MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH AND LABORATORIES

• Document Type: FOIA
• Collection: FOIA Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 06492381
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• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 50
• Document Creation Date: September 12, 2023
• Document Release Date: May 17, 2023
• Case Number: F-2020-01156
• Publication Date: May 13, 1952

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' SigaISTIV�iturcuRITT 11
CENTRKL INTELLIGENCE. AGENCY REPORT NO.
INFORMATION REPORT CD NO.
,c0IMINTRY Germany (West Zones)
SUBJECT microbiology Research and Laboratories
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DiTE
ACQUIRED BY SOURCE
DATE OF INFORMATION
Cities in West Germany
/3AINIA452'
NO. OF PAGES 50
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THISMOC COVITAIMS INFORMATION AFFECTI10 TICE INAWONAL DRIENSE
OF TIM UNITED STATES WITHIN THE URANIUM' Or THE NUIPIONASE ACT SO
U.S. C.. 31 AND 32, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OM TN. REVELATION
Of ITS CONTENTS IN AMY U TO All ONAM11101211203 PERSON If IOW.
NIDITED DT LAW. 1112,110DUCTION Or THIS FOSS. IS PINOUSEITED.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
SOURCE'
1.
I traveled through West Germany visiting the laboratories
Of German scientists in order to discuss with them their work in the biological
sciences. I found the condition of German microbiology not healthy. There
has been little growth in this field. Microbiology in Germany may be practiced
in departments of public health, botany, chemistry, fermentation science or
soil Science but it has shown no spectacular developments as have been made
in the OB. Just as microbiology in West Germany still deals with little
else than the taxonomic and ecological phases of the field, so bact_rlology
in West Germany, which, in the German sense, means hygiene, public health
and medical microbiology and is taught end practiced in medical and veterinary
faculties and public health laboratories, has remained to a large extent
routine medical and sanitary bacteriology. This is due, in part, or course,
to the lack in West Germany of large antibiotic and. fermentation Industries
and also to the fact that West Germany has had. no recent need for BW personnel.
There is also little question that small budgets have slowed down scientific
development in West Germany but it is my opinion that the inflexibility of
the German system of higher education itselr had been the heaviest millstone.
The medical schools may train fairly adequate physicians but what the biological
sciences in West Germany need Most today are men with vision and ideas. In all
of my comments, "microbiology' is used to mean all aspects concerning the.
study of microorganisms, not only medical bacteriology. 'Biochemistry' refers
to the dynamic aspects of the field, as practiced by Meyerhof and Warburg.
Organic chemistry of natural products (by some also considered to be bio-
chemistry, a field that is poorly defined) still thrives in Germany; the same
cannot be said for dynamic biochemistry. The following are my specific observa-
tions of individual laboratories In West Germany:
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2. KAMMEIWIUMKUR INSI.Lxm FUER ZELLPHISIOLOGX!'
Director: Warburg, Professor Otto
The Kaiser Wilhelm Institut fuer ZellPhysiologie in Berlin is so well own that
I have little to add. It is a top-notch institute and, in terms of eqnipmen:�
it seems well provided..
Its director, Professor Otto Warburg, is a controversial figure and one can hardly
be neutral about him. One is either attractedlwhis unquestionable genius or
impelled by the intolerable arrogance Which he sometimes exhibits. Professor
Waebimmbas always been most charming in ray company and returned hospltality
which I extended to him in the US in 1948 most graciously. In terms or in,.
tellectual stimulation., I find, him very thought-provoking.
Professor Warburg has given his efforts during the last few-years toward establish-
ing the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis. I believe be is still following the
practice of hiring non-academic personnel (trained in schools to be technicians)
and further training them himself. He indicated that he would like 'omen, Feodor,
of the University of Munich, to take. his place When he retires.
Warburg thinks harshly of his former associates, Enbowits and Christian 9=7.
Enbowitz reported him to the Gestapo and-Christian embezzled funds As of
September 1951, Enbowitz Is doing chemical work for the Charitd Hospital and
Christian is. unemployed.
3. ROBERT KOCH IESTITUT FUER ECCGIERE UM) INFEKTIORSMAXECEIBITEN
Director: eas.clue, Professor
The Robert 'Welt, Institut filer Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten is a loosely
organized aggregate of various institutes in Berlin Which banded together in 1943.
It thus became a successor to the following organizations: Beldhsgess701.1.01tsamt
(Office of Public Health); Reichsanstalt fuer WasserwoULLuftguete (Institute for
Water and Air Quality); and the Reichsanstalt zur Bekeem&fUng der uebertragbaren
Krankheiteu Robert Koch (Robert Koch Institute for. Combating of Infectious Diseases).
Financial support comes from the Magistrat (City Council) or Berlin, although
attempts are being made to obtain funds from the federal_government in Bonn. From
What I saw at the Koch Institute, I was not overly impressed. by the programs In
progress, although the staff includes several good. medical bacteriologists and
immunologists.
I did not meet Professor Bruno Harms (born 1890), President of this institute.
He is violently disliked by a staff member of his whom: / )raowpersanally and Who
considers hid reactionary and completely incompetent. Apparently Professor Harms
came entirely from the field of public health adml,nistration and has done
scientifically nothing that would command. respect. From 1945-46, Harms was
Vice-President of the German Central Administration for Public Health Affairs
In the Soviet Zone. Since 19460 he has held. positions in West Berlin.
Professor Henneberg, Georg2heads the Division for Research on. Viruses and Vaccines.
During the levet few years he has been very much occupied with practical problems,
such as the testing of antibiotics, vaccines and. sera. He has latly occupied
bleselfwith the development of resistance that certain organisms develop to
antibiotics. In the virus field, be has been studying the question of Whether
hyalurOnidase influences the infectivity of the Influenza virus, also aerological
procedures for the diagnosis of the infiTIP.wria virus. Professor Henneberg is a
delightful young man (born about 1909), a fascinating raconteur and a capable
scientiet. Be isthe,son or the well-known fermentation microbiologist Who taught
at Kiel University. His mother was or Jewish ancestry Which caused him difficulty
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in following a teaching career. Pox several years therefore he worked at the
Sabering Company in Berlin. It is psychologically interesting to note bow
thoroughly Henneberg identified himself with Germany in spite of the hardships
that he must have suffered. HO is as vehemently-pro-German as be is anti-
totalitarian. He believes in. democracy but is a romaetim traditionalist to
Wham the word "antique" almost invariably means "venerable" regardless of
whether 'antiquated" may at times be a better synonym for it. Met, Henneberg
is a man with a conscience. He and, his vile make anemjoyable couple.. He is
now editor-in-Chief or the Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologle, Parasitenkunde,
Intektionakrankheiten und Hygiene I..Oriainale, which, illey* many other German
scientific publications, are printed In the East Zone (by Arbeitsgemeinschaft
medizinisdher Verlage G.m.b.H. and Gustav Fischer in Jena).
