N. KOREAN PATROL BOATS SEIZE U.S. SPY SHIP WITH 83 ABOARD

• Document Type: FOIA
• Collection: FOIA Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 06638269
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 188
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2022
• Document Release Date: August 31, 2018
• Case Number: F-2017-00205
• Publication Date: January 29, 1968

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FBIS
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N. Korean Patrol
Boats Seize
U.S. Spy Ship
With 83 Aboard
�US. Navy Fhota
This is the USS Pueblo seized by the North Koreans today.
NOUN
KOREA
.-213
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U.S.S. Pueblo
Believed Taken
Into Red Port
Communists Also
Seen Stepping Up
Attacks in South
By BERNARD G1VERTZMAN
Stvr Stall Writer
A U.S. Navy intelligence ship
with 83 men aboard was cap-
tured by North Korean patrol
boats today amid signs of step-
ped-up Communist military ac4
tivity in South Korea.
The Navy ship apparently Was
taken to a North Vietnam port.,
The Defense Department said
the USS Pueblo, a 179-foot "in-,
telligence collection auxiliary
ship" carrying two 50 caliber
machine guns, was surrounded
by four North Korean patrol
boats and boarded by an armed'
party while MIG aircraft flew
overhead.
The incident took place short-
ly before midnight last night.
EST (about 2 p.m. Tuesday,
Korean time) about 25 miles off
the North Korean coast, the
Pentagon said. This would have.
placed the Pueblo in interna.,'
tional�or open�waters.
The Pueblo radioed that it,
was being forced to proceed to
the North Korean port of Won-
san, and it was presumed that.
It was being held there.
The Pueblo radioed that it did;
not fire its weapons. There were
unconfirmed reports, however,
that there were some wounded..
aboard.
"Utmost Gravity"
Secretary of State Dean Rusk;
coed 'Azure on international',
waters "a matter of utmost
gravity."
Rush said the United States1
was hallowing up through avail-
able diplomatic channels to so-
cure the immediate release ofr
the ship end the crew.
First word from North Korear
on that incident was a broad-
cast from Pyongyang Radio
claiming that North Korea had;
captured "an armed spy boat oil
the U.S. imperialist aggressor;
force which intruded way into
the territorial waters of the re-i
public and was carrying ou0
hostile activities."
Coincidental with the capture
.of the Pueblo Radio Pyongyang,
also broadcast claims that'
"armed guerrilla units" had at-,
tacked sentry posts of the U.S.
2nd Infantry in South Korea.,
There was no immediate con-
firmation here, but there were
reports from Seoul of sporodic'
,raids in the northern part of
South Korea.
Moscow's Aid Asked
State Department sources said
the Soviet Union has been asked
to convey a U.S. demand for .
the immediate release of the',
ship and crew.
It is also expected that the
Military Armistice Conunis-
sion which is set up to super-
vise the 1953 Korean armistice
will be called to discuss not,
See SHIP, Page A4
SHIP
N. Koreans Seize
U.S. Vessel, 83 Men
Continued From Page A-i
only the ship incident but also
the rash of Communist military
activity in South Korea.
The Message
Many details on the capture.
are lacking. but according to the
Defense Department announce-
ment, this is what happened:
At approximately 10 p.m. EST
yesterday a North Korean pa-
trol boat approached the Pueblo
about 25 miles off the North Ko-
rean coast.
Using international flag sig-
nals, the North Korean boat ask-
ed the Pueblo to identify its na-
tionality. The Pueblo identified
itself as a U.S. ship.
Continuing to use flag signals,
the patrol boat said "Heave to,
or I will open fire on you."
The Pueblo replied: "I am in
International waters."
'The patrol boat circled the
Pueblo.
About an hour later, three
additional patrol craft appear-
ed.
One of them ordered: "Follow
In My wake; I have a pilot
aboard."
The four ships closed in on the!
Pueblo, taking different posi-I
lions on her bow, beam and I
quarter.
Red Planes Overhead
Two MIG aircraft were also
sighted by the Pueblo's crew
circling off the starboard bow.
One of the patrol craft began
backing toward the bow of the
Pueblo with fenders rigged. An
armed boarding party was
standing on the bow.
The Pueblo radioed at 11:45
pen. EST that she was being
boarded by North Koreans, the
Defense Department said.
At 12:10 a.m. EST today the
Pueblo reported that she had
been requested to follow the
North Korean ship into Wonsan
and that she had not used any
weapons.
The final message from the
Pueblo was sent at 12:32 a.m.
It reported that it had come to
"all stop" and that it was "go-
ing off the air."
The Pueblo had reported that
the hoarding took place at 127
degrees, 54.3 minutes east longi-
tude; 39 degrees, 25 minutes
north latitude.
The Ship
The Pueblo has a complement
of 83 men, including six officers,
75 enlisted men and two civil-
ians.
It is designated as the AGR-2
and is described as a modified
light cargo ship (AEI). The Pu-
eblo is 179 feet long and 33 feet
wide with a displacement of 906
tons. It has a 10.2 foot draft. Its
maximum speed is 12.2 knots.
Nebraskan Is Skipper
The skipper of the Pueblo was
Identified by the Pentagon as
Commander Lloyd Mark Bucher
of Lincoln, Neb. -
Navy sources said the term
"auxiliary" used in the ship's
identification serves to indicate
that it is an auxiliary to the fleet
and not a combat ship.
It is said to have various elec-
tronic and oceanographic equip�
ment aboard, presumably allow-J
ing it to monitor radio traffic as!
well as to take soundings on the �
possible presence of submarines .
and other ships in the area. e
The incident�the gravest sea
confrontation since the Gulf of !
Tonkin attacks in August l564�
is the latest in a series of prov-
ocations from North Korea over!
the past year.
Just a day before, a band of
North Koreans sneaked into
Seoul and apparently tried to
storm the Blue House, the home'
of the South Korean chief of
state, but were detected and,
driven off in a gun battle. i
There is no solid information
on why the North Koreans have
decided to increase the tempo
of their activity after years of
generally quiet adherence to
the 1953 armistice.
North Korean leader Kim 11.
Song, however, has constantly
'called for broad international.
support for North Vietnam, and
it could be that this is a diver-
sionary effort to try and weaken
the U.S. effort in Vietnam.
The North Koreans are pre-
sumably embarrassed by the ,
fact that South Korea has
con-
tributed two divisions to the al-
lied effort in Vietnam while they
have done nothing even compar-
able. The North Koreans are
said to have trained some North
Vietnamese pilots and supplied
some aircraft.
Memories of June 8
In a way, today's incident
brought memories of another
crisis, when another U.S. ship,
the Liberty, was attacked by;
Israeli planes and torpedo boats*
in the Mediterranean last June 8
�during the Arab-Israeli war�
and 34 Americans were killed
and over 100 others injured.
The White House "hot line"
Is Moscow was used during
that crisis'.
The Liberty, a communica-
lions ship, was 15 miles north
of the Sinai Peninsula, the Pen-,
tagon said, when the attack:
took place.
Israel later offered to make
amends for the "tragic inci-I
dent." in which the Israelis ,
claimed no flag was being flown
by the vessel.
The Defense Department
shortly after the incident said
that the U.S. could not accept
an "attack upon a clearly.
marked noncombatant U.S.
naval ship in inteenationd
waters as 'plausible' under an,
circumstances 111111%0611*."
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Korean Reds Seize
ES. Ship, 83 Men
Associated Press
United ?rear International
The USS Pueblo is shown under way in seized yesterday by North Korean patrol CMDR. L. M. BUCHER
this stock Navy photo. The Pueblo was boats and taken to the port of Wonsan. . . Pueblo's captain
Val..N.;
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A U.S. naval task force led by tile nuclear carrier
Enterprise was ordered toward North Korean waters
early yesterday after four Communist gunboats captured
an American intelligence ship and its 83 crewmen.
The North Korean boats forced the intelligence ship,
the USS Pueblo,( into the port city of Wonsan after the
American vessel was captured and boarded by Com-
munist crewmen.
Capture of the Pueblo took place under a cover of
Mig fighter planes in international waters 16 nautici...I
miles off the North Korean coast, accordi;:g to the De-
fense Department. The North Koreans claimed the ship
.wash within its 12-mile territorial limit.
In the aftermath of the spisode the United States in-
formed South Korea last night that it had decided to take
"certain initial measures" in response to the seizure of
the Pueblo. Ambassador William J. Porter conveyed the
word to South Korean Premier Chung 11Kwon in Scol.;i.
� Steaming toward the crisis � _ _ .
scene alongside the Enterprise
Is the nuclear-powered frigate
Truxtrun, an unspecified num-
ber of destroyers and supply
ships summoned from Jap-
anese ports. Reliable sources
reported that air cover for the
armada will be drawn, as
necessary, f r om fields in
Japan.
at 20 to 30 knots, Ili,.
task force was due by ni:,;b1-
fall off North Korea's eastern
coast near where the US'S
;Pueblo was seized by the
1North Korean Navy.
The Defense Department's
!deputy information chief, Dan-
iel 1. Henkin, reported lss
!night that not until the actual
boarding had begun�an hour
and 45 minutes after the first
'patrol boars appearance�did
�the Pueblo's skipper radio foci
help.
In the Defense 'DepartmeliC �
� view, the .Puebbo's captain
'acted entirely on his own in
'electing to heave to and sur-
render witliPut a fight. At
no time, Henkin said, did the
skipper ask permission to scut-
tle his ship rather than sec it
fail into North Korean hands.
Ilenkin said the skipper,
Cmdr. Lloyd M. Bucher, sent
.two messages indicating that
four crewmen were wounded,
one critically.
Although North Korea
claims its territorial waters
lextend outward 12 miles, the
United States only recognizes
a three-mile limit. The geo-
graphic coordinates released
by the Pentagon indicate the
Pueblo was approximately 15
miles from the mouth of the
Wonsan harbor when the
North Korean patrol boats
closed in on her.
Reliable sources reported
the Pueblo lay quiet with en-
gines off as first one, then
three additional patrol boats
!took up positions around her.
With her sophisticated elec-
tronic and acoustic monitoring
devices, the intelligence ship
probably heard the North Ko-
rean craft as they approached
In broad daylight.
It is not known whether the
Pueblo's crew had a chance to
See PUEBLO, A6, Col. 1
kcd on the high seas by a
reign power with which this
Nation was not actively at war.
" In recent years, however,
D.S intelligence ships operat-
Carrier Enterprise
Leads a Task Fleet
Ordered Into Area
destroy the ship's top-seeretlEast, heard the news at 12:30
intelligence equipment before a.m.
their capture. However, almost! There was r.3 word last,
all such devices feature a fnight as to when Secretary of
"destruct" switch that triggers Defense Robert S. McNamara
a self-contained charge of ex-or other top Pentagon officials
plosive for use during emer-j were alerted or whether they
gerteies. had given the ship any orders.
President Johnson was Not since Feb. 4, 1862, has
awakened between 2 and 2:30 a-U.S. naval vessel been cap-
a.m. yieterday, according to etledareast=
tureo:t. lmnha
White !House Press Secretary cutter, damaged by Confed-
Gcorge4Christian. He said that erate shore fire, was captured
presidential aide Walt W. Ros- in Galveston harbor.
taw had done so to give him But naval historians could
an "advisory" as to what had ilia cite a single instance of
occurred. At that hour, the. an American ship's being hi-
ship hid gone off the air and
been taken to the North Ko-
rean port of Wonsan.
Secretary of State Dead
Rusk was aletted througif
the State Departrhent's opeMAng off the North Korean
tions center around midnigV; eoast have been haraseed by
Washington time. Assistoitt the North Korean navy. This
Secretary William P. Burnt, caused speculation yaltterday,
whose area is all of the Far , that the Pueblo' a4skipper
A,
e,
This detailed U.S. Mr Force map shows the spot where
U.S. officials say the, DSS Pueblo was captured in
international waters by North Korean patrol boats.
The heavy dotted line across Korea is the 1953 cease�
Lire line between North and South Korea.
E:4
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'Pueblo, Using international
'signals, it requested the. Pueb-
lo's nationality. The Pueblo into and out of South Korea
'identified herself as a U.S.. on temporary tours of duty.
Iship. Continuing to use flag More often than not, these
.signals, the patrol boat said: squadrons are -blfied at K-55,
I 'Heave to or I will open fire
on you.' The Pueblo repliedlaonsaanirn lia,ase near the village of
about 30 nautical
'I am in international wa- 'miles south of Seoul.
' ters.' The patrol boat circled: As fighters fly, K-55 is just
i the Pueblo." � 117 minutes from the spot
1 (It was learned yesterday 'where the Pueblo encountered
that one or more of the Ko. trouble. Other major air bases
rean craft carried batteries of �K-8 at Kunsan and K-2 at
40-mm. cannon, more than a Taegu--are less than half an
match for the Pueblo's 50-cal.'
machine guns.) hour by jet from the same
.spot.
The Pentagon announce-: K-55, moreover, can carnmu-
:rent continued: . nicate with the powerful U.S.
"Approximately one hour ,radar station perched atop a
later, three additional patrollbluff on Paengnyong-do Island
craft appeared. One of them !in the 'Yellow Sea.
ordered: 'Follow in my wake;.the site's nickname, sits a mile!
I have a pilot aboard.' The :south of the 38th parallel Mil
four ships closed in on the, the west coast of North Korea. I
Pueblo, taking different posi- I It is understood this Ground'
tions on her bow, beam and I Control Intercept radar is
quarter. Two ...Wig aircraft 'powerful enough to reach'
wore also sighted by the across North Korea and pick
Pueblo circling off the star-:up hostile aircraft in the area
board bow. :being patrolled by the Pueblo.;
"One of the patrol craft Yet there is no evidence U.S.
began backing toward the bow fighters were scrambled to
of the Pueblo with fenders .ward off the North Korean pa.
ri.;.ged. An armed boarding :trot boats and their Mig-17
party was.. standing on the: fighter cover.
how.
"The Puublo radioed at
11:45 p.m.: t.4..t she was being
boarded by lskrth Koreans.
"At 12:10: a.m. EST today
(Tuesday), the Pueb10.44, re-
ported that she had higlif re-
might rot have suspected:at least one hour and 45 min-
arta too late, that the patrol: utes notice that the Pueblo
craft intended more than a!was in serious trouble. Even
, through its captain did not re-
minor provocation.. Icolest immediate aid, that much
In a terse statement, the Del time elopsed between the op-
lense Department released thelpearance of the first North
following account of the Pueb..1Korean patrol boat and the
les capture: 'boarding of the Puebla
"At approximately 10 n S fighters failed to
lres.cTue the. beleaguered ship
EST (Monday) a North Korean ;raising the question, why?
patrol boat approached the i The U.S. 5th Air Force,
whose jurisdiction includes
Korea, customarily rotates
fighter squadrons from Japan
The capture of the Pueblo
'was reminiscent of the 1964
Tonkin Gulf incident in whichl
North Vietnamese torpedo
boats reportedly attacked two!
U.S. destroyers. President
Johnson retaliated by order-
quested to follow tha North log U.S. fighter-bombers to
Korean ships into Wonsan and I destroy the North Vietnamese
that she had not used any:bases from which 'such craft
weapons. operated.
� "The final message from the This raid, the first on North
Pueblo was sent at 1232 am. Vietnam, preceded by six
It reported that it had come to months the beginning of sus-
'all stop' and that it was 'going tamedhombing attacks.
off the air."'
The North Korean
prornotly charged Lie Pueblo,
was a "spy ship" ergaged in.
"hostile activities" Inside its.
'territorial waters. Radio Pyon-
gyang also linked the Pueblo's
presence off Wonsan to recent
[raids on the South Korean
!capital of Seoul by unidenti-
fied insurgents.
North Korea alleged that as
a result of the roic14. which. :t
said was carried out by South
:Korean guerrillas. U.S. arid
� South Korean authorities had:
I gone into a "fit of frenzy."'
The guerrillas, Radio Pyon-
I gyang said, had fired "thou-
sands of rounds" of small
:arms and artillery across the'
'demilitarized zone during'
their alleged attempt to assas-
sinate South Korean President
�I Park Chung Hee.
I Barring a communications!
broakdown. U.S. 5th Air Force!
: headquarters near T01;y3 had
NORTH �
KOREA )f
�
.:""Pyongyalig
� f " \`��
qr.
Sesul
es.." SOUTH
KOREA
Pusan I�
:
if
U 5 $.-}r'c.
Illadivottok
4
HONSHU
SHIKOKU
KYUSHU
Sin, 24, 1968 Wulannton P0,1 9140 by Steve Mutt
Map. shows approximate position of the 1:SS Pueblo
when it was seized by North Korean patrol boats and
taken to the port of Wonsan. The nuclear carrier Enter-
prise, which had just left Sasebo, Japan,. and other U.S.
vessels were reported moving toward North Korea.
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LAI to Try Diplomacy First
To Free Ship and Its Crew
Sly Chalmers
Wnicr
President Johnson has avail-
able both diplomatic and mill-
tare Options in his efforts to
secure the return of the Amer-
ican ship and its crew seized
by North Korea.
Admiuistratiou off icia Is
stressed last night that he had
made no decision on what step
know whether the diplomatic
to take next. First he wants to
efforts will succeed. If they fail;
;he now has the option of using'
'Ills massive military power.
'moved yesterday into the Sea of �
Japan off North Korea.
- 'The officials indicated that,
some decision is possible!
!shortly on military action if
the North Koreans do not
promptly release the Pueblo'
and its crew.
These officials said last
'night that whether there is a
new war between the United
:States and North Korea is
,Wholly up to the Communists.
A National Security Council
meeting is scheduled for 1
p.m. today at the White House
at which there is expected to
be an assessment of the diplo-
matic efforts to win release of
the Pueblo.
At a meeting of the Korean
Mixed Armistice Commission
lust night, Washington time, at
Panmunjom on the line which
divides North from South
Korea, the United States de-
manded the return of the ship
and crew.
American Bear Admiral
.7ohn V. Smith also demanded
an apology from the North
Koreans. He called seizure of
the Pueblo "the most heinous
crime" since the outbreak of
the Korean War in 1950.
Smith coupled the ship inci-
dent with the rising number
of North Korean incursions
into South Korea across the
demilitarized zone and he
:warned that if they continued
, the responsibility for the
.consequences would rest on
:the North Koreans.
; The United States also has
'moved on the diplomatic front
to free the ship by asking the
Soviet Union to intervene. A
message was given the Rus-
Sce EFFECTS, A6, Col. 1
Sians in Moscow yesterday
:alertly after the seizure of the
vessel.
Administration officials yes-
terday viewed the Pueblo inci-
dent, which caught Washing-
ton by total surprise, as the
most serious in Korea since
the armistice on July 27, 1953,�
ended the bloody three-year
war.
The seizure was character-
ized as a "matter of utmost
gravty" and the State Depart-.
a..ent moved at once for a dip-
lomatic solution. The move-
ment of the naval force,
headed by the nuclear-pow-
:d carrier Enterprise al-'
:ro.idy was under way by that
time.
State Department officials
terded to believe that the!
l'earth Koreans had seized'
capon "a target of -opportunity"
Sr challenging and 'then seiz-
ine; the Pueblo wilach had
enen in the � aria tor two
These officials mid they did.
ref: believe the. ot was part of
concerte Communisti
plan to open* second front
e.gLnat the mated States in!
Asia. However, they pointed
cut that the � North Koreans
eaee stepped up both their in-
eiltration of South Korea and
the violence of their verbal at-'
tacks on the United States!
(e'er the last year or so.
The Washington reading is,
tam the doctrinaire North Ko-
rean Communists hope to;
spark a guerrilla war in South I
Korea which would lead to the!
overthrow of the American-
supported government in I
Seoul and to unification of the'
country under Communist
rule.
Secretary of State Dean
Besk told newsmen he consid-
ered the incident "a matter of
utmost gravity." At the White
House it was characterized as
a "very serious Situation."
Later, in a formal statement,
the State Department said the
�
United States "views this ac-
lion by North Korea with
utmost gravity.".
'the Department said the
United States at once had
asked the Soviet Union, via
tile American Embassy in
Moscow, to help obtain release
cf the ship and its crew. It
was also announced that the
aeizure would be brought up
at a meeting of the Mixed Ar-
raistice Commission which had
been due to meet at 9 o'clock
last night on the earlier at-
1,impt by North Korean infil-
trators in the South Korean
apital of Seoul to kill Presi-
cent Park Chung Hoe.
At the United Nations, Am-
bassador Arthur J. Goldberg
lied on C.N. Secretary Gen-
eral U Thant to express Amer-
ican concern. He said he did
not then have sufficient ce-
tails to call for any U.N. ace
rion. �
ture of what occurred, espe-
cially the PentagOes failure to
explain e. Pueblo had
not called1tt- support from
bases close by in South Korea,
Japan and Okinawa, led many
officials to withhold judgment.
While Administration offi-
cials spoke of getting the ship
and the men back as quickly
as possible, there was no cer-
tainty that this would oecur.
North Korea said that the
"spy ship" had intruded Mho
its territorial. seaters al:to-Jam,
the United States said the!
Pueblo was 25 miles off there.'
The last case of Arneeicea
servicemen beinq captured
was in 1993 when two Arm,
helicopter pilots were forced
down north of the Korean di-
viding line. They were re-
leased a year later.
While the United State's em-
phasized what it termed 'the
seriousness" of "this feeerant.
North Korean action en the
high seas," North Korea man.-
iated what it called the Anwri-
can "imperialists" and their
' armed ship."
Pyongyang Radio, the offi-
cial voice of North Korea, yes-
terday boasted of guerrilla
raids on American sentry posts
along the. Demilitarized Zone
which divides the two Koreas.,
The broadcast said the raids'
took place "as the armed'
struggle of revolutionary peo-
ple spreads everywhere in,
South Korea."
This has been the North Ko-
rean line for some time, claim-,
ing that the United States was
trying to suppress an uprising
of South Koreans. A broadcast,
on Jan. 10 charged that four,
days earlier "many armed!
boats, mingled with fibbing!
boats, wider . ttiO escort of
armed warships," had in-
truded into North Korean
coastal waters. The broaddaest
Claimed that "escort boat num-
ber 56" had been "cant to the
bottom" in such an incident a
year ago.
Earlier broadcasts charges
that American reconnaiszeree
planes had flown over Norte
Korea. American ground pro-
vocations also have been
charged.
On the other hand, a Gold-
berg report to the C.N. cmi
Nov. 2 stated that as of that
time in 1967 there had beet
543 North Korean incidents in
violation of the armistice as
contrasted to 50 incidents in
all of 1966. Goldberg reported
that North Korean armed raid,
era had invaded the South by
both land and sea.
These infiltrators in some
eases. Goldberg's report
stated, had "attempted unsuc-
cessful:a, to organtze a form of
guerrilla activity." Nearly all
of the infiltzatora had been
killed or captured, added,
by Korean forces. police
with "a/111,441W, most
of fectiVr as 'n e ci-
The lack of a complete pie., vilian popuISIL
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Hill Calls for Action
To Recover Seized Ship
Congress reacted ang,riiy.
yesterday to North Korea's.
capture of the American intel-
ligence ship, the USS Pueblo.
There were calls for mili-
tary action to recover the ves-
sel and its 82-man crew from
the city of Wonsan, where it;
was forced into port.
Sen. Richard B. Russell (D-
Ga.), Chairman of the Senate
Armed Services Committee,'
called the seizure "almost an
act of war." His House coun-
terpart, Rep. L. Mendel Rives
(D-S.C.), said, "I hope the
President will take all neces-
sary steps to restore this ship
to our fleet."
Some, including critics cf
the Administration's policy in
I Vietnam, suggested that the
commitment there was
'responsible for the North
'Korean action.
I Sen. J. William Pulbright
'ID-Ark.), Chairman of the For-
eign Relations Committee who
is quietly probing the 1964
:confrontation in the Tonkin
'Gulf, and Sen. Stuart Syming,-
:ton (D-Mo.) said the American
.commitment in Vietnam has
allowed other countries to
move against the U.S. with
impunity.
Sen. George D. Aiken (R-
Vt.) suggested that "North
Korea is irritated because
South Korea is supplying 40,-
000 troops to South Vietnam."
One of the strongest reac-
tions came from Rep. Bob Wil-
son (R-Calif.), who demanded
that the United States take
military action "at once" to
See REACT, A6, Col. 41
recover the Pueblo and her
crew. Wilson also raised three
critical questions that were
!echbed by a number of legisla-
Itors.
' The three that "must he
:answered were, he said: N1/4 hy;
!wasn't air cover sent? Why
.wasn't there "adequate mili-
tary protection" for the patrol-I
ling Pueblo? Why wasn't the
shin scuttled by Its captain
and crew before it was
boarded by the North Koreans
"to prevent our secret intelli-
gence equipment from falling
Into enemy hands?"
Senate Majority Leader
Mike Mansfield (D-Mont.)
called the seizure "a clear vio-
lation of international law"
-and said he assumed the Gov-
ernment will.rnake "the neces-
sary proteSCand objections"
through thelgoviet Union and
'Japan, which have diplomatic
-relations with North Korea.
"This is typical, I think, of
things we're going to have a
lot more of," Symington said.
"The South Koreans are just a
few yards away (from North
Korea) at the Demilitarized
Zone. We've got several divi-
sions there. The North Ko-
reans are supplied by China,
and I guess the Soviet Union.:
Maybe it illustrates that when
the cat's away the mice wiU
play�after all, we're prettyl
heavily engaged in Vietnam."
Rep. William H. Bates (R-
Mass.), senior GOP member of
the House Armed Services
Committee, condemned the
seizure as "a dastardly act of
piracy," while Rep. Durward
G. Hall (R-1110 said "these
provocations" demanded an
immediate and forceful re-
sponse.
Although Russell agreed
with Symington's contention
that the United States was
widely spread militarily
around the world, he said the
country was "capable of ful-
filling any of our commit-
ments we may have in Korea
and at the same time maintain
our posture in Vietnam".
House GOP Leader Gerald
R. Ford of Michigan said the
North Korean should release
the ship "forthwith."
"If the vessel was cruising
in international waters, as was -
apparently the case, there is
no justification whatever for
--{
the action taken by the North'
Koreans," he said.
Rep. Spark M. Matsunagal
W-Hawaii) said the United
States should call on the ,
United Nations to condemn!
i"this act of piracy."
Outside Congress, the man
I who negotiated the 1953 armis-
tice in Korea, Gen. Mark W. 'Clark, who is now the presi-
Clark, said in Charleston, S.C.,' dent of The Citadel, a military.
that the seizure of the Pueblo-school,
was a lesson for persons de-.
manding negotiations in Viet-
! "It doesn't surprise me. It
angers me, of course. But this
nam. !isn't the first time the enemy
"The conference table is in Korea violated the semis-
just an extension of the war' tice. As soon as I signed it
for the Communists," saidl they began to violate it."
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�
An official Navy picture of the I:SS Pueblo. Numbers (explained below) locate the vessel's special equipment.
The USS Pueblo An Intelligence Ship
The I:SS Pueblo, one of a large fleet
of American intelligence-gathering
ships, carries millions of dollars worth
of secret electronic equipment Its elec-
tronic gear enables the crew to listen
to land, sea ant, air communications
within its surveillance range.
Intercepted communications are re-
corded on tapes that go ultimately to
Washington where experts try to fit
them into a world-wide intelligence
pattern.
By capturing the Pueblo the North
Koreans and other Communist powers
may well learn about the latest Amer-
ican intelligence-ferreting techniques.
The above photograph, released by
the Pentagon, shows some of the in-
telligence equipment that will now be
available for North Korean inspection:
1�The twin antennae, called Yagis,
showt where signals are coming from
50 other equipment on the ship can
focus on there.
2�The long poles appear to support
cables for transmitting messages to
submerged submarines by means of
low frequency radio waves that can
penetrate the sea's surface to about 50
feet.
3�The radar equipment appears to
be designed for bouncing signals off
the troposphere. This gives the ship
still another way to listen or transmit
messages. This tropospheric communi-
cation technique has special advan-
tages for eavesdropping on airplanes
and their ground controllers.
4�There is a dome-Shaped antenna
pointing skyward at this location, bare-
ly visible in the photograph. This prob-
ably is the chief means of communicat-
ing with airplanes and eavesdropping
on their conversations.
5�The Pentagon photograph shows
a deck winch at this location. But this
winch, left over from when the Pueblo
acted as an auxiliary, probably has
been removed to make room for elec-
tronic equipment such as the giant ear
used on the USS Liberty, sunk by the
Israelis during the Middle East war.
6�This is the logicci ineaCon for
tape recordinSlitipment that records
communicatio44ntercepted by the
Pueblo. The areelnight even be sealed
off from the igat of the ship�as was
the ease in the USS Liberty.
7�Unless the Pueblo has had its
hu.:1 modified mar underwater listening
equipment, the ship trails a lone line
of hy-drophones behind it as it moves
through the water. The listening line
is beneath the surface. dragged down
by a planing device, and has weighted
hydrophones hanging from it like a
crabber's trot line.
Each ship makes ailWinctive sound
underwater, called its signature by
ferret specialists. These signatures
are fed into a computer by U.S. in-
telligence experts for ready compari-
son to signals recorded by ferret ships
on station.
If the Pueblo had such underwater
detection equipment, and it. most
likely did, it could listen to ships
passing by for 50 miles around.
Pa
,99 41 IA' 6.;?
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NAVAL CRISES RECALLED
Freedom of Sem Touchy Issue
T?...e North !Crean saizure of the Pueb'.3 has
raLse:t a freedotr. of the seas issue which thru
American history has meant crisis � sometimes
to Lte paint of war.
Vioiation oi the fight was a major factor in
bringing on the War of 1312. A U.S. ship seizure
aims: brought Eng:and to the point of coming on
the aide of the Ccefedetacy during the Civil War.
The sinking of the U.S. battleship Maine was a
.3.ecisive event in bringing on the Spanish-
American war. The submarine torpedoing of the
Bri,i3i1 liner Lusitania helped sway American
pubito opinion against the Germans prior to U.S.
enLry into World War I.
Historically, the War of 1912 demonstrated the
sensitivity the American people have toward vio-
lations of freedom of the seas. The conflict was
triggered by the Chesapeake affair. On June 22,
the U.S. frigate Chesapeake en route from Nor-
Ina, Va., to the Mediterranean was stopped by
tno 3ritiSh warship Leopard just outside Ameri-
can .erritarial waters with a demand that it sub-
a search for Royal Navy deserters.
W.aen the Ohesapeak's master, James M. Bar-
n.; refused, Leopard opened fire, forcing the ,
kneriean frigats to submit. Foe* seamen � twog:
a! t...arn Arrierica-.i-bcrt were impresied into
bus 3rt1sb Navy.
Lroidest soarked wer..-lawk fever befit
the oeolols and. Co:1;...o.ss and
toe.war '3f3k3 out a:ter aitiir 32:133 3!
y.:7233:113.71t. 3.31533?3.
The only pec.dsot i'ar tee Pre..7,',1
however, occurred during the Civil War on Feb.
4, 1862 when a converted,AyQue cutter on the ,
Union side, the 600-ton Harriet Lane, was rap-
tured by Confederate forces in Galveston, Tex.,
after being damaged by Southern shore batteries
off the coast of Florida. Even in this case, howev-
er, Harriet Lane was not captured at sea.
The first recorded instance of the capture of ar.
American warship was in 1800, when Barbary
pirates operating to the Mediterranean off Tripoli
succeeded in Overpowering the crew of the U. S.
frigate Philadelphia.
Historians said further research probably would
show a few more captures in the War of 1812 and
the Civil War, but no similar incident in the past
Century.
'Sorry. Sir... but the North-Koreans Captured One of Our
Spy Ships. We Lost Four H-Bombs Over Greenland. We
Invaded Cambodia, Bobby Might Thin
2cf.
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U.S. on Diplomatic Tip-Toe
The United States, confronted with the most
perilous situation in Korea since the 1953 armi-
stice, was moving quietly but forcefully thru dip-
lomatic channels today to secure .the return of the
USS Pueblo and her crew.
Johnson administration officials said North Ko-
rea's seizure of the U. S. Navy intelligence vessel
in international waters appeared to be one more
"provocation" in a mounting series of communist
actions aimed at eventually destroying the
U. S.-backed government of South Korean Presi-
dent Park Chung Hee.
MANEUVER
They said the North Korean communists proba-
bly hoped that their action at sea, as well as their
stepped up infiltration and terrorism in South Ko-
rea, also would help Hanoi by distracting Ameri-
can attention and resources.
But the primary objective of the Pueblo hijack-
ing, in the view of officials here, was to press
forward the campaign for the ultimate communi-
zation of the entire Korean peninsula.
The Russians, whose aid the United States has
sought in this affair, had no editorial comment on
it. On the basis of Soviet actions during the past
few years it was assumed the Kremlin wanted to
hal a way to defuse the situation and divert the
peril of a renewed Korean war without causing
the North Korean communists to lose too much
fazes in the proms.
RENEWED WAR
No official would go so far as to predict that
the Pueblo incident, along with the attempted
acAnksination of President Park and other ac-
tions, would lead to a resumption of hostilities in
Korea. But such a possibility could not�be
counted entirely.
The official North Korean newspaper, Rodong
Shinmoon, said Sunday that President Johnson's
policies in Vietnam had created "a tense situa-
tion in which a war may break out at any mo-
ment ... in our country."
On Jan. 9, about the time the Pueblo took up its
station off Wonsan harbor, another North Korean
newspaper, Minju Chosen, said the United States
was sending armed vessels along the country's
east coast.
The North Koreans. in their broadcast an-
nouncement of the capture of a "spy ship" linked
th3 affair directly to the mounting tension rising
from a sharp increase in the number of military
incilents between North and South in recent
months. RR �
File photo of the U.S.S. Pueblo.
Distress Signal Late
Spy Ships Role Foggy
By MIKE MILLER
Scripps.Howard Stet Write
Mystery today shrouded the role and actions of
the NaVy's USS Pueblo, hijacked Monday night
by conununist North Korea on an intelligence
mission off that country's coast.
After hours of officially imposed silence, many
of the sporadic Pentagon disclosures on the inci-
dent served to heighten the mystery rather than
solve it.
There were these questions:
to' What exactly was the Pueblo doing in the
Soa of Japan since it ,began its mission there Jan. ,
8?
Describing theiiieras WClligence galfg'
ening auxiliary ship," the Pentagon said It was
under control of the Navy rather than any of the
U.S. supersecret intelligence agencies.
Po Why did the Pueblo hesitate so long before
calling for help?
The vessel was first confronted by a North
Korean patrol boat at 10 p.m. Monday and told
by radio to "Heave to or I will open fire on
The Pueblo skipper did not request help until she
was boarded an hour and 45 minutes later, after
the one patrol boat had been joined by three
others and two MIGs circling overhead.
� 131e. Pentagon deduct! conunent on whether
'AnY: liedg It was probably boo
happened *id the'it. minutes from the
war.:bOardeol'011i it sent its last
engiretiswere at "all stop" and
that it was "going tiff the air?" Did a fight en-
sue?
It could have. The Pueblo's crew of 83 was
equipped with small arms and might have fought
beck before being overcome. A Navy spokesman
said the Pueblo was taken forcibly and did not
surrender. Nor did it ask for instructions while it
remained in contact with 'higher headquarters."
A/tho Pueblo radioed that it didn't fire its two
50-caliber machine guns and there was no report
of fire from the patrol boats before the boarding,
the Pueblo 'skipper reported four men wounded,
one oritically.
Po Where is the ship and what's going to hap-
pen to her?
otzil i_y
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The Pueblo Incident
T H the Vietnam war blazing
fiercely, the United States doesn't need
any more entanglements, incidents or
blunders, especially in Asia. But we
suddenly have a first class problem
with the USS Pueblo. The whole ship,
intact, with 83-man crew, Was captured
by North Korean gunboats without a
shot fired. It sounds preposterous, but
there it is.
The important thing is to obtain re-
lease of ship and crew without touching
off a new blaze. Despite some hawkish
cries from Capitol Hill, let us try diplo-
macy, thru the Soviet Union and Japan,
North Korea's neighbors, but we must
insist on prompt return of the captured
vessel.
But how did it happen, and why? The
why seems easier to answer: the com-
munist regime in Pyongyang, angered
by the sizable contribution its South Ko-
rean rival is making in Smith Vietnam,
has been stirring up trouble for months.
The seizure of the Pueblo .CoMes just
two days after the daring commando
raid in Seoul aimed at-assassinating
South Korean President Park Chung-
bee. And that abortive attempt capped
more than a year of sharply stepped-up
- . .
infiltration and sabotage. It should be �
no mystery to any American � includ-
ing U.S. Navy officers in the area �
that North Korea is distinctly hostile
territory.
But was the Pueblo in North Korean
waters and thus liable to attack or sei-
zure, as the communists claim? The
Pentagon says no, the ship was well
away from shore � at the time it was
taken in tow, at least.
Unfortunately, even in our own coun-
try there is not too much faith in the
Pentagon's version of incidents like this
one � considering the "cover" stories
on major incidents over the years.
In our judgment there was no wisdom
or prudence in positioning an "intelli-
gence collection auxiliary ship" � slow
(12 knots) and virtually unarmed (two
.50-caliber machineguns) � close in off
Wonsan harbor.
Of course our Navy has the right to
"freedom of the high seas." But the
more pertinent question is; Is it smart
for the Navy to steer such a ship, unpro-
tected, around in a known dangerous
neighborhood? -Let's -stop leading with
our chin, particularly 'when we don't
have our dukes up.
�
Shipnaping Is Called WellinPlcnined
,Ely R. H. BOYCE
�Scripps-Howard Staff Writer
Administration sources voiced fears today that
North Korea's seizure of the USS Pueblo and
recent "drastic increases" in communist attacks
on South Korea may be linked to the Vietnam
War.
'They speculated that the growing boldness of
North Korean Communists is aimed at:
V Keeping U.S. and South Korean forces so
occupied there that no more troops can be pulled
out to fight in Vietnam, thus indirectly helping
communist Viet Cong and North Vietnamese
forces. (Fifty thousand South Korean troops al-
ready are fighting in Vietnam.)
V Warning the U.S. that continued bombing of
North Vietnam could bring intensified guerilla
fighting in Korea and perhaps even another Viet-
nam-type war there.
INCTDENTS INCREASE
. Sources pointed to a report of the 'United
Nations command in Korea to the United Nations
Se:.-trity Domicil which showed that "significant
toot:lents" of North Korean infiltration into South
NaTer., by both land and sea, had increased from
only 53 in 1966 to 543 last year.
`There v.-e7e ,tirliy 30 fire-ilg:t4 betwerit opposing
forcer i-. Korea in 1964 but there were 212 hot
irte::14ges 4.4 fire in 1967, the report said. It odd-
ed that the number of North Koreans killed in
such fighting increased from 43 in 1966 to 224 in
1987, while the number' of U.S. and South Korean
troops killed jumped from 35 in 1966 to 122 in
1967.
Four South Korean civilians were killed by in-
filtrators in 1956 but 22 were killed in 1967, the
report said.-
VIOLATION
The report was transmitted 4o the security
Council by U.S. Ambassador Arthur Goldberg,
who charged that the "recent sharp increase in
the scope and intensity of the North Korean mili-
tary attacks and other armed activity in Korea
was in violation of the Military Armistice Agree-
ment signed July 27, 1953.'
The report said North Korean "armed raiders"
ranging from small groups of six or nine men up
to a group of about 60 have attacked "in carefully
planned and reconnoitered operations" and also
have concealed "numerous mines" and used
high-explosive charges to demolish buildings.
Nearly all the Infiltrators were captured, killed
or dispersed, the report said.
The abortive attempt Sunday by 31 North Ko-
reans to assassinate South Korean � presidee
� Part: Clung-Hee was the latest'in tire growing
morbor of raids � capped by the seizuic of the
� __
It is believed the Pueblo's Capture was careful-
ly planned and executed because the U.S. Navy
"intelligence gathering" ship had been engaged
in electronic eavesdropping off the North Korean
coast for two weeks. The State Department insist-
ed the ship was operating in international waters.
Military intelligence sources here said the
planned nature of the North Korean capture of
the Pueblo was borne out by the presence of four
Red gunboats which encircled the ship while two
communist mig fighter jets circled low overhead.
It was believed this display of superior North
Korean firepower made the Pueblo reluctant to
attempt a shoot-out with the enemy, altho several
crewmen reportedly were wounded by gunfire.
The Pueblo was armed only with two 50-caliber
machine guns.
But no Washington official would offer an ex-
planation of why no American help was forthcom-
ing from U.S. naval or air facilities within range
of the Pueblo.
Capture of the intelligence vessel by the com-
munists was regarded as a major coup, since the
ship was equipped with quantities of highly so-
phisticated electronic gear. There was specula-
- tion'that the sUb may have been singled out is e
target because. Lite KGrth Koreans believed it had
'athored valuatle M.Iilary information.
l>"14->f
(A'
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U. S. Mounts Show of Strength
Reds Vow to Keep Pueb
PANMUNJON, Korea, Jan. 24 (UPI) � In a truce
use confrontation, the United States today de-
manded North Korea return the hijacked USS
Pueblo and its 133 men but the communist regime
said it will keep the intelligence ship.
The ship will remain in our hands," Maj. Gen.
� Pak Chung Kuk of North Korea told U.S. Rear
Adm. John V. Smith at a face-to-face meeting of
the Korean Armistice Truce Commission. Gen.
Pak also said several Americans were "killed
and wounded" in yesterday's ship capture.
� t Admiral Smith accused North Korea of launch-
ing a "campaign of provocation, sabotage and
assassination." He said, "if the North Korean
regime persists in this campaign, which can only
endanger the peace of this area, the responsibili-
.4..y for the consequences will rest on the North
.Korea regime."
SHOW OF STRENGTH
'The U. S. was mounting a naval show of
strength in the waters off North Korea to back up
its demand for the return.
The nuclear powered aircraft carrier UM En-
terprise. world's largest warship, was reported to
' have been diverted from Vietnam station to lead
at American task force into the Sea of Japan.
Gen. Pak and Admiral Smith met at this truce
village on the Korean dividing line.'
Gen. Pak charged the Pueblo was captured in
North Korean waters at 39.17 degrees north
lati-
mdc and 127.46 degrees east longitude. According
' to the U.S. Navy; the ship was hijacked in the
Japan Sea and forced into the North Korean port
of Wonsan.
RESISTANCE CITED
Pyongyang 'Radio, the broadcasting voice of the
North Korean capital, said the 83 American crew-
men put up "arrogant resistance" before the ves-
sel was boarded and seized. The broadcast said
,several Americans were killed or wounded and
more than 80 "captured alive."
The.North Koreans accused the vessel of "in-
tolerable provocations" and said the Pueblo "ille-
gally. infiltrated (into North Korean waters) on an
.espionage mission." They said the ship fired on
the patrol boats and when the boats returned the
the they "killed and wounded" several Ameri-
cans.
The Navy said four American crewmen were
injured, one critically, when the communist boats
seized the Pueblo as two Mig Jet fighters circled
cverhead. The hijacking was said by the Penta-
gon to have occurred on the high seas in interna-
tional waters, about 15 nautical miles from the
North Korean coast.
The Navy insisted last night that at no' point in
the encounter did the Pueblo fire her two .50-
caliber machine guns.
There was nu indication from Pueb:o's last ra-
.
Linked to Viet Pressure
Commander Lloyd M. Bucher, of the Pueblo.
with his family�Mike, 13, left; Mrs. Bucher
and Mark, 15. The photo was made last year
dio messages how her crewmen were injured.
The vessel made no mention of any gunfire.
This did not preclude a hand-to-hand struggle
on the ship � whenthe communists boarded her.
There was also speculation that the crewmen
may have been injured while attempting to des-
troy the secret electronic monitoring and commu-
nications gear crammed aboard the modified
auxiliary cargo vessel.
The Navy said Pueblo's skipper, Idaho-born
Cmdr. Lloyd Mark Bucher, 38, of San Diego, Cal-
if., appealed for help only once �.when his ship
was actually boarded � indicating he was una-
ware the vessel was in serious trouble until the
last minute.
By that time. the Navy said, it was too late te
dispatch ships or planes to Pueblo's rescue.
"Time and the distance factors made it impos-
sible to respond to the call that was made when
the ship was being boarded," a spokesman said.
Adm. Smith demanded the North Korean apolo-
gize. -
He said, "the events of last year, and especial-
ly the last few days, have put a new complexion
on the situation in Korea. The North Korean re-
gime has embarked on a continuing campaign of
provocation sabotage and assassination in viola-
tion of the armistice agreement and international
law."
PATTERN
SEEN
He called the seizure of the Pueblo "part of a
pattern of North Korean belligerence and aggres-
sive actions which dangerously Increased in this
area. If they are persisted in, they will have the
most serious consequences to the main task of
the armistice and to the preservation of peace in
Korea."
"Such hostile acts cannot be perpetuated with
impunity," he warned.
co
when the !Webers visited Boys Town, Nebr.,
of which the Naval' officer is a graduate.
�UPI Photos
Location given by the U.S. of the seizure.
President Johnson and his top military and dip-
lomatic advisers were closely following develop-
ments in the first boarding and seizure of a sea-
going American Naval vessel in more than a
century. The President scheduled a meeting of
the National Security Council at the White House
today.
Outraged congressmen demanded prompt U.S.
action to free the ship and her crew. Sen. Ri.
chard B. Russell, (D., Ga.), chairman of the Sen-
ate Armed Services Committee, said the seizure
amounted to "an -act of war." Rep. William 11.
Bates, (Mass.), senior Republican on the House
Armed Services committee, called it "a dastardly
act of piracy."
The White House called it "a very serious situ-
ation." and Secretary of State Dean Rusk said it
was "a matter of the utmost gravity."
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A Challenge to Candor . . .
The naval kidnaping of the USS Pueblo by four
North Korean torpedo boats is almost too bizarre
to be believed. We know that it was engaged in so-
phisticated electronic espionage, close to the North
Korean coast, but in international waters, according
to the United States account. But we don't know
why it was unescorted, and under-armed, or why,
even so, it did not even try to resist. Above all, we
don't know why the North Koreans picked this
moment for so provocative a piece of brigandage.
Not knowing these things, the soundest course
is probably not to leap to conclusions, especially
when we also don't know what efforts are being
made to extricate the vessel and its 83-man crew.
The Administration is entitled to a decent interval
even when the outward evidence points to bungling
on a major scale.
That much said, the Administration must realize
that public tolerance in this country for the unex-
plained and the inexplicable is wearing thin, as
is public patience with the growing evidence of a.
rising challenge to our security interests through-
out the Asian world. A public which was lied to
� over the U-2, confused, if nothing else, by the
Tonkin Gulf, and misled, to say the least, in the
affair of another intelligence ship attacked by the
Israelis last year, cannot be satisfied or reassured
by the same old coverups.
This is all the more imperative, given the impact
this incident is likely to have on nerves already
frayed and positions already hardening. Those who
see this country as over-extended in Asia, and
around the world, will find further argument for
withdrawal and retrenchment from confrontation
with communism. Those who see in our policies
of limited war a humiliation and a senseless in-
hibition will find further argument for a harder
line and stiffer measures all across the board.
Already there is evidence of these tendencies
in reaction to the seizure of the Pueblo. While
some Senators cried out against a virtual act of
war, others claimed vindication of their view that
we are over-extended in a world policeman's role.
As Communist pressures continue to pile up in
Vietnam along the highlands and across the Demili-
tarized Zone, in neighboring Laos, and in Thai-
land, a new Korean crisis can only operate to accen-
tuate the extremes.
It is important to keep our cool until we know
more. But this makes it no less important that we
be told more�and more that is believable--about
so bizarre and unbelievable an incident.
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'Deliver an Ifitimatilm'
Reaction
To Seizure
Is Divided
The public and political
opinion that surfaced in the
country yesterday was badly
divided over the response the
United States should make to
North Korea's seizure of the
USS Pueblo.
In the Senate, caution
seemed the dominant theme.
The Democratic Majority
Leader, Mike Mansfield of
Montana, declared: "We ought
to keep our shirts on and not
go off half-cocked."
The chairman of the Senate
Military Preparedness Sub-
committee, John Stennis (D.-
.Miss.), took essentially the
same view. He urged the
White House to "avoid precipi-
tous and rash over-reaction.
Above all, we must not rush
pell-mell towards the disaster
of World War III."
In the House and among
some segments of the Ameri-
can press, the mood and the
rhetoric were more militant. A
New York Democrat, Rep.
Samuel Stratton, said "we've
got to get that ship back just
as vigorously as President
Kennedy got the missiles out
of Cuba." House Republican
Leader Gerald Ford of Mich-
igan said that if diplomacy
fails "the United States must
take whatever military action
is necessary" to recover the
ship.
The chairman of the House;
Armed Services Committee,'
tough-talking L. Mendel Riv-
ers (D-S.C.), said the United
States should declare war if
necessary to get the Pueblo
back. "I wouldn't fool with ;
him," said Rivers. "I'd deliver
an ultimatum. If they didn't
give back the ship, I'd turn
loose whatever we had out
there on them."
If an all-out war in Korea
grew out of the Pueblo cap-
ture this country would have
to consider using tactical nu-
clear weapons, Sen. Henry M.
Jackson (D-Wash.) said in a
television panel interview
(WTTG) last night.
A few newspapers accused
the Administration of coward-
ice and, in effect, echoed Riv-
ers' call for an unlimited re-
sponse. "North Korea's bold
seizure of the Pueblo," said
the Milwaukee Sentinel, "is
not nearly so outrageous as
has been the American pusil-
lanimous reaction to it. Our
official bird is not eagle, hawk
or dove. It is chicken."
Said the Chicago Tribune:
"Given the spinelessness of
success ive Administrations
since the days of President
Truman , in dealing with
Korea, little, if any, effective
action would seem in the mak-
ing. The United States will
have suffered humiliation at
the hands of a country it
could squash like a bug."
Advice to the Administra-
tion to withhold precipitate ac-
tion and to use first the chan-
nels of diplomacy was given
by the Los Angeles Times, the
Kansas City Star, the New
York Times and most other
major newspapers.
Parents' Statements
The most conciliatory state-
ments on the Pueblo incident
came from parents of cap-
tured crewmen. "Let's keep
cool." said Oliver Langenberg
of St. Louis, whose 21-year-
old son Peter was aboard the
ship. '
The wife of the Pueblo's
commander, Mrs. Lloyd
Bucher of San Diego, said her
only recourse now is to "pray
for his-safety."
Blame for the incident was
assigned to various targets.
Sen. Wallace Bennett (R-Utah)
viewed the ship's seizure as
simply another step in "World
War III, Communist style."
But Rep. Wayne Hays (D-Ohio)
pointed a finger at the CIA.
"Maybe CIA didn't run this,"
said Hays, "but I expect they
did It's about as fumbling an
operation as you would expect
from them." The Milwaukee
Journal questioned the Navy's
judgment in sending out the
ship without an escort. The
Winston-Salem, N.C., Journal
commented on the "impres-
sion that her skipper acted in-
gloriously by surrendering
without a fight."
Republican presidential can-
didate George Romney had no
comment at all. "It would be
silly," said Romney, "to make
a comment on a situation as
serious as that without having
all the facts."
-17r .I epC
1-11)01/ (01,
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Joseph K raft
�
Seizure of Pueblo by Reds
Stresses U.S. Self-Isolation
LAST YEAR made it
plain that guns in 'Vietnam
could not be combined with
butter at home. And this
year is making it plain that
the United States cannot
have both guns in Vietnam
and a detente with the rest
of the Communist world.
That is the bitter lesson of
the seizure of the USS
Pueblo by the North Ko-
reans. And the lesson is the
more bitter because it is evi-
� dent that this country's tra-
ditional friends want no
part of a new confrontation
with the Communists.
To be sure, the Pueblo af-
fair could be an isolated in-
cident conditioned by very
special circumstances. More-
over, the North Koreans are
Asian Communists, sensitive
to Peking's pressure for a
hard-line stand against the
United States.
BUT NORTH KOREA
also has a common border
with the Soviet Union. With
respect to Vietnam, the
North Koreans have sup-
ported Moscow against Pe-
king in coming out for
united action on behalf of
Hanoi. Thus it Is going to be
very hard for the Russians
� to back away from what the
North Koreans have done.
The more so as abundant
signs indicate that a recent
era of good feeling between
Washington and Moscow
had about reached the end
of the line anyway. Not that
Washington willed it that
. way. On the contrary, hav-
ing just reached agreement
with the Soviet Union on
the tog of a nuclear nonpro-
liferation treaty, the John-
Senate Unit
Defers Action
On Tonkin
By Robert C. Albright
Washington Post Staff Writer
The Senate Foreign Rela-
tions Committee yesterday
postponed a decision on
'whether to investigate devel-
opments leading up to the
1964 Gulf of Tonkin resolu-
tion, after a 3-hour hush-hush
meeting.
Chairman J. William Ful-
bright (D-Ark.) described the
proposed inquiry as a "very
sensitive matter" in the light
of Monday's incident involving
North Korea's capture on the
high seas off Korea of the
U.S.S. intelligence ship Pueblo.
Fulbright said another
closed meeting will be called
later to determine whether to,
undertake a full-dress investi-
gation of the Tonkin Gulf inci-
dent, in the wake of a staff;
son,Administration has been
eager to go on to new arms
control measures.
But' the Vietnamese war
keeps getting in the way.
For example, minutes before
Ambassador Anatoly F. Do-
brynin returned home for
consultation ten days ago,
Secretary of State Rusk was
obliged to warn him that a
recent air raid near Hanoi
had scattered into the wa-
ters near the port delayed
action bombs that might im-
peril Soviet ships. '
ON THE SOVIET side,
there appear to be moderate
officials keen to maintain
working relations with this
country. But the moderates
seem to be on the defensive
on a host of issues, includ-
ing economic reform and
cultural liberalization as
well as relations with Wash-
ington.
According to one rumor,
Prime Minister Alexi Ko-
sygin. thought to be the lead-
ing moderate figure in all
matters, is on the point of
resigning in frustration. An-
other story has it that one
of the best known liberals in
cultural matters, P. N. Demi-
they, will be demoted from
a post on the party secre-
tariat to a ministerial job.
By no mere accident, the
backsliding of the Big Two
toward confrontation finds
most of this country's closest
friends across the Atlantic
looking the other way. The
fact is that they are less and
less interested in carrying
the burden in the quarrels
that now divide the United
States and the Soviet Union.
Gen. cle Gaulle. to cite the
staked everything on disen-
gagement :from the United
States in order to get on
with Eastern Europe and the
Soviet Union. He has his own
reasons for that policy�and
those.not of the best. But if
he remains politically secure
in France, and has a follow-
ing throughout Western Eu-
rope, it is in large measure
because he is able to pose
as the prophet of detente.
BRITAIN seems now to be
following along. Compelling
economic needs have forced
Prime Minister Harold Wil-
son to abandon the role of
junior partner to the United
States in backing up the se-
curity of nations between
Singapore and Suez. And on
his recent visit to Moscow he
has been playing to the hill
the part of the man who can
get on with the Russians.
Nor is anybody else in
Western Europe, not even
the West Germans who were
once so keen on confronta-
tion, rallying to the cause.
On the contrary, their most
conspicuous stance � toward
the United States is the
flinty position they have
taken on the balance of pay-
ments. And that is in large
part a refusal to help pick
up the tab for this country's
efforts in Vietnam.
What is happening, in
short, is the self-isolation of
the United States. Being in-
dignant about the Pueblo,
justif iable as indignation
may be, will not turn that
tide of affairs. What is re-
quired, what more than ever
shapes up as the most urgent
task of all, is containing the
war in 'Vietnam.
most notable example. has
study of the facts. Fulbright twcen the Maddox and Pueblo'
declined to rule out the "possi- incidents. Fulbright replied.
!Willy" of an inquiry, however. :that both were ships, both:
lie said the only Committee were on the high seas, and:
;consensus reached yesterday both were gathering intelli-
was to, put off a formal deci-gence. "There are certain simi-,
sion. Most committeemen de-i larities," he said.
; clined to talk anymore aboutl
lit, but at least one ranking Re-1
publican favored dropping thel
inquiry altogether.
"I personally think we
should leave it (Tonkin Gulf)
�to the historians," said Sen.
George D. Aiken (11-Vt.). "I aml
much more interested in what:
our Government does in thel
next three years, or in the
.next three months, than in
what we did three years ago."
In one generally well-in-
'formed quarter it was sug-i
!gested there may never be anY!
official committee determina-i
tion one way or the other, but
i
that an informal inquiry will
continue, as it has in the past.
If this is done, the Commit-
tee may meet from time to
time with people like Under
Secretary of Defense Paul H.
Nitze and others who can shed
more light on developments
that preceded and followed an
attack on the U.S. destroyer
Maddox by three North Viet-
namese PT boats in the Gulf
of Tonkin off the North Viet-
nam coast on Aug. 2, 1964.
Newsmen asked -Fulbright if
he found :my narallale ho.
as 3-pelq
N aw. Aiq
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�
N. Korea Cites
'Confession
Fabrication
Is Charged
By Pentagon
From News Dispatches
North Korea claimed yes-
terday the captain of the
USS Pueblo had confessed
that he was engaged in
"criminal espionage activi-
ties" inside North Korean
territorial waters when he
was captured Tuesday. The
United States termed this
"a travesty on the facts."
The alleged confession was
.attributed to Cmdr. Lloyd
Mark Bucher. The 38-year-old
officer, his 83-man crew and
their intelligence ship were
taken into custody by North
Korean patrol boats and
brought to the port of Wonsan.
The (North) Korean Central
News Agency quoted Bucher
as saying that he was carrying
out an espionage mission
against the Soviet Union and
North Korea for which he and
his crew had been offered "a
lot of dollars" from the Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency.
Alleged Remarks
"Having been captured now,
I say frankly that our act was
a criminal sot which flagrantly
violated the armistice agree-
ment and it was a si...c,2r act of
aggression," Bucher said, ac-
cording to the news agency.
"I have no excuse whatso-
ever for my criminal act as
my ship intruded deep into the
territorial waters of the Demo-
cratic People's Republic of
KOrea and was captured by
the naval patrol crafts of the
- Korean People's Army in their
self-defense action while con-
ducting criminal espionage ac-
tivities," the Commander al-
legedly said.
Called 'Fabrication'
In Washington, the Pentagon
promptly asserted that the ac-
count attributed to Bucher was
a "fabrication." It added that
"no credence should be given
to this contrived statement."
Assistant Secretary of De-
fense Phil G. Goulding, the
Pentagon's chief spokesman,
said the "style and wording"
a the document published by
the North Koreans "provide!
unmistakable evidence in
themselves that this was not/
See KOREA, A13, Col. 1
KOREA�From Page Al
North Koreans Claim
U.S. Captain Confessed
written or prepared by any �voyage which ended in cap-
American." He continued: ture, his alleged confession
"The major point which continued, the vessel was dis-
this propaganda utterance at-, guised to look as if it was en-
tempts to make is that thetaged in research on oceanic
Pueblo had violated North
Korean territorial waters and
was, in fact, violating those
territorial waters when the
North Korean patrol craft
appeared. ale and observed and ascer-
Goulding said the Pueblo re- "This is absolutely untrue.' rt tamed the depth of water,'cur-
'
ported her position at the timerent,water temperature, sea
of her capture as 39:25 north
basin, salt density and water
and 12755 east. As the ship transparency" at several.
was being seized, he added, points within the North Ho-
the North Koreans placed it rears sea frontier, the confes-
sion attributed to Bucher said.
at 39:25 north and 127:56 east.
"These two reported posi. The Commander was quoted
tions are .within a mile of one as saying that his ship 'also
another and both show conelu- gathered information on mili-
sively that the Pueblo was in tary installations, industrial
international waters, Gould-
ing continued.
Pentagon sources noted that
the position given in Bucher's
alleged confession was 39:17.4
north and 127:46.9 east. This
position, unlike the one given
earlier in a North Vietnamese
ship-to-shore radio transnus- stantly and tried to escape,
sion which was monitored by firing at the navy patrol
U.S. listening stations, is in- crafts . ." Bucher allegedly
side Korean waters. said.
North Korea claims a Iron- "But the situation became
tier extending 12 miles out to I more dangerous for us and
sea. thus one of my In en was
-"The . Pueblo was .under killed, another heavily wound.
orders from the beginning of ed and two others lightly
its mission to stay at least 13 wounded."
The Pentagon said Tuesday I
that four persons aboard the
Pueblo had been wounded.
these orders were disobeyed. One message from the ship'
The Assistant Secretary said 'was said to have indicatedi
the claim that Bucher and his:that one man's leg was blown'
crew were working for the off, but there were no further I
CIA was "typical of this pr'opa-idetails:
ganda sham . The statement attributed to
"Commander Bucher is a Bucher closed with- a refer-
naval officer, commanding a ence to the wives and children
naval ship and performing a of the Pueblo's crew and how
naval mission. He is not em-I they were anxiously awaiting
ployed by the CIA and was the sailors' safe return.
promised nothing by the CIA. "We only hope, and it Is the
Nor were any members of his greatest desire of myself and
crew." I all my crew, that we will be
The Korean Central News' forgiven leniently by the goy-
Agency state m e'n t quoted , ernment of the Democratic
Bucher as saying his ship had 'People's Republic of Korea,"
carried out numerous assign- Bucher was said to have con-
ments for the CIA. For the eluded.
electronics.
Bucher reportedly said he
entered North Korean waters
from Soviet waters Jan. 16.
"My ship was on the utmost
miles from North Korean ter-
ritory," Goulding said. "There
is no evidence to suggest that
facilities, port traffic and the
deployment of armed forces
along the coast.
The Pueblo was 7.6 miles off
the town of Rods when North
Korean patrol boats appeared,
the account continued.
"We were on the alert in
I' Cr
.3
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U.S. Pfessing �
LBJ Strives
To Avoid
Use of Force
� By Chalmers M. Roberts
and Carroll Kilpatrick
Washington Post Staff Writers
The White House strong4
ly indicated last night that
diplomatic efforts to secure
the return of the seized
Navy ship Pueblo will be
continued before any de-
cision is made to use ,mili-
tary force.
At the end of a long day of
top-level meetings, including
an hour's session of the Na-
tional Security Council, Presi-
dential Press Secretary George
Christian told newsmen that
the subject is still open
through diplomatic channels.
We have not abandoned dip-
lomatic efforts toward settle-
ment of the matter."
Christian characterized the
diplomatic efforts as "still of
paramount interest" but said
he could give no details.
Russians Refuse Aid
I Christian spoke after Admin-
istration officials had disclosed
that the Soviet Union, to which
I the United Stales had quickly
I appealed for aid in freeing the
.Pueblo and its 83-man crew,
had flatly refused to help.
Another official said that
"the response of the Soviet
government has not been satis-
factory." He added that Wash-
ington had no evidence that
Moscow had even transmitted
its request to the North
Korean capital of Pyongyang.
Furthermore, North Korean
Maj, Gen. Park Chung Kuk,
the senior Communist repre-
sentative at the Mixed Armis-
tice Commission meeting at
Panmunjom Tuesday night.
Washington t i m e, ignored
American demands for return
of the Pueblo and its men. ..
Negative Remarks
A report from the American
Embassy in Seoul to the State
Department did not say that
Gen. Park had rejected, in so
many words, the demand. It
did say -that the whole tenor
of his remarks was negative
and Administration officials
took them to be a rejection.
Thus just what the Presi-
dent will now decide to do, if
further diplomatic efforts also
prove fruitless, was a closely
kept secret There were indi-
cations that a second effort to�
enlist Russian aid would be.
made before any decision on.
whether to use force.
Christian said yesterday
morning that "the Govern-
ment, of course, is organized
and planning, under the Presi-
dent's directive, to deal with
the matter." He added that no
ironclad decisions had than
� been reached.
But he and all other of-
ficials, including Secretary of
See PUEBLO, Al2, Col. 5
ip's Return;
State Dean Rusk, Who spoke a day earlier. Yesterday when '1-seiL7-ed in collaboration with
with newsmen at the Capitol,
flatly refused to tek about
future action.
Meanwhile, an American
naval task force built around
the nuclear-powered aircraft
carrier Enterprise was on
station in the middle of the
Sea of Japan about 150 miles
east of Wonsan, where the
Pueblo has been taken. There
was no word of what addition-
al military dispositions may
have been made but officials
said that other movements
had been ordered.
There were "no plans at
present" for a presidential ad-
dress to the Nation on this.
serious crisis which had hit
official Washington with thun-
derbolt force and aroused
anger in Congress. .
' Nor was there any sign of
possible action at the United
Nations. Ambassador Arthur
J. Goldberg met for 30 minutes
with Secretary General U
Thant to give him "all avail-
able current information." But
Thant, who himself had no
comment On the Pueblo inci-
dent, reported through a
spokesman that Goldberg had
"not yet" requested him to
step in.
North Korea is not a U.N.
member. Its Communist gov-
ernment has been totally hos-
tile to the world organization,
and North Korea is still under
a U.N. condemnation for the
invasion of South Korea more
than 17 years ago.
� Rusk yesterday escalated his
own characterization of the
North Korean capture of the
Pueblo, which he had termed
"a matter of utmost gravity"
asked if he agreed with a Sena-
tor's characterization of the
seizure as an act of war, Rusk
replied:
"It is a very harsh act. I
would not object to character-
izing it as an act of war in
terms of categories in which
such acts can be construed." '
Rusk declared that "my'
strong advice to North Korea]
is to cool it There have been
enough of these incidents and
they have come out of North
Korea," a reference to the
mounting attacks on South
Korea by small bands and by
infiltrators.
"North Korea would be well
advised to pull back here,
stop this kind of activity, and
decide to live in peace with
its neighbors," he said.
Rusk also said that "we
would like to see the Russians
give us some help in this."
By the time he was saying
this, however, other officials
were reporting the Soviet
turndown. At the White House
it also was said that the efforts
through the Russians "have
not had satisfactory results."
Asked whether he saw a
link between the North Ko-
rean action and the Commu-
nists in the Vietnam war,
Rusk replied that he felt there
was "no organic. connection."
He added that "it is possible
North Korea tried to put on
the pressure but it will not
have the slightest effect.'
Government specialists ap-
pear to be unanimous ih view-
ing the North Korean infiltra-
tion of the South and the seiz-
urse of the .Pueblo as strictly
their own doing. They reject
any notion that the ship was
North Vietnam or with Corn-.
munist China or the Soviet
Union,
The North Koreans, how-
ever, have been embarrassed,'
to give much help to Northl
it is felt here, by their Inabil-
ityVietnam whereas South Ko-i
rean troops are major and ac-
tive American and South Viet-;
namese allies There have loeen
reports of North Korean pilots!
in North Vietnam but no pub-
lie confirmation that they have'
seen action.
Washington experts on Ko-
rean and Communist affairs
generally assume that Soviet
intelligence experts will fine-
toothcomb the Pueblo to learn
what they can of the most se-
cret equipment. Thus there
was some feeling here that af-
ter this is done Moscow might
be more amenable to asking
the North Koreans to release
the ship and crew.
There is, of course, no guar-
antee that North Korea would
take such Soviet advice, if
offered. The Pyongyang gov-
ernment some months ago
took a public stand of equal
independence from both Mos-
cow and Peking.
Reports of the Mixed Ar-,
mistice Commission session'
showed that the North Korean'
general heaped charge after
charge on the United States.
Yesterday Pyongyang put out
what it called a confession by
the Pueblo's captain of his
alleged guilt.
Christian termed the North
Korean charges "both cynical
and a distortion of fact." Statel
Department spokesman Rob-
ert J. McCloskey said the
!charges were "cynical, denun-
ciatory of the United States
'and a distortion of fact."
North Korean Gen. Park
charged that the Pueblo had
.engaged in a "vicious act of
I hostility" inside territorial
waters and not outside as the
United States claims. He also
'charged that the Pueblo was
trying to "come closer to the
land to perpetrate provocative
acts" when North Korean
navy vessels "returned fire."
4-Ar4 g
Hol2p 40�)
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Auociatad Press
Adm. John V. Smith (right), chief U.N. delegate to the protest to Maj. Gen. Park Chung Kuk (far left), North Ko-
armistice commission at Panmunjom, reads statement of rea's delegate. Officer second from left is not identified
_
Seizure Seen
I Linked to Purge
LONDON, Jan. 24 (UN)�
The seizure of the USS Pueblo
is part of a hard-line North
Korean strategy that has
emerged after a major gov-
ernment and party purge, au-
thoritative sources said today.
The shake-up has also led to
the systematic acceleration of
:the campaign of subversion
and infiltration in South Ko-
rea, the sources said.
The purge was believed to
have been brought about part-
ly by internal differences and
partly by desire to help the
North Vietnamese Communists
by distracting the United
States.
A new cabinet was appar-
ently formcd last month in
Pyongyang after Pak Kum-
chol, vice president of the
Presidium, Vice Premier Ko
Hyok and two senior members,
of the Communist Party were,
purged, the sources said.
Earlier, a number of senior
army officers were reportedly
put on the Party's political
committee, strengthening the
military's policy-making role.
Associated Press
Carrier Enterprise, which is now in the Sea of Japan.
Ds sPriNf
hiorcA)40/
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�
Field Commanders Decided
.
Not to Attempt amp Rescue
By George C. Wilson
Washington Poet Staff Writer
Defense officials said last
night that it was the military
commanders in the field who
decided against trying to res-
cue the USS Pueblo once shei
ing the entire hijacking se-
quence.
The responsibility for the
decisions during the Pueblo's
fateful hours was thus put
squarely on the military.
Defense officials said they
was boarded by North Korere not passing Judgment on
reans. the decisions made nor tin-
The Pentagon added that be-,plying any foulup in the cap-
fore the boarding, the skipperiture. But they implied that
of the Pueblo was left on his once the skipper had given up
own. Defense officials, who his ship, there was nothing the
'could not be identified under!Navy could think of doing to
the ground rules of their save the situation.
meeting with newsmen, said The first of four North Ko-
no orders went out from1 rean patrol boats started bar-
Washington to the Pueblo dur-assing the Pueblo at 10 p.m.
Partial List of Crew
Aboard Seized Ship
Associated Press
Radiornon 3/C Charles Henry Crand II
The Pentagon yesterday gave
a partial list of the 83 men ,Teeh,nician 3/C Rodney rm.:tem.
aboard the captured intent- u"
Seaman Stephen Paul Ellis, Interior
genes ship Pueblo.
The Defense Department
said the name of one Navy
man was withheld because of
difficulty in locating his next
of kin. Another's name was
withheld at the relatives re-
quest.
[It was learned independent-
ly that one of the crewmen is
Marine Sgt. Robert J. Chicca,
28, listed at 701 Somerset pl.,
'Hyattsville.]
Hometowns were not pro-
vided. This paralleled the
Pentagon's policy applying to
men captured or missing in
Vietnam.
The crew included 79 Navy
men, two Marines and two
civilians.
The two civilian oceanog-
raphers were:
Harry Iredale II and Donnie Rich-
ard Tuck Jr.
The Navy and Marine per-
sonnel.' �
Stewardsman Crogello Parel Abelon,
Stewardsman Rizilino Lastrella Alua-
gue, Communications Technician 3/C
Wayne Drexel Anderson, Fireman As-
prentice Richard Everett Arnold. Com-
munications Technician 3/C Charles
William Arline.
Communications Technician VC Don
Earl Bailey. Hospital Corpsman 1,..0
Herman Paul Baldridge, Engineman
Fireman Apprentice Richard Ivan
Same, Seaman Peter Milton Bandera.
Communications Technician 1/C Mi-
chael Thomas Barrett, Boatswain's
Mate 3/C Willie Co tim us Butrell.
Fireman Apprentice Howard Edward
Bland. Engineman 1/C Bushel Junior
Blansett, Communications Technician
Chief Ralph Dalton Bander. Comment-
cations Technician 3/C Paul David
Brusnahan. Comdr. Lloyd Mark
Bucher. Boatswain's Mate 3/c Willie
Columbus Bunnell.
Yeoman I/C Armando Moreno Ca-
nals.). Marine Set. Robert C. Chicca.
Communications Electrician 2/C Victor
DeLeon Eseamilla. Storekeeper liC Po-
Hear� Folio Garcia, Communications
Technician 1/C Francis John Ginther,
En:II:Leman Chief Monroe Onel Gold-
man. CommunicatiOas TeChnician 3/C
John White Grant.
Electrielan's Mate 1/c Gerald Wil-
liam Hagenson, Marine Staff Sgt.
Robert J. Hammond. Lt. Stephen It.
Harris, Engineman Timothy Leon Har-
ris, Radioman 2/C Lee Roy HEMS,
Fireman John Charles Higgins Jr..
Seaman Robert Walter Hill Jr.. Fire-
in. Duane Daniel Hodges, Communi-
cations Technician Sidney J. Karnes.
COMMUnIcatIons Technician Chief
Teshntciun 3�.? Eafl/ "'IVA; Knirs Boatr.V s etc C Herbert o n
James Francis Kell. Communications
'comae. CWO Dena Howard SACO,
Communications Technician 3/C An-
thony Andrew Lanantia. Communica-
LfigcnIT:ile.nigT;tc;MCastr:TiC Ch'S.rleS
Benton Law Jr.. Communications Tech-
nician 1/C James Dewar Laeian. Sic-
rialman 2./C Wendell Gene Leach, Com-
missarYman 2/C Harry Lewis,
Chief Communications Technician
Ralph McClintock. Photographers mate
ix Lawrence William Mack. Signal-
man Roy Jay Maggard. Seaman Ap-
prentice Larry Joe Marshall, Fireman
Apprentice William Thomas Massie.
Fireman John Arthur Mitchell, Lt.
Edward Renz Murphy. Jr.
Electronics Technician VC Clifford
Clair Nolte, Fireman Michael A.
Oliannon, Communications Technician
1/C Donald R. PePPard, Seaman Ap-
prentice Earl RaYmOnd Phares. Quar-
termaster 3/c Alvin Henry Plucker.
Commissaryman 3!C Ralph Edward
Reed. Seaman Dale Evans Rigby. Com-
munications Technician IJC David Lee
Ritter, Communleations Technician
Seaman Steven Jay Robins. Seaman '
Recruit Richard Joseph Rapala. are-
,
man Recruit Roman Rosales. Seaman !
Edward Stuart Russell.
Enginernan 2/c William D. Scar-
borough. Lt. 13.0.1 Frederick Carl
Schumacher Jr.. Communications Tech-
nician 1/c James AntwYne Shepard.
Communications Technician 3/C John
Alice Shililes. Seaman Apprentire
John tinbert shlcpleSnn.
Fireman Apprentice Norman William
Sneer. ComnshnicaliOns Technician
Charles Ray Sterling. Communications
Technician 3/C Angelo Behavior
Sloane. Fireman Lawrence Edwin
Strickland.
Gunners Mate 2/C Kenneth laro.
Wadley. Fireman Apprentice Steven
Eugene Woelk. Communications Tech-
nician 2/C Elton Allen Wood. Engine-
man 3/C Darrel Dean Wright
�
'ETS, Monday. Defence offi-
!dials said the Pueblo's skipper,
Cmdr. Lloyd M. Bucher,
'did not can for help until the
'North Koreans started to
'board his ship at 11:45 p.m.
The Pentagon did not dis-
close the nature of the call for
help nor to whom it was sent.
But Defense officials said the
message was received and un-
derstood.
From 11:45 p.m. Monday
until the Pueblo reached Won-
san 26.1 nautical miles from
its position, the question was
how to rescue her.
Since the Pueblo has a max-
imum speed of 12.2 knots, mil-
itary commanders had at least
two hours to intercede while
the North Korean patrol boats
forced the American ship to-
ward Wonsan harbor.
T.J.S. airplanes in the area,
even if they could have
reached the ship while she
was still in international wa-
ters, would have had difficulty
strafing or bombing the patrol
boats without hitting the
Pueblo as well.
Apparently there were no
U.S. warships close by to in.
tervene.
This apparent state of I.J.S.
helplessness came through in
an official Pentagon statement
that said: "Time and distance
factors made it impossible to
respond to the call that was
made when the ship was being
boarded."
The key military decision
then�according to the Penta-
gon time sequence�was made.
by the Pueblo's skipper.
Defense officials said they
did receive a message from
the, skipper that he had
started destroying 'the secret
intelligence equipment on the
Pueblo.
The ship stayed in radio
communication with Navy
shore stations even after the
North Koreans boarded her.
Possibly the Koreans took
some time to ctit off all the
Pueblo's radio communication
gear�some of which could
have been sealed off in secret
compartments.
While boarding started at
11:45 p.m. Monday, the Pueblo
did not go off the air until
12:32 am. Tuesday.
Defense officials said last
night that Secretary Robert S.
McNamara was notified about
the Pueblo capture at 12:23
a.m. Tuesday.
Pe..."
s5 Z-f
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�
�
President's Options Were
Limited in Pueblo's Seizure
m."Rhberts
Wastentton Post Staff Writer
President Johnson's op-
tions in the Pueblo affair
were constricted by two crit-
ical decisions made down
the chain of command be-
fore the Chief Executive
had even heard of the inci-
dent.
What is now known of the
record goes to demonstrate
once again how much a
Commander - in � Chief is
bemmed in by the actions of
his subordinates.
These were the decisions
Involved:
News Analysis
1. The President was not
told of the North Korean
torpedo boat approach to
the Pueblo or of its board-
ing until 2 a.m. Tuesday,
Washington time, after the
'ship and its 8.3-man creW
were securely in North Ko-
rean hands. By that time he
was faced with an accom-
plished fact�the first hi-
jacking of an American
naval vessel by a foreign
state in more than a century
and a half.
to the incident with a show
of force. That decision was
made down the line, appar-
ently by CINCPAC, the
joint command headquarters
in Honolulu. Whether the
Pentagon was even asked its
advice is not yet clear. But
certainly the President was
not asked.
It may well be, of course,
that Mr. Johnson, if he had
been given the option, at
once would have ordered
the Enterprise and its naval
train to head for North Ko-
rean waters. On the other
hand he might have decided
-2. The nuclear-powered
carrier Enterprise and its
accompanying vessels, which
by chance had Just left Sas-
ebo, Japan, to return to duty
off Vietnam, were turned
about and headed toward
the Sea of Japan opposite
North Korea, again before
Mr. Johnson was awakened.
The President once more
was faced with a fact�that
American ships were head-
ing toward North Korea in a
show of force.
In the first instance, oth-
ers made the fateful deci-
sion not to send aircraft to
that to do so would be to ov-
erheat the already charged
atmosphere and possibly
limit diplomatic efforts to
win release of ship and
crew.
If further diplomatic ef-
forts fail and with the naval
force off North Korea, Mr.
Johnson has the option now
of using force in some form
or of withdrawing the ships
In the face of North Korean
refusal to free the Pueblo.
The Pueblo case is not the
first instance in which a
President has found himself
--
help the Pueblo, whether or
not the captain had called
for aid. Someone decided,
without reference to the
White House and apparently
(although this is not yet cer-
tain) without reference to
the Pentagon, to let the
Pueblo's captain handle the
torpedo boat problem.
That proved to be an irre-
trievable mistake that se-
verely limited the Presi-
dent's ability to respond.
In the second instance,
the President had no option
open on whether to respond
bound by what his subordi
nates have done.
President Eisenhower was
boxed in by the mishandling
of an inept cover story in
the 1.1-2 affair. President
Kennedy, to some degree,
was trapped in the Bay of
Pigs debacle, something he
did not let recur in the
Cuban missile crisis. And
President Johnson reacted,
or, in the view of some
over-reacted, to what he was
told by the American ambas.
sador in .Santo Domingo in
the Dominican intervention.
tZ"th�i 4?
FOAM A.9 PAPEIL.
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igan Gov. George Romney says
North Korea's capture of a U.S.
intelligence ship is "right in
line" with a Communist effort to
stir up trouble in hopes of in-
fluencing the outcome of the
Vietnam war.
Romney, renewing his New
Hampshire campaign for the Re-
publican presidential nomina-
tion, said he was warned of such
tactics during a world tour a
month ago.
The Michigan governor faces
one-sided odds in the presiden-
tial primary campaign he re-
sumed today.
In a crowded home at Derry
Calls for Hard Line
Mounting in Senate
Over Ship Seizure
By the Associated Press
New and harsher calls for tough U.S. action�including use
of air and seapower if necessary�followed initial diplomatic fail-
ures to retrieve the captured ship Pueblo from her North Korean
captors.
Two senators said yesterday the United States might be
forced to Ise tactical nuclear weapons if the Pueblo incident
touches Off a war with North
Korea.
And at least one senator who
has strongly opposed U.S. war
policy in Vietnam, Sen. Frank
Church, called seizure of the
Pueblo and the 83 Americans
aboard "an act of war."
The Idaho Democrat said "the
ship must be returned at once,
with all American aboard. Our
national honor is at stake here."
Senate Democratic Leader
Mike Mansfield and Chairman J.
W. Fulbright, 1)-Ark., of the Sen-
ate Foreign Relations Commit-
tee, counseled a cautious U.S.
response to the incident.
Mansfield said the United
States shouldn't "go off half-
cocked," miltiarily.
The warnings of possible nu-
clear intervention if the incident
explodes into war were sounded
by two members of the Senate
Armed Services Committee,
Sens., Henry M. Jackson, 1)-
Wash., and Strom Thurmond,
pying most of its available
ground forces, said of North Ko-
rea: "If they make an all-out
attack on South Korea, some
kind of use will have to be made
of tactical nuclear weapons."
Thurmond agreed with that
assessment. adding: "We will
use any weapons if necessary to
protect America and her peo-
ple."
Their comments came on a
Metromedia television inter-
view.
Sen. William B. Spong Jr.,
D-Va., urged Johnson to "take
all necessary steps to secure the
immediate return of the ship, its
equipment and the members of
the ship, its equipment and the
members of its crew."
Sen. John Stennis, D-Miss.,
chairman of the Preparedness
subcommittee, said the United
States must "take al lsteps" in-
cluding the use of force, if nec-
R-S.C. essary, to bring about the
Jackson, contending the U.S. prompt release of the Pueblo
commitment in Vietnam is occu- nd her crew.
Concern Over Pueblo
Voiced in Soviet Press
By EDMUND STEVENS
Special to The Star
MOSCOW � Although Soviet
diplomacy has so far declined
the American request to act as a
go-between in seeking the re-
lease of the USS Pueblo from
North Korea, the Soviet press
reflects mounting concern here
lest the incident kindle another
conflagration.
Moscoe natur ally accepts
unquestioningly the assertion of
its North Korean ally that the
Pueblo was captured in North
Korean territorial waters.
Pravda's Washington corre-
spondent, Boris Strelnikov, ca-
bled his paper by way of confir-
mation that no less an authority
than Sen. J. William Fullbright,
D-Ark., admitted that this time
the United States was caught
red handed and that the Pueblo
was indeed engaged in espio-
nage.
Adds Strelnikov: "Sensible
Americans do not believe the
Pentagon version that the Pueb-
lo was seized in international
waters."
To the Russians the Pueblo
readily invites comparison with
the U2 incident when the U.S.
spy plane piloted by Gary Pow-
ers was shot down over Sver-
dlovsk thousands of miles inside
the U.S.S.R.
Romney Calls Ship Seizure
Bid to Influence Viet War
NASHUA, N.H. (AP) � Mich- and at a French-American club
in Manchester, Romney declined
last night to say how he thinks
the United States should handle
North Korea's seizure of the
American ship Pueblo.
He said he does not have the
facts that are available to Presi-
dent Johnson and his advisers.
