NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 36; PAKISTAN; ARMED FORCES

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CIA-RDP01-00707R000200100008-7
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October 25, 2016
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 1' APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 ,.M..- xm�...e :.any., a h. r 3_. w? Y:: a,,..._ z:. h` a2 ....:'s :;aon.�...+.,._:... NATIONAL 'INTELLIGENCE SURVEY PUBLICATIONS The basic unit of the NIS is the General Survey, which is now published in a bound -by- chapter format so that topics of greaser per ishability can be updated on an individual basis. These chapters Country Profile, The Society, Government and Politics, The Economy, Military Geog- rophy, Transportation and Telecommunications, Armed forces, Science, and Intelligence and Security, provide the primary NIS coverage. Some chapters, particularly Science and Intelligence and Security, that are not pertinent to all countries, ore produced selectively. For small countries requiring only minimal NIS t,eatment, the General Survey coverage may be bound into one volume. Supplementing the Genera; Survey is 'he NIS Basic Intel ?igenc( fact baik, a ready reference publication that semiannually updates key sta- tistical data found in the Survey. An unclassified edition of the factbook omits some details on the rxnnomy, the defense forces, and the intelligence and security organizations. Although detailed sections on many topics were part of the NIS Program, production of these sections has been phased out. Those pre- viously produced will continue to be available as long as the major portion of the study is considered valid. A quarterly listing of all active.. NIS units is published in the Inventory of Available NIS rlublications, which is also bound into the concurrent classified Factbook. The Inventory lists all NIS units by area name old number and includes classification and date of issue; it thus facilitates the ordering of NIS units os well as their filing, cataloging, and utilization. Initial dissemination, additional copies of NIS units, o. separate chapters of the General Surveys can be obtained directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. The General Survey is prepared for the-NIS by the Central Intelligence Agency and the Defense Intelligence Agency under the general direction of the NIS Committee. It is coordinated, edited, published, and dissemi- nated by the Central Intelligence Agency. WARNI NC This docurnool cwsloins information affecting the Iwliotwl 41.f0;0 of the United Wole& -ItMn tho meaning of title 18, seclions 793 and 794 ci siw US cede, as amerdird Its Tronsn;llsSan or revetolion of Its confents to at re.eipt by vn ur00l%oei:ed Potw- is ptehlbited by lava CEASSIM0 NY 019641, EXEMPT sROM GENERAL DECLASSIFI- CATION SCHEDULE Of E. O. 11,32 EXEMPTION CATEGORIES 39 (1I, (2), (31, AECFAS5S3iiD ONLY ON APPROVAL OF 7H5 DIRECTOR Of CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 e M. a: xaxeaerY+= aaexs- v..;eue- ^...a�.n...r v.:.:+.._. i, r. x. x:._.. r..:� srrr: K, f� z= 7'.` zs. a'. 1..] r` .iitSt.r.:LSGamriS'.5'- n4.:iKh! M WARNING The NIS is National Intelligence and may not be re- leased or shown to representatives of any foreign govern- mentor international body except by specific authorization of the Director of Central Inteltigence in accordance with the privisions of National Security Council Intelligence Di- restive No. 1. For NIS containing unclassified material, however, the portions so marked may be made available for official pur- poses to foreign nationals and nongo vernment personnel provided no attribution is made to National Intelligence or the National intelligence Survey. Subsections and graphics are individually classified according to content. Classification /control designa- tions are: (U /GU) Unclassified /Far Official Use On (C) Confidential (S) Secret n A APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200100008-7 This chapter was prepared for the NIS bY fho Defense Intelligence Agcnr.t Research was sub- stantially completed by July IW3. CIA-R I DP01 -00707R0002001 0000 8-i APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 Pcge D Navy 13 1. Organization 14 2. Strength, composition, slid disposition 15 3. Training 16 4: IDgistics 17 Page E. Air force 17 1. Organization 18 :u. Strength, composition, and disposition 19 3. Training 19 4. Logistics 20 F. Paramilitary forces 21 FIGURES page Page Fig. I Organization of the Ministry of Fig. 8 Mi -8/Hip (photo) 13 Defense (chart) 4 Fig, 9 DAPHNE -Class suhmarinc (photo) 14 Fig. 2 Armed farces personnel strengths Fig. 10 Shanghai 1I Class PGM (photo) 14 (table) 7 Fig. 3 Annual defense expenditures (table) 8 Fig. 11 Organization of the Pakistan Navy Fig. 4 G3 rifle (pho ?o) 9 (chart) 15 Fist. 5 U.S. M47148 medium tank (photo) 9 Fig. 12 'Destroyer (jyhoto) 16 Fig. 6 T-59 Chine z, a -manufactured medium Fig. 13 MIRAGE IIIE photo) 17 tank (photo) 9 Fig. 7 Organization of the I aaWtan Ariny Fig. 14 Organization of the Pakistan Air (chaei) 10 Force (chart) 18 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 'i.. ..._e.'...',.L ...7nc`n"'Y �.N' ,c4 ..ti.^1':Y .......ff:,! -...0 ,,..'".'ti..T2�v:.'n: ?F.',v C+x� x- ....t...._ .:..