Raettig, Dr Hansjuergen, a member of the division for Research on Viruses and
Vaacines,.comes from the field of public health sad is working on the reproduction
of bacterial viruses. Also in Hennebergos group are Gilless, Dr HE, and. Healy, Dr
Wolfgang Jackimho recently spent some time in the DS meeting investigators working r
on bacteriophage.
The Division of Infectious Diseases is headed by Boecker, ProfesserEdamird,who
has done a great deal of classical work on the serological classification of
Salmonella. This division concerns itself with typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever,
dysentery, tuberculosis and rabies. I believe it is also in charge of testing
various disinfectants. 'Herrman, Dr Belau& is working on the diagnosis of
tuberculosis by serological means.
The Division, of Smallpox and. Parasitology is under the direction of Ginns, Professor
Heinrich A (born 1883). He has done research on eueephalitis, non-spore-forming
anaerobic organisms, focal infections, dental caries and spirilla in the mouth.
The Serology and Diagnosis Division is headed by Blumenthal, Professor George
(born 1888). Since 1947, he has held a professorship at the HuMboldt University
Iftich is located in the Soviet sector of Berlin. I a=:, not. know. Whether be still
holds that appointment. )1e is an Immunologist who has been working on dysentery,
anaphylaxis, serological diagnosis of TB, syphilis and most recently on the Rh
factor. Haekenthal, Dr H, is doing some interesting work jointly with Bierkowski,
Miss Eon the identification of streptococci by differential media.
The other divisions of the institute are Water and Air Hygiene, Physiology and
Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine, General Hygiene. These are geographically
located elsewhere.
4. GENETICS DEPARTMENT, BERLIN-BUCH
Director: Lueers, Dr Herbert
The genetics department of Berlin-Buch was formerly headed by Timofeeff-Ressowsky.
It is now a part of the Institut fuer Eedizin und Biologic den,DeutschenAksWemie
der Wissenschaften and is directed by Lueers, Dr Herbert.
Lueers Is a young (born 1910) geneticist who has publiehed, papers on the comparative
genetics of various Drosophila species and. on the genetics of disease-producing
organisms. BA has recently done work on the effects of photodynamic action.
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5. INEMTUT 70101 MLICROMORPROLOGIE, BERLiff-D&HLEK
_ .
Director: Professor Ruske, Helmut
The Institut fuer Mikrumorphologie in Berlin-Dahlem, is a good department,
staffed by competent and imaginative investigators.
Its former director, Professor Helmut Ruske (born 1906), is a first-class
biologist, who pioneered 'in adapting the electron microscope to the needs of
biological research. This development vent hand in hand with the work of his
older brother Ernst (born 1906) Who participated actively in the engineering
and. physical research that vent into the building of the Siemens microacope.
Heimutts earlier work has dealt with viruses and general ultrastructure.
More recently, his collaborators, Bringmann, Dr Gottfried, Helmeke, Jobann-Gerhawd4
and_Riebter, H (bead of the Microbiology Division -Biologische Zentralanstalt
fuer Land - und Forstwirtschaft - in Berlin-Dehlem and also of the Biologiscbe
Bundesanstalt fuer Land - und Forstwirtschatt In Braunschweig), have continued
his tradition and have done very interesting work, on the diphtheria bacillus,
Bacillus polymyza and blue-green algae. Their architectural visualization of
diatoms constitutes fantastically beautiful research.
BONN
6. HLGIallE-INSTITUT OF THE RHEINISCHE FRIEMBICH-IMUUMMMS urammesTrx
Director: Byer, Professor Hermann
In August 1951, the Hygiene-Institut of theHneinische Friedrich-Wilhelms
University in Bonn moved from an old, run-down building to the new campus
of the medical school, located. on Venus Mountain and is now housed in spacious
and modern quarters.
Professor Hermann Ryer (born 1906) is Director of the Institute and, in contrast
to most medical German bacteriologists, holds a PhD in chemistry, as well as an
MD. His leadership has been lively and shows much_initiative. His background
is indeed unusual. Before coming to Bonn In 1946, be taught at Erlangen and
Berlin but also had long affiliations (also in peace-time) with the German
Army as a sanitary officer. In this capacity, be had excellent facilities
to 'work in his-specialties which are virus infections and typhus fever..
During World War II, he headed the Typhus Fever Research Institute in Cracow
and, for that reason, is said to be on the PcaigatWar Criminals List. He has
also worked on the chemistry of insulin. He has been an editor of the Axchiv.
f. Beederwesen.
Also present at my meeting with Byer were two bacteriologists, Hunger, Dr Gerd
and Weigrer, Kurt, who represented Chemie Gruenenthal which is
located at Stolber/Rheinland. Both are young (born about 1910-15) and eager
to learn about US work in the fields of antibiotics_ Hunger is doing
pharmacological work, while Weigner is interested in the production of
antibiotics. Both gave high praise to Dr MUeckler, their research director,
whom they wanted me to meet. Apparently Mueckler -started their whole penicillin
production set-up by his own initiative without outside technical help. The
company baa now six 10,000-liter tanks producing penicillin. Weigner was born
in Prague and was one of Bernhaueros, Professor Konrad, students there. Weigner
speaks Czech perfectly and thinks of Prague with nostalgia. At the end of World
War II, be NSA made to leave Czechoslovakia because of his German nationality.
Hunger was quite outspokenly critical of US practices during and after World War II.
He was in a US POW camp and does not remember it to fondly. Weignerts attitude,
on the other hand, was much more cordial and fairly objective.
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Liao present at the meeting were Schulemann, Professor Werner, head of the
pharmacology department and. Stile, Dr Bernd, a young microbiologist Who
holds a research Appointment at the Department of Plant Pathology of the
University of Bonn.