"I think it would be folly to
make a decision on something
you don't have all the facts on,"
Romney said.
He said there seems to be
some question as to exactly
where the American ship was
when it was captured.
"The hard facts are you can't
believe your own government
anymore in this country," he
said later.
(In Los Angeles, Gov, Ronald
Reagan urged President John-
son to send warships into Won-
san harbor to free the Pueblo if
North Korea does not release the
ship within 24 hours, United
Press International reported.
("I cannot for the life of me
understand why someone in the
United States government, par-
ticularly the President, has not
said, that ship had better come
out of that harbor in 24 hours or
we are coming in after it," Rea-
gan said. He called seizure of
the Pueblo "the most disgrace-
ful thing to happen, in my mem-
ory, to America.")
6,4
The Russians still recall "cov-
er stories" floated by U.S.
spokesmen before ex-Premier
Nikita S. Khrushchev revealed
the truth.
Almost as if anticipating the
Pueblo incident, the Soviet press
recently reprinted an article
from the Italian weekly "Epo-
ca" describing the sophisticated
electronic worldwide espionage
masterminded by the National
Security Agency and the part
played by intelligence gathering
ships.
The seizure of the Pueblo coin-
cided somewhat with the arrival
in Moscow yesterday of a North
Korean delegation headed by the
deputy chief of state.
Conceivably the Pueblo inci-
dent and the attempt by North
Korean infiltrators to kill South
Korean President Chung Bee
Park could be designed to warn
the United States that continued
escalation in Vietnam could lead
to retaliatory action elsewhere
in Asia.
But most observers here agree
Moscow neither programs nor
anticipates a major crisis in Ko-
rea. Otherwise, it's unlikely Pre-
mier Alexei N. Kosygin would
have departed for New Delhi.
Soviet propaganda has had a
field day playing up the U.S.
incursion into Cambodia and the
B52 crash in Greenland with its
nuclear bomb load as examples
of aggressive brinkmanship by
the U.S. military and proof of
the Soviet contention that Amer-
ican policy is the main threat to
world peace.
Meanwhile, t h e rumblings
from Korea virtually drowned
out the peace-loving beeps gen-
erated by British Prime Minis-
ter Harold Wilson's Moscow
talks.
The British press spokesman
sought to encourage optimism
while the talks were going on by
liberal use of such adjectives as
"frank, friendly and construc-
tive" while disclosing nothing of
substance.
The joint communique, how-
ever, said little. The main indi-
cation that on Vietnam the gap
had been narrowed, as Wilson
claimed, was the affirmation
that both sides supported the
principles of the Geneva agree-
ments and would work jointly
and separately for a just politi-
cal solution.
Unlike the communique after
Wilson's visit last year, it includ-
ed no expression of regret at
failure to reach agreement on
Vietnam.
Zign/
�V6V) r4
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� �
THE LADDER OF ESCALATION
Johnson Takes an Option
By ORE KELLY
Star Staff Writer
President Johnson today took
the first of a wide range of
steps vailable in his ttempt to
get back the USS Pueblo and its
83-man crew when he an-
nounced the call-up of some Air
Force reservists.
In the last few years, both
civilians like Dr. Herman Kahn,
the author of a number of stud-
ies of escalation, and military
leaders like Gen. Maxwell Tay-
lor, who developed the policy of
"flexible response," have writ-
ten volumes on the options the
President has in reacting to al-
most any emergency.
These studies, now thoroughly
incorporated into the Pentagon's
basic military strategy, are un-
doubtedly being relied upon as
the President, his civilian
advisers and the Joint Chiefs
of Staff try to devise a method
for getting the ship and crew
back with the least possible
difficulty.
?a Kahn's studies, the seizure
of a ship in international waters
ranks very high up the scale of
military escalation. But the situ-
ation would obviously be vastly
more grave if the seizure had
been undertaken by the Soviet
Union rather than one of the
smallest nations in the Commu-
nist bloc.
Before today's announcement
and the further hint that some
ground forces may be called to
active duty, the U.S. already
climbed a significant number of
rungs up the ladder of escala-
tion. It moved both diplo-
maitcally�with apparently un-
successful attempts to enlist the
aid of the Soviet Union�and
militarily, with the dispatch of
a nuclear task force headed by
the carrier U.S.S. Enterprise to
the Sea of Japan. This force is
,reported now about 200 miles
:off the Korean coast. This is
short range for the ship's jet
Pueblo. A coastal radar station
might be shelled, for example.
Extremely unlikely in these
early steps would be any effort
to send Navy or Marine ufflts
into the port of Wonsan to takc
back the ship by force r:Te� escalation ladder before they be-
cially while the North Koreans
have the Pueblo's crew mem-
bers as hostages.
Under the theory of escalation,
these steps should be taken
quite rapidly, with a pause after
each step to see if the North
Koreans are ready to give the
ship Lack.
In tt.eory, the North Koreans
should be made to believe that
the U.S. is prepared to use all
necessary force to get the ship
back�even eventual use of nu-
clear weapons. If they really be-
lieve 'his, the theory goes, they
will accede to the U.S. demands
at a low point on the escalation
ladder rather than at a high
point.
One of the most awkward diffi-
culties facing Johnson and his
advisers is that the North Ko-
reans might not believe the U.S.
is willing to risk war over one
little boat�and it might re-
quire a number of steps up the
1,opscd: 3C.
3Va2.Nor,l27*S5' Cacti
,
v
.51.4F3tC: Son:dc'e :l:45 P.10.
12r.54.2"Er..si
aircraft, but far enough out to
give the ships great flexibility.
If diplomatic efforts fail en-
tirely � and it is not yet clear
that they are going to fail � the
theory of escalation would call
for the application of military
pressure in small increments.
One such might simply be a
show of force�positioning the
Enterprise visibly in interna-
tional waters if the port of Won-
san, for example.
Another might be an action
matched to that of the North
Koreans�perhaps the seizure of
one of their boats. This kind of
action could not be matched ex-
actly to the North Korean action
because their navy dosen't have
any ships as large as the Pueblo
--an illustration of the difficul-
ties a "superpower" has in deal-
ing with a very small nation.
� Slightly higher up the scale
might be the destruction of some
piece of North Korean property
of the approximate value of the
127 30.
I
HAMHUNG,
NORTH
KOREA
YONGHUNG
Map locates position rer,iorts i ths, 7.125
Pueblo as rel:...aseel by the Defezzse
anent. The shaded area sl.?.c..yys tb.3
ternational waters lirnit c irne l'inrth �
Korea, which says the PUCNO -17,35 ene!,un-
tered at a latitude of 3�.17 and a longiii,tic
of 127.46�about V", miles from land.
come "believers."
Johnson's options and those of
military commanders in the
field were severely limited at
the very beginning of the Pueblo
incident because no one appar-
ently realized in time that the
harrassment of the Pueblo by
North Korean patrol boats �
something that happens fre-
quently in many parts of the
world � would suddenly turn
into a seizure.
Whether or not someone in the
military chain of command
could have gotten effective help
to Cmdr. Lloyd M. Bucher,
skipper of the Pueblo, after he
saw that he was about to be
boarded and called for help has
not been answered. �
But Pentagon officials who de-
clined to be quoted by name said
that even if properly armed
fighter planes had been close
enough to have gone to the aid of
the Pueblo, a number of other
factors would have been consid-
ered. These include weather, the
amount of remaining daylight,
the position of the ship at the
time help arrived, and, especial-
ly, potential enemy reaction.
The decision not to go to the
aid of the Pueblo was made
somewhere in the military chain
of command short of Washing-
ton, these Pentagon officials
said.
But they did not say how high
up the chain that decision was
made.
The incident began abgut 10
p.m. Washington time Monday.
Pentagon officials said Bucher
did not request help until 11:45
p.m. when the North Koreans
moved to board the Pueblo.
Thus, by the time President
Johnson, Secretary of State
!Dean Rusk and Defense Secre-
tary Robert S. McNamara were
awakened between 12:23 and 2
a.m. Tuesday, the Pueblo was
, already in North Korean hands.
iThe question they faced � and
I still face � was not how to pre-
vent the seizure of the vessel,
'hut haw to get her back again
2vah c?ft�
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SHIP
� �
U.S. Prods North Korea
Continued From Page A-1
that diplomatic efforts to secure
release of the Navy intelligence
ship and its crew will be dis-
continued, Christian said: "This
is only one action in this whole
matter. Diplomatic efforts are
continuing and we certainly
hope they bear some fruit."
He said the air reservists are
being called to active duty im-
mediately under congressional
authority provided in the 1967
Defense Department Appropria-
tions Act.
This act provides that "until
June 30, 1968, a president may,
when he deems it necessary, or-
der to active duty any unit of
the ready reserve of an armed
force for a period not to exceed
24 months.'
Cliffort's Hint
The White House announce-
ment came just minutes afer
Clark M. Clifford, Johnson's
choice as the new defense sec-
retary, said on Capitol Hill that
reserves could be called up if
there is a worsening of the sit-
uation in the Far East or if
"developments" in the Pueblo
incident.
Testifying at a Senate hearing
on his nomination, Clifford made
that comment in reply to a
question from Sen. Margaret
Chase Smith, R-Maine. He said
the circumstances of the USS
Pueblo's seizure "are exceed-
ingly grave."
A call-up "could come about
as a result of developments in
the Far East; as a result of de-
velopments involved in the
Pueblo�any stage this coun-
try's safety and security war-
rents, the President could well
call up the reserves," he testi-
fied. However, he said he was
not at liberty to say whether
any specific decisions had been
made.
The White House said today
that the President conferred at
breakfast with Secretary of
State Dean Rusk, McNamara,
U.N. Ambassador Arthur J.
Goldberg, special assistant Walt
W. Rostow and press aides
George Christian and Tom John-
son.
U.N. Move Possible
There were strong hints that
Goldberg's presence may indi-
cate some possible diplomatic
move through the United Na-
tion's. Tom Johnson said the
President and Goldberg "ex-
changed views as they always
du in situations like this. They
will be in touch again during the
day."
Last night, the President con-
ferred with the same men �
except Goldberg. Clifford was
on hand.
Johnson's mood is said to be
one of "determination" not to let
the Pueblo and its crew remain
in Korean hands as the result of
what he regards as a clear viola-
tion of international law. But he
is equally determined to exhaust
non-military means first to se-
cure their release.
The nuclear-powered aircraft
carrier, the USS Enterprise, and
other warships and planes are
now in position about 200 miles
off the Korean coast, ready to
move in if necessary:
But Johnson, after hearing
the advice of his top diplo-
matic, military and securi-
ty officers, has apparently cho-
sen to give North Korea more
time to release the 83-man crew
and the U.S. Navy intelligence
ship � seized around midnight
EST Monday night off the North
Korean coast by four Commu-
nist patrol boats.
The call-up, however, obvious-
ly adds to the pressure on North
Korea.
The administration feels that
the main goal of the United
States should be the safe return
of the crew. Military action
probably would not achieve this
end, so diplomatic efforts will be
pursued until it is decided that
there is no hope of getting the
men back � or if the U.S. na-
tional interest makes it impera-
tive to strike back at North Ko-
rea.
New Ineident Would Do It
The "national interest" would
become involved if a second in-
cident occurred at sea, or some
other obviously provocative ac-
tion were taken by North Korea.
Part of the reason for the will-
ingness to give the Communist
regime in Pyongyang more time
is a belief in some administra-
tion circles that North Korea
may have meant to signal the
United States yesterday that the
crew would shortly be released.
The signal was detected in the
last two paragraphs of a lengthy
"confession" allegedly made by
Commander Lloyd Mark Buch-
er, skipper of the Pueblo, and
given wide circulation by North
Korean radio.
Most of the document�
clumsily written and more than
likely composed by the Commu-
nist captors�was a listing of the
"hostile acts" by the Pueblo.
But what caught analysts' eyes
here were the concluding words:
"I and my crew have perpe-
trated a grave criminal act, but
our parents and wives and chil-
dren at home are anxiously
waiting for us to return home
safe.
"Therefore, we only hope, and
it is the greatest desire of my-
self and all my crew, that we
will be forgiven leniently by the
government of the Democratic
People's Republic of (North) Ko-
rea."
A Signal?
Communists � and particu-
larly Asian ones�put great im-
portance on confessions. Gener-
ally, if a person has confessed
fully he is treated leniently. The
wording of Bucher's "confes-
sion" gives rise to hopes that
North Korea was sending a sig-
nal that the crew would be re-
leased soon.
Most likely, the Koreans would
want to study the intricate intel-
ligence devices aboard the
179-foot vessel. Thus the men�if
not released by themselves
first�might have to wait until
Communist intelligence officers
had taken what they wanted
from the ship.
But there was nothing in
Washington yesterday received
through official channels to give
rise to much hope.
The Russians responded coldly
to a U.S. "urgent request" that
they. use their "good offices" to
secure the release of the ship
and men.
Russian Blamed U.S.
State Department sources said
that Ambassador Llewellyn E.
Thompson had a very uncom-
fortable time with First Deputy
Foreign Minister Vasily Kuzne-
tsov on Tuesday. Kuznetsov ap-
parently took North Korea's side
and blamed the U.S. for the
Pueblo incident.
He gave no sign he would send
on the U.S. request to the North
Koreans.
And the confrontation on Tues-
day night at Panmunjom be-
tween U.S. and North Korean
members of the 15-year old Mili-
tary Armistice Commission end-
ed up, as expected, in mutual
recriminations. The Communists
claimed that the ship was in
their territorial waters. The U.S.
side insisted there can be no
question but the ship was 25
miles away fro mNorth Korea
and obviously in International
waters.
Locations Given
Position reports given out by
the Defense Department indi-
cate the North Korean patrol
boats that captured the Pueblo
approached from the east, ap-
parently to intercept it.
The department said the Pueb-
lo's position as indicated by the
North Koreans' radar track was
39:25 North and 127:56 East.
The Pueblo's position at the
time of the appearance of the
first North Korean patrol boat
about 10 p.m. EST Monday was
given as 39:25 North, 127:55
East.
At 11:45 p.m., when the Pueblo
reported she was being boarded,
the U.S. ship gave her position
as 39:25 North, 127:54.3 East.
The Pentagon has pinpointed
these positions as about 25 miles
east of the North Korean coast.
North Korea, however gave an
"encounter" location of 39.17
north and 127.46 east�much
closer to land.
The negative responses the
diplomatic probing were expect-
ed, and many diplomats here
believe that once things quiet
down the Russians will use some
"quite diplomacy" and try to get
the release of the Pueblo.
Thus word is expected to go
out to Moscow to try again with
the Russians. Meanwhile Gold-
berg has been keeping U.N.
Secretary General U Thant
posted on developments.
Officially the United Nations is
still in charge of military opera-
tions in South Korea�a carryov-
er from the Korean war when 16
countries joined in a U.N. Com-
mand to fight against the com-
bined North Korean-Red Chinese
fcrces. The U.S. forces in Korea
wear,also a U.N. bat.
North Korea is an implacable
enemy of the United Nations and
each year Communist nations
try to get the United Nations
disengaged from Korea, but they
have consistently failed. Thus
it is not anticipated that Gold-
berg will ask the United Nations
to do anything formally.
Russia would immediately
veto any proposal for action�
thus making tensions in the area
more strained.
95 -TA-4
E.V2./4114q
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�
Korea and Vietnam
President Johnson's call-up of 14,787 Air Force
and Navy Air reservists yesterday is quite obviously
aimed at demonstrating this country's resolve and
increasing its capabilities in its confrontation with
North Korea over the hijacking of the USS Pueblo
earlier this week. The tactic is a familiar one,
used by President Kennedy in the Cuban missile
crisis, and earlier in a showdown over Berlin.
But another, perhaps better analogy comes quick-
ly to mind � President Johnson's use of the
Tonkin Gulf incident in August, 1964, as an op-
portunity to seek a sweeping congressional man-
date for his Vietnam policy. Now the Pueblo affair
has given the Administration a comparable justi-
fication for tapping the military reserves on a
scale which would have been difficult to justify
solely in terms of the highly controversial conflict
in Vietnam.
It does not matter whether this element loomed
large or small in the President's mind, just as it
doesn't matter whether the Korean provocation can
be proven to be part of a carefully orchestrated
Communist campaign to strain our resources. Pur-
pose aside, that is the plain effect; the simple fact.
amply demonstrated over the last few days, is that
our available military resources are spread 'thin,
so much so that it appears that appropriate air
action to rescue the Pueblo before it was captured
was apparently not available. So the President had
no choice but to do what he has tried so long to
avoid a politically unpopular call-up of the re-
serves.
Now that it's done, there might be something to
be said for dropping the other shoe. We have been
comforting ourselves for many months with the
thought that we can have it all�the war in Viet-
nam, the war against poverty, the butter and the
guns. It is time, if not well past time, for the
Nation to be told that just possibly we cannot
have it all, that we may have to review and re-
order our priorities, that the capacity of our
enemies to expand our Asian involvement, at
marginal risk to themselves, is very large.
All eyes are on the Pueblo and its 83-man crew,
as Congress rings with cries for retribution by
whatever' means. But the Vietnam war's largest
single buildup of enemy combat forces in one con-
centrated battle area now encircles some 5000
Marines in the remote base at Khesanh in the
northwest corner of the South. A resulting
Marine buildup has drawn large numbers of troops
away from pacification work against Vietcong guer-
rillas in other parts of the country.
Meanwhile, Hanoi is feinting towards Thailand
and threatening to upset the shaky stand-off in
Laos. These last moves may be feints, and nothing
more. The capture of the Pueblo may be sheer
coincidence�or the result of some informal work-
ing arrangement between North Korea and North
Vietnam with coaching from Moscow. or Peking.
Whatever the case, the pressure from the enemy
seems to be getting more intense. Our best hope of
countering this pressure while avoiding a wider
war almost certainly lies in a demonstration of our
willingness to wage a wider war if we must. This
calls, in turn, for striking a delicate balance and '
the President has wisely kept his counsel while lie
decides on countermoves. But he cannot count on
the show of public willingness he will ultimately
need unless he is willing himself to confront the
public in more forthright fashion with the stark
realities.
r4 a
H MA) Ndi
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Soviet Reaction Restrained
By Anatole Shub cult position vember. The Soviet leaders than by the con-iitself to be put in such a situa-
lhave also gone to considerable
Washincton Pon Forties Service flict in Vietnam. . bon. Nowhere was there was
MOSCOW, Jan, 25 � Soviet
commentators today compared
the Pueblo affair to the Ton-
kin Gulf incident of August,
1964, which brought on the
first American bombing of
North Vietnam. They also
linked the adventures of the
lengths in the hope of obtain-
ing North Korean participa-
tion in next month's Budapest
international communist "con-
sultative meeting" and in the
big world conference that the of 14,600 reserve airmen incident and the Vietnam
Russians hope will follow. "threatening act." a fighting were further compli.
News agencies reported
these foreign reactions to the
Pueblo seizure and related
events:
The Soviet news agency
Tess termed the U.S. callup
!there any support for an
!American military reaction.
The Vatican newspaper
L'Osservatore Romano called
for "prudence and sincerity,"
and warned that the Korean
!eating the situation in South-
For example, the Soviet British Prime Minister Wil- east Asia.
leaders deliberately renounced son, just back from ah official The official North Viet-
any hope of Yugoslav partici- visit to Moscow, said the Unit-;namese newspaper Nhan .Dan
ed States did not ask him to 'called the capture of the
discuss the incident while he Pueblo a "fitting lesson" to
was there. "It did not sedrnli-T.S. "warmongers." Under
appropriate to raise it and lithe headline "U.S. provoca-
had not been asked to do so," Acura caught red-banded in
Wilson said. Korea," the newspaper con-
London's Foreign Office oded demised the American "bally-
plored" the ship's seizure and !boo" over the incident and ac-
said it was convinced the Pueb- lensed the United States of
lo had been in 'international sending spy ships into Korean
waters. The Times of London, lwaters many times and of
no legal justification for the n-
while declaring that there was �thousands of shellings and i
trusions into North Korea.
capture, cautioned that "there!
Soviet leaders have yet should be no reason in prin- '
handed down a firm line on the ,Korea away from China has cirple why the seizure . .
been a muting of Russia's die- should lead to a major inter-1
national crisis."
There was still no official;
French comment on the inci-;
"highly strung, nervous atmosi a ig ovie - apa- dent. The consensus in the
nese deal � possibly including press was that North Korea's'
phere" in Washington to the, time of the attack on the Ds. a peace treaty, return of some action was a deliberate provo-,
i
destroyer Maddox in the Ton- Ismail islands to Japan, andication as part of an effort to,
rrl
major Japanese investmentsidilute the American focus o
kin Gulf. Tass, in a long account by Siberia Siberia � has been slowed; Vietnam, Donlad Louchheim
,Moscow commentator Igor
down partly to appease North of The Washington Postl
I
lOrlov, concentrated on the .K015 which is involved in,reported from Paris. There:
"angry reaction of world opin. iseveral disputes with the Japa.;was muted press criticism of;
lion," recalled the U.2 case and nese' the United States for allowing
similar spy incidents, and said iMoseow Follows
the Pueblo affair "should bel These and other signs of
taken together" with "the in North Korea's special place in
vasion of neutral Cambodia by soviet calculations appear to
American troops" and the B-32; indicate that Moscow is in-
accident, � I clined to follow, rather than
Intense Interest lead, Pyongyang in the Pueblo,
While Soviet media showed
!
incident. That was the ease on
no signs of attempting to fan Tuesday, when Soviet Deputy
a crisis atmosphere, Moscow iForeign Minister Vassily Kuz-
observers had little doubt ofnetsov told American Ambas-
the Kremlin's intense interest;sector Llewellyn Thompson
'
in the outcome of the affair. that Moscow would not inter-
cede with Pyongyang. and that
ihe Soviet Union is linked tol
North Korea by a mutual se-
; the United States should ad-
eurity treaty, and North Korea dress its inquiries directly to!
has in recent months played a the North Koreans.
key role in Soviet maneuvers This state of affairs could be:
,
Promising or dangerous, de-'
within the world Communist'
movement,
pending on the North Koreans I
,and the United States.
The Soviet-North Korean.
treaty, signed in 1961 and Should the North Koreansl
devise a face-saving comprol
valid until 1971, declares that.
if one of the parties "is eximise, such as keeping the
posed to an armed attack" the! Pueblo while releasing its I
:crew, the Soviet Union wouldi
other party "will immediately render military assistance certainly be among the first to'
l
awith the help of all the means applaud. But should honor and!
pride in Pyongyang and Wash-
Within the world Comm-
-at its disposal." ington bring on a second No-
fist movement, the North Ko-I;
rean war, the Soviet Union, a!
reans had been considered;thermonuclear power hound�
pro-Chinese until Pekingby treaty and a common. fron.
:
launched its Cultural Revolts-
tier to North Korea, would be
!
lion in July, 1966. Patientplaced in a much mote diffi-
wooing by the Soviet Unioni
since that time, and particul
larly in recent months, has,
brought fair results.
Friendship
North Korea was repre-
sented, although not at sum-
mit level, at Moscow's 50th an-
.niversary celebrations last No-
spy ship to both the B-52 crash
in Greenland and events in
Southeast Asia as evidence of Washington's "provocative" pation in those meetings
largely because that would
and "dangerous" course.
Soviet press comment was make North Korean attend-
on the whole restrained, con- ance impossible. The North
slating mainly of relaying
Koreans still resent Yogosla-
facts and opinions from The via 's support for the United
Washington Post, New York
Nations effort in the Korean
Times and other western
war (which coincided with the
newspapers and press agen-
Stalin-Tito conflict), and dun
cies.
ling their long pro:Chinese
The press appeared to be 'phase they firmly condemned
half a day behind events, Yogoslav "revisionism."
which is not unusual here, and
offered little evidence that the
gue
Thus, tonight's Izvestia leftlo with Japan. There have
it to New York correspondent ibeen numerous indications
S. Kondrashov to compare the since last summer that move-
Still

another price the So-
viet Union appears to .have
paid for partly weaning North
Ni a ,
NORIVIniq Pelt
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Reds Say Crewmen
Must Be Punished;
Diplomatic
By Chalmers M. Roberts ..
Washington Post Staff Writer
North Korea said early
today that the crewmen of
ithe USS Pueblo "must be
;punished" and warned that
it is "fully prepared to cope
' with . . . any surprise at-
tack" in retaliation for the
Pueblo seizure.
The statement did not say
whether North Korea planned:
to put the men on trial oI
was demanding their punish-
ment by American authorities
as a condition of their release.
The statement by Rodong
Shinmoon, the organ of the
North Korean Communist
Party, was monitored in Tokyo
several hours after Secretary
of State Dean Rusk told a
New York audience that the
only satisfactory solution to
the Pueblo crisis is "immedi-
ate" release of the ship and
crew.
Earlier yesterday the United
States turned to the United
Nations Security Council in an
effort to solve the crisis short
of force. President Johnson
instructed Ambassador Arthur.
!J. Goldberg to ask for an
; "urgent session" of the Se-,
curity Council. It may be held'
today.
Call for Punishment
The North Korean state-,
ment, as reported by Associ-1
ated Press, called its seizure,
of the Pueblo on Jan. 23 a
"proper self-defense measure"
and warned if there is a repe-
tition of "provocations" it will
"sternly punish., the aggres-
sors."
Then it said:
'The criminals who en-
croach upon others' sovereign-
ty and comniit provocative
acts must' receive deserving!
punishment.
"These criminals must be
punished by law."
Referring to what it called 1
'the clamor of the Johnson!
clique who are attempting to;
threaten someone with a ridic-'
ulous talk about a 'retaliatory!
measure,'" the paper said:
"If the U.S. imperialist ag-
gressors think they can:
:tighten our people with.
threat or blackmail, it is really
a stupid illusion."
It said the Korean people
"are fully prepared to cope
with any provocation or sur-
prise attack of the enemy and
are completely ready to deal
a hundred-fold, thousand-fold,
See PUEBLO, All, Col. 1
retaliation to it, if it pounces
upon us."
The paper said the Pueblo's
captain had confessed that the
ship intruded deep into North
�Korean waters. It said this was
"an arrogant hostile act" by
the United States and "a de-
liberate, premeditated provo-
cation for stepping . up their
policy of war ignition ir
Korea." �
Secretary Rusk's staternelt
In his New York speech last
night was the moot precise
yet from a high Administra-
tion official as to just what
the Administration is seeking
and, most importantly, as to
the timing involved.
Rusk .declared that the sei-
zure of the ship in internation-
al waters was "without prece-
dent end is intolerable and
there can be no satisfactory
result short of the prompt,
may I say immediate, release
of that ship and its Officers
and crew."
�
_ .- . . .., .. .. . . , . .. . .
Tension was mounting in ed confession by thc�.ship's
Washington as the Presidenticaptain expressing hope for
(
sought a diplomatic way" out forgiveness. It also was noted
lof the crisis' n announcing thatx the full transcript of the
Mixed the request for a U.N. session,
the White House said it re- meeting
Armistice Commission
fleeted Mr Johnson's "earnest ting on Tuesday contained.
fl
this statement by the North
desire to settle this matter representative:Korean
'Promptly and if at all possible' ,,
hy diplomatic means." All you have to do is to
admit military provocations
The statcment linked the
, seizure of the Pueblo with "ag- and aggressive acts committed
-. by your side, apologize for
gresive actions" by North Ko
r them and assure this (confer-
ea across the demilitarized
zone against South Korea. ence) table that you will not
re-commit such criminal acts."
1 First reaction from the U.N. But this large demand was
iwas that the Council might' not coupled with any promise.
ask North Korea to send a Furthermore, there is every
representative to give its, side. reason to believe the crew-
of the controvery, though the
'
: men will be subject to lengthy
prospects that the Commu-
'interrogation. Many of them
nists would agree are consid-I arc highly trained in the most
ered dim. 'secret American intelligence
More hope for action is
techniques, which are, of sur-
placed in a second effort to passing interest to all the
enlist the aid of the Soviet Communist nations.
Union in winning release of Be
the ship. A second message tO.the most interested
,-, the Soviet
+P'S equipment, much of.. ...
of n ialla a tirla
I
Moscow was reported to be en these techniques and in the
route last night. The first ef-'s�.
fort resulted in a face-to-face which apparently was not de-
rebuff on. Tuesday to Ambas- stroyed, the belief here is that
sador Llewellyn E. Thompson any Soviet action to free thee
when he made the request to vessel and crewmen would!
Soviet Deputy Foreign Minis- have to wait for some time. I
ter Vasily Kuznetsov. . President Johnson had a se-'
Some reports here suggest-.5 of meetings yesterday on
cd there was hope that thethe crisis, beginning with
Pueblo's crew might be re- breakfast. Present were Rusk.'
leased because the Commu- Defense Secretary Robert S.
nists had broadcast a pUrport- McNamara, Goldberg, Presid
, dential Assistant Walt W. Ros-'
tow and press secretaries!
George Christian and Tom
'Johnson.
The same group, plus income,
.ing Defense Secretary Clark!:
IM. Clifford, had met the eve-
!rang before, Christian told .
newsmen yesterday.
Christian's stress during the �
day was on further diplomatic
efforts. He told reporters that
-"diplomatic efforts are contin-
uing ant: we certainly hope
they bear some fruit in the
very near future."
The only word from the
State Department was that
diplomatic efforts were contin-
uing.
The U.N. move was decided
on at a White House luncheon
meeting. Christian said. Gold-
berg then dispatched a formal
request to Security Council
President Aga Shahl of Paki-
stan.
A public debate at the U.N.
will raise serious problems.
The Soviet Union will be
bound- to defend its -fellow
Communist i..atlite, North
Korea. and and veto any move
against it. Several other na-
tions on the Council this year
are generally hostile to the
United States, especially over
the Vietnam war.
Furthermore, by linking to
the Pueblo incident the North
Korean actions against South
Korea, the United States is in-
directly involving the U.N. it-
self.
The forces in South Korea,
although now reduced. to
South Korean and American!
troops with a handful of of
as observers from a fewl
other nations, are technically
under U.N. command.
HD14)1t)(7
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Associated Press
Mrs. Bucher listens to tape recording allegedly made
by her husband, skipper of the captured USS Pueblo,
.:2(0 ,ZAAJ
HDP..44.
Prifue-
BUCHER�From Page Al -
Pueblo's Orders
Restricted Gunfire
� The standing instructions for the USS Pueblo were
:to avoid an international incident by moving out of the
area if harassed rather than use her guns, it was learned
yesterday.
The ship's three .50-caliber machine guns were to be
kept under canvas unless the survival of the ship de-
pended on them.
These rules for ferret, or
spy, ships like the Pueblo may
explain why her skipper,
Cmdr. Lloyd M. Bucher, wait-
ed until it was too late to resist
the North Korean boarding
Monday night.
Reliable sources said last
night that North Koreans
boarded the Pueblo without
one shot being fired by the
kmericans. The injuries to
:our Pueblo crewmen, it was
�;earned authoritatively, came
, from the explosions Bucher set
. cff to destroy the ship's secret
!spy equipment.
:Backed by Superiors
i
The very topside of the Navy
s standing behind Bucher on
. the basis of facts on hand so
!far. Top officers regard Bu-
cher's decisions as consistent
with his instructions to avoid
trouble.
Mrs. Rose Bucher, wife of
the Pueblo skipper, said in an
j interview last night that Adm.
'Thomas H. Moorer, Chief of
Naval Operations, had ex-
pressed the Navy support of
her husband's decisions .in a
telephone call yesterday.
The Pueblo is not a fighting
ship, but a passive one with
the job of eavesdropping on
communications all around it.
tier crew are electronic spe-
cialists rather than experi-
enced gunners used to rushing
io battle stations.
Navy officers reason that
Bucher saw the four North
Korean patrol boats as another
in a long series of harassing
See BUCIIER, All, Col.16
Pueblo's Orders Restricted Gunfire
actions. Even after the North
Koreans forced their way
aboard at gunpoint, Bucher
could have reasoned this was
a temporary tweaking of the
United States, rattier than a
plan to capture the ship.
There are no sea cocks on
the Pueblo that could have
been opened to let enough
water into the hull to sink the
ship. And sources said such
ships do not ordinarily carry
explosives other than the small
ones needed to destroy spy
equipment and codes.
This would seem to rule out
any chance of Bucher scut-
tling his ship. And if he did so,
the lives of his 82 crewmen
could have been lost�either;
through freezing in the cold'
water where the Pueblo lay or
from the North Koreans open-
ing fire on them. �
Bucher's only chance, then,.
seemed to be help from other'
U.S. ships or planes. This did
not arrive from the time Bu-
cher sent out his call about
midnight Monday (EST) until
the undisclosed time�at least
two hours later � when the
Pueblo was taken into the
North Korean port of Wonsan.
It was also learned ynster
day that the Pueblo lay dead
in the water with water col-
lection bottles strung over the
side when first accosted by the
North Koreans. The, water
samples were part of the
Pueblo's oceanographic re-
search.
Richard Halloran, Washing-
ton Post correspondent in
Seoul, said sources there
claimed the Pueblo's crew was
taken off the ship shortly after,
capture. The Pueblo's officers,!
he said, then were flown to.
Pyongyang but the enlisted,
men presumably were kept in
Wonsan.
The Pueblo's capture had all
the earmarks of a long-planned'
operation, Halloran wrote.
The North Korean Defense:
Minister reportedly flew to
�Wonsan to inspect the ferret
,ship.
: The fate of Bucher was still
not known here last night.
North Korea's radio sent out a
. broadcast of Bucher's alleged
confession.
i The voice, alleged to be Bu-
cher's, said "I and my crew
have perpetrated such a grave
criminal act, but our parents
and wives and children at
home are anxiously waiting for
us to return in safety.
"Therefore," the broadcast
.continued, "we only hope, and
.it is the greatest desire of my-
'self and all soy crew, that we
'will be forgiven leniently by
the government of the Demo-
cratic Peoples Republic of
Korea."
In San Diego, Bucher's wife
said after hearing a recording
of the broadcast: 'That is not
my husband's voice. It does not
sound in any remote way like
my husband. The inflections
and sound were not his."
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By George C. Wilson
Wanhinston Post Staff Writer
President Johnson Called
up 14,787 air reservists yes-
terday as the United States
moved to put pressure On
North Korea to release the
USS Pueblo and its Crew Of
83 men.
Just what military role the
reservists will play was not
made clear at the Pentagon or
anywhere else in Washington.
The men called up were told
to report to their units by
midnight Friday. They were
not told in their orders where
they would go from there.
Can Be on Duty 2 Years
The reservists, under the au-
thority the President imple-
mented yesterday, can be kept
on active duty as long as two
years.
ICongressional leaders, who
often are briefed in advance
, on such announcements, were
:taken by surprise by the call.
up.
[United Press International
quoted informed sources in
Seoul last night as saying two
squadrons of Air Force fight-
er-bombers and interceptors�
about 100 planes,-nad moved
to South Korean bases and
I that the nuclear-powered car-
!tier Enterprise with at least
, another 100 planes may have
'moved to within 100 Miles of
Wonsan, the North Korean
port where the Pueblo was
taken. But .a spokesman said
reports that the carrier would
move to within a few miles
of Wonsan and broadcast an
ultimatum were "unthink-
able."]
1 The last time reservists were
!called up was during the 1962
I Cuban missile crisis. The
q4,000 men stayed on active
' duty for one month. In the
1961 Berlin crisis, President
Kennedy Called up 148,000
i-nen. Most were on active duty
about 10 months.
The type of units called uP
yesterday showed that- the
Joint Chiefs of Staff and De-
fense Secretary Robert S.
McNamara believed that the
. U.S. air arm needed strength-
ening.
Precautionary move
Phil G. Goulding, Pentagon
information chief, said the
call-up was "a precautionary
measure to strengthen our
I forets.
I All the units activated yes-
terday are for air warfare or
See CALL-UP, AS, Col. 1
�,
�
U.S. Turns to U.N.
Military
for airlifting troops or sup-
plies.
All told, there are 372
planes attached to the reserve
units. Two hundred of them
are F-100s, a supersonic jet
that can carry a 'big load of
bombs and rockets.
The rest of the reserve fleet
activated consists of 72 Navy
A-9 and F-8 fighters; 46 trans-
ports, mostly C-124s, and 54
RF-101 reconnaissance planes.
There are 672 pilots among
the 9340 Air Force National
Guardsmen, 4847 Air Force re-
servists and 600 Navy air re-
servists called up from the
District of Columbia and 16
states.
The White House said it :
still hoped for a diplomatic,
rather than a military, solu-
tion to the Pueblo crisis. But
White House Press Secretary
George Christian did not rule
out a call-up of ground forces.
"When and if decisions are
made on a callup of Army and
Marine Corps reservists,"
Christian said, "appropriate
announcements will be made
promptly."
Goulding said the military
chiefs and McNamara had rec-
ommended the call-up to the
President. He would not say
when the recommendation was
made but said the decision on
it came yesterday morning.
The President's activation of
reservists amidst the .Vietnam
war undercuts the Administra-
tion's steady insistence that
U.S. forces are not overex-
tended in the world.
McNamara long has pointed
to the Vietnam war as a model
of Pentagon manpower man-
agement since it has been
fought without calling reserv-
ists.
Military leaders have com-
plained that his policy pro-
�vides little leeway for han-
dling unforeseen military
emergencies. They warned
they would have to turn to the
reserves to handle them.
Most members of Congress
who would comment on the
call-up approved the show of
strength, but some feared it
would lead to a larger war.
Senate Armed Services
Committee Chairman Richard
B. Russell (D-Ga.) called it "a
natural sequence in the course
of world events." Rep. L. Men-
del Rivers (D-S.C.) termed it at
wise move.
.7-Api 04,
HoR,,JiA)1 ?PrPER_
;
�
In Boston, Sen. Eugene J.
McCarthy (D-Minn.) said the
callup was "a very disturbing
action" because it disrupted
family and business lives. He
said he would like more in-
formation on the Pueblo seiz-
ure; including "where the ship
was and where it had been."
Sen. Henry M. Jackson (D-
Wash.) said: "The President is
making every effort to convey
to the world�particularly the
Communist World�the ser-
iousness of this situation. He
is exhausting all alternatives
short of using force."
Senate Majority Leader
Mike Mansfield (Mont.) said
the action "underlines the ser-
iousness of the situation that
now confronts us" and indi-
cates a possibility of the wid-
ening of the difficulties that
confront us in the Far East."
Sen. Ernest Gruening (1)-A-
laska), a leading war critic,
called it an "alarming indica-
tion" of a bigger war.
While most reaction cen-
tered on the Pueblo incident,
the call-up could ease some of
the strains of the Vietnam
war. All through the war,
American airplanes coming off
the production line have
barely kept pace with those
lost in the field.
This heavy demand for air-
craft in Vietnam left little for
deployment to handle emer-
gencies in South Korea.
The supply of aircraft may
have figured in the military
decision not to try to rescue
the Pueblo Tuesday when the
ship was being forced into the
North Korean port of Wonsan
by four North Korean patrol
boats.
Defense officials would not
comment on reports yesterday
that what few U.S. Air Force
planes were available in South
Korea to help the Pueblo
could not be sent out because
they were strapped with nu-ISouth Korea are extensive
clear weapons. Congressional'enough to accommodate a big
sources said they had been influx of planes and men, if
told the planes could not be the President decides to send
refitted with conventional reservists there.
;ordnance in time to help the One of the many unanswered
questions about the Pueblo af-
'seized ship,
fair is why planes in Japan did
Military sources said the air not go to the aid of the ship
cover decision went beyond when the call for help went out.
the airplanes and their ord- At jet fighter speeds, the
nance and took in a host of H.S. planes could have
policy *considerations, includ- reached the scene in less than
ing the escalatory effect of an hour. And these fighters
taking on the North Korean must have been armed for
air force to avenge the conventional warfare since
Pueblo. Japan does not allow nuclear
The U.S. 5th Air Force eus- weapons on her soil.
toznarily rotates fighters from The U.S. would have had to
Japan into and out of South obtain prior consent from
Korea. The usual mix of F-4 Japan to dispatch planes from
and F-100 fighter-bombers can her bases to help the Pueblo
carry either conventional or according to the Japanese For-
nuclear bombs, but the Penis- eign Ministry.
gon would not disclose what The ministry spokesman.
numbers were on hand at the Kinya Niiseki, said yesterday
time of the Pueblo incident, that the U.S. did not make
The air base facilities in such a request.
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President Warns N. Korea
Waohineton Post Staff Writers
President Johnson broke his
silence yesterday for the first
time since North Korea seized
the Pueblo by warning that
the action "cannot be ac-
cepted."
Speaking from the White,
House on all television net-1
works, the President said that
while the United States was
still pursuing diplomatic ef-
forts to persuade North Korea:
to return the ship, it also was
taking "certain precautionary"
.military steps to prepare for:
lany contingency that might:
'arise in the area."
The President's brief state-1
inept was made in midafter-
noon following a stern State
Department warning to North
Korea against treating the
captured crew as criminals
subject to trial and punish-
ment.
1 Mr. Johnson held a series of
meetings with his advisers on
what White House Press Sec-
retary George Christian said
was an almost continuous
basis.
As other Administration
statements have done, the
Seizure Cannot Be Accepted
By Carrell Kilpatrick President linked the seizure of ;another wanton and aggres-I
and Warren Unna the Pueblo with "aggressiveisive act," he said:
"Clearly this cannot be ac-
cepted."
The military actions taken
in connection with the Korean
crisis "do not involve a redue-
actions" by North Korea
against South Korea.
He said that the North may
be attempting t� "intimidate"
the South , and interrupt its
"growing spirit of confidence bon in any way, of our forces
and progress" and to divert in Vietnam," Mr. Johnson
South Korean and American said.
resources from Vietnam. Earlier Christian was asked
Calling the ship seizure "yet See PRESIDENT, A10, Col. I
1.
.whether Thursday's. cal -up of "it would release mem ay sue �
certain Air Force and Navy re-I down."
servists was also required by :
iNo Deadline Set .
�the Vietnam situation. He re-I
plied that action was "related! Queried by reporters re-
directly to the situation in:garding issuing any deadline
Korea and nothing else."
Ito North Korea for the crew's
The warning to North Korea!return, Rusk said that while
not to treat the crew of the-�� deadline had been set,
Pueblo as criminals came -"Today would be a good time
from the State Department i to turn it (the ship) back."
after North Korea's radio ini The Administration yester-
Pyongyang broadcast a corn; day made public two other
mentary from the official moves it has made in trying to
Communist Party organ, co- secure the return of the
dong Sinmun. Pueblo and its crew:
The article said that "the � The International Com-
criminals who have violated mittee of the Red Cross has
the sovereignty of another ;been "most urgently" re-
country: and perpetrated a pro-:quested "to intercede on be-i
vocative act must receive due. half of the .personnel : . . to
punishment. These criminals inquire about their welfare,
must be dealt with by law." 1 and physical condition; to re-I
;quest 'their early release; and:
Action Called 'Illegal ." to offer ICRO assistance in ar-
In response, State Depart-' rangements for their release."
:tient Spokesman � Robert J.1 In Geneva, International Red
McCloskey told his noon press. Cross headquarters said offi-
briefing: 'dais already had been in con-
"In our view, this statementkact with North Korean Red
Is a flagrant travesty of the, Cross authorities.
facts. It is the action of North! The ICRC was particularly
Korea which is, and has been,' asked to secure the repatria-
.,
illegal from the outset. tion of the seriously wounded..
"The U.S. Government To .date, Washington has been
would consider any such move under the impression that'
by North Korea to be a de. four of the Pueblo's crew were
liberate aggravation of an al7;injured, one critically, during;
ready serious situation," Mc-; the blowing up of the ship's'
Closkey warned: - I detection equipment. But at!
Secretary tif . State Dean, the Military Armistice Corn- I
Rusk, emerging from a closedimission meeting at the Pan,
meeting with the Senate For-IImunjom border Tuesday:
�
eign Relations Committee� night, North Korean Gen. Pak'
termed the Pyongyang broad-Chung Kuk referred to the, .
cast" "rePrebensible." He saldhkilling and wounding" of
al North Korea really wants to "several."
deal with the 83 captured U.S.i � State Department officials
Navy men aceordins to law,'briefed represcntrtives of the
. .._. .._ .
.,7-A7J 0)7
1,4 D fLAL IOC; PacarPE/Za,
15 nations who had joined the
'United States in providing
troops for the United Nations:
push-back of North Korea's in-i
vasion of South Korea in 1950;
to 1953.
The thrust of the briefing
was to emphasize the at-
tempts being made to solve
the crisis peacefully. Accord-
ing to one of the diplomats at-
tending, no one thought it
� proper to ask what might hap-
pen if the peace attempts fail.
Nations Listed
The 15 nations represented
:were: Australia, Belgium, Can-
ada, Colombia, Ethiopia,
France, Greece, Luxembourg,
the Netherlands, New Zealand,
the Philippines, South Africa,,
Thailand, Turkey and the!
United Kingdom.
In Moscow, U.S. Ambassal
dor Llewellyn E. Thompson
called on Soviet Foreign Min-
ister Andrei A. Gromyko in a
second attempt to get the So-
viets to intercede with North
Korea for release of the
, Pueblo and its crew. Indica-I
tions were that the Soviets
still have shown no interest in'.
passing on the U.S. request.
State Department spokes-,
man McCloskey explained that'
the United States now is mak-
ing the same request through
"A number of diplomatic
channels." One of these, it was
learned, is Japan, the U.S. ally
that lies closest to North
Korea and a nation that has
conducted periodic negotia-
tions with Pyongyang in the
past regarding the repatria-
tion of Japan's many Korean-
born residents.
In its attempts to gain com-
munication with North Korea,
a nation with whom the
United States has no diplo-
matic relations, diplomats
here are perusing the lost of
nations with whom North
Korea does have ties.
This includes all the Com-
munist nations, as well as Yu-
goslavia, Guinea, Mali. Alge-
ria, Yemen, Egypt, Indonesia,
Mauritania, Cambodia, Brazza-
ville Congo, Syria, Tanzamia
and Somalia.
In addition, North Korea
maintains consulates general
:in Rangoon, New Delhi, Col-
ombo and Baghdad.
IOne top foreign diplomat,
Thai Foreign Minister Thanat
Thoman, -was in Washington
yesterday to confer with Sec-
retary of State Rusk. Thailand
iS known to feel that even if
the United States went to war
with North Korea, it is a suffi-
cient global power to be able
:to maintain its campaign in
IVietnam undiminished.
After he briefed members of
the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee yesterday, Rusk
told reporters the Pueblo had
been in "international waters
at all stages according to every
indication that we have."
This gave top-level affirma-
tion to previous Administra-
tion insistence that the Pueblo
had never transgressed into
North, Korea's territorial wa-
ters. --
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�
North 'Koreans at least two
hours to get the slow (12.2
knots top speed) Pueblo into
the port of Wonsan from hed
position 26 miles outside it.
Jets could have reached her
from Japanese bases in less
than an hour. Okinawa, about
900 miles from Wonsan, would
have been a tighter squeak
since flying time for a loaded
fighter-bomber would be close
to two hours.
But as in the case of the at-.
tack on the U.S. spy ship Liber-
ty during the Israeli-Arab war
last year, field commanders'
were not sure what had hap-
pened to the Pueblo nor wheth-:
em' its hijacking was part of al
larger North Korean military'
campagn's. '
In this latter case, the Mild-,
als argued, the military corn-,
menders would have had to
risk taking on the North Kor-
ean air force.
Also, these officials said,'
there were snow flurries and.
II low weather ceiling � hardly
!teal flying conditions for
lighters trying to shoot the
Pueblo predicament without
sinking her in the process.
As for Bucher's handling of
the situation, defense officials
could find no faults.
been going on more than a
North Korean harrassment
of American ferret ships has
been going on for more than
a year, they said, so Bucher
had no way to know until the
boarding that the Pueblo's
predicament was different.
A sister ship of the Pueblo,
the Banner, had been harrassed
by 11 patrol boats for 21/2
hours at an undisclosed loca-
tion in the Far East.within the
Uncertainty
Held Back
U.S. Planes
By George C. Wilson
Viashlnaton Post stet writer I
There were plenty of Ameri-1
can planes on hand.that coaldi
have come to the rescue of the
Pueblo had commanders decid-1
ed that was the right move,
defense officials said last night!
, Fighters in Japan and Oki-1
nawa were not sent out, these.
!officials said, because of the.
!uncertainty of what had hap-
pened and unfavorable flying!
conditions.
The Pueblo was first �ap-
preached by a North Korean;
patrol boat about 10 p.m. Mon-
day. Commander Lloyd M.
'Bucher, her skipper, called for
help about 11:45 p.m. when the
North Koreans began board-
ing. The last message from the
Pueblo was at 12:12 a.m.
Although the United States
had few fighters in South Ko-
rea, defense officials said there
was a total of about 450 attack
planes that could have reached
the Pueblo in a hurry from
bases in Japan and Okinawa.
Japanese spokesmen have
said no planes could have
taken off without their ad-
vance permission. But Wash-.
!ington sources said yesterday
this was not a factor in the last 15 months these officials
'
Pueblo case. said.
Peking Finally Tells
Of Pueblo's Capture
Prom News Dispatches
Radio Peking- last night North Korean territorial wa-
broke Communist China's si-
lence about the seizure of the
USS Pueblo by broadcasting
the North Korean version of
the incident.
The 120-word report was the
next-to-last item on the radio's
11 p.m. newscast. It contained
no threat of Chinese interven-
tion.-
The broadcast, monitored in
Hong Kong, said that accord-
ing to the (North) Korean Cen-
tral News Agency the Pueblo
was captured in Korean wa-
ters after a struggle during
which several Americans were
killed or Wounded and more
than 80 were captured. It said
the Pueblo's captain, Cmdr.
Lloyd M. Bucher, had con-
fessed that he was carrying
out espionage activities inside
' It would have taken � the Defense officials stuck to
the line that ferret ships, or
any other kind, have a perfect
right to sail on international
waters. The United States does
not intend to provide ferret
ships with armed escorts, de-
spite the fate of the Pueblo,
according to these officials.
They said the United States
could pick up 15 to 20 Soviet!
reconnaissance trawlers in a
night ii it wanted to.
The callup of 14,787 air re-
servists signified the U.S. 10.1
tention to assert this freedom!
of the seas, defense officials
said. They made it clear that
the top priority is to get the
Pueblo's crew back safe and
sound.
These officials did not ex-
press any alarm over what
secrets the Communists might
uncover as they sift through
the Pueblo's eavesdropping
equipment. They really critical
material like codes, defense
oofficials indicated, had been
destroyed as the North
Koreans came aboard � the.
Pueblo.
ters.
In other developments:
� The Japanese Socialist
Party asserted that the Pueblo
had been seized because of "a
dangerous U.S. conspiracy and
part of its reckless war poli-
cies." The statement was is-
sued on the final day of the
Party's three-day national
convention. It urged the
United States to seek "a
peaceful solution to the tense
situation."
� In Moscow, the official
Taos news agency reported
from Peking that Communist
China has charged that U.S.
aircraft violated Chinese air
space Thursday. Tass said the
Chinese announced they had
delivered their 449th "serious
warning" in connection with
the alleged incident
Russian Spy Ship
Near Enterprise
A Soviet spy ship like
the Pueblo is sailing right
along with the carrier
Enterprise and its task
force off South.Korea, de-
fense officials said last
night.
�They identified the fer-
ret ship as the trawler
Gidroglog and pointed to
her presence as an ex-
whole of tlie intsmitional
acceptance of the4ight of
these vessels to operate
on ti7ser- WO. APVP'''�
Netv-Budier,
'Statement'
Broadcast
From News Dispatches
TOKYO, Jan. 27, (Saturday)
�The North Korean News
Agency (KCNA) today report-
ed on an alleged interview
with the captain of the Pueblo
in which he said he and his
crew were being treated well
by their North Korea captors.
Cmdr. Lloyd Bucher, accord-
ing to KCNA, said he was
"deeply moved, first and fore-
most, by the humanintarian
treatment accorded us.
"We are very serious crimin-
als . .. but we are being treat-
ed well . . we are getting on
in good health and without
any in convenience whatever
in our life."
Bucher said he and his crew
have no excuse for their
"grave" crime, according to
the agency report.
"I think we should be pun-
ished in according with the
, criminal law of the Democratic
1people's Republic of Korea.
,But we weie tempted by
'money and honor to commit
!usch a crime", Bucher was
;quoted as saying.
North Korean newspapers
had earlier demanded Bucher
and his crew be tried as crim-
!inals. Earlier broadcasts and
tapes of Bucher "confessing"
that the Pueblo was in North
Korean waters have been
labeled as frauds by Bucher's
wife.
In Washington, the United
States warned North Korea
that any move to try the cap-
tured crew and officers of the
Pueblo as criminals.would
flame'... an "alreadi 'serious
5A�rj
HDRsJin)i.
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Rep. Rivers Asks Ultimatum
Chairman L. Mendel Rivers,son's decision to withhold any airport within minutes' flying
of the House Armed Servicesfthreat of direct retaliation, time of the Pueblo were not
Committee broke a genera11y1whi1e exploring diplomatic operational.
solid cordon of congressional!channels for the return of the Laird also contended that
support for a policy of restraintisurveillance ship and its crew. the North Koreans had sig-
yesterday by advocating a 24-1 While most comment was staled their intention to attack
hour ultimatum to the North carefully nonpartisan, Rep. the Pueblo in a radio broad-
Koreans. Melvin R. Laird (R-Wis.) sug- cast in early January, com-
Rivers, a South Carolina gested in an interview with plaining that the electronic
Democrat, said that unless the the Milwaukee Journal that surveillance ship was "causing
captured Navy ship Pueblo is the Johnson Administration considerable difficulty."
returned within that time, a had been caught napping un- Sen. Jacob K. Javits (R-N.Y.)
North Korean city should be necessarily. ,told a New York press confer.
destroyed by aerial attack. "I thought we learned some-1ence "a revolt is brewing in
"I'd select a target," Rivers thing at Pearl Harbor," LairdiCongress" over the Pueblo set-
told a United Press Interne- said. The Congressman, azure. He said he would recom-
tonal reporter. "I'd do like member of the Defense Appro. mend an investigation of the
Truman did. Let one of them priations Subcommittee, said�incident by the Senate For-
disappear." destroyer escort protectionfrign Relations Committee "un-
The Armed Services Com- had been removed from the,less the American people are
mittge's chairman contrasted i Korean area six months ago.!given the facts before this
with a bipartisan chorus of en- He also said that eight fight-weekend."
doryment for President John-- era based at -a 'South Koreanl The general restraint
Britain Calls 'Hijacking'
Of Pueblo an Outrage
fly Alfred Friendly
Washington Post Foreign Service
LONDON, Jan, 26�Brit-
ish Foreign Secretary
George Brown repeated to-
day his conviction that the
American ship Pueblo was
in International waters when
the North Koreans seized it.
lie said Britain was "out-
raged."
His statement to the
House of Commons was
made after he attended a
meeting of the Cabinet's De-
fense and Overseas Policy
Committee called by Prime
Minister Wilson, and accord-
ingly it was taken as a posi-
tion approved by the govern-
ment.
' Questioned on what mis-
sion the Pueblo was per-
forming, Brown said:
"We know very well there
are activities in which every-
body is engaged. There are
Ships off our coasts and we
know what they are doing.
We must be sensible about .
each other's activities in this
respect."
The seizure was prob-
ably a deliberate provoca-
tion, aimed both to North
Korean politic o-military
ends and at making Amer-
icas campaign in Vietnam
more difficult.
� � It is essential for the
United States to "play it
cool" and not be provoked
into hostilities on a second
Asian front.
:comment on the incident in-
cluded the remarks of two
men campaigning in New
Hampshire against President
Johnson.
Gov. George Romney of
Michigan a candidate for the
Republican presidential nomi-
nation, and Sen. Eugene J.
McCarthy (D-Minn.), who is
opposing Mr. Johnson for the
Democr atic renomination,
both counseled caution.
McCarthy, while not ruling
out the use of force, said in
Nashua he believed the
Pueblo can be recovered
"without a real military ex-
change."
ney, campaigning in
said "we ought to
iy means" to get the
litk, but added that the
tif tactics must be left
La the 'President, because no
one else has the requisite in-
formation.
A third New Hampshire visi-
tor, retired Lt. Gen. James H.
Gavin, said in Hanover he was
"appalled" at the lack of air
cover for the Pueblo and said
"the use of force to suppress
piracy" was fully justified.
Among the many statements
urging restraint and com-
mending the President's "pa-
tience" was one signed by the
heads of five major Protestant
denominations, the United
!Church of Christ, the United
'Presbyterian Church in the
'U.S.A., the Methodist Church,
�the International Convention
I of Christian Churches and the
!American Baptist Convention.
1 However, a separate tele-
gram from 14 other religious
land civic organization officials
combined general support of
the President's stand with a
'criticism of the mobilization
of Reserve forces.
Senate Democratic Leader
'Mike Mansfield of Montana
.led a number of lawmakers in
'praising the President's stand
and cautioning against any
"rash act" that could *lead to
another Asian land war. Sen.
William Proxmire (D-Wis.) and
Sen. Frank J. Lausche (D-
Ohio) took similar stands.
Rep. Paul Findley (MIL) of-
fered a resolution placing
Congress on record in 'support
of any action the President
would take to recover the
Pueblo and Its erft. � ' �
r
411/4 07
ton?) Ai /
PIRPEZ
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Be Wally McNamee�The Washington Post
The President: "I am confident the American people will exhibit ... the determination and unity ... to see it through."
Text of Johnson's Statement on Crisis
Text of President Johnson's message
to flee American people on the Pueblo
crisis:
My fellow Americans:
Over the past 15 months; the North
Koreans have pursued a stepped-up
campaign of violence against South
Korean and American troops in the
area of the dimilitarized zone.
Armed raider teams in large num-
bers have been sent into South Korea
to engage in sabotage and assassina-
tion.
On Jan, 19, a 31-man team of North
Korean raiders invaded Seoul with the
object of murdering the president of
the Republic of Korea. �
' In many of these aggressive actions,
Korean and American soldiers have
been killed and wounded.
The North Koreans arc apparently
attempting to intimidate the South
Kowans and to interrupt the growing
spirit of confidence and progress in
the Republic of Korea.
These attacks may also be an at-
tempt by the Communists to divert
South Korean and United States mili-
tary resources which together are re-
sisting the aggression in Vietnam.
This week, the North Koreans com-
mitted yet another wanton and ag-
gressive act by seizing an American
ship and its crew in international
waters.
Clearly; this cannot be accepted. We
are doing two things.
First, we are today taking the ques-
tion to the Security Council of the
United Natons. The best result would
he for the whole world community
to persuade North Korea to return
our ship.. aril our men and to stop
the dangerous course of aggression
against South Korea.
We have been making other diplo-
matic efforts as well. We shall continue
to use every means available to find
a prompt and peaceful solution to the
problem.
Second, we have taken and are tak-
ing certain precautionary measures
to make sure that military forces are
prepared for any contingency that
might arise in the area. These actions
do not involve a reduction in any way
of our forces in Vietnam.
I hope that the North Koreans will
recognize the gravity of the situation
which they have created.
I am confident that the American
people will exhibit in this crisis, as
they have in other crises, the deter-
mination end unity which are necessary
to see it through.
11414 37
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� -
Soviets Seem Oblivious
U.S. Envoy Reacts, But Not Kremlin .
By Anatole Shub
Washington Post Foreign Service
MOSCOW, Jan. 26�Once I
again, as in many a historic
crisis, Moscow seems the calm-
est city in the world.
Newspapers report on the
Pueblo affair on inside pages,
giving greater stress to Pre-
mier Kosygin's visit to India,
the B-52 crash in , Greenland,
the 1967 Soviet economic sta-
tistics and the 50th birthday
greetings sent to Rumanian
President Nicolae Ceaucescu.
The papers, and medium.
level Soviet officials encoun-
tered at various diplomatic
receptions, are running half a
day or more b shind events�
and offer little or no indica-
tion that the Soviet Union is
in any way involved in the
crisis. The press did not report
that Kosygin had termed the
Pueblo's activities "piracy" or
that America is seeking Soviet
intercession with Pyongyang.
Same in 1941
To old Moscow hands, all
this seems normal.
One veteran recalled that
the city had only begun to
stir at noon on June 22, 1941,
eight hours after the Nazis
had crossed the Soviet fron-
tiers.
Western diplomats, too, con-
tribute their share to the
"eye of the hurricane" calm.
Newsmen only learned that
'U.S. Ambassador Llewellyn
Thompson was conferring
with Soviet officials today by
accident�en route to a recep-
tion, several reporters noticed
the ambassadorial Lincoln,
with Stars and Stripes flying,
' outside the Foreign Ministry.
The Ambassador later
admitted it was his car but
said nothing else about his
. mission. Still later an informed
source owned up to the fact
that Thompson had been see-
ing "them" indeed, "virtually
every day."
[In Washington it was
learned that Thompson saw
Soviet Foreign Minister
Andrei A. Gromyko today but
got no further than during his
earlier attempt in trying to
persuade the Soviet Union to
press Pyongyang to return the
Pueblo and its crew.]
Back at Work
The Soviet news agency Tass
had disclosed on. Monday that
Thompson had been Kosygin,
and Secretary of State Dean
Rusk had disclosedT.sda
that Thompson had met So-
viet Deputy Minister Vassily
Kuznetsov. But today's talks�
plus anything the Ambassador
may have been doing Wednes-
day and Thursday�remain top
secret so far as Muscovites
are concerned.
Neverthesless, it was ap-
parent, from the light in his
eye as well as his legendary
discretion; that "Tommy is
working again." For some
month s, the Ambassador's
well-wishers here had been
fretting that America's most
skillful and experienced nego-
tiator was being given noth-
ing much to negotiate.
Vietnam probes were being
conducted almost everywhere
else and discussions on the
missile race, proposed by the
United States almost a year
ago, have yet to get off the
ground. It is clear today, how-
ever, that at leak one partic-
ular national resource is very
much back in business.
Other Western diplomats'
!seem agreed that the Pueblo
-incident is not a result of
,Soviet instigation, that it is
presenting the Soviet leaders
with very ticklish decisions,
and that American publicizing
of the effort to obtain Soviet
mediation will not make it
easier for the Russians.
The publicity inevitably giv-
en to the Soviet stand at the
U.N. Security Council is also
considered likely, to 'be un-
welcome to the Kremlin. If
the Soviet leaders , are to ex-
ercise any sort of influence
on the North Koreans, it is
said here, they would doubt-
less prefer to do so in utmost
secrecy�now virtually impos-
sible. Now, the Chinese are
poised and ready, pens in hand,
to denounce anything that re-
motely resembles Soviet-
American "collusion" to "be-
tray" the North Koreans.
Such, at least, is the think-
ing among the relative hand-
ful of Western observers with'
privileged access to outside
news sources � while Moscow
sleeps.
across the border into the
Republic of Korea, apparent
acts in defiance of the United
Nations Command. Envoys
of the 16 nations involved in
the 1950-53 Korean War
were called in collectively
yesterday by the State De-
partment.
� Only after setting up
that international and U.N.
context did the President
come to the Pueblo affair.
When he did he referred to
it as "yet another" wanton
and aggressive act, even
though the Pueblo was out-
side Korean waters accord-
ing to the United States and
thus not a U.N. command
matter.
� In making his first
public comment on the cri-
sis, the President said sim-
ply that the seizure cannot
be accepted." Here he
moved completely away
from the verbal osculation
of the past three days by
Secretary of State Dean
Rusk who had called the
seizure an act of war" and
declared that the only satis-
factory result would be "the
prompt, may I say immedi-
ate, release" of ship and
crew.
The fact Is Administration
officials know in their bones
there is going to be no
"immediate" release of ship
and crew, barring a total
reversal in the lengthy rec-
ord of North Korean hostil-
ity to the United States and
the U.N.
The President thus was
implicitly recognizing that
as a fact and choosing to
build the best possible rec-
ord against the Pyongyang
regime. Some Administra-
U.S. Eases Approach
ToBuild Case for U.N.
By Chalmers M. Roberts
Washington Post Staff Writer
President Johnson's short
and exceedingly softly
worded statement yesterday
on the Pueblo incident, plus
Ambassador Arthur Gold-
berg's presentation at the
United Nations, demonstrate
a clear decision to go the
full diplomatic route before
considering military action.
Furthermore, the two
statements strongly indicate
that the President will want
a United Nations umbrella
over any military move he
might consider.
These implicit decisions
rest on a simple fact: as De-
fense Secretary-designate
Clark M. Clifford told a
Senate committee on Thurs-
day, none of the various
suggestions for military ac-
tion will "get our 83 men
Cod- officials see the Gold-
berg statement as a rare op-
portunity for the United
States to close the credibil-
ity gap with all but these
who totally refuse to listen.
Mr. Johnson rattled no
rockets; he spoke only of
"precautionary measures"
for any possible "contin-
gency."
The combination of the
President's approach allows
private diplomacy an oppor-
tunity. Here the Soviet
Union quite probably will
have the key role, since
Moscow is tied to Pyon-
gyang by a mutual security
treaty.
United Nations debate
means the Soviets will back
fully the North Koreans in
public; what they do in pri-
vate may be�Washington
hopes � something else
News Analysis
back" and that is the chief
aim.
It follows, logically, that
retrieval of the ship, by now
doubtless picked to pieces
by intelligence experts any-
way, is not worth the risk of
war.
Consider, first, that the
President's statement yester-
day afternoon seemed anti-
climactic because it added
nothing to the public record
about the incident or the
President's intentions. In
fact, however, there were
several key points in Mr.
Johnson's handling of the
incident:
� He used five paragraphs
to describe North Korea's
"campaign Of violence"
See VIEW, A10, Col. 5
_
again. But it may take a
good deal of time. The last
two Americans, helicopter
pilots, captured by the
North served a year before
release. The President faces
a similar prospect in the
case of the Pueblo's crew-
men.
Finally, there is the prob-
lem the President faces here
at home in terms of public
outrage at the Pueblo's seiz-
ure. It is noteworthy that
Mr. Johnson said nothing to
inflame public feeling; he
called only for "determina-
tion and unity."
A favorite Johnson ex-
pression for how to act at
a moment of adversity when
none of the alternatives
seems very promising is to
"hunker ' down like a jack-
rabbit in a hailstorm," That
is what he was doing yester-
day.
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that the Pueblo and its crewj
might be released if the Unit-
ed States apologized to North.,
Korea for trespassing. �
Since U.S. statements re-
peatedly have declared that
the Pueblo was captured whilei
in international waters, any:
such apology would represent -
a complete- turn-around.
The Russians in New Delhi'
apparently were referring to
the American Coast Guard's!
seizure of two Soviet fishing
boats off Alaska last March.
ito
U.S. Gets No Hint
Of Suggested Solution I
The Administration indicat-
ed yesterday that its own talks,
with Soviet officials have
brought no hint or suggestion; . _
with 'violating a 12-mile fish-
eries limit which had gone in-
to effect only a week earlier.
Tried on March 25 at the same
court, he too pleaded no con-
test. lie was convicted and
fined $10.000. He stayed in
jail for the two days it took a
Soviet diplomat to come from
Washington with the money.
Then he and his ship were re-
leased.
The diplomat said the cap-
tain, in punishmeqt, would
lose his master's license for
one, year and be required to
The first was taken March
:within the American three-] -
mile territorial limit Its skip-:
per, charged with violating
American territorial waters,
pleaded no contest. He wasi
convicted in a Federal Court]
in Anchorage on March 6,i
fined $5000 and released at,
once to join his ship, which;
had not been held. The Soviet!
Embassy in Washington mailed
a $5000 check for the fine!
within the two-week deadlinei
set by the court.
The second ship was cap-
tured March 22 some five)
miles out, And was towed intoi
port. Ita. captt was. charged]
0
Soviets Hint Interest
In Freeing U.S. Ship
By Bernard D. Nossiter
Washington Post Foreign Service
NEW DELHI, Jan. 26 �lbeen directly in touch with
Russian officials in Premier' North Korea about the seized
Kosygin's entourage indicated American spy ship.
today that the Soviet Union is mi The Russis draw an anal-
interested in freeing the USSI ogy between the incident and
Pueblo despite the negative
signals Moscow has been
transmitting.
Kosygin's aides hinted March. The Russian ship, they,
broadly that there is a gap be- recall, was freed after its cap-:
tween Soviet actions and Mos- tam n paid a fine for violating
.1cow's first response to Ameri-
can requests for help. How-
ever, they would not say
.whether the Russians have
'repay the fine to the Soviet ,
government
"The U.S.S.R. government
respects international law and
agreements signed by the gov-
ernment," the diplomat said,
"and it takes severe measures
against thme masters of our
fishing fleet who violate the
U.S. territorial laws."
I Another Soviet trawler was
boarded last Aug. 4 for intrud-
ing into Alaskan waters, snd
!was taken into port. The So-
!via government paid a $20,-
000 out-of-court settlement.
Enterprise Reported
In S. Korea Port
SEOUL, Jan. 26 (UPI) � A
reported published tonight by
the newspaper Hankook Ilbo
said the 'U.S. carrier Enter-
prise, last reported off North
Korea, had changed course
and entered the South Korean
port of Pohang, about 170
miles southeast of Seoul. The
newspaper quoted South Kor-
ean military sources.
There was no confirmation
ported that additional U.S.
submarines had been assigned
to waters off Koera.
A report by the South
Korean Central Intelligence
Agency said the U.S. embassy
and the American Ambas-
sador's residence had been
among the original targets of
the Communist infiltrators -
Sunday, but the plan was re-
vised shortly before the attack
one involving a Soviet fishing
ship picked up by the United
States in-Alaskan waters last!
American waters.
Thus, the Russians appear
to be saying that if the United I
States acknowledges that thel
Peublo was in North Korea's(
waters it will be released.
Premier Kosygin, who is on:
the second day of a week's,
visit to India, is staying inj
close touch with his capital.'
He has available two open
telephones and teleprinters to
Moscow from the Ashoka
Hotel, where most of his party
is staying, and from his em-
bassy.
Last night in a brief speech,1
he appeared to.' be taking a
tough line on the crisis, de-
nouncing "international piracy"
�
by "imperialist states."
The Soviet leader and Presil
dent Tito of Yugoslavia, an-
other visitor here, were due to
meet privately together with
Prime Ministei Indira Gandhi
for the first time tonight. The
Pueblo affair was said to be
one of the topics for discus-
sion.
The trio were together in
public this morning but could
transact no business. They
watched India's gaudy Re-
public Day parade. Kosygin
and Tito were frequently ob-
served conducting animated
chats. Both Communist lead-
ers looked poker-faced at the
indifferent marching of Indian.
troops, but they beamed with;
delight at the gaily decoratedl
elephants in the parade.
Tito and Kosygin 'sipped tea
together at a garden party
given by India's President,
Zakir Husain, this afternoon.
But the Milling snob surging
forward to greet then't- Made
serious talk impossible.
q74iv
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�
S. Koreans Are Nervous;
U.N. Action
Discounted
In Seoul
By Richard Halloran
Wash'net= Post Foreign Service
SEOUL, Jan. 26 � South
Korean officials today ex-
pressed mild approval of U.S.
military deployment for possi-
ble action against North
Korea, but they were dubious
that taking the crisis to the
United Nations would accom-
plish anything.
A government spokesman
said that President Johnson
has shown "firm determina-
tion" to stop "aggressive acts
of provocation." He called on
North Koreans "to repent of
the crimes they have already
committed" and return the
captured USS Pueblo and its
crew before North Korea is
dealt "strong reprisals."
The U.S. military moves 4n-
dude stationing the aircraft
carrier Enterprise within
striking distance of North
Korea, moving two fighter
squadrons from Okinawa to
Korea, and calling up some
U.S. reserves. South Korea re-
portedly is also considering a _
reserves callup.
On the American decision to:
take the conflict to the Secu-i
rity Council, one Korean offi-
cial said, "All they do is sit '
around and talk." Others
noted that North Korea has
never recognized the compe-
tence of the United Nations to
deal with any Korean prob-
lems.
Diplomatic Moves .
Foreign Minister Choe Kyu'
Ha today called in all ambas-
sadors, including the French
dean of the diplomatic corps,
to discuss Sunday's attempted
assassination of President
Park Chung Hee.
Cboe also instructed the
South Korean U.N. observer,
Kim Young Shik, to deliver a
letter to Secretary General U
Thant setting forth the South
Korean case.
The South Korean govern-
ment and people are still nerv-
ous about.. what the United
States will do if the diplo-
matic approach fails, as they
expect. Two reports that the
United States had advised
Seoul of American readiness
to strike North Korea if diplo-
macy does not succeed were
firmly denied by both U.S.
and South Korean officials.
In a sidelight, there was a ,
flurry of excitement when a
Korean newsman noticed an
American selling furniture in
preparation for leaving Seoul.
Although this is an everyday
occurrence here, the Koreans
read it as a sign of pullout if
there is a war.
_
United Press Inteinattonal
Ambassador Goldberg uses a map in stating the U.S. view in the Pueblo crisis.
No Panic
-Seoul generally was calm.
The nighttime curfew has
been moved back to the usual
midnight deadline although se-
curity precautions after mid-
night are extremely strict.
Nervous guards with fingers
on rifle triggers stopped one
vehicle six times last night in
less than two miles.
But this morning the skat-
ing pond in front of the Dult.
Soo Palace in the center of
Seoul was full of children bun-
dled in bright sweaters against
Korea's clear but bitter cold
winter. Night life is reviving
in this usually funloving city.
On the military front, an-
other American soldier was
killed this � morning near the
Demilitarized Zone in a fire-
fight with North Koreans. U.S.
and South Korean troops con-
tinued to round up remnantS
of the 31-man team that tried
to kill President Park. They
have killed 24 and captured
one since Sunday.�
North Korea reportedly has i
put its entire military force
into full mobilization but has -
not yet mobilized its 1.2 mil-
lion militiamen. Korean mili-
tary sources reported that
North Korean Migs flew about
40 sorties' near the DMZ
today.
This Crisis has led to some'
political cohesion between the
governing and opposition par-
ties, at odds since last spring's
election in which both admit-
ted to irregularities.
Government and opposition
leaders have been meeting,
the government is briefing the I
opposition on the situation,'
and a joint inspection team,
visited anti-infiltration opera-
tions headquarters and troops;
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U.S. Insists
Ship Was on
High Seas
By Robert H. Estabrook
Washington Poet Foreign service
UNITED NATIONS,
N.Y., Jan. 26�The United
States appealed grimly to
the Security Council today
to help obtain return of the
captured naval vessel Pue-
blo and its crew lest con-
tinued international inac-
tion "be an invitation to
catastrophe.".
Using maps to demonstrate
the position o: the Pueblo,
U.S. Ambassador Arthur J.
Goldberg cited monitored
North Korean as well as
American broadcasts which he
said proved that the ship had
not been in North Korean ter-
ritorial waters and was not
when North Korean naval
units boarded it Tuesday.
The Pueblo was at least 15-
nautical miles from any North
Korean territory at the time
- of the incident, Goldberg indi-
'rated, and had standing in-
structions to stay at least 13
nautical miles offshore. North
Korea claims territorial waters
to a 12-mile limit
No Hat Pursuit
"I want to lay to rest�com-
pletely to rest�some intima-
�tions.that the Pueblo had in-
truded upon the territorial
wawters and was sailing away
from territorial waters and that
the Nirth Korean units were in
1.. ht pursuit,� Goldberg assert-
led.
"This is not the case at all,"
he added, referring to a map
Ito show that the Pueblo had
approached from the south-
east.
Delegates sad the tense atmo
'sphere in the Security Council
was similar to that during the
Cuban missile crisis, when the
United States produced photo-
graphs to demonstrate the dan-
ger to members.
Soviets Blame U.S.
But the Soviet Union
showed no sign here of serious
concern. After criticizing the
U.S. request to have the mat-
ter considered urgently and
voting against adoption of the
agenda, Ambassador Platon D.
Morozo7 blamed the United
States for all the tension over
Korea.
The United States, he said,
is motivated by a "war psy-
chosis."
Goldberg anticipated criti-
cisms that the Pueblo was a
spy ship by asserting that So- "
viet communications monitor-
ing ships are engaging in the
same activities and sail much
closer to foreign shores.
One such Soviet ship right
now is to be found in the Sea
of Japan, and currently is not
far from South Korean
shores," he declared.
Cites Terrorism
In addition to presenting
the urgent complaint about
the Pueblo, Goldberg cited a
new report by the United Na-
tions -command In South
Korea noting a substantial in-
crease in instances of terror-
ism and sabotage perpetrated
by North Korea.
During 1967 there were 566
such incidents in wIckli 153
�
NATIONS�From Page Al
Ship Appeal Taken to U .N .
.persons were killed. The inci- the 12-mile limit, and that the procedural motion to adopt
.dents culminated this week in North Koreans knew this." the agenda. Several other
an attmept by 31 specially' The seizure of the ship and ddelegations which voted for
trained agents to assassinate, crew, he said, is "an act which wa eor ep t notion cmo Idle ict ti eeard t dt hsadtp tphoeryt
no member of the Unt Na- any particualr action.
torts could tolerate."
But none of this impressed
President Park Chung ties of
South Korea.
The United States re-, Morozov, who waved aside the
quested the Security Coun-
Istatistios and repeated North
cil meeting, Goldberg said at Korean claims that the Pile
had come within 7.6 nautical
miles of the shore. He referred
to a confession allegedly-
broadcast by the Puehln'n oar,-
tain, Cmdr. Lloyd M. Bucher.
Goldberg Angered
of This infuriated Goldberg.
roan armistice agreements
Referring to the "so-called
1953 and of the United Na-
tions Charter and of interna-
tional law." -
The United States has
stated its desire to settle
the matter promptly and
peacefully "and if at all pos-
sible by diplomatic means,"
he continued.
"The existing situation can-
not be allowed to stand. It
must be corrected and the
Council must face up to its
responsibility to see it cor-
rected. This course is far
more preferable to other rem-
edies which the Charter re-
serves to member states."
The last sentence was a
possible reference to uni-
lateral military action by-the.
United States under article
51 of the Charter covering
the right of self-defense.
Goldberg referred to a
broadcast by the Pueblo at
noon last Tuesday, the time of
the incident, saying it was
stopped dead at a position 25
nautical miles from the North
Korean port of Wonsan, 16.3
from the nearest point of the
mainland and 15.3 from the
nearest North Korean island.
.An intercepted broadcast
from North Korean sub chaser
35, which accosted the Pueblo,
cited a position a mile farther
offshore, he asserted.
He also cited broadcasts or-
dering North Korean vessels
to make the Pueblo_their tan,
get. Four surrounde
Pueblo and ordered it to
heave to or face fire. -
Intrusion Denied
' The North Koreans knew
that the Pueblo was lightly
armed and "in no position to
engage in a hostile, warlike
act," Goldberg continued. One
North Korean broadcast even
referred to the veagel,a
armed, he said.
The Pueblo had come from
the southeast, Goldberg said,
referring to a map to show its
course. He added:
"It is incontrovertible from
this type of evidence, which Is.
physical evidence .gf,
national Morse Code signals
and voice reports, that the
Pueblo when first approached
and when seized was in inter.
national waters, well beyond:
the outset, "to consider the
grave threat. to peace which
the authorities of North Ko-
rea have brought about by
their increasingly dangerous
and aggressive military ac-
tions in violation of the En-
confession" in reply, he�gIra
he recognized "the Soviet ex-
perience in coerced and fabri-
cated confessions." - �
Morozov, however, reVe.7176
to his insistence that U.S.
forces in South Korea � the
remnants of the United Na-
tions Command which repelled
a North Korean invasion in
1950�are the cause of all the
trouble. This is a line which �
the Soviet Union tried .haM.
to press in the General As-
sembly last fall.
Another Communist dele-
gate said that Morozov had
had no instructions from Mos-
cow as of noon today and that
he would engage in a holding
operation.
Ironically, Morozov was fill-
ing in for the newly designat
Soviet permanent rep enta-
tive to the United Nations,
Deputy Foreign Minister Ja-
kob Malik. A walkouL...11Y
Malik from the Security Coun-
cil in the spring of 1950 en-
abled the Council to escape
a Soviet veto in setting up _a
unified command in the'-
rean war with the U.S. as its
agent.
What the United States can
expect to gain from the_Jks:
cussion in the Security Coun-
cil other than to dramatize
the incident and bring diplo-
matic pressure on North Korea
remains unclear.
Council President Ag'ha
Shahi of Pakistan set another
Council meeting for 19:30 a.m.
Saturday, but no one betteval
that any resolution to con-
demn North Korea could sur-
vive a Soviet veto. Even a
resolution urging -releasef
the Pueblo and its crew an
respect for the 1953 armistice
might encounter a veto. The
United States has proposed
no resolution so far:-
But Canadian Ambassador
George Ignatieff suggested
the dispatch of a special U.N.
representative to exercrarggid
offices in the Korean situa-
tion. The Council should lose
no time "in bringing the heal-,
tog touch of diplonto
hear," he said.
In preliminary sparring to-
day the Soviet Union, Hungary
and Algeria voted against the
WAN 1
UbRn.1)n)
Psftic,
See NATIONS, All, Cot 'z
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PUEBLO CAPTIVES�North Kocra last night quoted the USS photograph of Bucher "writing his confession of espionage activity"
Pueblo skipper, Cmdr. Lloyd Bucher, as saying he and his men (left). His wife said it resembled him but she could not be sure.
were in good health. Previously North Korea had distributed a North Korea also distributed a photograph allegedly showing WO-
- .
AP NVIrephOtos
cers and their men after their capture (right), but did not say where
the picture was taken. The Pyongyang regime also broadcast the
text of an alleged interview with Bucher. Story on Page A14._
:ZcS'
-7AM
,402.1.1,447
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're Uniled State.; has re-
quested this meeting, as 1
stated in. toy letter lo you,
to consider the grave threat
to peace which the authori-
ties of. North Korea have
brought about by their in-
creasingly dangerous and
aggressive military actions
in violation of the Korean
armistice agreement of 1953,
of the United Nations Char,
ter, and of international law.
We have asked that the
Council be convened at an
hour when peace is in seri-
ous and imminent danger
action � is required to avert
�when firm and forthwith
that danger and preserve
peace.
A virtually unarmed ves-
sel of the United Stales
Navy, sailing on the high
seas, has been wantonly and
lawlessly seized by armed
North Korean patrol boats.
and her crew forcibly di--
tained. This warlike action
carries a danger to peace
which should be obvious to
all.
A party of armed raiders,
Infiltrated from North Ko-
rea, has been intercepted in
the act of invading the
South Korean capital city of
Seoul with the admitted as-
signment of assassinating
the president of the Repub-
lic of Korea. This event
marks the climax of a cam-
paign by the North Korem
authorities, over the past Id
months, of steadily growing
infiltration, sabotage and
terrorism in flagrant viola-
tion of the Korean armistice
agreement.
Parallel Actions
Mr. President, these two
lines of action are manifest-
ly parallel. Both stem from
North Korea. Both are com-
pletely unwarranted and un-
justified. Both are aimed
against peace and security
in Korea. Both -violate thc
United Nations Charter, sol-
emn international ag re e-
ments, and time-honored in-
ternational law. And both
pose a grave threat to peace
in a country whose long
search for peace and reunifi-
cation in freedom has been
an historic concern to the
. United Nations and of any
country.
We bring these grave de-
velopments to the attention
of the Security Council in
the sincere hope that t h e
Council will act promptly to
l'emove the danger to inter-
national peace and security.
