IDF INTELLIGENCE'S UNIT 8200 UNVEILS COMBAT BATTALION, SOCIAL MEDIA EFFORT
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WARNING: TOPIC: MILITARY, TELECOM, TECHNOLOGY, FOUO
SERIAL: GMP20120925738015
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BODY
COUNTRY: ISRAEL
SUBJ: (U//FOU0) IDF INTELLIGENCE'S UNIT 8200 UNVEILS COMBAT
BATTALION, SOCIAL MEDIA EFFORT
SOURCE: TEL AVIV ISRAEL HAYOM IN ENGLISH 25 SEP 12
(U//FOU0)
TEXT:
(U//FOU0) Article by Yo'av Limor: "Bringing Intelligence to the
Field"
Internet
OSC Transcribed Text
(U) This product may contain copyrighted material; authorized use
is for national security purposes of the United States Government
only. Any reproduction, dissemination, or use is subject to the
OSC usage policy and the original copyright.
The day before Yom Kippur is as good a time as any to pay a visit
to Unit 8200. It was 39 years ago today when this unit, which
serves as the backbone of the IDF's signal intelligence and code
decryption apparatus, failed in its mission. Since then, however,
it has amassed considerable strength. In recent years, the unit
has reached a watershed period in which it has had to adjust to
development in global technology, the changing face of warfare,
and, no less importantly, the tumult in the Middle East.
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8200 is a code name that conjures up many things to many people.
Older observers will recall the intelligence officer stationed on
an outpost on Mt. Hermon who fell captive to the Syrians and
revealed the most sensitive military secrets known to the IDF.
Younger Israelis will no doubt point to the dozens of successful
high-tech start-up companies founded by former soldiers who served
in the unit. And the combat troops will think back to the unit
whose base of operations in Glilot was affectionately referred to
as "515," a number that represents the unit's name in its
previous incarnation as well as the time of day when its soldiers
go home after a day of duty.
These anecdotes and cute tidbits do not even scratch the surface
when it comes to taking stock of what 8200 has accomplished. A
simple search on Google yields over 12.5 million results, and
this is just the tip of the iceberg. If there has been one
constant element surrounding 8200 all of these years, it has been
the rigid secrecy that its soldiers have adhered to both during
and after completion of their military service. There's also the
grueling application and acceptance process, the draconian rules
on use of information, the stringent limitations on private use
of the unit's technology, and total avoidance of any contact with
foreign agents or journalists. These principles represent the
cornerstone of the unit's day-to-day operations, and they imbue
it with an aura of mystery that has hung over it since its
founding.
That is what makes Israel Hayom's exclusive sneak peek into the
unit all the more remarkable and rare. To understand just how
rare it is, one only needed to gauge the expression on the faces
of 8200's support staff and field officers once they noticed a
journalist and a photographer in their midst. From their vantage
point, no one has yet to regret anything they didn't say, nor has
anyone expressed sorrow for a picture they didn't take. As
soldiers well-versed in the potency of intelligence-gathering,
they repeatedly warned: "There's no doubt Hizballah
Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah will read this article, and
not just him."
A Stuxnet Connection?
With a modicum of caution, it is safe to say that in recent years
8200 has accumulated a larger share of the IDF's operational pie.
By extension, it has also benefited from more budgets and
manpower. In years past, it was primarily tasked with gathering
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signals intelligence (SIGINT). In more recent years, however, its
workload has taken on another dimension: cyberspace. According to
foreign media reports, 8200 was involved in a joint
Israeli-American project which was given the code name "Operation
Olympic Games." This intelligence collaboration gave birth to
Stuxnet, the computer virus that caused a shutdown of centrifuges
in the Iranian nuclear facility in Natanz. Other media reports
credited 8200 with creating other software whose main purpose was
to either cause damage to, or gather information about, Iran,
among other things.
