NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 62; MALAGASY REPUBLIC; TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

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• Collection: NIS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP01-00707R000200080043-0
• Release Decision: RIF
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I
CONFIDENTIAL
62 /GS /TT
A.
L
Malagasy Republic
August 1973
NATIVONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
CONFIDENTIAL
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a:

This chapter was prepared for the A'IS by the
Defense Intelligence Agency and includes contri-
butions on merchant marine from the Department
of the Navy and on airfields from the Defense
Mapping Agency, Aerospace Center. Research was
substantially completed by April 1973.
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f
s
s;
t
r'
j`
This chapter was prepared for the A'IS by the
Defense Intelligence Agency and includes contri-
butions on merchant marine from the Department
of the Navy and on airfields from the Defense
Mapping Agency, Aerospace Center. Research was
substantially completed by April 1973.
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f.'
Page
g
Page
F! )Merchant marine
13
H. Airfields
14
G. Civil
air
13
I. Telecommunications
15
FIGURES
Page
Page
Fig.
g�
Da bride (p hoto)
g g (p
3
Fig. 7
Ma jor p orts table
1 p table)
11
Fig. 2
Characteristics of railroads (table)
4
Fig. S
Tananarive /Ivato Airfield (nhnl 14
Fig. 3
Bridge over Mania river photo)
5
Fig. 9
Selected airfields table)
15
Fig. 4
Selected highways table)
6
Fig. 10
Telecommunications pattern
snap) 16
Fig. 5
Aerial views of major ports photos)
S
Fig. .11
Terrain and Transportation
Fig. 6
Port of Tamatave photo)
10
map)
f ollotcs 16
3
G
i
'a
;y
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irk
li p
I.
Diego- Suarez (U OU)
v t
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9'rar,sportation and
Telecommunications
A. Summary (C)
1. Svstem s
Transportation and telcconurunicatiun (tciccun)
facilities of \ladag.ascar lalagas Republic) are
limited. The nation depends upon coastal shipping fur
the sizable interchange of goods anung its regions and
for transporting cargoes to and front oceangoing
carriers which nornwily call only at tht major ports.
The -1 major and M minor ports are fairly evenly
distributed .clung the island *s coastline and satisfy the
trade reciuiremet;ts of the various economic regions
(sec 'Terrain and Transportation neap at the end of the
chapter).
Overland trap- ,portation consists basically of a
nlutuall\ supporting mil and road network in which
the fairly efficient but short rail system is less
important than the more extensive boot poorer duality
highway system. The 5- 19 -inde nrtcr -gage (.T3:;s"
governn;cnt -owned railroad comprises two uncon-
nected systems which serve only a lianiled area of the
islands eastern coast but proyidc :u important link
between cast coast ports, "Tananarive. and industrial
and agricultural centers of the interior. Ilighw;i s
provide feeder and distribution services to the railroad
and arc virtually the only paeans of transportation
throughout large ;ircas of the country. \lust roads
extend in if north �south direction along the cast coast
and it the interior. 'I'll(- road network is extremek
sparse in the west. Inland watt-muy tninsport is of
minor importance; only the Betsiboka river. I.aC
Alaotra, and the Cunal des Pangaluncs baye any
significance. Air transportation is well developed ;old
contrnonly used, especially in the interior. 13ccutnsc of
the sparsity of starfacc transportation, the national air
catrier, Air \gadagascar. provides ni nler000s scheduled
domestic flights. Dour airports of entry tr.r aircraft
from worldwide points are among the 166 usable
Airfields.
An adequate teleconn system covers the whole island
and reaches all important towns. 'I'll( basic network is
composed of carrier equipped open -wire lines;
radiocommunication networks stipplement the wire
system. Radio -relay links are significant on Clain
!nuks south of Tina tarive, the princip.l telecom
.enter. Services ;iIso include tvIvv;sion broadcast,
telephone, telegraph and telex, and a new satellite
ground stalion.
:Wininistration of the transportation and telecon
systems is provided by the \linistry of Development of
the Tviritory, and radio and television broadcasting
are under the \linistrl of I afonualion. 'I'll( most
significant improycnients planned for transportation
and leleconmunicatiuns are the constructii)if of a rail
line linking the northers and southern networks: the
provision of a surfaced road linking "Tananarive with
the port of Diego- Sooarcz: a and further mo dt-mization
of 6w telephone, radio relay. rmliobroadcast, and
television systems.
2. Strategic nubility
TIIv transportation systen would affc,rd only
limited support to large -scale military operation,,: 'flit
two unconnected rail networks have light axleload
linnits, steep grades and ;harp curves. and lark
alteniatiye rotates. The hig i\v iy uct\york is deficient ill
capacih and distribution and could not Itseet the
demands of niIiIan n,oyeneIIt ;ta(I suI)pIy
uperations. \liIi tit ry forces )if III be restricted by the
sparsity of the network throughout the island generally
and the absence of roads in large areas of the west anti
north. \'aunerous bottlenecks including steep grades
;tad sharp curves. ferries and fords. and narrow. Iow-
capacity bridges would inapvdv operations. :1d-
ditionally. heavy rainfall front \oyendwr through
;\pril causes washouts and landslides, and earth roads
become soft: ned and slippery, often unable to support
even nlinirtal vehicular traffic. Offroad or cross
cotantry nu,yenu�nt is limited owing to tlnfayomblo
terrain in many areas. Steep slopes in the dissected
plains. !sills ..ant! mountains. numerous depressions and
marshy areas in southwest coastal areas, and dense
forests or thick tborny scrub (sacoko) oil the plains
would preclude cross country operations.
'For diacritics on plane names, we the NO of n:unrs on the apron
of [tit- Tvrrain acid "transportation snap. the map itself, and maps in
the Ic\l.
III
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Inland waterways have uuly limited potential to
assist military movement. '1'hc four major maritime
ports and most of the minor poris are adaptable to
military use. but only Twnatave and klajunga have
adequate Facilities and clearance routes to support
sustained npvrations. The seven dry c-argo ships of the
merchant fleet have it considerable military- support
potential. "These units, with an estimated Capacity of
25,900 cargo deadweight tons, lilt\'(' a short -haul (45
hours steaming) troop lift capability which could be
used for nearse;s operations. "Their self loading and
unloading capability is ell lilt nced by the fact that one
ship has at least one heavy -lift bnont of 50 long tons
and three have hatches of more than 50 feet in length.
The only tanker in the fleet has an estimated capacity
of IT-1,55T barrels (U.S.) of pett�,I and related
products and could provide it moderate military
support capability.