For Mr. President, it must
be removed and without de-
lay. And it will be removed
only if action is taken forth-
with to secure the release '
of the USS Pueblo and its
83-man crew and to bring to
an end the pattern of armed
transgressions by North
Korea against the Republic
of Korea. My government
has stated at the highest
level our earnest desire to
settle this matter promptly
and peacefully and, it at ail
possible, by diplomat ic
means.
It is testimony to this de-
sire that infidelity to the
charter my government has
-brought this matter to the
Security Council which has
the primary responsibility
for the maintenance of in-
ternational peace and secur-
iiy. and which, ogothor with
other organs of the United
Nations, has a special, an
historic concern Inc peace
and security in Korea.
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�
Responsibility
It is imperative, therefore,
that the Security Council
act with the greatest urgen-
cy and decisiveness. The ex-
isting situation cannot be al-
lowed to stand. It must be
corrected and the Council
must face up to its respon-
sibility to see it corrected.
This course is far more pre-
ferable to other remedies
which the cicis.rter rests:Ix-a
to member states.
Let' one' flow turn to the
!acts concerning these two
aspect:: of No-lb Korean
aggressive conduct on which
the C:ouncirs action is ur-
� gently required.
Al 12 noon on January 23,
Korean time, the United.
Stares Ship Pueblo manned,
' by a crew of six officers, 75
enlisted men, and two civil-
'tans, and sailing in inter
national waters off the
North Korean coast, was
.cortfronted by a heavily
armed North Korean patrol
heat identified as submarine
chawr Number 33.
� The strict instructions
under which the Pueblo was
operating required it to stay
at least 13 nautical miles
from. the North Korean
coast. While my country ad-
heres to the three-mile rule
of international law con-
cerning territorial waters,
nevertheless the ship was
under orders whose effect
was to stay well clear of the
12- mile limit which the
North Korean authorities
have by long practice fol-
lowed.
The USS Pueblo reported
this encounter and its loca-
tion at the time in the fol-
lowing words�and I wish to
quote exactly what was re-
ported by radio at the time
of the encounter � "USS
Pueblo encountered one
SO-1 class North 'Korean
patrol craft at . 0300"�that
is at 12 noon Korean time�
and then, I am repeating its
broadcast�"position 39-25.2
NL 127-55.0 EL DIW." I
might explain that DIW
means "dead in water," the
,stanArd termtnology mean-
AV.thal all engines are
at aped and the vessel was
;stlitahlarY.
Approved for Release
: 2018/08/22 C06638269
. lf1ie',i11-ap
t; Now,- With e,,,,,s�
k
rn, Mr. Presi � i it. I :Mould
ike.' to refer -to this matt
provided for the convenience .
of the Council and show the
exact location of the Pueblo
as given in these coordi-
nates. If the members of tht
Council will look at the map,
you will see a Number 3
blue. Number 3 blue is ap-
proximately 25 nautical
miles from the port of Won-
san. It is 16.3 nautical miles
iron) the nearest point of
the North Korean mainland
en the peninsula of Hod�.
Pando, and 15.3 nautical
miles from the island of
Ung-do.
Now, at exactly the same
time, the North Korean sub-
marine chaser Number 35
which intercepted the Pueb-
lo reported its own location
in the Number 3 red�and
this is a report now from
the North Korean submarine
chase]. Number 35 monitored
by us�and that location was
19 degrees 25 minutes north
� latitude and 127 degrees 56
minutes east longitude. You
will note the positions. In
other words, these two re-
ported positions are within
a mile of one another and
show conclusively that ac-
cording to the North Korean
Amor', as well as cur own,
Mat the Pueblo was in inter-
national waters.
Oral Message
The report of its location
liy the North Korean craft,
inade by international morse
code, was followed ten min-
utes later by the following
oral message from the North
Korean craft to its base, '
and I quote it: "We have
approached the target here,
the name of the target is
GEE 1-2."
Now, we talk about the
Pueblo and that is the name
by which the ship is, of
course, known. But the tech-
nical name for this ship is
GEE 2 and this name was
painted on the side of the
ship.
The. message continued,
and I again quote-the Korean
radio message in Korean
words: "Get it? GEE 1-2:
did you get it? So our con-
trol target is GEE 1-2. 1 will
send it again. Our control
target is GEE 1-2."
Inasmuch as the location
of the Pueblo is of course a
matter of vital importance,
it is important to the Coun-
cil to know that the informa-
tion available to the United
States as reported by our
a easel to our authorities and
to the North Korean author-
ities as reported by its ves-
sel and transmitted by its
� own ship was virtually iden-
tical, with only this small
margin of difference. And,
interestingly enoug h, the
North Korean ship reported
the Pueblo to be about a
mile farther away from the
shoreline than the United
States fix of its position. So
you see, the North Korean
broadcast, monitored, was
reporting what I have stated
to this Council.
Mr. President, we have
numerous other reports dur-
ing this encounter consistent
With the location I have de-
scribed. A n d information
other than coordinates cor-
roborative of what I have
said IS by voice monitor. In-
formation on rordinates,
as I said, was by internatiOn-
el mors,. ende.
: 2018/08/22 C06638269
'Heave To'
The North Korean patrol
boat, having made its ap-
proach, used international
flag signals to request the
Pueblo's nationality. The
Pueblo, replying with the
same signal system, identi-
fied herself as a United
States vessel. The North
Korean vessel then sign-
alled: "Heave to or I will
open fire on you." The Pue-
blo replied: "I am in inter-
national waters."
The reply was not chal-
lenged by the North Korean
vessel, which under interna-
tional law, if there had
been an intrusion�which
there was not�should have
escorted the vessel from the
area in which it was. How-
ever, that vessel then pro-
ceeded for approximately an
hour m circle the Pueblo,
which maintained its course
and kept its distance from
the shore. At that point
three additional North Ko-
rean armed vessels appeared,
one of which ordered the
Pueblo: "F olio w in my
wake." As -this order was is-
sued, the four North Korean
vessels closed in on the '
Pueblo and surrounded it.
At the same time two Migt
aircraft appeared overhead
and circled the Pueblo. The
Pueblo attempted peacefully
to withdraw from this encir-
clement but was forcibly
� Prevented from doing so and
brought to a dead stop. It
was then seized by an armed �
boarding party and forced
into the North Korean port
of Wonsan.
Now, reports from the
North Korean naval vessels
no their location and on
their seizure of the Pueblo
at this point show that the
Pueblo was constantly in in-
ternational waters.
At 1:50 p.m. Korean time,
within a few minutes of the
reported boarding of the
Pueblo, North Korean ves-
sels reported their position
at 39-26 NL 128-02 EL or
about 21.3 miles from the .
nearest North Korean land.
This is the point on the map
here. And we would-be very
glad. Mr. President, to make
this map di ailable for the
rncorcis nf t h e Sceuhty
Council.
.211)
Denies Intrusion
Now. Mr. President. I
want In lay to rest�com-
pletely to rest�some intima-
tions that the Pueblo had in-
truded upon the territorial
waters and was sailing away
from territorial waters and
that the North Korean ships
were in hot pursuit: This is
not the case at all and I
shall demonstrate it by this
map.
Now, we will show by
limes and the course of the
vessel exactly what occurred
and you will see from this
that the location of the Pueb-
lo was constantly far away
from Korean shores, always
away from the 12-mile limit
until it was taken into Won-
san by the North Korean
vessels. The locations of the
Pueblo are shown on the
blue line and the location of
the SO-I 035, the first North
Korean vessel, on the red
Now, the Pueblo, far from
having sailed from inside
territorial waters to outside
territorial waters, was cruis,
ins in an area�in this area
�and this will he demon-
strated by the time sequence
�and when I say, "this
� area," I mean the area that
is east and south of any ap-
proach to the 12-mile limit.
� At 0830 Korean local time,
the Pueblo was at the loca-
tion I now point to on the
map. It had come to that
point from the southeast,
not from anywhere in this
vicinity. And that is point
one on the map so that our
record will be complete.
Point two on the map shows
the position of the North
Korean submarine chaser
number 35 as reported by
her at 10:55, and you will
see that she is close to�the
North Korean vessel, not
the Pueblo � the 12-mile
limit
Point number three is the
� position reported by the
Pueblo at 12 o'clock noon
and you will see that she is
a considerable distance from
the 12-mile limit, which ii
the dotted line.
Red point number three is
the position reported by the
North Korean submarine
chaser number 35 at 12
o'clock noon, when it signal-
led the Pueblo to stop. In
other words, this is the po-
sition of the North Korean
vessel, this is the position of
the Pueblo; and the position
of the North Korean vessel
that I point, to, the red line,
.the position audibly by the
North Korean vessel. There
In very little difference in
these two reports.
Mitt number four is the
position reported by the
North Korean vessel at.
13:50, 1:50 p.m., when she re-
ported boarding the Pueblo.
And you will recall that I
just told the Council that
the Pueblo, seeking to
escape the encirclement,
did not move in the direc-
tion which would have trans-
gressed the 12-mile limit.
Now, all of this is verified
not by reports solely from
the Pueblo; all of this is
verified by reports from the
North Korean vessels which
were monitore." and I think
it is a very clear picture of
exactly what transpired.
Here, too, Mr. President,
with your permission, we
will make this available.
Approved for Release:
North illieans' Intent
Mr. 11111Fident, it is ineon-
trovertible from this type of
evidence, which is physical .
evidence of International
Morse Code signals and
voice reports, that the Pueb- �
lo when first approached
and when seized, was inter-
national waters, well beyond
the 12-mile limit; and that
the North Koreans knew
this.
Further compounding this
offense against internation-
al law, and the gravity of
this warlike act, is the fact
that the North Koreans
clearly intended to capture
the Pueblo, knowing that it
was in international waters,
and force it to sail into the
port of Wonsan. This aim is
made clear by messages ex-
changed among the North
Korean vessels themselves
which we. monitored, includ-
ing the following: "By talk-
ing this way, it will be
enough to understand ac-
cording to present instruc-
tions we will close down the
radio, tie up the personnel,
tow it and enter port at
Wonsan. At present we are
on our way to boarding. We
are coming in." This is an
EACT voice broadcast from
the ship which acknowledges
the instructions that it was
following.
Now, Mr. President, in
light of this, this was no
mere incident, no ease of
mistaken identity, no case
of mistaken location. It was
nothing less than a deliber-
ate, premeditated, armed at-
tack on a United States nav-
al vessel on the high seas,
an attack whose gravity is
underlined by these simple
facts which I should now
like to sum up.
The location of the Pueblo
in international waters was
fully known to the North
Korean authorities since the
broadcasts were not only be-
tween its own ships but
were directed to its shore
installations.
The Pueblo was so lightly
armed that the North Kor-
eans in one of the converse-
-. lions which we have moni-
tored even reported it as un-
armed.
The Pueblo was therefore
in no position to engage in
� a hostile, warlike act towards
the territory or vessels of
North Korea; and the North
Koreans knew this.
NeVerthesless, the Pueblo,
clearly on the high seas, was
forcibly stopped, boarded
and seized by North Korean
armed vessels. This is a
knowing and willful aggres-
sive act�part of a deliberate
series of actions in contra-
vention of international law
and of solemn international �
arrangements designed to
keep peace in the area,
which apply not only to land
forces but to naval forces as
well. It is an action which �
no member of the United
Nations could tolerate.
I might- add, in light of
the comments of the distin-
guished Soviet representa-
tive on the adoption of the
agenda, that Soviet ships
engaged in exactly the same
activities as the Pueblo sail
much closer to the Shores of
other states. And one such
� Soviet ship right now is to
be found in the Sea of Ja-
pan, and currently is not
far from South Korean
Shores.
2018/08/22 C06638269
Turn-s- to-1-n-filtratiab .
I turn now to t1W,Iln.).
grave caleitory of aggressite
actions taken by the Nort!i
;Korean authorities: Their
systematic campaign of in-
filtration, sabotage and ter-
rorism across the armistice
demarcation line, in gross
violation of the armistice
agreement�not only in the
vicinity of the Demilitarized
Zone but also in many eases
deep in the territory of the
Republic of Korea � cul-
minating in the recent raid
against the capital city of
Seoul, the Presidential Pal-
ace and the person of the
President of the Republic.
The gravity of this cam-
paign has already been made
known to the Security Coun-
cil. Last Nov.2 I conveyed
to the Council a report front
the United Nations Com-
mand in Korea, summing tip
the evidence of a drastic in-
crease in violations by
North Korea of the Korean
armistice agreement and
subsequent agreement per-
taming thcrto. This report,
Security Council Document
S/8217 noted that the number
of incidents involving arm-
ed infiltrators from North
Korea had increased from
50 in 1966 to 543 in the first
ten months of 1967; and that
the number of soldiers and
civilians killed by these in-
filtrators had increased
frome 35 in 1966 to 144 in
the same, period of 1967.
The further report of the
United Nations Command
for the whole year 1967,
filed today, shows a :Mai of
566 incidents for 1967 and
a total of 153 individuals
killed by the North Korean
infiltrators, The United Na-
tions Command in its report
has further pointed out
that, although North Korea
had refused all requests by
the United Nations Corn-
mandin for investigation of
these incidents by joint ob-
server teams pursuant to
the armistice agreement,
the evidence that the at-
tacks had been mounted
Irons North Korea is incon-
testable. This eveidence is
subject to verification by
these reports, which are on
file with the Security Coun-
cil.
The terrorist campaign,
Mr.- President, has now
reached a new level of out-
rage. Last Sunday, Jan. 21,
security forces of the Re-
public of Korea made con-
tact with a group of some
30 armed North Koreans
near the Presidential Palace
in Seoul. In a series of en-
gagements, both in Seoul
and between Seoul and the
Demilitarized Zone, lasting
through .ban. 24, about half
or this. group were killed
and two captured. It has
now been ascertained that
the infiltration team totaled
31 agents, all with the rank
of lieutenant or higher, dis-
- patched from the 124th
' North Korean Army unit;
that these agents had re-
ceived two years' training
including two weeks of
training for the present mis-
sion, in special: camps es-
tablished in North Korea '
for this purpose; and that
their assigned mission in-
cluded the assassination of
the president of the Repub.
lie Of Korea.
T." add, .7\f r.17F-resi-
dent, that the North. Kbrean
authorities make no secret
of the political stratc:_ly and
motivation behind these at-
tacks.. Their daily propa-
ganda vilifies the govern-
ment of the Republic of
Korea and denies its very
right to exist. Yet, Mr. Pres-
ident, this same government
of the Republic of Korea is
recognized by 77 zovern-
ments, is a member of nu-
merous specialized agencies
of the United Nations and
enjoys observer status at
the United Nations Head-
quarters.
Increase in Tempo Seen
Mr. President, it is obvious
-that this long series of at-
tacks by North Korean infil-
trators across the Demilitar-
ized Zone � and by other
groups of North. Korean
armed personnel , which,
traveled by sea, have pene-
trated into even the south-
ern portions of South Korea
� has steadily increased in
its tempo and its. scope �
until it threatens to under-
mine the whole structure of
the armistice regime, under
which peace has been pre-
served in a divided Korea
for 14 years.
In the interest of intern-
Donal peace and security.
this deterioration cannot he
allowed to continue. It must
be reversed promptly. The
armistice agreements must
be restored to their full
vigor, and the weight of the
influence of the Security
Council must he exerted to
this vitally important end.
Mr. President, these are
the facts of the threat to
peace created by North
Korea's aggressive actions
on sea and land. With all
earnestness I ask the Serur-
ity Council to act firmly and
swiftly to rectify this dan-
gerous situation and elimin-
ate this threat to peace.
Despite the most Serious '
provocation � a provocat inn
which every nation would
recognize as serious and
dangerous�my government
is exercising great restraint
in this matter. We seek to
give the processes of peace-
ful action all possible scope.
We believe those Processes
, can work swiftly and effec-
tively, if the international
community �including the
members of this Council,
individually and collectively,
so will it.
But, Mr. President, these
peaceful processes must
wan. Titc present situation
is not acceptable and it can- I
not be left to drift. This
great and potent organiza-
tion of peace must not let
the cause of peace in Korea
be lost by default to the
high-handed tactics of a law-
less regime. Such a course
would be an invitation to
catastrophe.
Therefore, let the Security
Council, wills its great influ-
ence, promptly anti effec-
tively help to secure forth-
with the safe return of the
Pueblo and her crew, and
to restore to full vigor anti
effectiveness the Korean
armistice agreement.
Fellow members of the
Security Council, we have a
clear and urgent responsibil-
ity under the Charter to
help keep thc peeve. I trust
Vie Council will discharge
tinis responsibility,
�
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�Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269
�
A SOVIET TRAWLER
'MAILS ENTERPRISE
Intelligence Ship Sailing in
Midst of Carrier's Task '
Force Off South Korea
By United Press International
� WASHINGTON, Jan. 26�De-
fense Department officials said
tonight that a Soviet intelli-
gence-gathering vessel was
shadowing the nuclear aircraft
carrier Enterprise off the coast
of South Korea.
The Soviet vessel, identified
as the Gidrolog, was said to be
sailing in the midst of the En-
terprise's task force, which in-
cludes a guided-missile ship
and several destroyers.
� The trawler is on essentially
the same sort of mission as
the Pueblo was engaged in
when she was seized by the
North Koreans on Tuesday, the
officials said.
The Enterprise was sent to
the Sea of Japan off Korea in
a show of force in response to
the seizing of the Pueblo and
the 83 men on board.
Another Soviet Ship in Area
, The United States is doing
nothing about the trawler's
presence, the officials said, be-
cause she is in international
waters. In the past, the United
States has largely ignored the
activity of such trawlers,. even
when they got inside United
States ship formations during
maneuvers.
The officials cited the traw-
ler as an example of how com-
monplace such seaborne es-
pionage was. [The Pentagon
declined comment on the report
that a Soviet ship was trailing
the Enterprise, Reuters re-
ported.]
Meanwhile, at the United
Nations, Arthur J. Goldberg,
ithe United States delegate,
lcharged that another Soviet
;intelligence ship "right now is
to be found in the Sea of
1Japan, not far from South Ko-
rean shores."
The officials said the seizure
of the Pueblo was not t;ua tc
error in judgment on the par
of the skipper, ComJr. Loy,'
'J. Bucher.
They said the ec^' .�� c
United f'.-t'n m""-.7 � (^:".
.rnifReis- nOrtb- to' ther
Pueblo's aid was not because
of a lack of American military
strength in the area.
Rather they cited four facts:
qAmerican military officials
in the area were not immed-
iately sure of just what had
occurred, whether the incident
was a deliberate act by the
North Koreans, a mistake or
the unauthorized act of a local
commander.
qThe weather was bad for
dispatching aircraft to the area.
There were snow flurries and a
relatively low ceiling.
.q0nly three to four hours of
daylight were left at the time
Commander Bucher radioed his
first request for assistance. He
did this when his ship was ac-
tually boarded, the officials
said, an hour and. 45 minutes
after first being confronted by
North Korean forces.
(Military commanders had to
assume the attack might. have
been, planned' and in that case,
the North .Koreans would also
have planned to have reinforce-
ments available. .
Because of these factors, the
Defense officials said, the com-
manders in the Pacific area
decided against immediately
dispatching aircraft to the
scene.
The officials said American
intelligence - gathering ships
such as the Pueblo, were corn
'monly followed or harassed by
;ships of Communist nations.
I They said that, if the United
.States wanted to, it could pick
.up "15 to 20" Soviet intelli-
gence trawlers that operate off
the American coast.
Confession Called 'Phony'
BOYSTOWN, Neb., Satur-
day�lan. 27, (UPD�The head
of Boys Town yesterday com-
pared the handwriting of
Commander Lloyd Bucher
with a copy of the "confes-
sion" North Korea asserts he
wrote and called the "con-
fession" a "lousy, phony
thing." The document was
transmitted by press agen-
ciese.
Msgr. Nicholas H. Wegner,
director of Boys Town, ex-
amined the records and let-
ters of the commander, who
had studied there.
"This is not iiis hand- ,
writing- at all," Monsignor ;
Wegner said.
�
:U.S. Again Requests
_ted States and North Koji
� Soviet Intercession rea. A few hours later, another
By RAYMOND It ANDERSON
Special to The New York Theo
MOSCOW, Jan. 26 �
Llewellyn E. Thompson, the
United States Ambassador,
made another trip today to the
,Soviet Foreign Ministry to seek
ISoviet intercession in the crisis,
over North Korea's seizure ofi
the American intelligence ship!
Pueblo.
The visit came amid indica-1
tions that the Soviet Govern-
ment had not yet made a
final decision whether to ap-
proach the North Korean Gov-
ernment. Moscow rebuffed the
first request by Washington for
assistance.
Early today, an official of
the Soviet Foreign Ministry
declared at a diplomatic recep-
Ition that Moscow would never
consent to act as a mediator
in the dispute between the
official was reported to have
challenged this statement.
By the end of the day, the
Foreign Ministry's press de-
partment limited its comment
on the affair to a remark that
it did not know what the So-
viet Government planned to do.
It is � not 'clear here
how much influence Moscow
would be able to assert in
North Korea even if it should
desire to intervene. The North
Koreans have proclaimed a pol-
icy of independent Commu-
nism, shunning the guidance
both of the Russians and their
Chinese rivals.
President Johnson's call-up
yesterday of 14,787 Air Force
and Navy reservists to active
duty is assumed to have given
the Soviet leadership cause for
serious examinatiorrof the pos-
gibilities of involvement in a
new conflict in Korea.
The Soviet Union is bound by
a defense treaty signed in 1961
to give military assistance
"with all forces and by every
ft'IN) 'I �17rv") ES
4'
Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269
I
means" if North Korea shOilid7
.:ome under threat of attack:
The Soviet press has not yeti
mentioned Washington's over,
lures- to Moscow for interces-
iion with North Korea. It is be-
ieved that the publicity given
io the United States' ap-
proaches is embarrassing to the
Russians on the 'ground that it
makes them vulnerable to Chi-
nese Communist accusations of
collaboration with the "imperi-
alists."
Newspaper accounts of the
Pueblo incident depict the Unit-
ed States as the villain.
Izvestia, the Soviet Govern-
ment newspaper, asserted to-
night that President Johnson
was using the Pueblo incident,
as a pretext to call up military.
reserves for the Vietnam war..
In a dispatch from Washing-
ton headlined "They Are Stir-1
ring Up Hysteria," the news-
paper declared:
"It is well known that, for al
long time, Johnson has been
faced with the temptation to
call up reserves. The Pentagon
has been having trouble finding
the new tens of thousands of
soldiers to send to the jungles.
"The generals have been
pressing the President for a
long time to take this step, but
he was reluctant because of the
obvious political unpopularity
of the call up of reserves.-
"The incident with the Pueblo'
!Ave the White House a good
ustification."
Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269
�
'SENATORS ASSAIL
POLICY ON PUEBLO
ar.widt Charges 'Bungling'.�
Rusk Is Sad to Promise
Review of Spy Ship Use
By JOHN W. FINNEY
Special to The New Took Thews
WASHINGTON, Jan. 26 �
The Administration ran into
criticism and charges of "bung-
ling" today in the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee
for permitting the intelligence
ship Pueblo to operate off the
North Korean coast at a time
of political tension in the Far
East.
As a result of the criticism,
Secretary of State Dean Rusk
was reported to have given as-
surances that the Administra-
tion would reconsider its poli-
cies governing the operation of
electronic spy ships off the
shores of Communist nations.
Meanwhile, in New York,
Senator Jacob K. Javits called
for Congress to conduct an in-
quiry into the Pueblo incident
and other foreign policy issues.
Mr. Rusk, who appeared be-
fore the committee in executive
session for a secret briefing
on the Pueblo incident, ob-
tained the unanimous support
)f the committee members for
:.he Administration's diplomatic'
efforts to obtain from North
Korea release of the Pueblo
and her crew.
The committee members
were reported to have stressed
that the Administration should
not rush into any military ac-
tion.
Committee Is Critical
But when Mr. Rusk asked
for committee advice on how
to handle the incident, he was
reported to have received in-
stead criticism of the Adminis-
tration for permitting the in-
cident to develop.
The sharpest criticism was
reported to have come from
Senator Karl E. Mundt, RepUb-
lican of South Dakota, who is
normally one of the more mili-
tant conservatives on the com-
mittee.
In response to the Rusk re-
quest for advice, Senator Mundt
was understood to have com-
plained that the Administration
had "bungled very badly" in
permitting the Pueblo to oper-
ate off the North Korean coast.
Senator Mundt was reliably
reported to have told Mr. Rusk
that "we should not be running
spy ships into controversial
areas in a provocative manner
unless it is highly important
that we get information that,
is not otherwise available."
If such missions are absolute-
--
or by naval power over use
horizon."
Similar criticism, in some-
what less blunt terms, was un-
derstood to have come from
other committee members, such
as Senator Frank J. Lausche,
Democrat of Ohio, and Senator
Stuart Symington, Democrat of
Missouri. �
In response to the criticism,
.Mr. Rusk was reported to have
;told the committee members
that the Administration "might
have to rethink" its past poll-
-cies on the operations of in-
telligence ships and take steps
to see that such incidents as
,the seizure of the Pueblo did
not recur.
'Uneasy Truce'
From the criticism, it was
apparent the Pueblo incident
was having the significant po-
litical effect of producing a co-
alescing of views between lib-
erals and conservatives on the
committee, between critics and
supporters of the Administra-
tion's. Vietnam policy.
Their new common ground
is a desire for a Congressional
;restraint on the foreign policy
;commitments undertaken by
,the Administration and a con-
cern that as a result of Viet- ternational waters at all
nam the nation is in danger of stages, according to every in.
becoming militarily and politi- dication we have. And there
rally overextended. 1.-are indications that the other
The latter concern was re-,side also, knew that."
flected in the comments of; When pressed on this point
Senator Mundt, who in the past within the committee, Mr.
has been a supporter of the Ad- Rusk was said to have ex-
ministration's Vietnam policy.iplained that he could not be
Mr. Mundt was understood to categorical because the Pueblo,
have advised Mr. Rusk that the�until the time of her seizure,
Administration should notWas maintaining radio silence
Continued From Page I, cal. 5 'undertake such intelligence
,patrols "in a period of uneasy
ly� necessary, Senator Mundtitruce, when you already have
was understood to have sug-
more war on your hands than
can handle and when you
gested, the ships should not be.3sTiou
uldn't be looking for more."
sent into such sensitive areas1 After the Rusk briefing, some
unless protected by air cuver�committee members privately
expressed some doubts that
high authorities in the execu-
tive branch and the military
were aware of the mission of
the Pueblo.
The effect of the Pueblo inci-
dent, in the opinion of some
committee members, will there-
fore be to reinforce a move
within the committee to inves-
tigate the Administration's
handling of the 1964 Gulf of
Tonkin incidents, in which two
American destroyers were re-
ported to have come under
attack by North Vietnamese PT
boats.
The Rusk briefing was under-
stood to have put to rest the
suspicions of some committee
members that before the sei-
zure, the Pueblo might have in-
truded into North Korean terri-
torial waters, as has been
charged by North Korea.
Territorial Waters
Asked by reporters after
the hearing whether the Pueblo
had at any time entered North
Korean territorial waters be-
fore her seizure, Mr. Rusk re-
plied:
"We have no information
whatever pointing in that di-
rection. The ship was in in-
Warning by North Reported
TOKYO, Jan. 26 (Reuters)�;
Sankei Shimbun reported today'.
that North Korea had warned
it might take action against the
Pueblo two weeks before the
vessel was seized.
The' newspaper's Washington
correspondent, Yoneo Sakai,
said the paper of the North Ko-
rean Labor (Communist) party
said on Jan. 9 that the Govern-
ment would take action if the
Pueblo continued its intelli-
gence activities for more than
two weeks.
Quoting informed sources,
the correspondent said Wash-
ington had directed Adm:
Ulysses S. Grant Sharp, Com-
mander in Chief, Pacific, to be
;prudent, but that the directive
i for some reason failed to reach
;the Pueblo.
Z74-ai 01
ifrsES
and was not reporting her po-
sition. But he was said to
have emphasized that the ship
was under strict orders not to
come any closer than 13 miles
from the North Korean shore.,
North Korea clahns a I2-mile.
territorial sea.
Percy Calls for Caution
Specie 19 The New York Times
NEWARK, Jan. 26�Senator
Charles H. Percy of Illinois sup-
ported tonight President John-
son's effort to ekhaust diplo-
matic negotiations before other
courses are taken to rescue the
Pueblo.
Senator Percy, a Republican,
said at a news conference here
that "I agree with the President
that every diplomatic move
must be taken to rectify the
atrocity that has been commit-
ted. But this is a time to keep
cool heads and be Very cautious
n what we say and do. We
must take into account that
what we have at stake here is
85 lives. How many lives might
be lost if we go in and seize an
empty ship?"
The Senator came here to
address a dinner given by the
200 Club, .a group of Newark
businessmen who organized
more than a year ago to provide
financial help to widows and
survivors of law enforcement
officers and firemen who lost
their lives in the line of duty.
Case Backs President
Senator Clifford P. Case, Re-
publican of New Jersey, said
yesterday he supported Presi-
dent Johnson's efforts in at-
tempting to recover the intelli-
gence ship Pueblo.
"This is a very serious situa-
tion," he said. "It was an out-
rageous action."
He spoke to the Columbia
University Law Alumni Asso-
ciation at the Commodore
Hotel.
Some U.S. Codes
Altered Since Loss
Of Intelligence Ship
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, Jan. 26 �
Some code changes have been
made as a general precaution
by the United States Navy and
other Government agencies
since the intelligence ship
Pueblo was seized by North
Korea Tuesday, American of-
ficials said today.
But the officials said that
even without these changes
there would have been no risk
to other secret messages.
The codes used by the Pueblo
and other American ships in
communication with their com-
mand points are. unique, the
officials said, so the capture of
one vessel would not provide
the key to other codes.
A security breach of another
sort might have occurred, how-
ever. If any of the Pueblo's
code machines was captured
intact, examination by experts
would give the Communists in-
formation about American com-
munications techniques.
It would not allow the break-
ing of a code, but it could re-
veal how some of the complex '
devices work.
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U.S. ASKS U.N. TO OBTAM RELEASE
OF SHIP AND CREW HELD IN KOREA;
JOHNSON, ON TV, TAKES GRAVE VIEW
The New York There
SPEAKS FOR THE U.S.: Arthur J. Goldberg uses a snap at the United Nations as he
presents case against North Korea. It shows Pueblo's positions before and during seizure..
By DREW MIDDLETON
special to The sew York "Imes ,
UNITED NATIONS. N. Y.;
Jan. 26�The United States ap-
pealed to the Security Councir
today to obtain the safe return'
of the American intelligence
Ship Pueblo and her crew from:
North Korea and to restore the,
Korean armistice agreements
to full effectiveness.
Arthur J. Goldberg, the Unit.:
ed States representative, told
the Council that the seizure of.
the Pueblo by North Korean
patrol boats last Tuesday was
"no case of mistaken identity,
no case of mistaken location;".
but "a deliberate premeditated
[armed attack on a United:
1States vessel on the high seas."-
Mr. Goldberg buttressed his
assertions that the Pueblo bact
'never been inside Korean ter-
ritorial waters by citing mes-
sages transmitted by the North
Korean vessels. These, Mr.
Goldberg asserted, indicated
that both the American ship
and its captors had been out-
side the 12-mile limit that
iNorth Korea enforces.
Long Speech by Russian
The opening meeting of what
is expected to be a stormy
debate was dominated by Mr.
Goldberg and Platon D. Moro-
zov of the Soviet Union.
Mr. Morozov, who unsuccess-
fully contested the inscription
of the issue on the Council's'
agenda, answered Mr. Goldberg
with a long speech in which he
scoffed at the American argu-
ments and dismissed as worth-
less the chart and map that the
American spokesman had in-
troduced to trace the course of
the encounter off North Korea.
Mr. Morozov told the Council'
he preferred the evidence pro- �
vided by a purported confession
by Comdr. Lloyd Bucher of
the Pueblo that was broadcast
over the North Korean radio
last night.
Mr. Goldberg replied that this
was natural in view of the So�
-
viet experience with "fabricated
confessions."
He also charged that a Soviet
_intelligence ship "right now is
to be found in the Sea of Japan,
not far from South Korean
�shores.'! Defense officials in
Continued From Page 1, Col. 8
Washington said tonight that
one such ship was in the midst
of the task force that included
the nuclear carrier Entreprise
;off South Korea. But a member
of the United States Mission at
the United Nations said Mr.
Goldberg had been referring to
another Soviet ship.
Today's council meeting,
which Agha Shahi of Pakistan
as this month's President con-
vened at 4:23 P.M., recessed at
6:43. He said the Council would
meet again at 10:30 A.M. to-
morrow.
The attitude taken in today's
proceedings by the Soviet dele-
gate, Karoly Csatorday of Hun-
gary and Tewfik Bouattoura of
Algeria indicated strong opposi-
tion to any effective action by
the Council.
These three diplomats voted
against inscription of the issue
on the Council's agenda, but
the twelve other members voted
n favor. One, Armand Berard
of France, quickly explained
that his favorable vote did not
reflect any stand on the sub-
stance of the issue.
Mr. Goldberg prefaced his
case with a warning that the
Council must act with "the
:Continued t-in�PaKelSoluntn2 � reesVettecuarren F.rhettnedxi decisive-
- 'suit
. � uation cannot be allowed to y
� 1Eu-) na.v -----
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The Council, he said must
accept its responsibility to cor-
rect the situation and this, he
added, would be preferable to
"other remedies" that the Char-
ter reserves to member states.
This was interpreted by
some diplomats as an allusion
to Article 51, which says that
nothing in the Charter "shall
impair the inherent right of in-
dividual or collective self-de-
fense if an armed attack occurs
against a member of the United
I Nations until the Security
Council has taken measures
necessary to maintain interna-
tional peace and security."
Mr. Goldberg included in his
speech a sharp attack on North
Korean infiltration into South
Korea and described the gen-
eral deterioration of the situa-
tion in the peninsula. This "de-
terioration cannot be allowed
M continue," he declared.
But the main focus of his re-
marks was that the Pueblo had
been captured in international
i waters and not within North 1:
iKorean territorial waters as fv..
'North 'Korea contends. '4DY
� The Pueblo's own report
1
ant �
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�
�
showed that she was 16.3 nauti-
cal miles from the nearest point
of the North Korean mainland,
or 4.3 miles outside of what
the North Koreans consider as
their territorial waters.
A major point in the case
presented by Mr. Goldberg was
that a report from the North
Korean patrol boat No. 35,
which intercepted the Pueblo,
showed that her position was
within a mile of the American
ship at the time. The North
Korean report had been moni-
tored by the United States.
Another North Korean re-
port, also intercepted by the
Americans. also placed the
Pueblo and her interceptor out-
side the limits of North Korean
waters, !Mr. Goldberg declared
But the North Korean report,
he went on, put the Pueblo
about one mile further away
from the North Korean shore-
line than the United States fix
did.
Mr. Goldberg used a chart
and a map of the area of the
encounter off the port of Won-
san to illustrate his points and
to answer the argument that
the Pueblo had invaded terri-
torial waters and" was sailing
away with the North Korean
ships in hot pursuit.
The two reported positions,
Mr. Goldberg emphasized, "show
conclusively that, according to'
the North Korean report as
well as our own," the Pueblo
was in international Waters.
Soviet Practice Noted
Mr. Goldberg said that Sovie
ships "engage in exactly th,
same activities as the Puebloj
and sail much closer to thel
shores of other states." It was
in this connection that he said
one such vessel was now in the
Sea of Japan not far from
South Korean waters.
Turning to North Korean ac-
tions on land, Mr. Goldberg
;cited reports from the Unitee
(Nations Command showing thiu
the number of infiltrators int(
Red Cross Makes Inquiries
Special to 'rile New York Tzars
GENEVA, Jan. 26�The Inter:I
national Committee of the Red
Cross said tonight it was mak-
ing inquiries of the North Ko-
rea Red Cross concerning the
crew of the Pueblo.
'Imperialists' Accused
Special tone are York Times
: TOKYO, Jan. 26�North Ko-I
rea warned today that if the
"American imperialists take[
more high-handed measures"'
North Korea will be ready to
adopt decisive counter-meas-
ures against them.
The warning was in an edi-:'
Peublo'-s ringement was - in f "an
torial of Rodong Shinmoon, of
the North Korean Labor party, unpardonable act of aggression
distributed .by the North Kolviolating the sacred sov-
rean press agency And moni- ereignty of the Democratic Peo-
tored here. � pie's Republic of Korea and an
The editorial said that the �
act_ or proywing a war.
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South Korea increased from 50
.in 1966 to 543 in the first 1
months of 1967. The number of
soldiers and civilians killed by
these infiltrators, he added,
rose from 35 in 1966 to 144 in
the first 10 months of 1967.
These attacks and the recent
North Korean attempt to assas-
sinate President Chung Hee
Park of South Korea, Mr. Gold-
berg said, threaten to under-
mine the armistice arrange-
ments that have kept the peace
in Korea for 14 years.
Mr. Morozov spoke for the
Soviet Union because Nikolai,
T. Fedorenko, the retiring chief
representative, left for Moscow
this week and his successor,
Jacob Malik, has not yet ar-1
rived.
PEKING SAYS PUEBLO
PUT UP RESISTANCE
TOKYO, Jan. 26 (AP)�Offi-
cial broadcasts from Peking
said today that the Pueblo had
�'put up an arrogant resistance"
before she was captured by
North Korean patrol craft. The
broadcasts, breaking a four-day
silence, echoed North Korean
charges that the intelligence
ship had intruded into North
Korean territorial waters. This
has been denied by the United
States.
Hsinhua, the official Chinese
press agency, and the broad-
Casts in Japanese cited reports
distributed earlier by North
Korea's official press agency.
Hsinhua said the Pueblo had
"intruded deep into the coastal
waters of the Democratic Peo-
ple's Republic of Korea, put up
an arrogant resistance and the
naval ships of the Korean Peo-
ple's Army returned fire and
killed or wounded several.
United States imperialist ag-
gressor troops."
Gavin 'Appalled' on Pueblo
HANOVER, N. H., Jan. 26
(UPI)�Lieut. Gen. James H.
Gavin, retired, an opponent of
the United States policy in Viet-
nam, said today he was "ap-
palled" that a captured United
:States intelligence ship had no
lair cover. He advocated force
if necessary to get the Pueblo
back.
. _
Reagan Sees Chance Lost
LOS ANGELES, Jan. 26 (UPI)
�Gov. Ronald Reagan of Cali-
fornia said today the United
States had lost its chance for
"immediate and decisive ac-
tion" in the seizure of the
Pueblo by North Korea. He said
that some strong step must still
he taken because "the man in
uniform is entitled to know his
country is behind him."
11
�-grA e
J.S.`CRISIS CENTER'i
KEEPS DAILY YIGIL1;
State Department Post Has
'Dr. Strangelove' Aspects
By NAN ROBERTSON
Special tom, New York Times
WASHINGTON, Jan. 26�At
first glance, it looks like the
Walter Cronkite newsroom
millions of Americans see on
i
[television every night.
There are Teletype machines,
maps, wall clocks giving the
'times -around the world, multi-
'color phones, shirt-sleeved as-
.sistants and tables piled with
printed messages.
This is the State Depart-
ment's closely guarded Opera-
tions Center�really a "crisis
center." The seventh-floor com-
mand pest jumped yesterday in
the wake of the seizure of the
American intelligence vessel
Pueblo by North Korea on
Tuesday.
In it works, 24 hours a day,
a series of five-man teams. The
center was set up in April,
1961 after the Cuban Bay of
Pigs debacle. Ills electronically
hooked up with the Pentagon's
National Military Command
Center, commonly called "the
tank"; and the White House's
"Situation Room."
I On a normal day, more than
300 messages, all of them ur-
gent, flow into the State De-
; pertinent center. During the
;Arab-Israeli war last June, the
I number went up to 1.000 daily.
1 Wall Screens and Phones
The night senior watch of-
ficer must decide whether to
wake the President or the
Secretary of State if a crisis
develops.
The last year has been par-
ticularly hectic, according .to
the center's deputy director,
James E. Ralph. He ticked off,
the upheavals in Greece, Yem-
en, the Middle East, the Congo,
Nigeria, Vietnam and Cyprus
and the international financial
turmoil set off by the devalua-
tion of the British pound.
The "Dr. Strangelove" as-
pects of the Operations Center
tend to dispel the first impres-
sion of a TV newsroom. There
is the small, soundproofed
,"Telecon Room," where Secre-
tary of State Dean Rusk and
'other Cabinet officers "talk" to
American outposts via wall ,
screens' that instantly flash in-.
coming and outgoing questions ,
and answers.
' There are Teletype machines!
, that 'encode and decode the,
'top-secret messages transmit-,
ted through them. I
There is the white phone,
which rings at the White House
Situation Room as soon as the
man at State picks it up. Along-
side are the gold phone for the
Pentagon and the powder-blue
phone for the Operations�Cen-
,ter at the Central Intelligence
� Agency. �
The center performs two
other important functions on
top of its receiving and alert-
ing duties. One is to put out,
top-secret digests twice a day,
(the morning summary is blue-
bordered, the evening one i
brown-bordered) of key incom-
ing cables.
Another function is what Mr.:
Ralph describes as "crisis man-
agement." When serious trou-I
blc breaks out anywhere, the i
Operations Center brings in a ,
special task force of State De-
partment specialists in � that. �
eeographical area.
---- �
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Limitations offower
�
U.S. Officials Confess to Frustration
Over How to Recover Pueblo and Crew
By PETER GROSE
Itlosels1 to The New York Times
- � -
WASHINGTON, Jan. 26�Tol
ill appearances,- -the Commu-
list regime of North Korea has
xposed both the vulnerability
. .
nd the limitations of the vast
ower of the United States.
American diplomats confess
. sense of frustration and des-
isir about what can be done
:o recover the intelligence-gath-
ering ship Pueblo
and her crew of
83. As in dealings
with North Viet-
nam, the problem
is not so much
finding channels of diplomatic
contact as what to say through
those channels.
What serious inducement can
the United States offer to bring
about concessions from the
North Korean Government
except the threat of something
so violent as to make the situa-
tion far worse than it -is
already? This question is very
much alive in official Washing.
:on today.
For the present, the Johnson
A.dministration is oasing its de-
nands for the return of the
.hip and its crew on strictly
egal grounds, both in its public
nd private channels of corn-
, nmication.
Insistence by Rusk
There is no wavering from
,the firm statement that the
Pueblo was in international
waters at the time she was
seized. Secretary of State Dean
Rusk insisted that "at all
stages" the vessel remained
more than 12 miles from the
coastline, according to the
signals received in Washington.
It was noted, however, that
during her cruise, there were
periods of radio silence from
the Pueblo. This left open the
possibility that the ship had
previously, and silently, moved
closer to the Korean coast for
better soundings.
In any case, officials here
recognize that the North Kor-
ean Government and other in-
terested Communist regimes
are not likely to take Wash-
ington's word on .this delicate
point and surrender to inter-
national law. So what next?
The military options drawn
up by the Pentagon immediately
after the ship was seized Tues-
day seem increasingly imprac-
tical.
A bold commando sweep into
Wonsan harbor to recover the
ship might conceivably suc-
ceed. But, it was thought, it
would only endanger the Ameri-
can crewmen held, in effect, as
hostages.
Officials believe the 83 Amer-
icans have already been dis-
persed to various prisons and
hospitals. Four of them have
I been reported wounded.
Similarly, it is expected some
punitive act, an air or sea raid
against some North Korean in-
stallations � would also fail
to free the Americans.
The Administration apparent-
ly has no desire to attempt any
i ground action or raise the level
of tension along the military
� demarcation line separating
North and South Kerea. Even
� if there were a reason to think
that something could be gained
by this means � and there is
none � a second front of com-
bat in Asia is not an attractive
prospect.
Moreover, heightened tension
News
Analysis
in Korea might well force the
withdrawal of nearly 50,000
South Korean troops now fight-
ing alongside the United States
and other allies in South
Vietnam.
A counterseizure of some
North Korean 'patrol boats is
regarded as a dubious under-
taking.
There appears to be a similar
paucity of political options. The
mere fact that there are no
exchanges between the United
States and North Korea�trade,
cultural, technical � raises a
good argument for the desir-
ability. of such exchanges even
with hostile countries. As it
stands, there is nothing that
can be cut off.
Payment of compensation,
ransom for 83 American lives,
would be distasteful, but not
new. Premier Fidel Castro of
Cuba accepted tractors and
drugs in return for the release
of prisoners after the Bay of-
Pigs invasion in 1961.
Initially, the Johnson Admini-
tation is basing a slim hope
on the United Nations, perhaps
a Security Council request to
Secretary General Thant for
his personal intervention.
But to North Korea, the
United Nations is something
less than a neutral agent. It was
under the United Nations flag
that American and other troops
fought in the Korean war 15
years ago, and that blue and
white insignia still flies on the
Southern side of the armistice
line.
The United States 'has also
asked the International Red
Cross to arrange the release
of the prisoners. This organi-
zation had some success after
the armistice of 1953, but then
there were North Korean pris-
oners to offer in exchange for
the Americans.
An obscure international
body, left over from the ar-
mistice agreement, might be re-
activated now. It is called the
Neutral Nations Supervisory
Commission, composed of Swe-
den. Switzerland, Czechoslo-
vakia and Poland, and it has
the singular distinction of be-
ing recognized by both the
North Koreans and the United.
States.
This commission, nes been
moribund since the early post-
armistice days When it was re-
quired to supervise troop with-
drawals to the armistice lines.
These political options are
likely to be pressed in the days
to come through third coun-
tries that maintain embassies
lin Pyongyang, the North Ko-
rean capital.
United States officials refuse
to discuss which countries are
being asked to play a role, but
obvious candidates are Indone-
sia, Yugoslavia, Rumania or,
perhaps, India or Ceylon, which
have consular relations with
the North Koreans.
A Blunder on Soviet
Only one channel has been
publicly identified�a request
for Soviet good offices�and
some officials concede that the
Johnson administration blun-
dered in disclosing the ap-
proach to Moscow:
Secretly, the Russians might
have been able to help, it is
'believed. Publicly, their stance
has to be one of complete sol-
idarity with another ,Commu-
nist regime.
The one direct contact be-
tween an official United States
representative and a North
Korean officer, at a meeting
of the Military Armistice Com-
mission in Panmunjon Wednes-
day, brought such a vehement
North Korean response that of-
ficials look for no progress
through that channel.
Through whatever channel it
is arranged, it may be that only
some kind of apology and pub-
lic surrender of the Pueblo will
succeed in obtaining release of
the prisoners. This is not a
nice prospect for the Johnson
Administration in an election
year. but observers think it
might have to be that or.
nothing.
47,
Sozhode:ii N.Y:T;Nte_c
TVSHOWSCURTA1LED
FOR PUEBLO REPORTS
The crisis over the seizure .
of the intelligence ship Pueblo
interrupted some television
schedules yesterday, first for
the brief comment by President
Johnson and then for the meet-
ing of the United Nations Se-
curity Council.
At the United Nations, Ar-
thur Goldberg's recourse to
maps and his reports of radio
messages among North Korean
naval units lent a dramatic
touch underlining the gravity
of the incident.
The National Broadcasting
Company and the Columbia
Broadcasting System carried all
of the United States represen-
tative's speech and the essence
of the rebuttal by Platon Moro-
zov, alternate representative of
the Soviet Union. The American
Broadcasting Company reported
Mr. Goldberg's remarks and
then reverted to the scheduled
programing. WNYC and
WNDT, the noncommercial out-
lets, provided gavel-to-gavel
coverage.
C.BS. canceled last night's in-
stallment of "Gomer Pyle," the -
half-hour situation comedy, to
giNc a prime-time summary of
the day's de,elopments.
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�
U. S. spy network loses a link
With a show of naval force and dip- probably was trailing hydrophones
lomatic maneuvers, the U. S. govern- to pick up electronic -signatures" of
ment at midweek was trying to re- other ships moving in the area.
trieve the auxiliary intelligence ship This instrumentation is of crucial
Pueblo (picture), which the Corn- importance to U. S. security, and it is
monist North Koreans had seized, probably more advanced than any-
The Pueblo is part of a recently thing possessed by the Communists.
intensified effort by U. S. intelligence There is also a great deal of mystery
agencies to keep a worldwide watch surrounding the fate of the Pueblo's
on all electronic activity. The ship crew.
was built originally to serve the army Speculation. Similar ships have
as a light cargo vessel in 1944. In cryptologists and translators as well
1966, however, the Pueblo (then as highly trained intercept-and-
called the AKL-44) was converted sending operators on board. The two
in Bremerton, Wash., to a Navy in. civilians aboard when the Pueblo
telligence collection ship.� was captured probably were Na-
It had been on patrol off North tional Security Agency personnel,
Korea for only 10 days when it was Washington sources says. NSA de-
intercepted; its assignment to the vcloped and perfected most of the
area undoubtedly had a direct re- electronic equipment on the Pueblo
lationship to reports of troop move- and since the reoutfitted ship has
merits and the increased infiltration only been commissioned eight
of North Korean terrorists into South months, it would not be unusual for
Korea. two NSA men still to be aboard.
Network. Both the equipment on At midweek, Senator Richard B.
the Pueblo and its crew represent an Russell (D-Ga.), chairman of the
important link in the U. S. electronic Armed Services Commitee, said that
spy system. There are Seven other it was clear that the classified equip-
known intelligence-gathering ships ment on the Pueblo had been des-
operating in this global network, troyed before the capture. Destruct
which also includes aircraft "fer- drills are a key part of the training
rets." drones. Samos satellites, and of any electronic intelligence ship's
� radar of all types. crew.
The Pueblo is known to have car- The loss of the ship, though, was a
ried advanced radar equipment that blow. The increasing North Korean
could bounce signals off the tropos- guerrilla activity was disturbing to
tem which, means it ,could moo- the Pentagon long before the capture
ior aidliqift.iiidWaerits in- North- � of" the Pueblo. It ZifleATI. ;011izi :less
.11 asW/ 1fillifti1MciV tlat rin 'rilsitigthwk
Thrlt7trar,a- mFtrilri77nor the .38th parallel.
37i-4 ���r
�BUS' OESS E_EK
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Soviets Hint
!POW Trade.
j For Pueblo
By Bernard D. Nossiter
Washington Post Foreign Service
NEW DELHI, Jan. 27�The
Pueblo and its crew could be
freed in exchange for cap-
tured North Koreans and
some form of acknowledge-
ment that the spy ship was in
North Korean waters.
! This was the gist of sugges-
tions relayed here today by
.1well-placed Russian sources.
!These sources are in a parl icu-
path: good position to speak
!since Soviet Premier Kosygin
lis in the midst of a state visit
'here..
The Russian aides have
been careful to spell out noth-
ing explicitly. However, they
are making two things plain:
� Kosygin is anxious to
lower temperatures over the
seizure of the Pueblo.
� Moscow is in touch with
North Korea despite ll'ashing-
ton's assertion that the Rus-
sians have twice rejected U.S.
requests for help in releasing,
the ship.
The latest disclosure indi-
cates that North Korea is rais-
ing its price. On Friday, the
Russians indicated that an
acknowledgement that the ship
had violated North Korean wa-
ters � an acknowledgement
that could be made by pay-
ment of a fine�might be
enough.
Just which captured North
Koreans arg supposed to be
freed is unclear. There are
probably dozens of North Kore-
ans held in the South, both
spies and soldiers taken during
the frequent clashes at the 38th
parallel in the last year.
Just what form the admis-
sion that the Pueblo was in
North Korean waters should
take is also murky. The So-
viets note that North Korea
has released a statement pur-
portedly coming from the
Pueblo's captain and conced-
ing the violation.
When the Russians are told
that this "confession" is
couched in stilted language
that no American would use,
the reply is that the U.S. itself
should explain clearly what
the spy ship was doing. An-
other suggestion is that the
payment of a fine would be sa-
tisfactory.
Soviet thinking on the
See KOSYGIN, A21, Col. 3
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�
Pueblilkeing transmitted in Kosygin had told Primipp. functions and could act only'
a re ably indirect but ter Indira Gandhi th the on complaints of border intru
clearly purposeful manner. -
Pueblo affair was a routine sions coming from the Cam
The reason for this may be
hodian . government.
some static in Moscow's lines
matter to be sorted out by
the two parties involved.
to Washington and North
Korea. Soviet officials say The spokesman said Kosygin
they are still gathering infor- treated the incident as a viola-
mation from the two sides. tion of North Korea's waters parture of another distin-1
They Indicate that Washington and assured Mrs. Gandhi the guished visitor, President Tito
has been unclear up to now Soviet Union would Use all of Yugoslavia. In a eommu-
over exactly what it will give its power and influence to pre- nique issued after Tito left, he
to get the Pueblo freed. There serve world peace. and Mrs. Gandhi expressed
i
is reason to believe that the Turning to another trouble their "regret" that the bomb-
Russians would welcome con- spot, the Indian official noted ing of North Vietnam had not'
tact with American diplomats that President Johnson had ceased. The two leaders agreed
'in New Delhi while Kosygin is sent Mrs. Gandhi a letter that, in the light of the recent!
;
here, early this month requesting overtures by Hanoi, a bombing
Sees Pueblo as Routine India's support for a strength. halt "could open up Prospects!
ened International Control
for negotiations toward a po-I
' Further confirmation that Commission to patrol Cam. litical settlement" of the Viet-'
; the Russian Premier wants to bodia's border. nam war.
cool off the Pueblo incident The spokesman said Mrs. Tito, Kosygin and Mrs.
came in a briefing tonight by Gandhi had replied that the Gandhi met for private talks
on Ihdian spokesman. He said Commission had but limited only once, last night. Then
they reportedly discussed the
Pueblo affair, Vietnam and
the tension in the Middle
East. Kosygin is understood to
have roundly condemned the
American bombing and the
whole U.S. posture in South-
east Asia.
Yorktown to Join
Enterprise
_
, By Ted Sell .plement of 80 to 100 airplanes.'Reterve units ordered to ac-
LoaASSCISI Tams The smaller, 31,000-ton York- give duty Thursday by Presi-I
The aircraft carrier USS
Yorktown and a screen of ac-
companying destroyers are
moving toward the Sea of
Japan to join the USS Enter-
prise task force off the coast
of Korea, it was learned yes-
terday.
The Yorktown, an antisub-
marine carrier, had been en
route across the Pacific to re-
place the USS Kearsarge in
the South China Sea. But it
continued due west and is ex-
pected to move into the Sea
of Japan soon.
With the arrival of the York-
town task force, American na-
val strength off Korea will
swell to about 30 vessels
Tito Goes Home
Almost ignored in the diplo-I
matic flurry here was the de-
town normally carries 28 air-
planes and 12 helicopters�
none of them attack planes but
rather those designed for sub- Ready Reserve) which hadt
marine detection and destruc-
tion.
Presumably, the Yorktown
I
The Navy said yesterday
that applications for discharge;
from a driA-paid unit (thel
net been processed by last
Wednesday will be held up'
until further notice. There'
was no indication if reserve,
would help establish a protec- components of the other serv-
tive surveillance screen ices plan to follow suit.
dent Johnson.
around the Enterprise task lifigh school students in
rue Reserve would be ex c' nittit
force if combat operations
were ordered, from calla], until their gradu-
In other action related to ate or drop out, Associated
Communist seizure of the Press reported. College stu-
Pueblo, the Navy yesterday dents could be deferred until
froze all requests for dis-
charge by members of Naval the end of their current term,
Reserve drill units, and seniors could get an extra
Six Naval aviation squad.
quarter, semester or tri-mester
:
The nuclear-powered attack rons in a drill status were if it would allow them to
,graduate.]
carrier Enterprise has a corn- among Air Force and Navy
Civilian No Sky,
Mother Declares
RICHMOND, Va., Jan. 27!--3.Irs: Tuck tali.' her son was
(API�The mother of Dunnie employed two years by the
Richard Tuck, one of two Naval Oceanographic Labora-
civilians aboard the captured tory in Washington before
Navy intelligence ship Pueblo, going to the Pueblo as a
said today he is not a spy, as civilian oceanographer. He is
claimed by the North Koreans. a graduate of Virginia Mili.
"I know he is not a spy. tary Institute and of the Vir-
He's an oceanographer," said ginia Institute of Marine
Mrs. Dunnie R. Tuck of Rich- Science.
mond. (Iredale was identified as a
The North Koreans earlier 1965 graduate of Pennsylvania
i this week cited an alleged State University, United
statement by the Pueblo's Press International reported
!captain�, Cmdr. Lloyd M. Jakis family in Holmes, Pa., said
Bucher, 'us iditntifYing Tuck lie has been wokliAng "%is an
awd ,The ither elvjlian aboard..eteanographer for the Navy
ffrep Ifeciale,. as "espionageke*g. graduation.)
;AO Dr
St4J4_,,
Tos
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�
He ;Minimizes Dispute
Kosygin's Reaction
Stirs U.S. Interest
By Warren Unna
Washington Post Staff Writer
Administration official s, ship Pueblo who are now be-
were both interested and; ing held in North Korea.
skeptical yesterday about re-I For one thing, it was ex-
ports out of New Delhi that!plained, only one North Kor-
Soviet Premier Kosygin isiean was captured in the recent
minimizing the United States' assassination attempt against
dispute with North Korea and South K ore an President
suggesting a trade of cap- Park Chung Hee. U.S. of-'
tured men.
They were interested be-
� cause any move by the So-
viets to defuse the situation
obviously was preferable to;
any Soviet attempt to egg on
the North Koreans.
They were skeptical about
any trade of North Koreans
captured during recent raids
Mb South Korea for the 83-
man crew of the U.S. Navy
finials say they don't know
whether South Korea might
have 82 more North Korean-
prisoners from past captures i
to balance the scales in a1
trade-off for the Pueblo crew.'
For another, the North Ko-
reans, who have had their
differences with Moscow lead-
ership in the past, may not
go along with the Soviets in
See PUEBLO, A22, Col. 1
. ._�.
agreeing 1p any such trade.
North Korea, for instance, in-
sists that the assassination at-
tempt against Park was made
not by North Koreans but by
South Koreans "patriots."
While Kosygin is- visiting
In India, the United States'
own two direct approaches in
Moscow for Soviet good offices
with North Korea have gotten
nowhere.
This was some of the think-
ing as President Johnson's sen-
ior advisers met at the State
Department yesterday for per-
haps the tenth or twelfth time
since word on the Pueblo's
capture was first flashed here
Tuesday.
Taking part were Secretary
of State Dean Rusk, Defense
Secretary Robert S. McNa-
mara, CIA Director Richard
Helms, Gen. Earle C. Wheeler,
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff: Under Secretary of
State Nicholas deB. Katzen-
bach and Deputy Assistant
Secretary of State Samuel D.
Berger. Berger, a former
U.S. Ambassador to South
Korea, heads State's special
Korean crisis task force.
The President paid an un-
expected visit to the National
Press Club last night in con-
nection with the inauguration
of its new president, Allan W.
Cromley, and told the audi-
ence that petty differences
"should fade into the back-
ground" in times of crisis.
In Des Moines, Iowa, vice
President Humphrey told a
Democratic Party conference
that the Pueblo crisis had unit-
ed Americans. He also said in
an Associated Press interview
that the Pueblo attack was de-
signed to divert attention from
North Korea's "political and
economic mess" and to upset
South Korea's plans to send,
50,000 mare troops to South
Vietnam.
At the White House, Press1
Secretary George Christian
said the President was in ten-
stant telephone touch with,
his senior advisers and per�
-
sonal meetings would be held'
with them throughout the
weekend "as the situation;
warrants."
Christian refused to corn-
ment on statements by Sen.:
Karl Mundt (R-S.D.) that the
Administration has agreed to
review its policy of sending
unescorted and lightly armed
spy ships into hostile waters.
Mundt made his remarks
after hearing testimony by
Rusk Friday in a closed sea-
sion of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee.
When queried, Rusk said his
testimony had not been "ac-
curately characterized."
In New York, Richard M.
Nixon, again a probable Re-
publican candidate for the
Presidency, declared it "all
but incredible" that no pro-
tection had been given the,
Pueblo.
"The Communist world has
been jointly testing the propo-
sition that the United States
is over-extelidod, Over-corarni
ted and under-prepared to .
act," Nixon told a Renublican
Women's Club luncheon.
He said the first order of
business was to obtain the re-
lease of the Pueblo's 83 men.
"But the longer-range need is
to reestablish the credibility
of American policy by reestab-
lishing the credibility of Amer-
ican power," Nixon declared.
In Searcy, Ark., Senate For
eign Relations Committe:
Chairman J. W. Fulbright (D-
Ark.) threw doubt on the Ad-
ministration's insistence that
the Pueblo had never in-
truded into North Korea's ter-
ritorial waters.
Fulbright said flatly that his
committee' investigation of
the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Inci-
dent found the two U.S. de-
stroyers involved had indeed
intruded into the territorial
waters of North Vietnam.
A Pentagon spokesman said
yesterday that the USS Mad-
dox was 25 miles from North
Vietnam during the first at-
tack by North Vietnamese pa-
trol boats and that the Mad-
dox and USS Turner Joy were
60 to 65 miles off the coast
during the second attack. But
he did not mention Fulbright's
charges that the ships had
been spying and had been in
North Vietnamese territorial
waters prior to the attacks.
Senate Majority Leader
Mike Mansfield (D-Mont.) yes-
terday told Associated Press
Reporter Jack Bell that he
was satisfied that the Pueblo
had been in international
waters. "But if it would bring
about the release of the ship
and the crew, I would admit
that it was taken in territorial
waters, even though that is not
the truth," Mansfield declared.
�zrri.) as'
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Red Patrol
A patrol boat with a sign reading
"Destroy the American invaders, the
enemy of North Korea" is shown in a pic.
N. Koreans Spurn
Any U.N. Action
SEOUL, Korea, Jan. 27 (AP)
�North Korea declared today
it will not recognize any reso-
lution of the U.N. Security
Council on the seizure of the
USS Pueblo. It said the nation
is prepared for combat and
could deliver the United
States "an exterminatory
blow."
The Communist regime at
Pyongyang took its stand in a
statement distributed by the
official Korean Central News
Agency.
It described the seizure of
the Pueblo and her 83-man
crew as "entirely right." It
said North Korea acted cor-
rectly in ta"J9.6
:SAiNi 3D
(A)PrS i-t �Pos"T"
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� �
Johnson Meets With Top Advisers!
On Korean, Vienamn. Problems
By Carroll Kilpatrick
Waahington Post Staff Writer
President Johnson conferred
with top official as well as un-
official advisers on Korea and
Vietnam yesterday but no
major decision or progress on
either crisis was announced.
With the American military
buildup proceeding in Korea
as well as at the threatened
Khesanh base in Vietnam,
Mr. Johnson held a day-long
series of meetings on the criti-
cal Asian developments. There
appeared to be considerable
concern about the threat to
Khesanh. �
All of the members of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff were
summond to the White House
for a meeting with the Presi-
dent.
Press Secretary George
Christian said that while diplo-
matic efforts to free the Pueblo
and its crew were continuing,
"there has been and is a prud-
ent ond orderly and limited
deployment of American mili-
tary forces in the area."
On Capitol Hill, Senate
lipeeches reflected the grow-
ing concern over North Ko-
rea's failure to show any signs
of meeting American demands.
' As Mr-Johnson often does
when critical problems beset
him, he brought in such for-
mer officials as George W.
Ball, former Under Secretary
of State; McGeorge Bundy,
former Special Assistant for
National Security; Gen. Max-
well D. Taylor, former Chair-
Soviets Said
To Want
Quiet Talks
By Bernard D. Nossiter
Washington Post Portion Service
NEW DEHI, Jan. 29�The
Soviet Union is disturbed by
what it considers over-publi-
cized American efforts to seek
Moscow's aid in resolving the
Pueblo crisis.
Russian informants indi-
cated today that if the Soviet
Union is to play any role,
much more discreet approach
is required for both internal
and external political reasons.
The attention drawn to
American overtures is blamed
for the absence of a Soviet re-
sponse. And the insistence on
quieter diplomacy, it is ex-
plained, stems from several
factors.
The Russians are suspicious
lof U.S. motives. They say that
their earlier attempts to play
a middleman role in North
Vietnam frequently blew up in
their faces because of some
fresh incident or escalation on
the American side.
The Soviet Union is also
said to fear that its prestige
would be damaged if an overt
move to solve the Pueblo
problem foiled. ,
man of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff, and Cyrus R. Vance,
former Deputy Secretary of
Defense.
They lunched with the Presi-
dent after holding meetings
Sunday and Monday morning
at the State Department and
White House.
Also at the luncheon were
Secretary of State Dean Rusk,
Secretary of Defense Robert
S. McNamara, Secretary-desig-
nate Clark M. Clifford, Gen.
Earle G. Wheeler, chairman
of the Joint Chiefs, and Henry
Cabot Lodge, Ambassador at
Large and former Ambassador
to Vietnam.
The Defense Department an-
nounced that additional "air-
craft, ships and bodies" had
been alerted for "possible
movement" to the Korean area
in connection with the Pueblo
crisis.
"We are continuing our ef-
forts to reach a peaceful solu-
tion" in Korea, Christian re-
ported. He said that in addl.
tion to the announced efforts
to achieve a solution through
the United Nations and with�
the assistance of Moscow,
"there are a number of other
channels available to us which
are active at this time."
"It would not be desirable
to discuss these," he added. He
indicated, however, that an at-
tempt by the International
Red Cross to obtain informa-
tion on the condition of the
Pueblo's crew had not yet been
successful.
The meeting with the Joint
Chiefs, Christian Said, was to
Moreover, Moscow is reluc-
tant to appear in the eyes of
the world to be telling North
Korea what to do. Russia's
hcavy-handed dealings in the
Communist world have
touched off resentful feelings
that are still causing Moscow
pain. Thus, anything that Rus-
sia does in the Pueblo affair
must not appear to infringe on
North Korea's sovereignty.
As the Russians themselves
point out, their relations with
Pyongyang are somewhat ten-
uous. They have improved
since the days when North
Korea looked exclusively to
China but are still a matter of
some delicacy.
Finally, the Russians have
their own hawks with which
they must contend: The
suggestion here is that there
are forces in the Soviet Union
that would like to see the
United States involved in a
second Asian front and are
urging that nothifig be done to
reduce the tension generated;
by the Pueblo's seizure.
For all these reasons, Mos-
cow is indicating that it can
serve as a channel at only the
most secret level.
Meanwhile, Premier Kosy-
gin, who is visiting here, and
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi
'held a long day of talks. A
lersistent theme was reported
to be Chinese power.
discuss Vietnam civil and mil-
itary questions raised by ca-
bles and other reports to the
President over the week end.
Korea also was discussed, he
said.
The unofficial advisers con-
sidered, in addition to critical
mlitary issues, the Asian aid
programs and civil develop-
ments in Vietnam. Christian
said that the group�meets pe-
riodically with the President.
At the Capitol, Senate Re-
publican Leader Everett M.
'Dirksen (Ill.) said "I don't'
disdain diplomatic efforts but;
.1 want to be sure that North.
Korea does not get the idea
they can get away with this.
"We've been treated to a
king-sized dose of caution
from some quarters ... Let's
not be impatient, they say."
But no one should get the
idea the United States is "go-
ing to take this lying down,"
Dirksen said.
Senate .Democratic Leader
Mike Mansfield of Montana,
however, urged caution. He
said it would do no good to go
iinto Wonsan and recapture the
Pueblo by force or bomb North
Korea as that would "seal the
doom of the 83 Americans.
Two Republican Senators�
Karl E. Mundt (S.D.) and Robd
ert P. Griffin (Mich.)�called
for an investigation of the
ship's seizure.
In asking for the inquiry,
Mundt said that "the United
States will emerge from this
experience a weaker and
sadder Nation."
' Mrs. Gandhi, it is under .
stood, proposed that New
Delhi and Moscow exchange
intelligence on Peking's activi-
ties. Indian sources say that a
similar arrangement now ex-
ists with the United States.
iKosygin was reportedly cool
to the idea, perhaps because
of the Indo-American intelli-
gence tie.
KOSygin is said to have
urged the Indians to settle
their differences with Paki-
stan, arguing that such a reso-
lution would further isolate:
Peking. Mrs. Ghandhi is bed
lieved to have answered with
the standard New Delhi line:
India would welcome a settle-
ment but Pakistan first wants
to solve the historic dispute
over Kashmir and New Delhi
wants to talk about Kashmir
only after other issues are re-
solved.
In one area, the Indian.
Ocean, there appears to be a �
closer meeting of minds. The.;
IndianSproposed that they fill'
the power vacuum in the re-
gion that will be left by the
departure of the British. To
do this, New Delhi would want
more arms aid. The Russians
are believed to have looked
sympathetically at this sugges-
tion. Prom their standpoint,
-n armed Indian presence in
the ocean would be more
siralile than an Ameriean
force.
The Associated P-rets �re-
ported this separate develop-
ment from Paris:
The Russians privately ac-
cept the American explanation
that the Pueblo was in inter-
national waters when the
North Koreans seized it, West-
ern diplomatic sources re-
ported. This conflicts with So-
; viet Premier Kosygin's state-
ment Sunday that the vessel
;had violated North Korean
:territorial waters.
zroni
tAiRsH
oSs-
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Pueblo
Fatality
Reported
Rest of Crew
Well Treated,
U.S. Is Told
By Carroll Kilpatrick
Washimon Post Staff writer
Administration officials
said yesterday that they
had received reports that -
one crew member of the
Pueblo was dead. The oth-
ers were being properly
treated by their North KC-1
rean captors.
The White House and the
Defense Department said they
were unable to confirm thr
reliability of the reports, which
also said that medical atten.
Lion was being given to the
wounded or injured.
The International Red
Cross, which was asked to con-
tact the North Korean Red
Cross, apparently has been
unsuccessful to date in its ef-
forts to obtain firm informa-
tion on the condition and,
whereabouts of the Pueblo's
crew.
Injuries Reported
Just before the Pueblo was
captured, it reported that:
three or four of its men were �
hurt, one critically.
North Korean Gen. Pak
Chung Kuk said at Panmun-
jom Wednesday that North
Korea's vessels "returned the
fire" of the Pueblo, "thus kill-
ing and wounding several sol-
diers of the U.S. imperialist
aggressive army."
White House Press Secre-
tary George Christian gave
the first report yesterday that
information had been received
that the men were being prop-
erly treated and the injured
were receiving medical atten-
tion.
Later, the Defense Depart-
ment said that it had an un-
confirmed report that one
man was dead. The supposi-
tion was that the seriously in-
jured man had died. He re-
portedly suffered severe leg
injuries at the time of the cap-
ture.
Problem Studied
President Johnson contin-
ued to divide his time between
Use Korean problem and the
Communist offensive in South
Vietnam, Christian indicated.
One of the President's;
sharpest critics�Chairman J.
W. Fulbright (D�Ark.) of the!
'Senate Foreign Relations!
Committee, was called to the
!White House early yesterday
Ito hear a briefing by the Pres-
ident, Secretary of State Dean
Rusk, Secretary of Defense
Robert S. McNamara and Gen.
Earle G. Wheeler, chairman of
;the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Also present were Chairman,
Thomas E. Morgan (D-Pa.) of:
the House Foreign Affairs:
'See PUEBLO, A14, Cal, 3 ;
Commitee and other Derno:.
eratic Congressional leaders. .
Senate Republican Leader
Everett M. Dirksen (Ill.). and
House Republican Leadet Ger-
ald R. Ford '(Mich.) came to'
the White House later and
were also briefed.
Fulbright later reported
that the President "has great
hopes that diplomatic proce-
dures will be able, to solve"
the Korean crisis.
The Senator said he too was
oppinistie, "not because I'
sanKthing" but because'
.147ye resolve
kbetpAt.
other similar. erlSes.
Negotiations should work!
unless both sides have "gone!
completely mad," Fulbright
said.
In New Yorx, Ambassador
!Arthur J. Goldberg met with .
United Nations Secretary Gen-
es-al U Thant on the Korean
problem.
I No date has yet been set for
!another meeting of thp Se-.
cruitY., Cotihcil, and no .early
resolution by the Secruity
Cotincil appeared likely.
�
Zit f1/41 3
WRSf-1 PCS1�
Reagan Asks
End of Korea
'Appeasement'
By JACKSON DOYLE
Special to The Stu'
SACRAMENTO � Republican
Gov. Ronald Reagan says there
are ways of halting "appease-
ment" of North Korea in the
Pueblo incident, but the Joint
Chiefs of Staff should decide ex-
actly how.
At his first Capitol press
conference since capture of the
U.S. inteilligence ship and its 83
crewme n, reporters sought
elaboration on the presidential
' "favorite son" candidate's re-
cent off-the-cuff remarks that
the U.S should have given
North Korea 24 hours to release
the Pueblo or "go in and get
it.''
Cites Alternatives
He explained yesterday:
' "When you use the term 'Go in
and get it; I don't think this
should be taken literally as
meaning you are going to go in
and put a tow line and pull it
out of there.
"Now there are a number of
alternatives that would have
been open. I don't know that
anyone outside the government
who doesn't have access to the
Joint Chiefs of Staff could make
a choice from outside as to
what should be the procedure.
"But there are a number of
things that have since been pro-
posed by people with experience
in the national government in.
volving blockading of harbors,
involving the counter-seizing of
their shipping and holding it
uuntil ours is returned.
"But I still say there is no
moral justification for this
country standing by and letting
what amounts to an act of pira-
cy, an act of war, be perpetra-
ted upon us and write off 83
young men and hope that maybe
some, way the other side will
soften and give them back."
Doesn't Ask Attack
Later in response to further ,
questions, Reagan reiterated'
that he was not calling for an
"armed attack, a bombing, or'
an invasion."
He said, however, that the
ship involved was in internation-
al waters when seized by North
Koreans and that President
Johnson's conduct in the entire
incident "is a continuation of a
policy of appeasement that
started a long time ago."
"When we started Writing let-
ters and asking others to inter-
vene for us, we had lost when
could have been our best meth-
od," Reagan said.
"We are the most powerful
nation in the world and I wonder
what guarantee any American
citizen has from any little
fiffh-rite pee!egtif it isspparont
that OW 0:04 tweaViotw. pad
and get ea* with it."'
-*O
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U.N. Afro-As& Bloc Weighs*
Mediation Role on Pueblo
By GEORGE SHERMAN liminary to any "second stage" I The link between the invitation
Star Staff Writer
UNITED NATIONS, N.Y.�
The Afro-Asian bloc sought here
today to put together an initia-
tive in the crisis over North Ko-
rean seizure of the USS Pueblo.
Following a statement last
night by the Security Council
president for January, Pakistani
Ambassador Agha Shahi, that
Afro-Asian delegations were un-
dertaking "urgent consultations"
on their own, the five bloc mem-
bers currently holding seats on
the Security Council were to
meet here this morning.
They are Algeria, Ethiopia,
India, Pakistan and Senegal.
The main thrust of their effort
is believed to be toward an Afro-
Asian intermediary to gain re-
lease of the Pueblo and its crew
from North Korea, while appeal-
ing to the United States to desist
from any more military escala-
tion in the Korean area. The
mediation would be unofficial
and outside any formal resolu-
tion of the Security Council.
Consulate Relations
One advantage is that many
members of the Afro-Asian bloc
at the United Nations have
consulate relations with North
Korea.
The initiative would probe
both North Korean and Ameri-
can intentions.
So far no delegation here�
' including the Russians and
their allies�has been able to
say definitely what North Korea
wants for release of the Pueblo
and her crew.
� Western diplomats, while un-
certain whether the Afro-
Asians can agree or get any
farther than anyone else has
in the past week say such a
"neutral" Initiative would give
North Korea an opportunity to
close the incident gracefully.
Many delegates assume the
seizure was simply a diversion-
ary tactic in the war of nerves
in Korea and that the Commu-
nists have learned all they
want from the ship and its
I crew.
I Furthermore, the U.S. dele-
gation here has made it clear
that the return of the crew and
the ship � either together or
separately�is an essential pro-
invitation to North Korea to ard the Pueblo would have to be
come to the Security Council
for a wide-ranging debate on
the deteriorating over-all Kor-
ean situation.
So long as the Pueblo crew
is held hostage, the U.S. mis-
sion insists. no U.N. invitation
is possible. Nor is the United
States prepared for "promnt
action" on release of the Pueblo
to be delayed by a long wran-
gle ' in the Security Council
over isuing that invitation and
a waiting game over North
Korean acceptance. '
As the possible compromise,
the release of the crew would
come simultaneously with the
U.N. invitation to North Korea.
Focus of Talks
The terms of such kri invita-
tion have been the main focus of
negotiations this weak among
the 10 nonpermanent members
of the Security Council.
Diplomats are impressed with
the increasingly authoritative
tone of Hungarian Ambassador
Karoly Csatorday � the only
Communist member of the
group � about the North Korean
position. They assume the Hun-
garian government is in direct
contact with the North Korean
capital of Pyongyang over the
crisis.
Yesterday he told the other
nine members of the nonperma-
nent group-meeting with Coun-
cil President Agha Shahi�that
although members of , the 83-
man crew of the Pueblo are be-
ing treated humanely, one had
died from wounds suffered
when North Korean naval units
seized the ship. No other details
were available.
The Defense Department said!
the report was unconfirmed, am'
there was no way of identifying
any casualties among the cap-
tured men.
The report followed a w'hite
Rouse statement that it had
been advised the crew was being
treated properly and the wound-
ed were receiving medical care.
While the Americans claim
the ship is as important as its -
crew, most observers here be-,
_:iieve the U.S. would take return-
of the men-E- with.a promise of '
I progress telfeard return of the I
I ship as enough for simulta-
neously issuing North Korea an
I invitation to a Security Council
' debate.
established in a bargain between
the United States and the Soviet
Union.
No one here expects an- em-
barassing public debate on the
whys and wherefores of inviting
North Korea.
Dangerous 'Game
tinksicies*cofea
1
�, STAFF111141CISCO�Ta Ko-
rean. crisis involves a trio of
decision-making agonies. One
is in Washington, in the Amer-
ican power-center; the second
is in the Communist power-
center at Moscow; the third is
in Pyongyang itself, where the
North Koreans have had to
make a fateful decision. What
happens finally will depend on
the point at which the three
intersect.
President Johnson and his
advisers have been playing it
cool, but how long will they be
able to keep the American
people cool? Moscow has been
playing it stony-faced, but
that, too, may vanish when
they learn that Washington
means business. Pyongyang
has covered itself with a thick
propaganda cloud, making it
hard to separate its current
exultation in a propaganda
success with a graver long-
range intent.
The danger lies in the
chance that somewhere in this
three-cornered game that na-
tions play someone may as-
sume the others are bluffing
when they are in dead earnest.
The fact is that it is a game
that mono of the three can win
if it retails in more shooting.
The Sipe is that all three will.
know it before it itioe Iai
I shouldn't enjoy being in'
President Johnson's seat at
this point. He has been careful
not to say anything that would
heat up the American pas-
sions. Everyone has known
that governments today en-
gage in electronic spying, and
everyone has assumed that if
'the ships are far enough off-
shore they can get away with
it. The Pueblo was far enough
offshore, in international wa-
ters, and in that sense the sei-
zure was a violation of inter-
national law, even though the
ship was on an obvious intelli-
gence mission. The American
people consider the seizure an
act of piracy, and any senator
or President who runs afoul of
this mood does so at his politi-
cal peril.
It takes skillful leadership in
Washington to stay cool and
determined at the same time.
One trusts there will be no
break in this mood. At some
point, of course, there must be
the credible intent to act with
power if the strategy of per-
suasion fails. The questions
are what action, and how
much power.
Washington 'has little pres-
sure it can exert on Moscow ito
, persuade its iCorean 'ally ex-
cel* the tgiedf el a thowtiownt
� on the Soviet spy ships dis-
guised as trawlers and fishing
boats. If that fails, both Mos-
cow and Pyongyang must ask
themselves whether they want
to run the risk of a repetition
of the adventure they ended in
Korea almost 15 years ago,
this time with a strong South
Korean army as an opponent,
aided by American planes.
The Americans in turn must
ask themselves whether they
want to add a second messy
war, even if limited to the air,
. to the current messy war in
Vietnam. The prospect of this
may cool off the ardor of some
of the senators and congress-
men and governors who have
come out with "go-in-and-get-
out-the-ship-and-men state-
ments. It is interesting that
several senators who are
doves on Vietnam have called
for strong action on Korea.
But nothing will be lost with
the lapse of some time for
cooling and real negotiation.
The ship and the men will still
be there.
Obviously, the Vietnamese
war complicates everything. If
not for Vietnam, the American
government would have more
options and a freer hand. Yet
it is also true that by handling
himself skillfully on Korea�as
he did in the Cyprus crisis and
the Arab-Israeli war � Pres-
ident Johnson could gain add-
ed strength both at home and
in world opinion.
The key to the crisis lies
with North Korea's intent to
play off its old ally, China,
against its new ally, Russia,
and thus get its share of
leadership and glory in the
Communist world. If so, the
key to the solution will have to
lie with Russia and its
capacity to keep its ally within
the bounds of nonfanatical
action.
If the crisis gets resolved,
and the men and ship are
returned, we may. later have
in
the luxury of an quest into
what actually happened on the
Pueblo at the moment of
decision, how the ship was left
unprotected, what options the
commander had, why he made
the choice he did. We are
learning that at even this
level of decision-making, in his
lowly spot in command of a
small intelligence craft, a
young American had to make
a choice on which not only his
whole career and reputation
depended, but tie risks o
4�1. PV111 cP"
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.S1R: flow c.4 we. as illieatest nation in the
world, sit by and let anothe ,untry, big or small,
"pirate away" one of our ships? What of the tin plus
men involved who, have mothers, fathers, sisters,
brothers, etc., and are now sitting in some prison in a
foreign hostile country? Are we, as citizens, not to be
concerned over this situation? How can we expect any
other peoples in the world ,.to respect us or our rights
if we show the world we are unwilling to protect even
our own citizens and property. If we will not defend
our own, why do we defend others?
Fred K. Refferly, Jr.
Rockville, Md.
* * * �
SIR: Although the present actions of the Administra-
tion concerning the Pueblo crisis are painfully after the
fact, they do seem as of this writing to constitute a firm
and studied approach to the situation. In the light of
this, Senator Mansfield's recent statement that we
should be willing to pay the price of a false admission of
guilt in order to obtain the crew's release injects nothing
but a demoralizing and emasculating influence on an
otherwise soundly developing position.
Lawrence W. Fagg.
Arlington, Va. '
* * * *
SIR: Had we defeated the Communists in Korea,
instead of negotiating with them, this incident of the
USS Pueblo may never have come to be. Yet these
. same ignorant or universalistic thinkers among us who
preach "get out of Vietnam" and "negotiate with the
Communists" also tell us that we have no legal right
there to begin with.
Well, I do not always agree with our government's
foreign policy, but where, I ask, where were these
hysteria creators when the Eisenhower administration
formulated the SEATO pact which does legally commit
us to the defense of Vietnam, Korea, and other Asian
countries? Why didn't they come out in vocal opposition
then?
John Edward Boehm.
Silver Spring, Md.
WILLIAM F. BUCKLEY JR. -
�
- � �
SIR: Communists, whether Bolshevik, Viet Cong or
Castroite, are calling the shots in the test of United
States strength and moral determination. And anyone
who doubts that this game is Moscow inspired, if not
directed, simply has shunned reality.
David C. LeRoy.
Alexandria, Va.
* * * �
SIR: These men and this ship must be recovered, or
we have lost what little remains of our "National
Honor."
Mrs. M. B. Chichester.
Camp Springs, Md.