Earlier this year, the world learned of Flame, a computer program
which specialized in covert intelligence gathering. Kaspersky
Lab, the Russian-based computer security firm which first
discovered the existence of the virus, said that it was the most
advanced attack software that it had ever seen. Analysts who
monitored the digital signatures that were found with the software
noticed that one of the pieces of data bore the date 2007, which
indicates the year in which it was supposedly created. If so, it
is difficult to imagine the technological strides that have been
made by the software's author, who as far back as five years ago
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was able to invent a program that is still acknowledged as the
most cutting-edge.
In the realm of cyber warfare, 8200 is not only responsible for
intelligence gathering, but also for going on the offensive.
Another IDF unit, which belongs to the army's teleprocessing
branch, is charged with shoring up digital defenses. In recent
years, the cyber front has expanded to the point where IDF chief
of Staff Lt. Gen. Benny Gantz has been urged to pump more
resources into this field as part of the military's new
multi-year budgeting plan. Gantz has so far approved just a
portion of these requests, but he has promised the head of
Military Intelligence, Maj. Gen. Aviv Kokhavi, and the commander
of Unit 8200 an immediate infusion of cash in the event of a
technological solution or breakthrough.
Not Even the Sky's the Limit
Unit 8200, which was always the largest outfit in the IDF, has
expanded even more in recent years. Tens of thousands of men and
women serve under the command of Brig. Gen. N., who is the
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beneficiary of a special privilege extended to him by the army:
the right to select whomever he wants of all the drafted
enlistees into the IDF. The only other military unit that is
permitted to choose its personnel beforehand is the IAF pilots'
training course, though this too will likely change in the near
future. This is due not just to the dramatic rise in importance
of the technological sphere, but also to the increased use of
unmanned aerial vehicles and the lessened need for human pilots
Soldiers �in 8200 joke that they will soon be tasked with operating
IAF fighter jets by remote control.
The main qualification needed for anyone wishing to serve in the
unit is demonstrating a command of the exact sciences, including
mathematics, physics, and, of course, computers. Anyone who
enlists in the unit feels quite comfortable in these areas and is
capable of understanding the language. An absolute majority of us
are not quite there, as we will forever be relegated to the
status of foreigner visiting the strange world of technology and
computers.
But those who do inhabit this world, particularly the youngsters
in their late teens, catapult Israel to a highly respectable
place in the global rankings. "We just need to pick them, train
them, and prevent them from engaging in too much monkey
business," said a unit veteran. Once they're in, not even the sky
is the limit. In a world in which Iran is the same distance away
as Jerusalem and Windows software is available in Damascus just as
it is in Tel Aviv, Israel is mostly reliant upon the capabilities
,of the men and women of 8200.
Israel has been a pioneer in the development of cyberspace
technology. It is still reaping the fruits of its labor in this
field. Although the unit did develop a great deal of technology
of its own, it is still heavily reliant on software manufactured
by computer giants Microsoft and Apple. While we tend to view
each new technological development as manifested by the latest
gadgetry, 8200 sees it as a springboard to places that were
perceived as inaccessible and missions that were deemed
impossible.
It is this tendency of breaking new ground and being first that
has since its establishment set 8200 apart from its counterparts
in the world of SIGINT. Many stories have been whispered down
from generation to generation, and just a fraction of them, like
the contents of the conversation between Egypt's Gamal
Abd-al-Nasir and King Husayn of Jordan on the second day of the
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Six-Day War, have been made public.
Indeed, most of the information that has been gathered over the
years remains classified, either under lock and key in IDF safes
or ingrained in the minds of those in the know. The importance of
these data remains critical to national security, to saving human
life, and to understanding how developments and processes unfold.
They also shed light on the limits of power and the importance of
introspection in Israel and, in particular, the IDF, not just the
ability to look outwards.