The islands 166 usable airfields could support
military operations to varying degrees. Diego
Suarez /Andrakaka and Ankazobe are military fields,
and Timanariye/ lvalo is it joint facility capable of
handling sustained C 1 11 type aircraft operations.
The Air Nladagasear fleet readily could be converted
to military transport use in the event of it national
emergenc\. Mobilization of aeroclub and privately
owned aircraft is of questionable value, most being of
the 2- and -1 -place variety. Additionally, most of the
owners and pilots arc !orcign nationals, and their
service would depend on the political situation.
Vulnerability c;f the telecom system to s'imtage is
high, because there are g.� at lengths of unprotected
.wire lines and tit(- radioconununic�ation stations are
isolated. 'There arc, however, some iIternate facilities.
The greatest disruption to telecom would result from
damage to the international radio- commtnic�ation
station, the communication satellite ground station. or
associated .wire and radio -relay links. all in the
Tananarive area.
B. Railroads (C)
The Malagasy Railways (CF M) totals 5 -19 route
miles. The sparse rail network is concentrated in the
cast central portion of the country and consists of two
,'te
uunconnected nutcr -gage a systems, which rely
on integration with highway transporation for feedvi
and distrilhution services. The system is single tracked
except for 5 miles of double tracked line in the vicinity
of 'Tananarive. The northern system consists of a main
line that extends south from "I'anutave along the coast
and then west through the morn tains to Tananarive.
Branch lines extend from \klwamanga north to
a
Antbatosoratra, Volddi;la northeast to chronic urines
at Morar no, and Tananarive sootftscrst to Anlsin he.
The southern systctr extends frotn M unakara
nortImest to Fianarantsoa and reaches gradients of
3.5c;, the highest on the rctyork.
The CI -V1, government tmned and operated b\ the
.Ministry of the Developtuenl of the "i'crrilon,
compares I with othersystens in setb- Sahar.:u
Africa. The equipment pool is modern, and
operationally the railroads are equal to those of
Mozambique or Ethiopia httt are not as sophisticated
as th:,se of South Africa or I ;hodesia. The tcc�lutic�al
c�otnpctenc�c of CI -'M vmplc,yees is high. and their
number is adequate to effectively ,q)vrate the railroad.
Training is provided both on the job and in schools
operated b\ the individual depaAmvi&,. Some
students are sent t(, France each year for advanced
triniug. liailroacl personnel in \1 :,1a> :e!. toL,l 'MY),
Yards. terminals, and repair Facilities am \\ell
distributed throughout each system and suffice For
current traffic needs. Major cards are located at
Tananarive. Tanataye. Morantanga. :nakura. and
Fianarantsoa. Extensive repair of locomotives and
rolling stock is accomplished at T;mmmrive and
iunaranlsoa: light mpair Facilities are available at
Tatnataye. Moramanga. Antsirabc, and Manakara.
Small quantities of rol :tg stock are asseutbled at
Tananarive. Container Facilities are being constructed
at 'Tananarive and will include two 28 short ton
capacity cranes. I' lalcars available For container
transportation can carry one �tll foot or two 21140ot
containers. Container traffic by rail totaled 1.000 units
in 19 and has steadily inert isod. Containers can be
offloaded at stations. yards. or private sidings where
cranes or Forklift trucks are available.
Madagascar has 2.19 ra ilroad bridges 12 Feet and
over ill length with an aggregate length of
approximately 25.-100 Feet. Steel thrnttgh- truss. eleck-
plate girder. and masonry arch bridge are most
conunon. but reinforced concrete is increasingly being
used in place of stntc�tural steel. The 11 -span 1.273-
I'mt steel bridge I I miles vast of 'Tananarive is the
longest on the network. The 57 railroad tunnels (()tall
30,297 Feel: the longest. ).516 feel. is located 26 miles
east of Fianarantso:t. Most tunnels are cut through
solid rock ;aid are not ventilated or lined. 'There are
eight galleries on the network. with art aggregate
length of 1.52.1 feel.
Train control is by the permissive manual block
system, by which a second train can enter an occupied
block only with special train orders. All binc�k
entrances are at stations. Fixed signals are semaphore
-loci color light. In some areas hand or Flag signals are
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y yt.
�r
utilized. (ventral dispatching offices in I'ananarive
;und hianaranlsoa c-mitrol the northern and snutlte�rtt
systents respectivelY. I'elephone conununicalions link
all stations
Alnwst all Irlotivi� power units and rolling stuck arc
imported from 'France. Flquipntcnt is in good
condition and available in ad :elrtale nttndwrs to Heel
tiortnal operating dwnands; however, sonic shortages
occur daring the peak traffic period (jul\- October).
The 1972 equipment inventory was as follm
l3iescl- electric locomotives:
\lainlinc :3�1
Switchers 19
Total 52
Diesel- electric railcars 0 1
Trailers 5.1
Passenger c;trs 55
Prcight cars 55.1
Service c ;,rs 17-1
Tank cars (privately owned) 52
Line l(womo tives are all diesel- electric units ranging
front 635 to 3.600 horsepower. The current trend has
been to replace the 635 with 1.100 and :i.(illl)
horsepower loc�onu,tives. Mdlittg stock includes four
axle freight cars equiplwd with side screw, hook and
link couplers, and central buffers located feet 5
inches above top of rail. Passenger cars and trailers an�
fitted with automatic center coupler buffers located 2
feet 5 inches above top of rail. Rolling stuck is
ccluipped with .acumn brakes.
Crude petroleum is imported front Ralimin amen
refined petroleum prodttc�ts from the Persian (:till'
states, Malaysia. South Africa. and east :lfricmi
nations. The diesel oil needs of the railroad are
supplied b the refinery at Tanmtave.
Moelern maintenance leclunielrtes :und eelnipnu tit
;arc ennplo\ed c,n the (:I� M. Itenov;ntion of the
pernnuu�nt \cav, including welding Heil and replacing
tics arld b ;dlast. is a c�ontintting Ixojecl. Niti
sharp curves and steels grades have been clitnivalccl.
and 50- pound per hard rail is being replaced b\ 60-
pound rail. 9 -stile n�.nligninent between Brickavilly
and Annbilu I.cnnaitsu, ss Rich will reduce gm(les front
2.5`(' to I-Wi and inc�reusc the r. :ditts ul curvature to
i9: feel. is under c�onslruc�tion. Other improventcnls
include the nnuderniz ;ttion of repair lac�iIities,
renovation ul' older stations. and construction of new
statiur(s. Freight facilities have been constricted at
\'erhidiala an,cl Mm-;i ono. if(-\% mil liar� to Chrome
mines at Mwamno was cc,ntpleted il 1969.:1 cyclone
in February 1972 caused se v re clantage In the
Ta na nariv( TaInatave. Mi)rann ;unga� Ili batosor
(FigIIre I mid \'ohidi;da� XIurarano lines. Traffic
restttnecl on main lines b\ late� April. bolt repair oI the
\'ohidi;da� XIorarano line is still in progress. I'lans fur
the ne;Ir future include the constriwlion of a new r:nil
line to link \ntsimbe with Fian;o.untse,a, construction
of freight facilities at Bric�kaville, mInitondrazak.i.
and Nlor;unang ;n, continued nmdernizalion c,l Al
stations, and the intprovenu�nt ul cunnntunicatiott
facilities between Tananarive and Taunt :nve.
