arabia (dcxFrt).......
'20 00
8l OG
ltah e!`N1inde!} fAfrnil)...............
12:3{1
13 2(i
Ilal lh: Oman...
17. IJn
54 (ill
13ltliiq,
15 i9
45 '':3
yan' A it
15 2
44 1
Ht Ta..ahl ho
liaridil, r p)
1 '2 �113
44 5i
1 �tl{iFI:
11'
13 1
l'3H)'llan al_.Q]oat).........
34, 13.
45.41
`ahaykh' L thntan
!Y 5'2L
1
G ratF!r.
4t1
45 !!2
*h1i}$inl.
i'r 511
1 3K
I) thinit, titn {r -.of.( emidc odrnf rtorc).....
f1`
13.,ifh
Iti [131
hu'ttyli
'�f 5:3
:r .,7
13hafar, Ulnan'.(region
17 t1j)
54 lh
4 ni �tra(txf fiJ).
iLF a(}
'11.11(1
FH1hli.Sul:atinte (r