�X,:wx r... n k:,.:,z- r.!s:..,,4'� .fe. v:: rNial A. Defense establishment (S) The armed farces of 1 :ikislan are well trained and highly professional by Asian standards. The military is mixable o m aintain ing int security. lei the event OF an extended %var, Pakistan could defend itself against neighboring Afghanistan or Iran but trot. against China or Ind ia. Pa s military could initially blunt a large scale attack but would eventually si:crumb or revert to a guerrilhr fo rce. Furthermore, tite armed forces are irrcapable of mounting it sustained attack. especially against ludic, without massive injections of foreign assistance. The aims} is the best equipped and the largest of the three services. I listorically it has been die senior service to the detriment of the air force and navy, which have not acquired sufficient nrinsand ecluipnienl needed to atchieve parity with the Indian Air farce and Navy. A limited industrial base severely hampers logistic, efforts, rendering the military almost colriplocly dependent ()it outside sources of military Inaterial. irntil the nation builds up adequate petroleum fuels, oils, and lubricants (1 resen -ass and becomes self safficicnt its the PTOdIlction of arms wend eclttipntcitt. Pakistan will be highly vnbierable to blockade during war, its witnessed it) 1971. The regular arirrc(l forces number ahorit d 17,M); the alrnty, will) 390,000 (iuel till ing an atignientatittn of 30,(00 Mad Kaslindri slate force troops) is [lie predominant wrviee. The air forcr. has a strengt of about 17,(}(}0 moo ancl'un fttveritory of 111010 than 000 aircntft, including at least 392 jets. The 9,900 -man navy operates a total of 31 ships a cr aft: major combatants Consist of three subtriaritWs, one Cruiser, and five destroyer /d estroyer escorts. The Imrantilitan forces, coilectiveiy known as the Civil rnted forces. have the primary missions of border patrol, in',erual security, and smuggling prevention. They are rir-der civil control bill are available to atui used by the Ministry of Defelise during emergcticies. `1'hesc forces total about 33,500 men a-tul are officered primarily by regular artily personnel. Pakistan had been a rncmher of SEATO acid CENTO since their inception. Its November 1972. 11nrever, President Bhutto forwarded a notification of intent to withdraw from SrW O, and its january 1973 Pakistan vithdrev its military representative from the Organization. Membership in CENTO is currendy being revitalized after wars of lormancy. Pakistan was it staunt It ally o the West, particu the United States, until October 1962, when tiro U nited States, the United Kingdottt, and Canada provided military asststance to India ditring its Coll ftOntatiOtt With tile. Penplc's Repu of Ciritta (1 Pakistan insisted India was its fault for the axm [roll tation with tite 1 and that China hair no grand designs on Indian territory. The upgrading of India's forces couslituted, in I'akislaii s view, a direcl threat to its national security. Dissatisfied vith the U.S., British, and Cartadiau explanattills regarding Ihcir military assistance to India. Pakistan saw Ibat it APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 25X1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 a,.fy :;c �i :r., r .-..t .i....Y...r... a.- ..,...n ' equal V irons that tIlme;thtough told- February 1973, at 11 rupees equsrt US31.00; sdntM- oafish- Frhruary rU:3; at 9.4 rup: -rs equnl US$ 1.60. $'Fisera year coding 30 June of Ktaled year. ���T? 7p and 71, percent of Foot and wext 1'dkietan RNP; FY72 And 73, prrrcnt of PiLkintan (tarnier Went PnkiRtan) CI)P. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 APPROVED FOR 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 _:M 1 e 6 Y.Y 'MI� ar w M f i y M 1 FIGURE A. The domestically produced G3 rifle is the ormy.'s In infantryman's weapon. This 7.62 -mm rifle Is mode primarily by steel stampings; the only machine parts are the barrel and bolt components. (C) Artily. The mission of the array is the ground defense of lhr Country, with the 'Id"Plional lasts of assisting in maintenanet, o irrlttaaal :r U t; whom required an although no knowniu;Fits otcarnt:arked', to provide forces, when aavatil :al; t6 h'6i itir Pakistanis CENTO cnrtuoitincrhf5. Thc army also takes part in civic: awou programs such aas agric work an disaster relief. (C) In an all-out war the Pa k iSi an Armv a�er, that the ordinary soldiers fighting spirit attd halred of India is as strong as ever. c APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 FIGURE b. The Chlrim T -59 medlum tank mounting a 100-mm main -gun has rep!acecl the U.S. M47- /48 as Pokiston's principal tbnk, ,(C)' APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 +..x nemxtr.,: v .xrc: sec. s, r. Ya, Cbrs< k. rrx. cR ."ti^:`..nx;- w..r_:_ �.asrx se countries which have comparable schools. Many Pakistani officers have beers trained its U.S. service and staff schools, including the U.S. e1 riny Command and Cenenel Staff College at Fort Leavenvorth. In addition, Pakistan has had various officer exchange programs with (:rntntonwealth nations and with Turkey. Some Pakistani personnel are receiving instruction in the 1'110. 4. logistics (S) The army's logistic system, although influenced by the United States, is basically organized and functions alotig British Pines, ResImnsil lities for logistics are divided chiefly hctwerit the Quartermaster Cerieril and the Master Coneral of Onlrianty, both ioetted at the Ceneral Headquarters, The Quartermaster Ccnertl has staff resixrnsibifity for the supply of food and POL: for the movement of m ilitary stores an personnel by surface means; for the provisi n. maintenance, and operation of animal transport; atid i ocxrtox FUNCrIoN Quetta Advanced staff training for ienfor officers KAul Pakistan west 'Point Nowsheza Basic officer and enlisted armor training A'owshera Basic officer and NCO artillery training Campbellpom Basic and advanced individual ar- tillery. training Quetta Basic and .specialized officer infan- try training Abbottabad B.)sie infantry training Abbottabad Basic infantry training Rawalpindi Basic signal officers course Risalapur I Basic engineer officer course )tialir Basic .and specialized ordnance of- (feces: courses Quetta E ectrical: and mechanical engi- neeri g courses for Officers pox sessing'engineering degr es Dora Ismail Irian 'Bastc':MP /offices course 12 f� APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 r a,.. iii'? 