Plekarski, Professor Gerhardlis well known for his work on bacterial nuclear
structures, investigations (some of Which were in collaboration with Helmuth
Betake) Which gave impetus to the recent emphasis on "nuclei" in bacteria.
Plekarski is young (born 1910) and primarily a parasitologist. From 1942-43,
be was a nether of the Heldhsgesundheitsamt In Berlin (Public Health Office)
and he has been on the staff of the University of Bonn since 1943. In addition
to research In bacterial cytology, he has worked on atabrine resistance of
maIsrlaparasites, trypaflavin resistance trypanosomes, and most recently on
toxpplasmosis In man. Also on the staff are Loesehner, Dr Hans, Seeliger, Dr
Heinz, Terhomv, Dr tudwig, Linzenmeler, Dr Goetz, Poethofen, 0r Heinz and
Halbeisen, Di' Theo,- none of ahom I net. _
7. PHYSIOLOGISCN CHIWISCHES iNSTITUT or THE UNIVERSITY OF BONN
Director: Dirscherl, Professor Wilhelm
From a physical point or view, the Physiologisch Chemisdhes Institut of the
University of Bonn is one of the most Impressive university laboratories that
I have seen in. Germany. It is ve/1 equipped (five Warburg apparatuses, polaro-
graph, beautiful balances,- needs Heckman apparatus), has a new attractive
animal house and Should be ready for high productivity.
The Director, Professor Wilhelm Dirscherl, is an active, cordial man who looks
much younger than he actually is. (born 1900). Be was a staff member at the
Universities of Heidelberg and Franurt before joining the University of Bonn
in 1946 as associate professor. He has been head of the department since 1946.
He has done recognized work on enzymes, alkaloids, insulin and steroids; his
main Interest lies In the mechanism of action of sex hormones. He indicated
that he avoided. membership in the Nazi Party as long as he could but, in order
to be given an assistant professorship at the University of Frankfurt, he became
a physiclan with the Hitler Youth Movement.
Of the younger men on the staff, the following should be mentioned: Traut,
Dr Hans, Bergmeyer, Dr Hans -Ulrich, Weingarten, Dr Friedrich-Wilhelm, and
yel7wrs. Dr AleIrmilaer. Dr Bergmeyer has published, an interesting series of
papers, 4OIntly with Professor Dirseherl, on a useful polarographic method
whereby oxygen and lactic acid can be conveniently determined.
8. PHAHMANOLOGISCH STITUT OF THE unImoszTr OF BONN
Director: SchUlemann, Professor Werner
The Pharmakologisches Institut of the University of Bonn Is a new, beautifully
equipped department that specializes on chemotherapy, electrophysiology,
industrial toxicology, cancer and organic synthetic chemistry. This Institute,
which consists of one large Impressive remodeled villa and a completely new
bwilAtng, was purchased and I believe also equipped-for 400 thousand marks.
The Director, Professor Werner Sehill...instnn, has been associated with the University
of Bonn since 1937 but held no academic post after World War II While he was
being denazified. Because of his industrial connection, I do .not think that
he suffered financially very greatly during that period. .In any case he did
not express any resentment toward the US. His interests lie mainly In the
chemotherapy of malaria.
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Work in electrophysiology is being done at the Institute by-Zapf, Professor
Hana-Friedrichoand industrial tokicology by Professor Zbbrhard.
Additianalmenbers of the department are FrieVer-,PDr Hans, Zeller, Dr
Herbert, and. Reuter, Dr Getrud.
9. CEENISCHES INSTITUT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BONN
Director: Belferldh, Professor Burckhardt
Professor Burckbardt Helferich, who is director of the Chemisches Institut of
the University of Bonn is a well-known carbohydrate and enzyme chemist.
He is a suave, knowledgeable man vile commands respect. The end of World War
II saw him as bead of the Chemistry Department at the University of Leipzig;
be remained there until 1930. Our discussion confined itself mainly to a
heat-resistant amylase isolated in a US laboratory and the chemistry of
streptomycin.
Professor Helferichys most recent papers have been on emulsin, maltose-
bydroiysing enzymes, isosalicin and Its hydrolysis, potato phosphatase and
inhibition of this phosphatase by phosphate and arsenate ions. With the work
on potato phosphatase, Professor Helfericb had the assistance of Stetter, Dr Hermann.
10. INSIirui FUSE PFIAIUMUOUUTEMBITEN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BONN
Director: Braun, Professor Hams
The Institut fuer Pflanzenkrankheiten of the University of Bonn has as its
director Professor Hans Braun. Stile, Dr Berndoholds a research appointment
In the department and just recently gavehiS first lecture as assistant professor,
an occasion that In Germany is accompanied by a considerable ceremony. Be is one
of the few people XIM000b0ObatiggrikERP-Whom I believe to be ccagletely moral, honest
and appalled-by the horror of the Nazi regime.
Dr Stille was born about 1914 and studied under Professor August Rippel-Baldes
of the Institut fuer Iiiikrobiologie at the Georg-August University in Goettingen.
He used.to work at the Reldhsforschungsansta1t fuer Lebenami-ttelfrischhaltung
(Research Institute for Preservation of Foods) in Earlsrnbe. While there, he
vorked on the keeping quality' of potatoes at high temperatures and. high relative
humidity, on the killing of microorganisms by cold, germination or spores as
function of temperature and relative humidity and the effect of ultraviolet
radiation on the growth of bacteria on meat. Sometime during World. War II, be
served. as navy officer, continuing research- on the preservation of foods. By
the end of World War II, be was a POW In a US camp (incidentally, the same one
in abldh Professor Sdhermer, Siegmund, Director of-the Tieraertzlidhes Institut
of Goettingen, was interned.) and, after release, joined-the University of Bonn.
He is being quite seriously_considered for an appointment at the University or
Tuebingen.
In this laboratory, I also met another Goettingen PhD, namely Svart-Fuedhtbauer,
Dr H, Who was. working on the resistance of certain bacteria to radiations.
She seemed like an -alert, impressive young woman and was very much Interested
in her scientific career although she was married..
Another micr0016Engist at Bonn who used to be a member of this department is
Winter, Professor Arrien Gerhard (born 1920), a plant pathologist and soil
microbiologist. Dr Winter has published 0n nitrogen fixation by blue-green
algae; a new method of determiningthe growth of fungi in undisturbed soils;
the effect of soil structure on the-infection of *heat with Ophidbolus graminis;
ecological relationships between OPhidbolus and other organisms; the significance
of microorganisms near roots in the resistance of such roots against plant diseases;
and symbiotic relationships between microorganisms In the soil and rhizosphere.