* * * *
SIR: Either through error or lack of care we
are permitting the occurrence of incidents, maddening
in their impact � such as the recent seizure of the
Pueblo � to enrage us to the point where we shall
inevitably widen the Asian commitment to the degree
that we shall be ineffective when the Reds strike else-
where.
I. M. G.
Silver Spring, Md.
* � *
SIR: What does it take to wake the dovish politi-
I clans of this country? If seizing our ships is to be
tolerated why are we trying to protect the free world?
H. A. E.
Alexandria, Va.
* ass
SIR: The way to avoid a big war is to demonstrate
to the world, friends and enemy alike, that the United
States has teeth and will use them when necessary.
A. B. Pond.
Ship Seizure and U.S. Options
Some thoughts, practical
and theoretical, concerning
the Pueblo:
1. It has become fashionable
to observe that the credibility
gap is such as to entitle John
Doe to disbelieve the Ameri-
can government, and believe
the government of North Ko-
rea. Thus for instance Murray
Kempton of New York confess-
es, not alas unsadly, that he
will accept the enemy's ver-
sion, inasmuch as "North Ko-
rea hasn't lied to the lately."
One day after this assertion,
the North Koreans *released
the taped confession of the
commander of the Pueblo.
"The crime committed by
me and my men is entirely
indelible," says the command-
er � sez North Korea � add-
ing that he hopes "that we will
be forgiven leniently." The
commander went on to explain
that a "lot of dollars would be
offered to all crew members of
my ship and particularly my-
self would be honored."
Since no such English was
ever spoken by any American,
even at Annapolis, we may
submit the "confession" as a
North Korean lie and hope,
perhaps, that the American
Left will acknowledge the pos-
sibility of a credibility gap
where Communists are con-
corned.
2. I.s it likely that the Puehio �
was inside the 12-mile lank
.ral -therefore fechnicall-Lin
th a N vtion ot ortn-KOreara se-
curity?nieneto. nNoo,uorecayuses,nthip r
e equip-
ment
signed tor medium-range and
long-MI-OM- work, -not-for
getfinT-ZES-e-
shorgire so That the bo'sun
can spot fhe�enemTiam the
eroyalest. Under the circum-
stances, it is inherently im-
plausible that the 12-mile limit
was violated.
However, 3, if the United
States is confident of its case,
why doesn't it demand that an
international inspection com-
mittee immediately inspect
the Pueblo's navigational log,
assuming it has not been de-
stroyed? By checking the ra-
dar notations. Loran lines (if
there are such in that area),
depth readings, and even the
celestial sights, it can be in-
ferred with virtual certainty
whether the Pueblo was guilty.
4. What do we have to fear
from the detention of the boat,
other than the blow to our
pride? I do not diminish the
importance of the latter mere-
ly by bringing up the possible
importance of the former. Do
we have, aboard the Pueblo,
vital security information the
removal of which by the ene-
my would seriously affect the
national interest? Is that infor-
mation to be found in written
form, in which case one as-
sumes it has been removed
(and hopes that it will be
translated into Korean by the
same gentleman who wrote
Commander Bucher's mes-
sage); or, that which is
most valuable, or equally val-
uable, is the refined electronic
machinery aboard the Pueblo?
In the latter event, the
United States Navy ought not
to have deliberated overnight.
A bombing raid should have
gone over to Wonsan with or-
ders to sink our own ship,
which surely is our right to
do; and if the marksmanship
of our pilots is a little rusty
and it turns out that we also
sank the North Korean boats
that brought in the Pueblo,
why, you can't win them all.
5. On the business of asking
everyone on the street, partic-
ularly Republican presidential
candidates, "What would you
do if you were President?"
There are only two replies
which are both prudent and
wise. The first is that "such a
thing wouldn't have happened
if (insert name of the
candidate) had been Presi-
dent." The second is that the
capture of the Pueblo is evi-
dence of an unsuccessful for-
eign policy. Two-bit countries
just don't go about shanghaing
the property of a major power
if that major power is re-
spected.
But on the other hand, it is
inappropriate to suggest that
you should begin achieving
respect by a devastating retal-
iation against North Korea to
teach the world that lesson
now. That is a lesson one
teaches gradually. To atomize
North Korea now would be as
unjust as for a perennially in-
dulgent father suddenly to
beat the daylights out of a son
he had spoiled.
And 6, isn't the Pueblo inci-
dent yet another indication of
the failure of the policy of the
counter-salient? The enemy
strikes, we attempt to contain;
but always on the battleground
selected by the enemy, with
his sure feel for our own weak-
nesses. What are we doing on
such battlegrounds as we in-
disputably govern, or could
govern? The economic battle-
front? The psychological bat-
tlefront? What we are doing
there is financing Communism
by food and economic credits,
and fawning on the Commu-
nist world in order to prove
the purity of our intentions.
Our intentions should be at
least impure enough to protect
the integrity of our fleet on
international waters.
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�
CAN. T. ROWAN
�
Pueblo a Lesson in Small-Power Brinkmanship
The American people are
going to have to take many
trips to the brink, occasionally
drinking from the bitter well
of war.
That is the grim challenge
and the ominous lesson of
North Korea's hijacking of the
USS Pueblo.
"Brinkmanship" became a
dirty word during John Foster
Dulles' tenure as secretary of
state. It was regarded as reck-
lessness on the part of the
United States. But seven years
of Democratic rule have
shown that it is the Commu-
nists who decree that periodi-
cally U.S. nerves must be test-
ed by rolling the world up to
the edge of nuclear war.
In 1961 it was the threat of
war over Berlin. We stood
firm as we rebuilt our conven-
tional military might, and
Khrushchev backed down.
In 1962 it was the Cuban
missile crisis. We hung tough,
and Khrushchev caved in.
Vietnam has been a more
subtle testing of the American
will � and in terms of public
rfrdtte
point than the earlier confron-
tations.
Now North Korea has goad-
ed Uncle Sam with a bit of
brinkmanship in the harsh
Berlin-Cuban missiles tradi-
tion.
It would be calamitous, in
my view, if we flinched in the
face of North Korean brigand-
age any more than we flinched
in earlier crises. Mere sanity
dictates that diplomatic ef-
forts be made to resolve such
conflicts peacefully, but if the
ultimate U.S. posture is one of
weakness the wave of the fu-
ture is clear: It will be an
intensification of Communist
pressures and affronts on ev-
ery continent.
To understand why the
North Koreans would chal-
lenge the United States so
brashly, we need to look at the
differences between the Pueb-
lo incident and the Berlin and
Cuban confrontations. In the
latter incidents, the two great
nuclear powers were in direct
confrontations from the start.
So the specter of nuclear holo-
caust loomed large at the very
.outset. And sanity prevailed.
North Korea gambled on the
assumption that the United
States would not conceivably
retaliate with the use of even
small tactical nuclear weap-
ons. The Koreans surely as-
sumed that the issue before
the U.S. National Security
Council would be whether to
take military steps that might
cause the reopening of the Ko-
rean conflict and involve an-
other million or so American
boys in a ground war in Asia.
The North Korean belief,
shared by some Americans,
was that U.S. public opinion
would not support involvement
in another Asian war. And, af-
ter our recent drastic steps to
bolster the dollar, the Commu-
nists probably assumed that
the U.S. economy would not
support a second war.
The North Koreans also
could assume that U.S. policy-
makers would have to consid-
er the likelihood that the
Chinese would become rein-
volved in any renewed war-
fare in Korea.
And that is why little North
Korea would dare to challenge
the world's most powerful
country.
It lllustrates anew a point
- �
Letters to the Editor
The Pueblo
SIR: I am doncerned, as are other Americans, about
the Pueblo incident. I am relieved that President John-
son has at the present time taken a stand of diplomacy.
It would he unwise to take direct military action at this
'time due to our "hawkish" commitment in Vietnam.
We should first find out the facts of this dilemma.
(I am tired of the word crisis.) I hope President John-
son stands on diplomacy and does not seek a military
solution.
John Dove.
* *
SIR: Do you "Remember the Maine?" Or is that too
far back for you?
You will remember that the twin rabble-rousers,
William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, stampeded this
nation into what Senator McCarthy recently called on
TV "an unjust war." We know now 70 years later that it
was then an unjust war but at the time we were told that
the Spaniards had sunk the "Maine" even while it was
known at the State Department and the White House of
those days that the "Maine" was in Havana harbor
against the wishes and protest of the Spanish authori-
ties. The truth about the "Maine" was known 50 years
later, but it was known in the State Department in 1898.
Possibly we will have to wait to the year 2000 before
the facts about the "Pueblo" are known. Let us remem-
ber, however, that the risks are a thousand times more
serious than those of the Spanish-American War. Let us
keep our shirts on about the "Pueblo" as we did not
about the "Maine."
Joseph I. Puente.
* * � �
SIR: These congressmen who shoot off their mouths
are too much. They advocate war-like measures as in
Vietnam and then later blast the policy and complain
that we should never have gotten involved in the first
place. It is easy to be patriotic. It is a lot more diffi-
cult to be sensible.
Bowie, Md.
� *
Fred Ballenger.
a *
that Defense Secretary Robert
McNamara has been trying to
make: that the frightful power
amassed in our nuclear arse-
nals is not always equal to our
security needs. The capacity
for overkill possessed by both
the United Stales and the So-
viet Union actually serves as a
restraint, a diplomatic handi-
cap, in cases like the Pueblo
incident.
It forces sober reflection
where angry, hasty reaction
was once the rule. That is why
the United Nations is turned to
in almost forlorn hope.
And that is why even a great
power will remain vulnerable
to the pinpricks of brinkman-
ship, even from small, weak
nations.
1968
SIR: The North Korean shipnapping is not very
promising, but in this grave situation we can see a
hopeful sign: The United States has approached the
United Nations at an early stage rather than resort to
immediate and rash military action. It is heartening to
note that the Administration still recognizes it as a
handy organization to have around.
Now if only we .could devote some attention to
strengthening the United Nations between crises!
Gloria H. Parloff.
.5 5. *
SIR: After reading the statement of Senator Mike
Mansfield that we should falsely admit that the Pueblo
was in North Korean waters rather than to resort to
force, one wonders if this distinguished senator is bio-
logically equipped to survive in a crawling position?
Denise Bernier.
* * * *
SIR: I am troubled to think that some people in this
country are so willing to issue an ultimatum to North
Korea without first examining the facts of this incident.
It would be terrible to get ourselves involved in
another conflict.
Arlington, Va.
R. R. Summered!.
* * a *
SIR: It seems that the United States should have
swallowed some pride and offered to repurchase the
vessel and ransom its crew just as would be expected of
a private individual or corporation. But merely contin-
uing the inactivity after preliminary negotiations failed
serves little toward enhancing our international image.
Peter H. Zassenhaus.
Bowie, Md.
* * a �
SIR: I have been horribly perturbed by the way we
permit ourselves to be pushed around by a bunch of
tenth-rate pow** � now the Nov& Koreans, who with-
out even tisirigghteet degree of: thing except inso-
lence have taken over one of our iltips on the high seas.
Every real citizen should kzend instant and com-
plete action � whatever degieWiMiiy bi."-vired for
liberating that ship.
IR
-orn1
STAR_
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�
�
�
�
�
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LRGENT0'4"0'01 le4"/ �
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RUMANIAN COMMENT ON PUEBLO
..*
5 2
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BUCHAREST AGERPRES INTERNATIONAL SEPVICE i ENGLISH 0200 GM: 30 JAN 68 Lg�
C
j
07;
5'
3
(TEXT) IN CONNECTION WITH DEVELOPMENTS FOLLOWING THEIACT.ION OF. 1
) THE U.S. SPYSHIP PUEBLO OFF THE KOREAN COAST, THE 30 JANUARY
ScINTEIA PUBLISHES A COMMENTARY SIGNED BY A. CIMPEANu, WHO WRITES:
raEAKING OUT AGAINST ANY MACHINATIONS AND A'3GRESSIVE (ACTIONS .BY THE
PERIALIST ciRcLES, PUBLIC OPINION IN HVANIA IS CONDEMNING THIS
EiA'NGEROUS ACTION AIMED AT STRAINING THE SITUATION IN T!-IE FAR EAST.
�
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� THE. FACT :THAT THE PUEBLO IS NEITHER AN INCIDENTAL NOR 'ISOLATED
CASE MAKES TI-INGS EVE.:( GRAVER. T 'AZ A CT 10 N OF THE euEBLO' AND THE
.ATTEMPT TO USE IT WIT'. THE AIM OF 5-22pilliG THE SITUATION IN THE
FAR EAST, AROUSE DISA?PROVAL IN THE RANKS OF PEACE-LOVING .PUBLIC
�CD
!cr)
!at OPINION. THg INTERESTS OF ALL PEOPLES MAKE IT IMPERATIVE THAT
i�-�J
THIS 'INCIDENT BE TREATED WITH CALM AND A SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY.
AT THE SAME TIME, THEY MAKE IT NECESSARY THAT THE INDEPENDENCE AND
SOVEREIGNTY OF THE DPRK BE OBSERVED TC THE FULL AND THAT NO ACTION
. w
�
u- UNDER ANY FORM OF A MA.TURE OF ENCROACHINIO: UPON ANY PEOPLE'S RIGHT TO
(r) DECIDE THEIR FATE BY THEMSELVES Sh;UL'i 3E: UNDERTAKEN. FACTS HAVE
� PROVED MANY�TIMES THAT THE USE CT._ FORCE FOR SETTLING LITIGOUS
ISSUES RESULTS ONLY n THEIR AGGRAVATION.
CONDEMNING ANY ACTON OF. THE �Mr-ITARIST CIRCLES ENCROACHING
UPON INTERNATIONAL RULES, THE PROVOCATIVE ACTION AGAINST THE DPRK,
(AS RECEIVED--ED) OUR COUNTRY CONSIDERS THAT IT IS NECESSARY FOR
ALL THE PROBLEMS ARI:3ING FROM THE. PuESLC. ISSUE TO BE SETTLED WITH
CALM, IN THE SPIRIT OF THE RULES GOVERNING INTERSTATE RELATIONS
AND OF RESPECT FOR THEIR SOVEREIGN �RIGHTS, AND IN THE INTEREST
.OF PEACE AND SECURITY IN THE FAR EAST AND THROUGHOUT THE WORLD,
SCINTEIA'S COMMENTATOR WRITES IN CONCLUSION..
30 JAN 1319Z DF/EAM
� N.
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FBIS 43 (SEE 32 OF 29 JAN)
RUMANIAN DELEGATION IN DPRK �
PYONGYANG KCNA INTERNATIONAL SERVICE IN ENGLISH 1117 GM 36 JAN 68 B
(TEXT) PYONGYANG--A DELEGATION 07 HE RUMANIAN COMM�INIST PARTY
ARRIVED IN PYONGYANG TODAY BY AIR FOR A VISIT TO OUR COUNTRY AT THE
INVITATION OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE KOREAN WORKERS PARTY
(KWP).
. �
THE DELEGATION CONSISTS OF COMRADE IHE:0P.3)-E APOSTOL, MEMBER .OF �
THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND THE FERIA WENT PRESIDIUM OF THE CENTRAL
COMMITTEE OF THE RUMANIAN COMMUNIST PARTY, AND COMRADE: VASILE
VLAD, CANDIDATE MEMBER OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE RUMANIAN "
COMMUNIST PARTY AND DIRECTOR OF THE EXTEHNAI. RELATIONF; DEPARTMENT
OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE RuMANIAN COMMuNIST PARTY. THE FORMER
IS
HEADING THE DELEGATION.
THE GUESTS WERE MET AT THE AIRPORT BY COMRADE KIM KWANG-HYOP,
, ..n
MEMBER OF THE POLITICAL COMMITTEE:. AND ITS PRESIDIUM, AND SECRETARY � 5
lu
...
ifi91JHE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE KWF�s; CW,iP.119E FAX SONG� CHOL, iv.EMBE,R
THE POLITICAL COMMITTEE OF THE :':P N77::4iL COMMITTEE AND VICE �
�
1JEMIER OF THE CABINET; CHUN CHANG- CHOL MEMBER OF TYI.F. KWP. CENr?AL
"r. rvrTry� A. Pan u A Tgunkm nr Mr iNTA1 COMMITTEE _0 ������THE:GENER.A.L.���.� ��� ��
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' . FEDERAT IGN'. OF TRADE UAIONS OF XGREA; KIM YONG.. NAM9 VICE DIRECTOR..
. (Th r-\;
. OF A DEPARTKENT OF T Yf. 101P CEATRAL CO TTEE; AND U.1 HER PERSONAGES
�LL1 CONCERNED.
. �
)< �- AMBASSADOR NICOLAE POPA AND STAFF MEMBERS OF T HE RUMANIAN
EMBASSY IN PYONGYANG WERE ALSO PRESENT AT THE AIRPORT.
�
1 �
30 'JAN 124.0i �GKE/ CT
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UNITED NAT IONS, NEW YORK, J401. 29 (REUTERS) --THE
� SECURIT Y COU.N.CIL CANCELLED TODAYO'S 'SCHEDULED SESSION
1.<
T HE' PUEBLO CA ISIS TO GIVE DELL...2. ATES MORE TIME FOR PRIVATE
-
T AL KS ON -FOSS I BLE s.cx. a ION OF T iiE PROBLEM.
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� xxxX PROBLEM.
.�;u7
"; COUNCIL PREZADENT AGHA SHAM' PAKISTAN ANNOUNCED THE
.f.!o
;4! DECISION AFTER MORNING-LONG r: ISCUSS IdNS WITH OTHER MEMBERS.
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N. Korergroke a Non-Rule on Spying
Certainly this will bring about an That year, too, the CIA got caught been the curse of the military depart-
By John Ma/ /re
w,ohinstou nut man writor urgent reappraisal of spy methods, off base. Its .1.1-2 plane flown by Gary ments.
not only by the United States but by Powers was picked off high over Rus- One technical expert who is .occa-
.
TilCOUNTRY whose 'spies get
e:ught off base usually has no op- every country engaged in spying. sia by a SAM (surface-to-air missile) atonally summoned to work with ])IA
tion but to adopt a posture of pained The Naked Mighty that people didn't think was all that or one of its members remarked sadly
that the services "infiltrated" their
silence, like the man with a hangover. accurate at such a height It S.
best men into 111A and that too many
The U-2 affair points up why the
He cannot cure his problem; he can rpm. FACT is that the United States of them regard their own service as
non-rules of � the spying business only outlive it. ' I cannot bear to be without a sen- But last week their primary interest, and perpetuate
hardly permit it to be called a gentle-
the non-rules that hey- sitive, costly and indefatigable spy aP-men's agreement. The plane had been the rivalry.
or around the art of spying, or gather- paratus. Neither can Russia, France,
th d f kh L d b duce y Lockheed or e
log intelligence, were badly shaken , Britain, West Germany or Israel. pro CIAA Super Snooper
when the North Koreans forced the Neither can any country that is large in the mid-1950s and by 1956 it had
made passes over Russia,. The Russians 'DIY ITS OWN CHOICE, the Central
USS Pueblo into their port of Wonsan. enough to be reckoned as a major ally
s
No one was off base. By all accounts or enemy, large enough to feel naked knew about it. They couldn't do any- LP Intelligence Agency work no
thing at the time because they lacked closer with the 'Defense apparatus
the Navy was snooping without tree- unless it Is reasonably well informed
passing on North Korea's sea or air on what its big neighbors are up to. the technical means, but they were than duty requires. The CIA also
or land space. It was not hurting the Yet for all its vital importance, spy- very annoyed and they protested pri- cherishes its separateness from the
North Kbreans or threatening them; ing has one major and insuperable lim- vately in Washington. . . � even more secretive National Security
it is highly unlikely that it was inter- nation. It can put together an amaz- Washington made some polite noises Agency, the vast code-breaking and
fering with their communications be- log dossier on what the most secretive and perhaps the U-2 flights were held analyzing plant completed ten years
cause its job was to listen, not to oh- hostile power has in hand, but it can off for a while, but they were resumed, ago out at Ft. Meade, Md. The NSA is
struet. make only an educated guess � and There may have been 20 or 30 or more, nominally under the Defense Secretary
Navy ships have done that off North perhaps a disastrously wrong one � sometimes from Turkey, sometimes and its top slot, is always held by an
'Korea for years the way Russian trawl- at what the enemy intends to de with from Norway, and on some occasions admiral or a general, but it generally
era and naval auxiliaries are doing it it, the slower and lower Migs of the day operates according to rules known only
today off both coasts of the United Sometimes the powers get caught serambled in vain to catch .the high to itself.
States, an Irritating presence but part at it, intruder. Finally that SAM either Unlike the CIA, a widely dispersed
of a warfare that is measurable only In the summer of 1960 an RB47 jet Melted it or came close enough to cause field agency which casts a broad net
on a political thermometer. The two reconnaissance plane probed into the a flameout. for all kinds of political, scientific and
big powers have agreed tacitly to keep Barents Sea far north of Moscow and American military snooping is tech- economic as well as military Informs-
it that way. It is hardly a gentlemen's was shot down. Months later, Presi- nically elaborate and highly profes- Lion, the various Defense establish-
agreement, considering the nature of dent Kennedy's persuasion was needed sional but, despite the best efforts of ments have a narrower scope. �
� the activity that's involved, but it is to get the two officers released. The retiring Defense Secretary Robert S. The Army, through its Army Se-
certainly a working arrangement, plane was apparently on a mission that McNamara, not entirely coordinated. curtly Agency, naturally operates from
Now the North Koreans have upset could be called a feint, to smoke out It was he who established the Defense more fixed positions than the other
the non-rules that the big powers lived the detection capability the Russians Intelligence Agency to bring about two services. As far as ASA's role in
with, for reasons best known to them- had going for them on the cold roof more cohesion and to cut down the eavesdropping is concerned, its fixed
selves (or to Peking�or even Moscow). of the world. The fliers -found out. interservice rivalry that has always See SPY, Page B3, Column 4
,leits ,,
,
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N. Korea Broke Not-Rule
. SPY, From Page B1
Installations allow it to mount enor-
mously powerful radio and radar
equipment that can scan a good 100
miles into an otherwise closed country,
and the Army has some highly com-
plex bases in Turkey, Pakistan, Iran
and Taiwan as well as in continental
� Europe.
. .
Host countries like Thailand, Pakis-
tan and Turkey. are very sensitive
about such installations' on their soil.
Some of them allow so few foreign
person'nel in, particularly military
men, that it's a problem keeping the
plants operating round the clock.
"The navy has. always � � at least
until last. week. � enjoyed a par-
ticular advantage. It could slip up
close to a country 'that was being ob-
served without breaking 'international
law, and sit there for almost indefinite
periods, listening in on traffic, locating
radar sites and 'gathering information
that would permit their jamming. But
In military terms, jamming is an ace
to be used sparingly, because it im-
mediately indicates to the other side
that something big is in the wind, like
shooting. � A
There are supposed to be about a
dozen intelligence-type ships like the
Pueblo in the Navy, and perhaps a
slightly larger number of oceanogra-
phic vessels with an intelligence capa-
bility. Moreover, the combat vessels of
the Navy have wide varieties of snoop-
ing capability. �
Last year the unfortunate USS
Liberty sailed too close to the Arab-
Israeli war' and got badly shot up by
Israeli jets, losing 34 men killed and
at least 75 wounded. The curious thing
about the Liberty incident is that the
Joint Chiefs had become worried that
she was sailing too close to the combat
zone and sent a message ordering her
to move away, but somehow the mes-
sage was not received. .
At least the Pentagon has emerged
to some extent from its age of inno-
cense in that it has acknowledged what
ships like the Pueblo are up to.. One
naval spokesman observed that "in-
telligence collection by naval vessels
is a routine activity among major �
powers." That's a great advance over
the laughable cover story first put out
about the Liberty: that she was mean-
dering around those waters using the
moon as a passive reflector in com-
munications. Or the first one in 1980.
about the U-2, that it was a NASA
weather plane that had unaccountably
gone astray.
On the other side of the fence,
the Russian i have shown an
energy and ingenuity in maritime
snooping that no other nation can
match. In fact, U.S. Navy experts con-
stantly remind Congress of the march
the Soviets are stealing on the West-
ern navies.
There are reports, for example, that
at least half a dozen Soviet electronic
spy ships are prowling up and down
the U.S. East Coast. They are supposed
to be part of a force of over 40 such
vessels, a number of them in the Med- �
iterranean and the eastern Atlantic.'
There are also literally hundreds'of
auperbly equipped� trawlers roaming
the oceans. They catch a lot of fish and
process them on the high seas with
packing and refrigerating' equipment
that is the envy of other nations. But
they also funnel back to Moscow a.
mosaic of maritime information, not
all of it strictly military but including
esoteric oceanographic data about the
seas around Western countries. '
The purely snooping ships are called
AGI, or Auxiliary General Intelligence.
They can be up to 200 feet long and
equipped with the most up to date
radio and ridar equipment. Sometimes
these ships sail right in between Amer-
ican and other NATO country ships
In maneuvers in the Atlantic or the
lIdediterranean, coming so close that
they are a hazard. Some years ago', a
Soviet trawler moved in to photograph
the submarine George Washington ,60
miles north of Long Island, when. it
was firing dummy Polaris missiles, and
almost collided with a Navy tdg.
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I
� 0
NGTC N; JAN.. 23 (REUTERS)�THE DEFENSE DEPARTMENT
SA IC. I OD A Y THAT FJ CRTH KOREAN PATROL BOATS. SLAROUNDED A. U.S.
SHIP AkD ARVED NORTH KOREANS BOARDED IT IN THE SEA OF JAPAN
LAST NICHT.
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THE U.S. GOVERNMENT ACTED IMMEDIATELY TO ESTABLISH CONTACT .V.I,TH
. 3 . rn
C e 3
ti),.. R 3 � O.
ih.:ORT 1-1 KOREA THROUGH THE SOVIET UNION, THE ANNOUNCEMENT SAID.
O SC
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,
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ij.t NI GHTLEAD PUEEL COUNCIL
0
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,ilco � T
,co
rl -4 ON TIE PUEBLO CR ISIS TO GIVE DELEGATES MORE TIME FOR PRIVATE
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.4; TALKS ON A POSSIBLE SOLI.E1011 OF THE PROBLEM.
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UNITED NAT I ONS, NEW YORK, JAN. 29 (RE S) --THE
4 Ica - � �
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tAm
-FIRST ADD UNITED NAT IONS tiGHTLEAD PUEBLO - -couNCIL
:
i;.�1;4
DECISION AFTER .40RNI.NG-LONG D:SCUSS IONS WITH OTHER MEMBERS;
� �
� ��
. ,:48,
X X I.; X PROBLEM..
� COUNCIL PRESIDENT AGHA SAAHI OF PAKISTAN ANNOUNCED THE
�
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AP 60'
UR B E
(Ng* DELHI) --A SPOKESMAN FOR THE NORTH �KOREAN CONSULATE IN
NEW DELHI SAYS THERE. IS NO REASON WHY NORTH KOREA* SHOULD NOT
.SW AP THE PUEBLO" AND ITS CREW FOR NORTHENERS ARRESTED IN
SOUTH'. KOREA.
THE SPOKESMAN WAS COMMENTING ON REPORTS THAT NORTH KOREA
IS CONSIDERING-EXCHANGING THE.SHIP AND 83 CREWMEN FOR NORTHENERS.
CHARGED,: WITH PLOTTING TO KILL SOUTH KOREA'S PRESIDENT.
'THE :SPOKESMAN SAID: "I DON'T KNOW WHY. WE' SHOULD NOT AND
COULD NOT DO THAT WHEN THE PUEBLO AND ITS. CREW. WERE CAPTURED.
WHILE ON ESPIONAGE WORK WITHIN OUR TERRITORIAL WATERS."
. THE :NORTH KOREAN .CONSUL GENERAL IN NEW DELHI EARLIER
DECLINED TO COMMENT ON REPORTS THAT A SWAP IS BEING CONSIDERED.
THE REPORTS QUOTED 'SOVIET SOURCES IN NEW CDLHI, WHERE
PR IME MINISTER KOSYG IN AND HIS PARTY CURRENTLY ARE VISITING
THE REPORTS QUOTED SOVIET SOURCES IN NEW DELHI, WHERE
PRIME MINISTER KOSYGIN AND HIS ?ARTY CURRENTLY ARE VISITING.
01 7-:-.4.57:7:; 2,g
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eStS "
QQPRZ
FBIS 27
*****BULLETIN*****
U.S. BOAT SEIZURE
FOR YOUR INFORMATION B
PYONGYANG DOMESTIC SERVICE IN KOREAN AT 1040 GMT ON 23 JANUARY
REPORTS IN AN OFF-SCHEDULE SPOT ANNOUNCEMENT THAT ON 23 JANUARY,
NAVAL VESSELS OF THE KOREAN PEOPLE'S ARMY CAPTURED AN ARMED SPY
BOAT CV THE U.S. IMPERIALIST AGGRESSOR FORCE AND THE ENTIRE
CREW. THE BOAT WAS CARRYING ON HOSTILE ACTIVITIES IN THE DPRK
TERRITORIAL WATERS, THE REPORT SAYS. DETAILS AS AVAILABLE.
23 JAN 1101Z BAM/JB
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S; 9 A 6t
CURANT NE
WEDNESDAY, .1AnAHY 21., 1461;
ECEIVED .
FPO 8 1968 k00-55
NEW YORK TINES 24 January 1968 P1
North Koreans Seize a U.S. Ship With 83
WASHINGTON POST 24 January 1968 P1
Reds Edging Closer
To Base at Khesanh
By Lee Lescaze
W4shington ?oat Pelvic,. Service
KHESANH, South Vietnam,
Jan. 23 � North Vietnamese
troops moved closer to the
U.S. Marine base here Tues.
day as Marines worked to im.
prove their defenses and jets
and artillery pounded the sur-
rounding hills. '
Col. David E. Lownds, com-
mander of the 26th. Marine
Regiment, said the enemy has
increased c'the .pressure on his
base-piritheter since the bat-
tle began three days ago. �
� can't conclude anything
elte," Lownds replied, when
asked if he believes the North
Vietnamese are planning to at-
tack the base that spills on the
red dirt of this small highland'
plain around its lifeline � a
4006-foot airstrip,
No one here knows how
many North. Vietnamese are
on the hills circling this plain,
but all identified enemy dead
have been from North Viet.
nam's 325C Division. At full
strength the division would
have about .11,000 men. There
are more than 5600 . Marines
here and new Marine units ar-
rived Tuesday.
Marine reconnaissance pa-
trols have sighted. or made
:ontact with the enemy on all
ddes of this base. An aerial
)bserver said that enemy sol-
diers were "walking all over
the hills Sunday and'Monday."
Now, he added, "they are get-
ting harder"to spot?' .
[Marine. patrols probing the
hills around Khesanh killed
61 Communist troops Tuesday
without suffering any casual-
ties themselves, the U.S. Com-
mand said in Saigon.]
For the third straight day
an American jet was shot
down from the hills. Marine
Maj. William E. Loftus, 31, of
Chicago was hit as he made
his fourth run over the ridge
line--2000. yards north of the
base.
"My motor was surging, run-
ning rough," at the time he
pulled out of his strafing run,
Loftus said.
He said he saw holes in his
left wing and fuselage and
tried to turn his A-4E Sky-
hawk for a landing on the air-
strip. Unable to make the
turn,. Loftus ejected over the
cora= PAGE 3
BALTIMORE SUN
24 January 1968 P2
CAMBODIA
SAID TO SHUN
INSPECTIONS
Bs PRAN SABHARWAL
inrew Delhi Bureau a 7he Sun)
New Delhi, Jan. 23 � Presi-
dent Tito of Yugoslavia today
passed the word to lndias
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi
that Cambodia's head of state,
Norodom Sihanouk, does not
want the International Control
Commission expanded to super-
vise the borders of Cambodia
and South Vietnam.
Marshal Tito was giving his
assessment of the situation in
Cambodia and talks he had
with Sihanouk there. Tito told
Mrs. Gandhi Cambodia wants
to keep out of the war and that
Sihanouk publicty asked for the
effective functioning of the con-
trel commission only to deter
Arherican forces from exercis-
ing the right to hot pursuit.
' Requested Expansion
After the Bowles mission two
weeks ago Sihanouk agreed to
ask for, the expansion of the
commission in return for Amer-
ican assurances to respect the
territorial integrity of Cambo-
dia.
Sihanouk feared that if the
American forces were to cross
the Cambodian borders the
pro-Chinese elements in Cambo-
dia would ask for Chinese inter-
vention. Tito reported. There
was fear that Giet Cong forces
might also try to embroil Cam-
bodia in the war he added.
Sources close to the talks
added Tito said that in Phnom
Penh it is admitted that Viet
Cong use Cambodia as a sanc-
tuary but the number is. small.
Bowles Visit
Ambassador Chester Bowles,
who went to Cambodia as Pres-
ident Johnson's special envoy,
CONTINUED PAGES
NEW YORK TIMES
24 January 1968 P1
RADIATION FOUND
WHERE 1-52 FELL
_ . .
By JOHN W. FINNEY
Sp�cial to The New York 7:mrs
WASHINGTON, Jan. 23�Air
Force search teams were re-
ported today to have detected
small amounts of radiation
from some or all of the four
hydrogen bombs missing after
a B-52 bomber crashed on the
ice off northwest Greenland.
After two days of hunting
with dog sleds and helicopters,
teams from the Thule Air
Force Base in Greenland still
had not found the unarmed
thermonuclear weapons. But
the detection of the radiation
was taken as an encouraging
sign that the bombs were
scattered across the surface
and had not plunged through
the ice with parts of the bomber
into about BOO feet of water.
If the bombs are still on
the surface, recovery opera-
tions will be easier. It was
first thought that the bombs
had sunk to the bottom of
North Star Bay, about seven
miles southwest of the Thule
base, raising the problem of
underwater recovery opera-
tions through the sea ice.
The radiation suggested that
some of the bombs might have
broken apart in the impact
of the crash and during the
subsequent explosion in the
bomber as it careened several
hundred feet across the ice. If
the bombs have split and
spilled fissionable materials,
this could present radiological
health problems in cleaning up
the radioactive debris from the
explosion.
The radiation detected was
that of alpha rays, given oft
by plutonium, a fassionable ma-
terial used along with enriched
uranium in the trigger of a by.
drogen bomb.
If ingested or inhaled, phi.
tonium is highly toxic. But ir
the uninhabited stretches oi
northwest Greenland, the Or
tonium is not expected to pre-
sent a particular health haz-
ard.
The B-52 bomber, on a rou-
tine airborne-alert flight from
the air force base in Platts-
burgh, N. Y., crashed Sunday
afternoon while attempting en
CONTIPAJED PA 2
Cy NEIL SHEEHAN .
sp,o4 tD Tilt Sew York .I1m0 �
WASHINGTON, Jan. 23 �
North Korean patrol boats
seized a United States Navy
intelligence ship in Wonsan pay.
shortly before lest midnight and
took the vessel and.her'33 Crew
members Mai A North Korean
port.
The Defense Department, re-
porting the incident, .said today
that .the vessel had been in in-
ternational waters. But in a
Pyongyang radio broadcast to-
day, North Korea asserted that'
the Pueblo had "intruded into
the territorial waters of the
republic and was carrying out
hostile activities." .The broad-
cast called the ..Ptiehir) "an
armed spy boat or the United
States imperialist aggressor.
force." ,
Secretary of State Dean. Rusk
called the seiiiire.of the.Pneblo
"a matter of the utmost 'grav-
ity." He said the United States
was negotiating. with, North
Korea '"throtigh the Channels
that are available to LIS to ob-
tain, the immediate ' release, of.
the vessel and her crew."'
The incident forced a sudden
confrontation between.' the
United States and an Asian
Communist regime :that has
long been calling for-diversion-
ary � assaults:against.,...Linited.
States- Imperialism" Ito dis-
tract American energies from
the war in Vietnam: �
The Defense Department said
four crewmen of the Pueblo
had been wounded, one critical-
ly. One report said a. crew
member's leg had been. blown
off. The Pentagon declined, to
say how the men had been
wounded.. . .
The Pueblo carried 5 officers,
75 enlisted men and 2 civilians,
whom the Defense Department
Identified . as . Navy civil-
ian hydrographers performing
Oceanographic research. ..
Carrier Is Sent to Area
Military sources said that the
nuclear-powered aircraft carrier
Enterprise and two: destroyers
were diverted toward Korea
early in the day in response to
the seizure. The Enterprise had
Just ended a visit in Sasebo.
Japan, and was headed south
toward .the Gulf of Tonkin to
join other carriers of the Sev-
enth Fleet in :staging air raids
against North 'Vietnam when
the carrier and her escorting
PREPARED IST TRE AIR FORCE (SAP-AA) AS EXECUTIVE AGENT POR THE DOD TO BRING TO THE ATTENTION 0, KEY DEFENSE DEPART-.
�
- � -
NIINT FERBONNEL NATTERS WITRIN THEIR OFFICIAL RESPORSTBILITIES. HO CANER USE OP THIS' PUBLICATION IS AUTHORIZED.
� 111
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N.KOREAN3 SEX 7Z A. ,.
U� SUP. � �COntillue4
destrmsera revel \ et; cidors to
head, for Korea,
Thare -were also repa-is that
the United States' Eighth Army
in Korea and�South Korean mili-
tary forces had been placed. on ,
alert as a result of the Pueblo
incident as well as the clash in
Seoulaon Sunday between South
Korean policemen- and a group
of 31 armed North Korean in-
filtrators. The 31 -were said to
have planned to attack the
presidential .palate.
The -Defense Department de-
clined to confirm the alert re-
ports, but alerts by Anterican.
and South Korean- forces:-tare
normal in: such circumstances.
The State' Department spokes-
man. Robert J. McCloskey, said
that an "urgent request" for
the release of .the Pueblo and
her crew had been. sent to
North Korea 'through the Soviet
Union and that the matter
would also be brought-up ire-the
evening with the-Korean..armiss
tice..commtssiorrat Panmunjom.
The commission, set .up at
the end of the Korean war, is
the sole regular channel of di-.
rtt't conICIL:nicztion� between.
the United States and North
Korea.
Highly Secret Devices Aboard
AccOrding. to the-Defense Dc-
the Puebkisis.:.aa906-
0tin."Vessel that carriesahighly,.
Secret electronics-equipment dea�
signed 'to interceptsradarsend
other -electronic- signals,, and
gatheririformationafors:intellis
'r �
The�dep'ertineritSaidthe ship
had-been- in international wa-
ters about 25.niilesoff'the eaSts
ern Cerast.ef NotthKorea when:
she 'Wits-boarded. by armed
North' Koreett sailers at '1-1:45
. rieJ latitude � and.: longitude.
gveii 'hy, the Pentagon as the
ship's poaition- at sthats. -time
wotild ..haires piat � hers itbouts20
miles: from: .the ;:peidnitila � that
forms the itottherti, Sinn 'Of
Monean-Bay and abent 30 miles
from thePoreaf Mensan,where
the Ptiebisi Was taken. :
....Defense VepartMent officials
did not, however, gale the PoSi-
tion� Of the -.Pueblo-when AIM
was -first accosted-by a North
Korean gunboat at 10 P.M.,
nearly two hours before she
was boarded. Some military
sources said the ship had been
closer than 25 miles to the
coast. But -they said they be-
lieved the'Pueblo had been out-
side the 12-mile limit ihatNorth
Korea claims for its territorial
waters.
Mr. McCloskey said he could
state "categorically" that the
Pueblo had remained outside
the 12-Mile limit at all- times.
Military sources said that
the North Koreans opened fire
on the Pueblo at one point be-
fore boarding. But other -offi-
cers said they were not certain
the North Koreans had fired
upon the Pueblo, and that the
Injuries of the crewmen might-.
have been wounded on at-
tempts to blow up the -ship's
secret .electronics equipment.
The 'Defense' Department, de-
to comment or. either
Cr-
-
ePentagon said the Puebla
had not used any weapons dur-
ing the incident. The ship car-
ries only tWo .50-caliber Ma-
chine guns as well as small
arms for the officers and men.
PresidentJohnson was await.
� need at 2 A.M. and notified ol
the incident by Walt W. go:
tow, special Presidential assist.
ant. Secretary of Defense Rob.
nit S. McNamara and the Join,
Chiefs of Staff were also no-
tified.
� George Christian, the Presi-
dential press secretary, said Mr.
Johnson discussed the seizure
at his regular Tuesday strategy
luncheon with Secretary Mc-
Namara, Secretary Rusk and
other senior officials.
The Joint Chiefs also held a
special meeting on the incident.
Military sources said the four
North. Korean patrol craft that
surrounded the Pueblo were So-
Met-rnade. Each was armed
with four 25-sum, automatic
antiaircraft guns.
The North Korean craft�one
conventional patrol boat and
three other raft of motor tor-
pedo types -- were capable of
speeds of 23 to 40 knots, while
the Pueblo had a top speed of
12.5 knots.
According to the Defense De-
partment account, North
Korean patrol craft first ap-
proached the Pueblo -at about
10 P.M. (niacin Tuesday Korean
time) and, with international
flag signals, asked the Pueblo
to-identify herself:. -.
- When the': Pueblo replied
that she was ,an:Amerleart-ship,
theaNOrth Kpreaea� ship, in.
sw.eied;,.!hieave to of 1 will
open fireantsyeu,S..the.Defense.
Department- said. --..The� Pueblo
replied:�"1..einsie .international,
waters.7.,s-: ,
� ..� :
-Aceiatinte of-Action.:Drrfer
.7 �.
this joint, Sranes
eoureea-.saict.:the Pue1t's cap.
tain�;Ciimdrl'aleydllt, Bucher,
trieds.to .move fatthetstromstlie
OtiaStSand theS.NOrth Korean
Vessel..opeed fir wounding it
leaSt one. of the ere'w,.:T.he Pen-
tagon. acebutit said � only :that
at thiS:".point "the patrol boat
circled the Pueblo." . . .
S4bdut anhour' later,. the Pen.
tagon-.Said;'.three 'Other :patrol
craft appeared'and one ordered
in internationar.SigealsS;!!Fol-
low.in-frie:Wake,:lhav'e-appet
ab0ard."1.
. inc 'z;?..T2
In" on the Pueblo, the Pentagon
said, "taking different positions
on her bow, beam and quarter."
Two North Korean M1G fighter
planes were also sighted by, the
Pueblo's crew circling :off her
starboard bow.
One .patrol craft then began
backing toward the bow of the
Pueblo "with fenders rigged"
and "an armed boarding party"
on-her bow, the Pentagon said.
Fenders are ropes or rubber
bumpers used by ships to avoid
damaging each other when
they pull alongside.
Ship Apparently Halted .
Although the Defense De-
partment did not say so, its ac-
count gives the impression at
this point that the Pueblo was
stationary.
At .11:45 P.M., the Pentagon
said, the Pueblo radioed that
she was being boarded, and at
12S10 she said she had been
2
BADIATION F
-1111= B-52- ont
sake, aii emergency laniennas
Thule. Shortly before the-crash.
the seveMman crew bailed out
alter the bomber had apparenthi
caught fire and filled with'
smoke. One of 'the crew' mem-
bers, the :co-pilot, was killed:
The four thermonuclear wea-
pons carried by the bomber
were unarmed, preventing their
detonation in the crash. Arm-
ing of a nuclear weapon re-
quires a series of mechanical
and electronic stems by at
least two members of the crew.
These steps would be taken
only after a coded command
signal, approved by the Presi-
dent, had been radioed to the:
bomber.
Although the possibility of a
nuclear explosion was ruled.
out, the Air Force, if -only for
political and psychological
reasons, was intent on recov-
ering the weapons.
Plane Parts-Are Found .
Search operations wer.e. ham-
pered by the darkness of the.:
Arctic winter,. subzero tempera-
tures and swirling snow. -
Helicopters were unable- to.
land in the crash area because
crews were unable to gee-bear-
ings in the darkness and, snow.
Surface search � operations
have thus far depended on dog-
sled teams. They were reported
clearing a small landing: area
for helicopters. Plans called-for
moving a small Arctic shack. to
the crash area to provide heat
and light for the search teams.
a Search. teems. were reported
to: haVe.foUnd- the .arelswhete
bomher "ti'a0ed � ..anttl'ap-.
eerentlf exploded as ifs:fUe1
wOnt up 01'41a:hes. Some, pieces
of 'the �planei.such, as -an engine,
hate ::been discovered
scattered.asoiSs.thu ice.
The 'key question is whettier
beh:luirribeT, cithcic-ire the, crash
or in: the subsequent fire,
plunged or melted its way
through . the ice, which is six to
nine feet thick,. carrying the:
bombs. with is On this Nina
there was fragmentary and
snetradictory evidence.
Some large cracks in the ice
have barn observed in the
crash area, but it is not clear
whether the cracks were
caused by the impact of the
plane or v...;:re alreary in the
shifting ice. � � .
There were indications that
the !abandoned bOmber did not
erasii .: head-en but skidded
across the ice in a gentler
landing. Ebid wrks r,o0 to 600
feetIong were reported to have.
;men. obseaved.
-One possibility .was that the.
plane broke apart as it skidded.
across the ice and then ex-
ploded. In the heat of the ex-
plosion, some of the parts. in,
cludingthe , bombs, may have
fallen 'into the melting- ice, ad
then been covered over as the
ice refroze.
The search operations are.
under the command of Mal
Gen!. Richard 0. �Hunziker, de-
puty chief of staff for material
of the Strategic Air Command,
General Hunziker flew to Thule
yesterday hum 3.A.C.. head-
quarters .in Omaha. .
Air- Force officials said . the
B-52 bomber had not flowns
-through the airspace of Green-.
land,: which is owned by Den-
Mark:Under the 1949 agree-
Merit .giving the arnited.: States
aie.biserights.sat Thule, United
. Stites,: tal anes' carrying , n ucl e ar
weapons, 'are forbidden � to -.fly
over Danish territory-------
requested .i: :,to ��sfellow -...,the
North:.1,corpgritVesiels,iiitti Won-,
saq.sarid -.that ',-;,slie,.....hatl:rroftiSed,
any. weapons.",,, �
The finals measage:Irbrir the
Pueblo Came at 12:32 A.M., the
Defense Department said:--
come to "alrstops.and thether:
radio' WaS"Sg-dieg.,Off the: air."
- Military 'sources-- 'said -Com
mender:. Bucher!-had., radioed--
earlier-thar-he,-war.deltroying�
Ma tedret'electronicsequipmenS-
but:lt ia.uniniWn-hOW;much he'
sue-deeded- 'destroying: 'Thu
equipment, :if scapturedswoule
and Soviet intelligence-men.
The Pueblo had been in the
area about two week on an
electronics interception mission,
the officials said. They added
that other American Mtelli-
gence-gatheripg ships had ac-
complished smiler missions In.
the same area 'before without
being bothered by the North
Koreans.
This, with the manner- in
which the Pueblo was seized,
has suggested to-some military
officials that the North Koreans
had probably planned the seiz-
ure as part of a general effort
to increase tension.
Last November Arthur J.
Goldberg, the United States
delegate , to the United Na-
tions, reported to the .organi-
zation that there had been a
-drastic increase in North' Ito-
rean!liolatiOns of:the 1953 arisi-
litic,:a*reemenL,:; j � t
TheiNorth KOttin'hrciedcast
after :the Pueblo incident � tied
it to-the clastfin'Seoliion Sun-
day, and ':esatrteil �-that the
United-States and South ,Korea
had;.,retaliated by -firing "Mow
Sends of rounds of small
anti -artillery fire-Into our, area"
of ,the demilitarized U'odOr-
Istgthe'niEhtand'.by-.dIngg
1!an,.-arm�M7. 'My vessel :or the
U.S. forces to intrucle ,into %the.
*item nftWon.san.-abd:,Peffe."'
trate. serious proyoriation.:7
perate, deathbed kick this is!"
the broadcast said. "Our naval
vessels engaged in patrol duty
on the spot captured the armed
vessel of the U.S. imperialist
aggressor force and the entire
crew, resolutely defying the
counterattack."
Mr. McCloskey, the State
Department spokesman, said
American diplomats were using
any channels 'which might be
helpful" in trying to negotiate
the release of the ship and her
crew. He did not specify the
channels. Japan, an ally of
the United states, has repre-
sentation in North Korea.
"I wish to re-emphasize the
seriousness with width we view
this flagrant North Korean ac-
tion against the United States
naval vessel on the high seas."
he said.
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MIS EDGING CLOSER TQ
KHESANH...Continued
base from 1500 feet after mak-
ire, sure that his jet would not
crash into the Marine position.
.lie parachuted unhurt in-
side the wire of the base and
the Plane smashrd into the
ridgeline he had bc en strafing.
"So this is the place." Loftw
said. "I've seen it happen to
others, finally its me."
Digging Deeper
Although several Marine
battalions are operating in the
hills between Kbesarth anti the
Laos border seven miles to the
west, the emiihasis here at the
base is on defensive prepara-
tions.
"I tell the kids to dig a foot
a day at least," Lownds said.
"If the enemy doesn't attack
for two more weeks I'll prob-
ably have three more strands
of wire around us, but if
you're asking am 1 ready, the
answer is yes." �
Enemy forces have isolated
the base from Khesanh village
four miles southwest and from
the Special Fortes camp at
Laungvei. Three mixed Marine
and South Vietnamese Civil
Action platoons were evacu-
ated from around Khesanh vil-
lage Monday and civilians who
wanted to escape were flown
out after making their own
way from the village to the
base.
The evacuation served two
military purposes, in addition
to giving the civilians a way
out of what promises to be
heavy fighting. Allied 'forces
were weak in the village and
it was not considered defensi-
ble without reinforcement.
Also. many of the shells fired
at this base Sunday came
front within the village.
Artillery Used
In addition to rockets and
mortars, the enemy used artil-
lery against this base Sunday,
according to many Marines
here. Officially, the U.S. Com-
mand does not report that the
enemy has artillery it can
bring to bear on the base.
The Sunday attack blew
down many of the flimsy, tin-
roofed buildings. Digging
deeper bunkers and sand-bag-
ging the walls of the buildings
has become a major occupa-
tion, but much remains ex-
posed and ramshackle.
Perhaps only Dakto is a
worse battleground for Ameri-
can troops in Vietnam than
Khesanh. The steep slopes are
alternately covered with heavy
forest and waist-high grass.
Khesanh is isolated from
other Marine posts and de-
pends entirely on planes for
its -ammunition and other sup-
plies.-
At this time of year, the
clouds close on the hilltops in
late afternoon and the mist
never lifts before Midmorning.
On. bad days, the plain is cov-
ered with fog and drizzle that
makes all air operations im-
eossible.
Col. Lownds has orders to
"defend the combat base and
its ancillary facilities and
check infiltration." Khesanh
was originally established by
the Athrim, rep..r on and WASHINGTON POST ilkumary 1968 (24)
i !
blo,ds. at. least pact code, infie
!ration of )11,1111 Vietnamese
larvard Ilead Cites 'Nonsense'
troops fr,o l.aos and from
across the Ih-nitlitarized Zone.
Laotian Base
The 325(' Di% iSi1111 now
threatenin K hesanh is be-
lieved LO its 1)1� ill Laos.
The battle shaping up here is
the first major action in this
at.ea since the battle for Hills
cii and 881. from April 24 to
May 5 lost year.
In that biotic. the Marines
suffered Intl dead and 297
wounded cc hilt' reporting 554
enemy dead by body count
and a potable kill of more
than twice that figure.
Marine commanders were
criticized in some quarters for
their tactics in ordering
charges up those hills. In a
war where real estate is often
gained only to he given up.
critics asked, why charge a
well-prepared enemy who
holds the tops of hills?
The same question was
asked after the bloody battle
of the 173d Airborne on Hill
075 at Dakto last Thanksgiv-
ing.
Marines, however, have held
on to the crest of 861 and the
southern of the two 881 hills
(the names designate the
height of the hills in meters.)
It was the Marine unit on 861
that repulsed the most serious
enemy probe of the present
campaign. Around Khesanh,
however, 861 and the 881s are
three among many hills.
News agencies reported
these other developments:
� About 200 South Viet-
namese militiamen and a num-
ber of civilians evacuated the
former district capita] of
Huonghoa, the second town
whose garrison has been
pulled back in the Khesanh
area. The militia moved into
the Special Forces camp at
Langvei.
In three days of Communist.
attack on Huonghoa, about
three miles from the Khesanh
base, 18 South Vietnamese
were killed. But Huonghoa's
defenders claimed their fire
and supporting air strikes
killed 250 Comrnunist soldiers.
� More than 300 troops of
the U.S. 1st Cavalry Division
(Airmobile1 moved north to
the Hue-Phubal area, from
which they can be airlifted by
helicopter to Khesanh if
needed. They are the first U.S.
Army troops to be posted
north of the Marine base at
Danang.
� Farther south, other ele-
ments of the 1st Cavalry mak-
ing a sweep of the coastal
plains caught a Vietcong
force in the open Tuesday
and killed 128. Four Ameri-
cans were killed, a U.S. mili-
tary spokesman said.
� In Saigon, the South Viet-.
namese government said thati
allied forces last week killed
1842 Communist soldiers, a
drop from the 2216 Communist
dead reported the previous
week. South Vietnamese losses
were put at 223 killed, 750
wounded and 71 missing or
captured.
� The American. pacifist
told the American Ambassador
what Sihanouk wants of the
Americans. The source added
that Tito explained the Cam-
bodia stand and unwillingness
to get embroiled in the war.
Tito maintained with Mrs.
Gandhi that Americans are the
aggressors in Indo-China and
they should leave and allow the
Vietnamese to decide their own
fate. Both leaders considered
the recent Hanoi statement on
talks as a "positive gesture,"
official sources said.
India's Stand
Mrs. Gandhi explained India's
stand on the request made by
Cambodia for the effective func-
tioning of the International Con-
trol Commission. She is reported
to have turned down the United
States offer of helicopters, as
America is not a signatory to
the 1954 Geneva Agreement on
Cambodia.
She indicated to Tito � that
India will support investigation
of any specific complaint lodged
by Cambodia. The International
Control Commission will accept
help from signatories like Cam-
bodia for expeditious investi-
gations into the complaints,
sources dose to the talks said.
The sources said Sihanouk
feared that if an expanded con-
trol commission were to estab-
lish that Communist forces do,
indeed, take sanctuary in Cam-
bodia, then Americans would
immediately assert their rights
of hot pursuit.
liA-MBlillniE.I1lass.,.lan. 21
;Ai. ftr,sident. Nratlian
l'o,:ey o Ha f rvarcl University!
r,00rt today re-!
eal'ed an arademie year of
"intompi�i aft- s I sitent he.
[savior :cud displays: of "bet.,
11011011S1.,- by some!
iiiimpus ctiv ists. ;
Ile said a v,il. n Harvard in
19(16 by Seer(.41:�:. of Defense.
Ii ohert S. .0 h.-Namara provoked!
"un)recedcmed intemperate;
student beln:vitir" as students'
blocked MeNamara's car and
shouted insults at him.
In the tall of 1967. Posey:
said. sunients- maintained
"something very like a state of
siege for more than six -hours"
to prevent a job recruiter from
Dow Chemical Co. from leav-
ing an office where he was
conducting job interviews.
Pusey said other American
universities share with Har-
vard the difficult educational
task of bringing back to reality
the few students who, "safe
within the sanctuary of an
ordered society ... play at be-
ing revolutionaries and fancy
themselves rising to positions
of command atop the debris as
the structures of society come
crashing (10W11."
CAMBODIA SAID TO SHUN
INSPECTIONS...Contfd
also called on the visiting
statesman, His visit with Tito
was described as a "courtesy
call" by American Embassy
sources.
CHICAGO Tammig-----
24 Jams 1968 P5
SPACE STUDY
Yugoslav sources said Tito EXPERT SAYS
BY RONALD KOTULAK
The United States may be
abandoning scientific explora-
tion of the planets to the
Russians, D r. William H.
Pickering, director of the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory in Pasa-
dena, Cal., said yesterday.
Congressional cutbacks i n
space spending have almost
eliminated America's planetang
space missions, said DA
Pickering, whose laboratory
planned and developed the
Mariner, Ranger, and Surveyor
planetary and moon missions.
Russian Studies Continue
. While the United States has
sidetracked planetary missions,
the Russians have given every
indication that they will keep
up their heavy commitment to
explore the solar system, Dr.
Pickering said at a press
conference at the Illinois Insti-
tute of Technology.
Dr. Pickering, who is attend-
ing the third annual national
conference on industrial re-
search, was honored as "Man
of the Year" by Industrial
Research magazine. He re-
ceived a plaque and $1,000.
"The United States has su-
periority in space exploration
but the Congressional cutbacks
may enable the Russians to get
well ahead of us," �Picker-
ing said.
Because of the Vidt Nam war
and other federal programs the
National Aeronautics and Space
administration budget has been
trimmed by nearly one billion
dollars to 4.5 billion this fiscal
year. The budget cuts affected
the planetary exploration pro-
grams the most.
Surveyor 7, which recently
made a soft-landing on the
moon, is the last of the
unmanned lunar missions. Con-
gress eliminated from the
fiscal 1968 budget 71 million
dollars for two craft that would
have landed on Mars in 1973
and 10 million dollars for a
Mars orbiter scheduled for
1971.
3
yacht, Phoenix sailed from
Hong Kong after obtaining
North Vietnamese permission
to deliver its cargo of medical
supplies to Haiphong. It pre-
viously had been refused per-
mission to deliver its cargo,
both by North and South Viet-
nam.
� In Hong Kong after his
three-week tour of South Viet-
nam, Sen. Joseph Clark (D-
Pa.) predicted: "It will be a
stalemate in Vietnam. it will
be Korea all over again."
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CHICAGO TRIBUNE
24 January 1968 P8
KOREAN TRUCE
VIOLATIONS BY
REDS MOUNTING
BY RUSSELL FREEBURG
(CfliCago Tribune pots smite!
Washington�Jan. 23�A sharp
� increase in the scope and
intensity of North Korean mili-
tary activities and armed at-
� tacks has bean overshadowed
� by the fighting in Viet Nam.
I But the increase in the tempo
, of communist activities in
Korea has American officials
worried. Altho a -second front"
seems unlikely. a growth in
infiltration and guerrilla activi-
ty in Korea could have reper-
cussions in Viet Nam. where
the second largest foreign force
compared to the United States
is the 40,000 South Korean
� troops.
Capped by the alleged assas-
sination mission of 31 armed
North Korean infiltrators into
Seoul Sunday night. the Korean
truce violations by the Com-
munists have increased dra-
matically in the last year and
have raised serious doubts
about North Korea's continued
willingness to keep peace and
stability in the area.
Tells Red Nan
The night raid Sunday, ac-
cording to a North Korean
army officer who was captured.
was to charge the presidential
mansion in Seoul and kill the
South Korean president, Gen.
Chung Hoe Park.
The incidents in Korea have
increased as the communist
attempts to win in Viet Nam
have bogged down. In the first
10 months of last year there.
were 543 North Korean truce
violations, compared to 50 in all
of 1966.
American officials said the
incidents resulted from infiltra-
tion .into touth Korea from the
north of armed teams for the
purpose of setting ambushes,
I laying mines, and raiding posi-
tions near the demilitarized
zone and engaging in other
subversive activities in the
interior of the Republic of
(South I Korea [AOKI.
Hostile Nets Increase
Infiltration has been by land
and sea. A table follows that
shows the stepped up activity:
1965 1966 1967
11000
Significant incidents ' 181
DMZ area a2 37 623
Interior of ROK 17 13 120
Earbaaries of fire
DMZ area 23 19 117
interior of DOK 6 11 95
Nerte Koreans killed
ir 1,2014
North Corrals captured
ROK II 19 50
United Nations personnel
killed in ROK . 21 35 122
Unitert Nations personnel
wounded in ROK 6 29 279
ROK national police and
other Civilian5 killed 19 4 22
ROK national police and
other civilians wounded 13 5 53
The infiltration by sea began
last June. American officials
said that many armed 'bands
. 4 43 224
NEW YORK TIMES 24 January 1968 P2
eaos Is Said to Plan ElecOonic Line to Halt Foe
VIENTIANE, Laos, Jan. 2:No US. Troop. commitmentf filtraiion line. in Laos would be
"(API � A high Laotian Govern- .an extension of. the fence-and.
1
ent source said today that an .
'ti
Envisioned, Source Says- Imine barrier across the north-
electronic barrier would be in-
stalled across Laos to block the
movement of North Vietnamese
(mops and supplies.
The source said the harrier
would not involve constructions
on the ground or the station-
ing of United States soldiers in
Laos.
� Ho implied that devices
dropped from airplanes as well,
as complex airborne equipment
would be. used to check on the
movement of North Vietnamese
soldiers down the Ho Chi Minh
trail in eastern Laos to South
Vietnam.
Actually, the United States
has long used electronic sys-
tems, such as infrared cameras,
to photograph truck convoys at
night. United States bombers
have been called in to destroy
these movements.
This was confirmed official-
ly today in Bangkok, Thailand.
Premier Thanom Kittikachorn
said United States planes were
bombing the Ho Chi Minh trail
from bases in Thailand.
� Mr. Thanom told reporters
the trail was being "constant-
ly-bombed."
Military sources here said
Bombing Is Confirmed
much of the bombing took
place at night when large Com-
munist truck convoys were on
the move.
The entire American covert
effort in Laos poses a major
political problem to Premier
Souvanna Phouma's Govern-
ment, which is pledged . to
neutrality under the Geneva ac-
cords of 1962.
As North Vietnam denies the
obvious � that its troops are
stationed in and crossing
through Laos � the United
States denies playing any major
military role here. �
Source of Embarrassment
However, it is known that
the major portion of the entire
air war in Laos is being car-
ried out along the Ho Chi Minh
trail by United States bombers.
Laos has only a few jet train-
ers that have been converted
into fighter-bombers. They also
attack the trail.
It was first bekieved the in-
front North Korea have landed
in the southern part of South
Korea. Once ashore, they have
attempted unsuccessfully to or-
ganize guerrilla activity. More
than. 20 bands have been
identified�with nearly all, of
the infiltrators captured or
killed.
Assault Fleet Used
To carry out these opera-
tions. the North Koreans have
assembled a fleet of very fast
agent-team delivery boats
about 75 to 80 ftiet in length,
armed, and capable of carrying
30 to 40 men with equipment.
North Korean raiders and
reconnaissance seams raneing
from six to fin in one case have
entered South Korea by land,
across the 11M7,. There, in
carefully plonned and recon-
noitered nrierations. they have
attaCked DMZ police forces and
installations of the United Na-
tions command located in the
sooth half of the zone.
North Korean infiltrators
have also laid mines in the
roads of the United Nations
command in the south half of
the zone and in one case
atta'cked a U N. engineering
unit engaged in road construc-
tion. In another instance. North
Korean agents blew up two
U. N. barracks.
Goldberg Raps Violations
.Arthur J. Goldberg. United
States ambassador t o the
United Nations. told the inter-
natibnal body last fall that the
North Koreans are violating
both the letter and spirit of the
armistice agreement of 1953. He
said the North Koreans have
shown no signs of wanting to
cooperate in stopping their
military activities.
Only on Monday. just hours
ern border of South Vietnam.
Reports from Washington have
'said �'that the barrier has al-
ready been extended into Laos.
The Government of Laos has
,been embarrassed by these re-
ports. The high Government
source said he had no informa-
tion on any such.extension. �
The United States Embassy
declined to discuss any aspect
of the barrier.
United .States sources said
that despite official denials spe-
cial American reconnaissance
patrols from South Vietnam
have been operating In Com-
munist-controlled portions of
Laos, seeking out truck and
troop concentrations.
Information' gathered by
these patrols is ,radioed to
South Vietnam. where bombers
are then dispatched, these
sources added. It was believed..
however, that these reconnais-
sance patrols operate- for only
a short period in Laos.
The Laotian Government
source said the stationing of
United States troops in Laos
would risk a major expansion
of the war in this country.
CHICAGO TRIBUNE 24 January 1968 P6
Name Heroic Pilot
for Medal of Honor
Washington, Jan. 23 1.-Pr � The
Pentagon announced today the
24th medal of honor of the Viet
Nam war will go to an air force
pilot who flew a light, unarmed
plane against an enemy force
to save a South Vietnamese
army battalion.
Capt. Hilliard A. Wilbanks,
34, a native of Cornelia, Ga.,
was killed last Feb. 24 in the
action near Dalat, South Viet
Nam.
Harold Brown, secretary of
the air force, will present the
medal to Wilbanks' widow,
Rosemary A. Wilbanks of Glen
Allan, Miss., in ceremonies
tomorrow at the Pentagon.
Discovers Ambush Force
It will mark the second
award of the medal of honor to
an air force man for heroism in
before the Pueblo incident, the
state department took note of
the continued unruliness of the
Communists in Korea by say-
ing it deplored their actions.
Kim Dong Jo, South Korea's
ambassador t o Washington,
charged that North Korea's
seizure of the Pueblo and- the
raid on Seoul are part of a
deliberate program to help
North Viet Nam and the Viet
Cong.
Kim called attention to a
speech on Dec. 17 by Norto
Korea's Premier Kim II Song
saying that North Korea IS
-doing everything in its power
to support the brotherly Viet-
namese people."
4
Viet Nam.
The citation credits Wilbanks
with bravery while flying as a
forward air controler providing
reconnaissance for the South
Vietnamese.
"He discovered a large hostile
force poised to ambush the
advancing South Vietnamese
Rangers and, recognizing that
support aircraft could not ar-
rive in time, made repeated low
passes. in his unarmed, light
aircraft and inflicted' many
casualties by firing his rifle out
of the side window," a Penta-
gon statement said.
Wounded 'Pilot Crashes
"His daring tactics allowed
the Rangers to withdraw from
their exposed position," the
Pentagon added. "During his
final attack on the enemy
forces, Capt. Wilbanks was
mortally wounded and his bul-
let riddled aircraft crashed."
He was the son of Travis
O'Neal Wilbanks and Ruby Lee
Wilbanks of Cornelia-. Ga.
NEW YORK NEWS
24 January 1968 P48
N.Y. Defense Pacts
New York City companies re-
ceived a total of $11 million in
government defense contracts last
month, according to the New
York City Department of Com-
merce and Industrial Develop-
ment. Largest was received by
Hazeltine Corp. for $5,151,480,
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WASHINGTON POST 24 January 1411
65 Professors
In Saigon Urge
Peace Moves
From News
SAIGON, Jan. 23�Sixty-five
South Vietnamese Professors
called on "all the belligerent
parties" today to extend the
coming lunar new year cease-
fire and start peace negotia-
tions.
"The present conflict is seri-
ously endangering the very ex-
istence of the Vietnamese peo-
ple from both material and
moral standpoints," the profes-
sors said in a statement.
"Therefore every Vietnamese
has the duty to contribute to
the finding of a suitable way
out for his fatherland ...
"The complex differences
between the official positions
require subtle solutions that
can only be reached after long
deliberations an d drawnout
negotiations. ,
"In order to create a suit-
able atmosphere for such an
open-hearted discussion be-
tween the belligerent parties,
and above all to save thou-
sands of people from death
and suffering while a peaceful
settlement is being sought, we
appeal to all the belligerent
parties to extend indefinitely
the Tot cease-fire and to ne-
gotiate immediately a peaceful
settlement."
The Tet standdown is sched-
uled to begin this weekend.
The Vietcong say they will
observe a seven-day cease-fire
beginning Friday.
The Allies 'nave announced
they would observe a 36-hour
cease-fire. This was originally
scheduled to be 411 hours, hut
a government spokesman said
last weekend this had been re-
duced because Saigon had
learned the enemy would take
advantage of the period to
carry out supply missions.
The professors, most of
whom are from the govern-
ment-run University of Saigon,
made no direct mention of the
National Liberation Front in
their statement. The NU' is
the political arm of the Viet-
cong and the South Viet-
namese government has stated.
repeatedly that it will not rec-
ognize It.
But the professors' appeal
was directed to "all Viet-
namese who have the responsi.
bility in this land not to for-
feit this precious opportunity
. . to sit together, to recog-
nize one another as Viet-
namese in order to find a for-
mula for peace based on the
supreme interest of the na-
tion."
On Jan. 10, a group of about
a dozen South Vietnamese in-
tellectuals released a six-paget
proposal calling for "the unifl-'
Dispa to hes �
cation of the National Libera-
tion front and the Republic of
Vietnam." Apparently fearful
of government reprh;als, the
drafters issued their statement
anonymously.
South Vietnam's* 17 Roman
Catholic bishops have also is-
sued a call for a start in nego-
tiating an end to the war. The
bishops said the Americans
should stop bombing North
Vietnam and that the North
Vietnamese should stop infil-
trating South Vietnam.
On the other side of the
issue, a group of 300 Roman
Catholic refugees who fled
from North Vietnam more
than a decade ago urged the
Saigon government to reject
any peace solutions initiated
by the United States. They
vowed to fight against any
government coalition that in-
cluded Communists.
WASHINGTON POST
24 January 1968 Pll
Giap's Hand
Seen in Reds'
DMZ Buildup
New York 0,05 Newe
SAIGON, Jan. 23�Gen. Wil-
liam C. Westmoreland, the
U.S. commander in Vietnam,
believes that North Viet-
namese Defense Minister Vs
Nguyen Giap, architect of the
fall of Dienbienphu, is person-
ally masterminding the Com-
munist buildup around the De-
militarized 2 o n e, it was
learned today.
At a top-level briefing, West-
moreland said that the tactical
movement and deployment of
Communist forces in and ar-
round the DMZ show Clap's
influence. Giap planned the
encirclement and capture of
Dienbienphu from the French
in May, 1964.
[In an interview with the
National Broadcasting Co.,
Westmoreland said today that
North Vietnam's 325C Divi-
sion, believed poised for a
major assault on the Marine
base at Khesanh Valley, has
"been preparing the battle-
field."
["By this, I mean building
underground shelters, cave
dugouts, positions for mortars
and Perhaps even artillery,
moving in supplies of ammuni-
tion and rice," Westmoreland
said, describing this as "a pre-
liminary step to an offen-
sive."]
NEW YORK TIMES 244116uary 1968 P4
Soviet Seeks to Rule the Seas,
U.S. Naval Chief in Europe Says
By MARTIN ARNOLD
'I le, 1mvie1, I!nion is striving
to heettine tho leading mari-
time pticver in the world, the
.firmander it Chief of the
1.1; ited Stales Naval Forces in
Lurope at-,,crted last night.
The commander, Achn. John
S. McCain Jr., said that the
Soviet effort "encompasses not
only the military uses of the
sea. bat al.-io those relating to
world politics, economics, corn-
rro tt11,1 lechnolog.y.'
leoch prepared for
the Edward R.
World Affairs Forum
0-.,eiseas Press Club, Ad-
miral ",.-leCain said that it was
app.: rcnt that the Soviet Union
was intere:ted in the economic
utdectial of the seas, "includ-
ing mirnim the. oceans' bottoms
for raw material."
The inergin,g of the various
uses of the maritime might�
militarily, econcinically and for
propaganda�was the major
theme of the admiral's speech
and oi1 art ea:lier news con-
feronce :it the club,
potential that the space race
has had."
As for naval military power,
the Soviet Union has about 350
submarines, 40 of them nuclear
powered, he said. The figures
coins as "a complete and un-
welcome surprise to most peo-
ple with whom I discuss the
subject." he added.
At the conference
earlier, Ite said that the United
States had 105 submarines, 30
of them nuclear powered. How-
ever, the American ships are
better constructed, maintained,
equipped and manned, he said,
The balance of naval power
is also in America's favor be-
cause the Soviet Union has no
aircraft carriers, Admiral Mc-
Cain said.
He said that he did not be-
lieve that recent Soviet naval
activity in the Mediterranean
"was a direct result of the
Israel-Arab war," but rather of
Spread of Soviet Presence long-range Soviet planning and
"ambition." He said that he
thought the Soviet Navy was
"in the area,to stay."
He did not know, he said,
whether the Soviet Union would
attempt to take over the naval
base at Meru-el-Kebir, in Wes-
tern Algeria, but he added that
"it's a magnificent base." The
French are expected to com-
plete their withdrawal from th(
base by the end of next month.
There are about 30 Soviet
vessels in the Mediterranean
including about two to four
submarines, he said.
"This presence of naval pow-
er gives the Arab nations z
feeling that they are gettiru
support in their problems," he
said.
He said in his speech that
the political function of Soviet
power scam to make the Soviet
preser,ce felt throughout the
world. "Modern Soviet trawl-
ers, fer instance," he said,
spreading each day more
widely over the high seas, sym
bonze for the rest of the world
the progress that it is possible
through Communism." '
�the Soviets now have
oceanographic and hydrgrap-
hie research vessels conduct-
ins research in every ocean
of the world." be added. "They
have navy submarines studying
our own coast. The race for
mastery of the seas has not
tardy these practical ramifica-
tions, but also the propaganda,
WASHINGTON POST 24
January 1968 P14
U.S. Renews Relations
With Greek Regime
Router.
ATHENS, Greeee, Jan. 23�
The United States tod ay
resumed normal diplomatic
relations with Greece. Obser-
vers here forecast other
NATO allies would soon fol-
low suit.
Ambassador Philips Talbot
called on Greek Foreign
Minister Panayotis Pipinelis
and later told reporters they
discussed world issues and
"serious problems which do
exist between the two coun-
tries."
It was the first official
meeting between Talbot and
a Greek Minister since
Premier George Papadopoulos
formed his government after
an unsuccessful December
counter-coup attempt by King
Constantine.
(In Washington, State De-
partment spokesman Robert
J. McCloskey told reporters
that the United States still
recognized Constantine as
5
chic( of state.
[It was learned that U.S.
officials made the King, now
in self-imposed exile in Rome.
"aware" of the intention to
resume relations. There was
no report on the King's at-
titude.
[McCloskey said the ques-
tion of resuming a full pro-
gram of military aid to Greece
'remains under review." After
army officers seized power
last April, Washington sus-
pended the shipment of major
military items.]
There was no indication
which country would be the
next to restore formal diplo-
matic contact. In London
Monday, informed so urc es
said Britain was likely to re.
some full. contacts soon.
The -United States never for-
mally broke relations with the
military regime but it inter-
rupted official contacts.
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BALTIMORE SUN
24 January 1968 P1
INDIA TO BUILD
ATOM PLANTS
WITHOUT AID
By ADAM CLYMER
ICJ., Della Butenu 01 Tile Sun)
Tarapur, India, Jan. 23�India
intends to build future nuclear
power stations without foreign
aid and thus avoid inspection
requirements, a senior official
said today.
Monindra N. Chakravarti, ad-
ministrator of the Tarapir
atomic power project which is
to go into operation late this
year, said the next project to
be started would be constructed
without foreign assistance, with
India dipping into its own tight
foreign exchange reserves for
necessary imports.
That project, involving two
200-megawatt reactors at Kal-
pakkam in Madras state, is
only beginning, with civil engi-
neering work undertaken but no
financing budgeted.
Second-Class Status
Chakarvarti's statement came
as New Delhi continued to re-
fuse comment on the draft nu-
clear non-proliferation treaty
produced last week in Geneva
by the United States and the
Soviet Union. Indian spokesmen
have complained in the past
that the Soviet-American ap-
proach to inspections relegates
other nations to second-class
status without promising effec-
tive nuclear disarmament.
According to a Reuters report
from Bonn, Chancellor Kurt
Georg Kiesinger said today the
West German Government could
not accept the United States-
Soviet draft treaty.
[Improvements introduced at
Geneva were not sufficient, Keis-
nger said, but West Germany
hoped that an acceptable text
could emerge from the present
draft.)
The pact is expected to be a
major topic of conversation tot-
er this week when Soviet Pre-
mier Alexei N. Kosygin meets
with Prime Minister Indira
Gandhi in New Delhi. Kosygin
is scheduled to arrive in New
Delhi Thursday for a visit of
five or six days.
Chakravarti, an enthusiastic
64-year-old administrator, noted
that inspection of this project,
India's first, is to be conducted
by the International Atomic
Agency, although India has
limited the nations from which
inspectors may come.
Second Project Under Way
A second nuclear power pro-
ject, under way with Canadian
help in Rajasthan state and
scheduled to go into operation
by 1971, is also subject to an
inspection agreement. That pact
involves strictly Canadian sup-
ervision.
He said another reason for
January 1968 P15
DISORDER TERMED
KOREAN REDS' AIM
Piccione Tee New York Times
WASHINGTON, Jan. 23 �
The North Korean Government
has been calling on world Com-
munists to create diversionary
problems that would turn Unit-
ed States energies away from
the war effort in Vietnam.
Figures made upublic by the
State Department today in-
dicated how this policy had
been carried out by the regime
in Pyongyang, the North Korean
capital:
In 1967, nearly 600 incidents
of violence, assaults and terror
were reported across the armis-
tice line between North and
South,Korea. The year before,
when North Korea had not
yet adopted the policy of di-
versionary tactics, the number
of incidents was 50.
Inflitration into South Korea
of armed agents by land and
by sea has been causing mount-
ing concern here. Measures to
defend South Korea were
understood to have been dis-
cussed by President Johnson
and President Chung Hee Park
in Australia last month, at the
time of memorial services for
the late Prime Minister Harold
Holt.
United States analysts said
North Korea had been striving
to maintain a policy of "mili-
tant neutralism" in the
world Communist movement,
siding neither with Peking nor
with Moscow in its definition of
policies that Communist parties
should follow.
This stance of ideological
neutrality, adopted late in 1966,
has been interpreted as an in.
direct gain for the Kremlin
in its campaign .to rally the
Communist movement against
Peking. Previously. the North
Korean party been openly' al-
lied with the Chinese Coot-
Ni( TORS 111114 24 January 1968 P18
Last Ara and Israeli Prisoners
Of War in June Are Exchanged
By JAMES FERON
Special tette New York Times
QANTARA. the United Arab
Republic, Jan_ 23�The last of
the prisoners captured in the
Arab-Israeli war returned home
munists.
When Mao Tae-tung's Cul-
tural Revolution took hold ity
China, the North Korean party
was one of the earliest to de-
nounce Peking's policy.
Meanwhile, the Soviet leader-
ship pursued a policy of court-
ing North Korea, sending high-
level trade and party delega-
tions to Pyongyang.
A trade . accord signed in
Moscow in October last year
provided for a "considerable
increase" in Soviet assistance
for the construction of fac-
tories and industrial complexes
in North Korea.
On policy toward the United
States, however, the North Ko-
reans spoke far more militantly
than the Russians, adopting the
rhetoric of Cuba.
A recent statement of this
attitude was given by Premier
Kim 11 Sung of North Korea
Dec. 16:
"All the Socialist countries
and anti-imperialists forces of
the whole world should form
the broadest possible anti-
American united from!, should
thoroughly isolate United States
imperialism and administer col-
lective blows to it in all regions
and on all fronts to which
United States imperialism
stretches its tentacles of ag-
gression," he said.
The emphasis on a "united
front" in North Korea's policy
separates that regime from the
Chinese Communists, who
scorn the notion of unity, but
the militancy is far in excess
of what the Soviet and Euro-
pean Communist regimes pro-
claim, in the view of United
States analysts here.
India's going it alone on the senior officials indicated a de-
Kalpakkam project was to lay of a Couple of months was
demonstrate its maturity in nit- likely. � � � . .
clear technology. He predicted Work has been slowed by an
that only a � fifth of the *cost investigation of fine, one-six-
would go into items which must teenth-inch cracks . which have
be bought abroad. developed :near- the: bottom of
His leadership of the Tirapur the huge; 6-inch-thick -pressure
project, about .60 miles north of shella Which house the two
Bombay, reduced the foreign reactors. These � uneroalained
exchange component of its costs cracks are similar to those
.from an initial 67 per cent to whicl.. have developed In a
about ,58 per cent But he con- reactor under construction near
ceded .that this :figure; along Morristown, .N.J., but are be-
with the 29 per cent he esti- Ileved to beless serious.
mated for Kalpakkam, has ig- However; ' loading of the en-
nored the element of foreign riche& uranium has�been de-
exchange in some equipment taped, and even if Work were
manufactured in India... � � resumed immediately it would
chakravarti announced that be at least a month. tiefor, the
these savings would also enable loading is possible. � � �
him 'seen .to -advise the Milted Nevertheless,' the prompt
States Agency for -International work on the project, . despite
Development that he would not labor troubles and some equip;
need 02,000,00. . or 13,000,000 of went seized by Pakistan during
Its original -180,090,000 ken.. the .1965 wu, is generally aired-
Some 85,000.CO0- Of- that has 41- ikett to. Chakravintil:efforte. Re
ready been canceler:Fes:casts arranged customs and imports
clearances and, through person-
' Re.said the 380-megawatt pro- at acquaintance � with may
ject here on the Arabian Sea ranking civil servants, has tit
would go Into - operation on vast: quantities of Indian red
schedtde in October: )3ut other tane.
6
today in final exchange across
the Suez Cans!.
Two motor launches flying
Red Cross flags shuttled across
the stilled waterway to ex-
change two Israeli�a pilot and
a navy man�for465 Egyptians,
including five generals.
A total of 4.481 Egyptian
prisoners captured in Sinai dur-
ing the six-day was last June
were returned, mostly in the
past 10 days, for II Israelis.
The last to cross this morn-
ing, at his own request, was
Maj. Gen. Sallah Yakut, the
ranking Egyptian officer, who
had been an artillery com-
mander in Sinai.
'The prisoners were the last
to be repatriated since the war.
A total of 574 Jordanians were
sent home within weeks of the
end of the conflict�and 335
Syrians were returned shortly
afterwards. Israel received, in
addition to the It from the
United Arab Republic, two pi-
lots from Iran, one from Syria
and one from Lebanon.
Included in the exchange to-
day was Abd el Hamid Moham-
med Bassin, the Egyptian con-
sul in Jordanian Jerusalem
before the war. He was re-
turned with his family. Mr.
Hassin had spent the seven
months in Atilt while his fam-
ily remained in the Old City
of Jerusalem.
Israeli officials have main-
tained silence on the reasons
for the seven-month delay in
exxchanging prisoners with the
United Arab Republic, but the
international committee of the
Red Cross and Egyptian reports
have said it was because of
Israeli insistence on getting
back political prisoners held in
prison in Cairo.
There was no information
available on whether such non-
military prisoners have been
returned. The exchange today,
the only one witnessed by
newsmen, included only mili-
tary prisoners and the Egyptian
consul and his family.
The deadlock was said to
have been broken by Dr. Gun-
nar V. Jarring last month as
part of his efforts to help Is-
rael and her Arab neighbors
find a peace formula.
On Jan. 1 Israel returned 500
Egyptian prisons and this was
followed by an announcement
that a complete exchange had
been arranged.
The rest of the Egyptian sol-
diers were returned in seven
days of exchanges beginning
Jan. 12.
CHICAGO TRIBUNE
24 January 1968 P6
China Identifies Yank
It Sags It Shot Down
HONG KONG, Jan. 23 (Reu-
tersl�Raditi Canton today said
an American, Robert Smith,
utai captured after his plane
Irma iftt down in Kwangtung
c:VISEt last August. It said
Saiitir was captured by farm-
ers as lie tried to escape thru
ahrebbeiry after parachuting
from his plane.
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CHICAGO TRIBUNE
24 JANUARY 1968
A DIRECT CHALLENGE
FROM THE REDS
Seizure early yesterday by North
Korean communist patrol vessels covered
by MIG fighters of a lightly armed United
States intelligence ship in international
waters is an act of piracy and. in ordinary
times, would amount to an act of war.