4a._, aY.:" Yrf.� Sa":: r, Hrvs`: uem. is 7. Sazrzr:r- .cz, k:1s...., F......'&..S:c�'.. tKE` .a>. a'dIC_. ,.nT,. rf:: Ec FAMM :or the operation of oth ground tran sportation services, 'rite Master General of Ordnance is responsible for the supple of ordnance, s' equipment, engineer items, ammunition, clotli motor transport, and general stores. Supplies are carried by the railroads, general "truck companies, and animal transport companies. Maintenance of vehicles and other mechanical, electrical, and optical equipment is Performed by persotanel of the Elcclrical and ,Nlechanical Engineer Corps, operating under the staff supervitiion of the itlaster General of Ordnance. Maintenance is perfornird at the Iowest level possible, tie echelons of maintenatice being similar to t of the U.S. Army. Dcpots for (lie storage and issue of all materiel are located near areas of major troop v)ncentrations. depots are operated by the Army Ordnance Corps and the Armly Service Corps, with the exception of depots for medical supplies, which arc the responsibility of t h e Me dical. Cerviccs. The major depots, by type and location, are as follows: Central Ordnance Depots Rawalpindi and Karachi Cm" Mechanical Stores Chak Lola Depot Central Vehicle Dept. Colra Ordnance Depots Lahotc, Kala, Karachi, Quetta Central Ammunition Mpot Havelian Ammunition Depots L.ahnrr, Kala, Karachi, Quefta, Nowshera, Mul- tan, hfalir, 5arghod2, hfansar POL Storage Depots Kamchl, Sargodha, Tarki, Lahore, Quetta, Rawal- pindi Medical Stores Depots Karachi Ordnance Maintenance and Rawalpindi, Quetta, Repair Facilities Karachi 5. Army aviation (S) The army has no organieaviation. Aircraft provided by the Pakistan ,fir farce (PAr) .11ld openited by army personnel are assigned to ninjor arm) tactical echelons In silpport ground units as requircel. Ninety -four helicopters ,ind aircraft attached to the ariny include the following: 9 Soviet Mil. mi -8 /flip (Figure. 8), 10 French. SudAv �alion Alouctle Ill; 1.9 U.S. Bell oil 13S Siotar, and 6 U-S. Sikorsky S-55 Chickas:l helicopters atkl ;:l1 U.S: 0 sniff U -lrl l3ircl Dog acid l Canadian do llatlilhi id. UeW llcaver ulilit itimnift: Aircraft' normally operate from Dhar Ill ill' airfield 'netar. Rawalphi(li 'rhe missions aircrift incltidr. stupi art of corps- and d ivision iir, amllcry speItin 1 l!Ioingr air cva a r ael #>CrS[ n oel tr tillSl)llrl. Thcrc an: Ten estimutrcl;l(M1 ayEftcvts sited �t(l0 enlisted P FIGURE 8. The Soviet -guilt Mt -8 1HIp helicopter is employed by the Pakistan Army for air evacuation and personnel transport. (C) men to support and operatc;.elacse ubrcraft. The aircraft are servk-e.d by the PAF. D. Navy The size and composition of tilt Pakistan Navy (1 pm -cluck accomplishment of its primary missions defending the harbors and cxaas[s and escorting coastal shipping. The small force is, however, capable of carrying out light escort, patrol, and coastal minesweeping adrerations: -The navy's remaining three submarines, aclidred from Franie in December 1970, afford a limited underwater offensive capability. -iglu patrol boats, acluircd from the Peoples llcpa}alk of China in early -1977, afford a modi�st surface warfare capability. Amjaltibious capabilities are negligible. T he mavv cou not c sustained vartine operalions without external assistanee. (S) A nnteworiliv luck of any real offensive; capability was elliphiisized during the Indo- Pakistan conflict of December 1971. 7'hc PN was utreblc to ctttritcr 1110 Indian Navy's offensive thrusts in the Buy of Bengal :tad the Arabian Sea. 'I'lic submarine PIVS Chazi was sunk while operating Tiear Vishakapatnatn oil 3/4 December 1971: On [lie night of 4/5 December 197 1, the destroyer M Xhatber and the Tninesweeper PNS ,Nrebrrjtz were both lost following a surface, cligagemcnt with Indian Navy vessels in the Karachi harbor area. (C) In iu effo to strengthen its navy against India's modeinixing and expanding fleet. Pakistan has :ttxleilred three DAMINE -Class submarines from 1- 7r,aracr (Figure 9). with these three su4;tt:aritivs ill nlxrirtio n,,Pakistart nevrrthchss falls one short of (lee tianiher the Indian. Navy hill, received through Soviet contracts. Ili addition; six midget submarines of italintr origin have been added' to the PN inventory. 1 urlhcr offettsivr. poletitial rests in lhesix Sl IANCIIAI 11 -c lan" motor gunboats (Figurc lit) which have been cflieinA fame tear People J Wpublic of China. Wh Ibeser highly mobile croft are filted with missiles, 1 h APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 probably the French surface -to- surface ENOCET. they %will provide a needed addition to the Offensive firepower of the Pakistan Navy. (S) The navy has ci low overall effectiveness in comparison with that of advanced navies but cornli:irts favorably with navies of roost developing nations on a ship- for -ship and man- for -elan basis. Strengths include good individual training, natural military inclination of persoriricl, a small but relatively inud'ern ni }nesweeping force, and a sloa increasin;; offensive potential. Major drawbacks include destroyer and cruiser age. lack of art air defcmw capability :against high -speed aircraft. absence of a naval air ctnuponenl (as oppowl to the Navy Air Arm), and dependence on foreign sources for ntai'cricl and ingistie support. In addition, tilt Pakistan Air Force is capable of rendering no more than taken supluM in wartime. A naval infanta� dews not exist. (C) The iIN comniunicatianis system is based in Karachi anti appsretitly is adequ ate for navy needs. Its ship -to- ship and ship -to- shore communications capabilities ;arc tie.'