I believe that Dr Winter is going to open a private laboratory.
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11. TIEEMINTZLICEES INSILmul OF THE taxwanuxxx OF' BORN
Acting Head:. Mueller, Pr.ofeSeor'Riaisaid.
I was not very much impressed by the Tieraertzliches.Institut of the University
of Bonn. In August 1951, it was mainly interested. in_nutrition. physiology.
The only work on microbiology is an intestinal synthesis. The leboratcles
are fairly primitive but are provided with good. beim:Ices and a Geiger-Mueller
counting circuit for work that von-Eriksen Dr Lotharlplanned Dr Eriksen
received his doctor's degree at the Institute of Technology at Breslau from
*Isiah he tied. in 1947.
The acting head of the Institute was Professor Richard Mueller in August 1951.
The future research direction. of this institute is uncertain, and will be
determined by the interests of the new chairman who is still to be selected-
BRAUNSCHWEIG
12. xuW FU ER BAKTERIOT4Grs% UND SEROMOGIE BIOIOGISCHE BUNDESANSTALT FUER
LANDT- UND_TVMSTIMMECRAFT. BBAUNSCIPmETa. _
Director: Stapp, Dr Carl
The laboratories of the Institut flier Bakteriologie und Serologie Biologische
'Bmodesanstalt fuer Iand---.1xad Forstwirtschaft in Braunschweig are in tempora7y
_buildings but are fairly we].]. .equipped. for microbiological work. In quality of
personnel and philosophy of research, this Institute is similar to .many USDA
laboratories.
The director, Dr Carl Stapp, is approaching retirement age but is Still one of
the best-known _and. most Influential German general micratiologists. He is
competent and productive. With him are Bortels, Dr Hermann (born 1902),
Bercle, Dr Rudolfand. Bartels, DT' EL 1.redbt. Of these, Dr Bortels is best-known
for some.seemingly fantastic studies on the Influence of atmospheric conditions'
on micro-organisms. Dr Freter, Rudolf, a young assistant in Dr Stappls laboratory,
is working an the effect_of plant hormones on micro-organisms. Dr Stapp spoke
irivully of hint and. regrets that Fester Will soon leave him to go to the US.
The following are some of the projects that receive attention at the Institute:
(a) inoculation 0f seeds with Amotobacter (Stapp); (b) effect of Insecticides on
the soil flora (Stapp); (c) effect of conditions on the decomposition
of cellulose (Bortels); (d) factors affecting virulence of Phytomonaa tumefaciens
(Stapp); (e) resistance of. German potato varieties to Bacterium phytephtorum
(Stapp); (r) effect of atmospheric conditions on Phytomonas tabaZI-INCrtelar;
(0 serological method for demonstrating infection of potatoes by Mrvirus (Stapp
and. Bartels); (h) effect of age on the resistance to the X-virus (Bercks)._
13. momomiscas-Bumaimuummumpum LAND- JD FORSTWIRISCHAFT (FEDERAL BIOLOGICAL.
N:laaRINIENT STATION FOR AGRICULTURE AND FORE0221), BRAUNSCHWEIG
Director: Richter, Professor Harald
The direction of the Biologische Bundesanstalt fuer Land- und. Eorstvirtschatt In
Braunschweig (Federal Biological Es:periment Station for Agriculture and. Forestry)
has been handed over by Gee suer, Professor Gustav (born 1881), old plant.
physiologist and. pathologist also at the Technische HoChsChuae Carob o Wiihelmina
in Braunschweig, to Professor Harald_ Richter, a young (born 1902) mycologist and
plant pathologist.
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Professor Richter is also head of the microbiology division (Biologische
Zentralanstalt fuer Land- und.Ferstwirtschaft) in BerlinDehlea. TO handle
both positions, he mat travel _every week between Berlin and Braunschweig,
thus necessarily passing through the Neat Zone. He is a man of gentle
manners and seems competent.
Asaong some of the institutes of the Bundesanatalt dealing with microbiology
and etomology are the following:
a. Institut fuer physiologische Botnnik (at, Braunschweig): Gasanaz,
Professor 'Gustav (until. recently head), Haesebrauk, Dr Kurt.
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b. Institut fuer Resistenzpruefung (at Braunschweig): inhien, Dr Herbert
(director), Noll, Mr Allred.
0. Institut 'fuer Getreide- Oelfrueht- und.Gemuesebau (at E1e14itzeberg):
3Aeyer, Dr Walter, Pepe, Dr Heinrich, Breckmann, Dr Hans, Frey, Dr _
Walter, Buhl, Dr Claus. _ _
d. Institut fuer Obst- und-Gomuesebau (at Heidelberg): Oaten, Dr lingo
(director), Singer, Dr (letrud, Hechapfel, Dr Heinz, DusPlvar-Proressor
Franz, Khrenhardt, Dr Hens does some research on insect control.
_
e. Institut fuer Hackfruchtbau (at )nemster): Goffart, Dr Hans (director),
HailIng, Bow Allred, Steudel,_Dr Werner. _
f. Institut fUer Gruenlandfragen-(at Oldenburg): Mbercks, Dr Hans,
Richter, Dr Wolfram.
g* Institut fuer Kartoffeikeeferforschung und- bekaempfung (at Darmstadt):
Klein, Dr Ferdinand, T-nngF.Tibuch, Richard., Knethe, Dr Karlheinz
_
CELLE
14. INSTsaum FUNS vraummismanma IN =LEM
Director: Koehler, Dr Erich
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ihe Institut fuer Nlinsforsdhung In Celle deals mairoy with potato diseases
caused by viruses and, though in temporary quarters, is quite well equipped
for that type of work.
The Director, Dr-Erich Koebla.r (born 1889), seemed :well versed in the field
of plant pathology and-virus Infections. He has spent most of his scientific
career in governmental laboratories. He has a son studying botany, whom he
wishes to send to the US. .
Bode, Dr Otto, Quantk,_ Dr Ludwig, Hanschild,� Dr Irmgatd and. Voelk, Dr_JosePh
are eMployeds sciedWists in the tagureauw.