The U. S. S. Pueblo, carrying only two
.50 caliber Machine guns. surrendered
without firing and was escorted into the
Red port of Wonsan.
The United States says that the vessel,
with a crew of 83, was 20 miles offshore.
The communist account is that it was in
North Korean waters, bent on provoca-
tion. The Reds imply that it was on some
mission related to the invasion of the
South Korean capital of Seoul by 31 North
Korean terrorists, disguised as South
Korean civilians and soldiers. The group
killed a Seoul police official and six
civilians before it fled, leaving six infil-
trators dead and one a prisoner: The
prisoner said that the team hoped to kill
President Chung Hee Park and some of
his colleagues.
No American vessel had been seized or
the high seas for more than 100 years
before the present incident. Two questions
arise. The first is what the United States
government intends to do about it and
what forcible action it intends to take to
regain the ship and its crew. Supposediy
the usual, "stiff protest" is being formu-
lated, and the good offices, if any, of the
Soviet Union are being invoked, inasmuch
as the United States has no diplomatic
relations with communist North Korea.
It is predictable that neither course will
be fruitful. Then what? Given the spine-
lessness of successive administrations
since the days of President Truman in
dealing with Korea, little, if any, effective
action would seem in the making. The
\hilted States will have suffered humilia-
tkm at the hands of a country it could
Squash like a bug.
The second question is whether this out-
imeous communist act portends a major
goread of hostilities on the Asiatic main-
land. The United States is deeply corn-
Iiitted in Viet Nam, where half a million
ground troops are in a protracted war with
the North Vietnamese Communists. The
provocation from North Korea comes at a
time when our forces are stretched this.
If North Korea and Red China are con-
templating some kind of pincers operation
which would require us to resume fighting
in Korea while we are tied down in Viet
Nam, the squeeze would be on us. The
purpose of such an adventure would be to
relieve pressure on North Viet Nam and
the Viet Cong guerrillas. The gamble
could be taken only on a communist
assumption that our government's rec-
ord of pusillanimity in dealing with the
Korean Communists would guarantee an-
other round of what Gen. Douglas
MacArthur called 'the "stalemated attri-
tion" of the Korean war of 1950-53.
The indecisiveness of Washington 15 and
more years ago is still catching up with
on. and the ungainly chickens of that
fainthearted policy are coming home to
roost. We relied then, as our government
hopes to do now with North Viet Nam, on
the formula of "negotiations." White we
were tied down at the conference table
with the North Korean Reds, two-thirds of
our total casualties in the Korean war
were incurred.
We settled at length for an "armistice"
which has never produced a peace and has
led to innumerable communist violations
on almost every day since. Must we now
be forced to learn all over what Mac-
Arthur knew no well�that "there t. no
substitute for victory"? He prophosied
that "by meeting naked force with
appeasement we would not only perpetrate
tibITORIALS �
WASHINGTON POST
24 JANUARY 1968
A Challenge to Candor . . .
The naval kidnaping of the USS Pueblo by four
North Korean torpedo boats is almost too bizarre
to be believed. We know that it was engaged in so.
phisticated electronic espionage, close to the North
Korean coast, but in international waters, according
to the United Stales account. But we don't know
why it was unescorted, and under-armed, or why,
even so, it did not even try to resist. Above all, we
don't know why the North Koreans picked this
moment for so provocative a piece of brigandage.
Not knowing these things, the soundest course
is probably not to leap to conclusions, especially
when we also don't know what efforts are being
niade to extricate the vessel and its 83-man crew.
The Administration is entitled to a decent interval
even when the outward evidence points to bungling
on a major scale.
That much said, the Administration must realize
that public tolerance in this country for the unex-
plained and the Inexplicable Is wearing thin, as
is public patience with the growing evidence of a
rising challenge to our security interests through-
out the Asian world. A public which � was lied to
over the U-2, confused, if nothing else, by the
Tonkin Gulf, and misled, to say the least, in the
affair of another intelligence ship attacked by the
Israelis last year, cannot be satisfied or reassured
by the same old cOverups.
This is all the more imperative, given the impact
this incident is likely to have on nerves already
frayed and positions already hardening. Those who
see this country as over-extended In Asia, and
around the world, will find further argument for
withdrawal and retrenchment from confrontation
with communism. Those who see in our policies
of limited war a humiliation and a senseless In-
hibition will find further argument for a harder
line and stiffer measures all across the board.
Already there is evidence of these tendencies
in reaction to the seizure of the Pueblo. While
some Senators cried out against a virtual act of
war, others claimed vindication of their view that
we are over-extended in a world policeman's role.
As Communist pressures continue to 'pile up in
Vietnam along the highlands and across the Demili-
tarized Zone, in neighboring Laos, and in Thai-
land, a new Korean crisis can only operate to accen-
tuate the extremes.
It is important to keep our cool until we know
more. But this makes it no less important that we
be told more�and more that is believable�alout
so bizarre and unbelievable an incident.
NEW YORK TIMES
24 JANUARY 1968
The Pueblo Incident
Remembering the Gulf of Tonkin, Americans would
be wise to keep cool and not leap to conclusions�as
some members of Congress have already done�about
the North Korean capture of the American naval intelli-
gence ship Pueblo yesterday.
Whatever the facts may prove to be, the incident
does present, as the White House has observed, "a
very serious situation." Such a situation must not be
dealt with in passion, for it could lead to a sharp and
dangerous new escalation of the Asian war.
If the ship was taken on the high seas, as American
spokesmen assert, and not inside North Korean terri-
torial waters, an act of piracy has been committed for
which there must be prompt restitution. The State
Department has moved expeditiously and properly to
seek such restitution through diplomatic channels.
The search for satisfaction by diplomatic means must
be pursued to the limit.
But if the American vessel did penetrate Northi
Korean waters�as American ships were tardily
acknowledged to have penetrated waters claimed by
North Vietnam prior to the Tonkin incidents--the
United States Government must bear at least a share
of the responsibility for what has happened. The Con-
gress and the public ought to be sure of their facts
before they judge.
In any case, somebody needs to explain to the
American people why a lightly armed vessel, presuma-
bly crammed with sensitive intelligence equipment,
Was cruising unprotected in obviously hostile waters
and, especially, why it was allowed to fall intact into
hostile hands.
WASHINGTON POST
24 JANUARY 1968
... Against a Grim Background
North Korea had been rumbling for months be-
fore its seizure of the USS Pueblo yesterday. Just
a day earlier, a band of its soldiers was intercepted
in Seoul. bound, apparently, to assassinate South
Korea's President. Through 1967, raids across the
Demilitarized Zone increased- sharply and Pyong-
yang began dispatching spy and guerrilla teams
south to stir up trouble and test popular support.
Behind this policy of provocation, it seems, is a
marked shift left, an abandonment of North Korea's
earlier willingness to hold the line and to count
on time to ease American forces out of South Korea
and create better prospects for "reunification."
Perhaps North Korea was dismayed by economic
progress in the South, or encouraged by political
unrest there. Perhaps it figured to exploit Amer-
ican preoccupation with Vietnam, or to help Hanoi
by cooking up a diversion. These disparate factors
CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER
20 JANUARY 1968 (24)
Defense Choke
As the new secretary of defense, Clark
M. Clifford will be following one of the
toughest acts in defense history. Clifford
has been named to succeed Robert S. Mc-
Namara.
In the Pentagon hot seat, Clifford will
need all the political savvy and Washington
expertise he has picked up in nearly 20
years as an adviser to presidents and liai-
son man of sure-footed abilities.
He is regarded as morc of a brain-
trusting political strategist and philosopher
than as a back-slapping political operator.
A former Navy officer and an emissary
of President Johnson to Asian nations, in-
cluding Vietnam, Clifford should be able to
establish quick rapport with his military
associates. His long experience in politics
should be helpful in his relationship with
Congress.
An important credential is that he is
MeNamara's choice as his successor. When
confirmed, he will face the greatest chal-
lenge of his 'career and his success is of vi-
tal importance to the nation,
military disaster in Korea but would en-
able communism to make its bid for tient
of Asia." Events have proved that he
could not have been more right.
1-E
have a common direction: toward heating up Korea
again.
Aspects of American policy, meanwhile, have
had an opposite meaning. By depleting its two di.
visions in Korea for the sake of Vietnam, and by
moving to harden defenses at Korea's DMZ, Wash-
ington has signalled an intention to keep Korea
cool. But North Korea has Publicly ignored the
first signal and distorted the second. It has �de-
nounced the United States for allegedly sponsoring
espionage and subversion in the North, and
sounded ever shriller warnings of an imminent
American invasion.
Whether the North Koreans have misread our
signs or swallowed their own propaganda, they ob-
viously are in d tough, expectant frame of mind.
And if evidence is lacking of an intent to again in-
vade the South, there can be little doubt that North
Korea is ready to accept the risk of another war. In
Its own words, repeated through the winter, "danger
of a new war breaking out at any time in Korea is
growing as the days go by."
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NEW YORK TIMES .24 ..JANUARY
The Road to De;escala
Hanoi's harsh public response to President Johnson's
stand on *peace talks does nothing to advance hope for
a negotiated settlement-Aff,the Vietnam war.
Judging by what ti-sr.fie'en. said publicly on both
sides, rejection by North Vietnam of Washington's
latest approach was predictable. In the President's
San Antonio speech lastSeptember and in other-official
. statements the Administration had..appeared to offer
an unconditional bombircg.liitlt in return only for assur-
ances that such a move would lead 'promptly to pro-
ductive discussions." But then Mi. Johnson appeared
to tighten his terms in-the State of. the Union address
when he insisted the otlier side "must not take advan-
tage of our restraint as theihave in the past," adding:
"This nation simply cannot accept anything less with-
nit jeopardizing the lives of our Men and our allies."
There have been indications, however, that in private
contacts with Hanoi, Washington's' position may not
have been .so inflexible as it has, appeared in public.
It has been reported in The Times Of London that the
President privately is no longer insisting on some form
.of de-escalation by North Vietnam, The British news-
paper's Washington correspondent says that the phrase
"not take advantage" of a .bombing halt does not
require the North Vietnamese to reduce their military
infiltration but only that they not increase the level of
men and supplies flowing into the South. In return,
the United States reportedly has indicated a willing-
ness not to send reinforcements of its own to South
Vietnam.
� if this report truly reflects the American position as
it has been conveyed by secret emissaries to North
Vietnam, Hanoi's intransigent response supports the
theory that the North Vietnamese are not really inter-
ested in peace talks at this time but are deliberately
stalling until after the Presidential election in the
United States�which would be a very foolish thing
for them to do.
Considering the record safar, there is something to
be said for the recent charge by the Secretary General
of the United Nations that both sides have been guilty
. of "simplistic" demands in their approach to negotia-
tions. Mr. Thant repeated his long-standing plea that
the United States, as the overwhelmingly superior
power, take an essential first step by halting the bomb.
ing unconditionally. By such forthright action could
the Johnson Administration dispel worldwide doubt:
about its aims and put Communist intentions to the test.
WALL STREET JOURNAL
24 JANUARY 1968
Republicans charged that the Johnson Ad.
ministration has prolonged the Vietnam war by
vacillation and lacks imagination to solve prob.
lows of housing and jobs at home. The accusa-
tions came from eight Senators-and nine Con-
gressmen in an hour-long reply on CBS to Pres-
ident Johnson's State of the Union Message.
Former President Eisenhower, introducing the
speakers, said new directions "are required to
preserve and strengthen our tree system.'
WASHINGTON STAR
23 JANUARY 1968 (24)
Hanoi's Answer
The President, In his State of the
Union address Wednesday night, took a
somewhat harder line in � discussing
peace talks in Vietnam. He gave this
version of the San Antonio formula,
stated last September: (1) The bombing
would stop If talks would take place
promptly and with reasonable hopes
they would be productive. (2) And the
other side "must not" take advantage of
our restraint as they have in the past.
.. What the President said Wednesday
,night, however, was not quite the same
thing he said in San Antonio last Sep-
tember � and this remains true despite
adrainistration contentions to the con-
trary. The second point set forth in San
Antonio was that "we would assume"
that Hanoi would not take advantage
of the bombing halt. There obviously is
a difference between that and saying
that Hanoi 'must not" take such ad-
vantage.
Senator Robert Kennedy evidently
thinks so. for he said, after the Presi-
dent's speech: "We have said publicly
that we want negotiations but when we
set the conditions we are asking for un-
conditional surrender." This, of course,
Is" wild exaggeration if it was a refer-
ence to the tic) presidential soeeches.
For, while there was a difference be-
tween what Mr. Johnson said in Septem-
ber and what he said in January; neith-
er of these speeches, nor any other
statement of his, can fairly be classed
as a call for unconditional surrender.
The latest word from Hanoi, how-
ever, seems to make any debate over
what the President said or did not say
largely academic. An article in Nhan
Dan, the official North Vietnamese
newspaper, elected to treat the Wednes-
day night statement as a reiteration of
the San Antonio formula. Even so, the
State of the Union comment was reject-
ed out of hand is an "habitual trick"
loaded with "insolent conditions." So
why should anyone hope for meaningful
negotiations, despite the December 29
statement that there "will" be talks if
the bombing and all.other acts of war
against North Vietnam are halted?
Incidentally, a very strange footnote
was appended to the Nhan Dan article.
It said that 365,000 allied troops had
been "Wiped out" in 1967. Hanoi certain-
ly knows that this Is untrue. So why
publish the statement? Is morale in
North Vietnam so bad that it has to be
reinforced by invention of the .Most ex-
travagant sort? �
NEW YORK NEWS
24 JANUARY 1968
LET'S JUST FORGET TET
Tel is Vietnamese for the lunar New Year's Day, Tan.
30�which both sides in the Vietnam war have planned to
celebrate with a 48-hour ceasmfire.
Our side rut it to 36 hours a day or two ago. We'd
like to ask, though: Why any .Tet cease-fire at all?
An estimated 40,000 Red .North Vietnamese troops are
in South Vietnam's two northern provinces and the Demili-
tarized Zone. Gen. William G. Westmoreland, in a TV in-
terview shown Monday night, said
Why Have Any he believes this foreshadows a big
Cease-Fire? Red offensive.
North Vietnam boss Ho Chi
Minh, explained the U.S. fielcicommander, could use a fat
propaganda victory just now, and such an offensive might
get it for him. Why not, then; junk any plans for a cease-
fire at Tet time?
Of course, this hardboiled realism on our part would
displease such doves as Sens. Bobby Kennedy and Willie
Fulbright. But when American' fighting men's lives are
involved, it seems wise to give little if any weight to the
views of the doves. Defeatism seldom conserves lives.
2-E
DEW
YORK
NEWS
24
JAN
1968
KANSAS CITY STAR 19 JAN. (24)
WATCHING AND WAITING �
ON VIETNAM'
TIIE administration has not :yet.cheeked out all the angles of Hanoi' recent peace
hints. We must assume, therefore, the'
the passibility of a major and affirmative Ashen-
rod reaclion still exists. It is not beyond question
that this reaction might come in connectmn with
the, January so obtervance of Tet?:fhe lunar nrw
rear. �
Late last year the South Vietnamese govern-
ment announced it plans to observe a .1a-hour
cease-fire Miring Tel. In spitraf the viol's' shat.
tcying of the January ; cea,eflre hy..the.,Cninnwi-
nists: we have heard sire definite'Plans to rat'
off the Tel moratorium. Thu.. ,sc'wouid assume
that in the next in days or so, the fines of com-
munication with Hanoi�such as they are�will
be -busy with communications of continued ex-
ploration.
Mr. Johnson said as much in his state-of-the-
Union message the other night. He said also that
he would report as soon at possible on the results
if his explorations. It is imperative that be do on,
whatever the results. For the purpose of healing
the differences inside our nation and of convinc-
ing its critics abroad, the U. S. cannot repeat-ton
molly times its hasic approa, ho Vietnam. mr.
Johnson said it again Wednesday night and in
unmistakable terms: "Our coal is peace�and
peace at the earliest possible moment."
In. the same tones he emphasized�and Ibis,
too, was necessary�that the L. S. is resolute and
that aggression will not prevail. The point is by
no means incompatible with the statement of
our goal: Peace.
INDEED, once his exploration -is concluded,
.i. once he is ready to report to the petilt:e., Mr.
Johnson may have�if he chooses to take it�the
opportunity to demonstrate once more that the
Iwo courses�the search for peace. the persever-
ance in war�are nnt incompatible. In so doing,
he. could lake the initiative in a convincing
American effort Inc bring the conflict to ad hon.
ofahle conelusinn.
It will not tat ...Sy Is niasc thc decision. There
is, moreover. a na�ural pitfall ahead: If Wash.
agton expects overly explicit answers to its
luestions, it may be disappointed and it may dr.
tide that the risk of a bombing pause�beyond
he cease-fire of Tet�is Inn great. If it recognizes
hat in a complex and uneasy situation between
earring nations, explicitness is not always pass].
lie in advance, it may decide that the risk
should be taken.
The Star is among those who have suggested,
in view of the recent statements finm Hanoi by
way of Paris, that such a risk may be necessary.
Chi the very night of the President's report to the
naiion, there mat a further attempt at clarifica-
tion of the North Vietnamese pnsitinn. And it
seems to us that in a limited sense. Sir. John-
son's remarks further clarified the American po-
sition.
-That being the case, the chess game continues,
and the administration needs and properly is
taking tirne to plan its next move. The der:sion,
once made. could he the first step lowarrl that
"really true cease-fire" to which the President
referred. Or it could erase the faint edge ol hope
that has appeared in recent days and plunge a
troubled nation back into the reality of this
frightening but necessary war. And Lyndon
Johnson's ultimate report on the matter�prom-
ised Wednesday night�may. be the most impor-
tant of his hectic years in office.
EFFECTS OF A NON-VICTORY
The Korean Wan paused some year ago, with Korea
still divided between the Red north and the civilized south,
and a lot of U.S. troops tied down in the south to deter
another invasion from the north.
Korean Now, northern Reds have sneaked Into
Seoul, South Korea's capital, intent on mur-
Flareup
dering President Park Chung Lee (though
they didn't succeed); and a U.S. patrol boat has been
grabbed by North Korean patrol vessels in the Sea of Japan.
Secretary of State Dean Rusk calls the latter incident
"a matter of utmost gravity," while Sen. Richard B. Russell
(D-Ga.) says it amounted to an act of war.
Thus festers the, open sore from which we suffer in
Korea, where we neglected to win a war we could have
won. Do we want to contract another suet' Asian sore by
neglecting to win the Vietnam war?
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vi.Louis POST-DISPATCH 20 JAN (2141111 WARHINGTON NEW5 23 JAIOY 1968 (24)
Vietnamese Scandal
Alyem York Times dispatch from Saigon
gives some significant and little-knrovn facts
about education in Vietnam, a subject that
undoubtedly is downgraded in the face of more
sensational events. But of all South Vietnam's
unsolved social problems, none is likely to have
more serious consequences than the failure of
the South Vietnamese to educate their own
people.
This is the view of many informed Viet-
namese and Americans, and needless to say
it does not conform to the rosy official line.
It is believed that the children of the rural
and urban poor, possibly 90 per cent of the
population, now have less chance than ever
before, of getting an adequate education�and
there is nothing a Vietnamese parent wants
snore for his children than education.
One can easily excuse this scandalous state
of affairs by saying that education is one of
the casualties of war. But is it? In the insecure
countryside the Viet Cong guerrillas are earn-
ing the gratitude of the peasants by making a
serious effort to teach children to read and
write. And are they at the -same time indoc-
trinating them in the principles of the class
struggle? Of course, and in the long run it
will pay the Viet Gong well.
It may be conceded that the Saigon regime
has its problems. Teachers have been mur-
dered or frightened away by the guerrillas.
But even in secure areas not enough is done.
It is said there are no classrooms for 70,000
elementary school pupils in Saigon itself. Only
about half of Vietnamese children are even
. enrolled in the first grade, and of these only
about a third complete the first three grades:
one in 200 completes the equivalent of high
school.
The truth appears to be that the Saigon re-
gime does not really want to improve the situa-
tion. The rich do not pay their taxes so there
is little money for education. The regime con-
tinues to conscript teachers on the plea of
manpower needs, while tens of thousands of
young men whose .parents are well-to-do con-
tinue to evade the draft. Replacement teachers
are in many cases inadequately trained women.
The United States is spending 20 million dollars
annually to help�building classrooms that in
10 per cent of the cases remain empty because
there are no teachers and printing textbooks
that pile up in warehouses.
The penalty of this shocking situation will
come in the next few years, when the battered
Vietnamese people try to pull themselves to-
gether. Will the Communists emerge as the
educated and hence the ruling class? This may
be the reward of their foresightedness, and the
penalty of Saigon's venality.
Missing Megatonage
SoME of our bombs are missing.
This tinie maybe four, maybe more,
apparently are beneath the frigid wa-
ters of North Star Bay near the Thule
Base in Greenland. They disappeared
when the B-52 bomber that was car-
rying them cracked up.
The Defense Department again an-
nuances that the frightfully powerful
hydrogen bombs were unarmed -so
there is no danger of a nuclear explo-
sion at the crash site."
We heard approximately the same
thing when another bomber accident off
Spain dumped one of these mass killers
into the sea. Then the Pentagon couldn't
do enough quickly enough to find and
salvage it � maybe from the Russians.
That accident off Spain cost millions
of dollars in salvage expense, and in
damages of farmers in the area.
It is fervently to be hoped that in the
new case there actually is no danger
from this threatening megatonage un-
der the sea. -
As long as our bombers, carrying hy-
drogen weapons, must continue to pa-
trol the skies as part of our defense
again.d sneak attack, such accidents as
those off Spain and over Greenland can
be expected. That's'.a price we pay for
our national security..
Aral yet, as we pay the pride and take
the risk, can anyone help but pray for
the day then nuclear weapons every-
where shall be prohibited and peace,
without patrolling bombers, reigns on
this earth?
SAN DIEGO UNION
17 JANUARY 1968 (24)
Feeling the Draft �
The most encouraging news to come
from the attorney genevaPs office in
recent weeks is the intelligence that
prosecutions of persono. who violate
.Selective Service laws is 011 the in-
crease.
There were n42 convictions for viola-
lions of draft laws last year, an in-
crease of 78 per cent over De.
The number of convictions still is a,
far cry from the total needed to solve
the growing problem. But it may be
the harbinger of a welcome trend.
It is. high time that persons who
deliberately seek to evade their paint.
�otic responsibilitlts feel the strongest
draft the full force of law can invoke
WASHINGTON NEWS
23 JANUARY 1968 (24)
Blowing It
in Cambodia
WASHINGTON STAR
23 JANUARY 1968 ( 24)
Toward Nuclear Sanity
A SCANT two weeks ago Prince Si-
hanouk and U.S. envoy Chester Bowles
solemnly pledged to. renew efforts to
keep the flames of scar out of Cambo-
dia. Mr. Bowles said the U.S. had "no
desire or intention- to violate
Cambodian territory and would "do ev-
erything possible" to avoid intrusions.
Sihanouk said he would prevent "all"
violations, privately translated as com-
munist violations.
Then the backsliding began. Because
Russia growled at him, Sihanouk back-
tracked on his pledge to seek the
strenghtening of the International Con-
trol Commission that is charged with
spotting incursions. And Sihanouk's
propaganda apparatus resumed hailing
Cambodia's support to "the Vietnamese
people's struggle against C.S. imperial-
ism."
Meanwhile, U.S. Assistant Secretary
of State William P. Bundy was interp-
reting the "agreement" as permitting
-the right of self-defense," which by
any other name would be "hot pursuit"
of communist forces by American
troops over the border.
"If the other side creates a situation
where our self-defense arises... said Mr.
Bundy, "we will have to weigh the situ-
ation'very carefully."
Sure enough, last Thursday a mixed
U.S.-South Vietnamese force, engaged
in a firefight, crossed inicTCambodia
territory. Three Cambodians were re-
ported killed, plus two Americans and
four Vietnarnese.
Within two weeks the "reciprocal res-
pect, comprehension and good faith"
the Sihanouk-Bowles c o m in it
purred about has been blown sky high.
Point One, it seems to us. is that if the
Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army
were not using Cambodian territory as
a rear area and sanctuary there would
be no need to talk about hot pursuit or
self-defense. Sihanouk's one-sided "neu-
trality" makes the situation worse.
Point Two is that Thursday's bloody
incident undermines any' confidence in
the Johnson Administration's word that
it would like to see a political settle-
ment of the Cambodian border problem
and that it seeks no wider battlefield. Of
the 12,600 hamlets in South Vietnam,
3989 are regarded as Viet Cong-
3-E
The Soviet Union and the United
States, in an extraordinary example of
diplomatic bargaining, have finally
filled in the blank to complete a draft
treaty designed to halt the further
spread of nuclear weapons. It took seven
years of hard, and at times discouraging.
negotiating, but in the final accounting,
both sides realized that ideological dif-
ferences were secondary to the lighten-
ing of the shadow of nuclear terror.
� The first draft of the treaty was
presented to the 17-nation disarmament
conference in Geneva last August 28 in
a form essentially the same as now �
with one major exception. At that time
Article III, the section dealing with in-
ternational controls, was left blank. And
until the wording of that key provision
could be agreed upon, all the high
Sounding phrases of the treaty were vir-
tually meaningless.
Now, despite the dangerously divisive
Issue of Vietnam, the two powers have
agreed on the key section and have
named the International Atomic Energy
Agency as the body with over-all control
over safeguards. In addition, changes
have been made in the wording of the
treaty designed to meet objections
raised by such non-nuclear powers as
Sweden, West Germany, Italy, Israel,
Egypt, Japan and India.
But with the completion of Article
III, even assuming that the major reser-
vations of the nuclear have-nots have
been met, the treaty still cannot fulfill
the yearnings of mankind for freedom
from the fear of nuclear devastation.
So Icing as two of the world's five atomic
powers�France and Mainland China�
refuse to join the pact, the shadow will
remain.
President Johnson has hailed the
new draft as "a landmark In the effort
of mankind to avoid nuclear disaster."
And so it Is; a landmark, not the
achievement of a goal. The only true
safeguard against the madness of nu-
clear war remains the ultimate sanity
of the leaders whose fingers rest on the
triggers of annihinition
dominated. Why not attend to that busi-
ness and stay out of Cambodia?
To crank up the IC(' was regarded as
a long-shot hope anyway, taking several
months at best. It is touch and go. in-
volving Britain and Russia, as Geneva
Conference co-chairmen, and India, Po-
land and Canada as ICC members. With
the latest blowup on the border, the
odds just went UP.
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BALTIMORE SUN-211. JANUARY 1968.
HeanwItile- . �.
orcourse Vietnam. And
Mitinwhile; in Korea- and off the
coast' of Korea, two incidents, fol-
lowing.-on a series of --lesser inci-
dent's .in recent weeks, suggest a
new upsurge of Communist pushi-
ness in that part of Southeast Asia.
A terrdi grdOp �sell-identified, in a
bizarrely-detailed statenmet by one
of its captured members, as a mis-
sion to assassinate South � Korean
President Chung- Lee Park, just .
fails of its purpose. And a United
-States-ship-described by Secretary
Husk' as "a small United States
naval- vessel' and by Korth.Karea
as a t'spy boat'' is seized off the
Korth Karean�mainland.
Whether these: occurrences are
coordinated in any way within a-
general policy of terrorism and:
provocation, na one can say. Nor
is it possible to guess the extent, if-
any, to. which they fit into a gen-
eral Southeast-- Asian pattern- of
Communist strategy. The one thing
sure is' that' they serve as a sharp
reminder that Vietnam is not the
only place that has to be- watched.
in Asia and elsewhere, and-not the
only region where 'a deeper Ameri-
. van. involvement might suddenly be
required,
CHICAGO TRIBUNE
21t JANUARY 1968
THE REVOLUTIONARIES
AT HARVARD. .�
Our guest editorial today is an excerpt
from the annual report of President
Nathan Pusey of Harvard university, He
discusses his difficulties with student revo-
lutionaries and says that bringing them
back to reality presents "a new kind of
challenge" to educators.
Harvard has been no tolerant of revolu-
tionaries in recent years that President
Pasty's criticism of them comes as a
surprise. It is also surprising to find him
describing the problem as a new one.
Thomas Jefferson dealt with it in a letter
to his grandson, warning him against dis-
putes with students.
Jefferson advised his grandson to keep
aloof from them "as you would froes. the
infected subjects of yellow fever or pesti-
lence. Consider yourself, when with them,
as among the patients of Bedlam, needing
medical care more than moral eounsel.
Be a listener only, keeping within yourself
the habit of silence, especially on politics
. . . no good can ever result from any
attempts to set one of these fiery zealots
to rights, either in fact or principle. They
are determined as to the facts they wilt.
believe, and the opinions on which -they
win :set. Oct by them, therefore, as you
would by an angry bull: it is not for a
.m.0 of sense to dispute the road with
'such an animal."
We are indebted to the Washington Post
editorial page for resurrecting this Jeffers
sonian wisdom and are glad to pass it
on to President Pusey. Maybe it will help-
his admissions officers to screen out some
of-the crackbrained types.
CHICAGO TRIBUNE.
24 JANUARY 1968'
Guest Editorial
T11E;SEyOLUTIONARIES- AT NARVANII
President Nathan Pusey !
of Harvard :university. ..Lin :his .
annual report, recalled "the. an.
precedented� intemperate stu.
dont behavior" �in 191i1i. when
Darvard students blneked the,
car of Secretary Of � Defense
MeNainara.��.'a n cl "something
very like a slate of siege" in
I1tt7. when students' prevented
a Dow 'Chemical von- any �re.
cruiser 'from leaving the office.
where he was interviewing. Mr.
Plisey's report .continues:
"I wish I might assure you,
we have now left .this kind of.
difficulty behind, but. it may'
Well be sve have nat. Perhaps�
.the most objectionable feature
of such disturbances. is the
'sheer wastage of time they 'oc-
casion with inv ascertainable,
offsetting edueational.ar other.
kind -a benefit' nuts., beyond'
that. I find it 'Painful: t'o.accept
In , Harvard. Men' either' such.
'behavior or the. reasons., now
being given by some of their'
contemporaries .in Justification
of It:"' �
"lam not speaking' here of
students who are 'sincerely con.
veined about ,the war or mho
choose on participate in orderly
protests for whatever reason,
but rather only of a small.;
group of overeager young in
evidence on many campuses in
recent years who feel they,
have a special calling to re-
deem society..
"One gets a picture of this.
kind from the publications
CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER 18 JANUARY 1968 ( 210
Air the Skipper's Transfer
There is" enough confusion surrounding.
the. transfer of Capt. Richard G. Alexander
from cornthand of the battleship New
Jersey to- was-rant a public hearing by* the
house' Armed Serviceg Committee.
Alexander is the man who fised a
strong statement of dissent against re-
-moire' of Lt: Cmcir, Marcus A. Arnheiter
ea COmmander of the destroyer' Vance, The
rembval was ordered by a board of four
'achnirals. Alexander differed with their
deck-ion. �
By strange coincidence, it was an-
nouneed shortly after that Alexander, who
liadf been designated tio be skipper of the
New Jergey when it is removed from the
Mothball fleet, instead Would. be assigned
Vs' desk job irc Boston. �
When a�Wave of criticism of. the Navy's
poor judgment broke, Navy Secretary Paul
R. Ignatius announced that Capt. Alexan-
der hid. asked- for the transfer. �
' Since Competent Navy men do not pre-
fer desk jobs' to sea duty, -the public's in-
ference is that Alexander's loyalty has
prompted him to get the Navy off the
hook' by permitting his superiors to quote
hint as asking for the transfer.
Rep. Joseph -Y. Resnick, D-N.Y., is
inking � those contending that Alexander
Was forced to request reassignment be-
cause had offended the admirals. Res-
nick is pressing for the House hearing.
If Aleitander is not being punished for
expressing his view ,of the. Arnheiter case,
the Navy has nothing to fear from an open
'hearing. It should be pleased to have the
public's curiosity about both ellen satis-
fied. � �
As of now, -the general belief is that
the Navy infringed on Alexander's' rights-
and then Compounded the infringeMent�by
BALTIMORE SUN 24
Diplomacy, One Kind
Since King Constantine's absence
from Athens seems likely to have
an indefinite duration, the United
States has resumed "normal diplo
matic contacts" with the effective
Government of Greece. Such
language is evoked by the circum-
stance that relations had never
been actually broken: on the.argu-
ment that its ambassador was- ac-
credited to' the chief of state,
meaning Constantine, the United
States could refrain from a formal
rupture of relations and still not
signify approval of the junta that
seized power in last April's coup.
That's the way diplomacy works,
up to a point. �
In the decision now to recognize
the junta, for that is what it
amounts to, we see diplomacy
working in another and less subtle
way. The view that' diplomatic
recognition need not ,irnply ap-
JANUARY 1968
,they-'Pas about. ernOrit them
selves - on" various campuses
For thets ,icameos
Mich as the: onn. we' reeently
experienced � are seen as st
many battles in -a great .revcilu
tionary ivar, they hope and
fondly* imagine' is already Aak
ins 'shunt', Their argument.
start wifh � the as!iurnptibo
which-they invariably tail Diet
:analysis,' I hat "v. estern ' ..o
niety, and- especially -American,
society, is rottun thru,and Ora
-and that, 'this -beine..so.-: ail a
sensible. person ' can ..do � it -to
wish for and- to. do- whatever-
he can to hasten: its demise.-
- "Moving on in their 'analy-�
they 'see, oar-- universities,
as having been taken over by
the business and . military es.
tablishrde.nts �stack. -.and
barrel. In their eyes 'these in-.
stitutions ' have, as a' cense...
queace,,forfelted their right to
respect and-what � they 'call.
legitimacy., and have .there-
fore becoMe�� fair game: They
should be brought low- br
lence or � by . any.' 'effective,
means; the sooner the: better.
� -For, they say. 'our universi�
ties � are now devoted to -the
� present and future, oppression
and domination of the people
of the world � both in Viet
Nam and in our urban. ghettos.'
"Obviously they live- in a,
world of fantasy. But let me.
quote a little more: 'The social,
'order we are rebelling against
[that is, ours in the United'
States] Is totalitarian. manipu�
lative.i. repressive. and aisti-
�
democratic.' One of them asks,
for example. ''Who among. Os
today would argue that Ameri-
ca is ass an' imperialist power?'
And they go on to say that
.'within ' this order of domina,
tion, to respect.' and operate
within the realm of bourgeois
civil liberties is to remain en-
slaved."
"Such is the kind of bet:lg.
proval of a regime is permitted to
prevail. It is permitted to prevail
in this case because its Washing-
ton's opinion our own interests"are
served by having it prevail. .
No one can observe with pleasure'
the character of the Athens junta,
or appiaud the manner in which
the junta suppresses ordinary dem-
ocratic freedoms, including those
of speech and press. No, indeed.
But the situation is.awfully �com-
plicated. Greece is .a member of
NATO (as is also Turkey, which
recognized the junta last Saturday).
More than that. Greece is one of
the keys to the waters of the east-
ern Mediterranean, where Russia
is busily engaged in trying to estab-
lish itself as a power.
And on we find ourselves in alli-
ance with yet one more regime
We would really in our hearts pre-
fer net to sit down. to dinner with,
persuading a competent skipper to say
that he had asked transfer from. i battle-
ship command to a desk job. � '
' Resnick says this is a "barefaced
fairy tale." The Navy. says it Is not. Only
an airing will determine which is right.
The House committee should get moving.
crest nonsense with which.
many college faculties and,
deans are now confronted thru.
some few students in' many.
places ..who apparently have
convinced themselves that,
while 'making' such statements,,
they are � seeing the world
:whole and speaking truth. Safe-
:within the 'sanctuary of an or-
dered -society. dreaming 'of
glory � Walter Mittys of the
left l'or are 'they left?!, theY
play at being revotutionarici
and, fancy themselves rising to
positions of command atop the
debris as the structures of so-
ciety come crashing down.
Bringing 'students of. this per-
suasion back to reality-presents,
a new kind of challenge to
education, to faculty certainly,
but especially, and with painful
Immediacy, perhaps, to dean."
WALL STREET
JOURNAL
24 JANUARY 1968
The LLB. boycott of the Greek regime was
ended with the "resumption of normal diplo-
matic contacts." The decision, in abeyance
since the military Junta crushed King Constan-
tine's December countercoup. was conveyed to
the Greek government in Athena by U.S. Arn-
baeaador Phillips Talbot. The U.S., following
Turkey, became the amend NATO nation to
give de facto recogniUon to the colonels run-
ning Greece, also an alliance member.
�
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� �
FEATURES COLUMNISTS
NEW YORK TIMES, 24 January 1968
Perplexing Questions
Congressmen and the Pentagon Ask
Why Ship Was Seized Without Fight
By WILLIAM BEECHER
s.ni.i to Tile New Sark ranee
WASHINGTON, Jan. 23�The' enough to delay the harassers
capture of an American in-. long enough for a decision to
telligence-gathering ship, as- be made to send help and for
sertedly on the high seas, by that help to arrive? An official
North Korean patrol boats gave Pentagon statement said the
rise today to a number of em- ship, the Pueblo, had radioed
barrassing questions both in back that she "had not used
Congress and the Pentagon. any weapons."
Why were Jet fighters not .The Pueblo is believed to
rushed to the scene to protect have carried only two 50-
the outgunned
�caliber machine guns and small
vessel? There were arms, but it has long been a
News at least a dozen .basic tenet among Navy of-
Analysis Air Force F-4 and ficers not to surrender an
F-105 fighter- armed vessel without a fight.
bombers on hand, The Pentagon had to reach
in South Korea, 54 Air Force; back to the War of 1812 to re-
fighters in Japan and scores of member the last time a Navy
Navy fighters aboard the nu- skipper had give up his ship
clear aircraft carrier Enter- without a fight The ship was
prise, which was steaming the Chesapeake. The skipper
from Japan toward Vietnam. was subsequently court-:
Why did the captain not try I martialed.
to immobilize or even scuttle ;
the ship rather than perimt her Four Reported Wounded I
seizure? Navy officers said that There was one report thatI;
if the ship's rudder had been four crewmen�out of a ship's.
Jammed and her anchor .complement of six officers, 75:
dropped, she would have been .enlisted men and two civilians,
hard to tow the 25 miles from �had been wounded in thei
the scene of the encounter to incident, but it was Unclear
the North Korean port of Won- whether they had been injured
san. The ship could have been in forcibly blocking a boarding
sunk with the explosives be- party or during the destruction
lieved to have been on board. of some of the electronic in-
Why did the shi papparently telligence equipment aboard,
offer no resistance, at least Was the Pueblo being oper-
ated by the Navy for the super-
secret N,ltional Security agency
or for itself? The Pentagon
would say officially only that
the vessel was an "intelligence.
collection auxiliary ship."
Authoritative sources insisted
that unlike the Liberty, which
was attacked by Israeli PT boats
and aircraft off the Sinai Penin-
sula during the Middle Eastern
war last June, the Pueblo was
not directly associated with Na-;
tional Security Agency and was
involved in naval intelligence
work under the direct command
of Pacific Fleet headquarters in
Honolul.
There are said to be a "hand-
ful" of similar electronic intelli-
gence ships that are operated
for the Navy and a handful of
other ships, such as the Lib-
erty, operated by the Navy for
National Security Agency.
Russians Keep Watch, Too
The Russians keep at least
seven or eight similar electronic
intelligence ships on station at
any given time al over the
world. They maintain a con-
stant vigil in international
waters of Holy Loch, Scotland;
Rota, Spain, and Guam in the
Pacific, where United States
submarines equipped with Po-
laris missiles are based.
They also stay close to the,
United States Sixth Fleet in the
Mediterranean and the Seventh
:Fleet in the Pacific, trying to
lintercept operational orders, to
:determine the radio and radar
ifrequencies most commonly
Iused, and to btain other intelli-,
,gence data.
I Lack of Escort Questioned
I Why did the Pueblo not carry
:heavier weapons or, lacking a
capability for effective- self-
defense, why was a destroyer
escort not maintained in the
vicinity?
Pentagon sources said that
since such vessels operated:.
only in international waters, it:
had been assumed they would
inot be attacked. As for a war-
'ship escort, the Navy is sorely.
;pressed to maintain required
'destroyers off Vietnam and in
the other major fleets patrol-
ling the world's oceans, the
sources remarked, without the
added requirement of providing
an escort for electronic intelli-
gence vessels.
There were some hints last
night that the Pueblo may have
belatedly requested help when
she was about to be seized, but
no explanation for why that
help did not come. It was
noted out by some Pentagon
sources that American aircraft
would have been within their
:rights to strafe and bomb the
North Korean vessels, at least
while they remained in interna-
tional waters, once they had
seized the Pueblo.
Defense Department planners
suggest some of these and re-
lated questions may not be
satisfactorily answered until a
full-scale investigation has been
held. A high-level inquiry is
almost inevitable.
"With the Liberty and the
Pueblo we've now experienced
two unprovoked attacks in
seven months," one angry Pen-
tagon officer said. "Maybe
now, instead of using practi-
cally defenseless merchant-type
ships, we'll mount the special
equipment aboard old destroyer
picket ships that could at least
defend themselves."
NEW YORK TIMES, 24 January 1968
U.S. and North Korean Statements on Ship Seizure
Special 10 Ylie New York Time,
WASHINGTON, Jan. 23�Fol-
lowing are the text of a state-
ment issued by the Defense De-
partment today and the tran-
script of a Pyongyang radio
broadcast on the seizure Of an
American ship by North Korea:
Pentagon Statement
The U.S.S. Pueblo, a Navy
intelligence collection auxili-
ary ship, was surrounded by
North Korean patrol boats
and boarded by an armed
party in international waters
in the Sea of Japan shortly
after midnight E.S.T. last
night.
The U.S. Government act-
ed immediately to establish
contact with North Korea
through the Soviet Union.
When the Pueblo was board-
ed, its reported Position was
approximately 25 miles from
mainland of North Korea.
The ship reported the board-
ing took place at 127 degrees
54.3 minutes east longitude,
39 degrees 25 minutes north
.latitude. The time was 11:45
P.M. E.S.T.
The ship's complement con-
sists of 83, including 6 offi-
cers and 75 enlisted men and
2 civilians.
At approximately 10 P.M.
E.S.T., a North Korean 'patrol
boat approached the Pueblo.
Using international signals, it
requested the Pueblo's nation-
ality. The Pueblo identified
Itself as a U.S. ship. Continu-
ing to use flag signals, the
patrol boat said, "Heave to
or I will open fire on you."
The Pueblo replied, "I am in
international waters."
The patrol boat circled the
Pueblo. Approximately one
hour later, three additional
patrol craft appeared. One of
them ordered; "Follow in my
wake. I have a pilot aboard."
The four ships closed in on
the Pueblo, taking different
positions on her bow, beam
and quarter. Two MIG air-
craft were also sighted by
the Pueblo circling off the
starboard bow. The patrol
craft began backing toward
the bow of the Pueblo with
fenders rigged. An armed
boarding party was standing
on the how. �
The Pueblo radioed at 11:45
P.M. that she was being
boarded by North Koreans,
At 12:20 AM. E.S.T. today,
the Pueblo reported that she
had been requested to follow
the North Korean ships into
Wonsan and that she had not
used any weapons.
The final message from the the east and west coasts.
Pueblo was sent at 12:32 A.M.
It reported that it bad come
to "all stop" and that it was
"going off the air."
The Pueblo is designated
the AGER-2. It is a modified
auxiliary light cargo ship
(AKL). The, Pueblo is 179 feet
long and 33 feet wide with a
displacement of 906 tons. It
has a 10.2-foot draft. Its
maximum speed is 12.2 knots.
Pycngyang Broadcast
Today naval vessels of our
people's army captured an
armed spy boat of the U. S.
imperialist aggressor force
that intruded way into the
territorial waters of the re-
public and was carrying out
hostile activities.. .
The U. S. imperialists and
the Park Chung Hee puppet
clique of traitors, extremely
dismayed and upset by activ-
ities of armed guerillas, which
have been rapidly stepped
up recently, have proclaimed
a so-called "emergency mo-
bilization order" throughout
South Korea and are tyran-
ically suppressing the people
by mobilizing hundreds of
thousands of puppet military
and police troops, while fren-
ziedly intensifying provoca-
tive machinations along the
military demarcation line and
1.-F
The U.S. imperialists' ag-
gressor force�beginning to
go wild at the moment the
fierce surprise attack was
launched at the heart of
Seoul, which left the US, im-
perialists and the Park Chung
Hee puppet clique of traitors
rounds 'of small arms and
.artillery fire into our area
last night, while on the sea
they sent an armed spy ves-
sel of the U.S. forces to in-
trude into the waters off
Wonsan and perpetrate seri-
ous provocation.'
What a brazen-faced, des-
perate deathbed kick this is!
Our naval vessels engaged in
patrol duty on the spot cap-
tured the armed vessel of the
U.S. imperialist aggressor
force and the entire crew,
resolutely defying the coun-
terattack.
No matter how wild the
U.S. imperialists and the
Park Chung Hee puppet
clique of traitors may get,
they will be crushed in the
face of the watertight defense
by the heroic Korean Peo-
ple's Army. War clamoring
and repressive machlnatior
they may resort to; they can
never suppress the anti-US.,
anti-Government struggle of
the patriotic South Korean
people, which is forcefully
spreading like a prairie fire.
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SPecISI tom, New York ria..
WASHINGTON, Jan. 23�In
YI the political life of Pre-
mier Kim Ii Sung of. North
Korea, whose navy seized. a
United States vessel today,
him facts stand out: His love
of Korea and his hatred of
the Japanese.
His Communism has been
nationalistic, but not isola-
tionist He has
Man managed to keep
his lines open to
In the Moscow and Pe-
News king, no easy feat
for the leader of
a small country near the two
giants of Communism.
He was trained in Commu-
nist political tactics by the
Soviet Union, became an of-
ficer in its army while ex-
iled from his native land
and, on his return, ruled as
Stalin did�through person-
ality and purges in the party.
Although attacked as a
"revisionist" by Red Guard
posters in Communist China
a year ago, Premier Kim has
appeared to maintain a viable �
relationship with China. He
signed a military assistance
pact with the Peking in 1961.
Visited Moscow in 1959
Na was last in the Soviet.
Union in 1959 as far as i
publicly known. In the las
year or so, he has sent hi
deputy to meetings in Mo
Cow.
The son of a middlle-clas
schoolmaster, he fled Nort
Korea with his parents t
avoid persecution. Althoug
born Kim Sung Chu, he took
the name of a Korean who
opposed the Japanese as
early as 1985, when their an-
nexation of Korea began.
One year of his absence
from North Korea was Span
in prison, his penalty for or
ganizing anti-Japanese activ
ity on Korea's northern bor
ders.
He received his military and
political training around 194
in the Soviet city of Khaba
rovsk. He returned to North
Korea in 1945 as a captain
in the soviet army that ac-,
cepted the surrender of the
Japanese occupation forces.
Mr. Kim obtained control
of the Communist party of
Korea and, in 1946, absorbed
the New Peoples' party, com-
posed of Chinese-trained par-
ty leaders.
The first purge took place
in the winter of 1946-'47. The
present regime was formed
in 1948.
Mr. Kim. who holds the
title of Secretary General of
the Korean Workers' party
as well as Premier, was born
on April 15, 1912, in Mang
Yong Dae. He was married in
Manchuria during his years
In exile. His wife, who bore
him two sons, died in 1949.
In 1950 he married Mei
daughter of the head of the
former South Korean Na-
tional Independence Federa-
tion, whose function was to
bring left-wing national par
ties under Communist con-
trol.
N.Y. TIMES 1/24/68 � NEW YORK NEWS, 2.4 Jan. 1968
Korean IN
Neniffiest d !forth Korea Gets Away
With This Piracy.'
By JERRY GREENE
Washington, Jan. 23�North Korean piracy
put President Johnson on the .spot today in
a test of national honor and prestige not
matched since the Russians planted missiles
in Cuba.
The President has got to get the patrol ship Pueblo
and its crew of 83 out of Wonsan harbor fast, for if
thus outrage by a pipscaleak Communist nation is
permitted to stand,
an angry public will
APITICOL? never forgive him,
and a watching continued unwillingness to keep faith with the a nal-
irUFFV qi world, already stice provisions and raise serious doubts about its at'
skeptical over the titude toward the promotion of peace and stability in
restraint in Vietnam, will lose what respect may be,the area."
left for what is purported to be the most potent North Korea spent most of last year sending
military force in history. groups of armed raiders, ranging in size from six to
The ghost of Stephen Decatur strode the corridors ,ag, "in carefully planned and reconnoitered operations"
of the Pentagon this afternoon, and a proud navy . to attack UN forces and installations. A climax carat
strained for action. The admirals and the PPtarnsi in the infiltration of an assassination platoon into
and the commanders went grimly about their work. ago.
They two days
They were under wraps and couldn't talk aloud about - go.
Up at the Capitol today there was the same old
the Pueblo, but there were audible references to
tired blather from the 'same senators who bewailed
Decatur, and not in jest. war's expansion, who cried 'I told You so' and 'What
Nothing Like It in 164 Years could you expect?'
Hell, there hasn't ever been' any real peace 'm
Nothing like this grab of the Pueblo had happened
to the navy in the 164 years sinet Decatur, then a Korea since the armistice was signed in July 1953. A
young lieutenant, ran a light boat into the harbor of few hours on a night patrol in the demilitarized sena
Tripoli to fire the frigate Philadelphia, captured by is proof enough of this fact to the kids who have to
the Barbary pirates. make them. Or sit in the bushes on a stakeout to catch
The 83 crew members of the Pueblo held by the Commie infiltrators who have a handful of guns and
Communists in Wonsan are infinitely more valuable grenades.
than the ship, and concern for their fate doubtless' I've done a stint of that with those youngsters
figures in the diplomatic approach to this act of piracy, and those demilitarized zone outposts don't offer the
which Secretary of State Dean UB called 'grave" comforts of the Senate cloakrooms.
and Sen. Richard Russell (D-Ga.) branded an "act
cof That 'Certain Restlessness
Roth
war." Johnson and Defense Secretary Robert Mc- Johnson said the other night he noticed a "certain
Namara have repeatedly insisted that the U.S. armed
might was wholly adequate with other crises, any.restlessness" amongst the populace. That wasn't rest-
crisis beyond the commitment in Vietnam. Ilessness. That was pure and simple frustration. And
Th:ey'll never have a better chance to prove it. There
Is every indication that the Pueblo piracy was .a coldly
calculated move to discredit the U. S., to taunt this.
country ar.d prove its impotence. There is even more
evidence in the record that the North Korean Reds have
nothing but contempt for anything but force.
14 Years of Insults and Defiance
We've been "negotiating" with those cats for 14%
years at the Panmunjom armistice table and got noth-
ing for our pains but insults, snarls and defiance. We've
had to keep two divisions of troops along the so-called
demilitarized zone in Korea all these years to prevent
another overrun of South Korea..
The Korean Communists have grown even bolder. In
a radio broadcast 10 days ago, Pyongyang denounced
the 'heinous provaeative designs" of the "U.S. imperial-
istic aggressors" to "arrest the revolutionary advance
1 the South Korean people and to provoke a new
WASNINGTON NEWS, 23 Jan 68 (24)
Widower Most Go
to Vietnam
By NIKE MELEE
ScrApos-Howord Poll Writ,
The Air Force insisted today
it has done everything possible
within policy bounds to help
S/Sgt. John L. Wolfe, now pre-
paring for a hitch in Vietnam.
"He's really a stalwart, the
kind of man the Air Force wants
to keep," a spokesman said of
the sergeant's determination to
remain in service, rather than
accept a hardship discharge and
let the Pentagon get him a job
ass civilian policeman.
S/Sgt. Wolfe, 35, is a widower
and the father of five children
� the oldest 10 and two of them
pre-school age'. The aehool-age
children have been sent to an
war in Korea."
Less than three months ago, United Nations Am-
bassador Arthur Goldberg staved 'up a tip on what
rojght have been expected. He submitted to the Secur-
ity Council a report from the UN Korean Command
showing that "incidents" � breaches of the almistice
by North Koreans � had increased from 50 in 1966
to. 543 in the first 10 months of 1967.
Raids Cast Doubt on Good Faith
."These deliberate actions by North Korean mined
personnel," the report said, "apart from causing serious
casualties, constitute clear evidence of North Kerea's
much of it stems from fact that a lot of people are
sick and tired of being kicked around � pat-tin/a*
by the Communists:
-
We've spent nearly 23 years trying to build bridges,
to reason sweetly together and live in peace. And it
would appear that the effort has been almost wholly ca
one aide. In return we've had the Berlin blockade, the
Korean War, the Vietnam war, the Cuban missilee, and
always pressure, threats and more pressure.
North Korea is only an extension of Red China with
MI assist from Russia. This two-bit country has 368,000
men in the armed forces; 500 Russian medium tanks,
3,000 artillery pieces larger than 80-mm., 460 combat
aireraft, including a score of Mig-21s and 400 Mug-15
and Mig-17 types; two 'submarines and about 100 es-
corts and patrol boats. There is enough power to cause
a rumble.
But if North Korea can get away with this piece of
piracy the U.S. might as well fold its tent in the Pacific
and join the British Empire in oblivion.
olphanage in Middletown, Ky.,
and ace others to his .mother's
home in nearby Valley Station.
S/Sgt. Wolfe's situation gener-
ated complaints to the Air Force
and phone offers of help to the
departing airman from more
,than 20 states.
The Air Force gave this run.
down of the special attention it
gave S/Sgt. Wolfe, who has been
assigned to Lackland Air Force
Base, 'Pex.,' to make final pre-
parations to go to Vietnam next
month.
When his wife died two years
S/Sgt. Wolfe was offered a
hardship discharge rather than
having to serve out his enlist-
ment. He decided to stay in,
knowing he would some day
have to go overseas. .
&Sgt. .Wolfe's last overseas
. .
2-P
assignment ended in 195-I. He is
a military police sentry-dog han-
dler, and the Air Force has a
shortage of dog handlers in Viet-
nam.
"The decision made him liable
to the normal selection proce-
dures ," said an Air Force
spokesman.
S/Sgt. %Voile's 'number came
up for Vietnam, and he was
granted a six-month delay to
make arrangements for the
children. He was again offered a
hardship discharge; again he
declined.
A spokesman said the Air
Force decided that "it would not
be in the best interests" of the
Service to give preferential
treatment to SiSgt. Wolfe, who
had made his own decision to
remain in service.
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�
North Korean Seizure of U.S. Ship Sparks
Diplomatic Flurry and Host of Speculations
By 1-IgNey (i5i Si lit,
$1,71 Ttir STRESTJOVRNa
WASHINGTON.- A capital divided nver one
U.S. war in Asia found itself suddenly fared
with the possibility it could have a second one
on its hands yesterday.
The seizure of , a r.S. Naval vessel.
crammed with eleetronir intelligence-gathering
gear, by North l�nrean patrol boats in the Sea
of Japan produced a confusion of assessments.
A rush of diplomatte activity was begun, aimed
not only at keeping the incident front escalat-
ing but at resolving it rapidly.
"tVe want the Final and its iirewnion back, in
a hurry," was the official line. There was hope
of achieving that. but there was also concern
that it might not happen. and some men in re-
sponsible Washington posts were using the ugly
word, "war."
Broad Spectrum of Speculation
The spectrum elf speculation as to Comm',
niSt intent and potential consequences was ex-
tremely broad, and at the extreme it included
this possibility:
The Communist part of the world, display-
ing more unity than U.S. experts have deemed
likely, is opening a "second front" in warfare
against America. To the strains of the Vietnam
war�which have been giving the "Yankee im�
perialists" troubles economically and politi-
cally If not so much militarily�the Reds airn
to add a replay of the Korean war. And, be-
cause twn fronts wnuld keep the U S. Very
busy. even in a military sense, it could permit
the Reds to push hard somewhere else in the
world, hoping to meet little resistance. If so.
the agitated Middle East could be an nhvirtus
candidate for snare venture of expanding Sm.'s.'
penetration.
It must be emphasized, however, that such
a grand conspiracy is cited c, at. the outskirts
of speculation. "We aren't leaping to any such
conclusion," said one informed official. For less
alarming interpretations can be offered.
At the milder end of the spectrum was the
possibility that the capture of the U.S.S. Pueblo
wasn't planned at all�net by world Communist
chieftains, and not even by the North Korean
government�but was merely in adventure ni
overzealous junior officers commanding pirati-
cal patrol boats.
Or the venture could have been planned, but
with quite limited objectives. Presumably, the
Reds could hand the ship and its crew back
quickly, and still mark up a big gain: Their
first good look at highly secret American de-
tection equipment�which the U.S. uses on
other "spy ships" in other parts of the world to
eavesdrop on domestic radio communications
of nther
nfficial3 lalllrtig yri.ttcrdny believed it
possible the s,'ltol "in us might seemingly be
"i�e�mived" eras nvereight, before their assess.
ments entdd he printed. Rill a rapid "snlutinn",
of nits partritlar incident it'll merely rause
Ito;n nwera iiirr .1( hers In drnp a few
degrees, rallwr than dbappear. let' the view Is
Ilia, this altnck was in tins sense no
surprise at all, Me part of a worrisome pattern
in wnich tin end is yet in sight.
ritivernment elle% alolnliona
The (lovernment, addicted as always sta-
tdsrics, cited some to show how the North No.
rear. have beim systematically stepping up
violations of the llneaSy peace that has pre-
vailed Sillee former President Flisenhower ne.
entiated an armistiee. During 1908 there were
"signifieant ineid,ils" in the demilitarized
none, and 13 intrusions into South Korea
proper. IA "significant ineident" is usually one
guttfile. often with castielties.) That
level was Irritating, rather than deeply disturb-
ing. But then the 1967 figures, just through
niid.O.Inher. jumped 'II 423 "signifirant
dents" in the PMZ and 120 violent incursions
into South Korea. by r...ea anti land.
Since October, the experts say, cold weather
has AS usual reduced somewhat the number of
border violations, bid hy no means their bold-
ness. Last Sunday night, Smith Korean police
intercepted 31 armed North Koreans who had
reached the capital and were headed for the
Blue House- 'Seoul's equivalent of Washing-
ton's White House. with the mission of assassi-
nating President Chung Hee Park.
And North Korean propaganda has built up,
trying in create the impression that the South
Korean population Is rising In guerrilla war-
fare. North Korea has kern striving, ton, to
portray U.S. forces In South Korea as the ones
breaking the armistice; yesterday, North Ko-
rean radio broadcasts asserted Americans
were firing "thousands of shells and bullets"
arross the demilitarized zone. And it claimed
the U.S.S. Pueblo was taken while committing
"a grave provocative act." But according to
the Pentagon, the ship was 25 miles front the
mainland. clearly beyond North Korea's 12-
mile limit.
Number of Feelers)
Why are the North Koreans becoming in-
ereasingly aggressive? Experts have suspected
a number of factors. For one thing, they've
gotten itchy watching South Korea make con.
siderable progress toward political stability
and achieve more remarkable economic act-
vances. For another. it's believed, interna-
tional Communist solidarity has had at least
some Influence; North Korea has seen South
�
WALL STREET JOURNAL
24 January 1968
- � �- --.- Korea dispatch 48.050 men to help fight the
Reds in Vietnam and In help their fellow
ciommUnists. the North 1-7nrenna mny be aim-
.. .
mg at.sfirring enough trouble to halt or-reverse
this flow of troops.
U. by conspiracy or blunder, events should
actually produce another Korean war, there
are enough soldiers and guns around to make it
a rough one:. At least some officials believe the
West would have the advantage�"unless you
count the Chinese into it again."
North Korea has a regular army of 340,000
rnen, plus reserves of 110.000. Its armor in-
cludes 500 Soviet-built medium tanks, 450 ar-
mored vehicles. about 3.000 artillery pieces,
plus surface-to-air missiles. Its navy is small,
with only SOW men, and includes twn former
Russian submarines, two roastal escorts, 10
minesweepers and 80 small patrol "raft. Its air
force, with 20,000 men, has 460 combat aircraft.
including 40 IL2S jet bombers, 25 MIG21 jet
fighters, which are relatively new and ad-
vanced aircraft, and around 400 5tIG15 and
MIG17 fighters. which are aging.
South Korea has an army of 500.000 still at
home, including 10 tank battalions with U.S.-
supplied Patton tanks. and 40 artillery battal-
ions. Its navy has 17.000 men and one de-
stroyer, three destroyer escorts and about 100
other ships of various size. Its air force has
25.000 men And 200 U.S.-built combat aircraft
�including 30 new. small F3 tactieal fighters.
and 170 F88 Jets left over from the Korean war.
Backing up the South Koreans are Amen-
can forces, numbering around 50.000, stationed
in that country.
Assuming success of U.S. efforts to obtain
rapid release of the ship�and urgent diplco
macy to this end was bieng conducted both via
the Soviets and directly with North Koreans on
the military'armistice commission at Panmun-
jom�it seemed likely that the Pueblo affair
could still remain a hot Issue in Washington for
some time. Indications were that both "doves"
and "hawks" could be pressing suspicions
about how It happened.
Sen Fulbright ID., Ark.1 who.se Foreign Af-
fairs Committee Is launrhing a study this week
Into the accuracy of the Administration's or-
count of a 1064 North Vietnamese attack on
U.S. Naval craft, seemed skeptieal of the Pen-
tagon's story about this North Korean incident.
"I'm not ready to testify that everything they
say is exactly according to the facts," he re-
marked. On the other side of the fence, Chair-
man Russell (D., Ga.) of the Senate Armed
Services Committee was asking why the lightly
armed U.S. vessel di tin' undertake to defend
Itself in the two or three hours of the incident,
or call for air support...
Washington Star 23 January 1968 (24)
SHIP CAPTURED BY REDS A NAVY VESSEL
DOING A NAVY JOB .
By ORR KELLY
Scar Staff Writer
The intelligence gathering ship captured by North Korea
today was a Navy ship with a Navy crew operating on a
Navy mission.
Informed sources said the USS Pueblo was different from
the USS Liberty which was attacked by Israeli forces off the
Sinai Peninsula June 8.
Although the fact was never confirmed by the Pentagon,
it was learned at that time that the Navy operated the Liberty
as a floating electronic information-gathering vessel for the
National Security Agency.
Pentagon sources declined to say just What the role of
the Pueblo was off the North Korean shore, but there were
indications that its assignment was to monitor North Korean
radio traffic and radar operations for the Navy.
Both the United States and the Soviet Union have a
number of electronic intelligence ships which perform a
variety of roles.
The Soviet ships regularly operate near the bases for
U.S. Polaris missile submarines and off Cape Kennedy, Fla.
3-7
They also normally show up to keep an eye on US. and
NATO manuevers.
In the Gulf of Tonkin, Soviet electronic trawlers shadow
U.S. aircraft carriers, operating just at the horizon, beyond
the carriers' destroyer screen. Their major purpose is pre-
sumed to be to act as an early warning system for North
Vietnamese anti-aircraft crews.
The U.S. electronic ships are used to help keep track of
Soviet missile and space launches. Operating a short dis-
tance off-shore, they also are capable of listening in on radio
traffic and plotting the location and power of shore-based
radar installations.
The Russians have 26 large trawlers and the United
States bas five converted merchant ships for electronic ear
veillance. In addition, both nations have sizable numbers of
smaller ships such as the Pueblo which are used for this
purpose. Combat ships also carry a large array of similar
electronic equipment.
The United States claims only a 3-mile limit off her
shores, which means that Soviet vessels can operate just
outside the 3-mile limits and still be in international limits.
The Russians, North Koreans and a number of other
nations claim a 12-mile territorial limit Chile claims a 200.
mile limit and has taken action against U.S. fishing boats
operatng within that area.
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Who Williakeltole
Of Devil's Advocate?
By JOSEPH C. GOULDEN
WHEN the memoirs are finally printed, possibly there
will be confirmation or refutation of the report
that surfaced here over the Weekend that. Robert S.
McNamara's last act as Secretary of Defense was to urge
President Johnson to halt temporarily the bombing of
North Vietnam to test whether Hanoi's latest "peace offer"
was real.
Whatever the answer, no one at the Pentagon or White
House is saying, and so Robert McNamara slides out of
the decision-making hierarchy and into the presidency of
the World Bank. his seven years and odd days at the top
now grist for the historians and .Republican campaign
orators.
For those persons desiring a change in Mr. Johnson's
war policies, the appointment of insider's-insider Clark M.
Clifford is discomforting. Clifford's ballot has long been
a hefty one in the weighed voting of Mr. Johnson's con-
sensus process, and it will be'even more so once he leaves
the Telephone Cabinet and acquires official standing.
Which is not to say Clark Clifford is a yes-man for Lyn-
don Johnson or for anyone else: What IS known is that
Clifford helped shape existing war policies and thus is most
unlikely now to stand up at his first National Security Coun-
cil meeting and confess he's been wrong all along.
� �
WHO, then, shall assume McNamara's role as devil's
advocate and argue back when the Joint Chiefs Of
Staff continue their incessant yaminering for au-
thority to go after the dangerous targets forbidden them
in the North?
One looks down the roster, in vain: Secretary of State
Dean Rusk has his war-statement down so pat he can talk
NEW YORK 411IES 24 JANUARY 1968
Rusk Doubts Inevitability in the minds of other Asians.
Of a Conflict With China In d iann nteoVt heiv; :at: a tee
CanaWASHINGTON, Jan. Z2 (AP) Chinese had given ample evi-
Macleans. Mr. Rusk said the
�Secretary of State Dean Rusk dence in the past that "they are
says -there is no reason to be- not reluctant to use direct Mill-
lieve that war between .the taey force across their borders."
United States and Communist the interview. appearing in
,!6tteutEnt:L' �
China is inevitable, but that azinIn! e.surilcecnurredt iSsul
Peking's policies and nuclear not released by the State De-
development pose a real threati partment until Monday.
for 17 minutes and not vary by more than nine syllables
what he said in August; his Asian man, William P. Bundy,
sounds as hawkish these days as a Marine gunnery ser-
geant on the DMZ; Walt W. Rostow, ofjhe White House,
is a high priest of the political fundamentalism underlying
our very presence in Vietnam and is comfortable in his
cassock.
Nor are any outsiders in sight. Mr. Johnson has bet-
ter relations with Prince Sihanouk than he does with Sen.
J. William Fulhright; he makes a point of receiving back-
from-Vietnam visitors, but they consist of Air Force cola
nels and such predictable savants as former Congressman
Walter Judd. The White House gripes constantly about
critical reporters in Vietnam�yet when these men come
home they are not asked over for a chat about the reasons
for their skepticism.
� �
SINGER Earths Kitt proved last week it is possible to
penetrate the isolation of the White House; called
there for a luncheon to talk about urban problems,
she responded with a "State of the Union" message that
VMS a more realistic depiction of that national mood than
what Mr. Johnson gave Congress two days earlier.
And many of Mr. Johnson's Vietnam critics�includ-
ing such nonhippies as Sen. George D. Aiken, of Vermont
�feel the President would profit by a similar lecture on
the moralities of the war, rather than continuing affirma-
tions from the inner circle of the righteousness of the
course it has chosen and down which it is leading all
of us.
NEW YORK TIMES 24 JANUARY 1968
Cambridge, Mass.: The Kennedy Liberals at Harvard
By JAMES RESTON
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Jan. 23
�There is a serious political
and philosophical argument go-
ing on here among the Ken-
nedy liberals at Harvard. it is
not the tiresome personal dis-
pute that we are having in
Washington between President
Johnson and the Kennedy clan,
but an argument among the
Kennedy supporters about
Presidential power, the condi-
tion of the nation and whether
Senator Robert Kennedy of
New York can do, anything
about these things.
The Kennedy-Johnson feud
is, of course, very much in evi-
dence here, and there is a
group of Kennedy lovers and
Johnson haters, some of them
former aides to President Ken-
nedy, who are using Harvard
as a comfortable launching pad
for blasting the Johnson Ad-
ministration out of power. But
the issue is much wider and
deeper than that.
The Dilemma
The Kennedy liberals came
out of the New Deal tradition
and many of them have argued
for years for a "strong Presi-
dency." Now they find them-
selves in the awkward position
of not liking what President
Johnson has done with Presi-
dential power in Vietnam, and
yet not blowing quite how to
sen thinking the risk of run-
ning is too great and Schles-
inger insisting that the risk of
not running, which might cost
him the support of the young,
is even greater.
About the only thing they
all agree on is that President
Johnson should go down in
history as a political accident
between the two Kennedy
Presidencies, and that Senator
Kennedy should at least get
ready to run, just in case Pres-
ident Johnson decides at the
last minute not to seek re-
election.
The Emotional-Climate
What seems even clearer
here than in Washington is that
Senator Kennedy has not decid-
ed the question, which is why
the barrage of arguments from
here continues, and the feeling
runs so deep on the subject
Arthur Schlesinger Jr., for that it has apparently divided
example, has written a paper the Kennedy supporters and
arguing that Senator Kennedy even the Kennedy family.
should take the risk. Theodore It seems fairly clear that very
Sorensen has composed the as-- few Kennedy supporters here
gument against Richard Neu- think the Senator could take
stadt has taken the position the nomination away from
that Bobby is trapped for the President Johnson, or that be
present and will be effective could avoid splitting his party
again politically only when he if he tried to do so. The sign-
accepts the fact of his dilemma. meat for trying is mom compli-
Thus, President John F. Ken- cam& It is that the war in
nedy's two principal biogra- Vietnam and its consequences
phers differ on the correct role on the home front are morally
for President Kennedy's broth- wrong and should be opposed
er Robert to take, with Soren- by people who believe they are
4-k
limit his power in order to
change the policies they op-
pose.
That is one part of the argu-
ment here. The liberals are
now trying to restrain the very
powers they wanted in the
past, and don't know how to
do it.
More important, they are as
troubled about bow to chal-
lenge President Johnson on
political grounds as they are
on how to challenge him on
constitutional grounds.
For the present, the Keane-
dy supporters are not only ar-
guing among themselves about
whether Senator Robert Ken-
nedy of New York should or
should not challenge the Pres-
ident for the Democratic nom-
ination, but are writing essays
and lawyer's briefs on the top-
ic, pro and con.
wrong, as Robert Kennedy cer-
tainly does.
This is a serious argument
because it is a conflict of prin-
ciples. One principle is that a
man should back his beliefs if
he thinks the present policies
will divide and weaken the na-
tion at home and in its relations
with the rest of the would. The
other principle is that a man
should support- his party- in a
crisis, even if he disagrees with
it, especially if there is a seri-
ous prospect that his opposition
would shatter his party and
might even open the way for a
more hawkish Administration in
Washington than the present
The balance In this debate
seems to run against an open
challenge by Kennedy. This is
not an argument hem at Har-
vard between academic ama-
teurs, but between men who
have had a great deal of experi-
ence in Washington, know the
political skill and constitutional
power of the President. and
therefore are trying to recon-
cile their wishes and the forces
on the other side.
So far they have not been
able to do so. They are the sad-
dest and most frustinted par-
hcipants on the American po-
litical some today, but they are
arguing about serious things
and at least they agree that
Kennedy should remain avail-
able until the California Presi-
dential printery.
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III NEwswEEK, 29 January 296E (240
CLARK CLIFFORD FOR THE DEFENSE
For all the speculation that had swirled
:thou( Washington succ.essor
to outgoing Defense Secretary Robert S.
NIcNantara_ there was never much doubt
that the choice open to the President
was :1 narrow late, and that the four or
five most likely men for the job were, al-
ready in the government�or in any event
not very far out of it. Against this back-
ground, and hr keeping with the relative-
ly austere stain, he look earlier in his
State of the [Ilion Nlessitge (page Iii)
the President law last week called a
mid-alternnon pre,s conference and svith
no fanfare wl wtever announced his
choice or the lialion's next SVCII�titry iii
Defense. To the sr uprise of few, the
President's choler. was Clark NleAdamS
Cliii ord. bi. a skilled corporation lawyer
who has served as a confidential defense
and foreign-policy adviser to three Presi-
dents�and who has long been on record
as a staunch supporter of Administration
policy on Vietnam.
By almost any standard, Clifford's an-
. pointniciit was a shrewd JANUARY 26) '
Getting the Pue lo
Back
J-11:: ship and its 83-innit crew � some
of them w ounded -- must he released
without further delay,
ivas Monday noon Korean time that
the USS Pueblo was captured by a gang-
op of North Korean patrol boats and
forced into Wonsan harbor. Alt. right,
the Communists have had their fun,
tweaked Uncie Sam's nose. made their
propaganda coup. Now it's high time
they gave the ship back.
There's a hint the North Koreans
know they have to do so. It lies in the
crude, hastily drafted **confession" at-
tributed to ('nidr. Bucher. the Pueblo's
skipper. " � Otis parents and wises
and children at tame are anxiously
fcr us to return home in safe
sic I. . We Only hope ... that we will
be forgiven leniently ..."
North Korea's F.rnt!g rejection tif the
demaoti to return the ship, made at
a Panmunjom areni,,tice meeting yes-
terday intlicates, however, the Pyong-
yang pirates a am to gamble a bit and
string as atoll'. Thert'S no comfort. ei-
ther, in word that the Russians rebuffed
Washington's appeal to intervene. We
still hope the Russians, recalling the
crises over Berlin and Cuba, would pass
on the word that when the Americans
get riled, it doesn't� pay to fool around
too long.
But what should the Johnson Adminis-
tration ac it should, make an all-out ef-
fort Unit all available channels to get
the Pueblo back by diplomatic means �
before resort to lorce.
Besides seeking intervention of
friendly governments, neutrals and
C ommunists with whom we are on
speaking terms, the U.S. should request
an urgent meeting of the United Nations
Security Council. We should present a
two-part plan: is) North Korea must re-
lease the Pueblo immediately, and 2)
the U.S. will participate in an impartial
investigation of the whole episode, and
let the facts come out as they will.
The most important objective is to de-
fuse this eSplcsive crisis by- freeing the
ship and its crew � and gather all the
facts later, after the crisis has cooled.
This means the Security Council must
not just meet and pa/aver as it did in
last year's Middle East crisis, but [mist
quiekly get results � the return of �the
Pueblo.
Perhaps the IN would prove incapa-
peebrltoia.
ble of getting action w ithin a reasonable
time. But at least vie owe it to the n orld
community and to our own principles as
Americans to try the peaceable ap-
proach first.
But let the North. Koreans mark it
well: grabbing off the tiny USS Pueblo
may have been easy, but the carrier
task force, including. the mighty USS
Enterprise, has not moved into the Sea
of Japan without purpose.
American reprisal. �
If the request is rejected. President
Johnson is confronted with a fullblown
crisis alarming in its gravity.
The world is a restless one in which
advance information of any aggressive in-
tentions is of the utmost importance to the
security not only of the United States but
of the world.
The Pueblo's mission was a legitimate
one from a defense point of view. If she
strayed off her course in pursuit of it, it is
not a violation of such magnitude that the
two countries should engage in conflict over
a settlement. Reason on both sides is called
for.
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NEW YORK POST 20 JANUARY ( 26)
McNamara and Clifford
The timing of President Johnson's an-
nouncement that Clark Clifford has been
chosen to succeed Defense Secretary Mc-
Namara may have been entirely inadver-
tent. But it trill be construed in many
places as symbolic.
McNamara has long been a figure of
plradox. It has been an open secret�and,
in some instances, a matter of record�
that he long ago began questioning the
strategy of escalation and voicing skepti-
cism about the effectiveness of our Viet-
nam bombing program. On many occasions
observers have wryly noted that McNa-
mara seemed disposed to emphasize the
need for creative diplomacy while Secretary
of State Rusk.acted as mouthpiece for the
JoiftraTeTS of Staff.
Clifford is a respected, gifted attorney
with a long record of distinguished public
service. He has also been frequently de-
scribed as one of those unofficial Acheson-
Ian White House advisors who have played
a large role in shaping our dead-end role ill
Vietnam. If that is the case, his designation
as McNamara's replacement is new cause
for apprehension.
But public office involves responsibili-
ties far beyond the realm of intermittent
advice. What can be said with certainty is
that Clifford's appointment gives finality
to the departure of McNamara, and the
largeness of the loss cannot be underesti-
mated. He fought many momentous battles
in behalf of the principle of civilian ride;
he refused to be pushed around by the
generals; he introduced dramatic 'move-
lions in the department's procedures�des-
pite the resistance of bureaucracy�that
will not be easily reversed. He set a lofty
standard for his successor.
BALTIMORE NEWS AMERICAN
23 JANUARY 1968 ( 26)
McNarnara's Successor
IT WOULD BE DIFFICULT TO IMAGINE
a man more qualified than (lurk M Clifford to suc-
ceed Robert S. McNamara as Secretary of Defense.
Both President Johnson and the nation .are fortun-
ate a man of such calibre and experience has agreed
to accept designation for one of the three toughest
jobs in Washington.
In a sense, Mr. Clifford is a predecessor of Mr.
McNamara as well as his successor. It was he who
drafted the 'act calling for unit ication of the armed
services and establishing the office of Secretary of
Defense in 1947 under President Truman, Thus the
effective overhall of the military establishment
achieved by Mr. McNamara represents a goal first
envisioned by the secretary-designate and his fel-
low planners a generation ago.
This was typical of the effective .visionary
astuteness provided by Mr. Clifford fdr more than
20 years either as an aide or consultant ,to Demo-
cratic presidents�all his close personal friends. In
this role of key strategy advisor, the wealthy attor-
ney has become one of the nation's most respected.
experts not only on military matters but in foreign
affairs, economics, intelligence operations and polit-
ical tactics. �
Clark Clifford's unmatched experience, his
proven know-how, and above all his exceptional tact
in solving delicate problems in the mazes of official
Washington meet the tremendous demands of his
impending assignment. Yet his chief asset is some-
thing else. Unlike his brilliant but sometimes wav-
ering predecessor, he is as firm a supporter of Mr.
Johnson's Vietnam policies as is Secretary of State
Dean Rusk. Once again the nation's three top lead-
ers will be working in the kind of total cooperation
and understanding vital for bringing the war to its
earliest possible conclusion.
�
CHICAGO SUN-TIRES 23 JAIIIRY 1968 (26)
A Diplomat In The Pentagon
Hawks and doves have joined in
approval of the appointment of Clark
M. Clifford to succeed Robert S. Mc-
Namara as secretary of. defense. Clif-
ford will bring to the Pentagon a
wealth of experience not only in mili-
tary affairs but in the field of diplo-
macy, foreign and domestic.
Like McNamara. Clifford has a well-
deserved reputation for intellectual -
brilliance. McNamara was a World
War II Air Force officer; Clifford was
a Navy officer. McNamara left his
private job at great financial sacrifice.
So will Clifford. But there the com-
parison virtually ends.
Unlike McNamara. who came to
Washington from the Ford Motor Co.,
Clifford's career has been in law and
government affairs: Clifford has been
a trusted counselor to Presidents Tru-
man, Kennedy and Johnson. He has a
large law practice.
Clifford was one of the drafters of
the 1947 law unifying the armed forces
under the secretary of defense. Presi-
dent Kennedy appointed him chair-
man of the President's Foreign Intel-
ligence Advisory Board, a position he
still holds. In 1966 he was President
Johnson's adviser at the Manila con-
ference and last year he and Gen.
Maxwell Taylor visited a number of
Southeast Asian and Pacific countries
as personal emissaries Of the Presi-
dent, discussing Vietnam.
Clifford was one of the persons Mc-
Namara recommended to Mr. Johnson
as qualified for the defense post.
No two men approach the same job
the same way and Clifford undoubted-
ly will be a striking change from Mc-
Namara. But each may prove to hav,.
been just the right man for the job at
the time.
McNamara served longer than any
other person in the job (seven years).
He brought the efficiencies of private
industry and he put a firm civilian
hand on the military brass. �
Clifford will inherit the more stream-
lined establishment created by Mc-
Namara and it is to be hoped that he
will prove as tough in asserting civil-
ian control over the generals and ad.
mirals as McNamara did.
Clifford's own particular contribu
lion, however, may be in helping to
unify Washington behind a course for
peace. Although he has a reputation
for being more hawkish than McNa-
mara, his appointment was praised by
a thoroughgoing dove, Sen. J. William
Fulbright (D-Ark.).
Fulbright said that he felt that Clif-
ford will at least listen to critics of
the President's policy. And since the
President leans on Clifford for advice.
a better understanding of the various
positions might result.
On the other hand, Clifford's ap-
pointment means that the President
will feel that he has greater personal
control over the office; Mr. Johnson
inherited McNamara from President
Kennedy. Clifford is his own personal
choice.
With a new defense chief some of
the nation's priorities may be subtly
adjusted. We hope the appointment of
Clifford, a Johnson adviser on diplo-
macy as well as defense, will mean
a stronger emphasis on the political
and diplomatic aspects of the Vietnam
problem rather than the purely mili-
tary. Meanwhile it is salutary that
the appointment has been generally
applauded.
ST. PETERSBURG TIMES 20 JANUARY 1968 (26)
The New Defense Secretary
President Johnson's selection of
Clark Clifford to be the new secre-
tary of defense had not been wide-
ly forecast; yet it should come as
no real surprise.
� Clifford not only is one of the
President's closest friends, confi-
dante, and advisers, as he was to
Presklents Kennedy and Truman,
he is also one of the most 1mowl-
edge.able men in Washington in the
inner workings Of government at
all levels.
HIS DIPLDJILACY, his ability to
work with the members of Con-
gress, and an innate toughness
that has kept him at or near the
top of the political jungle in Wash-
ington for two decades make him
quite possibly the best choice that
could have been made to follow
Robert McNamara in the nation's
toughest job next to the presidency
itself.
Clifford has not held a full-time
government job since he served as
special counsel to President Tru-
man from 1946 to 1950. But while
practicing law in Washington since,
he has remained close to the
sources of political power � par-
ticularly in the Senate during the
Eisenhower years, whets Lyndon
Johnson was majority leader.
President Kennedy, after his
election in 1960. called on Clifford
to represent him with the Eisen-
hower Administration in the trans-
fer of power.
HE HAS SERVED President
Johnson not only as a personal ad-
viser, but in such public ways as
chairman of the President's For-
eign Intelligence Advisory Board
and emissary, with Gen. Maxwell
Taylor, on a visit to our Far East
Vietnam allies last year.
Clifford will embark on his
new assignment with the full
confidence of the President and
with many friends and few ene-
mies in Congress.
These are 'impressive assets,
which will serve him well in main-
taining the civilian control that
McNamara has succeeded in es-
tablishing over the vast military
establishment in the Pentagon.
The country will wish him well.
3-2
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NEW YORK POR5 JANUARY 1968 ( 26)
MorOangerous Hours
ihe anxious hoiit's'creep by, alarmed
Americans everywhere ,�.exchang2 appre-
Iwnsive questions about . I he DM crisis in
Asia: North Korea's s6iitire. of a seaborne
U-2 called the U.S.S. Piniblo'and her crew.
The universal question i.e whether what
Secretary of State Ritsk has tentatively
termed an act of war- Will actually erupt
into another Asian conflict of deadly di-
flinSiOnS. The sense of natfonal alarm is
becoming comparable to that stirred by
the Cuban missile crisis.
But it is crucial to discern the differ-
ences. The Soviets' reckless Cuban advm-
lure plainly demanded an immediate,
unflinching countermove. The Pueblo inci-
dent demands the utmost care and cau-
tion and the exhaustive use of every diplo-
matic alternative to military means. Capt.
Stephen Decatur�who once surrendered
a ship�is remembered for saying: "Our
country, right or wrong." It still remains
it mystery wriz.,ther this nation is supreme-
ly right in the Pueblo crisis.