'I'll(- CI-\1 transpurled I, 16. 200 short to of
freight I(i:.:i 15.155 short loo stiles and .hill
-1100
passengers 121.200.000 passenger miles it, 19T I. 'I'hc
northern system between �I'; imwrive and TI intat ;eve
has the big, :vst traffic- density and acco loralnu,st
5c,' of all re\encte traffic�. 1)..161MI imports and
dontes;ic c )If Ili( )Ili ties tr ;atspc,rtecl by rail inc�lIi(w
basic food staples such as rice and utter i;rain. salt.
petrolennn prnclncls, industrial pruduc�ts. chcnnicAs
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FIGURE 1. Damage to Ilankana aver bridge on the M.oramanga Ambatosoratra line
caused by a recent cyclone (U /OU)

FIGURE 2. Characteristics of the railroads (C)
Tananarive Antsirabe.. l.t; 1.1; �110 1 1 .3
(411 miles)
\Ioramunga Ambutoso- 1.9 d.0 110 11.2
ratru.
(10.1 roiled
Manakuru Fianarantsou... .1.:; '.t; 262
101 miles)
and pharmaceuticals, lnacltinvr\. Cement, alcoholic
beverages, sugar, coffee, livestock, peanuts, and
timber. Export traffic� includes coffee, sugar, rice.
vaif iIla, clove� oil, manitw. mineral prod ucts�
graphite, chromite, and mica �scrap iron. and tintlrcr.
Opentting problems occ it as it result of steep grml.�s,
sharp curves, and limited axleload capacities. Seriolts
traffic interruptions resul! from lea\ y storms and
tropical cyclones which c�atae \%ashouts, landslides,
aid weakening of bridges and cokerts. I r(-i%4ht trains
from Tamatavv to Tananarive arc limited I- :i5 cars or
1,100 short tons an(I rout be hailed be lour 550 or
three 1,100 horsepom-f- locomotives in multiple units.
In the opposite direction trains are osuall\ double
livaded and are limited to 20 cars to permit adv(tnatt�
passage of east and westbound trains at all slat ions.
The CF NI is operating A a profit despite the need
for organizational and managerial reform. The
railroads are aided b( a police of un(Ierin%vAment in
the Competing high%% s%stern and by ph\sical
restrictions un truck rnosrnu its. Operating re venues
in 1971 were l'SS10.787,000. "hilt v\penditores
totaled $7.909.600.
Rails are T- section tapes ranging in %%right between
50 and lit pounds per card and vafy ing in length from
33 feet 10 inches to 39 feet 5 inches, there are 191
miles of welded rail. `ties are spaced I .S) i0 to 3,�11111 per
mi;e. Steel ties are utilized in the interior of the
c�ountn. treated woodert tics on the coast. Cruled
granite or broken stone ballast is lo(�all\.
a
ME
12 3:1.1
12 35.1
I :351
REMARKS
Five miles of double travk
in 'Tananarive area used
in cnnnlon with the
Tananarive Antsirabe
line.
Branch line with the saolc
general characteristics
extend, 12 miles from
Vohidiala X11' 76) to
chrome twines at Moru-
r:uu).
Wooden ties are furnished b\ it treatment plant at
I rail. steel ties. and track har(k.Iry trust be
imported.
I i ,ore 2 lists the major c'harac'tcristic�s of the mocr-
,,.,:1
gage (rtilnla(Is of Malaga
C. Highways (C)
The basic hig)twa\ network totals approxintatel\
5,300 mile, mid consists of 1.57.1 miles of bituntinous-
stirfac�e(i romis, 2.225 miles of c'ruslicd stone and gra\ el
roads, and 1.200 miles of earth road.. :\dditionall\.
there is an undetermined but mbst';mtial mileage of
tracks throughout the renu,te� areas forming isolated
local network. %%hieh connect in places with segments
of the developed neh%ork. Farth roads and tracks
fretluentl\ are made impassaille b\ washouts :Ind
flooding during livavy rains.
The bigima} net%\ork is denser and better
developed along the east coast and southern portion of
the counts. Two main higli ads serve the island, one
extending the length of the c�otnitrs from the a \trente
northern point al Diego- Suarez to the southern tip at
\tnh(%ontbe. and the other paralleling the eastern
coastline�.:\ scstem of transverse roads connects \cith
these main higlmli s ,Intl pro ides a(vess to interior
and western areas of the country. The northern half of
the country has a sparse nM%(ork. and e\tensivr areas
in the west are devoid of roads.
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PASSING TRACK
MAXIMUM (:RIDE
MINIJI IIJI
TF:ItMINAL8 ANI)
RADIUS OF
MAXIMUM
Maxill uln
Minimum
ROUTE MILES
Going Boling
CUIty A�1'UIt F:
AXLKL(Aa
interval
length
Prrvent
Fret
Short Inns
,1/1!1.8
Mw
Tllnell Ulve Mornmanl;a....
c'.:; 1.5
10.1
17.11
12
1.313
(155 miles)
Morluuanga 'I'anunarive.,
2.5 2_5
262
17. ti
II
1,312
(711 tniles)
Tananarive Antsirabe.. l.t; 1.1; �110 1 1 .3
(411 miles)
\Ioramunga Ambutoso- 1.9 d.0 110 11.2
ratru.
(10.1 roiled
Manakuru Fianarantsou... .1.:; '.t; 262
101 miles)
and pharmaceuticals, lnacltinvr\. Cement, alcoholic
beverages, sugar, coffee, livestock, peanuts, and
timber. Export traffic� includes coffee, sugar, rice.
vaif iIla, clove� oil, manitw. mineral prod ucts�
graphite, chromite, and mica �scrap iron. and tintlrcr.