DAINISTADT
15. INSTITUT FUER KARTOFFILLKAKFZRFOREICHERIG UM- BRKANMPFUNG IN THE TECHRIEICNB
HOCNISCHULK, DARIEBTADT
Director: Klein, Dr Ferninand.
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ERLANGEN'
16. Bicaszasca-srammor.oGisatims INS Trxtrx OF THE ERn=ICS AT NR orirvEnarrr,
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Director: Knorr, Professor Maximilian
Microbiology does not thrive well in Erlangen. In fact, I left the
HYglenisch-bakteriologisches Institut of the Friedrich Alexander
University' highly depressed and. with the impression that, in Erlangen
particularly; German higher education has reached a depressing low. Until
very recently (to judge from.photographs_I was shown), this department was
in a frightful_physical condition. There has been some improvement and
same of the laboratories have been renovated and fairly adequately equipped.
Library facilities, though, are in a_sad state; since 1930, not even German
literature has cone in. The annual departmental budget (exclusive of
salaries) is 25 hundred marks which is, of course, much too little to keep
a department going in sound condition. Additional governmental funds are now
coming in for research on public b.,'.1.alth standards for Sherbet, mineral water.
Notwithstanding the poor financial condition of the department, 25 thousand
marks were requested recently from the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wiesen-
schaft for the purchase of an ultracentrifuge. Realizing the institute
director's present main interest in water and sewage bacteriology, I inquired
quite pointedly for what particular projects at hand such an expensive
instrument was needed and as anticipated, no reasonable explanation was
offered. To top it all, -6e assistant to the director confided in me that
the instrument he really would want to buy is an electron microscope, since
he enjoys photography so much.
Professor-mar-flirt-140re Ehorr Director of the Institute, (born 1695), has been
at Erlangea since 1950, where he received a chair of bacteriology_after a
period of denazification, Which resulted in his removal from Wherzburg.
Professor Knorr was ChbfElemitary Officer of the German Third. Air Fleet
during World liar II and, according to the comments made by personnel under
his command, be was a far from popular officer. His pomposity and arrogance
Wiste bard to take even by Germans. His appointment at Erlangen is supposed to
have been brought about through the political connections of his wife, whose
father was a well-kammaBavarlan general.
Knorr 's assistant is Borneff, Dr Joachim. He has Anrag. work an the effect
of urethane on antitoxin fermentation very recently.
17. PEDIAMMICS lawasearr. =LAM=
Director: Ad, Professor Alfred
Professor Alfred- Adam (born 1866) is head of the. Pediatrics Department in
Erlangen. He is doing,a considerable amount �f research on diarrhea in
babies and related. bacteriological problems,
Professor Adam took an active anti-Nazi stand very early in the Hitler era.
He held the chair of pediatrics at the Government Academy for Practical -
Medicine at Danzig from 19314-36 when he was removed because of his anti-Nazi
activities. .He kept on practicing in Danzig until the end of World War II
after which he was given the choice of headahips in Erlangen or Hamburg...
He accepted the appointment in Erlangen, a decision that he now regrets,
after having become aware how reactionary and Nazi many of his colleagues
still are. I am confident that Adam is trustwartny and pro-US. His son,
Hans, - who has studied in the US, is now attending medical school in
Heidelberg.
sEcasmjus oFFIc
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STIATLICHE BAEMERIOLOGMSCHE INFZERSUCHUNGRANSTALT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ERIANORN
=rector: Lentze, Professor Friedrich-Ankust -
The Staatliche BakteriOlogische Untersuchungsanstalt at the University of
Erlangen is a poorly equ.tpped public health laboratory.
Professor Lentse (born 1900) used to be acting bead of the bacteriology
department at Erlangen. He_has done work on actinomycoses and intestinal worms.
19. BOTANMSCHES liar-mum OF THE UNIVEBSITY OF ERLANGEN
=rector: Schwemmle, Professor Julius
The Botanisches Institut of the University or Erlangen is poorly equipped and
has very poor library facilities. Although not an outstanding institute,. It
is fairly well equipped for the interesting work on selective fertilization
which is the main project of the Institute Director, Professor Julius Schwemmle
(barn 180). Eight PhD candidates are working with him on various phases of
the work; three others are working with RuhIand, Professor Wilhelm (born 1878)
on water economy in plants.
Professor Julius Schwemmle is a cytogeneticist Who has been at Erlangen since
1930 after stays at Tuebingen and Berlin..
Professor Wilhelm Rufiland, a famous plant physiologist, is an honorary professor
at Erlangen. He began his sr.avismic Career In Berlin and taught at TUebingen,
Halle. In 1922, he became chatrean of the Botany Department at the. University
of Leipzig. After World Ear II, be fled from the University of Leipzig. As of
August 1951, he is living in a_castle at Unterdeufstetten ueber Crallsheim anclnmes
occasional visits to ErIangen_to consult with his graduate students. On such
occasions, he eats and sleeps in his office. Professor RUhlend has done very
interesting work on permeability, physical Chemistry of tissues and cells and
metabolism. He was one of the first to make early observations on the hydrogen
bacteria.
Haustein, Dr E and. Messrs Habryka, K and. Peschel, D, pharmacists, are engaged
as _ assistants.
20. CRE(XSTRI DERAEMMENT, ERMAEGEN
Weldschmidt-Leitz, Professor Emil (born 1894) is an outstanding protein
and enzyme Chemist and holds an honorary professorship in the chemistry
department of the University of Erlangen. He lives in. Munich and comes to
Erlangen. for occasional"lectures. Professor Weldschmidt-Ieltz was a
professor at the German institute of Technology at Prague_until 1945 When
be was made to leave Czechoslovakia
FRANKFURT
21. PAUL-ERRLICH-INSx.i.Tur� STAATLIGMEAMMUUCFGENEXPER1MENTEILE THERAPIE;
GIONG-497NEKR-HAUNI ammwommuummensamt FOROCHUMUSAMSTAIM); FERDINAND-
BLUK-IEStiaroW, FBAmT
Director: Prigge, Professor Richard
My general impression of the institutes, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Staatliehe Anstalt
fuer EMperimentelle Therapie; Georg-Speyer -Hans (Chemotherapeutisc.he Forschungsanstalt);
Ferdinand-Blum-Institut in Frankfurt is that they are both physically_and in
telleatmOly- mediocre. Although the physical damage is being repaired and equip-
ment undoubtedly will become better with time, I am not too confident that the
intellectual climate will become much more favorable.