So far, the Administration appears to
appreciate the uncertainties. Responsible
Congressional leaders such as Senate Ma-
jority Leader Mansfield ID-Mont.) have
wisely counseled sober consideration and
restraint. There is no discernible sessional
response to the outcries for massive retali-
ation from Sens. Thurmond (R-S.C.) or
Dodd 1D-Conn.). Although it has moved
the nuclear carrier Enterprise and other
warships into position off Wonsan Bay,
Washington seems determined to seek a
diplomatic solution.
if
�
To secure any national assent in the
use of means beyond vigorous diplomacy
to recover the Pueblo and her officers and
men, the Johnson Administration must
first answer scores of unanswered ques-
tions�about the ship's mission, about her
actual location at the time of the boarding,
about the absence of protection for Ihe
vessel, about the obvious failure to inter-
dict the attack.
One of the most basic questions is
where the Pueblo was when she was inter-
cepted by the North Korean patrol boats.
The Pentagon's first official announcement
of the seizure said the ship's reported posi-
tion was "approximately 25 miles from the
mainland of North Korea."
But according to Rear Adm, John V.
Smith in Panmunjom, the Pueblo was
only 16 nautical miles off the coast. Naut-
ical miles are longer than land miles, but
the two distance figures cannot be recon-
ciled. The North Koreans claim territor-
ial waters stretching out 12 miles from
the coast. Was the Pueblo really on the
"high seas"? Or did she wander�or steer
�closer? The point is hardly minor; if
Soviet spy ships�the familiar counter-
parts of the Pueblo�were to approach
the coast of Maine, bristling with elec-
tronic gear and flaunting their purpose,
what would Washington's reaction be?
Finally, who authorized the Pueblo's
hazardous journey�especially at a mo-
ment when peace talks in Vietnam were
still ostensibly being pursued?
if
Sea. Fulbright (D-Ark.), chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, re-
marked that "the fact We are deeply committed in Vietnam undoubtedly contributes
to all other countries feeling more free than normal from serious retaliation." That
is certainly plausible. It remains to be demonstrated that the Pueblo seizure is a
calculated Communist diversion. But even if the U. S. were not committed in Vietnam,
even if we were prepaued to retaliate heavily, Washington has yet to furnish any
persuasive justification for so fateful an act. Only the most searching, patient diplo-
macy�and a full airing of the facts--is justified now.
KANSAS CITY STAR po JAN 26) -
'11-1INKINt: CNTIIINK ABLE
ABOUT ATOMIC WAN
flOOMSDAY is never any further away than
the world's first exchange of nuclear war-
heads between twucountries committed to wag-
ing war with each other. Questions of limiting an
atomic cla'sh., of confining missile and bomb
strikes to. certain targets would become all hut
academic in such catastrophic circumstances.
But such grim questio,ns have been posed. and
they will continue to.ceme.up as they have once
more this week.
The Washington Post kicked off the latest dis-
cession. The Post asserted that both the United
States and the Soyiet Cnien now place cities.
rather than military installations, at the lop of
their nuclear targeting list. But the Pentagon im-
mediately denied .1.hat :any such fundamental
shift of strategy had occurred, adding that the L.
S. strategic options for nuclear war have not
changed since loss.
Thus the. military high command Nocnis 'Ole!
standing by the official view expressed tint( a
dozen years ago that in time of war the I:. S.
might be able to knock out all of Russia's strate-
gic missiles and thereby limit the amount (if
damage that could be inflicted on this country.
The contrary judgment, which the Pentagon
has publicly rebuffed, is that American long-
range ballistic missiles are not accurate enough
to score direct hits on concealed, underground
Soviet missile silos. According to this appraisal,
the Russians find themselves similarly restrict-
ed. If these limitations existed�as the Washing.
ton Post has maintained�the two powers
would use their nuclear arsenals to hold each
other's cities hostage.
Both positions�that, adhered to by the Penta-
gon and the new. contention of the Washington
Post�are � based on theories: The absolute facts
could not possibly he known short nf a nuclear
war. The world can only hold its hreath and hope
that it never obtains A cicar.ctit determination by
way of a 191h century doomsday.
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS 25. JANUARY 1968 (26)
Hot plane in hot water
The long-dormant controversy over
the - Ill, the radical sweep-wing
plane designed for both Air Force and
Navy use, is heating up again. The
decision to continue or cancel the
Navy version of the plane may be the
first big imbroglio facing the incoming
Sec. of Defense, Clark Clifford.
The Air Force version is now in
production at the Fort Worth plant of
General Dynamics Corp.. and the Air
Force' is apparently satisfied it will �do
everything expected of it. But rumbles
From the Navy are increasing as the
time draws near for carrier testing.
The F�111B (the Navy version) is
heavier than anticipated. and 'Navy
brass is not convinced it will carry out
the Navy's tasks as well as it will
serve the different missions prescribed
by the Air Force. Weight is a crucial
factor in Navy carrier operations.
The 1 I was designed for versatil-
ity. It can be a fighter or a bomber
'Or a reconaissance plane. It spreads
its wings. for short takeoffs mind land-
ings, folds them back. for flight at up
to two and a half times the speed of
sound. It has long range, and can be
equipped with anything from nuclear
bombs to fast-firing cannon. One l I,
at least theoretically, could take the
place of a fleet of fighters and bomb-
ers of the limited World War II variety.
In fact the main idea behind the F-
111 was to make. it a multipurpose air-
craft. As planes get more sophisticated
in concept (and this one ;narks a big
forward step in technology) the cost
goes up sharply. Defense Sec. Mc-
Namara pushed for the F-lit partly
on the argument that its "commonal-
ity" in use by both services would
save the taxpayers an estimated $I
billion. If the Navy now goes out to
develop different planes for its own
special purposes, the added bill could
run high.
These are complex matters that not
only strain the limits of aircraft tech-
nology, but also involve top-secret
electronics and weaponry. The aver-
age citizen is in no position to judge
whether he is getting a square deal or
not; he must depend on the experts in
the aircraft industry, the generals and
admirals, and the committeemen in
Congress who share in shaping the
Defense Department decisions.
Both interservice rivalry and poli-
tics have intruded in the F-ill pre-
4-N
WALL STREET JOURNAL 26 JAN 68
Washington Wire
CLIFFORD FACES a tough time defending
McNamara's budgeting. Lawmakers complain
that heavy shifting of funds to Vietnam war
pinches arms programs they have voted to
push. A Senate committee will surely zero in
on delay in deployment of the Minuteman III
missile. A hold.down on antimissile spending
will irk Congress.
* * *
HANOI INFLAMES Sihanouk by recruiting
troops inside Cambodia.
That little-known violation of Cambodian
neutrality Is one of the sharpest prods turning
Sihanouk ' against the Reds. North Vietnam,
Vietcong agents recruit among Cambodia's siz-
able Vietnamese minority; some reports claim
they net 4.001:r monthly. The Reds also collect
money and supplies from Vietnamese traders
in Cambodia's capital.
U.S. officials figure Sihanouk is really turn-
ing more. cooperative, despite his charges of
American border violations. The Cambodian
chief told U.S. emissary Bowles he expected
Hanoi to crowd hint some day but not an soon.
SihanoUk made clear he finds the American
presence 'helpful in maintaining Cambodian
independence.
Si/148011k ogress to study State Depart-
ment .intaligence reports of alleged Com-
munist border eiotatione�teresethtny he
enviously rejected.
gram' from its start as the FTX. The
original contract award was the sub-
ject of congressional hearings, and
sniping has continued intermittently
ever since. The stakes are high, for a
plane contract these days may run
into the billions.
Whatever the final decision may be,
we hope it rests on the solid ground
of technology and experience, and is
made only after all possible tests are
complete. Nothing less will ultimately
convince the taxpayer that he is get-
ting his money's worth, and not being
taken for a ride by a coalition of mili-
tary brass, aircraft manufacturers
and congressmen.
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�
FEATURES COLUMNISTS
NEW YORK TIMES � 26 JANUARY 1968
Excerpts From Panmunjom
ttn i.s it,:pititi in Korea.
-rh., Korea. riejtne hits
eitiliarketi en a campaign it;
toe. s thotage iind
dssassination in violation if
the armistice itereement and
international law.
Thtt Itepahltc of Korea and
the United States threaten
re env. El nt Ninth Korean
regime persists in this cam�
;sitars which can only en-
danger the ceata� of this area.
the responsibility for the con-
seqnences wit! rest Ned h tae
North Korean reelme.
By General Pak
,51 the aelith meeting td
this commissimi held fool-
days ago. I again registered a
strong pr,riest with your side
agains;. having infiltrated
into oer coastal waters a
number of armed spy boats,
espionage bandits together
with a group of Si... II, Ko-
rean fishing host is, and re-
peatedly demanded that you
inunediately stop such crimi�
nal acts.
However. between the 0700
and 1730 hours. Jan. 21, the
day after the 2110th meeting
of this commission, year side
again dispatched armed spv
boats together wiili 100-ocld
Si ct Ii Kin can fishing boats
into our coastal waters in the
Nicinity of 38 degrees 40 min-
utes North. 128 degrees 29
minutes East and on Jan. 22
cle,patched armed spy boats
together with 100-odd Smith
Korean fishing boats into our
coastal waters in the eastern
sea in the vicinity of 38 de-
prees 42 minutes North, 128
degrees 32 minutes East to
commit provocative acts.
On Jan. 23. too, your side
again dispatched armed spy
boats together with 100-odd
South Korean fishing boats
into our coastal waters of
the eastern sea in the vicin-
ity of 38 degrees 41 minutes
North, 128 degrees 2l1 min-
utes East. and today, too, is
infiltrating the armed spy
boats together with 100-odd
South Korean fishing boats
in our coastal waters of the
eastern sea.
Your side has continuously
dispatched naval vessels in
our coastal waters to conduct
naval bombardment upon our
coastal area and used even
the South Korean fisherman
as a shield for its aggressive
acts, as you turned out the
South Korean youths as bul-
let shields to the battlefield
ill Vietnam.
'Crude AggrtsLive Act'
In the most overt and seri-
ous aggressive act of infil-
trating an armed spy ship of
the United States imperialist
aggressive army into our
coastal waters on Jan. 23,
that is, around 1215 hous on
Jan. 23, your side committed
a crude aggressive act of il-
legally infiltrating an armcd
spy ship of the United States
imperialist aggressive navy
CONTINUED NEXT PA GE
Exchange
1' lit,
WASHINGTON. Jim. 25�Fol-
lowing cure excerpt,: front fill
exchange yesterday between
Rear Actin. .1 elm V. Smith and
Maj. Gen. Pal; CillII/g Kook.
North Korecou delegate to the
Military Armistice Commission
to Panintinjan, Korea, regard-
ing the seizure ai Pueblo.
By Admiral Smith
I now have one more sub-
ject to raise which is also of
an extremely serious nature.
This concerns the nriminal
boarding and seizure of the
U.S. naval vessel Pueblo in
international waters on 23
January lefl5. at approxi-
mately 1330 local time
by North Korean forces.
This matter is appropriate
for discussion -because it is
part ef new pattern of North
Korea belligerence and ag-
� gressive actions which dan-
gerously increase tensions in
this area. If they are per-
sisted in. they will have most
serious consequences to
maintenance ofaannistice and
to preservation of peace in
Korea. These . hostile acts
cannot he perpetrated with
impunity.
It is important that yeti
understand difference be-
tween international and ter-
ritorial waters and rights ac-
corded ships nf all nations,
especially public vessels, in
international waters.
� You must surely realize
that any public vessel has
complete immunity from
jurisdiction of any state other
than the flag state. This in,
munitv to interference has
long been recognized in cus-
tomary international law,
and specifically in the con-
vention on high seas.
The Pueblo was in inter-
national waters at the time
of the incident, its exact loca-
tion being latitude 39 degrees
20 mineus North, longitude
127 degrees 54 minutes East.
It was over 16 nautical miles
from land. Its location was
exact, as the ship was
equipped with modern navi-
gational equipment.
Apology Demanded
In the interest of comlvina-
with the laws and customs
of nations, it is necessary
that your regime do the fol-
lowing:
I. Return the vessel and
crew intact, immediately.
2. Apologize to the United
-States Government for this
illegal action.
You are also advised that
the United States reserves
the right to ask for compen-
sation under . international
law.
Further, I hav^
quested hi' by the United States
Government to say the fol-
lowing directly to you.
Events of the last year, and,
especially the last few days.
have put a new complexion
NEW YORK TINES � 26 JANUARY 1968
Call-Up: A First Step
Mobilization of Reserve Units Viewed
As Move Toward Greater Readiness
By HANSON W
The mobilization of 14,787
reservists yesterday is a first
step toward increasing the
readiness and effectiveness of
the United States armed forces
around the world. Military
souri..eJ indicated that the Joint
Chiefs of Staff had repeatedly
recommended limited mobiliza-
tion or the Reserves ever since
� our first commit-
ment of ground
News combat units to
Analysis Vietnam in the
Spring of 1965.
The Administra-
tion, however, chose to expand
,the armed forces by increased
draft calls and enlistments, by
forming new units, and by
transferring personnel from all
over the world to Vietnam. I
Inventories of weapons, am-;
munition and equipment in'
Europe, Korea and the Unitedi
States were drawn down to
l
support our forces in Vietnam.
The experience level of the
armed forces was materially
reduced by massive and con-
tinuous personnel turnovers, in-
cident to the one-year rotation
policy in Vietnam and the two-
year draft.
A production policy, spon-
sored by Secretary of Defense
Robert S. McNamara, tailored
to the concept that United
States factories would turn out,
whatever was needed to supply!
the needs of the Vietnam war.
and our other forces overseas
but not much more than that,
was to be avoided, and, after
munition and equipment, such
as those that followed World
War II and the Korean war,
was tobe avoided, and,after
the war ended, the depletoi
inventories around the world
were to be replaced as muni-
tions factories gradually re-
duced their production and
thus eased the transition froml
war to peace. 1
Risks Were Involved
These policies, though attrar-I
tive politically and economi-i
rally, involved military risks.
Military and Congressional
leaders have repeatedly warned
that the concentration of half
a million men in Vietnam had
depleted United States ready
strength elsewhere; many had
indicated that we were "spread
thin," and that if any other
major incident occurred else-
where in the world or if many
additional troops were required
for Vietnam mobilization would
be mandatory.
Officers in Washington be-
ieve that the seizure of the
Pueblo by the North Koreans.
the other aggressive actions
of the North Koreans and the
massive re-enforcements the
North Vietnamese have sent to
the Khesanh area along the
demilitarized zone in Vietnam
1�F
. BALDWIN
were the catalysts that led to
'the President's reaction.
The call-up of units of the
t Air National Guard, Air Re-
iserve, and the Naval air arm
lis viewed not only as a political
land psychological reaction to
Ithe Pueblo seizure, but also
as an attempt to strengthen
what is probably the weakest
and most strained element of
the nation's military strength
�its tactical air power.
The weakness, in places like
Korea and Japan, of United
States tactical air strength was
underscored by the Pueblo in-
cident. Most of the Tactical
Air Command's available squad-
rons�except a few engaged in
training activities � have al-
ready been concentrated in
Vietnam; four squadrons have
been withdrawn from Europe.
and the Navy's carrier air
wings in the Mediterranean and
Atlantic have been under-
strength in planes and pilots.
One informed officer said
yesterday that, without doubt,
the most serious worldwide
shortage was aircraft and heli-
copter& and the pilots to man
them. He also said that "no.
body's ammunition- reserve �
with the exception of Vietnam
� was back to the pre-Viet-
nam level," and he predicted
that if any "continuous shoot-
ing started in Korea or else-
where various shortages would
soon develop.
The units ordered to active
duty yesterday will add 372
aircraft and almost 14,800 men
to the regular forces. The Air
National Guard units, which for
the bulk of the call-up, are in
a fairly high state of readi-
ness, even though their North
American F-100 fighters, and
their McDonnell RF-101 recon-
naissance planes are old and
are no match for Soviet Migs.
The six Naval Reserve squad-
rons with 72 aircraft are
equipped with Ling-Temco-
Vought F-8 fighters and with
Douglas A-4B attack planes.
Both are old; the Douglas model
is the second oldest of the A-4
line. The six Air Reserve
squadrons fly transport and
rescue planes � all of them
old but still serviceable.
Two Purposes Seen
This very modest increment
to United States air 'strength
may serve two military pur-
poses, officers believe: the Re-
serve squadrons and personnel
may free regular units in this
country for service overseas,
and they will provide an initial
augmenting of the number of
aircraft available, a particularly
important element in a con-
ventional and nonatomic war
where numbers of aircraft are
ifar more important than in a
I nuclear war.
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PANIRRIJOH...CONT ID
equipped with variovs
ons and all kinds of equip-
ment necessary for espionage
activitics into our coastal
waters eff Wonsan in the
vicinity ef 39 degrees 17
minutes North, 127 degrees
46 minutes East.
The zrmcd spy chip of the
United States imperialist ag-
gressive navy intruded further
eart into our coastal waters
and committed intolerable
provocations against our side.
Our naval vessels, which
were carrying out their rou-
tine patrol duty in our coastal
waters, returned the fire upon
the piratical group that in-
truded deep into our coastal
waters and insolently made
resistance, thus killing and
wounding several soldiers of
the United States imperialist
aggressive army, capturing
80-odd of them alive.
Thus, now in our nanas are
the armed spy ship, 1,000-odd
tons of the United States im-
perialist aggressive navy
which your side deliberately
dispatched into our coastal
waters for reconnaissance
upon our side and scores of
small arms, including anti-
aircraft machine guns and
other large quantities of'
weapons and equipment nec-
essary for espionage pur-
poses, including tens of thou-
sands of ammunition of vari-
ous kinds and hand grenades
equipped an the ship.
Notwithstanding that you
have committed overt aggres-
sive acts, you have indulged
in making charges in an at-
� tempt to cover up the truth
of your piratical act by dis-
torting the facts as if your
armed ship had been in inter-
national waters.
-Charge Is 'Preposterous'
Your preposterous charge
only graphically reveals the
" barbarous and shameless na-
ture of the United States
imperialist aggressors.
The recent vicious hostile
act by your side is a link in
the chain of the, United States
imperialist aggressive policy
for provoking a new war of
aggression after further ag-
gravating tension in Korea.
It is the most overt aggres-
sive act, an open challenge
to the Korean people.
I strongly demand you to
frankly admit the violations,
provocations and aggressive
acts committed by your side
in the DM7 and in our coastal
waters, to apologize to our
side for them, to sever*
punish as required by the
armistice agreement the mad
culprits who organized and
commanded the incidents and
all the criminals involved in
them.
Reply by Admiral Smith
Your last wild statement
and distorted version of your
piracy off Wonsan were ob-
viously intended to divert at-
tention from your regime's
attempt to assassinate the
President of the Republic of
Korea and your actual cap-
ture of a United States naval
vessel in international waters.
I will investigate any reason-
able allegations but I will not
be diverted by your tactic.
I have nothing further.
RIv Rv Ceneral Pak
1IL�UP CORM)
Yesterday's orders 'affected
about one-seventh of the Air
National Guard's total strength
� about 1,557 additional air-
craft and 74,418 men remain
in reserve status. The Naval
Air Reserve could provide an
additional 194 squadrons; only
six have been called up. The
Air Reserve still has 312 planes.
Most of these units:kowever,
have old equipment and many
of them would require con-
siderable refresher training.
Ground elements of the Na-
tional Guard and the Reserve
are not nearly as ready as the
air components. These units
are now in the midst of an-
other of the periodic reorgani-
zations that have occurred and
recurred in the last six years,
and only a few brigades are
adequately trained and equipped
for deployment without a long
period of training on active
duty.
The Fourth Marine Division,
a reserve unit, is probably the
best equipped and most ready
of all reserve ground units:. it
maintains a mobilization cadre
on active duty at Camp Pendle-
ton in California. It is short of
some items of equipment, and
its air and helicopter support
are deficient, but it could be
ready for action quickly.
Of the regular active units,
the Army's 82d Airbome Divi-
sion at Fort Bragg, N. C., has �
:a higher state of readiness than
lany other unit in this country.
The Second Marine Division at
Camp Lejeune, N. C., "can go
fight," as one officer put it,
ibut "they're down"; they have
!served as a kind of "depot
division" for Vietnam.
Two armored divisions in
Texas and the Fifth Infantry
Division (Mechanized) are in
much the same category, Al-
most two regiments of the Fifth
Marine Division at Camp Pen-
dleton are in pretty good
shape, and there are smaller
units of various types around
the country that could be
brought up to strength fairly
quickly.
The experience level�par-
ticularly in officers and non-
coms�and the logistical and
support the Seventh Army in
Germany have dropped appre-
ciably since the start of the
Vietnam fighting. In Korea, the
Second and Seventh Infantry
Divisions are short of -helicop-
ters, some signal equipment
and other items.
Don't wag your tongue at
random at this table after
proof of a 'Most overt and
vicious provocation and the
aggressive acts committed by
your side in the DMZ and in
our coastal waters has been
exposed to the whole world.
If your side has any slight-
est intention to preserve the
Korean armistice, don't ride
roughshod but draw due les-
sons from . . . the doom of
a large armed spy ship which
was captured recently by our
side while sneaking into our
coastal waters. When the
real state of your serious
crime has been exposed to
the world, all you have to do
is to admit military provocaL
tions and aggressive acts
committed by your side,
apologize ,for them, and as-
sure this table that you will
not recommit Such criminal
acts.
NDit TTh � 26 JANUARY 1968
Text a Order on Call-up
Special to The 5e� York Ilmes
WASHINGTON, Jan. 25�Fol-
lowing is the text of President
Johnson's executive order ceil-
ing Isp Air Reserve units to
active duty. The locations of
the units have been added in
brackets.
EXECUTIVE ORDER
No. 11392
Ordering Certain Units of
the Ready Reserve of the
Naval Reserve, Air Force
Reserve and Air National
Guard of the United
States to Active Duty.
By virtue of the authority
vested in me by Paragraph
(E) of Title 1 of the Depart-
ment of Defense Appropria-
tion Act, 1967 (80 Stat. 981),
and as President of the
United States, I hereby order
the following, units of the
Ready Reserve of the Naval
Reserve, the Air Force Re-
serve and the Air National
Guard of the United States
to active duty for a period
of not to exceed 24 months:
(1) 113th Tactical Fighter
Wing, Air National Guard
of the United States.
[Washington, D.C.]
(2) 113th Tactical Fighter
Group, Air National
. Guard of the United
States. [Washington,
D.C.]
(3) 177th Tactical Fighter
Group, Air National
Guard of the United
States. [Atlantic City,
N. J.]
(4) 107th Tactical Fighter
Group, Air National
Guard of the United
'States. [Niagara Falls,
N.Y.].
(5) 121st Tactical Fighter
Group, Air National
Guard of the United
States. [Lockboume,
Ohio.]
(6) 140th
Wing,
Guard
States.
(7) 140th
Group,
Guard
States.
(8) 184th
Group,
Guard
States.
(9) 185th
Group,
Guard
-States.
Iowa.]
Tactical Fighter
Air National
of the United
[Denver, Colo.]
Tactical Fighter
Air National
of the United
[Denver, Colo.]
Tactical Fighter
Air National
of the United
(Wichita, Ran.]
Tactical Fighter
Air National
of the Unite.
[Sioux Cit.,
�
(10) 150th Tactical Fighter
Group, Air National
Guard of the United
States. [Albuquerque,
N. M.]
(11) 123d Tactical Recon-
naissance Wing, Air Na-
tional Guard of the
United States. [Louis-
ville, Ky.]
(12) I23d Tactical Reconnais-
sance Group, Air Na-
tional Guard of the
United states. [Louis-
ville, Ky.]
(13) 189th Tactical Recon-
naissance Group, Air Na-
tional Guard of the
United States . [Little
� Rock, Ark]
(14) 152d Tactical Recon-
naissance Group, Air Na-
tional Guard of the
United States. [Reno,
Nev.]
(15) 445th Military Airlift
Wing, Air Force Reserve.
[Dobbins Air Force Base,
Marietta, Ga.]
(16) 918th Military Airlift
Group, Air Force Reserve.
[Dobbins Air Force Base,
Marietta, Ga.]
(17) 904th Military Airlift
Group, Air Force Reserve.
[Stewart Air Force Base,
Newburgh, N. Y.]
(18) 305th Air Reserve Res-
cue Squadron, Air Force
Reserve. [Selfridge Air
Force Base, Mount Clem-
ens, Mich.]
(19) 349th Military Airlift
Wing, Air Force Reserve.
[Hamilton Air Force Base,
� San Rafael, Calif.]
(20) 938th Military Airlift
Group, Air Force Reserve.
(Hamilton Air Force Base,
San Rafael. Calif.]
(21) 921st Military Airlift
Group, Air Force Reserve.
[Kelly Air Force Base, San
Antonio, Tex.]
(22) 941st Military Airlift
Group, Air Force Reserve.
[McChord Air Force Base,
Tacoma, Wash.]
(23) Attack Squadron VA 776,
� Naval Reserve. [Los Ala-
mito, Calif.]
(24) Attack SquadrOn VA 831,
Naval Reserve. [New York
City.]
(25) Attack Squadron VA 873,
Naval Reserve. [Alameda,
Calif.]
(26) Fighter Squadron VF 661,
Naval Reserve. [Washing-
ton, D. C.]
,(27) Fighter Squadron VF 703,
Naval Reserve. [Dallas,
Tex.]
(28) Fighter Squadron VF 931,
Nava rlRaeserre.
Grove,
NEWSWEEK � 29 JOUARY 1968 (26)
COOLING THE NL/CAR ARMS RACE
The Atomic Energy Cpnunission is closing two
more plutonium reactors in February�one at
Hanford near Richland, Wash., and the other on
the Savannah River near Aiken, S.C. The shut-
downs continue a trend caused by the leveling-
off of the US. nuclear-bomb stockpile and the
reduction in the size of the bombs themselves.
The big 25-megaton warheads have been dis-
mantled in favor of 10-megaton and 1-megaton
sizes, and even smaller bombs arc on the way
... U.S. defense officials have taken another step
to cool off the nuclear arms race. They let word
get out that the advanced Minuteman-3 ICBM,
which will carry multiple warheads, will be de-
layed in its initial operational capability or de-
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NEW YORK TIMM � 26 JANUARY ]96E
Force at Khesanh forced apparently b3. the 304th
The largest battle 01 the war�
in Vietnam appeared to he Mi.
pending yesterday around Khe.
th 'such and near e dennilita�
;rized zone.
' The .North Vietnamese have
apparently concentrated the
biggest single force they have
yet assembled around the west-
ern end of the 17th Parallel
and in nearby Laos. Enemy
artillery and mortar positions
have been prepared within
range of United States Marine
positions. and heavy shelling
has begun. It .....its clear that
Gee. Vo Nguyen Clap, the
North Vietnamese Defense Min-
ister, tr.,�ing to repeat his
h 1954 victory against the Frenc
at Dienbienphu in the hope of
forcing negotiations on Hanoi's
terms.
The exact strength of the
enemy reinforcements massing
near Khesanh and the nearby
Marine position known as the
Rockpile. near the western end
of the demilitarized zone, is
not known. but yesterday Ma-
rine spokesmen estimated that
the enemy had concrntrated
35.000 'nen within 11) to 20
miles of khesanh.
Before the build-tip, the
main force�organized and uni�
formed enemy units�in the
five northern prOVincro totaled
about 50 maneuver battalions,
or 33,000 men, including enemy
units astride the, buffer zone.
They are supported in the
whole region�known as the 1
Corps area�by 17.000 to
18,000 guerrillas.
There were eletnents of
North Vietnam's Divisions 324B
and 325C near the zone, plus
seven or eight separate battal-
ions, their strength estimated
at 17,000 men.
This force has been rein.
Division and by several rrei�
ments of the 341st Division. to
a total of 40,000 or 45,000
men.
These troops are supported
by 100 or 150 guns, including
100-mm., 122-mm., 130-mm.
and 132.inm. pieces, and by
many mortars. These weapons,
with many alternate firing po-
sitions. are normally well dug
in and expertly camouflaged.
Some are in the demilitarized
zone north of the 17th Parallel
and in Laos.
At least one surface-to-air-
missile site has been prepared
just north Cl' the zone, and
three or four launchers are in-
termittently moved into it. Anti-
aircraft fire is also provided by
about five radar-controlled 85.
nun, guns in the area of the
zone, and by many light auto-
matic guns, ranging in size
front 12.7-mm. to 57-mm.
United States forces have
progressively shifted their
strength northward to meet the
heavy enemy concentrations.
Recently, the First Marine Divi-
sion, operating in an area
reaching well south of Danang,
shifted its lines northward to
take over some of the area of
the Third Marine Division,
About 6,000 South Korean
marines, in a brigade of four
battalions, shifted their area of
responsibility northward from
Chulai to relieve the First Ma-
rine Division.
In turn, the Third Marine
Division, responsible for the de-
fense of the demiliterized zone,
shifted nearly all of its strength
into Quangtri Province, adja-
cent to the zone. with support-
ing elements in Quangnam, just
south of Quangtri.
A brigade of the Army's
First Cavalry Division (Airmo-
bile) has been moved northward
NEW YORK TIMES � 26
Washington:
By JAMES RlisTON
WASH iNGTON. its. 23 �
There is an air of crisis in the
capital these days. The talk is
it a hank,. War and macho
IWC.11 .4 more wte- Jiver the
capture of the U.S.S. Pueblo in
North Korea., but the anxious
talk and tilt" big headlines
could easily he misleading.
II is not the strategic picture
in Asia that is changing but
the Administration itself. On
the basis of the intelligence re-
ports so far, there is no evi-
dence that the Communists are
trying to open up a "second
front" in Korea. On the basis
of reliable reports from knowl-
edgeable officials, there is no
basic change in the Govern-
ment's plans for continuing the
war as before.
Reserves' Call-Up
The call-up of 14.600 Air
Reserves and Naval and Air
Support units' is not necessary
to deal with the Pueblo inci-
dent. The call-up may be useful
in supporting our diplomatic
efforts to get the ship and its
83-man crew released, but the
Administration has been under
pressure to call these reserves
for Vietnam, and that is where
they are likely to be used in
the end.
Nevertheless, the optimism
JANUARY 1968
An Air of Cris'
or the Pre-Christmas period is
� now g:ving way in uneasiness
for a micty of reasons. The
enemy is obviously building up
for a major assault on the
U.S. Marine base at Khesanh
near the demilitarized zone,
and apparently has managed in
bring up some large artillery
guns for the purpose. The ex-
pectation here is that this may
produce the biggest battle of
the war in about a week, right
after the Tct truer.
In addition, the crash of an
Air Force plane in Greenland
with four 1-1-bombs aboard, the
pressure on the dollar and the
U.S. balance of payments
abroad, the announcement that
the British are pulling out of
Malaysia and the Persian Gulf
�all these in recent days have
made people aware of the com-
plexity and danger of Ameri-
ca's military and. economic
problems across the globe.
None of these events has
changed anything fundamen-
tally, but they have made an
edgy capital conscious of the
possibilities of change. What if
the Communists were bringing
up new and longer-range weap-
ons into the battle? What if
they did create new diversion-
ary guerrilla fronts along the
vast Communist borderland
from North Korea, through
Laos, and Afghanistan to the
to Phubai as a general reserve.
Thus in all of the I Corps
area, there :ire 137,900 allied
troops, including 34 battalions
of the South Vietnamese Army
plus militia units with 55.00.0
men, and other military forces:
21 United States Marine bat-
talions. including 2 aboard ships
of the Seventh Fleet: ISru-
mor,. United States Army hal�
talkins, and a brigade of 4
hattalionS of Korean marines.
Of this total, about 10 Unit�
el States Marine �battalions,
plus man' supporting units�
mtaling 2.0,000 marines�are in
Quangtri Province.
The headquarters of the 20t1,
Marine Regiment is dug in
near Ehesanh, a western flank
position iif the demilitarized
zone's defenses. 7 miles from
the Laotian border and IR stiles
south of the zone.
The Marines hold three key
hills around � Khesanh � 991
North, 881 South and 861.
designated according to their
heights in meters. The hills
command the valley approach
from Laos along Route 9.
At least 5,000 to 6,000 ma-
rines man positions in the
Khesanh area. Others, along
v.,ith the South Vietnamese
First Division, hold positions
extending along Route 9 and to
the North of it, east and west.
of Route 1 and along Route 561
between Camlo and Conthien.
The positions extend from the
sea at the Cua Viet to Giolinh,
Dongha, Conthien and Camlo,
and then to Khesanh, the Rock-
pile, Camp Carroll and Langvei,
the site of an allied camp two
miles from the Laotian border.
The headquarters of the
;Third Marine Division are at
,Dongha, where officers control
lthe heavy fires that support the
forward Marine posts. Dongha.
is within artillery range of en-
emy guns north of the 17th
Parallel, so an alternate land-
ing strip and supply point have
been built near Quangtri to the
Persian Gulf and the Niediter-
rancan?
11 is the fear'of the
of otort. attacks and new long-
er.range weapons, rather tlenn
actual evidence of new rnonly
plans on other fronts that toe.
tributes to the uncertainiy of
the moment.
Also the Jottnson Adminstra-
lion is itself being transformed.
In the last few weeks, the
President has TCCI..Ved the resig-
nations of Secretary of Defense
McNatnara, Secretary of Health.
Education and Welfare John
Gardner, and the ;leads of lily
Bureau of the Budget. Charles
L. Schultze, and the Council of
Economic Advisers, Gardner
Ackley. There are persistent
rumors that these will he fol-
lowed before long by Secretary
of the Treasury Henry H.
Fowler, and the Secretary of
the Interior Stewart Udall.
The loss of McNamara, Gard-
ner and Schultze, all wide-mind-
ed, objective and highly com-
petent men, has not done any-
thing to reassure the Capital.
These are all non-political offi-
cials, who have had their doubts
about the Administration's pri-
orities or lack thereof, and
while they have given up their
key jobs quietly, the Capital
cannot quite believe that their
stated reasons for leaving told
the whole story.
Anyway, whatever the tea-
3-F
smith along Highway .1.
The fire support available to
th,.. Third Marine Division 'rob-
.,b'y the heaviest
,..,ncemrati�n ef artillery and
an rapport ol fiii war in Viet-
nam. In addition to the ma-
itivi.arnal artillery and
tank guns. ranging upward
(ion, Ow Third Marine
Division. is �tmptirted by 3.000
Army men, nos, of them ar-
tiller:, men organized in the
['ONO] Artilicr!.� Group. Most of
the strength of this group sup-
ponts the area of the demili-
tari.",x1 zone.
This groin, opisrate; two bat-
talions plus two extra batteries
guns. totaling 32
eons, one battery id four 9-
inch howitzers: u uni battalions
155-mm. howitzers with 36
eties: six Wit:ikons of I05-mm.
howitzers with 109 guns: two
batteries of "Ouad 50's," or
tracked vehicles carrying four
.50-calibre machine guns
apiece, and four batteries of
"Dusters," tracked vehicles
with twin 40-nnon, guns.
lit all, sonic 2.itip major guns
are firing, and there is naval
support from 5-inch .39.caliber,
3-inch .54-calibcr and 9-inch
guns.
In addition most planes of
the First Marine Air wine.
based arc,und Darning, are
tivailablc for support.
The wing numbers almost
16,000 turn and is the largest
in the Marine Corps. It flies
many different types if air-
craft, iel luding jet fighter-
bombers and helicopters, trans-
ports and cargo planes. spotter
aircraft and utility planes.
'This is a formidable force,
but the enemy has the advan-
tages of numbers, and of sanc-
tuaries in Laos and in North
Vietnam. And in this area, un-
like any other in South Viet-
nam, he can be supported by
artillery across the frontier or
north of the 17th Parallel.
not going be-
cat's, Cie Administration is on
the '..,:egt� of ominous new poli-
cies they do not like. The tone
,if the is clearly
politcai than it was just
a few weeks ago, and being
nine, poli tlt al. ii sounds more
Clifford's Testimony
That wins obvious in the ten-
Ii' Clark Clifford, Mc-
Noinara's replacement at the
Pentagon. on Capitol Hill tb-
day.. He look the hard line on
:Ito bombing of North Vietnain,
Where McNamara talked about
"pant:. -- of nuclear weapons '
with th, Soviet. Cliffoid
wanted "s a premacy." Where
McNamara had his doubts
about nuclear powered surface
ships, Clifford seemed to he for
them. Where McNamara fought
against a new family nf g
bombers to replace tile B-5%
Chtford was sympathetic to the
idea, and he was determined ro
stay in Vietnam until the Sal-.
gun Government was sure ..of
maintaining itself against Corn-
monist pressure. which prob-
ably means indefinitely.
All this pleased the ArtnO
Services Committee members,
but it did nothing to reassuee
a capital that has absorbed teo
many changes and accidents
and threats for comfort sinee
the beginning of the new yedi.
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WASIIPGTON PCST � 26 JANUARY 1968 gip
Soviet reaction RAtrained
Soviet dilute the American focus on
By Anatole Slush
Wishing-ton Post Foreign Service
MOSCOW, Jan. 25 � Soviet
commentators today compared
the Pueblo affair to the Ton-
kin Gulf incident of August.
1964, which brought on the
first American bombing of
North Vietnam. They also
linked the adventures of the
spy ship to both the B-52 crash
in Greenland and events in
Southeast Asia as evidence of
Washington's "provocative"
and "dangerous" course.
Soviet press comment was
on the whole restrained, con-
sisting mainly of relaying
facts and opinions from The
Washington Post, New York
Times and other Western
newspapers and press agen-
cies.
The press appeared to be
half a day behind events,
which is not unusual here, and
offered little evidence that the
Soviet leaders have yet.
banded down a firm line on the.
Thus, tonight's lzvestia left!
it to New York correspondent!
S. Kondrashov to compare the;
"highly strung, nervous atmos-.
phere" in Washington to the
time of the attack on the U.S. i
destroyer Maddox in the Ton-!
kin Gulf.
Tass, in a long account by ;
Moscow commentator Igor
Orlov, eoncentrated on the
"angry reaction of world opin-
ion," recalled the U-2 case and
similar spy incidents, and said
the Pueblo affair "should be
taken together" with "the in-
vasion of neutral Cambodia by
American troops" and the B-52
accident.
Intense Interest
While Soviet media showed
no signs of attempting to fan
a crisis atmosphere, Moscow
observers had little doubt of
the Kremlin's intense interest
in the outcome of the affair.
The Soviet Union is linked to
North Korea by a mutual se-
curity treaty, and North Korea
has in recent months played a
key role in Soviet maneuvers
within the world Communist
movement. ,
The Soviet-North Korean
treaty, signed in .1961 and
valid until 1971, declares that
If one of the parties "is ex-
posed- to an armed attack" the
other pasty "will immediately
render military assistance
with the help of all the means
at its disposal."
Within the world Commu-
nist movement, the North Ko-
reans had been considered
pro-Chinese until Peking
launched its Cultural Revolu-
tion in July, 1966. Patient
wooing by the Soviet Union
since that time, and particu-
larly in recent months, has
brought fair results.
Friendship
North Korea was � repre-
sented, although not at sum-'
mit level, at Moscow's 50th an-
niversary celebrations last No-
vember. The Soviet leaders'
have also gone to considerable �
lengths in the hope of obtain-
ing North Korean participa-
tion in next month's Budapest
international communist "con-
sultative meeting" and in the
big world conference that the
Russians hope will follow:
For example, the Soviet
leaders deliberately renounced
any hope of Yugoslav partici-
pation in those meetings
largely because that would
make North Korean attend-
ance impossible, The North
Koreans still resent Yogosla-
via's support for the United;
Nations effort in the Korean;
war (which coincided with thel
Stalin-Tito conflict), and duni
tog their long pro-Chinese;
phase they firmly condemned!
Yogoslav "revisionism."
Still another price the Sol
viet Union appears to havei
paid for partly weaning North!
Korea away from China has.
been a muting of Russia's dia-
logue with Japan. There havei
been numerous indications,
since last summer that move-
ment toward a big Soviet-Japa
nese deal � possibly including!
a peace treaty, return of some:
small islands to Japan, and
major Japanese investments!
in Siberia � has been slowed!
down partly to appease North!
Korea, which is involved m
several disputes with the Japa-
nese.
Moscow Follows
These and other signs of
North Korea's special place in
Soviet calculations appear to
indicate that Moscow is in-
clined to follow, rather than
lead. Pyongyang in the Pueblo
incident. That was the case on �
Tuesday, when Soviet Deputy
Foreign Minister Vassily Kuz-
netsov told American Ambas-
sador Llewellyn Thompson;
that Moscow would not inter-I
cede with Pyongyang, and that
the United States should ad-,
dress its inquiries directly to j
the North Koreans.
This state of affairs could be,
promising or dangerous, de-'
pending on the North Koreans!
and the United States.
Should the North Koreans
devise a face-saving compro-
mise, such as 'keeping the'
'Pueblo while releasing its
crew, the Soviet Union would
certainly be among the first to
applaud. But should honor and
pride in Pyongyang and Wash-
ington bring on � a second Ko-
rean war, the Soviet Union, a
thermonuclear power, bound
by treaty .and .a common fron-
tier to North Korea, would be
placed in a much more diffi-
cult position than by the con-
flict in Vietnam.
I News agencies reported
these foreign reactions to the
; Pueblo seizure and related
events:
The . et news agency
-Tass termed the U.S. cation
,of 14,600 reserve airmen a
� "threatening act."
j British Prime Minister Wil-
son, just -back from an official
'visit to Moscow, said the Unit-
ed States did not ask him to
'discuss the incident while he
was there. "St did not seem
:appropriate to raise rt and I
had not been asked to do so,"
toitson said.
London's Foreign Office "de-
plored" the ship's seizure and I
said it was convinced the Pueb-1
lo had been in international l�
waters. The Times of London,'
while declaring that there was I
no legal justification for the:
capture, cautioned that "there
should be no reason in prin-
ciple why the seizure . . .
should lead to a males- inter-
national crisis."
There was still no official
French comment on the inci-
dent. The consensus in the
press was that North Korea's
action was a deliberate provo-
cation as part of an effort to
PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER
26 JANUARY 1968
Wife Doubts It
Taped Voice
Bucher's?
Special to The inquirer
And Los Angeles Times
SAN DIEGO, Calif., Jan. 25.�
The wife of the Navy commander
who allegedly told his North Ko-
rean captors that the spy ship
Pueblo was on a secret mission
for the Central Intelligence Agen-
cy-heard the tape of her hus-
band's confession Thursday and
said the voice did not seem to be
his.
-I'm not sure that that is my
husband's voice," Mrs. Rose
Bucher said as she listened to the
the tape for the first time. "It
doesn't sound like my husband."
That was her only response
when asked whether Cmdr. Lloyd
Bucher, skipper of the ship that
was captured in the open sea off
North Korea', would be likely to
confess under pressure. ,
Although Mrs. Bucher remain-
led outwardly calm during the
first of many interviews, she be-
gan weeping, and friends reveal-
ed that she had been examined by
!Navy, doctors. after she became
!ill during the night.
Vietnam, Donlad Louchheim
of ' The Washington. Post.
reported from, Paris. There
was -muted press criticism of
fret d pSitit. t in sfuocrhaallosvivtiunag
lion. Nowhere was there was
there . any support for an
American-military reaction.
The Vatican newspaper
L'Osservatore Romano called
for "prudence and sincerity."
and warned that the Korean
incident and the Vietnam
fighting" were further compli-
cating the situation in South-
east Asia.
: The official North Viet'
namese newspaper Nhan Dan
!called the capture of the
Pueblo a "fitting lesson" to
U.S. "warmongers." Under
the headline "U.S. provoca-
teurs caught red-handed in
'Korea," the newspaper con-
demned the American "bally-
hoo" over the incident and ac-
cused the United States of
sending spy ships into Korean
waters many times and of
thousands of shellings and in-
trusions into North Korea.
WASHINGTON STAR
25 JANUARY 1968(26)
A 'Think Tank'
For Congress?
� By the Associated Press
Rep. Ogden R. Reid, R-N.Y.,
says he thinks Congress needs
a "think tank."
He introduced a bill yester-
day to create a congressional
center for study of domestic and
international policy. The meas-
ure would earmark $115 mil-
lion for the center, which would
bring together scholars and re-
searchers from throughout the
country.
Reid said, "Congress must
have the capacity to initiate
policy rather than merely eval-
uate and implement that pro-
posed by the executive branch.
And to do so, our research must
be both independent and crea-
tive."
! Mrs. Bucher, with her sons,
:Mark, 15,- and Michael, 13, has
been living in an apartment hotel
here since November, when
Bucher shipped out an the
Pueblo. He was expected to re-
turn in April.
ARMY TIMES � 24 JANUARY 1968 (26)
� 'Teti Many Lawyers' Foul M-16 Report
A SPECIAL House Armed Services Subcommittee lashed out at
the Army's handling of the M-16 rifle program and criticized the
performance of the weapon in a mid-October report.
So tar- there's been no off,cial Army comment on the document.
Pentagon aides claim there're "too many lawyers" in the Defense
Department who appear more interested in how the answer should be
Phrased rather than the sub,stanee of the response.
One criticism which particularly bugs Army leaders is the subcom-
mittee contention the Army, is guilty of criminal negligence in the
handling of the hf-lI3 effort.
4�F
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President Johnson took a If dij.lornatie efforts fail en.
classic step up the escalation tirely � and it is not yet clear
ladder today in his efforts to that they are going to fail � the
impress upon the North Koreans theory of escalation would call
his intention Co get the USS for the application of military
Pueblo and her crew returned, pressure in small increments.
11111.
WASHINGTON STAR, 25 3anuary.68 (26)
Johnson Takes a Step
'Up Escalation Ladder
short range for the ship's jet
By ORR KELLY aircraft; but far enough cut to
niar SOU Writer give the ships great flexibility.
The call-up of 14,600 Air
simply be a,
such might sim
Force, Navy and Air National One 0. force�positioning1�
T the
Guard reservists was almost '"'"
Enterprise visibly in interne-
identically the same as Presi- tioal waters off the port of Won-
san. for example.
the Cuban missile crisis in 1962.
Another might be an action
The call-up�the first move
in a wide range of military matched to that of the North
Koreans�perhaps the seizure of
steps available to the Presi-
dent�was undoubtedly design-
one of their boats. This kind of
ed to reinforce Johnson's diplo-
action could not be matched ex-
matic efforts to get the ship actly to the North Korean action
back because their navy doesn't have
In testimony before the Sen-
any ships as large as the Pueblo
ate Armed Services Committee �an illustration of the difficul-
today, Clark M. Clifford, the
ties a ''superpower" has in deal-
Presidentls choice as new sec-
ing with a very small nation.
retary of defense, emphasized Slightly higher up the scale
that most of the military Sc- Tight be the destruction of some
r
tions which have been suggest-
ecce of North Korean property
ed in connection with the Pueb- of the approximate value of the
Pueblo. A coastal radar station
tee the safe return of the cap-
lo incident would not guaran-
might be shelled, for example.
Extremely unlikely in these
tured crewmen thus emphasiz-
early steps would be any effort
log the importance of diplomat-
ic efforts, to send Navy or Marine units
If the initial diplomatic ef-
into the port of Wonsan to take
back the ship by force � espe-
forts fail, however, the Presi-
dent has other military options cially while the North Koreans
e the Pueblo's crew metes-
pressure might be used to bring a
pressure on the North Koreans
and their allies.
In the last few years, both
civilians like Dr. Herman Kahn,
the author of a number of stud-
ies of escalation, and military
leaders like Gen. Maxwell Tay-
lor, who developed the policy of
"flexible response," have writ-
ten volumes on the options the
President has in reacting to al-
most any emergency.
These studies, now thoroughly
incorporated into the Pentagon's
basic milker, strategy, are un-
doubtedly being relied upon as
the President, his civilian
advisers and the Joint Chiefs
of Staff try to devise a method
for getting the ship and crew
back with the least possible
difficulty.
In Kahn's studies, the seizure
of a ship in international waters
ranks very high up the scale of
military escalation. But the situ-
ation would obviously be vastly
more grave if the seizure had
been undertaken by the Soviet
Union rather than one of the
smallest nations in the Commu-
nist bloc.
Before today's announcement
and the further hint that some
ground forces may be called to
active duty, the U.S. already
climbed a significant number of
rungs up the ladder of escala-
tion. It moved both diplo-
maitcally�with apparently un-
successful attempts to enlist the
aid of the Soviet Union�and
militarily, with the dispatch of
a nuclear task force headed by
the carrier U.S.S. Enterprise to
the Sea of Japan. This force is
reported now about 200 miles
off the Korean coast. This is
bers as hostages.
Under the theory of escalation,
these steps should be taken
quite rapidly, with a pause after
each step to see if the North
Koreans are ready to give the
ship tack,
In tkeory, the North Koreans
should be made to believe that
the U.S. is prepared to use all
necessary force to get the ship
back�even eventual use of nu-
clear weapons. If they really be-
lieve this, the theory goes, they
will accede to the U.S. demands
at a low point on the escalation
ladder rather than at a high.
point.
One of the most awkward diffi-
culties facing Johnson and his.
advisers is that the North Ko-�
reans might not believe the U.S.
is willing to risk war over one
little boat�and it might re-
quire a number of steps up the
escalation ladder before they be-
come "believers."
Johnson's options and those of
military commanders in the
field were severely limited at
the very beginning of the Pueblo
incident because no one appar-
ently realized in time that the
harrassment of the Pueblo by
North Korean patrol boats �
something that happens fre-
quently in many parts of the
world � would suddenly turn
into a seizure.
Whether or not someone in the
military chain of command
could have gotten effective help
to Cmdr, Lloyd M. Bucher,
skipper of the Pueblo, after he
saw that he was about to be
�
PHILADELPHIL BULL. 25 January 68 (26)
Answers Leaking Out
On Reasons for Seizure
By DREW PEARSON
and JACK ANDERSON
Washington�There is no ship
in the U. S. Navy which the
Defense Department would have
less liked to have fall into
enemy hands than the Pueblo,
crammed as it was with sophis-
ticated electronic devices.
The reasons why nearby U.
S. planes and ships did not
come to its rescue, or why
Commander Lloyd M. Bucher
surrendered without a struggle,
or without scuttling her, are
now under intensive, indignant
investigation. The last time an
American commander gave up
his ship without a fight he was
court-martialed. The -ship was
the Chesapeake in 1812.
Reasons for Incident
Some of the reasons for the
incident can now be disclosed:
�The commander did not call
for help because he thought the
North Koreans were bluffing.
He didn't dream there would be
a Communist seizure of an
American naval vessel in inter-
national waters, so didn't take
the warning seriously.
Actually, there were two
hours. in which he. could have
called for help, and there were
about a hundred. Air Force
fighters and fighter bombers in
both South Korea and Japan
which could have responded at
a moment's notice.
Bucher did not finally scuttle
the ship when he saw the North
Koreans coming alongside with
boarded and called for help has
not been answered.
But Pentagon officials who de-
clined to be quoted by name said
that even if properly armed
fighter planes had been close
enough to have gone to the aid of
the Pueblo, a number of other
factors would have been consid-
ered. These include weather, the
amount of remaining daylight,
the position of the ship at the
time help arrived, and, especial-
ly, potential enemy reaction.
The decision not to go to the
aid of the Pueblo was made
somewhere in the military chain
of command short of Washing-
ton, these Pentagon officials
said.
But they did not say how high
up the chain that decision was
made.
The incident began abgut 10
p.m. Washington time Monday.
Pentagon officials said Bucher
did not request help until 11:45
p.m. when the North Koreans
moved to board the Pueblo.
Thus, by the time President
Johnson, Secretary of State
Dean Rusk and Defense Secre-
tary Robert S. McNamara were
awakened between 12:23 and 2
a.m. Tuesday, the Pueblo was
already in North Korean hands.
The question they faced � and
still face � was not how to pre-
vent the seizure of the vessel,
but how to get her back again.
5-1'
a patrol boat to board the
Pueblo because he blew up elec-
tronic equipment instead. Ap-
parently he thought this was
sufficient, although some of his
superiors in Washington dis-
agree. There has been no ex-1
planation of why he didn't drop!
his anchor and 'foul his rudder.
Looking for Subs
�The Pueblo was off the Ko.1
rean Coast to locate Russian'
nuclear submarines out of Via-:
divostok. Russia has 350 sub-
marines,- of which 40 are nu-
clear, and we have refined de-
vices which can not only locate
them but tell what kind of ves-
sels they are.
Actually she was not 25 miles
off the North Korean coast, as
officials state, but 16 miles,
which is four miles outside the
I2-mile limit which North Korea
claims. The United States does
not recognize this limit.
The Russian navy uses fish-
ing trawlers to do exactly the
same type of spying on our
Polaris submarines as we do on
them. Their trawlers are lo-
cated off the Florida coast.
where they watch missiles fired
from Cape Kennedy; off Rota,
the big U. S. naval base in
Spain: Holy Loch, the American
base in Scotland; and off Guam
in the mid-Pacific.
Both the Soviet and the Amer-
ican strategy is to try to locate
nuclear submarines which nor-
mally lie for about 30 days at a
time off the potential enemy's
coast.
Limitation on Subs
The Polaris missiles on our
nuclear submarines and the mis-
siles on the Russian submarines
must be calibrated, before they
leave port, in order to hit cer-
tain targets on land, It is im-
possible to change the calibra-
tion after a submarine starts its
cruise. Therefore the missiles
must be fired after the sub
reaches certain exact spots un-
der the ocean where it lies on*
guard for periods of about 30
days. It is important for each
nation, therefore, in its game of
submarine hide-and-seek, to lo-
cate these spots, in which case
the sub could be knocked out of
commission the minute war
breaks.
�The reason for seizing the
Pueblo was the North Korean
policy, which it has urged on
other Communist nations, of
diversionary tactics. North Ko-
rean Premier. Kim II-Sung has
argued that the best way to help
the North Vietnamese is to di-
vert American worry to prob-
lems elsewhere in the world. To
this end North Korea has insti-
gated well over 500 incidents
along the border between North
and South Korea during 1967
alone�an increase of about 500 -
p'ercent over 1966.
"All the Socialist countries
should form the broadest pos-
sible anti-American united
front," said Premier Kim last
CONTINUED NEXT PAGE
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�
CAAN VENCE MONITOR, 26 January
-ecret equipment
on Pueblo destroyed?
By licorge W. Ashworth
�
The capture of the USS Pueblo by North
Korean patrol craft could be of long-range
d a ma ge to the United States intelhgenee
effort.
The captain, Comdr. Lloyd M. Bucher. re-
ported that he had untiurtn:ien the destruc-
tion of secret material and equipment aboard
the craft. It was not known. however, just
how successful that effort was.
What remains could bu of substantial in-
terest to Communist-bloc ilut;ons. Portions
of the ship of potential intyrest could not
be destroyed. .And careful study of the de-
bris from the area of destruction well may
be useful, sources here agree.
It is significant that many of the crew
members of the Pueblo have high security
clearances which might preclude their pres-
ence in West Berlin or other areas near
Communist-bloc nations. Nov:, through seiz-
ure, they are all available to Communist
a gent s.
Korean front flares
Many observers believe the capture of
the crew members could be a greater loss,
in terms of the intelligence effort, than the
rapture of the ship off the North Korean
city of Wonsan.
Sources here agree that the longer the
North Koreans have the Pueblo and its
crow in hand the greater is the potential
loss.
As tension continued following the seizure
of the Pueblo, North Koreans attempted to
break through the American sector of the
Korean front. Eight United States soldiers
were wounded.
Communist infiltrators also attacked a
watchtower just south of the demilitarized
zone with hand grenades but caused no dam-
age, according to United States Army
spokesmen. All the infiltrators were re-
pulsed.
Soviet armaments studied
Foreign Minister Kyu-Ha Choi announced
that South Korea would send a note to
United Nations Secretary-General U Thant
condemning the provocative actions by
North Korea as a violation of the Korean
armistice agreement.
The United States learned a great deal
about Soviet equipment in the aftermath of
the Arab-Israeli war when captured arma-
ments were given a close scrutiny by United
Slates officers.
418
The Pueblo incident could provide the
Communist bloc v ith an opportunity to learn
nearly as much as the United States did last
summer but in the more crucial and sensi-
tive area of electronic detection.
This was the second time within a year
that a United Slates intelligence-collection
vessel has been attacked. Last June the
Liberty. a similar American "spy" ship,
was attacked and heavily damaged by
Israelis in the Mediterranean during the
Egypt-Israel confrontation.
The situation is far different now. If the
destruction effort was not completely suc-
cessful and if the Pueblo is kept for any
great length of time, the Communist bloc
stands to know far more than most informed
Americans do about intelligence vessels.
Presumably, the Communist blocs would
have experts available to inspect the ship.
This would mean that they would know well
what they were looking at. As a result,
the Communist nations would be able to
assess United States sophistication and
capabilities in naval-intelligence-gathering
methods.
Both the Soviets and the United States
operate large intelligence-gathering opera-
tions. The United States has three ships
the size of the Pueblo and five similar to
the Liberty.
Liberty, Pueblo compared
Sources here say there are several essen-
tial differences between the Liberty and
the Pueblo in terms of capability and mis-
sion.
The Liberty has a large number of ana-
lysts aboard to assess the information gath-
ered. whereas much of the information gar-
nered by the Pueblo is sent on to higher
headquarters and to Washington for study.
Apparently, the Liberty is capable of a
more comprehensive effort than the much
smaller Pueblo. But they are assigned
somewhat different tasks.
The Pueblo is able to check carefully the
movements of ships within a range of per-
haps 50 miles around. Its sophisticated
equipment is able to tell just from the
sounds what kind of ship is being monitored.
The Pueblo apparently is equipped to
eavesdrop on conversations on nearby land
areas, as well as upon airplanes, surface
ships, and submarines. Tape recording
equipment is available to make records of
material for later study and analysis.
CHICAGO TRIBUNE, 26 January 1968
CALLS FRENCH
NATO PULLOUT
'PREMATURE'
PARIS, Jan. 25 'RD�Charles
Bohlen, outgoing United States
ambassador to France, today
warned that France's military
pullout from the North Atlantic
Treaty organization may have
been "wishful thinking" on that
nations part because the Soviet
Union may not have abandoned
designs in Europe.
"It is a little premature to
assume that the detente of the
last five years is permanent,"
Bohlen said in a farewell
speech to members of the
American business community
in France.
"I would like to see a few
more signs that the Soviet
Union is really interested in
abandoning designs on reshap-
ing Europe." He urged other
European nations not to aban-
don their defense policies "on
wishful thinking," and noted
that the United States in-
tended to "act cautiously" con-
cerning maintaining a defense
posture in Europe.
6�F
WASH.STAR 1/25 (26)
Private Help
. by commercial firmshad
To Fix Army jar:d,illifgrn a ayLranra7:11:ta
DREW FEARSON � Conttd
month, "... and administer col-
lective blows to the United
States in all regions."
Russia's Policy
It is not believed that 'Moscow
entirely shares this viewpoint,
nor that it had any knowledge
of North Korean plans to seize
the Pueblo. �
There is a clique in the Krem-
lin, however, which is known to
believe that the only way to
pressure the United States into
giving up the war in Vietnam
is by applying pressure in other
parts of the world, such as the
Near East. The buildup of Rus-
sian naval forces in the Medi-
terranean, and the tremendous
concentration of Soviet arms in
Egypt and Syria. together with
Russian moves to take over
Britain's declining presence east
of Suez, are believed to be part
of this pressure strategy.
With or without Kremlin ap-
proval, it is believed there will
be more diversionary tactics
against the United States as the
war in South Vietnam intensi-
fies.
Under discussion In the De-
fense Department has been re-
taliatory action against the
Soviet Union. Among other
things, the question of seizing
Soviet trawlers off the Ameri-
can coast has been proposed.
Also under. discussion has been
the strategy of asking General-
issimo Franco, of Spain, who
has plenty of Soviet electronic
trawlers tying off Rota, to haul
one of them into port. Franco,
however, has recently been
getting cozy with Moscow, and
he might not make the move.
Different Mission
The Pueblo was a different
kind of ship than the Liberty,
badly battered, with 31 men
killed, by Israel patrol boats
and fighter planes last June.
The Liberty. operated by the
National Security Agency, was
lying mere than 15 miles off the
Egyptian coast intercepting
messages exchanged between
Israeli forces and their corn-
mend posts, and between Egyp-
tian forces and their commands.
�: Although Israelis claimed the
attack on the Liberty was a .case
:of mistaken identity, there was
a deep suspicion in the Navy
.1Department that the attack was
.deliberate.
; The Pueblo was operated by
' the Navy itself, not the National
Security Ageerv. art' was rnt
engaged in intercepting mes-
sages.
Planes Urged
The Army has issued an "ur-
gent" request to commercial
firms to help in the job of re-
pairing and maintaining the
growing Army fleet of airplanes
and helicopters.
The request was issued by the
Army Aviation Material Com-
mand in St. Louis, Mo.
Cal. Clifton 0. Duty, director
of procurement and production
for the command, said in a tele-
phone interview that the amount
of such work done for the army
million at the end of 1967.
The need for more commer-
cial help, Duty said, � is caused
both by the growing numbers of
army aircraft and by the wear
and tear and battle damage in
Vietnam.
For some extensive repair
work. Duty said, it is necessary
to bring the aircraft back to the
'United States where heavy ma-
chine tools are available.
Duty said that by the end of
next year he eXpects more than
half of the army's repair and
'maintenance to be farmed out to
'private concerns.
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President Johnson took a
classic step up the escalation
ladder today in his efforts to
impress upon the North Koreans
his intention to get the C;SS
Pueblo and her crew returned.
The call-up of 14,600 Air
Force, Navy and Air National
Guard reservists was almost
identically the same as Presi-
dent Kennedy's action during
the Cuban missile crisis in 1962.
The call-up--the first move
in a wide range of military
steps available to the Presi-
dent�was undoubtedly design-
ed to reinforce Johnson's diplo-
matic efforts to get the ship
back.
� In testimony before the Sen-
' ate Armed Services Committee
today, Clark M. Clifford, the
President's choice as new sec-
retary of defense, emphasized
that most of the military ac-
tions which have been suggest-
ed in connection with the Pueb-
lo incident would not guaran-
tee the safe return of the cap-
tured crewmen thus emphasiz-
ing the importance of diplomat-
ic efforts.
If the initial diplomatic ef-
forts fail, however, the Presi-
dent has other military options
that might be used to bring
pressure on the North Koreans
and their allies:
In the last few years, both
civilians like Dr. Herman Kahn,
the author of a number of stud-
ies of escalation, and military
leaders like Gen. Maxwell Tay-
lor, who developed the policy of
"flexible response," have writ-
ten volumes on the options the
President has in reacting to al-
most any emergency.
These studies, now thoroughly
incorporated into the Pentagon's
basic militar, strategy, are un-
doubtedly being relied upon as
the President, his civilian
advisers and the Joint Chiefs
of Staff try to devise a method
for getting the ship and crew
back with the least possible-
difficulty.
In Kahn's studies, the seizure
of a ship in international waters
ranks very high up the scale of
military escalation. But the situ-
� ation would obviously be vastly
more grave if the seizure had
been undertaken by the Soviet
Union rather than one of the
smallest nations in the Commu-
nist bloc.
Before today's announcement
and the further hint that some
ground forces may be called to
active duty. the U.S. already
climbed a significant number of
� rungs up the ladder of escala-
tion. It moved both diplo-
- maitcally�with apparently un-
- successful attempts to enlist the
aid of the Soviet Union�and
- militarily, with the dispatch of
a nuclear task force headed by
the carrier U.S.S. Enterprise to
the Sea of Japan. This force is
reported now about 200 miles
off the Korean coast. This is
�
WASHINGTON STAR, 25 January .8 ( 26 )
Johnson Takes a Step
Up Escalation Ladder
short range for the ship's jet
By ORR KELLY aircraft; but f or enough out to
star talf Writer give the ships great flexibility.
If diplomatic efforts fail en-
tirely � and it is not yet clear
that they are going to fail � the
Ulm,: of escalation would call
for the application of military
pressure in small increments.
One such might simply be a
show of force�positioning the
Enterprise visibly in interne-
tioal waters off the port of Won-
san, for example,
Another might be an action
matched to that of the North
Koreans�perhaps the seizure of
one of their boats. This kind of
action could not be matched ex-
actly to the North Korean action
because their navy doesn't have
any ships as large as the Pueblo
�an illustration of the difficul-
ties a "superpower" has in deal-
ing with a very small nation.
Slightly higher up the scale
might he the desteuction of some
piece of North Korean property
of the approximate value of the
Pueblo. A coastal rear station
might be shelled, for example.
Extremely unlikely in these
early steps would be any effort
to send Navy or Marine units
into the port of Wonsan to take
blck the ship by force � cape.
cially while the North Koreans
have the Pueblo's crew mem-
bers as hostages.
Under the theory of escalation,
these steps should be taken
quite rapidly, with a pause after
each step to see if the North
Koreans are ready to give the
ship tack.
In tl,eory, the North Koreans
should be made to believe that
the V.S. is prepared to use all
necessary force to get the ship
back�even eventual use of nu-
clear weapons. If they really be-
lieve this, the theory goes, they
will accede to the U.S. demands
at a low point on the escalation
ladder rather than at a high:
point.
One of the most awkward diffi-
culties facing Johnson and his:
advisers is that the North Ko-
reans might not believe the U.S.
is willing to risk war over one
little boat�and it might re-
quire a number of steps up the
escalation ladder before they be-
come "believers." .
Johnson's options and those of
military commanders in the
field were severely limited at
the very beginning of the Pueblo
incident because no one appar-
ently realized in time that the
harrassment of the Pueblo by
North Korean patrol boats �
something that happens fre-
quently in many parts of the
world would suddenly turn
into a seizure.
Whether or not someone in the
military chain of command
could have gotten effective help
to Cmdr, Lloyd M. Bucher,
skipper of the Pueblo, after he
saw that he was about to be
PHILADELPHIA MLA 25 January 68 (26)
Answers Leaking Out
On Reasons for Seizure
By DREW PEARSON
and JACK ANDERSON
Washington�There is no ship
in the U. S. Navy which the
DefenseDepartment would have
less liked to have fall into
enemy hands than the Pueblo.
crammed as it was with sophis-
ticated electronic devices.
The reasons why nearby U.
S. planes and ships did not
Coale to its rescue, or why
Commander Lloyd M. Bucher
surrendered without a struggle,
or without scuttling her, are
now under intensive, indignant
investigation. The last time an
American commander gave up
his ship without a fight he was
court-martialed. The ship was
the Chesapeake in 1812.
Reasons for Incident
Some of the reasons for the
incident can now -be disclosed:
�The commander did not call
for help because he thought the
North Koreans were bluffing.
He didn't dream there would be
a Communist seizure of an
American naval vesSel in inter-
national waters, so didn't take
the warning seriously.
Actually, there were two
hours in which he, could have
called for help, and there were
about a hundred Air Force
fighters and 'fighter bombers in
both South Korea and Japan
which could have responded at
a moment's notice.
Bucher did not finally scuttle
the ship when he saw the North
Koreans coining alongside with
boarded and called for help has
not been answered.
But Pentagon officials who de-
clined to be quoted by name said
that even if properly armed
fighter planes had been close
enough to have gone to the aid of
the Pueblo, a number of other
factors would have been consid-
ered. These include weather, the
amount of remaining daylight,
the position of the ship at the
time help arrived, and, especial-
ly, potential enemy reaction.
The decision not to go to the
aid of the Pueblo was made
somewhere in the military chain
of command short of Washing-
ton, these Pentagon officials
said.
But they did not say how high
up the chain that decision was
made. �
The incident began abgut 10
p.m. Washington time Monday.
Pentagon officials said Bucher
did not request help until 11:45
p.m. when the North Koreans
moved to board the Pueblo.
Thus, by the time President
Johnson, Secretary of State
Dean Rusk and Defense Secre-
tary Robert S. McNamara were
awakened between 12:23 and 2
am. Tuesday, the Pueblo was
already in North Korean hands.
The question they faced � and
still face � was not how to pre-
vent the seizure of the vessel,
but 'how to get her back again.
5-7
a patrol boat to � board the
Pueblo because he blew up elec-
tronic equipment instead, Ap-
parently he thought this was
sufficient, although some of his
superiors in Washington dis-
agree. There has been no ex-. �
planation of why he didn't dropl
his anchor and foul his rudder:I
Looking for Subs
�The Pueblo was off the Ko1
rean Coast to locate Russian' �
nuclear submarines out of Via.:
divostok. Russia has 350 sub-
marines, of which 40 are nu-
clear. and we have refined de-
vices which can not only locate
them but tell what kind of ves-
sels they are.
Actually She was not 25 miles
off the North Korean coast, as
officials state, but 16 miles,
which is four miles outside the
12-mite limit which North Korea
claims. The United States does
not recognize this limit.
The Russian navy uses fish-
ing trawlers to do exactly the
same type of spying on our
Polaris submarines as we do on
them. Their trawlers are lo-
cated off the Florida coast,
where they watch missiles fired
from Cape Kennedy: off Rota, .
the big U. S. naval base in
Spain: Holy Loch, the American
base in Scotland; and off Guam
in the mid-Pacific.
Both the Soviet and the Amer-
ican strategy is to try to locate
nuclear submarines which nor-
mally lie for about 30 days at a
time off the potential enemy's
coast.
Limitation on Subs
The Polaris missiles on our
nuclear submarines and the Mis-
siles on the Russian submarines �
must be calibrated, before they
leave port, in order to hit cer--
tain targets on land. It is im-
possible to change the calibra-
tion after a submarine starts its
cruise. Therefore the missiles
must be fired after the sub'
reaches certain exact spots un-
der the ocean where it lies on�
guard for periods of about 30
days, It is important for each
nation, therefore, in its game of
submarine hide-and-sects, to lo-
cate these spots, in which case
the sub could be knocked out of
commission the minute war
breaks.
�The reason for seizing the
Pueblo was the North Korean
policy, which it has urged on
other Communist nations, of
diversionary tactics. North Ko-
rean Premier Kim 11-Sung has
argued that the best way to help
the North Vietnamese is to di-
vert American worry to prob-
lems elsewhere in the world. To
this end North Korea has insti-
gated well over 500 incidents
along the border between North
and South Korea during 1967
alone�an increase of about 500
percent over 1966.
"All the Socialist countries
should form the broadest pos-
sible anti-American united
front," said Premier Kim last
CONTINUED NEXT PAGE
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CHROPIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, 26 January%
Secret equipment
on Pueblo destroyed?
By George %V. Ashworth
The capture of the USS Pueblo by North The Pueblo mete cnt could provide the
Km-can patrol craft could be of long-range Communist bloc with an opportunity to learn
damage to the United States intelligence nearly as much as the United States did last
effort, summer but in the more crucial and sensi-
The captain, Comdr. Lloyd M. Bucher, rc� live area of electronic detection.
ported that he had undertaken the clestruc- This was the second time within a year
Iron of secret material and equipment aboard that a United Slates intelligence-collection
the craft. It was not known. however, just vessel has been attacked. Last June the
how successful that effort was. Liberty, a similar American "spy" ship,
What remains could be uf substantial in- was attacked and heavily damaged by
terest to Communist-bloc natams. Portions Israelis in the Mediterranean during the
of the ship of potential interest could not Egypt-Israel confrontation,
be destroyed. And careful study of the de- The situation is far different now. If the
bris from the area of destruction well may destruction effort was not completely sue-
be useful, sources here agree, cessful and if the Pueblo is kept for any
It is significant that many of the crew great length of time, the Communist bloc
members of the Pueblo have high security stands to know far more than most informed
clearances which might preclude their pres. Americans do about intelligence vessels,
mice in West Berlin or other areas near
Presumably, the Communist blocs would
Communist-bloc n
nations. Now, through seiz- . inspect experts available to the ship.
tire, they are all available to Communist
This would mean that they would know well
agents,
what they were looking at. As a result,
Korean front flares � the Communist nations would be able to
Many observers believe the capture of assess United States sophistication and
the crew members could be a greater loss, capabilities in naval-intelligence-gathering
in terms of the intelligence effort, than the methods.
capture of the ship off the North Korean Both the Soviets and the United States
city of Wonsan. � operate large intelligence-gathering opera-
Sources here agree that the longer the lions. The United States has three ships
North Koreans have the Pueblo and its the size of the Pueblo and five similar to
crew in hand the greater is the potential the Liberty.
loss.
As tension continued following the seizure Liberty, Pueblo compared
ol the Pueblo, North Koreans attempted to Sources here say there are several essen-
break through the American sector of the tial differences between the Liberty and
Korean front. Eight United States soldiers the Pueblo in terms of capability and mis-
were wounded.
Communist infiltrators also attacked a
watchtower just south of the demilitarized
zone with hand grenades but caused no dam-
age, according to United States Army
spokesmen, All the infiltrators were re-
pulsed. �
�
Soviet armaments studied
Foreign Minister Kyu-Ha Choi announced
that South Korea would send a note to
United Nations Secretary-General TJ Thant
condemning the provocative actions by
North Korea as a violation of the Korean
armistice agreement.
The United States learned a great deal
about Soviet equipment in the aftermath of
the Arab-Israeli war when captured arma-
ments were given a close scrutiny by United
States officers.
sion.
The Liberty has a large number of ana-
lysts aboard to assess the information gath-
ered. whereas much of the information gar-
nered by the Pueblo is sent on to higher
headquarters and to Washington for study.
Apparently, the Liberty is capable of a
more comprehensive effort than the much
smaller Pueblo. But they are assigned
somewhat different tasks. �
The Pueblo is able to check carefully the
movements of ships within a range of per-
haps 50 miles around. Its sophisticated
equipment is able to tell just from the
sounds what kind of ship is being monitored.
The Pueblo apparently is equipped to
eavesdrop on conversations on nearby land
areas, as well as upon airplanes, surface
ships, and submarines. Tape recording
equipment is available to make records of
material for later study and analysis.
CHICAGO TRIBUNE, 26 January 1968
CALLS FRENCH
NATO PULLOUT
'PREMATURE'
PARIS, Jan. 25 OD�Charles
Bohlen, outgoing United States
ambassador to France, today
warned that France's military
pullout from the North Atlantic
Treaty organization may have
been "wishful thinking" on that
nations part because the Soviet
Union may not have abandoned
designs in Europe.
"It is a little premature to
assume that the detente of the
last five years is permanent."
Bohlen said in a farewell
speech to members of the
American business community
in France.
"I would like to see a few
more signs that the Soviet
Union is really interested in
abandoning designs on reshap-
ing Europe." He urged other
European nations not to aban-
don their defense policies "on
wishful thinking," and noted
that the United States in-
tended to "act cautiously" con-
cerning maintaining a defense
posture in Europe.
6�P
WASH. STAR 1/25 (26)
Private Help
To Fix Army
Planes Urged
The Army has issued an "ur-
gent" request to commercial
firms to help in the job of re-
pairing and maintaining the
growing Army fleet of airplanes
and helicopters.
The request was issued by the
Army Aviation Material Com-
mand Mo.
Cal. Clifton 0. Duty, director
of procurement and production
for the command, said in a tele-
phone interview that the amount
of such work done for the army
DREW PEARSON � Cont'd
month, ". .. and administer col-
lective blows In the United
States in all regions."
Russia's Policy
It is not believed that Moscow
entirely shares this viewpoint,
nor that it had any knowledge
of North Korean plans to seize
the Pueblo.
There is a clique in the Krem-
lin. however, which is known to
believe that the only way to
pressure the United States into
giving up the war in Vietnam
is by applying pressure in other
parts of the world, such as the
Near East. The buildup of Rus-
sian naval forces in the Medi-
terranean, and the tremendous
concentration of Soviet arms in
Egypt and Syria, together with
Russian moves to take over
Britain's declining presence east
of Suez, are believed to be part
of this pressure strategy.
With or without Kremlin ap-
proval, it is believed there will
be more diversionary tactics
against the United States as the
war in South Vietnam intensi-
fies. .
Under discussion in the De-
fense Department has been re-
taliatory action against the
Soviet Union. Among other
things, the question of seizing
Soviet trawlers off the Ameri-
can coast has been proposed.
Also under. discussion has been
the strategy of asking General-
issimo Franco, of Spain, who
has plenty of Soviet electronic
trawlers lying off Rota, to haul
one of them into port. Franco,
however, has recently been
getting cozy with Moscow, and
he might not make the move.
Different Mission
The Pueblo was a different
kind of ship than the Liberty,
badly battered, with 31 men
killed, by Israel patrol boats
and fighter planes last June..
The Liberty, operated by the
National Security Agency, was
lying more than 15 miles off the
Egyptian coast intercepting
messages exchanged between
Israeli forces and their com-
mand posts, and between Egyp-
tian forces and their commands.
. Although Israelis claimed the
!attack on the Liberty was a case
. of mistaken identity, there was
! a deep suspicion in the Navy
Department that the attack was
deliberate.
The Pueblo was operated by
the Navy itself, not the National
[
Security ARCM:V. ard was not
engaged in intercepting mes-
sages.
by commercial firms had
j$u56mpen Illifornoma an ne a annualr agor to ate of
million at the end of 1967.
The need for more commer-
cial help, Duty said, is caused
both by the growing numbers of
army aircraft and by the wear
and tear and battle damage in
Vietnam.
For some extensive repair
work, Duty said, it is necessary
to bring the aircraft back to the
United States where heavy ma-
chine tools are available.
Duty said that by the end of
next year he eXpects more than
half of the army's repair and
maintenance to be farmed out to
private concerns.
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APITORE TIMES, 26 January 1968
Excerpts From Clifford's Testimony Before
Senate Committee
s;�����4: tome
WASHINGTON, Jail.
Following ore excerpts from ihu
testimony today of C!,10; M.
Clifford, no, as Secre
Lary of Defense, before tile
Armed Service Commillci!:
CHAIRMAN (RICHARDB)
RUSSELL. 51
RUSSELL. placed any h siltation on
the period of time tr.:11. vou
are willing to serve as .ce�e�
retary of Defense?
MR. CLIFFORD. 1
not, Mr. Chairman. When
Mr. Johnson, when Picsident
Johnson, asked that serve,
he did not place any limita-
tion. and I might say I am
ready and prepared to serve
for whatever length of time
he chooses me to do so.
Q. You realize better than
most of our people that the
Congress, if it is to legislate
effectively in the field of
national defense, it is nec-
essary that we have the full
and unintimidated views of
the senior military officers.
particularly the Joint Chiefs
of Staff. Can you assure the
committee that these officers
will. not be discouraged from
giving the committee their
real views or not be penal-
ized for giving their real
views, even when they are in
conflict with your views or
those of the President?
A. I would intend to make
that the policy of the De-
partment of Defense: that
when this committee calls
upon members of the military
to testify before it, they
shall be permitted to give
their frank and open opinions
on those subjects inquired
into by this committee.
Q. You have been rather
close to the .Department of
Defense over the last seven
years. Do you have any re-
maining doubt. about the au-
thority of the Secretary of
defense to control the deci-
sions of the department or
the subdivisions thereof?
A. No sir. These last seven
years have been an interest-
ing illustration of the ability
of the Secretary to utilize the
powers that presently exist
in order to make the prin-
cipal decisions, that is, of
course, along with the Presi-
dent of theLlnited States.
Q. Could you give us just
a brief statement as to your
concept of the proper rela-
tions with the committee of
Congress in this field and the
obligations of a Secretary of
Defense to those committees
to enable them to perform
their function?.
A. I would expert that as
Secretary of Defense I would
have the closest type of co-
operation with the appropri-
ate committees of the Con-
gress. I believe that at this
particular time in our coun-
try's history that dose asso-
ciation and coordination is,
perhaps, more necessary than
ever before. -
Some of you have been
here longer than I, and I
might say only I do not re-
call perhaps a more perilous
time confronting this nation
than that which confronts it
� OS
forces undm- such circum-
stances without the probable
today, loss of.South Vietnam to the peace.
Vietcong, would it be your Q. If those objectives that
Opposes Bombing Halt purpose to try to obtain a you have detailed are not
Senator (Margaret Chas') change in that agreement? nitained, if anyone of them
Smith: Mr. Clifford, do vou A. I believe no change in is not attained, would you
favor cessation of bombing that agreement would he conclude that we have not
of North Vietnam? necessary. There is protee- fulfilled our commitment to
I e that each titre the could he and would be very South Vietnam?
believe, A. I am not a prophet or
A. I do not, Senator Smith. live language in there which
question of the bombing of valuable to us. seer. I can't look that far
North Vietnam has . come tip, The language, as I recall it into the future. I do not
I believe it has to he (waltz- has been a year or more, it know what is going to take
ated under the circumstances sets up certain condition pre- place there. I do not know
that exist at that time. cedents. One is if the North what our obligations are go-
In the past, when it has Vietnamese withdraw; the tag to be over the world. I
have been present at sonic of filtration of men, material
second condition is if all in- could say that I believe that
we shall. continue until we
come up. and on occasion I
those discussions. I have sup- and supplies, that is the sip- have obtained self-deterrnina-
gested that we ascertain nificanee of it, if all infiltra- tion there, and I do not hear
what we believe the result of tion ceases. it suggested any place within
such cessation would be. There is a third qualifica- the Executive Branch Via,
Up until now I have felt tion that is a general one, there shall be any other goal.
that it would be damaging to that if it seems�this is a I don't know any better way
little too broad. but if it
our cause. The time might to answer your question.
come. Senator, and I would seems safe to do so. that
within six months our forces Q. Well, the question comes
hope that it would, when it up about a possible negoti-
would be presented to us in would withdraw. ated settlement of this war.
such a manner that I could So that I am not disturbed It would seem that in view
agree. that it was appropriate by the language because it is of what you have said our
for there to he a suspension guarded, those conditions are objectives are, that the hego-
in the bombing. That --time such that I assure you if tiated settlement must en-
certainly has not yet arrived there is any doubt at all compass those objectives,
as far as I am concerned, about the ability of South otherwise we would have
Q. Mr. Clifford, in view of Vietnam to defend itself I negotiated away one or. more
the piracy in the capture of would certainly cast my vote of our objectives. And that,
the U.S.S. Pueblo. should the to the point that we stay therefore, any negotiated
reserves he mobilized? until we are sure that they settlement must encompass
A. The circumstances sur- can take care of themselves. those objectives, otherwise,
rounding the incident, which None of us are going to we would have failed in our
are considered to be exceed- have the sacrifices that we commitments,
ingly grave, are now under have made there come to A. I understand it now. I
the closest kind of considera- naught by that kind of with- am in accord with what I
tion by the President and his drawal. understand to be the thought
chief advisers. He asked that I say, however, that in that you are expressing. I am
I sit in the meetings yester- that regard one of our major not in favor of negotiations
day which were held from tasks is during the process just for the sake of negotia-
early morning until late at now to build up the South tions. I am not in favor of'
night. I did so. That subject Vietnamese strength. forcing upon the South Viet-
and a number of others, Sen- Some progress has been namese people any kind of
ator, are under immediate made in that regard. I would government that they do not
consideration. If you would hope greater progress and voluntarily and independent-
permit me to say so, I be- more rapid progress would ly choose. So. that I believe
lieve that I would not be at be made; so that my hope is as we enter into that phase.
liberty to comment on it at -the day will come when they Should we�that we, to-
this time, will be able to defend them- gether with the South Viet-
Q. tinder what conditions, selves, namese, must find the answer
if you care to state, do you Q. Thank you for that ex- which will preserve the in.
believe that the reserves cellent answer. Would you dependence of South Viet-
should be called up? please tell us what is your flaw. If we do not do 'that,
A. My answer would .be concept of our objectives in I believe we have not reached
general in that regard: If we the war in Vietnam? our goal.
reach the stage where the A. Yes sir. First, we have Q. There has been much
threat to this nation's safety a limited objective. Our lint- talk about winning the, war
is substantially increased itel objective is to assure to and there appears to be some
over that that exists now. It the South Vietnamese people confusion over this. Would
could come about as a result the right of self-determina- you say if we attained those
of developments in the Far minimal objectives we would
Lion, give them the right to
East. It could come about as select the type of govern-
have won the war insofar as
result of developments fol- scent they choose and to our objectives are concerned?
lowing the incident involving conduct it in the manner
A. I would say, generally,
the Pueblo. .
yes. It is a different kind of
At any stage, that this that they wish, without their
being forced by the subjuga-
war and that is one reason
country's safety and security why it is difficult, perhaps.
lion from within, or by ap-
warrants, because of this type for the American people to
of incident which would in- plication of force from with-
understand it. We are fight-
dicate that additional trouble out, to have another kind of
ing a limited war. We are not
lies ahead. I think the Presi- life in their country.
fighting to destroy our en-
dent could well call up the In that regard, it is not
and certainly must not be
emy. We are.fighting to per-
suede our enemy to withdraw
from South Vietnam and to
leave it alone. But I might
say that as far as talking
about a military victory is
concerned, I believe in a
great respect we have already
attained a type of victory in
South Vietnam. I believe our
presence there, our successful
presence there, has many
times justified the cost at us -
in our men and in our trelsa-
ure, for as one travels in
Southeast Asia he finds that
this is the general attittkle.