. into naval headililarters in Isiainabad. (C) 3 1. Organization (S) Cornniand of the operating forees restti in the Chief of Staff, Pakistan Navy, who is responsiltic to k Minister of Defense and in turn tile. Prime Minister (Figure 11). ''he Chief of Naval Staff adniinisters four staff branches� Operations, Persoauicl. Supply, and Technical �each headed by a Deputy Chief of Staff. Additional tncrnhcrs of Ilia headquarters staff sitliordintatc to the CN�3 :ire [lie Fiag Lietttcaatit, the Secretary to the Chief of Staff, the Naval Sccretzsy. and the ledge Advocate General. I'lae Flag officer ConiniandiPig, Pakistan Navy Flo- tilla has control of tile,- cmiser, the destroyer /deslroyer and tine oiler; the Conianander i\lirtc Sryuadr:n, like utincs%vecpars antl fleet oevan tug; the Cointaudore -tn- Charge, K:arichi, the shore activities and service: craft; and the Superintendent, Pakistan Navy Dockyard, the dockyard, tike naval stores, arui naval armanicnt departments. Follo%ling British custom, shore activities arc niannmi and comanissioned as ships in the I'akistatt Navy. l4 7 �7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 FIGURE 10. Shoiighol II -Class motor gunboat. Pakistan hot received eight Shanghais which, when fitted with missiles, will Increase the offerrtive capabilities of 0* vlovy. (S) APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 .,.:A` .::.m,..:....C.S', Cotnimintl of 0 newly acctttircc# suhtttctriilcs, motor glinboals, and fast patrol boats is in the hands of the Chief of Staff. 2. Strength, composition and disposition (S) The personnel strength (if the Pakistan Navy is appmxlmately 9,W). This Miould.inerease shar)) #y in t he near future, as p bins acre m incrctist tht, nt intl er rttlistrY niCrt t1n dU h': tt> {3,[NKI. 1#t}ztirtgli this goal W INS nest. relidiLd by the �end a.of 1972 as planneil, it shmild not b6 difficult 1�tibtain this ntiinv Iicnminel o the rtw ttla'et o upp licsrils Always euveds thG c rw rm;t :td, rt uFi+ +tire# rcvtian of the pity scale is riru #ray t1y aid the recruilment 4rive.,. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009 /06/16: CIA- RDP01 -00' Fleet Wrnptisition is -is follows: tine antiaircraft light cruiser (CL AA), four destroyers (00) (Figtire 12), two destroyer escorts (DE), three subinannes (SS), six inidget sohmarinrs, !wo fast patrol boats (PTF), seven motiir gunboats (PGM), seven coastal inittcsweeperc (NISC eight mechanized landitig craft (t,CM), One survey ship (AGS), one fleet ocean tug (ATF one oiler (A% and ei ght service craft. Except for the slibinadnes, the motor gunboals, and the fast patro bo ats, the majority of the vessels are of British and United States origin, Due to the loss of East Pakistan, Karachi is lire home port for all ships and craft. There IS no reserve flrct. 15 t07R000200100008 -7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 FIGURE 12. The PNS t1ADR, a U.K. Sallie -Class destroyer (S) 3. Training (C) I'lic training system is basicallysaurtd and generally fulfills local training recluircinents. A Lick of qualified instructors, modeni equipment, and training aids has handicapped the system, however. An additiowl P;ahlem has been the nontechnical natitre of 1 national langi -age. More emphasis is placed upon training-in schools than aboard ships because of lire lack of Basic education among personnel. Officers continue to receive specialized training In the United Kingdom in selected topics such as tGarlraery, co mmaniications, and staff procedures, France has conducted suhmarine training based on the DAPHNE: -Class submarine for bath. officers and enlisted personnel. Pakistan. Navy personnel have received training in submarine, diving. mine: warfare, and tinderwuter wealums fields in tine United'States; one officer is sent to the U.S. Naval !e.':: r College each year. All o [lie principal training schools avid installations are Within the Karachi area. They include the Bw4c and Operational Training. E.t'ablishment (PINS lfirrwkaya), tits Technical Training Establishment (PNS Karsuz), ;nand the Pakistan Naval Academy (PNS Rabar). The PNS 11intalaya facilities cnn%ist of a group of schools that providle instruction in such areas its gunnery, communications, datuage control, diving, torpedoes, antisubmarine warfare, supply and secretarial duties, and naval tactics. Mechanicai, electrical, and electronic traiuilig we conducted at PNS Kan= Enlisted irrsonnel enterthe navy through vitherthe buy -entry (for recruits from .1S .to 17'A years) or [lie direct -entry (front IS to H years) progicam. Initial enlistments are for a perind of 12 years, fallowed by 1,6 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: another 10 years in a reserve status, laving conditions ill the nave are so far above thow of the average citiien that little difficulty is experienced in obtaining sufficient. personnel. Those who enter the navy via the boy -entry program undergo 2 years of training at PNS lfimalaya. Basic academic subjects, especially English, comprise the initial ti months of practical training. Upon completion of this training, boys .ande -rgo 1'/_ years of instruction in their respective trades, followed by 6 months of practical tminiit at sea. Those personnel vh0 enlist via; tK: direct -entry program are trained at the combin: training schools in the Karachi area and then report directly to assign nients ashore or afloat where they receive from 5 to u2 weeks of basic training in their particular specialties. The Pakistan Naval Academy cadets receive training on board Ilse cruiser NS 84bur) and at the academy (PNS Rabar). The majority -A r ffieers are graduates of cadet -entry Programs, although a few are directly appointed'from civilian life, while others are c1iornmissioned frenn the enlisted ranks tip to 23 years of :age. Can,lidates for cadet officer training iaust he single, hetweeii 17 and 20 years of age, and have completed 2 Fears of coPege; final selection is determined by an entrance examination and ,action of .a Selection board. A direct short service csmtmission av ailable in eit her the electrical or engineering hranehes; candidates must pvtisess the appropriate University drrrees nand m between the ages of 21 and 28. Aca demy training; lml ins with, 18 months of :af"fadeniic instritctiou, followed by' ,a'ca r at sru: "#'bra next pl ainsC of :raining lasts about a year' ut: l'AF Station Mesroor where cadets 'learn :about 'sitch e CIA-RDP01 -00707110002001 00008-7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 wi S.. �s -.R_. w �lk+. .f`b.. c'3Y1,mv"4'CR YF.. 1Gtt:.