In recent years, 8200 has undergone a dramatic facelift. It has
been transformed from a unit that mainly served at the whim of
the country's leadership to a unit whose work benefits both the
leadership and the troops operating in the field. This process
was first initiated by Brig. Gen. (res.) Pinhas Buchris, who went
on to become director-general of the Defense Ministry and also
the chief executive officer of Oil Refineries Ltd.
As commander of 8200 during the 1990s, Buchris introduced the
concept of utilizing information gathered by the unit for
tactical needs. It was at this time that Israel was engaged in
combat in Lebanon, where Hezbollah had posed a challenge to the
IDF. Buchris was wise enough to understand that the unit, with
its high-quality manpower, superb talents, and considerable
resources, could not remain on the sidelines while the army's
central campaign continued up north.
This process was greatly accelerated during the Second Intifada.
During that time, the unit scored significant achievements -- the
details of which remain hidden from public consumption -- in
intercepting Palestinian terrorism. 8200 devoted resources to
monitoring Palestinian terrorist activities in Judea and Samaria,
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helping IDF troops and Shin Bet field officers make thousands of
arrests and confiscate explosives, thus saving many lives in
Israel.
As part of their efforts, some of the unit's soldiers also began
to head out into the field to hone their skills in doing basic
tasks that were critical in the past but became nearly
indispensable during the Palestinian terror campaign, like
conducting operations on the ground instead of from distant
bases.
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A byproduct of these efforts was the establishment of a combat
battalion, the existence of which is being revealed here for the
first time. The battalion commander, Lt. Col. V., is an engineer
who served in 8200 as a conscript. "My wife complains that she
married an 8200 man but instead ended up with a combat soldier,"
he said.
The deputy battalion commander is a combat soldier from the
Paratrooper Brigade. There are also company and class commanders
who in years past were chosen from those who served in elite
units as well as those who fell short of completing pilots'
training course. Last year, the army began to recruit commanders
specifically for these positions within 8200.
By Air, Land and Sea
The first batch of soldiers who enlisted specifically for the 8200
combat unit completed its training just last week. It took 11
months, the first four of which were spent in grueling basic
training. Then came an additional month of training at the unit's
headquarters in Glilot, which was then followed by six months of
professional instruction designed to immerse them in the world of
SIGINT.
Afterward, they will be embedded with other combat units with whom
they will tag along on missions. They are tasked with two key
priorities: utilizing intelligence and technology methods to
quickly and efficiently thwart enemy plans; and tactical
intelligence gathering in the field. In the field exercise which
we witnessed, the troops were tasked with breaking into safes and
computers to obtain key information that would later be analyzed
by other intelligence agencies.
On routine days (if there is such a thing in the Middle East), the
battalion is stationed in 8200's base in Glilot. But the -
soldiers' daily routine is a far cry from the usual 9-to-5
experience that characterizes others' service at the base. For
these combat troops, it is a closed base. They rarely are granted
leaves to go home, and they are constantly placed on call. It is
rare for more than a day to go by when they are not summoned to
undertake a mission, usually in small groups of two, three
soldiers at a time. From the moment they are called into action,
they must follow the procedures that apply to all combat troops.
It is a process that entails hooking up with commanders in the
field (usually the brigade commanders) and the Shin Bet
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personnel. Eventually, the soldiers are integrated into other
combat units in the field, usually either elite commando outfits
or infantry troops.
Some of 8200's combat troops speak Arabic, and some do not. All of
them are trained in utilizing technological tools and solving
problems that are liable to come up during the operation. On
numerous occasions, they find themselves under enemy fire. "In
the last year, the battalion performed over 300 missions," said
Lt. Col. V. "In an absolute majority of these instances, these
were operations that presented problems that could not be solved
solely by technological means, so we were required to go out into
the field and find a solution."
In other words, the battalion combat troops incorporate the skills
they acquired from the "mother unit" of 8200 and apply them to
the field, where the terrain is much harder to cover. The close
cont act between the battalion troops and the regular fighting
units enables the combined force to come up with pinpoint
solutions while rapidly exhausting all intelligence and
technological means.