CONTINUED NEXT PAGE
SENATOR (JACK) MILLER. our intention to acquire any
' �
You participated in the Man- territory of any sort. I cer-
ila Conference. To refresh toy tautly don't wish to destroy
memory on this, is it true North Vietnam. I wish only,
that one of the points of the, as far as my opinion is con-
or the agreement of the Man- cerned, to convince them
ila Conference was, if North they will never prevail in
Vietnam withdrew from South their efforts to conquer
Vietnam, withdrew its forces South Vietnam, and when
from South Vietnam, that that point is understood by
within six months thereafter them, and they realize that
the United States would with- we are determined and we
draw its military forces? are persistent and we are
Now, if your military ad- patient, then the day will
risers told you that we could come when I believe that
not withdraw our military they find out the game is
7-1,
not worth the candle, and
then I think we will have
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(26)
EFENSE EC0. WASNINGTON POST 24 Janua 13 01VIY AX ABOtISHEIPTO , 000 JOBS
More � than .10,000 cNilian
job- are being aholisho.d by
the Army in the Defense De-
partment's latest economy -pro-
gram. The number could he
even larger by next July' 1.
'This:is:the lineup:
About .5000 jobs were aboti-
..ished as of last Dec. 30. Aboutt
40 per. cent of. them were vs.
'cant at . the. time and they
were merely canceled. The re-
mainder wee filled by tempo-.
rary employes. More than 1000
employes were laid off before
the expiration of their tempo-
rary appointments:
Another 3700 jobs will be
abolished as of Jan. 31. An es-
timated 800 career employes
will be among those to be laid
off at that time. They were
given layoff notices a week be.
fore Christmas. . military personnel and con-
Tentatively. another 1400 traciors will now he used to
PRIPloYcs, largely carver No il., s.onie of the work formerly
plc. will be given notices Feb. '
15 to be effective the end of handled I,'-
March. The Department has If tins happens, the Depart.
promised 45-day notices to t:a-. inciu will lie inviting legal
t-err employes and shot ter no�
action from its civilians to try
tices to temporaries, to say,- their jobs. The Amen- tary of Defense for Land Forces
Unless the Department ean can Federation of Government Programs, has been established in
get down to its lower job cell- Employes was successful in the Pentagon.
ings through normal turnover having the National Aeronau-
William K. Brehm, 38, gets the
by June. 1, another layoff ef- tics and Space Administration fob. lie has been working for As-
fictive the end of that 11101101 . sistant Secretary of � Defense for
is possible. Ceilings arc act hy en �, from .a,< ying off 540 Systems Analysis Dr. Alain Entho-
the Defense Department and .civilians until it can he deter- yen in a similar but lower-ranking
Several hundred vacant lobs !mined if contract employes job since 1964.
m wilt be responsible for
the Budget Bureau. -
doing imilar work are being Breh
at headquarters here have , ,ctainecl analysis of all Defense Department
been abolished but tin em-
ploye there has yet been laid � Overseas: The Budget Flu
off. , reau estimates it costs an aver-
Layoffs have been centered
In two major activities--de-
pots operated by the
Material . Command and ecn�
tees where military personnel
are trained before they are
shipped overseas. Both activi-
ties have had to expand their
civilian staffs to support the
war in Vietnam, and ihey have
overspent their budget allow-
ances in doing it.
peo,pje..,suspcut that
!age of 525.000 for each Ameri-
can vitizen who is assigned to
a Federal job overseas. The
figure includes salary, travel
and the like.
'fhe high cost is one of the
reasons the President has or-
dered a 10 per cent cutback in
Lice overseas staffs of the
State Department, the U.S. In-
formation Agency and the
Agency for International De-
velopment. Local nationals
-AIR FORCE TIMES
24 January 1968 (26)
New DoD -Post
Goes to Brehm
WASHINGTON � A new post,
that of Deputy Assistant Secre-
land forces programs, including
combat � and support forces, force
structure, deployments, readiness
weapons, materiel and manpower
requirements.
can he employed at a frac-
tion of that cost.
; New Cabinet Jobs: Jobs of
Assistant Secretary for Man-
power have been created in
each of the Army, Navy and
Air Force, and they were all
to he filled by outsiders. Each
Department has a Deputy As-
sistant Secretary for Man-
power.
CLIFFORD 'S TESTIMONY
They have no hope in the
French. The British are with-
drawing from Malaysia and
Singapore. If it were not for
the United States there would
be -no hope there, and others
will have different opinions,
but to me it is not a question
of years, it is a question of
weeks and months, if we
weren't there until Southeast
Asia, nation by nation, suc-
cumbed,. and that is not hap-
pening now, and it is not
happening, in my opinion, be-
cause we are there, and be-
cause we have extended this
shield, and I believe we must
continue to do it.
Q. Mr. Clifford, are you
satisfied with the way the
war is being conducted now?
And I think a yes. or no an-
swer would suffice and I
don't wish to ask you to go
into specifics. I think I can
- understand why you prefer
not to. .A.�Well, I thank you
for the latter comment be-
. cause my answer is yes.
Q. There isn't any doubt
in .your mind. Mr. Clifford,
that a cessation of bombing
under present circumstances
would lead to more casualties
on our side and the side of
our allies than . would other-
wise take place, is there?
A. When you preface your
question by saying under
present circumstances I agree.
Under present circumstances
when the North Vietnamese
are willing to make no con-
cessions whatsoever for a
cessation of the bombing I
.agree.--It is nay hope that the
-time will come, and the
sooner the. better, that the
North -Vietnamese will indi-
cate some reciprocal action.
We have not asked for much.
The President hasp laced it
at abingt an irreducible mini-
mum. -HE has said, "If you
--- Continued
will agree to talk promptly,
if you will also not to take
advantage of the suspension
we will stop the bombing."
It seems to me this Is a mini-
mal requirement. They have
chosen not to do it. My hope
is that they soon will, and
I should he the first, and
maybe as happy as anyone,
to see the bombing stopped.
But in my opinion it can't
stop with their present
wholly and completely in-
transigent attitude.
SENATOR (HOWARD W.)
CANNON. It has been widely
reported that the Defense
Department planners have
considered several military
options that are open to the
United States, should the
diplomatic efforts to free the
Pueblo fail. Among those un-
der most consideration, ac-
cording to the reports, are
an attempt to storm the
Wonsan harbor and forcibly
retrieve the vessel; seizure or
destruction of one or more
North Korean ships as retali-
ation, or for potential bar-
gaining power; aerial bomb-
ing and sinking of the Pueblo
at the Woman docks to deny
Communist counter-intelli-
gence teams any further ac-
cess to any electronic. intel-
ligence-gathering equipment
that may be on board, or a
Naval blockade of Wonsan
and:, . perhaps, other North
Korean ports.
Now, do I take it from
your answer to Senator
Smith that you do not prefer
to discuss any of the alterna-
tives that might be available
to the United .States in view
of the fact that they are still
under active consideration?
A. Yes, that would be my
answer end must of neces-
sity, be my answer, Senator.
I would say only that I know
the President Ismakingevery
effort to find a diplomatic
solution because if one will
analyze those courses of ac-
tion which you have just
enumerated, none of those
get our 83 men back, and the
President would like very
much to get those 83 Ameri-
cans out of the hands of the
North Koreans and get them
back. and I believe that he
will make every effort along
the diplomatic front to
achieve that purpose.
Q. Is it a fact, then, that
in your opinion any overt
military move which we
might be able to take now
could very likely ieopardize
the safety and lives of the
men on the Pueblo? A. That
is entirely possible, and I
think that the President must
be convinced that he has
exhausted the diplomatic al-
ternative before any other
action is taken.
Q. Without getting into
possible solutions to the
problem. I would like to ask,
in view of what has hao-
pended, whether ' or not It
would be your intention-upon
taking office to immediately
review the decision-making
process and the authorities
granted that would permit a
lightly armed U.S. ship, with:.
out protection, to sail close
to hostile shores even though
in international waters?
A. The answer to that
would be a simple :.yes." I
believe that the policy in that
regard should be examined
with meticulous care and
might very well be re-eval-
uated.
SENATOR (sTitOM) THuIV
MOND: When you gooks of
negotiating, in that case you
would be willing to have a
cessation of bombing. I pre-
sume that thatwould contem-
plate that they would stop
their military activities, too,
84..we would be expected to
have a cessation of bombing.
A. No, that is not what . I
said. I do not expect them to
stop their military activities.
I would expect to follow the
language of the President
when he -said that if they
would agree to start-negotia-
tions promptly and not take
advantage of the pause.in the
bombing.
Q. What do you mean by
taking advantage if they conk
sinus their military activities?
A. Their military activity
will continue in South Viet-
nam. I assume, until there is
a cease fire- agreed upon. I
assume that they will con-
tinue to transport the normal
amount of goods, munitions,
men, to South Vietnam. I as-
sume that we will continue
to maintain our forces and
support our forces during
that period. So what I am
suggesting is, in the language
of the President, that he
would insist that they not
take advantage of the sus-
pension of the bombing.
Q. How would you keep
them from taking advantage
if we had a- cessation of
bombing? A. There is no way
to - keep them from taking
advantage. If they state they
are going to refrain from tak-
ing advantage, and then re-
fuse to do so, then they have
not met their agreement, and
the conditions for the nego-
tiations have failed.
Q. And then, if they did
violate that, you would favor
then resuming bombing, I
would presume.
A. I would assume we
would have no alternative.
If they did not meet their
obligations or we do not meet
our obligations, then I assume
there is absolutely no sense
in negotiating. It would be a
useless task. To negotiate
there has to be good faith if
any result is to be achieved
and if. during the negotia-
tions, bad faith is-evidenced
then there is no need to Ile-
eotiate.
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" WASHIN POST 26 JANUARY 1968
Clifford Rep esented Arms Pirms
By Drew Pearson and
Jack Anderson
Every Secretary of Defense
since the office was estalishedi
in 1947 has represented the In.:
dustrlal-military allianc el
which President Eisenhower
warned against In his last mcs-,
sage to the American people.:
They have been either indus-
trialists themselves or lawyers
like Louis Johnson or bankers
like James Forrestal repre-
senting big defense Industries.
The new Secretary of De-,
�fense, Clark Clifford, is no ex-1
Iception.
I The only real exception was.
'Robert S. McNamara who,
:though head of the second'
:largest motor company in thel
world�Ford�had been a
teacher, was essentially hu.
;manila/len, and time after
, time bucked the alliance which
Eisenhower warned against.
McNamara's theory, which he
successfully said to LBJ, was
.that nuclear war was so cata-
strophic the only solution was
Ina to increase our already
,bristling arsenal of missiles
but to negotiate missile and
!nuclear agreements with Rus-
sia instead.
Time after time McNamara
refused to spend the billions
tics on Capitol Hill, plus the'
military-industrial allianced
packed too much of a punch;
with Congress.
., Clark Clifford, on the other
hand, has spent all of his Ca-
reer as a private attorney de-
fending some of the defense
giants. Ile has been on their
side In their battles against
the same. U.S. Government
which he will now represent
as Secretary of Defense. 1
Contractors Roll Call
These clients have pulled
down In the fiscal year 1967
the sum total of $1,890,200,000
in defense . contracts plus
S494.659,000 in research grants.
all from Uncle Sam.
General Electric, in the fis-
cal year 1967, ranked fourth
among the defense contractors
of the Nation, with a total of
:51,289,800,000 in war orders.
;GE also received as a gift
i from Uncle Sam a total of
.$439,090,000 for research and
.development.
. Another of Clifford's clients,
the Radio Corporation of
'America, received $268,000,000
.in defense contracts, plus
,$54,429,000 in grants from
;Uncle Sam.
1 Du Pont received
$179.600.000 in defense con-
voted by Rep, Mendel Rii ers tracts, and $1,140,000 In grants
;ID-S.C.) and other hawks in for research.
;Congress for atomic-poweredl Standard Oil of California,
:airplane carriers, the B-701another Clifford client re-
bomber and an anti-ballistic:ceived $152,800,000 in defense
!missile network. This eventu.,contracts.
;ally contributed to his down-I Clifford has done a phe-
Ifafi. The hawkish-minded poll-,nomenal job for these clients.
NEW YORK POST 25
For Mr. Clifford by WILLIAM k: . BUCKLEY JR.
You will have noticed that Mr. Clark Clifford, our forthcom-
ing Secretary of Defense, has been coy on the question whether
he is a hawk or a dove, disdaining, as he put it, "such ornitho-
logical categories." But the wise men in Washington tell us that
he is convinced of the rightness of the Veitnam war, and Indeed
it is unlikely that President Johnson would have appointed to
tit at his left hand someone who substantially disagreed with
him on so important a question. .
It has even been whispered that Mr. Clifford will pursue the
objectives of victory in Vietnam more wholeheartedly than Mr.
McNamara did, about whom the insiders tell of great agonizing
over the entire matter, an agonizing which cannot compare with
the agonizing of American soldiers as they hear shells drop over
them which were manufactured in the Soviet Union and found
their way to the war front because Mr. McNamara�and Mr.
Johnson�agonize over world opinion.
But let us assume that the conduct of the Vietnam � war
will proceed more or less at the pace of the last year or two, and
hope that the cumulative pressures on North Vietnam will begin
to tell; and that before long the military creaking and groaning
will abate. What then? What will we see after it is over in Viet-
nam?
A period of peace in the Southeast Asian part of the world
we are entitled to expect. But history teaches us the unlikelihood
that there will be peace everywhere in the world. And all the less
likely considering the techniques of the modem revolutionists,
who have learned to cause so much disturbance with so few men.
The so-called wars of liberation are certain to prove to be
the military Model A Ford of the 20th century�cheap, durable,
and ubiquitous. All it takes is a couple of thousand guerrillas,
1
Ilc got the du Pont family's
tax bill drastically reduced
when they faced the prospect!
of paying Uncle Sam $470 mil-j
lion in taxes after the court'
decreed they had to sell their
General Motors stock. This
was done by an act of Con-
gress.
Later, when General lotors
stock went up in value. Clif-
ford saved the du Pont family
around $56 million additional
by persuading the Treasury to
write a special tax ruling for
the du Ponts.
Clifford has also repre-
sented the largest pipeline
company in the world, El Paso
Natural (las, which three
times has been cracked down
on by the Supreme Court for
trying to combine with Pacific
Northwest Gas. Somehow or
other the battery of astute
lawyers always got El Paso's
dubious claims past a compla-
cent Justice Department and a
previously supine Federal
Power Commission, now much
improved. They were not suc-
cessful, however, in lulling the
Supreme Court.
It should be noted that Clif-
'ford was not alone. For var-
ious legal footwork, El Paso
paid Richard Nixon's law firm
$77,629.20 in one year and the
John Foster Dulles law firm
;of Sullivan and Cromwell
i$948,645.54 over a longer pe-
of switching his very con-
siderable talents for Uncle
Sam. The only question Is
whether he has been so long
steeped in the atmosphere of
his industrial clients that he
can make the switch. His
!friends, including Lyndon B.
!Johnson, are convinced he can.
lie understands the lan-
guage of the defense giants
and could be just as tough on
1
ithem as he was with the US.
Government when he repre-
sented the giants against the
Government.
. Another asset will be his
ability to speak the language
, of Capitol Hill. Clifford is an
lold poker-playing Truman
;Democrat who has taken
;money away from the tough-
est hawks in the House and
Senate. Unlike Bob Mc-
Namara, who talked with
, graphs and computers, Clark
;Clifford can talk the language
lof the bourbon highball. Un-
fortunately this is almost es-
sential when it comes to deal-
ing with headstrong Congress-
men such as Mendel Rivers
who are convinced they know
more about missiles and car-
riers than any Secretary of
Defense.
non or me.
Uncle Sam's Lawyer'
As Secretary of. Defense,1
Clifford will be in the positionl
JANUARY 1968 (26
a pipeline to the Soviet Union, a local Che Guevara, and you -
are in business. n::dmblftegud iTiin tisioeze gumavhezlatpsy;h=isgii..11;
'PpioinicYt2sge: o
Inasmuch as the U. S. is primarily charged with the re- of the world is altogether understandable. But until we simply
sponsibilities for counteraction, it is we who need to think give up on the rest of the world, we have got to help out.
beyond the Vietnam war and ask ourselves whether we are And the way to do that is primarily by making arms avail.
willing again to pay so high a price as we will have pald in able, and also small, professional forces which will absorb the
Vietnam in order to contain other national liberation fronts in 'shriek until such moment as the locals are trained to attend to
other parts of the world. their own defense.,Rerhaps someone in Washington will be good
Mr. Clifford should turn his attention to the problem, and enough to question-Mr. Clifford on the matter at his next press
aunely the place to start would be by announcing a future COM- conference.
9�s
Making the transition from
a tough corporation lawyer to
a tough lawyer for Uncle Sam
will not be easy. Some law-
yers, when they Join the Gov-
ernment, never get It done.
But we believe Clifford will
do it. He is an honest and ex-
tremely able man.
mitment to the volunteer army. If you like, to the mercenary
army. The arguments in favor of it have been frequently re-
hearsed, as recently as in 1964 by both the Presidential mull,
dates. As is so often the case with election year promises,
nothing has been done, nothing in this case to phase out the
draft. Perhaps the reason why is the great manpower demands
of the Vietnam war.
But that is no reason for putting off a public discussion of
the volunteer military, and it is always appropriate to bigthink
about strategic matters upon taking the oath of office, which
oath Mi. Clifford is about to take.
The conventional arguments are that a) a professional force
renders professional services. As things now stand, an American
technican becomes highly qualified, highly useful, by let us say
June, and in September his tour of duty is over. b) The extra
cost of luring men into a professional military force is not
likely to exceed the great cost of continually training the mil-
lions of young men whose services are used over so short a
period. To which conventional argument should be added, c) the
great commotion caused by a draft, and the influence of that
commotion on the formulation of an effective foreign policy
backed up by a mobile armed force.
If the U. S. is going to help out next year in Brazil, the year
after In the Sudan, and the year after that in Nigeria, surely
we do not want to replay the tensions of the existing war? It
is bad enough to contemplate another half-century of financing
resistance to the Communists throughout the world, but it is
more than flesh and blood can bear to contemplate a 90-year-
Old Dwight Macdonald refusing his 25th consecutive invitation to
the White House.
The Influence of American youth and their epigoni, the
intellectuals the academicians the opinion.makers on foreign
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CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, 26 Wry 1968
Thong's resignation jars Saigon
Second Of a two-part series about revamp-
ing the South Vietnamese armed forces.
By Beverly Deepe
Special correspondent of
The Christian Science Monitor
Saigon
While concentrated efforts are being made
to improve South Vietnam's 300,000-man
provincial forces, their newly appointed
commander has protested Saigon snafus and
military in-fighting by resigning and taking
annual leave.
The resignation of Gen. Nguyen Due
Thang�one of Saigon's most controversial,
competent, and dynamic generals�has not
yet been accepted, and considerable discus-
sion has arisen here over Whether it will
be. General Thang�sometimes called "the
blitz general"�is currently on leave for
an unspecified duration.
Although he has submitted his resigna-
tion from the South Victnainese Army a
number of times in the past General Thong
has continued to rise in either military or
governmental circles.
It would be considered a serious blow to
the rock-bottom limits of the Army's leader-
ship if he were to be dropped from the mili-
tary roster. He is currently the No. 2
officer at the Vietnamese high command,
responsible for the provincial forces plus
the Revolutionary Development Cadre, who
implement the critical pacification program.
The appointment of General Thang as
� commander of the provincial forces was
considered here to be one of the most clean-
cut, significant steps in improving the com-
bat effectiveness of these units. The 1968
program for revamping the 670,000-man
armed forces will concentrate on these
provisional forces�equivalent to 25 conven-
tional army divisions in strength�rather
than in the regular ground forces.
Two groupings included
These provincial forces are composed of
two paramilitary groupings: The 150,000-
man Popular Forces, who are part-time
fighters and part-time farmers in the 250
districts throughout the countryside, and
the 150,000-man Regional Forces, who oper-
ate at the provincial level in the country-
side.
These two groupings, often affectionately
called "Ruffs" and "Puffs" for their RI'
and PF designations, sustain heavier bat-
tlefield casualties and desertion rates than
the regular forces. They also kill a higher
proportion of Communists.
Yet, they are paid smaller salaries, have
fewer fringe benefits, and have the poorest
grade of weapons. The salary of a Popular
Forces private is 2,200 piasters a month
(roughly $22) plus 200 piasters ($2) a
month in rice allowances for each member
of his family.
General Thang is the first officer at the
central-government level to have central-
ized operational control of the Regional and
Popular Forces. In the past, generals at
the Saigon level have assumed only logisti-
cal and administrative responsibility for
the widely scattered forces considered by
some to be the "unsung heroes" of the war.
At the lower levels, a new deputy has been
appointed to each province chief to look
after the interests of the Regional and Pop-
ular Forces.
"This is mostly a psychological play to
snake the little RF and PP feel they have a
daddy," one reliable source reported.
Special units set up
Most of the other improvements in the
It
1 and P 1
logistical and administrative fields. An ad-
ministrative, support, and logistical unit has
been set up in each of the 44 provinces
tailored to serve better the needs of the
forces, which frequently operate miles away
from headquarter cities.
In some provinces, a small element of the
Regional and Popular Forces will be held
us reserve, no that in times of trouble it can
reinforce a sister unit without aid of the
Vietnamese regulars.
Beginning this year, plans were made to
corciputerize the accounting system of the
Popular Forces by starting a "by-name,"
punch-card IBM system to keep better track
of the individual trooper. This system was
started with the Regional Forces in July,
1966, and ill January of that year the regu-
lar Army took it up also.
This would presumably eliminate the past
gractice of "phantom soldiers"�names on
payrolls of persons who either never existed
Or else had been killed or wounded months
'before.
� General Thong's disappointment, which
led to his submitting his resignation, cen-
tered on several things: the greater com-
mand and responsibility for the adminis-
tration of the provinces; the changing and
training of new province chiefs; and the lack
of transfer of authority over the regular
Army battalions assigned to a province for
pacification-support missions from the divi-
sion commanders to the province chiefs.
Pacification supported
These pacification-support forces now in-
clude elements of the 960 Regional Force
companies, the 4,300 Popular Force .pla-
toons, now under the day-to-day operational
control of the province chief, Plus the 50 to
60 regular battalions of regular Vietnamese
Army troops, which take orders either from
the province chiefs or their division com-
manders, or sometimes both.
A fourth component�but riot for secu-
rity � is the 'Revolutionary Development
-cadres, the activists who are building
schools, market places, and dispensaries at
the hamlet level for their pacification
assignments. These cadres now are under
the control of General Thong, at the mili-
tary command, rather than under the gov-
ernment's Ministry of Revolutionary De-
velopment, General Thang's last post.
General Thang, a northerner, is one ol the
most controversial and most progressive-
thinking generals in the South Vietnamese
command. But he is commonly identified
with Vice-President Nguyen Cao Ky�cer-
tainly on issues of radical change�and this
has not endeared him to President Thieu,
who is in disagreement with Vice-President
Ky on many points.
General Mang has in the past been closely
identified with retired Air Force Gen.
Edward Landsdale, the so-called kingmaker
of Ramon Magsaysay during the Philippines
insurgency. This in turn has not en-
deared General Thong to many of the more
tradition-minded, anti-Lansdale American
generals.
General Thang is also often identified with
Robert Komer, the deputy commander in
the American military establishment for
pacification, who is also known to have con-
siderable disagreements with the more con-
ventional approaches of the American gen-
erals.
Reform proposal recalled
General Thang was known to have sup-
ported the radical-reform proposal in
which the politico-military powers of the 10
Vietnamese division commanders and four
corps commanders would have been sub-
stantially reduced; thus, General Thong
NriSleffiR, 29 2annen7 1968 (2bY
HO'S PRICE FOR U.S. PILOTS Defense Secretary McNamara last summer esti-
mated that the U.S. inflicted $320 million in
Commonist Party leaders in Hanoi say that Ho bombing damage in North Vietnam from Fehru-
Chi price for releasing the more than 200 :try 1965 to July 1967. Note: the United Staten
Amrrican pilots is that the U.S. agree to pay for has lost 767 aircraft worth $2 billion over the
all damages caused by the bombing of the north. north.
10�r
lo
st the support of this powerful clique of
generals.
These more conservative Vietnamese
generals charge General Thong with "em-
pire building" and "chasing after the Amer-
icans." They also resent the support Gen-
eral 'Thong has from Vice-President Ky
who they say, as an Air Force general, "is
not military minded and has not com-
manded infantry troops in his whole life."
The Ky-Thang-Komer hope was to move
the Vietnamese division and corps com-
manders out of the politico-military chain of
command. This has, for the time being,
been blocked by some pivotal American
and Vietnamese generals. The first group
wanted to establish a direct link between
the central government in Saigon and the 44
province chiefs, who are both the political
heads and military commanders of General
Thong's Popular and Regional Forces.
Control move blocked
General Thong also wanted the province
chiefs, rather than division commanders, to
control those regular Army battalions as-
signed to pacification within given provinces.
But this, too, has been blocked in given
instances by the generals at this time.
Even more important is the issue of who
appoints and trains the province chiefs. And
for the past two months high-level intrigue
on the Vietnamese side has revolved around
this point. General Thang drew up a list of
the province chiefs, 15 now in that post, and '
29 new ones who have been appointed from
other positions. These 44 were to be trained
beginning Dec. 4 at the Vung Tau school
where General Thong's Revolutionary De-
velopment Cadres are tutored.
When the Vietnamese corps commanders
torpedoed this project, it was rescheduled
for late December, when the Ky-Thieu con-
flict again postponed it. This disgusted Gen-
eral Thong, who submitted his resignation
in early January,
President Thieu has since told General
Thang to set up the training course for Feb.
2. But General Thong has reportedly re-
fused, and most of the training now is sched-
uled to take place in Saigon instead of at
the Vung Tau school.
The Saigon government in the past has
formally appointed the 44 province chiefs
throughout the countryside. In practice,
shtoawtees3ve.r, the job has often been sold by the
corps commander, sometimes fbr as much
as 5,000,000 piasters�roughly $5,000 (United
Jobs often sold
-The subordinate job of district chief was
often sold by the division commander. The
net effect was rampant corruption by these
officers, plus a tie-up of government, with
the district chiefs often quarreling with the
province chiefs.
In the past several months, General
Thong was responsible for selecting the 29
newly appointed province chiefs � which
cut into the financial benefits of the corps
commander�and he wanted to move them
into th7.i- new jobs in blitz fashion.
New, 40wever, the central government
has deeded on a plow-motion change of
province chiefs.
General Thane was also eager to begin
training the Popular Forces not simply as
security forces, but also as an integrated
part of the Revolutionary Development
cadre program, in which they would assist
with the construction of schools, wells, and
marketplaces. But this plan, while report-
edly approved by General Komer, has been
blocked by high-civil American generals, by
President Thieu, and .by the corps com-
mander:,
egiona opu ar Forces center_ in the
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_
F'UESLO-NORTH KOREA (TOPS IN)
NASHIKGTON (AP)-THE COmmANDER Of Tit U.S. INTELLIGENCE SHIP
PUEBLO ORDERED Tap EECRET OODE$ Ail) ELECTRONIC GEAR DESTROYED
NORTH KOREANS BOARDED HIS SHIP, SOuRCES SAID TODAY*
ImE DISCLOSURE CAME AS A POUR-SHIP NAVY TASK FORGE, INCLuDING
Tit CAUSER ENTERPRISE, CRUISED TORARD NORTH KOREA AND Tit UNITED
STATES APPLIED DIPLOMATIC LEVERAGE .11* A 810 TO RECOVER THE VESSEL
AND PEA 851&N. .
THE PEKTABON KNOWS- ISO ELABORATE DESTRUCT PROCEDLILES7DE5IGtCD
TO razata CRITICAL INFORiUTION FROM FALLINO INTO Miff HANDSAERE
� INITIATED, SOLACES DISCLOSED.
IT KAS NOT DETEIWINED fuCTFCR AU. Tit CLASSIFIED GEAR RAS BLIkatO
OR DUMPED OVERBOARD. THE PENTAGON ASSUMES THAT MOST OF THE VAL UAS4
MATER SAL OAS DESTROVED.
Tit PROCEDURE INDUCED Tit FIRING OF EXPLOSIVE DESTRUCT
0EvICES AROUND Tit CCNAIUNICATIONS PARAPHERNALIA.
THERE REIM REPORTS Tit PuEBLO'S FOUR ROUNDED mEN NEU INJIAED
BY TIC EXPLOSIVES, BUT SOURCES SAID l'fiE REALLY DON'T giOn NHAT
SUPPEKEID. TO Tit mEN,
- FORTH KOREA, IN A MONITORED SROADCAST, CLAIMED KILLING AND
NOuNDING SONE OF THE PUEBLO'S OtEMAEN�
CZ lames 1/24
" �'�
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63
PUEBLO-EQUIPNENT
WASHINGTON CAP)-NORTH KOREAN CAPTuRE OF ThE PUEBLO GIVES THE
GOkuuNISTS AN OPPORTUNITY TO EXAMINE SOME OF THE MOST MODERN U.S.
EQUIPMENT USED IN ELECTRONIC INTELLIGENCE GATHERING.
MESSAGES FROM THE PUEBLO BEFORE SHE WAS OVERWHELMED INDICATE
THE CREW MAY HAVE SUCCEEDED IN DESTROYING AT LEAST SOME OF THE SECRET
GEAR AM) CODES.
Furr AT- APPEARED LIKELY-THAT THERE�STILL- WAS MUM: :14tRiENIT WHICH
THE COMMUNISTS COULD STUDY WITH PROFIT TO THEM.
EXAMINATION. OF OFFICIAL NAVY PICTuRES OF THE PUEBLO SHOWS SOME OF
THE EXTE RNAL EQUIPMENT.
1. TWIN ANTENNAE INDICATE THE DIRECTION OF SIGNALS BEING MONITORED
SO OTHER DEVICES CAN HOME IN ON THEM.
2. THE PUEBLO IS FITTED WITH LONG POLES APPEARING TO SUPPORT
CABLES FOR SENDING MESSAGES TO SUBMERGED SUBMARINES VIA LOW RE-
QUENCY RADIO WAVES.
3. RADAR EQUIPMENT APPARENTLY DESIGNED FOR CAROMING SIGNALS OFF
THE TROPOSPHERE�THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE. THIS METHOD IS ESPECIALLY
SUITABLE FOR LISTENING IN ON MESSAGES BETWEEN AIRCRAFT AND
GROUND CONTROLLERS.
J01255PES JAN 24
_
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bit
WASHINGTON--ADD PUEBLO-EQUIPMENT (63)
4. A CONVEZ ANTENNA, FOCUSED SKYWARD, PROBABLY FOR LISTENING IN
ON AIRCRAFT RADIO CONVERSATIONS,
THE MID-SECTION OF THE 935-TON PUEBLO IS CONSIDERED A PROBABLE
SITE FOR EQUIPMENT THAT RECORDS MESSAGES INTERCEPTED By OD-ER
� DEVICES--INFORMATION PROBASL Y 41ELAYED.r.1K TO TIE NATIONAL. SECLR IT Y
-AGENCY' AT FT. WADE, , FOR DECODING AND ANALYSIS*
NAVY SOURCES INDICATED TIE PUEBLO PROBABLY HAD UNDERWATER
HYOROPHOIES, WITH A LIFE TRAILING BEHIND TIE CRAFT UNDER TIE SI.RFACE
OF TIE WATER.
TIE HYDROPHONES PICK UP SOUNDS OF SUBMARINES AND TIE UNDERWATER
CHURNING OF SHIP PROPELLERS. SINCE SHIPS MAKE SOMEWHAT � INDIVIDUALISTIC
SOUNDS, TI-ESE IDENTIFIABLE "SIGNATURES" CAN BE USED BY INTELL I -
CE EXPERTS, AFTER BEING RECORDED, FOR LATER IDENTIFICATION.
J 1238PES JAN 24
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1)44 or
C-incern Over Pue)
Voiced in Soviet Press
By EDMUND STEVENS
Special to The Star
MOSCOW � Although Soviet
diplomacy has so far declined
the American request to act as a
go-between in seeking the re-
lease of the USS Pueblo from
North Korea, the Soviet press
reflects mounting concern here
lest the incident kindle another
corulagration.
Moscoe natur ally accepts
unquestioningly the assertion of
its North Korean ally that the
Pueblo was captured in North
Korean territorial waters.
Pravda's Washington corre-
spondent, Boris Strelnikov, ca-
bled his paper by way of confir-
mation that no less an authority
than Sen. J. William Fullbright,
fl-Ark., admitted that this time
the United States was caught
red .handed and that the Pueblo
was indeed engaged in espio-
nage.
- Adds Strelnikov: "Sensible
Americans' do not believe the
Pentagon version that the Pueb-
lo was seized in international
waters."
. To the Russians the Pueblo
'readily invites comparison with
the U2 incident when the U.S.
spy plane piloted by Gary Pow-
ers was shot down over Sver-
dlovsk thousands of miles inside
the U.S.S.R.
The Russians still recall "cov-
er stories" floated by U.S.
spokesmen before ex-Premier
Nikita S. Ithrushchev revealed
the truth.
Almost as if anticipating the
Pueblo incident, the Soviet press
recently reprinted an article
from the Italian weekly "Epo-
ca" describing the sophisticated
electronic worldwide espionage
masterminded by the National
Security Agency and the part
played by intelligence gathering
ships.
The seizure of the Pueblo coin-
cided somewhat with the arrival
in Moscow yesterday of a North
Korean delegation headed by the
deputy chief of state.
Conceivably the Pueblo inci-
dent and the attempt by North
Korean infiltrators to kill South
Korean President, Chung Hee
Park could be designed to warn
the United States that continued
escalation in Vietnam could lead
to retaliatory action elsewhere
in Asia:
But most observers here agree
Moscow neither programs nor
anticipates a major crisis' in Ko-
rea. Otherwise, it's unlikely Pre-
mier Alexei .D. Kosygin
have depattedgir New Delhi; *
Soviet propaganda 'has hid a
field day playing up the U.S.
incursion into Cambodia and the
1352_cras1iin_Greenland with its
nuclear bomb load as examples
of aggressive brinkmanship by
the 'U.S. military .and proof of
the Soviet contention that Amer-
ican policy is the main threat to
world peace.
Meanwhile, t h e rumblings
from Korea virtually drowned
out the peace-loving beeps gen-
erated by British Prime Minis-
ter Harold Wilson's Moscow
talks.
The British press spokesman
sought to encourage optimism
while the talks were going on by
liberal use of such adjectives as
"frank, friendly and construc-
tive" while disclosing nothing of
substance.
The joint communique, how-
ever, said little. The main indi-
cation that on Vietnam the gap
had been narrowed, as Wilson
claimed, was the affirmation
that both sides supported the
principles of the Geneva agree-
ments and would work jointly
and separately for a just politi-
cal solution.
Unlike the communique after
Wilson's visit last year, it includ-
ed no expression of regret at
failure to reach agreement on
Vietnam.
ti
0.
P.
nc
f0
t's
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Veather Forecast
/Daniel and vicinity-11,11n becoming miscil
with nr turning in snow tonight; cold, low
in upper 'Ans. Cloudy. windy and cold to-
morrow. precipitation coding, high in 2als.
Chance of precipitation 60 percent tonight,
10 percent tomorrow, Toduy's two. 35 at
4:rs a.m.: high, 47 at 2 p.m.
rya tc,arr Pnt 1.6
WITH SUNDAY NQRNING EDITICIN
Stocks Final
Closing New York Market
Page A-11
Prices Today: Loi.cr
116th Year. No. 23.
tereeste
Tee Oral,. it+r,ee.e,�
WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, JANUARY 23, 1968-38 PAGES
Phone LL 3-5000
10 Cents
'Phis is the. 1:577� Pueblo acrred by lite North Koreans today.
Intelligence Vessel
Apparently in Port,
U.S. Seeks Release
it DE115.5111, itteEttr/.31,AN
staaSina woof
Ninth ICerca testae seized a 1/.S. Nave Intelligence ship
and apparently toriid II iota a North Ithrerin port, The
Potted States sold it viewed the incident with "utmail cros.
lty' end called Inc the "immediate release" of the shit; clad
its Osman mese.
ytn, &M.; pip�blo was surromirksk by' North Koreans to
lour patrol hivith, hosnted and raptured 'while AIIG aircraft
hew ovhrhenn, be Pentagon
The State Department said the Soviet Union was n.skeri
today to convey to North Korea Me "urgent request" for the
release at the Pueblo and Its crew. The 1.7.5. does not have
diplomatic relations with North Kerea,
"I want to rat:who:sire the SeriouseraS with which se
view this flagrant North Korean action agolost a U.S. Naval
vessel on the high ',was,' State Deportment spokesman Kith- �
ert 4. alcCloskey sold.
If S. officials obso said they are inking ''''err serious
viess'; of tho apparent .itep.sip in Commiudit military action
within South Korea-and Me apparent desire of North Korea
to Increase lenSions throughout the area,
Will Take Deemed to N. Noicans
MCCIoskey Said that the matter of the Ship's release trill
also he brought up directly with North Korea at meeting of
the Afilitare Artuatite Cominission which is charged With
enforcing the 1951 armistiee that ended the Korean war.
A meeting of the Ithnitio group - nee United Nations
officers and fire Commitulsts-is scheduled for 9 per. EST
today at Pananinlom. The meeting had been scheduled to
discuss a U.N., complaint abotar the attempt on Sunday night
be North Korean agents to assassiome South Korean Pres!.
sdent Chung lire Park
The &tense Department said the Pitetth-st 179-foet
-intelligence rellection mottlifire :hip" armed with two .50-
caliber machine guns-was bo5nted about 25 miles off the
North Korean shore.
North Kenn, Ali% claims territorial itg.hts.p: miles (nit
It sea, shid the itS, vessel nor within North Korean waters
and labeled this t�pcovoeniton.-
TO Incident took .placo shortly before midnight trash.
Mama time-about lt4S p.m. Tuesday. Korean limo.
President Johtann into awakened rind told Itinn the loci.
dent about 2. a.m. and about natal today the White limae
called the, sittiatiOn "tore seminar,'
The Pueblo radical that. it was being forced to proceed
In Me North Korean port ni Wonsan, and 'it wits presumed
that it wns being held then.
The Pueblo radioed that it dki not lire its weapons. There
were unconfirmeti reports., however, that there were some
wounded aboard.
Word Caine From Pyingyang Radio
First word from North Korea an the incident was
broadcast from Pyongyang Ratlio claindag that North Korea
had captured "an armed spy boat of the imperialist ag-
gressor forte which intruded way Into the territorial waters
of the republic anti was carrying out hostile artIvaies."
Coincidental with the rapture of the
Pyongyang also broadcast claims that 'armed guerrilla
units" hail attacked sentry posts of the U.S. 2nd Infantry
Division. In South Korea, There was no itornediate confirms-
bad hero, but there were reports from Seoul of sporadic
skirmishing in the 'northern part of South Korea,
Many detaiLs on the Pueblo's capture are lacking but.
accenting to the tkfctac Department onnotothement, this is
what happened:
St aPPPaatmatelY IS p,m. Est yesterday a Korth Korean
patrol boat onprnachcd the Pueblo about 25 miles oft the
North Korean coast,
losing international flag signals, the North Korean boat
See page
o 60
6.����������=e1
miuis �
�
YON*:
'NORTH
KOREA
� t. �TAGYARIG
SOUTH
*.:0P
7 SEOUL
KOREA
'Ms (Si .inarto opprosininte location of the
USS ['nobly when it rails seized by North
Korean patrol honks.
I First Hill Reaction:
Alarm, Indignation
112 Cls.Cii. I101.I.AND
ss is. sash moo,
The stinite of the COS Pueblo by North Korea brought deep
concern-and intlignatino-M1 Capitol Mil today.
Son, Richard It, Russell, DsGa., chairman of the Armed
Services Coinrulttee, Said, "It is a very whim breach of Utters
rational tow. which almoSt amounts to an act of war.,"
, Russel; said the Mails he has recessed am essraray," hut
4 ,d41.,,,i that he did not know why the Pueblo did net defend
l05c11 or call the tie ,typoil chnirsg the two Ceuta or . that
II Won thrtaiitned by the North Korean patrol taints.
Sen. A. William Fultinght, I)-Ark., a milk of the administro�
. Den s kietharn policies, said the
;incident was "'very (erious-if
.It was on the high eras."
1 FaIhright klartascd the Ices
, dent. wath reporters after Or
4S.-imato Foreign Relations Com-
mittee, whigh At head, had ase-
Ceived a briefing. from Richard
� Helms, director 'Of the Geattn1
Intellig,enca Agency, an oceis
gall intelligence rnattern.
Flabright had a copy of the
'Defense Department statement.
1whith said the ship was an the
high seas when it Was Seized by
Muth Korean forces,
Ile referral no this and under
questieuing by reporters told.
"Tin not in a position to un-
derwrite what comes out of the
l)efOase and State depart-
moms "
But, be added that it the ship
was on toe ingh Seas "we ought
'to roof test the return of the ship
, . , we mph( to protest."
.Several 5enators, inelUdin2
thlajority Leader Mika:dam:told
of Manama, related the ineirlath
Sce llEACTioN, page A.4
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THE EVENING STAR
iyeeeteene, 0. C., rood, Jana,
Ship Captured by Reds a ravy Vessel Doing a Navy Job
By ORR KEIllee
nor Staff 11suo
The intelligence gathering ship capered by North Korea
'coley woe a Navy ship xith a Navy crew opentting on a
)Nary mission.
Infonned :Seethes eala the 1M Pueblo wee different from
[the USS Lawny which was attacked by Lentli.threes off the
I Sinai Peninstal Junent, ,. e
Althoueth the fact was never confirmed by the Peetagen,
il , it wns teemed at that time that the Navy operated the Liberty
as a floating electronic Infatuation-gathering vessel tor the
i ,Notional Security Agency, .
'Pentagon sources deelined le say just eant the nee of
Ore lanthlo Was all the North Korean Chore, but there were
indientents that Its asearnment was to monitor North Korean
radio traffic sod radar operations for the Nary.
Roth the United States and the Soviet Linkat have a
number of electronic intelligeece, ships which perform a
variety of roles.
The Swiel ehips regularly operate near the bases for
11.5. Polaris miseile sulenarines and off Cape K.neely,
They aire normally show up to keep an eye or, U.S. anti
NATO manuevers.
to the�Gulf of Tonkin, Soviet electronic trawlers shadow.
U.S. aircraft carriers, operating just at the hotizon, beyond
the carriers' destroyer rcreen. Their major purpose is pre-
Aimed to be to act so an early warning system for North
eletimmese antantreraft mews.
The U.S. electronic reaps are used to help keep track of
Ithelet missile anti epee,: benefice. Operating a abort tile-
lanes off.thorr, they also are capable of listening Ls on radio
traffic. and ploairg tho lecithin and pourer of shore-banal
rater installations.
The Russians have :A large trawlers and the United
Steles has five converted merchant ships for electehnic eurs
veillance. Is, edditiee. heth haltane have eizable numbers of
smaller ships sueh as the hable.which are need Inc this
peryoze, Combat zhips also carry a large array 'of sirnaar
electronic equipment.
The United States claims only a 3-rnile limit' off her
shores, which means that Soviet veeesele can evraie juSi
outside the 3.ntile Rutile and still bn Is Iracrentemae theft, ,
The Russians, leenh Koreans and a number of other
natter, ebbe a 12-mile territorial lime. Chile clattn.s 'a 200-
mile leak and has taken action against U.S. fiehleg boats .
operatem within etret area.
SHIP
N. Koreans Seize
U.S. Vessel, 83 Men
'Comintied Prete Page A,I
asked the Peale to ideality Its
netiozality. Tian Feeble ideal.
lied itself as a U.S. Map,
"Contireileg to see tiegsignals,
the patrol boat said "heave to,
inel will open ate on you."
elle 'Pueblo replied: "I am In
leternatIonal weters."
The patrol beat circled the
Pueblo. �
Abele an hour later. three
additional patrol craft 'appear-
ed.
- One Of them ordered: 'Tallow
In my wake; I have a peel
aboaed."
eerdioas from North Korea over
tIto peel year.
Just a day before, a band of
North Koreans sneaked into
Segel and npperently tried to
Anne the Blue fauna, the home
of an Scull Korean chief of
state, he acre detected sod
driven off In a gun battle.
There is no solid laformadem
on who the North Koreans bath
deckled to therease the temN
of theft netivity triter years of
generally quiet adberenee ta
tire Ira aretheice.
North Korean leader Kim le
Sung, however, has constantly
called for brood Interuatienel
euppert for Nerth Vietnam. and
The foe: shipe closed in. on the eaeef�..,laebffoeTe.t teUalaeltaea,��[IalLe;
en
Pueblo, tubing dathreat post- aeo, U.S. effort in (�at'ae" ,o.
trots on bee bow, Dome and The Noe, Kee,��eos ore pee-
(10050.5'. Amiably embarrassed try the,
lied Planes Overhead fact that South Pores has con.
tribe:cif two divthions to the al-
�Two MIG aircraft were alas Sad �,,e, le e.,,ethee, �e�, they
sighted be the Pueblo's t..ua b�., doer .,,,,,,,g even comp,
circling off 'I' atarb'at�i bay'', able[ Thor North Nomaae are
Otte of the Petrel croft beam, =Mil to have teethed some Nor-th
backing mewled the bow of theitieteee, peke eee moiled
Pueblo with fenders rigged. A555 aircraft,
armed boarding party was:
standing on the bow. A Militant Broadeast
The Pueblo radioed at 11.451 Tbe nee', ezo�en beoee�..,
ail' EST that she w" belay was !Meet with mill:ant Ion-
hoarded by North Koreans, the geese,
P 1
'f',w'' .M.P'ru"
n "a_eid' � It claimed that the Seoul
Al 12510 sot, CST le,i0Y oie Korean government was beset
Pueblo reported that she bad by the revolt Lem the patriot!,
been requested to follow the South Korean people.' This has
North Kar""laba into War's" been a standard escuse from
and that she had not used nay �rib Korea whenever non,, of
weapon, their I:dile-eters are captured.
The final reeseSe irate the The hroaticast linked the cap.
Feeble teas sent et 12132 A.m, tare of the Vessel with the M-
R reported that it hnd come to temp, by Norte leo�en egeete
"all stop" and that it was t�go- to assassinate President Park.
Mg all the air."
"Th,s U.S. imperialist. as-
Exert Loention Given ,..ecesor f,ore.., _bogtheeng ho go
The Pueblo had reported that wild at the tromere the fierce
the boarding took place at 127 surprise attack was thunehed at
degrevs, 54.3 [Menthe Cent lanai- the heart of Seoul�fired thou-
lode; 35 degrees, 25 cr.inutes sands of rounds of small arms
north latitude. and artillery fire ago our area
Secretary of State Dean Rank toot night, while en the sea they
called it a "matter of utmost
gravhy."
At the United Nations. U,S.
Ambassader Arthur J. Goldberg
expressed concern" to U.N.
Secretary-General: Ti Thaet but,
said he did not ask for any
li.N, help in getting the vessel
released.
The Pueblo has a complement
of 83 men, incIdding six officers,
75 enlisted men and two civil.
inns.
It is diaignared as the AGR.2
and is described as a modified
light cargo slap eAKL). The Pu-
eblo is 179 feet long and 33 feet
wide with a displacement of 905
tares. It has a 10.2 foot draft. ith
mattimum speed is 12,2 knots.,
Nebraskan le Skipper
The skipper of the Pueblo was
identified by the Pentagon as
Comniander Lloyd Mark Bucher
of Lincoln, Neb. .
The veeeel repartee� the ,11.5.
Navy�not tie 11.S. intelligence
agencies.
Navy soothes said the term
"auxiliary" reed lathe ship's
identification serves to indicate
that if is an auxiliary to the fleet
and pot a combet� ship.
It is said to have various elec-
tronic and oceanographic equip
merit aboard, presumably allow-
lag It to monitor radio traffic as
well as to take soundings 'on the
possible prthence of submarines
and other ships in the area.
The incident�tbc gravest "sea
confrontation since the Gulf of
Tonkin euacks in Auguet 1544�
is the latest fn a series of pro,
sent as: armed spy vessel of the
U.S. forces to intrude into we-
ets off Woman and perpetthte
serious provocation.
-What a brazen-faced dthper-
ate death-led kick this DI Ore
naval vesseLe engaged is patrol
duty en the eau captured the
armed vessel of the U.S. Imper-
ialist eggeeesor force and the
entire crew. resolutely defyhae
the counterattack," the brand-
cast gad.
thing words to the etyle of
Red Chinese leader Mao Toe-
long, the broadcast said that
U.S. and South Korean forces
Tan never suppless the anti.
U.S. antegovernment struggle of
he patriotic South Korean peo-
ple which Is forcefully threading
like a prairie fire."
Memories of June A
In a way. today's incident
brotmht memories of another
nide, when another U.S. ship,
the Liberty, was attacked by
esthete planes mtd torpedo boats
in the'lleeliterranean last June 8
�during the Arab-12:3cl! war�
and 3-i American:: were killed
and over 100 others injured.
The White' House "hot line"
to elomow was used diring
that crisis,
. The Liberty; a communica-
tions ship, was 15 miles north
of an Sinai Peninsula, the Pen-
tagnn said, when the attack
took place.
Israel later offered to 'Make
amends for the "tragic Inci-
dent," is whith the Israelis
claimed no flag was being flown
by the veseel.
The Defense Department
shortly alter the Incident said
that the U.S. could not accept
an "attack upon a elearly
Marked nencOmbatant U.S.
naval ship in international
waters as 'plausible' under any
eirthmstances whatsoever."
South Vietnamese. civilians awaiting evettation
nt nn airstrip outside the town of Kite Snith
-Aisei.ao ere,
seniter in terrier as the Soffit Vietnaineee loft
moiler shells into the nett. .
NORTH KOREANS STEPPED UP
RAIDS IN SOUTH DURING 1967
North Korea vastly increased Its guerrilla activities
against &math Korea last year.
A relent made en Nov, 2. 19557, to the United Nations
by Ambesseder Arthar 3, Goldberg said that for the Rest.
10 months of 19(7 there had been a total 01 143 Incidents�
In =trust to 50 invidoes In Hee.
Goldberg, speaking for the U.N. Cammand, sold that
ir.eidenis were caused by small groups of Mx to nine men
up to about 00.
blast of the infiltration auerupts wore over sod but
there were also several larKlingS from the eve. Goldberg
said.
In general, the North Korean agents set ambushes,
laid miser, performed raids and engaged in other saver-
eive activities. Goldberg said.
These were all in violation of the July 27, 1953, mili-
tary arraLetice agreement Goldberg raid.
Goldbma complained that the Military Arinietice Corn-
ntlien has r.ot functioned properly because "the North
KO.= eentor member thosistuntly disavows any respon-
sibility ler the violations of the ermistieelegmement. even
uhen caefrontea with ineontestable meleran to the coo'
vary."
REACTION
Congress Indignant
At Seizure of Ship
CornInued Prom Page .0.1
to this country's itivolvement in
the l'ictrtarn tear.
`Incidents of this kind, un-
fortunately, are ta be expected
in areas where mch uncertain
coaditions Mansaeld
said.
Ma question immediately
arose at the Capitol on the loth,-
range effect of the North Korean
action in view Cif the commit-
Meats la Scuth Vietnam.
On this point Ressell eat&
"While too are rather nidely
spread all once the world. loot
sure that we.will be able to fel-
�Jill cur commitments in Viet.
nam and maintain oar prettiest
in Korea."
Russell thstructed the staff of
the /tented Services Committee
to obtain all facts on the Pueblo
quieltly an passible.
"We Got Carsitt"
In his first comment in
responie to questions, Ful-
, bright said:
�WA got caught- rais, as You
know, we, an intelligence-,
gathering skip,"'
lie recalled that a similar in-:
telligenee step wee nttaceed
last summer and nearly sunk
off the Israeli coast. Asked if
; this emeriti). was .theitiug dan-
gers of this kind, Full:eight said
the operetion of such ship3 re-
e sults is "exposure to incidente
of this kind."
VIETNAM
More GIs Are Rushed-
To Embattled Sector
Confirmed Fenn, lingo .5�1
from the Kite yards base that
U.S. Marine commamiers feared
the sMall allied form in the tenth
of l(he Sanh could net hold out
nfeeituf another North hick'
remote attack. Thatupparently
notto ntho the reason for the with-
dermal from [thong has,
The U.S. thenmend said II heel
received ue thport of any rig-
nificant nctioa nt Saab to-
day, but the Marine observation
post en In fat, one of three
etretegic. peak: overlooking the
nerthWeSt approaches to Simth
Vietnam, had tome under light
sporadic ehelliug.
Meanwhile, IMISSINIS U.S. air
power kept up the premiere On
North Vietnamese buildup areas
threatening the vollry, mere
than 2.0) American bombers, th-
reading B53 strategic bombers,
dropped an mtimated LOD) tons
of exploeives on suspected Com
menist gun positions, trot) eon-
centeatione end iefiltration
tutees in the last 24 boom.
Sane of the targets were pule
a mite frost the Lnotian bottler,
a staging area for Um North
Vietnamese 32.5i; Division wheee
mete have been shelling sodas.
tacking allied exWtiten in the
'Cho air strikes cost nether
American pinne, the ethond in
two deve in support of Ian Saab
not the Teeth deviled in combat
In South Vietnam, A Marine 8i4
Phantom dIvehumbing Comely-
Heath Republican Leader
Gerald IL Ford sold, "the
United State, government should
demand that North Kerte re-
the l'etebto ferthwith. If
thn sneeze was cruising Ia Ude,
aational waters, 51 WSS SPP.ar�
ently the case, there is no jos-
tifivatioti whatever for the action
taken by the North Koreans."
'Flexing elaseles'
Sen. Stuart it:onion..., D..hta.,
said thme tens "no reason" the
ship thould have been attacked
in international waters.
lie .commented oat for a long
time the degree of commitment
by the United States in Vietnam
mild only resuli In other roue- .
triees' "blueing their muecles."
Ifs said the North Koreans have
veleta to ekerr pressure through
"planned, calculated efforts."
Rep. William finery Dates. 11.
31 ass., top-ranking Republican
Ott the floes� Armed Services
ciammittee, sold the sethere
aeetne to bath been a dastard-
ly act of phaeaer Ile called en
President Johnson In any even:
to "take uhatever action is nee.
easmy to eee that the ship is re-
turned. to us.". '
Lst positions wan brought dewu
ereenlay hy gruund fire, hut
UV MO crewmen par/malt:ea
reel were quickly reseued.with
only nenor injuries.
-The North Vietriameee hare
aLeo killed 20 hlarines arid
weenie-id Olin attacks since Sat.
inlay emend kale Sash, de-
troythl three helicopters and
Imaged seeeral others.lbe the
I.S. Cernmarel enye at least lid
of the enemy hove been killed,
elennithile, at the eastern end
of the demilitarized mere near
the allied archer at Gin Lthh,
emelt elettueneet task force
sWeeping alont the coast report-
ed killing In berth "Vietnamese
mop., and capturing four ens-
oilers In n one-hour fight. Gov.
ernment eesualties were report-
ed light.
Transfer Of a brigade of the
lot Air Covalry leivieion to the
flue-Phu Rai areo beasts allied
strength to abate 50,005) teen
us perceot of the American; s-
in Sank Vietnam's two north-
ernencet premieres, re...a TM
end Thus 'Men.
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eo g
I ATE higence �e
By FRED S. HOFFMAN
Associated Peals Military Writer
Capture of the Pueblo by the North
� Koreans � and the Pentagon's ack-
� nowledgement the ship was a Navy
' intelligence vessel � lifts the official
' lid on worldwide electronic spying by
, the major powers.
, It marks a drastic change from the
' Pentagon's insistence that the Liberty,
a spy ship shot up by the Israelis off
Egypt last June, was a "technical re-
search ship."
"Intelligence collection by naval
vessels is a routine activity among
major powers," a defense off irial said
� Tuesday, indicating a more relaxed
attitude toward suggestions the United
States engages in this kind of activity.
� "It is common lmowledge that for a
� number. of years intelligence collecting
ships have followed U.S. fleet activi-
ties in various parts of the world," he
added. The official obviously was al-
luding to the Soviet Union's terrier-
like electronic eavesdropping vessels
, which show up wherever U.S. fleets
. are manuevering and near important
Polaris submarine and other bases.
: Such ships, in the guise of fishing
, trawlers, are "in fact positioned in
international waters off the shores of
the 'United States and ether nations
right now," this official said.
The U.S. intelligence vessels �
which listen in on the radio traffic of
other countries, spot radar site� and
gather information to permit jamming,
� them � and the Soviet Union's deep
sea intelligence ships are parts of an
extensive electronic intelligence sys-
tem which has grown up in the Cold
War years.
There are spy-in-the-sky satellites,
both Soviet and American, whirling
about the earth with almost unbelieva-
bly accurate cameras and "ferret"
listening devices for eavesdropping on
radio communications.
There are unmanned drones with
sensitive information-gathering equip-
ment. There are destroyers carrying
"black boxes" which slip close to hos-
tile shores to intercept radio talk, re-
cord coded messages and pick up other
information. One of the two US, de-
stroyers involved in the historic Ton-
kin Gulf attack by North Vietnamese
patrol boats in August 1964 reportedly
had been on such a mission.
The United States and Soviet Union,
say nothing about what they know of
the other side's electronic snooping
from space.
But the U.S. Navy complains out
lsnmszeirzzom REM,
ion Now Routine
loud about the operations of the Soviet
"trawlers," some of which get into the
flow of fleet traffic and sometimes
interfere with carrier and other opera-
tions.
Members of Congress also have ex-
pressed alarm about increasingly ac-
tive Soviet naval snooping.
Soviet trawlers have been reported
standing off Polaris submarine bases
at Holy Loch, Scotland, at Rota, Spain,
Guam, and Charleston, S.C.
The Red trawlers monitored U.S.
A photo of the Pueblo taken when it was on Army supply ship.
Its number was changed when it became a Navy ship last July.
nuclear weapons tests in the Pacific in
1960.
U.S. vessels have taken positions in
the Pacific to observe the re-entry and
splashdown of Soviet intercontinental
ballistic missiles fired into the mid-
Pacific.
A Soviet Intelligence-gathering
trawler, the Anemometer, collided
with a U.S. intelligence ship, the Ban-
ner, in the Sea of Japan in June 1966.
The 935-ton Pueblo is one of three of
her class, all converted light cargo
vessels.
She has about eight whip antennae
and two heavy masts hung with spe-
cial electronic gear.
The Pueblo engages in hydrographic
surveys as well as electronic intelli-
gence, dropping devices into the water
to measure its temperature at various
levels, its salinity and its density. All
these factors are important in antisub-
marine warfare work because they
affect the penetration of sonar beams. -
All told, there are about a dozen
clearly identifiable intelligence-type
ships in the U.S. Navy, along with
about 15 oceanographic survey ships
which may well serve an intelligence
function also.
Then there are the destroyers and
other surface craft which can be
equipped with electronics sensors as
needed.
The Liberty, at 11,000 tons, was a
bigger and more sophisticated intelli-
gence vessel.
Among other things, the Liberty was
equipped with a "big ear" dish-type
detector that could monitor communi-
cations more than 100 miles distant.
There are five vessels in the Liberty
class with crews of nearly 300 men
each.
There were reports the Liberty was
operated by the Navy for the super-
secret National Security Agency,
whose mission is to crack the codes of
foreign countries and to pick up and
analyse foreign radio communications.
for us."
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Index is on
Page 2
Classified
advertising
starts on
Page 49
CITY EDITION
4r1,, WASI:1.1 N GTO N e15 I 1:174-41 1
THURSDAY, JANUARY 25, 1968
1013 13th St., 8W. (atoos Dr. 7-7777
47th Yea, -Na. 55
Secvnd Class Posing., St I.:ato:I, D. C. �
Ptibliched Daily 1-Ireqt Sanday
Enterprise' Le
high
3.1.1.4,. tow !fear O.
'rumarro.... molly
v,,irttwr.
Today al:
S ft.
ds Missile Ships
FORCE
Viets Send Annored
Vehkles to Khe Soh
� A pleasant stmy about is Gov-
minivan chauffeur who came up
with a helpful idea and won an
award for it is John Cramer's
special today. Page 2,
� There was a way-out meeting of
nhippic,"and "s tralgh t." cut-
lures, w,ay out in Georgetown
last night to ponder allegations
of police harassment of the
Mow Children. Page 5.
� Our Latin American affairs re-
porter, Virgihin Prewett, has a
horrifying report of Sitirti dear-
mice in Haiti, where '1�Sfetime
President- Du valier dispos-
sessed a whole waterfront settle-
ment with ,bulldozers, gasoline
And rifles � without adVance no-
tice. Page 7.
o The "Imrd line" on the Vietnam
war which was e.spressed in the
Republicans televised reply to
President Johnson's "State of
the Union" has stirreti up some
dissent. Page. 7,
� Food Editor Marion Rums hall'
detailed information about what
goes on in the kitchen of Govern-
ment Houset in Annapolis �
what Gov. Agnew likes to eat.
etc. Page a
� Speculation in the stock market
is "at. fever pitch," says corre-
spondent :Robert -*Dietkli, and
the SEC Is keeping' an eagle eye
on the operations. Page 38.
Cmdr. Arnheiter, at Ease
Lt. Comdr. itlarcus Aurelius Arttheite r is the center figure In a ease 7oOh
has been referred to as the first mutiny in U.S. Navy history. lie was re-
moved from command as a resell of coMplaints by his subordinate officers.
and he's been fighting the Establishment ever since. Here, he's shown in his
San Rafael, Calif., home with two of his five children, 2-year-old twins Kim-
berly (lelt) and Kathy.
Jim Lucas' Report Begins on Page 3
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rk,re
Warships Led by Giant 'Carrier
Ts
8E0116. inn. � A 1,4)rful Anterieco
lash force led by the nuclear nOwered giant air-
craft carrier Enterprise untied roily onto station t.
Se miles I the Itirthitcretin eoest. mllilarr.
ropOrts saki,
The En ' terprise the nuclear pored frigate f,
*failetoe, the.frignte 'falsity nod twto or three eih.
er destroyers woe reported to have moved into
the waters riff the-Korean eces1 roast to D Stone Of,
fenev folleMing the North Koomn seizure of the
ISS nt.&:,kt ��nfl its
The 11.71t)-(on Enterprise, worlds largest-war-
ship carrying tip to itto jet rightel.boultli...rs, hu
Tnixion oral the liaise:: ore all armed with guid-
ed missiles...mainly for anti-aircraft use. But the
Terrier missiles :As.) ealt hit shore targets. '
�
They slcamedleto the vadem across the heel(
'rem fromthe North Korean port of WOnc from
Sasebo, Jannn. 111:: k�arcior bad MR the port
honnti for rielnum waters, Flu, Ttlesday hijack-
ing or the Pueblo *patently changed Its course
On atom two .tmerican divisions nod half a
million &with Korean trolls were reporteal. en
higlier than usual alert along the North-Saudi Kw
rem truce lute, US, troops were reported to have
killed two owtmunist Infiltraters in at least 041)
litiet tights Wiley.
.
In other deimionments: �
� A North 'Korean radio broadcast said finch%
Lloyd tttlark Becher, captain of the hijacked
Pueblo, admitted his vessel was -carrying out eu-
t'srWO work inside North Korean Waters for the
CIA.
� It apnea:cif Cnnin. Bother and his reeve may
have been able to dottrey some of the tothsonet
electronic and communications gear aboard
Pueblo before the North Korearta managed In
board the intelligence close]. Fur the first time
yesterday. Defense officials reveated that emir.
Bucher hari messaged. presumably while his still)
was being bearded, that he mess destroying the,
equipment.
In ziOnd. South Foreign AtinistO Clad
Kytt�iimisvarned Norlitltema against more "bar.
hark acts." tO top Korean army general told
newsmen his troops strongly favor action agem51
North Korea,
ito Song/ Korean army was pi en a -tit:de at
readiness." moo: South 1-ftnean pah'ul boats were
reported nut out to son along tine natien's east
and wrs1 ceaits. Reinforcements were reported
sent In the border, �
In TakYik Jaimmese ofticiats quoted 11. Alexis
JOhlt.0)1, 1)10 American andiassesior; ss saying
the Einernnse was sailing on secs south or the
nMh Parallel" which forms ihe North-South Es-
tee border.
II marked the first official word 611 the
cotterea-
bouts of therm:1;1er Since d left inane.
ACASS,INS,
Kyu.lian 01 (0.1r..:1111,11 Pouch Korea wilt
net�Ifteit'4illy on Surth Korea's, barbaric acht uP
fraVe5.S.,101/
the Pueblo seIntre 'ewttiZga- y's yam- atter/Ink
It North Korean tmtftllrat ors -.0Iiisia&sTnate
dent Park Chung Kee.
--001. Oleo
'When Vincenzo Strano. of- llartfard. Cohn.,
learned his younger son, Seaman Angelo
Serene, 81 fright, WDS 011 the captured Pueblo.
It.'. petitioned the Army to return his other san.
mantes, la. left, Irmo Vietnam, lie learned,
otter his petition. that James had beim killed
in Vietnam, where he'd been Serving since
(mother. - � .��� �
South Korean inones ltisitet.gate opn
iFeent.durfult a seareh for North Kercitet
trato6. !IOW troops hoer killed eight '0,e,
11?c,lVt4thittgitti Ntne,s, Thut-stgly�.lanuary IT, tiled
9 TO 4:30,
uffeur
v os
P e
It,- jolts: citAsittli
ni uot very big these dap
aa mulcting Federal employe
ecutunity sug4eStletts � bui this
nue intrigues ale.
.Inates Crudup is it Transport.
tatitin Department chatifrettr.
Airplones iltot tot in his line of
duty � the lit his off hotel, he's
ntt ftirpltunt buff.
Anyway, when nttigned ie.
rattily to tlr1e his boss to Nat
finnal Airport, be noticed something and made
n suggestion. lit' noticed Motel damns on the
ceoliary power units used to start reiroact at
������t National anti other airport:, thromut the cownry.
I lie suggested that plastic dumps %tank! be ..eafer
... lest apt to cut 111Oct/hies and produce short
I eircuffs.
Se li".1A hits odepi.tal his suggestion .. wren
lute a cash tr.tarti � nod rei,rreil his idea to
Ann), Navy, Ale Force end other major aircraft
users. If they, too. Wept it. he'll bit it> line for
additional .
Troshmen's Gripe
�gat klp traih eutterters that They hate, a
regulaioui
lotilientor-st ,rho.' oeksitue as to CaSSInate
Pre...Went Palk Chong tiee, bringing to la the
nunther of assmslux
Ph$.0
Congressmen Urged Not. te. Lose Their 'Cool'
HUD Caufiion!ed
10
Pueblio
It,- PAN a tioatAreioN Mr. Goulding said this Inform:am was ob.
:/cererfra ore men wmti ,
'flits Jmhflmuntt ,vriotoi,tiort.a r(Aoy. ui 045
on Congress-the #..anto adore C1'11! an of --tate
Ozstes push gave 'North Kara Waking the rat'
turWiraistr4USC" f't)ebte� "noel li.." ,
This note.of catitian � debt/errst to et/ego/saw/ft-
torehm policy let-tiers at White 111.1t*e and 1,-j1.
hot fill briefings �Isolated a( dampening angry
public reaetion against North Korea. The Admin.
fserlation tears public clamor could help back it
into it situniksi where it inilitary oil:Natation is
Inevitable,
And the Administration, at this does niu
repot the Puebla Incident as I challenge to war.
White it is nor. minimizing the gra( ity of the
situation, it is determined to Nestle it number of
diplomatic alternatives before taking-majer fai-
t:try' and
cpgrisuE
'Determination to continue diplomatic efforts
comes despite Russia's refusal to co-operate in
helping win the- release of the intelligence ship
and Its ninon crew and despite an initial rebuff
freen North Korean representativea of the Mill-
(my t)rmisticeCenimission at Panmunjom.
A State Deptirtment spokemme saki "we hope"
tilts is not 'tussle's or North Koten's Cacti
ankwer. Ile Sail! the 1111S,i01$3' (allure to
...
eta-
operate out/ally does not oaf RS. attempts 10 use
Moscow as "an appropriate channel" to North
Koma,
Sir. Rusk is-id a chvezkleor meeting of the
House Foreign ;Wang Committee, however, that
the U.S. will not let Me situation drag on ISI/ler!.
ninety Mai that the North Koreans are aware ef
this.
.Aud Mr. Refs. Committee sources said. ended
Snee'ulation as to whether, in fact. the Pueblo
might muse heist inSide North Korea's territOrial
waters.
The facts: hit-saint clearly arein the U.S. favor.
Phil G. Assistant Secretary of De-
fense for Public Affairs, barked this up last night
by reporting the co-ordinat& radioed by the
Pueblo are exactly lie same as these fixed by
North Korea when it, began tracking the shin on
radar before ante-elle:Wing it. . �
tamed thru "intelligence sources" moutoring
th.tt'llt*Kerean internal ceenutunicatiOns. The Its
placed ihe Puttbkt ZS miles from the North Ko-
rean' mainland sari if; mites from the offshore
IskInds, Non-tb Korea clahnS a .1.24nlie territorial
limIL
A -Tititep,..irret
d " "
44%0 confession by the Pueblo's stinger. ,
(*tot Nt. Bucher, that ho was spying for the ,
'The style and Wording of the donutiont Pro-
xide unmittnikable evidence in themselves that
etti, cot's 001 serhten or prepared by on Ameri-
can," tie. Couhting said.
This Pre:dill:tit, in addition to sending top 001-
einis to Congress, discussed the .ship's capture
trith hiS closest adviser-a. The atniasphere of the
nwerings tens reported to be calm MU coneerned.
There :seemed to be Seine .indicatitan North No,
ma might Iv preparing to release the Pueblo's
crew While keepin,,,. the ship. This Was Seen to
roo,..ok, by North Korean 'Unto/wade representm
tiees vim said the Pueblo "will remain In our
bands" but said nettling about the Crew.
nigh Administration Sources shill Ihere Li
"plenty of room maneuvet" before
tary action against North Korea may be rem/iced,
. _
� t
�
11. SITS: .
ft In the event of a truck breakdown. the. Ns....
sinned crew nitro continue work until its enfant
mote.haa Nen ealleefsel.'
� When breakdown time is less than r,0
ug,, there'll he iso i'l,:erthtto pity. lily late, agcto
cies have discretion to deny premium pity for
tom-time lesa don en boort,
. That, in no case, will "etunpodelry overtime"
Neuied two heves,
te That refusal to work overtime will be rause
for disminhnary aCtiOn.
I think that can be INNtd thot einglnytst.
can rceptind, antler thrust of aiSe10031Y Pon'
atty. to nark three or four or five bourn one,.
time � with premium pay only two hems. ir
the Stu/kat/on Orpartment 114" something else lu
caluti let it Say it,
tandinued en Page
Mr. tioulding aim rejected sa a ra est> _
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wp,o. AmArforogie ,Ft-ory,716 STI: .419"re :1'
'HEY, voillroo YOU. THINK-s-yoult-E2Dolfrar
Getting the Pueblo Back
THE ship and its 83-man crew � some
of them wounded � must be released
without further delay. . .
It was Monday noon Korean time that
the USS Pueblo Was captured by a gang-
up of North Korean patrol boats and
forced into Wonsan harbor. All right,
,the communists have� had their � fun,
tweaked Uncle Sam's nose, made their
propaganda coup. Now it's high time
they gave the ship back.
There's a hint the North Koreans
know they have to do so. It lies in the
crude, hastily drafted "confession" at-
tributed to Cmdr. Bucher, the Pueblo's
skipper. " . .. Our parents and wives
and children at home are anxiously
waiting for us to return home. in safe
(sic).-.. We only hope that. we will
be forgiven leniently . ..."
North Korea's smug rejection of the
U.S. demand to return the ship, made at
a Panmunjom armistice 'meeting yes-
terday indicates, however, the Pyon-
gyang pirates want to gamble a bit and
string us 'along. There's no comfort, ei-
ther, in word thatthe Russians rebuffed
Washington's appeal to intervene. We
still hope the Russians, recalling the
Crises over Berlin and Cuba, would pass
on the word that when the Americans
get riled, it doesn't pay to fool around
too long. . .
But what should the Johnson Adminis-
tration do? It should make an all-out ef-
fort thru all available channels to get ,
the Pueblo back by diplomatic means �
before resort to force.
B e s Id e s seeking intervention of
friendly governments; neutrals and
communists with whom we are on f
speaking terms, the U.S. should request
an urgent meeting of the United Nations
Security Council. We should present a
two-part plan: (1) North Korea must re-
lease the Pueblo immediately, and (2)
the U.S. will participate in an impartial
investigation of the whole episode, and
let the facts come out as they will.
The most important objective is to de-
fuse this explosive crisis by freeing the
ship and its crew � and gather all the
facts later, after the crisis has cooled.
This means the Security Council must.
not just meet and palaver as it did in
last year's Middle East crisis, but must
quickly get results � the return of the
Pueblo. -
Perhaps the UN would prove incapa-
ble of getting action within a reasonable
time. But at least we owe it to the world
community and to our own principles as�
Americans' to try the peaceable ap-
proach first.
But let the North Koreans mark it
well: grabbing Off the tiny USS Pueblo
may have been easy, but the carrier
task force, including the mighty USS
Enterprise, has not moved into the Sea
of Japan without purpose.
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l'AMN�W`VVVM .�V� `ZO `M14� \*VAV MMM
Home Towns Withheld
Defense I:4f. Lists Crew. of. Pueblo
The Defense Department yesterday named all
but two of the 83 men aboard the hijacked intelli-
gence ship USS Pueblo, but withheld their home
towns.
The department said the men aboird the ship
were being given the same consideration as those
captured or missing in Vietnam. Hometowns and
Stewart Crogello P. Abeion, Stewart
Rizalino L. Aluogue, Communications
TeC h n I c Ian Wayne D. Anderson,
Fireman Richard E. Arnold,
COmmuniCations Technician Charles W.
Aling, Communications Technician Don
Earl Bailey, hospital corpsman Herman
T. Boldridge, Enoineman Richard I.
Borne. seaman Peter M. Bonder�,
Communications Technicial MiCha el
Thomas Barrett, Boatswain Mote
Ronald L.Berens, fireman Howard E.
Bland, and eng in em an Rushel .1.
Blansett.
Communications Technician Ralph D.
Bouden, Communiccrtiorts Technician
Paul David Brushrtahon, C,rndr. Lloyd
M. Bucher, Boatswain Mate Willey
C.Busseil, Yeoman Armando M.
Canales, Marine Sgt. Robert J. -Chico3,
Radioman Charles Henry Crandell Jr.,
Communications Technician Bradley R.
ro w e, Communications Technician
Rodney H. Duke, Seaman Stephen P.
Ellis, Communications Electrician,
Victor 0.� Esoomilia, Storekeeper
PoPicaipo P. Garcia, Communications
Technician Francis John Ginther,
Enginemon Monroe 0. Goldman.
Communications technician John W.
Grant, Electricians Mate Gerald
William Hogenson; Marine Sgt. Roger
J. Hammond, Lt. Stephen R. Harris,
Ensign T I rn oth y Lynn Harris,
Radioman. Lee Roy Hayes, Fireman
John Charles Higgins Jr., Seaman
Robert. W. Hill -Jr., Fireman Duane D. -
Hodges, Communications Technic:gal
-.Sidney J. Karnes, CornmunlaatIona
Z
other details, were withheld .because they might
be of use to their captors.
� One man was withheld because his nearest rel-
atives could not be located, and another Was not
reported because his next-of-kin requested the
omission. The others were:
Technician James � F. Kell,
Communications Technician Earl M.
Kisler, Boatswain Mate Morbert J.
Kleppe, W/0 Gene H.. Lacy,
Communications Technician Anthony A.
Lamantla, Communications Technician
Peter M. Lagenberg, Quartermaster
Charles B. Law Jr., Communications
Techn I clan James D. Layton,
Signalman Wendell G. Leach.
Commissoryman Harry Lewis.
Communications Technician� Ralph
McCtintock, P h o tog raphers Mate
Lawrence W. Mack, Seaman Roy J.
Maggard, Seamans Apprentice Larry J.
Marshall Fireman William Thomas
Massie, Fireman Jahn Arthur Mitchell,
Lt. Edward R. Murphey, Electricians�
Mate Clifford C. Nolte, Fireman
Miohael A. O'gannon,
Communications Technician Donald
R. Peppard, Seamans Apprentice Earl
R. Phores, Quartermaster Alvin- H,
Plucker, Commissaryman Ralph -E.
Reed, Seaman Dole E. Rigby,
Communications Technician David Lee
Ritter, Communications Technician
Steven J. Robin, Seaman Recruit
Richard J. Raga! a, Seaman Recruit
Ramon Rosales, Seaman Edward S.
Russell, Eng i nem a n William D.
Scarborough, Lt. (JG) Frederick C.
Schumacher, .Communications
Teehnician James A. Shepard,
Communications technician John Allen
Shilling, Seamans Apprentice John
Robert Singleton, Fireman Norman .W.
Spear, Communications Tech/11010n
Charles FL Ste/11%w � � - � �, �
Communications Technician Angelo S.
Strano, Fireman La wrence E.
Strickland, Gunners Mate Kenneth R.
Wadi ey, Fireman Steven E. Woelk,
Communications Technician Elton A.
Wood, Enginernon Darrel D. Wright
and civilians Harry R. Iredale on
Dunnle Richard Tuck Jr.
The civilians are oceanographers.
(UP)
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BY Wang Me!ionise�The Washington Post
U.N. Ambassador. / G,oictberg w.h Pensident Johnson.
g;44....,k pei...7,-..2. eg
Pueblo s Orders
Restricted Gunfire
The standing instructions for the USS Pueblo were
to avoid an international incident by moving out of the
area if .harassed rather than use her guns, it was learned
yesterday.
The ship's three .50-caliber machine guns were to be
kept under canvas unless the surOival of the ship de-
!pended on them.
These rules for ferret, or
spy, ships like the Pueblo may
explain why her skipper,
Cmdr. Lloyd N. Bucher, wait-
ed until it was too late to resist
the North Korean boarding
Monday night.
Reliable sources said last
night that North Koreans
boarded the Pueblo without
one shot being fired by the
,:mericans. The injuries to
four Pueblo crewmen, it was
;earned authoritatively, came
� irom the explosions 13ue1ter set
cff to destroy the ship's secret
spy equipment.
Racked by Superiors
The very topside of the Navy
ic standing behind Bucher on
the basis of facts on hand so
far. Top officers regard Hu-
cher's decisions as consistent
.ith his instructions to avoid
trouble.
Mrs.. Rose Bucher, wife of
the Pueblo skipper, said in an
interview last night that Adm.
Thomas H. Moorer, Chief of
Naval Operations, had ex-
pressed the Navy support or
her husband's decisions in, a
t..rienhone call yesterday.
The Pueblo is not a fighting
ship, but a passive one With
!lie job of eavesdropping on
communications all around it.
Her crew are electronic spe-
cialists rather than experi-
enced gunners used to rushing
I,. . battle stations.
Navy officers reason that .
Bucher sate the four North
Korean patrol boats as another
in a long series of harassing
See BUCHER, All, Col. 6
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�
� leo 4S'
THE WASHINGTON POST Friday: Jarti,f6, 1968
A 1.1.
BUCHER-Froni Page Al
Pueblo's Orders Restricted Gunfire
actions. Even after the North
Koreans forced their way
aboard at gunpoint, Bucher
could have reasoned this was
a temporary tweaking of the
United States, rather than a
plan to capture the ship. .
There are no sea .cocks on
the Pueblo that could have
been opened to let enough
water into the hull to sink the
ship. And sources said such
ships do not ordinarily carry
explosives other than the small
ones needed to destroy spy
equipment and codes.
This would seem to rule out
any chance of Bucher scut-
tling his ship. And if he did so,
the lives of his 82 crewmen
could have been lost�either:
through freezing in the cold
water where the Pueblo lay or
from the North Koreans open-
ing fire on them.
Bucher's only chance, then,
seemed to be help from other
U.S. ships or planes. This did
not arrive from the time Bu-
cher sent out his call about
midnight Monday (EST) until
the undisclosed time�at least
two hours later � when the
Pueblo was taken into the
North Korean port of Wonsan.
It was also learned yoster�.
day that the .Pueblo lay dead
in the water with water col-
lection bottles strung over the
side when first accosted by the
North Koreans. The water
samples were part of the
Pueblo's oceanagraphic re-
search.
Richard Halloran, Washing-
ton Post correspondent in
Seoul, said sources there
claimed the Pueblo's crew was
taken off the ship shortly after
capture. The Pueblo's officers,
he said, then were flown to
Pyongyang but the enlisted
men .presumably were kept in
Wonsan
The Pueblo's capture had all
the earmarks of a long-planned
operation, Halloran wrote.
The North Korean Defense
:Minister reportedly flew to
Wonsan to inspect � the ferret
ship.
The fate of Bucher was still
not known here last night.
North Korea's radio sent out a
broadcast of Bucher's alleged
confession.
The voice, alleged to be Bu-
cher's, said "I and my crew
have perpetrated such a grave
criminal act, but our parents
and wives and children at
home are anxiously waiting for
us to return in safety.
"Therefore," the broadcast
continued, "we only hope, and
it is the greatest desire of my-
self and all my crew, that we
will be forgiven leniently by
the government of the Demo-
cratic Peoples Republic of
Korea."
In San Diego, Bucher's wife
said after hearing a recording
of the broadcast: "That is not
my husband's voice. It does not
sound in any remote way like
my husband. The inflections
and sound were not his."
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Index is on
Page 3
Classified
advertising
starts on
7 CENTS
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A-S,HINGTON
1
WEDNESDAY. JANUARY 24
toD Oth
4711,
Sreniil Cinv PliVeyn ni �Li, p, c,
Ihniy F-s-e-PE$agdati
ikiag at is 'Glenn L.