` .5:.1. Y-vkY &'I'W e' 'nL JS7'S'b.a'`S 4tJ1 S4 ,f+`Yt -....1 e\.X c sV .t`l vo_wLii .r r$.;Y 2T= tibti'7C subjects as gunnery navigation, communications, damage control, and receive faniiliariiation with Combined air nava l operations. Commissi acting su hlieutena rits are awarded, and in some cases, Bachelor of Science Degrees from Karachi University. Tlae last portion of training is a year at sea, after which the confirmation as a sublieutenant is made. Training for engineering officers begins at the Pakistan Naval Engineering College that nuts concurrent to the Bachelor of Engineering course at Karachi University. Further special ikation in marine engineeringor naval elect rical /elect ronieequi lint ent is then taken. Direct entry officer candidates are trained at PNS Himalaya. Further advanced officer training occurs at the Pakistan Navy Staff College; other service schools are abroad. 4. Logistics (C) I'he logistics system is concentrated within the Kairac!ti ama. Overall control of llt log istics system rests with the Deputy Chief of Staff (Supply), -although the Superintendent, Pakistan Naval Dockyard, has charge of the dockyard as we11 as the Naval Stores and Naval Arruament Departments. Primary facilities include the Naval 17ockyard and llte Naval Stores Departinent. a small bulk- storageannex, and the Naval Armament I)epot at Matiripur, a short distance away. PNS 1gfxi1, the submarine support Facility, is also located at the dockyard. Although progress in the development of more adequate supply, repair, and maintenance facilities is being made, the logistic base of the navy remains weak. Most supplies and egwpinent continue to be imported. Incotintry procurement is restricted to provisions, some hardware, clothing, office supplies, anal. POI,. Facilities for tine production of naval vessels do not exist, allhough major repairs and overhar:is of ships up to destroyer sire ar: performed at (lie Naval Dockyard in Karachi. Overhaul of the PN's cruiser is undertaken. by the Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Corporation. The recent acquisition of Chinese motor gunboats has increased [lie types of ships and craft, thereby weakening the logistics system. E. Air force (S) The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) is a small fmcc of about 17,000 men and over 500 aircraft. Its primary (Asks are to provide (air defense of the country, conduct offensive and defensive operations as required in support of [lie ground, and naval forces, assist in the maintenance of internal security, r6ider support in civil emergencies, and support civic action programs. The PAF is capable of performing air defense, ground support, and other tactical support tasks. Not many of the PAF's .assets were committed in operations against the Indian Air Force (1AF) during the December 1971 war. 'rhos the above c:apahilitics were not fully testcc The PAF lost.43 aircraft, mostly F -86's Lmd LIIC -19's. compared with 71 lost by the [AV. Most aircraft losses on both sides were due to ground fire. For several montlis prior to the war the PAF had been constructing protective structures (revetnicnts :add underground maintenance and supply facilities) for facilities anal aircraft. It is likely these efforts limited the damagessuffered front IAF attzcks.`tn general, the PA F's dependence oil -multiple foreign sup sources, lack of replacements far pilots and technicians, and shortage of spare parts tend to limit its effectiveness. For air defense the PAF has four fighter squadrons (MiC -19 and Mirage 11110 (Figure, 13) alit] a radar system of over 1.0 sites equiplxd with radars such as the AME..S I.1 and 15 and AN1:PS 20. There are no surface. -to -air missiles, and all antiaircraft artillery is FIGURE 13. The French- prodveed Dassault MIRAGE HIE's ure the first -line air defense aircraft of 'he PAP. (0 17 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009 /06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 F maintained under arm control. Several regiments of 40 -mm guns are available. The PAF's fighter aircraft had a limited but sneeessf combat recor in a -In- air operations in the var. The French Matra air -to -air missile mounted on N1irage fighters was reported to be very e Against in aircraft of figbtersize Thing ut 80,000 feet, the estimated radar range is 175 nautic miles. Confignuas coverage is provided along the Indian horde-, except for the Baluvwulpur urea. During; the war the IAF was able to Approach at low level front the sear without detection by the PAF cady yarning radarsercen until within tine target area. Tactical air units comprise Canberra and Beagle bomber squadrons as cell as lite F -861'. MiG -19, and Satre N1k -6 fighter- bomber units. Armed T -6 trainers were also used in a night intruder role daring the 1971 conflict. The PAF's relatively few homb:ng 'passes against Indian airfields during the war were ineffective. Although the PAF was active in suviwrt of trx)p)s l it jaa and Kashmir, lack of effCetive forward air mitrol (FAQ impeded their Commitment to close air support. The PAF's air transport is limited to four ol)Critianal C -130 transports, txwo of which arc on loan from civil airlines. These aircraft were used to resupply tr {flips in Lite northern border region during the war, bul�the- extent of the support was modest. Prior tc,and duringhostilitivs, Pakistan I nternational Airlines (PIA) Bocing Mts were used cttensively to ferry tasoios from West to Pakistan. Smaller PIA turboprops which hall been basest in Lite eastern sector were commandeered by the military and aced For a variety of military- oriented missions. 