Most of the unit's anti-terror successes took place in Judea and
Samaria, but it has also distinguished itself in the air and at
sea as well as on other fronts. "During Operation Cast Lead, we
managed to come across some concrete intelligence in the field
that ended up saving a number of soldiers' lives," said Lt. Col.
Y., who heads the 8200 staff headquarters. "There was one
instance in which we found out that there were houses which were
booby-trapped with bombs and mines, and as a result operational
plans were altered and soldiers were instructed not to enter
areas that were certain death traps. This is a perfect example of
information that we would not have obtained unless we were there
on the ground, and that is why the battalion is so unique."
0200 Wants You for Combat
"There is a large number of outstanding young people who think
about joining 8200, but they eventually prefer to enlist in
combat units," said Lt. Col. Y. "The battalion here allows them
to get the best of both worlds -- they can be in combat, and they
can also be part of the unit." "His mother can tell her friends
that he's in 8200, and his father can tell people that he's a
combat soldier," said Lt. Col. V.
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While talking to the young combat soldiers who had just completed
their basic training and instruction regimens, it was clear that
the combination of cutting-edge technology and being deployed in
the field as part of a fighting force was the main thing that
attracted them to the battalion. "After I completed high school,
I was undecided between intelligence and combat," said Tirosh, an
enlistee from Rosh Haayin. "When they came to me and offered me a
spot in the unit, I sought out people who served there before so
that they could tell me exactly what it is that they do there,
since everything is so hush-hush here. I decided to give it a go,
and I got exactly what I wanted."
Still, when it comes to the perception among combat troops in
general, 8200 is fighting an uphill battle. Unlike the
technological sphere, where a high school student who excelled in
the sciences is exclusively claimed by the unit for service, the
battalion must vie for prospective soldiers who also have the
option of joining other combat outfits, many of which offer a
sexier, more attractive Q rating. To bridge this image gap, 8200
decided to reveal the existence of the battalion in this article.
"We want to reach new people, young people who do not know that
8200 is not just a unit that sits under neon lights from 8 a.m.
to 5 p.m. but that it is a place that also offers a lot of
challenging, combat-related things," said Lt. Col. A. "Our
advantage is that we offer a fusion of combat and technology
.The potency of the battalion is in its reliance on the potency of
the unit and its capabilities."
The appeal to the youth is designed primarily to highlight 8200's
combat battalion, which the unit hopes will make it more
attractive to prospective enlistees. The battalion commander
believes that the battle for hearts and minds is no different
than the battle in the field, hence the unit must take the
initiative if it hopes to reach its goals. The unit hopes to draft
two classes of troops to fill up its battalion every year so that
in a few years' time it will become a major player in appealing
to soldiers, much like the larger infantry battalions.
Appealing to the Masses
Officers in 8200 believe that the next war will dull the wounds
and residual bitterness of the Second Lebanon War. The unit
entered that conflict in 2006 ready to go, but its contribution
was near worthless. In the 35 days of combat, it invested great
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effort along the entire northern front, but its contribution was
virtually irrelevant. Perhaps its influence was mostly felt on the
strategic level, with 8200 analysts correctly predicting that
Syria would not join in the fighting. It did not, however,
provide the IDF with particularly valuable intelligence that
could've tilted the balance in Israel's favor on the battlefield
against Hezbollah and its leadership in Beirut. It also failed to
come up with any data that could benefit the soldiers fighting in
the alleyways of Bint Jubayl and Ayta al-Shab. There was a sense
that this unit, the vaunted 8200, was simply unable to deliver
the goods that would make the difference in the war.
The results of the war and the feeling of general irrelevance in
determining the outcome prompted 8200 to undergo an intense
process of introspection, all in the hope of making the necessary
corrections and being prepared for the next war. To that end, the
unit underwent numerous structural changes, just like all other
units in Military Intelligence. After the war, MI formed an
operational brigade whose main responsibility is to direct the
intelligence-gathering activities for military needs on the
ground and to make that intelligence accessible to the forces in
the field.