Opentting problems occ it as it result of steep grml.�s,
sharp curves, and limited axleload capacities. Seriolts
traffic interruptions resul! from lea\ y storms and
tropical cyclones which c�atae \%ashouts, landslides,
aid weakening of bridges and cokerts. I r(-i%4ht trains
from Tamatavv to Tananarive arc limited I- :i5 cars or
1,100 short tons an(I rout be hailed be lour 550 or
three 1,100 horsepom-f- locomotives in multiple units.
In the opposite direction trains are osuall\ double
livaded and are limited to 20 cars to permit adv(tnatt�
passage of east and westbound trains at all slat ions.
The CF NI is operating A a profit despite the need
for organizational and managerial reform. The
railroads are aided b( a police of un(Ierin%vAment in
the Competing high%% s%stern and by ph\sical
restrictions un truck rnosrnu its. Operating re venues
in 1971 were l'SS10.787,000. "hilt v\penditores
totaled $7.909.600.
Rails are T- section tapes ranging in %%right between
50 and lit pounds per card and vafy ing in length from
33 feet 10 inches to 39 feet 5 inches, there are 191
miles of welded rail. `ties are spaced I .S) i0 to 3,�11111 per
mi;e. Steel ties are utilized in the interior of the
c�ountn. treated woodert tics on the coast. Cruled
granite or broken stone ballast is lo(�all\.
a
ME
12 3:1.1
12 35.1
I :351
REMARKS
Five miles of double travk
in 'Tananarive area used
in cnnnlon with the
Tananarive Antsirabe
line.
Branch line with the saolc
general characteristics
extend, 12 miles from
Vohidiala X11' 76) to
chrome twines at Moru-
r:uu).
Wooden ties are furnished b\ it treatment plant at
I rail. steel ties. and track har(k.Iry trust be
imported.
I i ,ore 2 lists the major c'harac'tcristic�s of the mocr-
,,.,:1
gage (rtilnla(Is of Malaga
C. Highways (C)
The basic hig)twa\ network totals approxintatel\
5,300 mile, mid consists of 1.57.1 miles of bituntinous-
stirfac�e(i romis, 2.225 miles of c'ruslicd stone and gra\ el
roads, and 1.200 miles of earth road.. :\dditionall\.
there is an undetermined but mbst';mtial mileage of
tracks throughout the renu,te� areas forming isolated
local network. %%hieh connect in places with segments
of the developed neh%ork. Farth roads and tracks
fretluentl\ are made impassaille b\ washouts :Ind
flooding during livavy rains.
The bigima} net%\ork is denser and better
developed along the east coast and southern portion of
the counts. Two main higli ads serve the island, one
extending the length of the c�otnitrs from the a \trente
northern point al Diego- Suarez to the southern tip at
\tnh(%ontbe. and the other paralleling the eastern
coastline�.:\ scstem of transverse roads connects \cith
these main higlmli s ,Intl pro ides a(vess to interior
and western areas of the country. The northern half of
the country has a sparse nM%(ork. and e\tensivr areas
in the west are devoid of roads.
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Surface widths of tit( hilrtnlinous or bitunliaous-
trealed segments of the roa(I s\st(�tn r ;11,ge III) to Is
fvvI (:urrt�nt standmrds for fie\\ I)ItIIIIIiII Its
c�onstr(tction sIWL'if\ 15 -foot sIIrfac�t' \i(Ilhs, and most
(�listing bituntifious fir biIIIIIIillnlls- treiitt�(I segnl (if IIs
nu�et or itpprozinuUt' this standard. Sit rfacc \\i (It Iis mf
crushed stone ;Intl gravel rtta(Is range front 9 to I feel.
I)IIt ntOsI are 16 to 18'ect. 1�:artlt roods generall\ rule(�
front 10 to 18 feet, )lu� Icser \\idtIts hving mort�
prevalent mn the uninll- ro.:�(l earth roads. (:otutnrc�ted
shoulders ar:� not common mud exist oil\ ofi the
bituminous or I)itunliuous- Irt'aled rOii s of ntt,re
recent construction. Shoulders are fisuall\ of t';trth
construction and of \ariecl \\idtlls.
Bridges ()n the train high\\::,so\vr lull feel long.oc
concrete or steel structures and are 9 to 25 feel \\idc.
Concrcic slruclltrc�s igurc are the most prc\:dent.
\arro\\ timbe bridges, c()nufinn ()n the sccondar\
roads. are beil nip, �t�(1 h\ Imrnlanefit cmnt�retc or
stl�el bri(Iges ;u the ,\,tent is in1l)ro\ed and t'\Il
I�here ore :3:3 kttown bridges \\hich c\cecd ?Illl feet in
hingth. T longvs of then� Is tll(� reet�nd\ t'ompleled
2�650 -font structure o\er the 'Sofia riv ills[ north of
Port- Berge.
Ferries and fords are common throughout the
high\ \'1\ system but the list' of these facilities is
fre(Iucntl\ restricted h\ high \titer lc\els for ;1r\ing
periods during the rain\ season igenerall. \o\cntht'r
through \pril in most of the countr\ tiuhnrt�rged
stntc�hlres called radiers are also common throligholit
the road net\\ork. "I Icsc are immll\ of nl,tsmnr\ or
concrete constr11c�tion and. although t�le\,Itt.tl aho\c
the streambed to afford crossing at normal titer
le\els. they too beconu� inllr,ssable during periods of
high \\titer or seasonal flooding. 'there arc fill Immi-Is
on the network.
Responsibility for higlma\ trim port coordifi ;ltion
rests \%ith the \linistr\ (if De\clopment of the
f 1
FIGURE 3. Masonry arch bridge over Mania river
between Ambotofinandrahana and Ambositra (U/
Tcrritor\. There art' four direclorales ,:filler this
nlinisl;\. (fie of Mich. the Directorate for Public�
Works, is rc I)onsilde for constriction of I)r: :Irk and
secmfidar\ roads, ro;ul timiutenan(�e, ;,fill nlminlenance
of [ht' c(Iuilmiciit ,)ark. Work in the fivId is carried ()fit
through si\ regi()finl di\isiofis. "I�h(� ministr\'s (:antra
I'la1111 ifig Scr\ice, in (�ooI)t mIion \\ills the I)irect ra Iv
for Public Work is in cliarge of planning to
iusurt� that imvstm(�nts in higll\\a\s are made ill
ACC( r lit ur \\ith certain criteria sfich a [giving
I trio ril\ to consttuctiofi mf the if I( hea\iI\ tm\eicd
roods ;u,tl those scr\ing :Ilea, \\ills good del, ch)pIllent
I)oh�ttlial. The (:efil of Technical Svr\ice, \\ithin the
I)irecloratc for I'Ilhlic� Works, is responsiIll(- for
engineering, tendering. :111(1 mper\isi)if of road
)list mclioll. It is ade(piatcl) orgmfiizvd aficl stal fell to
t'arr\ out it sill st.mti;,l part of IIlis \\ork: hn\\e\ for
u,\[Ilifig hc\ofid it, capacil\, it utilizes consultants.