'hie PAF's entire fleet of eight C- 130's, asstEnting an 80% serviceability, has ai potential capability of lifting about a battalion (United States) of risen on a single operation under optiniram conditions. Continttoos replacement and modernization of aircraft will remain of paramount importance to Pakistan, but the PAF probably will not be able to improve its Capabilities vis -a -vis India. The ground attack capability is being upgraded with the receipt of French 'Mirage 5 aircraft� 1. Organization The Chief of S(aff, Pa Air Force, conts,',)ls [lie fords through an air headquarters at Peshawar(Fir,Ere 14). lit, is assisted by a Deputy Chief of Air Staff and an air staff consisting of foair Assistant Chiefs of Air Staff (ACAS) �Operations, Training, Administration, and Maintenance. The ACAS, Operations, is responsible For operations and plans, operations research, air intelligence, flying safety and signals, and all operational flying units. The ACAS, Training, is WSPDnsible for recruiting of personnel said all it- iining except combat training which is the responsibility of combat wing commanders. The ACAS, Administra- tion, is responsible for administrative coordination, budget and amounting, personnel, works acid civil engineering. ntedi {gal services, and provost marshal, as S lllp(( CAP4RAI F- ES#kENT ACCroENT MY[SSIGAS R+C: EDA-li paltcloR, wo" STUDY AN %CC-if Nsuc IMLAiWN1 oonctit f S K f ASSISIANS 0,"IANT ASS,i:ANT ASSs_4TAMT y OF AM STAFF: .CN@E OF ASR Staff ,y CI-{F Of At* STrJECk -[E OF, A71I 33UE .i .CIaE1 oPERFTIONS TRA'NW� AOMM41lAl1oN a MAINIENANC{ F MTCTCQ D+ -ECIOI r :._j OR[RA]W':S AND n ANS AIRECI a AaWFAvullYF COO&CNWArkow EPME {RING 4.0 N V Aq IN)[1116E.hC[ FitINO 1RAINtNL 'E[RSONNEI: SURRIY Y SpNAIS Ti(NNICA( lRw1kANG Ax):WAI SENW1 fROIECi$ ORERASIoMS RE SEARCI! TOM4,104 YVORJIS AAb.CMt [NGPdERIN4 r fECMNICAI OEV[IORMIM -i f1Y1NG- SAE[TY R #CRUIlAEFFI ..4D _ACCVUMINGt[CwaCAt S {A'YICf1. x ,RROYgSTMA -SHA[ Il lNO UraTS Y AIR EC7C[ SfATK)NS ANr LMTS ORd1ND [NOFNEERF6 W[AEONS 4 (C) FIGURE 14. Organization of the Pakistan Air Force APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 C U.kws 2 Light Bomber Squadrons 10 Fighter- Bomber Squadrons a Fighter Interceptor Squadrons 1 Reconnaissance Squadron I Transport Squadron 1 Search and Rescue Squadron 3 Rescue Flights AMCIIA T I1 -28 Beagle, B47B Canberra F-MF, MiG-I9 Former D, MM (F-W) MIG-19 Farmer D, Mirage III -D, Mirage L'I -E hilrage III -R, RT -33A C -130B, F -27 UH -19D, HU -10A Albatross HH43B 3 Training Units /School.� T-33A, T-37, T -OG well: as all aii -force stations and units. Tito ACAS, 'Maintenance, is responsible for aircraft enginceriiig, technical development, lechnical services, ground engineering, stippl weallons, and projects. Also included-in the headquarters is an executiveslaff with tits following offices: Chief Inspector, President of [lie Accident Invesligating Board, judge Advocate General, Director Work Study, Air Secretary, and Public Relations Officer. 2. Strength, composition, and di �position PAr personnel stren totals 17,100, including3t10 pilots and MAN ground personnel. Aircraft inventory"- as of la November 1972 is 326, including the following types: PM ClPAL UAW MaSroor Masroor, Sargodha, Uturid Sargodha, Miawali, Shorkot Road Sargodba Islamabad International Masroor Islarnaba-, International, Poshawar, Sargadba, Masroor, Sargodba, risalpur With the exception of aircraft based in the south at Mast- nearly all units are based in tlic northern part of the country near the border with India. Emit disposition as of la November 1972 is as indicated above. The units at tMianwali, Murid, and Shorkot Road arc believed to have moved, but their location is unknown. Personnel completing active duty in the PAN serve 6 to 8 years in a reserve status. The total number of reservists is not ava but marry former PAP pilots are employed with Pakistan International Airlines. These, personnel could provide an effective augmentation to the PAR's-tran9por3 fleet: The air facilities systcn in Pakistani is adequate for their own civil and inilitan peacetime requirements. Insufficient grouttct "support 'facilities would reenter it inadequate for large -scale operations. (Sec the Transportation and Tclecornmtinicatioins chapter of this General Survey for detailed information on airfields,} 3. Training Principal training institutions of lite PAL�' and their locations as of 13 November 1972 are as indicated tin page 20. Initial Intining of ;tit officer candidates is at lte Pakistan Air Forcv. College at lsisalpur. This ucadcnry consists of four cadet classes and train% 109 pilot cadets annually. Duration of training for Pakistanis is 2 to 2 rh years, while.the program lasts l rh yearn for foreign officers. Flying'training,is given in T -6G's and T -37's. From 300 t 320 b;+urs are devoted to flying training for Pakistanis, while 250 to 270 hours are devoted to fiYint training for foreign officers. The student/ histritelor ratio is reportLxily 3 to 1. Appmxinnately 40 to 43 instructor pilots are amigned in tine flying trtiiiing pnTlI t (if tile,. course. Pilot rate is h f or both Pakistani and foreign students. Mary of the rcjectetl Pakistani pilols are assigned to other duties. many becoming navigators or maintenance officers. Uiiorrconlinissioning, the majority of the new. officers citttnd flij;lit training school at Masraor. Depending upon requircmeitts, it f ew go to l lte transport 19 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 Salvos, I.oG+no Basic Training School