Meanwhile, 8200 was moving closer to the field and appealing to
the masses. It would no longer be the elitist outfit from Glilot.
Instead, its soldiers and officers have been present at every
large-scale drill and operation. The goal is to deepen the
understanding that without collaboration within the army, it will
be impossible to win the next war. The combat battalion, which
will be embedded with various forces, is a key element in this
wider philosophy, which IDF commanders call "operative
integration" of intelligence-combat maneuvers in real time.
From the vantage point of 8200, which is also known officially as
"the central intelligence-gathering unit," this is a dramatic
change. Its main task will be to provide early warning before the
outbreak of war. This entails audio surveillance and monitoring
of strategic sources, deciphering enemy plans, and providing
their superiors with the information that will enable them to
either prevent war or deal a pre-emptive blow. In the old days,
this was considered 80 percent of the work. Nowadays, the
situation is different.
Monitoring Social Media
In its annual intelligence assessment, which was officially
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presented to the government three weeks ago, MI determined that
the probability that an Arab country would launch a war against
Israel was very low. On the other hand, there was a dramatically
higher chance that war would break out as a result of unforeseen
events, like border incidents, large-scale terror attacks, or the
delivery of strategic weaponry to irresponsible hands.
Intelligence-gathering also underwent a wholesale change. In the
old days, there was only a need to decipher the intentions of a
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few leaders. Nowadays, there are a great number of organizations
and groups with conflicting interests and goals. The tumult of
the Arab Spring compelled 8200 to also begin monitoring social
media outlets, like Facebook and Twitter. The aim is to spot any
signs of oncoming change. The social media activities of
opposition groups and terrorist organizations, which were of no
consequence in the past, are now subject to surveillance.
One flashpoint is the Sinai Peninsula. Two years ago, Israel paid
scant attention to what was taking place there because of the
relative calm on the border, a direct result of the peace treaty
with Cairo. The fall of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, the
proliferation of terrorism in Gaza, the infiltration of jihadist
elements in Sinai, and the flow of refugees from Africa have
forced Israel to mount a concentrated intelligence campaign, with
8200 playing a significant role in this cause.
The unit is being asked to devote resources and means to this new
front. In years past, these tasks could be delegated to analysts
who had a particular expertise in matters related to Gaza, Egypt,
and global terrorism. Nowadays, there needs to be an integrated,
combined effort to thwart the triple threat of terrorist attacks,
migrant infiltration, and missile and rocket fire over the border
fence.
The combat battalion is just one small part of an overall campaign
to treat a regional headache that is growing more menacing. The
unit has made peace with the fact that the old paradigm of early
warning amounting to 80(-PERCENT-) of the military effort is no
longer relevant. Today, it hopes to be more relevant and active
during both wartime and calm. Those in the know say that the
results will be overtly evident in war, but those that are
classified will likely remain that way forever.
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Description of Source: Tel Aviv Israel Hayom in English --
Website of English-language version of Yisra'el Hayom, Israel's
largest circulation daily distributed free of charge; owned by
American businessman Sheldon Adelson, a staunch supporter of Prime
Minister Binyamin Netanyahu; URL: http://www.israelhayom.com/
(U) This product may contain copyrighted material; authorized use
is for national security purposes of the United States Government
only. Any reproduction, dissemination, or use is subject to the
OSC usage policy and the original copyright.
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Israel Hayom
Internet
Tel Aviv
Israel
25 Sep 12
25 Sep 12
English
GMP20120925738015
Translation/Transcription
OSC Transcribed Text
Routine
Israel
Middle East
Middle East
MILITARY, TELECOM, TECHNOLOGY, FOUO
CABLETYPE: FBISEMS ACP 1.0.
AlruIN
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