I he si\ fimait)r road c( fit rlct()rs are suhsidiarics of
I rcnch Iirills. ;m,(1 c\ en the smaller contractors are
list fit 11\ lon�igll. The It )(-it n)ud)fiildifig indfistr\ is not
\(.11 del, ch11W 1 I)t�caIIsr mf the 11 citr(�It\ of .it)iIill and
the lack of credit lacilitics and prmlessional skills.
)list rnct it ill contracts are 111111.1 11\ it\\ardcd (in the
):Isis of local or international (-(mip �titi\e I)idding.
\lost n,aintc lit ncc mf the high\\it\ net \\ork is carried
out h\ 1Ilc Bridge it cl lit ad Scr\ ice of the I)irt�ch)ratc
1f lit hlic \mrk \Iaintenancc \\irk is mechanized to
;I litrgt� t'\tt�nt. I.:,rge nl ;IiIItenance '111(1 pil\enu�nt
surfmcin,, pr( jccts :Ire c\ecuted h\ contract. Some road
c )list n,ction �Ind nl�Iinit�nancc is performed h\ a (-i\ic�
action grout) hick fitiliics the it rmvd forces ill sot ;III
Inrhlic \\irk pro)icc�ts I If rongh)fit the c lit fit r\ on
fill sII\ 1oc:tI roads.
'actors aflcet high\\;,\ c )list nicti)if '1nd
nlaifitefi:Ificc IIigh\\a\ de\elol)nlent h:cs been
restric�tcd h\ gn\crnnu�nl imlic \\hich f ors railroad
tr:ulsport. limilifi,; ime ltncnl in roads and imposing
re11tricho ns ofi the mmemciit of Irll(�ks. III addltimi,
pro\iding art m1c(Imate road ncImA m yr an e\tensi\e
geographic art�:, it It it relati\vI lo\\ dersit\ mf
I it q)ul it t it fi Iin�s, -II eco11onic pro blems.: \Ism. Ierrlin
Aild clintalc I)o11c signific:ull obstacles. to road
c� )list ruct it n .Ind r lit iIItenance. The interior of the
iJa ill loved h\ the greater I )it rt ()f the n(it A. is
c\I re fit el\ III )unlainmus. Iti\c�rs ;tr( nu if (-rOns
Throughout the island and Most Ito\\ from tit(� interi )r
ttmiird the coasts and cross the main north smith
high\\;,\ routes. 'the difficfilh of construction in
moufit:timm terroin, the necessit\ for e\tensi\e
hriclging. mid hea\ minfall'1re ma jor obstacles to the
construction and maintenance of
5
11211111111
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Timber, stone. and gravel generally are available ill
adcetuale quantities front dona -stir sources. A cl-uncnt
plant at Amboanio on the w(-st coast produces about
two- thirds of the c�ountrv's rccl ill rctncnts; the
ren lit inder is imported. Although t wre are iron
deposits in the A Ill batola ill py area, south of
"Tananarive, there a re no facilities for steel processing�
curd re
eluirenients must be na�t by imports. Bituminous
materials must also be imported. 'Transportation of all
road construction materials has bel-n costly.
A econd 5 -year development plcut to succeed the
first which ran from 196 -1 to 1968 was nwclificd (ming
to adverse economic conditions. Not all of till- t ;riginal
highwa%' development goals were achieved, and under
the present -year cc�onontic'plan (1972-7-1 %%ork will
continue on the Tananarive to Mcgo Suarez highway�
on roads to link the Lac Alaotra area to the east coast�
and on the Tananarive to Diego- Suarcz,iighwu. The
eastern coastal road is being extended. and thl- section
from Vohentar to Sanibaya is being improved and
payed under terms of an approximately US$10 million
grant by the European Development Fund in August
19T2. 'I'll(- Intem ational Blmk I I1ec�ou
and Development granted approsimatcl\ S 13).9
million ill late 1972 for ,tudie, and con,tretctiaan on
roads from Aiikirahv to \lorondava. 'Tmum i kv to
T iroanontanclicly. and it network in the I.ac ALmtr;t
region. Foreign investments in dl-yl-lopml-nt of the
bighwa s\slcrtt have bl-ern substantial; principal
participants are the European Development Fmid of
the European Communities. Kreditanslcdt fttr
Wiederaufhau (Bank for Bec�onstntc�tion) of the Fed-
eral Republic of Germany. Fund for Aid and Coopera-
tion of France, U.S. Agency for International De-
velopment, and the International Bank for Becoustr(ac-
tion and Development.
Adecluatc standards have been established for
current and futum c�o,astrcnc�tion projects. Nlinintun
senrface width of roads has been set at IS feet. and
bituminous surfacing materials are being used almost
exclusively throughout the network. Bridge construc-
tion standards have been cstablished to insure sound
construction prac�ticc, nonrestrictive dimensions. and
adequate load limits.
Excessive rainfall, mostly from December through
April� creates significant traffic interruptions. This is
especially true in the lowlands alotg the cast co;tst,
where many roads bec�o ill c badly ruttvd and
innpassable, and washouts of roadw l \'s and small
structurl-s are Irequent. Xlany of the radios become
more deeply submerged and are either dangerous to
use or entirely impassable a:; streams rise above normal
depths. Many ferries cease to operate during high
\c ater levels. IIigiway traflic is also restricted by piicr
road surfaces, sleep gr dvs, sharp curves, and narro
logy capacil\ bridges, particularly in the mountainous
interior.
Highway freight and passenger transport services
are provided throughout Madagascar mainly b\
numerous liighl\� contpetItive Snall carriers. There are
two bus c�ontpanies of some importance which
operable on the 'iigh%%a\ In
addition, 5 transport cooperatives in the T;uianarive
Province run about 3350 minibuses. The large,l freight
transport company owns 28 trucks with a carrying
capacity of 2:30 tons. A number of lnu�k cooperative,
aiso exist. the largest of wbic�b operates from 60 to 80
trucks. Excel t for insurance and periodic iuspec�tioe.
their a no regulations governing the industry.
Motor transport extends to all regions of the
country, althoetgfn the greatest transport activity
occurs in the interior regions via roads radiating ('rnru
Ti ':1.uiarive. Agric�ullural products ;and materials
related to the fanning industry constitute the bulk of
goods moved (,y(-r the road network.