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Asti-m:17y, considering the good reputation that the Paul Ehrlich Institute
enjoys among German bacteriologists, I was very much disappointed by my
visit. The excuse that the Institute, as a government laboratory, has to
devote a good. portion of its program to routine testing of vaccines, antisera,
and certain drugs, is weak, because even the 'pure research' aspects of the
institute seem prosaic and regimented. It is difficult for me to comprehend
bow a country, whose scientists beery the dearth of research funds, can afford
to waste as many competent investigators as are being wasted in these laboratories.
I hope that I am not too hasty In thinki-ng that the over-all organization of the
Institute is.not too flattering a reflection of its director, Professor Dr Richard
PWINES, Who has held this position since 1949. The method that seemed. satisfactory
for Dr Ehrlich, namely the systematic testing of potential chemotherapeutics for
their effectiveness, is still used. With this I have no particular quarrel; such
a search may eventnstlly lead to the discovery of important new drugs, as it has
In the past. Believer, little of Ehrliches vision and. pioneering spirit lingers on.
Spiegelmann, Dr is Dr Priggets first assistant. Since July 1951, Dr Spiegel-
has shifted positions and is now employed in a blood bank, doing research in
immunology. Dr Spiegelmann is a young (born about 1919) MD and endowed with a
fair share of enthusiasm, but not of unusually Impressive Intellect.
Spiegelmann introduced, me to Kroneberg, Dr Guenther, a young pharmacologist,
who is working on the pharmacology of the Flexner ..ndotoxin. Study of this
toxin is a pet project of Dr Prigge and is made with material prepared at the
Marburg sub-station of the Paul Erlich Institut from water extracts of dried
cells. Dr Eroneberg took his MD and. held. an assistant professorship at the
University of Rostock, Where his wife's family lives. He was a student of
Professor Holtz, Peter, a competent pharmacologist and. biochemist. Dr Kroneberg
keeps in touch not only with his former teacher but also with his parents and
parents-in-law in the East Zone. He is a level-headed, likable fellow, with
seemingly good scientific ability.
I was also fairly well Impressed with Bockmueller, Dr Wilhelm)andiSlegert,
Dr Rudolf, who used to be at the University of ifterzburg, but MOW heeds
the chemistry laboratory at the Peal Ehrlich Institute.. Re synthesizes a
good many of the compounds tried there. As of July 1951, he was interested In
the chemotherapeutic effects (mainly against tuberculosis) of long-chain fatty
acids.. A new drug against tuberculosis is still one of the principal goals
of the Institute.
Dr Rudolf Siegert, Who also Impressed me fairly well, is a virologist, also
originplly from WuerZburg. His interests are in typhus fever, Q.-fever and
neurotropic viruses. Re has concerned himself lately with the encephalitic
symptoms that sometimes follow vaccination against smallpox and has demonstrated.,
at. least to his satisfaction, that the vaccine itself can, under circumstances,
bring shout encepholitis. I had the Impression that Siegert knows What he is
doing.
Freund, Willy, a laboratory technician In his early sixties is testing aalvarsan
and. Making elementary analyses. He is enthusiastic about the US, partly, no doubt,
because his sister has lived In Newriork for about 30 years but probably more so
because his daughter married a US citizen and. has moved to the US. Freund has
been at the'Institute for many years and showed me a collection of Flarliches
origin...a letters, Which he rescued from the cultural enthusiasm of Nazi vandals
Who tried to, burn them.
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22. MAX-PMANCK imsTrTuT ram BIOPHISIK. FRANEFURT
Director: Bajewsky, Professor Boris
Associate Director: Ruth, Dr Hermann
The laboratory of the MIsoc-Planck Institut fuer Blophystk at the University of
Frankfurt is veil equipped. - Among other items, there are available two Siemens
electron microscopes, an:X-ray machine (built byHeuser, Dr Otto) 'which eventually
is to give one mill4on roentgens per minute (as of July 1951, the output was 60-80
a Warburg apparatus In 'which the damage of ultrasonic vibration on
1i%' tissues is evaluated by respiration experiments, two fine ultraviolet
meeblees and a Beckman spectrophotometer. HOwever, in relation to the equipment
and personnel available, the institute is producing relatively little original
research.
The director of the institute is Professor Boris Rajeveky, born in Tschigirin In
1893. Be has published widely in the fields of radiation biology. He is held In .
low regard, however, by several colleagues in the US Who knew him Well in Frankfurt
and. are not too impressed by his professional accomplishments and even less by his.
pOlitical reliability, as evidenced by his behaviour during the Nazi regime.
Professor Bajewsky is serving as consultant to the HICOG Scientific Research
Division and is held In fairly high esteem by that group. He was, In July 1951,
still President of the University of Frankfurt. He also was too busy with
administrative details to receive visitors.
Dr Hermann Muth, Associate Director of tbe Institute, was born in 1915. Re is interested
In radioactivity (neutron protection, radiations from radium, doeimetry) and high
voltage installations for medical purposes. If I am net mistaken, he functions
as business manager of the institute.
Hug., Dr Otto is a very charming nan, born about 1914.
Be took his MD at the University of Berlin and also beld a residency in pathology.
During World War II, Dr HUg served in the medical corps and was a Soviet prisoner
for four years. In prison camp, be studied Russian with the objective of escaping.
In spite of this knowledge, his escape proved unsuccessful. He event"-l/7 was
released because of poor health. Probably because of his lengthy army service,
De Rug is starting his active career as researcher rather late but be has a- great
deal of enthusiasm to make up for his beetiicap.. He Is choosing an academic career
In preference to clinical work in the hospital of his father. In July 1951, he
was doing post-doctorate vork in biophysics, his eyes directed toward the relation-
ship between the electronic pattern of certain compounds and their biological
activity.
Among the personnel I met at the Max-Planck Institute in Frankfurt vere the
following: Reinholtz, Dee a woman scientist.working on the influence of
temperature on the biological effects of X-rays; Hartmut, Dr, a high-frequency
physicist of impressive fluency and familiarity with his subject; Burkhart, Dr,
one of Liegegangts students, with Interests in the biologieal effects of gaseous
ions; Lippert, Dr Werner, a PhD from Frankfurt University, who was doing some very
interesting 'work on the electron microscopy of trout sperm, an investigation that
was to serve as visual supplement to the chemical data obtained. by Felix,'Professor
Kurt, of the Institut fuer Vegetative Physiologie at Frankfurt University.