Xohat Ground Instmction School Kohat Advanced Trade School Kohat Pakistan Air Force College Rhalpur dstan Air Force Engineer- Korangi Creek ing College Jung Command and Staff Drigh Road Sta- Han, Kan.chi Ski and Survival School Kalabash Pakistan Air Force Staff Drigh Road Sta- tion, Karachi conversion school at Islamabad' International'. Helicopter pilots are selected front those who have difficulty in completing fighter aircraft training. The PAV also has_ wo preparatory schools, at Sargod and Lower Topa, near Murree, where selected civilian personnei receive advanced educational Witting before uctually becoming Dart of the PAC' and attending the,11isaipur college. Airmen enter basic training at Kohat fora period of about 9 months. This is followed by a 7 -month basic tcq, -h ^al course and then assignment as a qualified teL-hnician. The entire training establishment is coinposed of about 2,M) personnel. At present, the force is barely self sufficient in basic flight axis) niaintcnatiev training, A major weakness ftnttinncs to lie the low n0mber of cadets (about 30) graduated ctwh year from the Air Force College at Risalptir. This is just sufficient to in,iintain current strength levels. The Engineering College at Komngi Creek weeks to graduate 25 engineers a year from its 4 -year course. In addition, KiMingi Crcek grldc4itcs uime 1 2 2 7 students a year I'mm a sh rt (I yrir} moue to meet the need for engineers of all types. Other weaknesses in PAF training include the language eifficulties of It multilingual Montr4 20 Fv cno:r Basic training for all racnicits. Counter in instructional methods and techniques. Training for officers and airmen in supply, air police, mess, and administrative and other functions. Military training for officers of all fields and'primary and basic training in T -37 and T -OG aircraft for pilots. Advanced training in T-33 for pilots gradu- ated from the Air Force College. Standardized operational and tactical pro. cedures in the air force and training in basic weapons and tactics for fighter pilots. Technical training for all Officers and air- men in maintenance and armament. Training for officers and airmen in radio communications, such as radio operaion, air traffic control, general communica- tions, and electronic equipment mainte- nance'. A school for gruduntc office e with en- gineering degrees in electronics and maintenance. Training in administration for staff officers. Ski and survival training for all air force flying crews. Advanecd staff training for senicr officers. operating in a foreign tongue (English) and the problems of training personnel to handle equipment acquired from many differetit sources. The PA1� lack.+ all effective liewnncl classification systcrtt, dues not have ,in adcgn.:te career development program, and does not maintain adNitiate service: ttairing rcco.^ds. Considerable numbers of PAC' personnel fortnerly were trained in the United States under the U.S. Military Assistance Program as pilots, navigaters, communicatic:ns specialists, and maintenance technicians. This assistance vas discontinticcl in 1965. The People's Republic of China has contitim-d to provide training assistance to the PAP. Pakistan has also provided-aviation training; to personne f rom Iran. Iraq. joidatt, Kuwait, Libya, Abu Dhabi, and Saudi Anibia. 4, I:ogistics The ACAS, M- 6ittenaflee. ec*itsists cif sevcit directonites (F'iguir 14). Base ctinimaaiders at airfields ors. nllociOcd personnel to accomplish normal maintenance, supply, 'and hotesekeepii,g functions, and they in turn are sapportcd by t he supply and Ina iliteualive deport M Drigh Iload Station. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 No. 2 Conversion School Aiasroor Flight Leader School lefasroor School of Aeronautics Korangi Creek School of Electronics Korangl Creek dstan Air Force Engineer- Korangi Creek ing College Jung Command and Staff Drigh Road Sta- Han, Kan.chi Ski and Survival School Kalabash Pakistan Air Force Staff Drigh Road Sta- tion, Karachi conversion school at Islamabad' International'. Helicopter pilots are selected front those who have difficulty in completing fighter aircraft training. The PAV also has_ wo preparatory schools, at Sargod and Lower Topa, near Murree, where selected civilian personnei receive advanced educational Witting before uctually becoming Dart of the PAC' and attending the,11isaipur college. Airmen enter basic training at Kohat fora period of about 9 months. This is followed by a 7 -month basic tcq, -h ^al course and then assignment as a qualified teL-hnician. The entire training establishment is coinposed of about 2,M) personnel. At present, the force is barely self sufficient in basic flight axis) niaintcnatiev training, A major weakness ftnttinncs to lie the low n0mber of cadets (about 30) graduated ctwh year from the Air Force College at Risalptir. This is just sufficient to in,iintain current strength levels. The Engineering College at Komngi Creek weeks to graduate 25 engineers a year from its 4 -year course. In addition, KiMingi Crcek grldc4itcs uime 1 2 2 7 students a year I'mm a sh rt (I yrir} moue to meet the need for engineers of all types. Other weaknesses in PAF training include the language eifficulties of It multilingual Montr4 20 Fv cno:r Basic training for all racnicits. Counter in instructional methods and techniques. Training for officers and airmen in supply, air police, mess, and administrative and other functions. Military training for officers of all fields and'primary and basic training in T -37 and T -OG aircraft for pilots. Advanced training in T-33 for pilots gradu- ated from the Air Force College. Standardized operational and tactical pro. cedures in the air force and training in basic weapons and tactics for fighter pilots. Technical training for all Officers and air- men in maintenance and armament. Training for officers and airmen in radio communications, such as radio operaion, air traffic control, general communica- tions, and electronic equipment mainte- nance'. A school for gruduntc office e with en- gineering degrees in electronics and maintenance. Training in administration for staff officers. Ski and survival training for all air force flying crews. Advanecd staff training for senicr officers. operating in a foreign tongue (English) and the problems of training personnel to handle equipment acquired from many differetit sources. The PA1� lack.