As of January 19; 1 there were 87.791 vehicles
registered. inc�ludin, 15.-15: automobiles and 12.3')s
truck, and buses. There are also about -1.600
motorcycles and motorbic�yc�Ics registered. All yeiicles
and vehicle parts are imported. 'There are two vehicle
asscrtebly plants on Madagascar.' Ditritig 19T0. I.2-15
autonnobiles and 1.0 -15 trucks and vans wery
produced. Figure '1 lists characteristics of the most
important highways of lhl- MalagasyRetnnblic.
D. Inland waterways (C)
Navigation is possible on approxinnalely 1?00 nniles
of cut connected and nostly unimproved inland
waterways. less than half of which ;ere perennially
navigable. Only three waterways are used conuul-r
cially �the Canal dVS Pungalanes along the east coast.
Lac Alaotra. and tic lower reac�hcs of the Belsiboka
river on the west coast. TIIc mnnainder of' the
navigably stretches arc capable of sustaining nnk
canoe traffic.
Extending about -100 Ildivs along the cast (-()list. the
Canal des l'angalanes comprises nunu�rocns lagoons.
lakes, and streams linked by land c�ut c�analS. Much
together form the major water route of the country.
�Throngi navigation is not possible. however. because
of one uncut canal portion near Tacnalaye and a 5.5-
mile rock shelf near %lasomeloka. Although there are
places to eventually join the three unconnected
portions of the canal. chances appear Slim and hardl\
justified because of preseul light traffic.
T
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T,,Ircr
FIGURE 5. Major ports (C)
r i7, V
L
'r; iii .t qt t M �A r
IS
r
Tnmata�
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,r �1 r'f 1.
Lac Alac,tr.,. a1,1,ro%imatcls 25 miles long. is it
!ca{iti(mal link in the road rail %rater iimcrncrtt of
agricultoctl 1,rt,ducls frc,nt the north interior to tilt-
cast c o:rsl. �I'ftc Betsihok.c river, is u:n i ;al,lc
%car round for 125 milts, is the md% intl,orLml
%%aler%%a% on the %rest coast.
'Silting and floating dchris� parliculark during floor{
periods, are major impediments lc: na igatioo on all
%ralercra%s. Shifting channels and seasonal high \%inds
create additic;nal imvigationol problems. TIic�rc� :,n�
nose than 20 l,riclgcs c�rwsiug navigablc portions of
the %%ater%c;t%s: Most arc on tilt- (:anal des 1'ang:dancs.
Inland 1) mts are t%picall\ snmsll ssilh limitcd
handling facilities and storage s1,ac�c. Ilusscc r.
\lajunga on (it(- fictsihnka and Tanmt:trc on the
(:anal des 1'angalanc�s ::rc dcc1,- \r:ctcr 1,c,rts accont-
nrudating (wee rgt,ing traffic. mid \lan,voa\ on tilt�
Betsihoka is it sizable inland \%atema\ 1,t,rt. A small
fleet of barges, generally in Door cmiditiml. operates
on the main \ratcr%%a\s. The tnc,st cuntntou t\p 01
craft is titc make pirogue. Inland ssatcrstas
constnic�tion and maintenance arc 1)crfc,i mcd b
private contractors mutt( r the super\isit;tr c the
Directorate For I',thlic� Works.
C. Ports (C)
Diego- Suarez
ti' L ,fit"
t c
Maiunga
tdagasc�ar has -1 nrucjor I,t,rts. Taiiiit turc. I)icgc,-
Sc lit rez, Tule:tr, an(I :.lajuni;a Figurc 5). and 1:3 minor
1x,rts. 1'i:rsicitI an(I cc( nt) niic fac�tt,rs hart inhibited
1x,rt cic\rloltnu�nt and it(I%crsclr affected the grr,\rth
of track. There arc fesr natural harbors. ;md most of
the c�oitstal indcntalions \rhich afford 1,rt,tcction front
the (yen sca are located in n�ntr,te areas \%ith little
economic signific:otc�e or are unprotected (turn the
1,rexading \rinds and periodic hurricanes. \lost .,f the
miwerous estuaries that intermpt the co:cstlioc c�:unrot
;wcontrno(late itmriIimc tr ade because� of silting and
shifting sandbars. I'll( ph\sic�al isolation of the isl:urd*s
economic regions has forced the grnernntet;t to
maintain I i lmrts, rather than concc�nt,ralc on the
cicrclolm ciit of the ltriiwi pit I lmrts.
Tantatavc Fig it rc (i), the priiwi pit I lrurt and scc�on(1
leading c�onunerc�ial center of the c�orrnln, scrxes the
central east coast anti c�enlra1 highland regions and is
the ltrimar\ ocean terminal for �I 'ananarisr. fort
facilities a1 Taiimtii\c are ntodeni and are ser\c(I
rail and road clearance routes, enabling the Mort to
handle the nmjorih of Madagascar's maritime traffic.
Diego- Suarez it major conunerc�iol put, is also the site
of the principal Frcnch naval base for the Indian
Ocvan area and is the only natural maritime harbor in
IlC
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ti' L ,fit"
t c
Maiunga
tdagasc�ar has -1 nrucjor I,t,rts. Taiiiit turc. I)icgc,-
Sc lit rez, Tule:tr, an(I :.lajuni;a Figurc 5). and 1:3 minor
1x,rts. 1'i:rsicitI an(I cc( nt) niic fac�tt,rs hart inhibited
1x,rt cic\rloltnu�nt and it(I%crsclr affected the grr,\rth
of track. There arc fesr natural harbors. ;md most of
the c�oitstal indcntalions \rhich afford 1,rt,tcction front
the (yen sca are located in n�ntr,te areas \%ith little
economic signific:otc�e or are unprotected (turn the
1,rexading \rinds and periodic hurricanes. \lost .,f the
miwerous estuaries that intermpt the co:cstlioc c�:unrot
;wcontrno(late itmriIimc tr ade because� of silting and
shifting sandbars. I'll( ph\sic�al isolation of the isl:urd*s
economic regions has forced the grnernntet;t to
maintain I i lmrts, rather than concc�nt,ralc on the
cicrclolm ciit of the ltriiwi pit I lmrts.
Tantatavc Fig it rc (i), the priiwi pit I lrurt and scc�on(1
leading c�onunerc�ial center of the c�orrnln, scrxes the
central east coast anti c�enlra1 highland regions and is
the ltrimar\ ocean terminal for �I 'ananarisr. fort
facilities a1 Taiimtii\c are ntodeni and are ser\c(I
rail and road clearance routes, enabling the Mort to
handle the nmjorih of Madagascar's maritime traffic.