Hut curd. Thc suit uses
erwear_ is being developed
, 31inri.; Joe the. Navy's A
as u
y the
�space
Weather
!Jou sww.-orie
in'
1110 SnSO:. :innw
noillin4 WOOL
Is 21.1,
l'oclitr al
II o. ni. .
IS NU1710
GREATER
Washington
Edition
Red Patrols' Seizure
Pueblo Is Linked
in Vietnam
Stories on Pages 2 and 3)
� ' (jiitrict's pOSti1 mIst has
backed down a little:from his ON
.blacklisting six yashiligton
docters in his. crackdown on sieh
leave, abuses, John Cramer re-
ports. rage 2. "
� Searchers' (oiirrdliht ra (bane-
tivitv at the place where' a B-52
'eh-tilled with a load of ii-bomhs,
in�Greciitrind, but rio sign oi the
plane or the bonilik: Page 7, -
0 A report from Cape Kennedy
says Some of our 46 Scientist. as-
tronaut; are Unhappy with Use
, spec' program and' may quit,:
Page. 7,
� The' Viet COng have relca,sed two
captured Aineritan soldiers in
,aorthern 8oulh Vieth.s in, The
comtnuniSts base launched an
artillery barrage against the
liostion Of Kite Snail, near the
lJMZ Four fled, (1105iotts.. are
r-,' geS' drive
Stotia'onTlige
� Rep. With i r Mills. seg-
ileightited "attorney for die tax-
� payers," notified the Adminis-
trillion it ;mist cut spending if It
wants h 1 g h a r" income taxes.
Page 12.
*Oar Eashion. Editor: Nina ilyde,
has lieu own Ilst of Best Dressed'
Women and its somewhat differ-
ent from the usual. because It's .
pretty \Vashington-Orieined.
Page 31.
�
0 Maryitind's Rep. Gilbert Gude
also a nurseryman (plants and
things) and this sort of leads to-
Clare Crawford's story Of how
Iris office came to be' infested
wilts praying rnantises,,Page 34,
The. Redskins' Otto Graham ad-
mits "I'm talking trades," but -
other_ than that he has no cont-
inent about all the witectlialt-
.,deahng iii advance of next Tuck-
days Olayta draft. Tome Yorke
rfs--on, PagO!'1.0, �
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'a
Pt go. 2
U. S. Mounts � Show of Strength
e s o
f,A,Nef1JN.10.V. Kneel, Jan. 24 WPII � In a truce
line confrontation, the United ,States today de-
man:het Neirth Korea return the hietiked tSS
retehle sod it gi men toil the eommulist teginte
said it Will keep the Intelligence ship.
"The step will remain in Tu. hands," Mill Den.
Pak Chung Kul: of :earth Korea told U.S. Beer
Adrairal John V, Sinith at a thee-te.thee meeting
of the }Oman Anitk,e Truce Getnini&nn�
Pak also said several Americans were
end wteintled" in yesterday's ship capture.
Admiral Smith seinthed Nerth Koren of launch.
tug a -eartthnign of prevecation, sabotage and
aseessinallem" lie said, "if the, North Korean
regime persists in tide campaign, which can only
end;mger the peace of tide area, the reeponcibili-
ty ier the. ceresequeluxis will rest Olt the North
Koren negene.."
fillOW OP eeTtt ileleert
The U.S. was. mounting 3 naval thew Of
;:trength in the nadirs off North Korea to back Up
Its demand for the eceunt
The nuclear powertel aircraft carrier lISS
terprist, world's largese warship, was reported to
have beee dixerted from Vietnam station to trail
anAmeeican task farce into the Sea tif Japan,
Cele Pak end Admiral Smith tort at this trace
village on the Kaman dividing
Gen. Pale charged the Ptieble was captured hi
North Korean waters at Mt.17 degrees north lati-
tude and M.43 degrees east lenidiede. A,Nerding
to 11M U.S. Nivq, the ship was hilaeked in the
Japan Sea and forced into the North Korean pert
of Wertean.
Iteeitarlete-CK CITED
l'YeteLviulil WO. the Wade:lean& voice of. tit
North Korean capital, said the si temerican crew-
men put up "arrogant resistance" before the ves-
sel eves hoarded and thizeth The broachest said
teernal Arne:deems were killed or wounded snit
more than SO "captured alive,"
The North Koreatte acensesd the vessel of 'en
toter:able pro:Teat:ens" and said the Pueblo "Bice
gelly infiltrated RUM) North liereen waters) an on
elipienrieee mission" They saki the ship fired tin
the panel heaLs nail When (he beatS eeturried the.
fire they 'killed end wounded" several Mucci-
Can1.
The Navy raid four American crewmen were
injured, one eritieully, When the communid be.*
seized the Pueblo as tire mig Jet fightees &clod
overhetid. The hijacking was said by the Penta.
gun in hare occurred on the high seas in interns-
timed waters, about 15 RARER'S miles from the
North Korean coast.
The Navy insisted lad night that St no point in
the encounter del the Puebla fire her ltin .50.
caliber inaehine guns.
There war no indication from Pueblo's last re
Linked +0 Vie+ Pressure
Shipnaping
By IL II. IIIIECE
aoln*Ho,,oua Suit '1411IV-T �
AdlnilliStratiGn s.eurees voiced fears letlay dial
North Korea's seizure of the USS. Puebla and
recent "drastic inexceases" in coninumist nuneks
on South Korea may be linked tc. the Vietnam
War.
They speruleted that the growing boldness of
North Korean Ctimmunist5 is aimed di;
fra Keeping 11.5. antl South Korean forces en
occupied there that no more troops can be pulled
out to fight in Vietnam, thus indirectly helping
communist. Viet Cong and North Vieinarnese
forces, tPlity thousand South Korean troops 'al-
ready are fighting in Vietnam.)
1.0 Warning the U.S. that continued bombing of
North Vietnam could bring intensified guerilla
fighting in KOrtO and pe.rhaps even. another Viol-.
ilemelype war there.
INCIDENTS INCH EASE
The sources pointed to a report of the United
Nattern cemmand In Koren to the' Inked Nations
Security Council which showed that "significant
incidents" Of North Korean infiltration into South
Kerea, by both land and sea, had increased (rem
only 50 in leell to 543 last year.
There Were orily 30 fire-fights between opposing
ftnee5 in Korea In tees bid there were 212 hot
exchameeee-io5 fireein lOiS, the report. said. It add-
t Kee
remituneder thed Si. tmeher, of the melee, with
left: Alm, litieher and
IN, The pinto nan made. IAA( year when the
tlio tut:6,4VA how her crtAnten were mjorcti.
The eeseWi made 01) Mtlitieh of any gunfire.
This did nen preclude. A 112[1446418/111 strthagle
on tha ship wheutho communists bearded her.
There was aise speculethan that the erewmen
may Mee injured elate attempting to ties,
trey the, seer eledronie monitoring and commie
nicatieos gear crammed ithiapi the medifk�d',
auxiliary caret vessel.
The ;envy said Pueblo's skipper. Idahmbern
Cheir, Bleyd Meek Dueller, 33, of San Diego, CM.
appealed for help enly once WhOt his ship
was actually boarded � intlicattr.g tie wu WM.
Ware !he VMni WAS in serious trouble until the
fast minute.
fly that time the Navy said, It was too late to
dispatch ships or planes to litiebeee resew.
-Mlle and Ult tli.la,tttc lectors made it impee.
slide to respond to, the call that was made When
the ehip was helve bearded," a epetedunn said.
Adm, Stnithelementled the North Koreans apt).
lie sail, "the monis of last year, and ospeolal-
ly the 13St In, days. have put a new complaint)
on the iduatio in KRIVII. The North Korean re-
gime has entbarked Au a continuing campaign of
provocation, sabotage and as.inesthatien it, iiele-
tion el the armistice. agreement and iniernetiestal
la;�.:x-
Beleitet Sictier
tie emied the salute of the Puebla 'part of a
pattern of North Korean belligerance And figri.
FiVil actions which dariga-uusly Increased in this
area. If they are persisted in, they will have the
MASI StrithiA congspeeteee It, the main iaA of
the armistice ant is the preservation of peace -ti
Koren,"
"Bit+ tentile acts cannot be perpetuated with
impunity," he wanted. .
The Wathingte cily News, Wednesday, Jnintary 24, MS
9 to 4:30
ue
tea( A graduat
Pi".11'PS S1'41"L 114 r., at wheel the
Piireet
0 60
MILES
WON s'A
NORTH.'
KOREA
�YAiiGYANG
12130
IU,SS, PUEBLO]
eve�
Lwation ghee by the 11.5. 44 the 3elture.
linseident Johnein and his top military end dip.
Wet:tile AdyiNers were tensely following &weep.
melte in the find bearding nnil dieter of a Se3.
Naval viti�iSel he more than a
reentry. The Preidllild stlit�lideil a tneeling ef
lift National Security Council at the House
tolay.
Outraged enagrdiSinen demanded prompt U.S.
:totem to free the eilqi mai her erew, SAIL
litehard It, Itieesell, (De Ca.), elseitinani of tire
Semite Armexi the seize
art amounted to "an net of war," Ilep, William
IL Batas (elfre). *Mini! liopoblican on. the
flouv Artneil Seas-teas committee, called it -a
dastertllynet of piracy."
The While House called it es eery eerious situ-
anon." and Beereinry of State Dean Bud; said It
was "e matter of the utmost gravity."
Is Called Well
ed that the number of North Koreans killed in
Etkil fighting inetrased front .13 in 19,30 to 224 in
1567, tvitlie the number of US. � and South Ko.etin
irolgis killed jumped.. (corn 35 in INIE le IZZ Ia
1267. -
FOUr South Kaman eiviliARS Ware killed by he
filtrateri in lIKA hut 22 were killed in lIStS, the
report said.
ViOLATtON
The report was transmitted to the Security
Council by U.S. Ambassador Arthilr Goldberg.
who charted that the "recent that:piaci-ease is
the Scope and intensity of the North Korean mill.
fary attacks and other armed activity in Korea
was in violation of the Milliery Armistice Agee.
ment signed July 27, ltre.3."
The report said North Korean "ernical raiders"
ranging from small groups of six or nine men up
to a group of about R) have attacked 9n carefully
planned and reconnoitered operations" and also
have concealed � "numerous tales" and wad
high-esplosik a charges te demolish inatings.
Nearly all the infiltrators were captured, killed
� Or dispersed. the report said.
The abortive attempt Sunday by 31 North Ea.
Teams In assassinate South Korean President
Park Chung-Hee was the !Meet India grewinie
number of raids � capped by the 5-einve of the
Pueblo.
Planned
it is believed the letehlo's Capture ems careful.
ly planned and executed because the U.S. Niles
"Intelligent, gathoing" ship hnd 'beim reneged
eleettnele eaves:arm:Ong off the North Korean
coast Inc two weeks. The State Depart/nail treisi�
ell the ship was operating in internetionai waters.
Military inielligerthe- Sources here Saidthe
plannM nature id the North Korean capture -of
die Pueblo was borne out by the presence of four
lied guriba.ats which encircled the Ship iehile two
etimmunist mig fighter lets circled lo,V overhead;
,It was believed this 'display et superior North-
KOrein firepeow,r made the Pue-130 lA
attempt a shoot-out with the enemy, anho several
crewmen reportedly were WCittlhled by gunfire.
The Pueblo was Ainled Oily with two eBraliber,
machine guns. ,
llut no Washington official would offer an nil.
planuthin of why no American help, was fortheum-
ing from U.S. nevi' Sr nir facilities within range
of the Pueblo. �
Capture id the inter:en-ice ceseel by the mum
timnists was regarded its a uteloretem. Ninee.the
ship was equipped stifle quantities of highly so.
phtdiented electronic gear. There was specula.
lion that the Ship may have been tingled out as A
target beentl3e the Math Korona.; Wieved it had
gatheird valtrible mlleary iefernatioe. !Sze also
_article on Page 4.1.)_
Beau
acks p
a Little
ny JOHN CRAN111.11
D.C. Prieto:ash:1- retell:et Been,
ha; retreated � somewhat �
(rem his Jan. IN order blacklist-
ing six Washington doctors
part Of les atinteitsin eV:tad al-
feted abuse of sick leaye by
postai employes.
INe. original raNter. quoted In
a in e tt 0 onitithri2Jrnt
Beell's Jane-le .staff meeting; he
nueted I 6 tt r superintemicnia
mete accept enthleye sick leave certificates from
soy of the six, of whom tsvri; listed by mune
heti addrese,
Re:VP:4m
:Now. �howevet, Mr. Beall has revised NS to
env that the final deeislon re: ipieselennble stele
lytsee certificates will he left IS the nuelited
the PM. �Knee
The miginal, first reported here Monday, said;
"There are eeme doctors In Bits elly ewhe will
ieene it sick .certirteute irrreerdless .nrel ise are
forced net to recognize them Therethre, all tour
sineirinneetesieeein tie at (NIA,
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The Washington Daily News, Wedreesdyf 3 uary 24, 1968 � ' -' . -7 !"7--
Red Aim Seen Takei er of Peninsula
crtyJ ei%
U.S. on Diplomatic Tip-Toe
The United States, confronted with the most
perilous situation in Korea since the 1953 armi-
atice, was moving quietly but forcefully thru dip-
lomatic channels today to secure the return of the
USS Pueblo and her crew.
Johnson administration officials said North Ko-
rea's seizure of the U. S. Navy intelligence vessel
in International waters appeared to be one more
"provocation" in a mounting series of communist
actions aimed at eventually destroying the
U. S.-backed government of South Korean.Presi-
dent Park Chung Hee.
MANEUVER
They said the North Korean communists probe-
My-hoped that their action at sea, as well as their
stepped up infiltration and terrorism in South Ko-
rea, also would help Hanoi by distracting Ameri-
can attention and resources.
But the primary objective of the Pueblo hijack-
ing, in the view of officials here, was to press
forward the campaign for the ultimate communi-
zation of the entire Korean peninsula.
The Russians, whose -aid the United States has
sought in this affair, had no editorial comment on
It. On the basis .of Soviet aotions during the past
few years it was assumed the Kremlin wanted to
find .a way to defuse the situation and divert the
peril of a renewed Korean war without causing
the North Korean communists to lose too much
face in the process.
RENEWED WAR
No official would go so far as to predict that
the Pueblo incident, along with the attempted
assassination of President Park and other ac-
tions, would lead to a resumption of hostilities in �
Korea. But such a passibility could not be dis-
Counted entirely.
The official North Korean newspaper, Rodong
Shinmoon, said Sunday that Presideet Johnson's
policies in Vietnam had created "a tense situa-
tion in which a war may break-out at any mo-
ment ... in our country."
On Jan. 9, about the time the Pueblo took up its
station off Wonsan harbor, another North Korean
newspaper, Minju Chosen, said the United States
was sending armed vessels along the country's
east coast.
The North Koreans, in their broadcast an-
nouneement of the capture of a "spy ship" linked
Thu affair directly to the mounting tension rising
from a sharp increase in the number of military
incidents, between North and South in recent
months. RD
File photo of the U.S.S. Pueblo.
Distress Signal Leife
Spy Ship's Role Foggy
By MIKE MILLER
ScrIpps-Howard Stott Writer
Mystery today shrouded the role and actions of
the Navy's USS Pueblo, hijacked Monday night
by oommunist North Korea on an intelligence
mission off that country's coast.
After hours of officially Imposed silence, many
of the sporadio Pentagon disclosures carlhe inci-
dent served to heighten the mystery rather than
solve it.
There were these questioner
IVIrat exactly was the Pueblo doing in the
Sea of Japan since it began its mission there Jan.
8?
, Describing the vessel as an "intelligence gath-
ering auxiliary ship," the Pentagon said it was
under control of the Navy rather than any of the
U.S. supersecret intelligence agencies.
i.e' Why did the Pueblo hesitate so long before
calling for help?
The vessel was first confronted by a North
Korean patrol boat at 10 p.m. Monday and bold
by radio to "Heave to or I will open fire on you."
The Pueblo skipper did not request help until she
was boarded an hour and 45 minutes later, after
the one patrol boat had been joined by three
others and two AllGs circling overhead.
The Pentagon deolined comment on whether
any help was dispatehed. It was probably too
late.
V What happened in the 47 minutes from the
� time the ship was boarded until it sent its last
message that its engines were at "all stop" and
that it was "going off the air?" Did a fight en-
sue? �
' It Could have. The Pueblo's crew of 83 Was
equipped with small arms and might have fought
back before being overcome. A Navy spokesman
said the Pueblo was taken forcibly and did not
surrender. Nor did it ask for instructions while it
remained in contact with "higher headquarters."
Altho Pueblo radioed that it didn't fire Its two
50-caliber machine guns and there was no report
of fine from the patrol boats before the bonding,
the Pueblo skipper reported four men wounded,
� one critically.
' 1.0� Where is the ship and What's going to hap-
pen to her?
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' The ws-mtntIon 000 01. 4,55
Broken line stint, entree taken by dm Enterprise.
teem taken by the euebto hem Japan i5
KOlir.Arrotrt rage ill,
North Koreans Claim
U.S. Captain Confessed
written or prepared hp anytveyage which ended in OP-
American." Ile centinued: pure, his alleged confesAon
"The major point whiehlrotainued. the vex:el was din-
this propaganda utterance at,inutsed to look as if it was one
i
tempts
that the gaged to wake hi re...-ear n ell o oCennir
Pueblo had violated North elo,,th,.ics,
Korean fere:octal waters and Bucher ,�1..,,,,,,,u, �aid h,
. was, in (net, violating llin,e,cotered North Korean waters
territorial waters when the,,,,,,a .,......,a, ts.ater,a jaa. vi
North Korean patrol craft ,Nis.,,,,,a was (�, the atasaat
-This is absolutely ontrue."1?,%"��.1":�.....d *�-',,b,f,,rs-',,I.,.'-i, fst'''....."
appoared.
Goulding said the Pueblo re.1,...'-'",`'''u-',.." '''.."-"`e,',."..�
ported her positfon :It the. time '`n ' ' �e.i...'hr`� t'a
of her capture as 3923 north h'i"' 'lit d'''"1,- and ''''''''
and 127:55 east, As the ship "raTaTraTga',!.,.:.�.-,_,
uan bein; seNed, he added, feaa'-'4, .14.0�`,;, Sw.',..-1,:wf7Ts.
the North Koreans Placed it x.on titt'ribu fed :o'llut:her said
at 12:25 north and 127:58 east. ''
"These two reported post The Commander sron quoted
dons are within a mile of one ns sxVing. that his shiP also
another and both show conclu..exthered Mformatiun Ca mill-
sleety that the Pueblo woe In tarY installations, industrial
International waters,' Gould. facilities, port traffic and the
in continued. deployment of armed fortes
Pentagon sources noted that along the coast.
the position given in Bucher's The Pueblo was 7.6 tulles off
alleged confession was 30:124 the town of Bodo when Nerth
north and 127t40n east. Thlt Korean patrol boats aira,..,,,,,,
position, unlike the one given the oeeoun, continued.
cattier la a North Vietnamese "We were Ott the alert in.
Shin-le-Shore radio transrniS. stantly and tried to escape,
sine which was monitored hY :trine at the navy patrol
tr.S. tirteninn =tatter., Is ir. crafts . . ..'' Bucher allegedly
side Xorean waters. said.
Arth Korea claims a frau. -Bo, time ,,,,,t,,a0� ,,,��,
tier extending 12 miles tot to more dangereus for or and
sen]" -� thus one of my neon was
"The Nelda was under kllied, another heavily cannot-
orders from the beginning of ed and ben others lightly
tin mission to 5100 at least 12 wounded,"
miles front North Korean ter- The ['enfant.] said TueStlay
Hairy,- Goulding said. "There that four persons aboard the
is no evidence to suggest that, Pueblo had been wet-laded
these orders were disobeyed. One mesSage Punt the shin
Tile ASsiStant Secretary VW' was said to have indicated
the tdalm that Bucher and it/4 that one man's leg �808 .blown,
crew.. were- working, for the off, hot there were no further '
CIA was -typical of ibis prop.. tio� ils
,,an.a shorn ... The statement attributed to
nCommarnier Bucher Is a Bucher rinsed with a ref,.
nay.t �Meer, enriamanding a once in the wives and children
naval ship and performing a .,,f the Pueblo's crow and how i
naval misSlon. lie is not eta- they were 111XiiIIISly awaiting 1
PloYed by the CIA and WaS the sailors safe return.
proMised nothing by the CIA. "We only hope, and It is the I
Nor were any members of his greatest depirg at myself and ;
all my crew that we will be 1
moot minted eminent ng the 1)erneeratic
The Korean Central News forgiven leniently by the goy.
Agency St air 1
BUCher 85 saying, his ship had people's "Republic of Korpg.-
carried out hurnerous assign- Bucher .was said to have -eon
ments for the CIA. Per the eluded.
THE wAsiiiNc,TtNs' 1,0sT Thurglay./enaiX, I
A13
3 DAYS 0,N1ti;THURSDAY,
FRIDAY AND 'SATURDAY
�innit i'vrn A I I:67r sn' .A.A nr. IlltlAntirnTiern enrol n 'at rtirnis nr.n A nytirivr.
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it 1 71'"6,i1".:3�1014 TIlE WASHINGTOX POST
President's Options Were Limited in Pueblo's Seizure
By Chalmers 31. Roberts
wx�euvues AAA ay. sa,gar
PreAden: Johnson's op.
tfons to the Pueblo affair
were constricted by two aft.
!cal decisior, made dOwn
the chain of ehounand
be-
!ate the Chief Executive
had even heard of the Inch
dent.
What is now known of tbc
record goes to demonstrate
once again how much A
Commander - in � Chick in
hemmed in by the actions of
his subordinates.
These were the decistono
Involved: .
�
Sews
1. Tile President wan not
told of the North Korean
torpedo boat appreaeh to
the Nellie or of tie hoard.
fog until cro, Throaty,
Washington time, after the
ship and Its 8.1.ntan crew
were securely ln Sorth Ku.
craw hands. lly that Lime he
was (need slth oil rimer..
pi/then' facto�the first hi.
.13ekitu of an American
naval avvicl by a foreign
Mate in more than a century
and a ball.
2. The neeicafapes tired
caztior Extern:1re and tts
accompanying vesreLL, which
by dunce bad lust left Set.
ebrt. Japan. to return tn duty
elf Vietnam. were turned
about and headed toward
Otto. lien of Japan opmeite
North Korea, again before
Nit. Johnson was awakened.
The President lance more
Leas !aced ulth x fact�that
almeilean shim wore heath
leg toward North Korea In b
iShosi effort,
In the flrat inatance, nth.
ors made the fateful deri-
sion opt to send aircraft to
help the Pueblo. whether or
not the ,captein had rotted
tor atd, Someone decided,
without reference to the
White Howe nod apparently
(although this is not Let CO,
lain) without reference to
the Pentagon to let the
Puelsio's captain handle the
torpedo host problem.
That proved to be an Ire&
trim:atilt; mixtahe that
no rely limited the rued. .
dent's ability to respond.
In the second 1:lunette,
the President had no option
gyro on whether to respond
tn the trieldent with a show
of rarer, That decision was
mode down the line, appal,
ently CINCPAC, the
joint command headquarters
In Ihronlulo. Whether the
Pentagon wbv even asked Its
advice is net yet clear. But
certainly the President obv
not asked.
It may well he, of muse,
that Johnson, if he had
� been given the
once would have ordered
tie En:remise and Its naval
train to broil for North No.
resat waters% On the ether
hand he might have decide:it
� _
that to tin so would halo it1�
reheat the alreatly Charged
filln0Where and pOSSIbLY
Ittnit diplomatic efforts to
win reioasn of ship and
AAA,
If further dIplenultie 01.
form fall and with the naval
foretell North Kerta,
Johnson hurt the �Pilot, wv,
1,1 living fleet in sumo form
Or of wiftbdratoluo the shills
to the lace of North Korenfl
refusal to free the Pueblo.
The Pueblo roar is not the
first instance In which a
Prer1i(rnt has fetond hinuelf
bound by what his suborill
note) have done.
Preithiont Eisenhower was
boxed in by the mishandling
of an Inept eever !tura- in
the U.P. affair. President
Kennedy. to some degree.
wav trapped in the Bay of
l'IgL debacle, sbittlhIng he
did nut tel recur In the
Cuban ndsalie crisis, And
lirevident Johnson reacted,
or, In the View Of some
oveoreartett, to what he was
told to, the .tmeriestr atonal.
sarbor In :Laois. Domingo in
thr noininfealiiinforvrniloit.
Young Lore
Behlooin$ � in 708
NAPLES. Jan. 20 � It
was love at first sight for
Antonio Prete and nous
51entroninl and this week
they go., engaged � 58
yeais and me nurrlages
later.
It tank them so lani; he-
eitinte aftir they ruel be
had to leave for intlItary
SCrli0 artd joined the
navy. Thu romance rooted.
Oho habil-fed, and 60 tild
Two monihs ago, both
widowed, theY met hi'
chance in a grhoers. afore,
gol talking anti decided to
make tip for lost time �
despite the fart that he IC
I and she 7J,
priced
: sleeved
HIRTS
latial faits, tab
is, sta. 6.16
.1.89-2.99
SLIPPERS
-
our original 9.99-12.99
girls' fine quality
SKI JACKETS
6.99
7 ta
our regular 3.39
WARM CRIB BLANKETS
Cotollon.itirc71 .Lex al) 9
aid sloe coth';, omottly
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priced
'ElE SALE
4.9
SAVINGS FORITHE HOME
our original 6.99-8.99
STUNNING BEDSPREADS
egetste qtilti, totted
SUraq stoles cotton
teeio usii_
Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269
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Fabrication
Is Charged
By Pentagon
From News Disostelles
North Korea claimed yes-
terday the captain of the
USS Pueblo had confessed
that he was engaged in
"criminal espionage activi-
ties" inside North Korean
territorial waters when he
was captured Tuesday. The
United States termed this
"a travesty on the facts."
The alleged confession was
,attributed to Cmdr. Lloyd
Mark Bucher. The 38-year-old
officer, his 83-man crew and
their intelligence ship were
taken into custody by North
Korean patrol boats and
brought to the port of Wonsan.
The (North) Korean Central
News Agency quoted Bucher
as saying that he was carrying
out an espionage mission
against the Soviet Union and
North Korea for which he and
his crew had been offered "a
lot of dollars" from the Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency.
Alleged Remarks
"Having been captured now,
I say frankly that our act was
a criminal act which flagrantly
violated the armistice agree-
ment and it was a sheer act of
aggression," BuCher said, ac-
cording to the news agency.
"I have no excuse whatso-
ever for my criminal act as
my ship intruded deep into the
territorial waters of the Demo-
cratic People's Republic of
Korea and was captured by
� the naval patrol grafts of the
Korean People's Army in their
self-defense action while con-
� ducting criminal espionage ac-
� tivities," the Commander al-
legedly said.
Called 'Fabrication'
In Washington, the Pentagon
� promptly asserted that the ac-
count attributed to Bucher was
� a "fabrication." It added that
"no credence should be given
� to this contrived statement."
Assistant Secretary of De-
� fense Phil G. Goulding, thel
� Pentagon's chief spokesman,
said the "style and wording"
of the document published by
� the North Koreans "provide
unmistakable evidence in.
themselves that this was not:
See KOREA, All, Col. 1
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'I'he Wrath-et-
Today�FaIr and the �tost intormeii of all tici '
i and crew." :Moscow tins reported to he en'these technitmes anti in the
I route lost night.-The first ef-iship's equipment.
much fif
. __ _ .. . . _
fort resulted in a fece�tolage,whirh apparently was not des
irehuff on Tuesday ta Atnias-istroyert, the belief here is that
:sador Llewellyn 13, Thonmon nit)' Soviet nctiOn tlf free the
": ell he made the reattesl ta scssel and exescrneA W"14 uing and we certainly Impe,Korea, anti vele arm nme,
) Some reports here sugysests/eists of meetings yesterday MI I'M pen r future' ,tunts on the Council this year
oil there :vita hope that the the crisis. hitelmilite WW1 The only word from the are generally hOsdile tO the.
,
rut:Of:WS CID" alight be ros breakfast. Present wilin; MLA, stntn nepnettnent was LIM:United Stttes. esPreitillY over
leased been:isle the Commm Lasfense Secretary Robert s
I tugs had breadefoll a purport- AleXamara. caltilhera, m.esT. dtplontatte efforts were Penults the. Vietnam war.
_ '-dvittial Assistant Walt it Itoss'''''"g� l Forthermisres by lioktog to
tow and' press secretaries The 1., N. move WaS, detitk'd the /Me hl() incident-the Serth
'George Christian and Torn on at a White House luncheon Korean actions against South
Jelicion. pueeting, Christian sditis Colds Korea, the traded SinteS is: in
, The same group. plus Inenm-ineeg Olen dispatched a formal directly involving ihe I.I.N. it.
:.I.ng, Defense Secretary Ciark;request to Security CouneiLself.
:Ai, entreat, had ntei the eve. President Aga Shahl of Paid- 'rho forcers in Snultil ICIIVe:i.
tiling , -before. Christian' tolcrstan. although now reduced to
new n sme vesterday, I A public debate at the U.S. South Korean and American
Christian's stress during the will raise serious problents troops with a boodfol of offi�
dos, was on further cliploinatietTho Soviet Union will be.eers ft3 utislerrers Ironic If few
efforts. He told reporters illailibOullti to defend it itilloolother nations. are technicall
"diplomatic efforts are tiontinsComautnist state, North'under U.N. command,
, ,... .... _
1,alltrat
Mrs. title:her listens to tape reenrilieir allegedly made
by tier husband, Shipper id the raptured USS. Pitehle.

:Sosttet DensilY Foreign Minls. have to wait fee some time thee bear sonic fruit in the against It. Several either nit.V � '
asilyKuotelsov. President .1ohnson had a se.
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/)
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Tension was mounting inied confession by the ship's
Washington as the PresidentIcaptain expreSsing hope for
_
PUEBLO�From Page Al
Korea Reds Warn U.S.,
Ask Crew Punishment
tretaliation to it, if it pounces
' upon us."
-,: The paper said the Pueblo's sought a diplomatic way outl forgiveness. It also Was noted
captain had confessed that the of tile crisis. In announcing - that the full transcript of the
ship intruded deep into Northi the request for a U.N. session,
.the 'White House said it Mixed Armistice Commission
;Korean waters. It said this was! - -
"an arrogant hostile act" by : fleeted Mr Johnson's re-
meetingearnest; this
on Tuesday contained
ni.beratc, premeditated provo-Jel K
!promptly and if at all possible Korean representative: "All you
.
you have to do is to
this statement by the North
'the United States and "a de-
desire to settle, this matte
' h .
' cation for stepping up their -Y diplomatic means." admit � military provocations
:policy of war ignition in I The statement linked the,
and aggressive acts committed
!seizure of the Pueblo with "ag-
Korea." your side, apologize for
'...- Secretary- Rusk's statement' gresive actions" by Ko- by
. North -- 1 them and assure this (confer-
in his New York speech last!rea across the demilitarized.
�M th night was e most precisel zone against South Korea.� encel table that you will not
're-commit such criminal acts."
'yet -from a high Admit-Astra-, First reaction from the U.N.I But this large demand was
'.!tion official as to just whatiwas that the Council inightl not coupled with .any promise.
'the Administration is seeking ask North 'Korea to send a:Furthermore, there is every
Mid,- most importantly, as to representative to. give its side reason to believe the crew-
the timing involved. ' . ,of the controvery, though thel men:will be subject to lengthy
� 'Rusk declared that the sei- Prospects that the Commu- interrogation. Many of them
mare of the ship in internation-!nists would agree are consiC are highly trained in the most
al waters was "without prece-ered dim. !secret American intelligence
dent and is intolerable andl More hope for action isi techniques, which are of sur-
there can be no satisfactory placed in a second effort to passing interest to all the
enlist the aid of the. Soviet
result short of the prompt, Communist nations.
-may I say immediate, release Union in winning release ofl Because the Soviet Union is
!the ship. A second message to of .that ship and its officers ,the most interested of all in
.Moscow was reported to be en' and crew." these techniques and in the
'route last night. The first ef- ship's equipment, much of
fort resulted in a face-to-face which apparently was not de-
rebuff on Tuesday to Ambas-I stroyed, the belief here is that
:sador Llewellyn E. Thompson any Soviet action to free the.
:when .he made the request to vessel and crewmen would
Soviet Deputy Foreign Minis- have.to wait for some time.
.ter Vastly Kuznetsov.
1 President Johnson had a SC-
Some reports . here suggest- !ries of
I
Meetings yesterday on
led 'there � Was hope that the'the crisis beginning with
Pueblo's crew might be re-,breakfast. Present were Rusk,'
'leased because the Commu- Defense Secretary Robert S.!
I nists had broadcast a purport- McNama:ra, Goldberg, Presi-1
�
dential Assistant Walt W. Ros-1
tow . and press secretaries
George � Christian and Tom'
Johnson.
The same group, plus incom-
ing �Defense Secretary Clark
M. Clifford, had met the eve-
ning ...before, Christian told stan.. .
inewsmen yesterday. ! A .Public debate at the U.N.
I -Christian's stress during: theiwill raise serious problems.
,day was on further diplomatic,The Soviet Union will be
'efforts. He told reporters thatibOund to defend its fellow
i"diplomatic efforts are contin-I Communist state, North
Associated Press
Mrs. Bucher listens to tape recording allegedly made
by her husband, skipper of the captured USS Pueblo.
uing and we certainly hope Korea, and veto any move
they bear some fruit in the,against it. Several other na
very near future." tions on the Council this year
The only word from the are generally hostile to the
State Department was thatjUnited States, especially over
diplomatic efforts were contin-�the Vietnam war.
uing. ! Furthermore, by linking to
The U.N. 'move was decided.the Pueblo incident-The Northl
on at a White House luncheon-Korean actions against South
meeting, Christian said. Gold- Korea, the United States is in-
berg then dispatched a formal directly involving the U.N. it-
request to Security Council:self.
President Aga Shahi of Paki- The forces in South Korea,
.although now reduced to
South Korean 'and American
itroops with a handful of offi-
cers as observers from a few
other nations, are technically
'under U.N. command.
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of Rouble Involvement in Asia
hat the North Koreans can
ie forced to disgorge the
'tteblo and, its crew in any
hort period of time.
While North Korea's Corn-
iunist Party has lately
hown signs of indePend-
nce of both China and the
.oviet Union, it clearly sub-
cribes to the Maoist dor-
rine that the way to des-
roy the United States is to
hop off its fingers one by
ne. That is Mao's way of
aying bleed the Americans
.y as many wars as possible.
'ower Spread Thin
In short, if a war in Viet-
am is fine, another war in
:orea would be doubly fine.
'his is not to say that, the
"orth Koreans are about to
lunge again across the bor-
er, but that President
Johnson faces a foe who
quite probably would en-
gage him with alacrity if he
proffered the opportunity.
Furthermore, the Presi-
dent finds himself with min-
imal available power in the
area of Korea, so great has
been the drain-off to Viet-
nam.
The two American divi-
sions in South Korea are
below par and the only ef-
fective airpower in that
country at the moment the
Pueblo was seized is re-
ported to have been armed
with nuclear weapons: Yet
the basic premise of Ameri-
can military policy is to
have sufficient conventional
force to avoid the dreadful
choice between annihilation
and surrender, as both Pres-
idents Kennedy and John-
son have put it.
.If this picture is black,
there is perhaps'. another
side to the coin, however.
The President has chosen at
a moment of national anger
to call up some reserve
units, a step he long had re-
fused to take lest it contra-
dict his claim that the
.United States can have both
guns and butter. The Pueblo
incident thus may offer an.
unexpected and totally un-
sought moment for finally
focusing the Nation's atten-
tion on Asia and for rolling
up its sleeves to see the
Vietnam war through.
This is an emotional mo-
ment and emotional mo-
ments are full of danger.
The President's options to
PEOPLES DRUG STORES
get back the Pueblo may be.
limited but he has wide lati-
tude now that he lacked be-
fore to rally the country. In
short, the combination of
Korea and Vietnam could
backfire against the Commu-
nist cause.
CORRECTION
In our ad In the Washington Post
So Thursday, Jan. 25th on gages
A-10 and A-11 the following Items
Should have read:
� 1.15 IISTERINE
ANTISEPTIC, 14.0r. 71C
� 98, QUINSANA �
FOOT POWDER, 4.0s. 63c
1 WE REGRET THIS ERROR
Continental
Trailways
has
attractive
hostesses
on their
- 5 Star Service
(food and
beverages too)
Continental Trallwaysi
easiest travel on earth
12th & New York Ave. NM. RE 2-58110.
Call 223-6100 for Circulation,
and order The Washington
Post guaranteed home de�
I livery.
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Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269
...I-n.3 GS'
\Veather Forecast
District and sicirdts�Rain becoming rutted
with or turning to snow tonight: cold, low
in upper 210, Cloudy, windy and cold m-
tno.-rew. precipitation ending, high in Se*.
Mance of pmcipitation tal percent tonight,
hD percent tomorrow. Today's low. 15 at
1:3S a.m.; Mgt, 11 at 11 a.m.
NI aspen ea seer 1.6
WITh SUNDAY IORNING 501110
116th Year. No. 23.
sta stat NortiVOCa.
.(05
WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, JANUARY 23, 1968-38 PAGES
Phone U. 3-5000
Korea
This is the SINS Pueblo seized by the North Korean:. Undo'.
� 10 Cents
rd
U.S.S. Pueblo
Believed Taken
Into Red Port
Communists Also
Seen Stepping Up
Attack's in South
rusnsAnn oswisnrz.mAs
Far .+51
A hIS.. Navy Intelligence shlp
with Fit men aboard was 0010
1u0011 by North Korean patrol
boats today amid signs of step-
CommunIst military ac-
tivity in South Karoo.
The Navy obip apparently was
taktm to a North Korean port
The Defense Department said
the LOSS Pueblo. a 179,foot "In.
tritigence collection auxiliary
ship" carrying two 50 caliber
machine gums. was surrounded
by font. North Korean patrol
boats and boarded by an armed
party while 11(1 aircraft floc
overhead.
The incident hsek. place short.
ly before midnight last night
Es-r {about .1 p.m. Tuesday,
Korean time.) about :5 rr.iles oft
the North Korean roast, the
. Pentagon sold. This would hale
placed the Pueblo In interna-
tional�or open�waters.
The Pueblo radioed that it
was being forced to proceed to
the North 1C.a-can port of Won-
san, and it was preowned that
k was being held there.
The Pueblo radioed 11,01 11 did
LVE fire Its wracons. There were
unctmfirmed reports, however,
that there were sonic wounded
aboard,.
"lttenot
I. Secretary of Sta:C Dean Rusk
cailtd scintre on international
wafers 'Is 'matter of 1100101
gravity,"
Rusk said the United States
was following up through avail-
able diplomatic channels to or.
awe the immediate release of
the ship and the crew.
First word from North Croon
an the ir.cident was a broad-
cast from Pyonnung Radio
claiming that North Korea had
captured "an armed spy hake'
the U.S. imperialist aggressor
foam which Intruded wow into
the territorial waters of the re-
publfe and was carrying out
hostile activities."
Coincidental with the capture
of the rsaeblo, Radio Pyongyang
:also broadcast claims that
"armed guerrilla units" had at-
tacked sentry posts Of the U.S.
Ilnd Infantry in South Korea.
There was no immediate cen-
trum:ion here, hut there were
everts from Seoul of sporadic
raids in the northern part of
SAO Korea.
Mwron's Aid Asked '
State Department sources soli
the Soviet Union has been ado..d
In convey a U.S. demand for
the immediate release oh the
ship and crew.
, It is also expemed that the
Mili:ary Armistice Commt,
don which is sot up to super-
/tit: the 1953 Korean armistice
sill be railed to discuss not
Per SHIP, Page A-0
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A -4
**
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THE EVENING STAR
Wadi rcn, D, C,, 7a3dur, knee"), 2.3, lOSS
SHIP
N. Koreans Seize
U.S. Vessel, 83 Men
Continued Prom Page A.11
only the ship incident hut also
the,rosh tel CommwdiA
netirilY in South Korea.
The Message
Many details on the rapture
are lacking. hut according to the
DefOnNe Department anrsmuct,-
went, this :5 what happened:
At approximately in pm. EST
yesterday a North Korean pe-
trel boat approached th: Pueblo
about 95 miles off the North Ko:
[Call eons:.
Using international flag sig.
anti, the North Korean boat a.ik-
ed the Pueblo to Identify Its am
tionality. The Pueblo identified
itself as a II.S.
Oantintang to use flag sIgnala,
the patrol boat said "Heave to,
or I will Open fire en you,"
The Pueblo replied: "I ant In
International waters,
The patrol boat circled the
Pueblo.
About an hour later, three
additional Poiret craft appear-
ed.
One of them ordered: "Follow
In ow wake.; I have a Mitt
aboard,"
Toe four ships closed in on the
Pueblo, taking different pail'.
lions on 'her bow, beatu and
quarter.
Red itunes Overhead
Two MU: aircraft were also
sighted by the Poehla's crew
circling off ito starboard how.
.0ne al the patrol craft began
backing toward the bon of the
Pueblo with Penders rigged. An
armed boarding party was
etanding on the how.
The Pueblo radioed at Itt45
p.m. EST that she was being
boarded by North Koreans, the
tlefetise Department said.
At Vile attn. 11,,s1 today the
Pueblo reported that she had
been rmuested to fellow the
North Korean ship Into Wonsan
and that she hod not used any
weapons.
The final messngo from the'
Pueblo .was sent at 12:4 11411,
it reported that it had eome to
',ail stop" and that It Was "go-
tug off the air."
The fbiebio had reported that
the boarding took place at 127
degrees, 54.3 taint:les east longi-
tude: S9 degrees, 95 minutes
north latitude.
The Ship
, The Pueblo has a complement
of &I men, hicluding six officers,
75 enlisted men anti two civil-
It is designated as the AGM
and is described as a modified
light range ship OKLA. The Pu-
eblo is 17., feet long and 33 feet
wide with a displacement of 905
tons. It has a 10,2 loot draft. it.s
maximum speed is 12:2
Nebraskan Is skipper
The skipper of the Pueblo was
Identified by the Peatagen as
'Commander Lloyd Mark burlier,
of Lincoln. Neb.
Navy sources said the term
"auxiliary" used in the ship's
identification serves to indicate
that it is an auxiliarY to the fleet
and not a combat strip.
It is said to have various elec-
tronic and oceanographic equip-
meat aboard, presumably allow.
lag it to Monitor radio traffic as
well a:s to take soundings on the
possibIN presence of submarines
and oiler ships in the area.
The hcident�the gravest sea
et:area:Ilion since the Gulf of
Tonkin Racks in' August 1:154' �
is the laest in a series tel prey-
ecatimm"rine North Korea over'
the Pastyear.
Just alay before, a hand of
North herons sneaked into
Seoul an apparently tried to
storm thd3Itte Rouse, the home
of the Stilt �Korean chief of
state, im were detected and
driven oftin a gun battle.
There into solid information
on why thNorth Koreans have
decided toncrease the tempo
of their unity alter years of
generally del adherence to
the 1953 arstjee,
North Korean lender flint II.
See& however, has constantly'
called for broad internatienal
Support for North Vietnam. and
it could be that this Is a tilts*
sionary effort to try rum! weaken
the U.S. effort In Vietnam,
The North Koreans_ are pre-
sumably embarrassed by the
feet that South Korea has con.
tributed too divisions to tile al-
lied effort in Vietnam while they
havo done nothing even compor-
able. The Worth Koreans ore
said to have trained Name Northvictimmese 0103 and supplied
some aircraft,
aleatoric, of Jone S I
In a way. today's incident I
brought nunneries of another:
when another U.S.
the Liberty, was attacked be'
lraeii plene$ and terliede tiont's
in the NlinilteXtallean last June 8
�during the Arab-Isrmeli war�
and 11 American:: were ktliati
!lad OM' MO others injured.
The White lionse "hot line"
to Moscow nan wed during
at crisis. �
The Liberty, a eammunica:
tiuns ship, was 15 miles north
of the Sinai Peninsula, the Pen.
tagun sold, when the attack
100110 I
Israel later offered to make
amends for the "tragic inci-
dent," in which the Israelis
claimed no flag was being flown
by the vessel.
The Etefense Department,
shortly after the incident said
that Me U.S. omed not accept,
an "otter:: open n clearly
marked nencarnhatant
naval ship in international
octet's an 'plausible' under any:
circumstances whatseover."
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Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269
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h'coLly�Cloudy and cold. bigh tr
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Probability of prcripitallon I,: 10
per rent today nod tonight. Tents
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lierday, tISNJ. 1)crads on Page Cll.
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Phone [phone] Cr,.:Itta"` Ettrt'a
Carrier Enterprise. uhieh it nou in the Sea of Japan.
U.S. Pressing Ship's
N. Korea Cites 'Cii
eturn;
ssion9
1 President Johnson and Defense Secretary RIeNnom disco Pueblo Incident at National Security Council mectin
LBJ Si rives
To Avoid
Use of Force
tip Chalmers hi. Roberts
end Carrell If lipattlek
utultrestan 000 stiar W00.6
Thu �Thite !Those sitting.
ly Militated last night that
diplomatic efforts to :Memo
Oho return of the soiled
Navy ship l'ilebb will be
continued bcforo any do.
OS made tO hae. Mili-
tary force,
Ott tho end of a long day of
tetelevel meetings, including
an hour's ses.sion of the Na'
dorm! Security Council Moot.
dentfal Press SecretarS Ccorge
Chri_'stian told newsmen that
-the subject In mill open
through diplotnatle channels.
1,Ve have not abandoned dips
lomatle efforts toward vettte.
meat of the instter.-
Christian characterized the
diplomatic, efforts as "still of
parainnuos intermit" hut said
ho avoid give no derails,
hussians hetes,. Ald
Christian rentre after Admin-
istration eifirialf. had discloied
that the Soviet lintels. to which
the United States had quickly
appeated for ald in freeing the
tveblo and Its .03.inan
ad flatly refused to help.
Another official said that
'(hr response of dm Soviet
cove:mama: has not been satits--
factory.- lie added that Wash-
jogtea had no evidence that
atosemr had even transtnitted
Ite request In the Stirth
rKoreaa cap0+11 Of
Furthermore. North
alaj. Gen. Park Chung Kok,
the senior Communist repro..
stentative at the hIlsod Arsofe
'lice Commission naceUng at
"Panmunjom Tuesday niollt.
Wattlngton It ton, Ignored
'Amer:can demands tor return
of the Pueblo and its men.
RPOrArkg
A report front the American
Eroberay to Seoul to the State
:Department did not say that
'GC. Park had rejected, in ao
'many worsts, the demand. It
tild say that the whole tenor
of his remarks was negative
and AdminiStratIon nflirint
took Stern to be a rolectiOn.
Thus Just wind the Presi-
dent will now deelde to do. If
.htrther diploma:1c efforts alks
!prove fruillesR, VOA a sloshlY
kept secret. There were trails
,eadvaa that a second effort to
tcollst Hessian aid wbold let
,made before oak decision on
-whether td use force.
, Christina said yesterday
Menlo.; that -the Coven.,
Meat. of course, Is oromiscri
tout ntsmang. Under the Prest.
dent's directive, to toot with
Ohs' matter." lie added that no
docisions had then
lheen reached.
; Itut he and. all other oh
'fivials. Including 8cvrtdarY uI
See 110011.0, Altt, Col.
00011i01 141 at motto
t crew, Page ,112.
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U.S-Pressing Ship"Release
State Dean- Rusk, who spoke a day earlier. Yesterday when
with newsmen at the Capitol, asked if he agreed with a Sena.
flatly refused to--talk about tor's characterization of �the
future action. . �
Meanwhile, an American
naval task force built around
:the nuclear-powered aircraft
carrier Enterprise was, on
station in the middle of- the
!Sea of -Japan about .150 miles
east of Wonsan, where the
;Pueblo has been taken. There
.was he word of What addition-
al -military 'dispositions may
have :been made hilt officials
Said that other movements
:had been ordered. .
There Were "no plans at
present" for a presidential ad-
dress to the Nation on this
serious crisis which had hit
official Washington with thun-
derbolt .force and -aroused
anger. in Congress.
Nor was there any sign Of,
possible action at the United
Nations. :Ambassador Arthur
J. Goldberg met for 30 'minutes
With Secretary General U
Thant to, give him ."all
avail-
,able current information." But
Thant, who himself had no
comment' on the Pueblo inei-
dent, reported throng h..a
spokesman t,hie Goldberg had
"not yet", requested him to
: North 'Korea is .rtot � a: U.N:
member. Its Communist gov-
!erninent has been totally hes-
tile to the world organization;
: and North Korea is still under
a' UN: condeitination :the
invasion Of South )(area more
than 17 years .agpfL
Rusk yesterday escalated hiS
own- characterization- :of,,-the
!North Korean Capture of ,the
1Pueblo.' which �he, had...termed
-"a matter of utmost' gravity"
/
seizure as ah;:act.Of War, Rusk
replied: � � :�.
'"it -a vet:Y.. harsh '.att. 7
would not object...to:character-
iiing � it as an.act.�.of war in
terms of eategeriea in which
such :acts Can be'coAstrued."
� Rusk declared � that. �'"my
strong advisee to North' Korea
is to Cool it: There: have been
enough. Of these- incidents and
they have come out of: North
Korea,". a .. reference' .to . the
=tinting :attacks on South
Korea by bands and by
infiltrators.' � � � . � �
"North Korea. would be well
advised to null ...beck here,
stop this kind of. activity, and
decide .to.� live in peace � with
its neighbors," he .said: '-
Rusk also � said that "we
would �liketo. soe'.the-RusSians
give us some help in this."
By the 'Air* he was saying
this, however, other officials
were � reporting the' Soviet
turndown. At the White
it also Was Said that the efforts
through :the.. Russians. "have
not had satisfactory .resultS.",
Asked' � Whether. he ;:Saw
link between' the North �K
rean action and. the Comm
rusts in the .:-Vietn '
Rusk replied that he
was t. "no organie. connec
He added, that "it oss
North KoreaAried-"to
the pressure but it
have �the . slig,hteSt effect,"
.:Goveintnent�'sp.e-cial) t
pear to teunihinious 1
ing the North KOreareinfr
lion of th'i:Soutliandit. ' ii
urse thePueblo
their ottin.'doirie The'elec.
any notion that. the. ship vii's
'seized In collaboration with
North ,Vietnam or ;With Com-
munist China Or the Soviet
Union.
. The North Koreans, how-
ever, 'have 'been embarrassed,
it is felt here,- by their inabil-
ity to give- much -help to North
Vietnam. Whereas '?South -Ko-
-rean. troops are, major and ac-
tive American and South' Viet-
namese allies . There have been
raporta of,North-Korean� pilots
in North Vietnam but ho -pub-
lic confirmation ,that they have
. seen -action..
Washington experts,- .Ro-
rean and Communist -affairs
generally assume that. Soviet
intelligence experts will fine-
toothcomb the. Pueblo to learn
what they .can of ,the ,most se-
cret equipment; . Thug there
was some feeling here that
af-
ter this -is- done. Moscow Might
be More amenable to asking
the-North :Koreans to release
the ship and ere*;...
There is; Or conrse,-. no guar
antee..that North-Korea wonl
-take 'suck :Soviet :advice,'
offered. :The PyOngyang. gov
ernment soines.:montha.. � ag
took a .public � :stand of .equ
ncle-Pendenee .frorn both Mot
o �and �Peking. , � �. , �
R Ports-di . the' --Mixed
stice Commission seas
owed thattheNorth�Kore
geeral heaped Charg�
argc on the, United Stat
esteiday :PyongYang._ put
what it 'calla: a' confession'
Pueblors� 'captain of
e ed . -
0 riStian. termed the licit.'
orearr.chargeS,"both cynic
a.'distOrtion:ot feet," Sta.
trent � spOkesman '.Rcab-
:McClealtey � Said tke.military's policy-making role:
charges were "cynical, denun-
ciatory -of the United States
and a distortion of fact."
North. Korean .Gen. Park
charged that :the Pueblo had
engaged in -a ."vicious act of.
hostility" inside territorial
waters and not outside as the.
United States claims.. He also
charged that the Pueblo was
trying. to "come closer to the
land to perpetrate provocative
acts" 'when North Korean.
navy vessels "returned fire."
. �
Seizure Seen-
.�Linked,to Purge �
LONDON,- Jan. 24 (UPI)-- -
The seizure of the USS Pueblo
is part of a hard-line North
Korean strategy that has
emerged- after a .Major gov-
ernrnerit� and party purge, au-
thoritative sources Said today.
The shake-up has also 'led to
the :systematic acceleration of
Campaign of . subversion
ill-filtration in South Ko-
f.,-,the sources said,
purge was believed. to
eerr brought about part-,
nternal differences and
r 1Y .19Y desire tci. help the
oniih Vietnamese Communists:
str acti g the United'
a� .
ew cabinet. was appar-i
fOrmed � last .month in!
gyang. after, Pak . Kum-
vice, president of the!
sidium, Vice Premier KO
and two senior, members:
e Communist Party were;
ged,the sources said. .1
'Hier, a number of, senior
y officers were 'reportedly.;
ton the Paky's,
mittee, strengthening the I
. I
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Reds Ignore Demand
For Return of Ship
By Richard Halloran' ' � 4Arl
� Wastiiiigton Post Foreign Service ' '...." - .
SEOUL, Jan. 24�North Ko-!was an � act of "anti-linit'ed
rea today ignored a U.S. de-'States patriotic guerrillas of
mand that electronic Surveil- South Korea." He likened the
lance ship Pueblo, seized off attempt to that In' which 'Presi-
the- Korean coast Tuesday, be dent Kennedy died arid said
returned immediately. - President Johnson would meet.
At Panmunjom; site of the the same fate. ' � � .' '
Pak told , Smith to, 'stop
Korean War armistice meet.;
logs North of -here, senior!screaming� like �a frightened i)
. :United Nations delegate' Rear mad ua�Oni
ldr.,g Northand reiterated Korean
eratedt the
Adm. John 'V. Smith 'called longstanding.
the seizure an '.'act of piracy," demand that "Ainerican.imper,
" ggressors get out of '�''
demanded immediate return ialist a Kocea.. iz
of. the ship and its crew in-'
F
tact, and said the United Few here think the Korean
War is likely to be 'reopened. �
States ' required an apology
113ut no one is -ruling out that
from the North Korean. re-
'Possibility In this critical situ-
gime. , . .. .
Smith . said the Pueblo was,o11.�111o.st Korean and American
In international wafers at time servers believe, that the'inei-
of incident, ' . � . :Idents are part of. Tier intensi:
The senior North' Korean' f ing efforts by 1
to overthrow revolution
the South Korean
n in 'the-South
o
Kuk, countered with a demand ,r
delegate, Maj. Gen. Pak Chung Ill
for a U.S. apology for its 1 government and reunify thrs ula by armed force. Oh-
vessels on routine duty' "re- 'C'
tolerable Provocative acts."
He 'Penins
claimed North Korean patrol qeidents of a similar nature
'her
e forecast more in-
turned fire to the pirate ship,
killing and wounding several
crewmen and capturing 80-odd
others."
. Pak said the Pueblo was in-
side North Korean territorial
waters and told Smith not to
make a "foolish attempt to
cover up your criminal act like
a robber playing'cop, by false-
ly claiming the ship was 'in
international waters."'
Smith also charged North
Korea with trying to "perpe-
trate the most heinous crime
since your barbaric invasion"
of South Korea in 1950 in
Sunday's unsucceSsful attempt
to assassinate South Korean
President Park Chung Hee.
As Smith- spoke, search and
sweep maneuvers continued
to round up remaining mem-
bers of a 31-Man North Ko-
rean commando squad. Since
Sunday's fight that broke up
the attempt, 15 North Koreans
have been killed and one cap-
tured. South Korean casual.'
ties since Sunday were 14
killed, including a colonel shot
to 'death today.
Pak retorted that the at-
tempt to kill President Park i
building up to a peak during
the coming summer.
South Korean reaction t
both incidents bas been mix-
ture of shock, anger, and ten- .
sion. The South Korean gov-
ernment � has lengthened the
curfew to begin at ip p...
"very night and run until 4
a.m. Armed soldiers are rsta-
tiooed at key snots' in city.
Much speculation has arisen
as to why. North Korea 'seized
the espionage vessel. One view
held by. well-informed sources
Is that this was an effort to.
show up the United States as
a.' "paper tiger." Although
North Korean Premier Kim n.
Sung leans toward the Soviet
Union because it can supply
money and arms, ideologically
he favors Communist China's
Mao Tse-tung and believes
that Americans should be
harassed everywhere in. the
world as part of a worldwide
conflict with "imperialism."
The incidents may also have
been a North Korean attempt
to prevent South Korea from
sending more troops-to light
In Vietnam,
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A Thsered, reai TI E II I NC,TON
Field Commanders Decided
Not to Attempt Ship Rescue
By George C. Wilson int: gm entire hUncking Sete NTS, :gond:v. Defence OM.
root:mass owe sutt ,,aa., queen's!. IcialS said the Puebles skipper.
Dole:Ise officials said lag Thee tesuansibilIty for the Cindy. Lig yd kl. Futehee,
night that it was the nellitarYtdecislates during the Puegalo`sidtd "t ea ct. "ty until t"
cortunilltd,rti In 0, Nem whegfateful heaters nos thus Putt,sw�th Noreonl Started to
�decided against. trying to reSsesquarely 011the military. 'Want hit ship all 1:45 p,m,
rue the LISS Pueblo on she Defense officials said theyl The �entagi,n too het div.
was hoarded by North Na. were not passing Judgment onIchtse the nature of the colt fur
realla� the dreiSlons tondo nor intel te whnt it ��ott tem,
The Pentagon added that boogying any (Outten In the capeetto fiki.,, vid the
Coy e the hoarding. the skipperturv. lint they implied thatl��s.,,,, �� radgt 01(1
of the Pueblo was left on his once the skipper bad given up ttersted, .
moo Defense ofKrialS� whothis sill', there wII, nothing thel Prone 11:45 pm Alonday �
ate t
could not be Identified underiNa t'y eould Lige* of doing
thc grceund rules of their save the sa 6
tiation.
meeting with non-sotto, sal& The first. of four North KO.;
t'�tulkol the Pueblo reached wen, ildnie. John l'i Smith. f_righte, chief (LS: eletleeo the
*Ian 2,1 11311110 A mil front t m pan m if tat t 4 tv es ocogsiee ceent...am ae metnio. reas btque,ix 1.�, tea', dvde.ga. ntl e If t de ic.r seconrom tett is no intIf d
ie.
its Position. the question WAS pntteSt 10 .,,L1j. Nen. Park Cholla Rua (tar lett), Smite No
- -� _. , _....
on enders went out fromitean Patrol boats started hats limo- to re4eut her.
Washington It ,he Pueblo 1ur-ia5Sine the Pueblo fit 10 Pan-f Settee the Pueblo has
1 tirnthIsd speed ef Ig.:: knots, mile
limy commanders had at Lea))
tWo hours tO latercedo wIllit
,the Nutth Korean patrol honks
Tarred the American shlp to
,ward Wonsan harbor.
I U.S. airplanes in thc arca
;'even if they could have
'frachert The ship while she
WII3 still in international wa
tere-, would have had dIffieult.}
'strafing or bombine thy patrol
ehoMS without hitting the
IPuettio as well.
Apparently there tkere nu
ll.P.,,arShIPS Mose by to In-
tervene.
,
This apparent slate of U.S.
helplessness came through in
no official Pentagon etatemottti
dint salek 'Timto and distance
factors made it imposslhle to
respond to the call that was
made when the ship was being
hoarded,"
The key military derision
thenL�accordefte la the Penta.�
gun time sequence�was made
by therueblo's skipper.
Defense officials said they
Uhf receive a message trim,
-the skipper that he had
started destroying the secret
Intelligence equipment on the
Tuth '
The ship stayed In radio
eunununiendon with Nary
shore stations even after the
North Koreans 'boarded her.
Possibly the Koreans took
s�nme time to cut all all the
Pueblo's radio comenunicadon
gear�same of which could
have been sealed off in secret
cOmpartments.
While boarding start-ad at,
11:45 p.m. Monday. the Pueblo
!did net go off the air until
12:52 aim. lucidity.
Defense, officials said last
night that Secretary Robert S.:
'McNamara aes notified about,
the Pueblo rapture at E2f.:3t
an. Tuesday. ' I
MI rm.
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Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269
7'he 131
+Today-6,1d, occasional light snow,
ritiR9 in oPPer Ms, -Tonight-Cold.
.Thursday-Cold, Chance of preciPt.
; talon SO% by afternoon, 2035 to-
night. Temp. mopes Today, 20.031
Yetterday, 0345, Details, Pav
Into' iirralit
FINAL ,
;a Pore.-1 Sections
Amusements 11 0 Po. Diary A=
City Life ' C Financial D 9
Glastglest C a Obistarhu C S,
Comics IMO Souris ' 1
Editorials A20 TV.Radits 13 8
F.vrots C 8 Women's 13 1
,IfIst Year No. 50
K rea,
th.s. ci ,1110,11q0
E.11) NES .1) A 1., A iN If A 1-1..A7 � 2'I�.
Reds Selize
The U50.150.10 it shown under tlej: in lids look Naey photo
o S
Plume 223.5000 `41.1,`Iiiltr PraW
Ship,
.Carrier .Enterprise 'Leading :-
Task Fleet Ordered to .Site
Diplimiestio Moves
1ly Chalmers Ai Roberts
iicualc.era Pao suit plow
President Johnson, has available
both diplomatic and military options
to secure the return of this American
ship and its creW seized by NOrth
.K�i\cdairt. intstratien officials stressed
last night that he hail made no des
eislen On what step to take nest. First
he wants to know, they said. Whether
the diplomatic efforts 'viii succeed-12
they fail. he now has the option of
using the massive military power
moved yesterday into the Sea of Japan
off North, Korea.
The of ficials indicated that some de-
lcision is possible shortly On military
action if- the North Koreans do not
promptly release the Pueblo and its
'crew.
The first responseifrom North KO-
;reit %yak a rejection of the American
demand to return the ship, according
to dispatches from the Mixed
irmistice Commission meet.
ing in Korea late la,t night.
Vashington time, Jai Gen.
Chnaltituk, the chief
North Korean delegate,
charged that the Pueblo had
conmdtted "intolerable Move.
cotloui" and had illegally 'In.
iihrate,W North Korean waters
on no espionage adsoion."
American officials ,1111i PICA.
y last night that whether
there Is a rtme war between
the United States and North
Mores Is wholly up to dir
Commtnalsts.
A National Security Council
neeting is scheduled for I
p.m today at the White 01005e
at whichthere Is expected to
he an assescrrient of the illplo.
matte efforts to win release of
the Pueblo.
Al a meeting of the Korean
fixed Armistice Commis:ion
lost night, Washington time, at
Panmunjom on the line which
divides North front South
Korea. the United Stales de,
manded the return of the ship
and crew.
American Boar Admiral
John V. Smith also demanded
an aflology from the North
Koreans. fie called seizure of
the Pueblo .the most heinous
crime" since the outbreak of
the Korean War In 1939.
Smith conpled the ship Mel
dent With the rising number
of North Korean incursions
nto South Korea across the
demilitarized zone and ht Sec EFFECTS, Al. Col. I
tciewastaaat
1. At, 111.1011En
Pueblo's captain
earned Mot if they centineed;
tlte reSponsibIllty for the'
conSeeuences would rout' on
the North Koreans.
The United :states also has
moved on the diplomatic front
o free the ship by asking the
Soviet Union to intervene. A
message wai given tim,11:1O.
/1 (lion
sly George C,1111,on and David Hoffman
weiaiortea rok, Malt writer%
North -Korean patrol boats raptured
a ship of the, till. Navy yesterday anti
the United Slates pecniiptly oriteriiit
a sea-air task force led by the carrier
Enterprise into waters off North
Kerea.
the Edemas Department reported
11151 foUr Of 'the 113 Creamy:4i aboard
the USS Pueblo. au intelligeace ship,
were wounded during the capture. At
least one is said to he in critical con-
dition, errs though the 900 ten des-
set, IsCist its goos silent during the
encounter.
North Korea Said its patrol tioalS
turned fire front the Pueblo and that
several American crew members 'mere
killed or woundelL l'he intelligence
ship Carried three 511 ealiber wobble
guns while the Communist gunboats
are armed 0 Rh 40 nun. cannons.
spokestiten had nothing
to say about an exchange of.
genflre ontY Mat the Pueblo',
did net use Its guns
ofittials said the attacht
took place 16 tulles off Mei
North Korean mainland In
ternatieial waters. ilowever,
North Kbrea countered Matt
' the Pueblo halt trespassedi
within its 12.mile territorial
The firSt North Korean pa,
trot boat pulled alongside the
Puebla at 10 pins. EST klinnias �
and threatened It with cannon
fire union the Ames-lean ship
"hove M." Them ether tjum
boats jolned the firs: attaik
croft Stem afteneard and oars
rounded the Intelligeneo ship.
An hour and 45 mimic,
after the first Communist craft
almoner:I, an armed ;Vents
Korean party boarded the
Pueblo under :Loner of
fighter otarics. The Pueblo's
skipper. Caidr. Gleyd St. I
Bucher, 37, was ordered' to
Lotion' pie onto of a COranni.
niOt patrol boat Into Wonsan
ho � rtm
The carrier linter'Pri d
Se ha
left Stogies, Japan. late
day. betted for a station Off
the meat of North Vietnam.
But hettnedlately after the
Mersin seizure. theater cont.
modem turned die big ship
around .4 ordered to pro.
eed northeastward toward
tIne t at noon.
Esrorting the Enterprise 'is
the nuclear frigate Tension,
everal des:royera and stspiali
hips sumanmed from part.. in
Japan. Air cover for the quint.
it' assembled flotilla will he
drawn from the Enterprise
and bases In Japan and Korea
as required.
An the crisis deepened,
American Antbaseldur Wil-
liam J. Porter repent,* told
South Korean Premier Chung
I at Seoul that the
United States hat t Ice n
"grave teldai steps" to deal
vith the seizure.
The Defense boportment's
deputy information chief, Dan.
lc! lienkin, reported last
nigh; that eat until the weal
boarding bad begon.-an hour
and 43 minutes utter the first
natio: hoes aopeariacu-sild
See PUElt1.0..14, Cat. I
(Id
1 0 e
3 en
ion.2.4. WyLdrean To. Pia 6/ Gt. 00.
,I p mime. approsInette position of Me 1550Fuenie
viten it ha, Soloed ht' North :Korean patrol beat. and
Diton to the um( of Wonsan. The nuelcur carrier Cotes.
rise, whieh Ject left Sm�ebo, Japan, and other U.S.
eN,Ols wen, frporled rooting toward North Korea.
Congresrii Reacts:
Ship's Recovery
Pressed by Hill
Congress reacted a n ngrilel Fe ticenge .tiken (ES
gesteroa to North Korea's., th
-Nor
capture of the Ameri
There were calls for milifcan
orta
auth Korea it al1P91..Yhta 40,
I:genre ahip, the USS Pueblo, " �.�
Inn' ac to recover the ns COO tnItIPS tia South Vietnam."
tion e
sel and Its inionan Pito. frolni Otte Of he. strongest ('etc.
city Ii Woman, where Oleos came teem Rep, Rob 'A d-
uos rotted lino part. Ism, Mr:41U who demanded
Sea. itichsrd It. Ruseell th-ithot the vaned States take
G3J. Chairman of Inc Senate. thriiittrY mitten -kit once- to
\ zoned Services Committee, reroyer the Puebla and her
called thwseigure "almost an!rTatys wmt`a 91to threo
act of wan"! Ws Boas, coehJetiltiCal questions that core
tenetrt. Ken, it. Shendel itiecis'eeltoctl by 0 number of lenisla.
Present win take oil pew. The -m three that ust be
D.S,C.), said, hope tnet
President tort
toe). utepa to gegrn.e thIn at,. answered" mere, he sold: Why
to one 'wasn't ate Corr sent? Valy
Some, including critics 0510..91- thorn"ad. mil!"
the Aennjasts,.,,,p,,,.., pot, in tory proteetion. Inc the pattot-
Vietnam suggested that tholii" Piieb!.2 55000's tha
125, continitment there A;13t5hiP .bitb-`4 by it'. r.P'i"
responAble Inc the Noel :119.d crew before it wets
Korean sullen, ,boartled by the North Koreans
gen 3 William Polbri h: "to Prcvent tsix ,ecret intelli-
(1).Ark.), Chairman of the por.,kettiT iTIMPMent from falling
eine itelatiOns Committee who�InT..., h..1`"
is quietly probing the 15041 z:mmie SlaionlY Loador
confrontation in the l'ortkin,Mile (P.M,,�-t1
Gulf. and Sen. Stuart Sytnit;grsS,:g
to n oi tnlero.otl000t law"
n (D.3to.) said the Arnettc
,�,,,i�,,Enien,3'lotnam,lin,:and said he assuaml the Gov.
Bowed other countriesfleece'Ail
mote againSt the
impunity. I See REACT, AC, Cal. t
Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269
Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269
ikinen.1.1,xi.N.A.M THE WASIIINiVitiN POSI.
Ptlfill1.0�from linue I
Korean Reds Seize U.S. Vessel
lila Pueblo's skipper radio forth rio yrsimolui. is
help. ' tothite 11,000 tire. 101.0011
to the ...ranee ts,oneteny, iworce hhinstma that
view. tba Pueltho's kaptain aide Walt Ott Ito."
tt:r.u.,,K,,airl,.:�,C....,,,,,W),arcic.r... choir.ial le..ht oi.ne hetnebnandii1,4,1::::_� .
man of the Joint alter, of idea retice that the' Puebla
- rown� What on, in ...hut* trouble. E'en
-ry haled m T reomor meek throoe ., rap a � ,
.lug of the National Secorityeuest Immehlate alit, th m at oll
e''''t9
arsed en tely co � also II' h.. had done AO to all h. c. la ichedul.1 far lido. eleoscri hetoren Um an,
render''without a (rat, At �
' .m-han iietiet,OrYii rt o te wh. had pm. today, The NSC Ir. met nu:trance of the first North
. heart . '�
' no time lienklo laid, did the.occumed. At that boor. the wh
.1 I'd' tit. 474. Feb
4, 4,,,,,,. ,4�44. ,,,,K40:4c4an,,po ,a,...thie ho,�th,,,i,o,n.,
' 1 the
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''...t.Wr h'i gone 'h to the N" th' ''''. 'n'i A V.0 nay. brawl beton eat, Othl OS. fight., tailed to
in' h' 'hh' rather than "e "'''''' taken to e h,�tde loranile ' resew the licloagoeirdi ]hn.
'tall into North Korean hand,. tWan :Pm a wanaaa tar
:. R^Ittat,e atta,ta wMartud Seernmry of.. State lar.on afloat, an Thu don'. a Union raixin4uthe,que,,tion,4.41.7.. ,�
'the Pueblo lay quiet oith en�Illosh oar alcried through cutlet, damaged by CO,ofed. ,,,41,4h44 C;....,,,h,,,t:,,,.. I ,,,,T...�],,r4f4.,
girl' oft a. four one. Sheilah, ;ow, .e.narethent-b opeee.t crate 'hurt fire oa, cap urr.1 _044., 4u,,,rt,,on...ji r,,,,,..,
:lifer additional patrol Imataittone center mound midetithi,tm naa.a,rta Itat,,,,,, _ 1,-, ,,,, ,,,,.,,,..�1,,,;,. a.:.,
took up rost.tlow ananed hohlWa.hlortan time. AaeteSairt, 8.1l101,lbt,':.....�1.,�,71., II'.: Rod alit �, ,i,�,, }.,�
With her retthIsticated elmthitecne., Killian, P Ilionds.19ht oil's ' --f �',:,� hi. nn ' temporary tours of dine ironic and acoustic monitoring,haee area et all of the partan American th P, t meth often than Cal. these
device, the Intellizewe thip.haet. heard the ,,,.., at ihyo jacked et the high teat e la . , tt 44 hate, 44 ,,,,,..
rulhably heard the North Nee ,r foteign poster with ohkh. th s myna] co, a
reanefott ea theY �Prwachl vars oat pa ,aa last
I., build hiph kill's,. night Sr to otien Swthlary of
Ii it hid' kn.'. whether the Defame Robert S, MrSatr.ara
Puebles crew had a amt., tniottothrr lop Pentagon officials
deotroy Oe shin', tnnueeretioete alerted or o briber they
Intelligence equipment before hod glom the ship any orders.
their capture, Howes., almost Christian Ind:rated that the
all such dmiere fratere mirth.. hod been dloausscat
"cleatritet" switch that trigger,at the regular Iths,da.� lomat
Nation was nohartivels al oar..w
a.aas, lote n the ear ellialte ti
t of abuiul lit- Ilaliliolt
oil ett. the 010,lhtc�,e� As inters fly. K..55 I.itut
co..] bait, been harassed hy IT enfant, from the soot
the North Korean navy. Th. ohm., the Pan.� eneountered
t'll*."rthur
talon air hare,
te and ICC ci
mixht not haa�",.., e�od Tamm-are /33A than half an
a ntained charge of ex.ttbe Ttheudent hold, with fizialt,thiLlig
Ito ti!l titan ten pelt ni
groelec Plosive ler the during taterdNieNamara and Rotolo. �
President Johnson ire, si,1"�.4nVatS'e riT'artr'.i.CtIlfdtrd'f'en7to
auakersed betocrs 2 and 2,10�Direetor nichird Penn, and 077'.
� la, ea ture�
T.9
� ltd., detailed CS. Air rort< map thous the ,pet ohm,
Il.S. the Chu Pueblo Ca, raptured In
� International water. at North Korean pa.. host,
'Tee heavy dotted lint seN, Korea is the MI craw,
the tine hoot. Nerth arid South Korea.
1:14Terii�lirout rano II
ti--Thla .1 the logical location fee
tap, rteontIng cquipowut that records
th�,,n4.441,4nnOle.4,4,11.4�7:4 11,11t4ebre4reptterr,d ,,,by44,411.4hei
off Wont 11th n.,t of the ,Iths�-at wa,
the oho tn'the �LISS hthertY,
0,1i616.1 the Pueblo ha, had lit
1101mm-10.1 for under...cc thdeninh
Mann... the .IIID wells a lent line
,u1,,,,44%ydrghopinhnenzl,�.4,htfachleltu4a,1444Itthr44.;;
la nenerith Ihr surface, draigeo dean
it A Planinil dl, lee, and hat weighted
'�:if'eurt toe"''''''he'r' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' W%1.1.7'..'''' 'ti4sit".'ettr:Frqu.'";%1"kre7Ild.M1:�lni tudmehones hanging erom It like a
..TTelne,t'10�Tin?enn armouo�, Johns. tombated In ord., orahheri, Inn him,
.e...,,444,aittiye,Tl .t. h.t. deures� the North litetnamese ferret specialists, These Signal...I
underwater, .11.1 Ill denature by
tacit slop make, a dielinfliet sotind
in, th.S FIghterbunibere II
later, 'thee. add nose, �tem IS. from ohich Ai/eh Waft art' led Into 5 computer by US. in.
craft apPeare4, One vet them ...,", ote,,Iiis,:�nuu,e2perts tar ready comp.'.
son to ,ignals monied by ferret thin.
order.: Tams th 'my oak. ,Tbis raid. the firth 03 :shoal to elfse enoliMent . the, thin Ian hcen retooled to make room for clee If the Puebio had soult ondrrnnter
I lute a ptlet aboard,' The ' lett... lit.eiied 1. ill faroo en theat (write coition:eat ,och as the Var. ear detection ettotpthenk and it nout
raw china elated in no the month, the neittrinfna of we 3.-lhe lout poi. appear to thiPPort tiled on the h011 IdiscrtY. Sat.thy the Ilkela did, it could Illuni in thIpa
Puebla, taking different p0,I, .,,,,,,,,nthtn4 att.', I cable' ter trumatIttive Melo. er to tOratlir larlitil the Middle EA3 wen p.n. br Iktr to WO ittntad
'?'ittltrle'r.' l'Ttr:rt'''';i1oPraairr'. %t1 � REACT-- .
a t.'
,..�, Ai an. (.()Iigt�essilltil Call fo)t� Seized Ship lie.etwen,
bawl how. ha, ,..'
-t�t�Te iir 'hi. W., 'rah the.qh the SOO. Unit. and Want are anoplled by Chiaat the Pilaus taken by the North !Fe th Karr, ctn. Mark. Kh]Clatk. oho I, new the Pre.'
began harking toward the bow Japan, ohich bate diplomatic and t au, the sneict untonhKareans, he raid. d tar., arid to Chat leston. hth,ident at The Cuadeh a military
of the Poebbi with tendert what'll,
olth North Korea. , tlrtrale. ,, .
rte.. An awned beard.. -Ms it, omeal. I think. St 'lathe
., ,.. ..�e ,be .b., .bat allis Ilawath �id the United' oat a leant Mr Pers., Ito' 'II dee.e't surprise me. It
�PartY was ...d Inc
...ding on thInv r.'re C0133 Or hate a , '-.� ' .... - 4. et should .311 no thrimm.. oegmlatfoes in Vise ene�, me, of ,,,,,,,,o, go, thit
how. lot :Mee of.' Syhnington hilt: ishi.�-ofter all. were Pr. d Natiotor to condemn na... ' hilt the flrot time the 33331 .1113 Poets. radioed at .1,1,,,,'.$,..u, Koreans arch.: 1 heatna engaged'. oleinant" Ink act of piracy,' 1 .The bonfrrente table I, In Korea slalattol the argil,
li''' , r.l ''''' 'he wTi 'et" fl. Toed. ahaY ihn. North hen William fL �Kate. CR. Outtide rung:co, the man haat an extend.] of the oar tthe. Ai ..ft as I athrted It
�` zhg:Iyetv,th: I.4.rmahr ,11,4odi, �.� (top nset,,,� ot who neentiawd the UM arrnlyqur the Common:5th" Said Met' bean tn tiobtb,k,"
LBJ 1�1 TA Dii.)101/11.1.Cy Or
at tor.
, crateidaia. the Pueblo re' alon. there ri, s.,th go. Om Ilause ...meet derete.4 , .-____ _
� Ported that sbe had been re onsmittee, condemned the
To F: ee Ship. Creit;
e attested tu follow the .North �
Korean ,b1p] Into Wonsan and chute as ea dathardly am at
kitty.' ohne Rep. Duroard
that Ma had am u,sil 'a.. Flirt," 0/11�S� i. Ilan lit,h1.1 "aid "loth
. '' K provevatIona' demanded an
'trip, hill:mien, l h ,�4iTil - tweets
. . .. b mmrdlate and thrcetal re
PUNb13 0A3A font at MT.' a m. ,,..�' �;2,,,,,,.'l'u '...." ll?il Anna,
la reported that it had 100110 a.,.."',. r:'''''''' ."'.� m Although !town agreed
'at aeon' and that .t `tat 'Col. i'''' -""' . t'''4'e the. with SyminMen, contention
off the ale?' � truce The maneuver
that the United States ...I
The North Korean radio '"�,,ntt, d.e.;tt� �i, - t 100o�tdr I y , p re a d mitharily
m
PrOPilY charded the pueblo � � ... . .' a "" I'. around the Oveld. he 1A01 the
eon., was -capable. of ha
illing any of cur Or..
nen. oe may' ha's' In Karel
and al the tume time maintain
our posture in Vietnam".
II... 1101' leader Gerald
11. Ford of Allertican sold the
North Korean should release
the ship i'fortba kV
�If the ',owl wet cruising
n International waters. as wa
aroarentle the rate, there II
no rue:ideation whatever for
shoed). after the gelfure of the tall" to call for ihy th,N, at.
also. MoScow ymtordayinot then have sitthricht do
� , aun
Administration *Meta. Sc. While Adraintitratlan nffh
terday viewed the Puebla clals vote of getti. the thiP
den, teed, ��ht wesetio hand thc Men bark ar quickly
non lay thud surprite, as the as possible, there was no ree.
Mail Scrim. in (arta tirre Woo: that hi. swim
the arrni]the too July IT. lhatNerth Korea 10111 Oat the
ended the bloody thittqlentsoy ship" had Ihtroded Into
Its territorial oat., although
The atilitlie waa tharathWe the United Stole, said the
h10 al a "Matte, Of Mole, Pueblo was IS mile, off shore
gr.." .cl the hMto fiePort'i The la. how of .�iller'"'T� Mt. a seat atddepq.
� . otem lb it
.an7,t
'aunt moved at once for a din,scroleemen tolag Watured 1,pd totheth�. fighters,
tolootie riii,.da�. The. Tr'twa, to t'"�2,,,.whe� t".� e'sea�a� saith Kapea alleged that South Kowa hao a hi.
merit u, the oar.' -.".helieo.oe Poid� i'ree" A rut.: of the raid,. oblch It ger arMY Oat email ale leaded by the. nuelear.pmetdoon north el the Korean dhey. ottt by ,tes,th btree... ret,,� .
need carrier fiMerPtioe airiding line They new et.. Koreett �t.erittea. the "hort range PI fighter
ready obeaolry
st nod.' waY ht Mettler] tett Yetr taw. south Kurean authuriflea had, and otd let.
ff A{ 0 � gene low a �11, ot theory,
tended In Nth", that illaleerloufnuoil of flagrant
St-OP eart meta phosited what It termed the
North
hilieeana, thrill,
Sloe '0 Kesoa
tor7eint'i f ptiOardo rl UniftV bNL:orht NKpte'onth r'e rhoe't1",! .k."1�h!"eter.'.�,";43, VI
in char.:ging and then SA13. �313:1 what kcal!. tec ro f 4,4
MI the Pueblo which hail and "hot; artillery ace] U tit �
been in the area Inc toolaae�...hite:, had .tne after the attentlit .o
weeks, y rein the old. assattlnate - South Korean
elnriakt said the,/ diclIelaPlottVe-ecoofoN.th Korea, yes. President Park Chung Ileo.
bere'::TtniZfa St� Air F�ree
any concerted Comment.
al. to open a strond 11001
against the United States tn
costa, Roomer, WY Pointed
otit thol the Tooth Korea
hate tzepoed liaith their i
II. f go h
ronminnicaliont
1111 gri'; hca.dquartirs near Tokyo had
i'ttrh dielthla the two Koreas
The broadcast sold the raids
Place "as the armed
gee of remnutionary ow,
o,e,'aatltrO In
the violence of their Teri,. at. torts Lcou.:Ptgeti.
tacks on dm Untied Statesi Tiete , ba� Ko..
�"t. the Y.'. T.. Wean line for thine time, claim
dent Park Chond tee
'Ai the tinned iXatinits, killed or captured. im added.-
butthuor Arthim J. Goldberg Noreen fore. and noire
rolled on U-N.'Scrodary COO. with "the universal. .1 roost,
igiVeolO1=11;"srld'g'gri Ur;r:hp'?op:1:'tit'ull.'
It tho ti
hour hO jet front the thine
,pot.
esonem.
'acme thd Poo ...I tith.
111:4rostuti4on perched atop
In the hli'dffr..?I'e't?'4:.\to�,V
stm at.���ate.4. lb nyn the One nickname. dta 3 mile
EST tillendaYI a North Korean ,eutla el the Tath parallel nit
patrol boat anta,aehori du.. theorist