+ all effective liewnncl classification systcrtt, dues not have ,in adcgn.:te career development program, and does not maintain adNitiate service: ttairing rcco.^ds. Considerable numbers of PAC' personnel fortnerly were trained in the United States under the U.S. Military Assistance Program as pilots, navigaters, communicatic:ns specialists, and maintenance technicians. This assistance vas discontinticcl in 1965. The People's Republic of China has contitim-d to provide training assistance to the PAP. Pakistan has also provided-aviation training; to personne f rom Iran. Iraq. joidatt, Kuwait, Libya, Abu Dhabi, and Saudi Anibia. 4, I:ogistics The ACAS, M- 6ittenaflee. ec*itsists cif sevcit directonites (F'iguir 14). Base ctinimaaiders at airfields ors. nllociOcd personnel to accomplish normal maintenance, supply, 'and hotesekeepii,g functions, and they in turn are sapportcd by t he supply and Ina iliteualive deport M Drigh Iload Station. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200100008 -7 Sxcitim Major weaknesses include almost complete dependence on forcihn sources for aircraft, engines, spare parts, ordnance, and all petroleum supplies. Pakistan's financial situation and lack of any large scale manufaclurin A capability prohibits any but the most minor incountry logistical s upl;orl. Drigh Road Station at Karachi is the only PAF depot. All extensive maintenance, inspection, and overhauls rfre perforated there. Reports indicate that maintenance of NHG -19 engines has been a major problem and that these are shipped by air to China for overhaul. Previously, the force adopted mos: of the U.S. supply and maintenance procedures, These included the use :if U.S. Air Force manuals, technical orders, and a unit au thoriza tion list system. Wheti:er this system has been applied to the new aircraft that have been acquired is un! information oil continued availability of spare parts is also limited, but it is apparent that this niatterconstitutesa major problem. Servicciabilit% rates of PAR aircraft are not avaiJ.thlr. The Beagles, however, are non flyablc, x the F -104's are in storage due to lack of spare parts. POI, slouls are believed to he gea rcd to ai A--day level at each base. The missions of the 35,500 -man Civil Armed Forces arc to patrol the country's bonler, prevent smuggling: and assist the regidar police in maintaining internal security, especially in tribal areas. The Civil Armed Forces are capable of controlling borders during peacetime, 'they are also capable of coping with sporadic tribal dissidence bill would require army support to deal with widespread organized insurgen- cies. They could operate as light infantry or aF gue Was in wartime. The Civil Armed Force. consist of three mobile security components �the Pakistan Rangers, the F mintier Corps, and the Frontier Constabulary.' `Sf rcnRtlr limakdue�nc are not a +'at:,lrte lacc:ntsc of tlic ex {ranxinrt n( th, guars wid tt Ims or capture of {>rrxmnet in East Pakisrrjn. F. Paramilitary: farces (S) sccu r Normally the Civil Armed Forces are subordinate to the Ministry of Interior and Sta(es, Frontier Regiotis and Kash A ff airs, and coritr through provincial governments. In time of war or emergency tire) are controlled by the Ministn of Defense, with the exception of the Frontier Col, 'tabular), which remains to the Ministry of Interior and States, Frontier Regions and Kashmir Affairs. The Pakistan Rangers at. utilized inainly to maintain se-curity in the settled districts (as distinct f -om tribal areas) of the country, and may be called upon to assist the civil police in quelling riots and other civil (listurba -s. T rangers are organize into 6re-e subregio,ial detachments with units of varying sine which are comma nded by ttriny officers, The Frontier Corps is licaded by a Di rector General, an army officer, with headquarters hi PCSIM var. The corps is organized into units up to battalion size (600 Inert), which are commanded by arinv officers. It is responsible for sectirity in (lie northern and weste"I frontierarcas of thecountiy. Patrol and antismuggling operations in the itumediale vicinity of tlir borders with Afghanistan and Iran are the main resl:onsibililies of the Frontier Constabulary, a locally recruited fora: officered by the Pakistani police. The eaustautilary, when necessary, is supported by the l+mntier Corps. Units use standard light infante weapons, primarily British tVorlil War l i models. In addition to camels and horses, soma- motor tra ;:spurt is available. The Frontier Corps also has some light artillery and armored can. Assisting in the defense ccf the portion of Jarnniu and Kashmir west of the Cease -Fire line is the- missi of the Azad (Free) Kashmir Fords, which are ostensibly the military arm of the st;;'.e of Azad Kashmir. Their units are capable of acceptable perfoTmancc of theii, present role under Pakistan Army supervision. The 30,000 strong Azad Kashmir Forces are orgarti7ed into seven irifantry bngad which are bi lcgnated in an under the conlnil of two regular infantry divisions. Troops am cqur;aped with World War 1I British equipment, Shortages exist in Ininsporlation anti signal and crew -smcd weapons. NO F'OI ?F, ICN D ISSE41 o f APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA -RDP01 -00707 R000200100008 -7