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23. BYGIEMSCHES INSTITUT DER STADT UND UNIIINNSITAFT, FRANKFURT
Director: Schlossberger, Professor Hans
At the HYglenisches Institut der Meat in the University or Frankfurt, I found
the teaching and research facilities rather poor and opportunities for research
limited. Many of the departmental activities center around routine testing
and diagnosis.
I visited a new animal house that, typical of German circumstances, has not
very adequate provisions for temperature control.
Professor Hams Schlossberger, director of the Institute, was in Switzerland at
the time of my visit. He (born 1897) once taught at the University or Jena.
Moreover, he has been editor, or member of the editorial board, of a number
of scientific journals (Zentralblatt fuer lmmunitaeteforschnng, Zentralblatt
fuer HyKlene, Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie and Medizinische Monatsschrift
Ergebnisse der Hygiene). His interests lie in the fields or Immunity and.
allergy, especially in_leptospiral infections which, at the moment, are
receiving astonishititly much attention in Germany. Professor Schlossberger
has been at the University of Frankfurt since 1946.
His assistant, Schmidt, Dr Bernhard, has been an associate professor since 1948.
He was born in PiOWEarg In 1906 nnd, before jolning the staff of the University
of Frankfurt in 1946, held affiliations with the Universities of Goettingen and
Berlin. In July 1951, he was doing hospital work.
Brendle, Dr Bennie la a courteous young man
TEaTillbout 1916), somewhat Shy and. retiring, who is probably quite competent
In the diagnostic aspects of bacteriology. Aside from a discussion on his
.interest In Salmonella and bacteriophage typiag3;hovevew, my visit offered little
stimulation. I also met Dr Hausmann, Hans, a young (born about 1916) virologist,
but our conversation was too brief to allow much comment.
24. INSTITUT FUER VEGETATIVE PH/BIOLOGIE, UN'EVERSITI OF FRANKFURT
Director: Felix, Professor Kurt
The Institut fuer Vegetative Physiologic of the University of Frankfurt is
regarded by many German biochemists as-one or Germany's test departments or
physiological chemistry. By VS standards, it could be rated only as average.
Most or the work centers around the main Interest of the Institute's director,
Dr Burt Felix - protein chemistry. It is rather characteristic of German
universities that the direction toward which a department's investigations
mome is determined, by the inclinations or its head. For instance, Fend.]., Dr
ells -working on the separation of amino-acids from yeast; BOos, Dr Ladislaus,
ori.ginaL3,y from Hungary, on prothrombin; Dauen, Dr MM, on the transformation of
ptroyl glutamic acids by liver homogenates; Stamm, Dr Walter, on the chemistry
of npein-and zanthopterin; Mohr, Dr, on the nucleic acids of trout sperm
(trout sperm apparently contains only desozyribonucleic acid and. protamlne).
(The cytological work that acccmpanies Dr )4ohr's study was done by Dr Werner
Lippert at the Institut fuer BlophYsik in one or the relatively rare instances
of interdepartmental cooperation.) Zahn, Dr Rudolf icand.Iangendorf, Dr Heinz,
are working on the separation of 'proteins by ultrasentrifugation and other methods.
As far as equipment is concerned, the department has not Pared too badly; an
*ultracentrifuge, electrophoresis apparatus and flame spectrophotometers are
available. War damage or the buildings, however, was quite severe.
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During my visit in July 1951, I was well impressed. by Dr Felixts wide
understanding of biochemistry. Although he is not a great biochemist,
he is certainly a well-versed one. This became especially apparent to
me-during a lecture which be gave on the "Biochemistry or the Liver" at
the national biochemistry meeting at .Mainz, 29-31 Aug 51. Re presented
an excellent Integration or our present knowledge on that subject. By
holding one of the more recognized chairs of biochemistry in Germany,
lerofassor Feltz seems to wield a considerable amount of influence among
his colleagues. During 1950-51, he vas-president of the Soaliety--ror
Physiological Chemistry. He was born in 1888 and is not, therefore, too
far from retirement.
Among the younger men, Doctors Rudolf K Zahn and Ladislaus Roka seem
impressive. Dr Roka presented an excellent paper at the biochemistry
meeting at Mainz. Dr Zahn compladxmmlabout the lack of good refrigeration
facilities to do good. physical work with protein fraetions. He may well
have been spoiled by the facilities at Harvard University where be studies
as &Rockefeller Fellow. In any case, there Is little doubt that his
ambition to work on the physical chemistry of proteins is being someuhat
frustrated. in Frankfurt. To some extent this may be due to lack of facilities
but, even more so, I would venture a twee's, to the fact that Professor Felix's
Interest lies in the chemistry and. pb,ysiology of proteime rather than in their
physical properties.
GEISMT=04AM RHEIN
25. RESSISCRE IEHR- UND FORSCHUNGSAUSTALT FR MEIN-, OBST UBD GARTENBAU,
GEISENHEIM AM RHEIN
Director: Sehenaerl, Professor Hugo
I have never met Professor Hugo Schanderl Who directs the Botany Department
of the Hessische Lehr- undForschungsanstalt fuer Wein-, Obst und_Gartenbau
in Gelsenhete am Rhein, but he was mentioned to nm by several German scientists,
Inc-171meg Keehlwein, Dr Hans, of the Botanisches Imstitut in the Teebeisdhe
Hochschule Fredericiana in Karlsruhe. Professor Sdhanderl Is a student or
yeasts and a fanatic proponent or polymorphism. Because of his persistent
reports on that subject, considered by several to be the result of sloppy
technique, be is not too well thought of by his colleagues.
GIESSEN
26. BOTAN1SCHES INfteeei. JUSTUS LIEBIG nocasammx, GIESSEN
=rector: von Denffer, Professor Dietrich
Former Head: Kueiter, Professor Ernst
Professor Ernst Xuester (born 1884) is former head of the Botanisches-Institut,
Justus Liebig Hocbschule in Giessen. He is a well-known Ce11177yer physiologist
and cytologist and a delightful philosophical person. I attended an early
morning lecture by in the Amerika-Haus rather the* in a university lecture
room because of lack of facilities, and. his fine dramatic performance was well
worth my while. Our conversation was essentially-non-scientific. He was the
only one during my three-men-that visit -who, on bearing that I was a bacterio-
logist, exclaimed, "Oh, an expert in biological warfare. There -was another
one around a while ago.' I explained that my interests Lay in the field of
microbial physiology and biochemistry and we dropped the subject. His book
"Die Pflanzenzelle" was just published (1951) by Gustav Fischer in Jena.