Diego- Suarez it major conunerc�iol put, is also the site
of the principal Frcnch naval base for the Indian
Ocvan area and is the only natural maritime harbor in
IlC
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FIGURE 6. Port of Tamatave (U OU)
tlti. re 'f hl n,t% ;il ha.r )l)rrates ills� litrhl.l IIiI)
repair and shil)I)uiIdin), laviiitir, I I I \lacla
Ilucrlr. the :�rl)nmllir III I)ie Su;trr/
k reduce l heeawe III lit( )Iintaiit r ia;r hirh im )lit lr it
lrr,nl the n� I)I the idaII( \I,liltn),a.:t hl,lltrra),1 {u III
i f,%c�II IIn It( c�ll�cl an(I liar %%I�II- I�(ItIiI)I)I�cl lariliti(. II,r
I lit n( llinl, ;IImII1 2 I)l the idi; tI(I tI)t,tI Iureil,n Iralll:
it i, N( I )I I I)nl\ III 'I',I Ilia l af, e III c( )fit 1111� rc�1. I I I11;1 r.
tlu� nutj( r I)I)rl IOr 1111 \%I II rn ,In(I )lit It( ra I iIIII i
all I)c�r;lII lu)rt lit -I\ hI�( IIIe it II:I thr nlrnl II tereO
rua(I tea(I in the ,Ir-it Thi I)nrI clI I iIler I) II r l,:t
Iheen I�Illurhecl. i t I I alunt;"i(le (It IIII IIn Ill e(I II)
arellrIIIIII clit le Ilc�ean %e..el�
\Irll� Il Ii 111 )r IIO rte are 11 {)1 t(1 111,1 rill ll le Ir, 1(II':
e%eral ere inll)r1)\e(I IIIIrinl; the I9fitl.. ,III(I ,Ire
heist; Iiwd it c r at IIic h {InI(Inrr (r( )III inland
,I rl'll I` l' �Illl�t 111 h\ 191,1`1.(I I' 11 I')I I I I�
unr �I (llr
If 1 111 (r.)rl. \l.11l�I,.Il.lr l'nl �II1
111
rnrr :Il1 allrllII.Itr hI nu�rt the I,I III rn.lrilililt- II.I111-
rrt {nin�nn n h.
l�.\rt�I)t If T;I1!1.i:;ll�..III rt,nlnn�rri:tl ln)1 f:ll�iiiIil
.)rl 11 "111 (I 1:11(1 11)1�r:ltl�cl l,\ ;III 1)1'1 ).l rt nil Ilt III
\I;Iritilnl� I Irt II t- :IIII lit �a( �I,iI III .ICI -II c�\
I,( till� \I illi'tn III I)1' `.1'I I 11)I111�nl 1 1 till I'vrriIf)r
IIIIi1 1 \r it.terlll l,\ th1 \I.III I l ,l.
I)1� 11( 111 I)I.III 11)I IIf I .1 r1� roll lllll'll tllrl))III
1971 III Ilic wc(md rct itimnil lll.l I 'I'll( I)rl r;I III I:III
II) II�II thr I)rr,lk\catrr ntl)Ir. Illy Iltrnkllin),
,1(1(!itif) lit l rll\rI'#-d I11r.t_ I)IliI(IiII, illId h, Ill( IIin),
r(lrliI)rnent at I It; I \t', .111(1 If )I IInI\iclin), i it( lntriitI
Iil�\111,i) ill, it mid hiI)- II- I),IiI IariIiI it hir �Itl)t
I, it l.rn in \itrI it( 1;1 li,t\ in th- Ilt fit II Stu( liI
rrlatrll II) Idirt i If 11)rl)\rrnrnt. indII(Iin), trc�hlli(Iln� n)
IIIIiti /;IIiIIII I)I r,ir),I) Ir1III IiIIt'r' ;VI( I 1),1111�(; (;Ir),1
are miller rinl'idl-IA if III ;II .r\1.111 l)I)rt�.
(:ll.11artrrktir. tmii )r III Irk :trr list, (I ill l�il,urr
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F.`Rierchant marine (C)
The Malagasy Republic depends on foreign
shipping for the transport of most of its international
seaborne imports and exports but relics upon its own
small merchant fleet for the carriage of it sizable
domestic interchange of goods. The nu nhaut fleet of
ships of 1.000 gross register tons (g.ut...I and over
consists of nine shi totaling 10,96-1 g.r.t. or 59,2
deadweight tons (d.%y.t.). as follows:
Tym, No. c:.t r. D.W.T.
Dry cargo 21,317 30,826
T anker 1 18,048 2(;,100
Chemical carrier 1 1,599 2,300
Of the� fleet S total deadsceight tonnage. 2S`; (two
ships) are less than 10 sears old, (if li (four ships) are
behyeeu 10 and 1.1 years old, and I I (three ships) are
between 15 attd 20 years old. Seven ships k'six do cargo
and one chemical carrier) are betsyeen 1.500 and 3,010
d.w.t.; the remaining ships are it 1.1.500- d.\y.t. dr\
cargo unit and it 18.0.18- d.w.t. tanker. All ships are
diesel powered and have operating o 12 to 16
knots.
Merchant tonnage is controlled by the following
four beneficial owners (entities (rich take the profit or
Inss from operations). Societe Mal/;ac�hr de� Transports
Murititnes (S1'I' \11, 'I'anatac. is the national
shipping line and owns one 1- 1.500- d.%%.t. dry cargo
unit. SNITM is it joint shipping c�ontpany in \yhich t1w
government and several foreign shipping cumtnuties
hold capital shares. Compa/;nic� llacraise et a
Peninsulaire. Paris, is an SNVIAI shareholder and also
mvns and operates under Nlalagas% registry six do
cargo ships totaling 16,326 d.w.t. Societe :llarilin� de
Madagascar. Tananarive. outs one 2,300- d.w.l.
c�Ftetnical carrier. Societe Frwwaisc de 7'catspor�ts
Petroliers, S.A.. Paris. owns one 2(1,10(1 d.w.t. tanker.
Although the merchant fleet is prin,aril% engaged in
trade bet%%ven domestic ports and ports of the cast
coa of Afric at least two ships serve ports of west
Africa. Western Europe, the� Middle bast. and Far
East.
The \M:dagaS\ Republic is it rnernber of the Inter-
Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization
(IMCO) and it part' to the following 1X1 CO
CortvcntionS: Safet\ 'of Life at Sea, 19I8 and 1960:
Prevention of Collisions at Sea, 1960; Oil. Pollrttiom,
1934 and 1962; and Load Lines, 1966.
G. Civil air (C)
Air transportation is well do :eloped utul is the train
tmeans of transport within the� country. :fir
Madagascar. the national air carrier, maintains a
dens� but uuprofilablc, route network. Foctr airports c,f'
entry� Tatianarivc� I\ato. T:ctnata%(.. Maiun-'a
lntboro\ and Fa,certe loo \cc.\ lice
(island) in the nortimest)� provide international
c�oumectious.
:fir Madagascar commenced operations in junuan
1962; ownership is divided between the- ;ulagasy
Republic Government (51 `1 :fir France 1 -1 and
private interests. Air Madagascar provides it
comprehensive network of service, to 50 domestic
points: service four times it \%cek to the island of
Reunion: service twice it week to France and the
French Territory of the Afars and Issas; and weekly
services to Tanzania. Mozambique. Kenya. It;d\ and
the Comoro Islands. Air Madagascar's don(� tic�
network comprises five major routes, all "rariiating from
T;utanarke to the main coastal ports. Tilese basic
ro.- ttes cover approximately 3,750 miles. .fir
Madagascar initiated all air taxi service in 19(x5 and
took over the (list ribrttorslti1) of Piper aircraft. 'I'werth
light aircraft are utilized ()it air taxi, agricidtural, and
charter operations, and an Aerospaliale -262 seryes
as the exec�utiye aircraft of the President of the
Malagasy Republic. Air Madagascar leases time om it
Roeiug ;U. for the nntnd trip twice a week to Paris and
Marseille via Djibouti in the Drench Territory of the
:Afars and Issas. I'll(- chief problems of the airline are
lack of trained Malagas personnel and inadequate
financing: consequently. the carrier continues to rely
heavily ()it :fir France for ntanageri;cl and technical
support.
Madagascar is also served by the Madag ;tscar :fir
Works rkm it small general aviation company
aifiliated with :fir Madagascar that began in 1951.
has M) Piper and Cessna aircraft. primarily
engaged in crop dusting and spraying :utiyilies I,ul
also in some nlisc�ellancocts charter work.
'I'll( 15 aeroc�lubs, an important element in local
aviation, are subsidized by the government and are
authorized to perform charter work and ether
activities. They employ an estimated 35 light aircraft.
Approximately 1,15 civil aircraft are based in
X�tadagasc�ar. including 13 \(rich are under French
registration. Of the 10 aircraft having it gross weight of
over 20,000 pounds. Air Madagascar owns 9 -1
Acrospatiale N -262, 2 Roving 7"7-200, 1 Douglas D('-
3C, and 5 Douglas DC-Ts. The airline also wet leases
time on a Roving 707 -320 from ;fir France. The
Malagasy Republic Government myns i t Douglas DC-
3A. The light aircraft are operated by Air Madagascar.
TAX1. government agencies. acrocbtbs, nonaviation
enterprises, and private owners.
li
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About 1,200 persons, including all estimated 200
pilots, are engaged in civil aviation activities in the
country. Air \ladagascur employs over 800 personnel
including 23 pilots, 20 other flight crew nu�nbers, 2i11
uuinte�nancc. and .300 traffic and sales personnel. The
genc% for the Safety of Air Navigation in Africa and
Madagascar (ASEC:NA), which provides navigational
services under contract to the government, enploys
about iUU. Air Madagascar's inec�hanics, most flight
crew members, and about 5W(' of its pilots are French
nationals.
The aeroc�lubs provide schools fo: the traiuiug of
private pilots. \lacy commercial pilots are Frene�h
nationals, and most commercial pilot training takes
place in France. ASECNA operates a school near
Tananarive for air Laffic controllers and airport
nanagers. Students also attend the 'I'mining Center
for Civil :Aviation and Meteorolop in Tunis. Other
technical training facilities available locally include
tit(- National Mcteorologic�al Service and the
University of Madagascar. hotl located :tt 'I':u :uia
rive. 111 govenunent sponsor an infornr.tiun
I rogrnuri in the schools to enc�otr,t;e interest in
aviation.
Air Nhdai;:tscar operates the major civil aircraft
maintenance� facility at 'I'ananariye lyato. All
nmintenalice for :fir Madagasc�ar's reciprocating
engine aircraft as well as contractual maintenance for
other civil aircraft is performed at this facility. Jet
aircraft ramp service, electronic repair, and emergency
repairs are also available. Major overhaul of the
Boeing aircraft is done at Johannesburg under
contract with South African Aimays. Madagascar :fir
Service also maintains a repair Shop for light aircraft al
'l'ammurive /Ivato. TAM has its maintenance facility
at 'I'ulear airfield. aaintenalice on most t pes of light
aircraft is also provided at a fac�ilih operated by the
aeroelub at Diego,- Suarez.
"I'hc Directorate of ::iyiI Aeronautic�S and
,Mcteorology within the Ministry of Dcyelopnu nt of
the 'Territory is responsil.le for regulating civil aviation
and follows International Civil Aviation Organization
ICAO) requirements. ASECNA, a multinational
public establishment with headquarters in I'aris, has
the responsibility for air navigation and route services.
'I'he Malagasy Republic is it member state of ICAO
and a participating state in VF,RI'I'AS, it French
company providing airworthiness, accident inves-
tigation and personnel !ic�ensing services. The
government has civil aviation agreements or informal
arrangements with 12 countries and territories. Four
foreign carrie provide international service between
.Madagascar and 13 cities in Europe, Africa, and
neighboring islands.
H. Airfield S2 (C)
The air facilities system of' .ladagwc�ar consists of
Ifni usable airfields, about 200 sites, :;net li caplarte
stations. One airl'ield is joint civil; military, are
military, I is for guycnmiciit use only. and the rest are
either civil or private. The airfields are fairly c veil\
distributed over the islard, wilh the more import:utt
located near the� larger metropolitan areas.
"fatumarkv,.'Ivatu :Airfield Figure 8) at 'I'mumarive
is the l arge st and most rnorlern airfield on
Madal!.asc�ar. It can support su1affled operations of
aircraft up to awl including the Boeing i11i 11
asphaltic c�onc�rety runway is 10, 1 feet in length and
is well maintained as arc the taxiways and aprons.
Complete support and repair fac�ilitics are available.
Other significant airfields are Majunga Amborm y.
"1':uunariye Ariyonimano and 'I'amutaye. The two
military airficicls are Diego Sua :1ndrelaku an