Professor heater Is still editor of the Zeitschrift fuer sissenshaf�liche
Mikroskopfe und fuer mikroskopische'Technik.
8ECRETA23 owl
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27. 111/5X=PIANCK-INS.L.i.sul FUER HIBMWOBSCHUNG, *MMUS =BIG HOC J1 GIMMICK
Director: Spatz, Professor Hugo
Associate Director: Hallervorden, Professor Julius
The-Max-Plandk-Institut fuer Hirnforsdhung was situated In Berlin-Bush until
1944. It is new at the Justus Llebig Hochsehule In Giessen. Professor Dr
Hugc,Spetz beads the divielon of anatomy. Professor Dr Julius Hallervorden
heads the division of pathology. The division or pathology has, a fine slide
collection, but otherwise relatively poor facilities.
Professor Spatz was not In the laboratory When I called because he had
undergone, just shortly before my visit, a gall bledeer operation In June 1951.
Professor Hallervorden believes, without having actual experimental proof, that
multiple sclerosis is a virus infection.
28. Ingnammammislascams UND TLERSCUCHEN-INSTITUT JUSTUS ISEB1G-HOCRSCH0MM, GINSSMN
Director: Boots, Professor Einar
The facilities of the Veterinaerhyglenisches und Tlerseudhen-Institut Justus
Liebig-Rochschule in Giessen ere still poor but its director, .Proressor Elmer
Hoots, has progressive plans to build up his department. The laboratory has
high potentiality or doing interesting work In sislissl diseases. The execution
of some of these plans will probably be slowed drIvn by illness (he has had
tuberculosis and is still very Weak).. An ultracentrifuge was bought In 1943
but It la atIll iot,-,s...f.ked.becauee a suitable Place to house it has no7h:-Tat
been found. I
Professor Roots was born in Estonia in 1900 and still speaks German with a
distinct accent. He has been in Giessen since 1947. He is very eager to
develop a strong virus section and laboratories for that purpose are being
built.
In the administration of the department, Boots Is helped by Haupt, Professor
Herbert, Who is mainly interested in immunology and. milk hygiene. He considers
biological warfare ridiculous. There are only two agents (rinderpest and
psittacosis), Haupt and Roots believe, -which could be or importance.
About 40 DVM candidates do their thesis work In this department. Facilities
for that many research students are strIkiligly inadequate.
Among others on the staff are Geissler Dr Heinrich (recently working on the
biological effects of hemeeblorocyclohemesse), Venske, Dr Wolfgang, Vietze,
Dr Hans Ulrich (-working on leptospiral infections in dogs), Mueller, Dr Doris
(immunological reaction In Hang's disease). Demnitz, Dr Albert, former _
director of the Behringwerke in Marburg/Ulm, bat been honorary professor
at Giessen since 1950. Kemkes, Professor Berthold is the bead of the
Department of Hygiene at Giesser. Kemkes (born about 1901) was, until recentlY,
an associate professor at the University of Frankfurt. Re_bas-dealt, at one
time or another, with the social aspects of tuberculosis prevention of
tUberculosis,.dhemotherapy of pneumoccoca.1 infections, differentiation of.
capsulated bacteria, public health aspects of miik bacteriology and lactic acid
and pathogenic intestinal bacteria. I did not have an opportunity to see
Professor Kemkes.
Professor Roots Is especially eager to invite Schaefer, Dm Werner, who is one
of the most outstanding young virologists in Germany, to_joinhis staff. Professor
Roots confided that he could offer Schaefer only about 350 marks per mouth, an
amount which is only half the Enna that Schaefer is earning at Tuebingen. Three
hundred and fifty marks
ifi6roximately UB$927 is hardly a living wage for a married
man-
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29. PEYSIOLOGISCHE-CHENISCBES INSTITUT, JUSTUS LlEBIG HOCHSCHOIE, GIESSEN
Director: Fenlgen, Professor Robert
Professor Robert Feulgen (born 1884), who is Director of the Physiologisdhe-
Chemisches Institut, Justus Liebig Hodhschule in Giessen, achieved world-wide
fame by working out a reaction for the staining of nucleic acids (the so-called
Feulgen reaction). His other main contribution was on the chemistry of
acetalphosphatides. He has been in Giessen since 1919 and is now ready for
retirement. Professor Feulgen reminisced with me about his research on the
Feulgen reaction, Indicating that he never felt qualified enough to develop the
Applications of that stain. He is extremely appreciative of the US help he is
getting Which includes the gift of a Beckman apectrophotometer. In the sumwer
1951, Professor Feulgen had one technician and his research was more of a
gadgeteering rather than a basic nature.
The only other man of professorial rank In the Physiologische-Chemisehee Institut is
Behrens, Professor NE. Ae is a competent researcher Whose strength lies in in-
strumentation rather than ideas. He has made the fractionation of cellular com-
ponents his life work. He has not published. widely but has done ingenious research.
His separation method is based on the specific gravity of the components and the
suspending solution. He used lyophilization as a method of disintegrating cells.
Behrens was openly bitter over occupation policies. Apparently he was out of a job
for five years While he was being denazified. Re was a member of the party and was
dismissed at the end of World War II 'which be had. spent (partly at least) as
sanitary officer. He told me that he offered testimonials that he, While acting
as sanitary officer, let his truck be used 'by Jewish refugees in Rumania to transport
their belongings and that be did not denounce one of his men Who spoke out against
the Fuehrer, but the denazification board did not regard this evidence as overly
convincing. He considers the denazification procedure a big joke, inasmuch as it
was easy to obtain witnesses Who would give testimony to some Invented anti-Nazi
deed. He also deplored the fact that Germany was never allowed to reach the
height of its cultural development. There is no question that he has no love
for the T. Behrens expressed the desire for an ultracentrifuge (fox a department
that has a monthly budget of 800 marks to cover everything but salaries, a rather
extravagant wish) and was astonished by my question as to Why be did not plan*,
to use the one of the Veterinary Department. First, he did not realize that the
department had one; secondly, the Veterinary Department was situated too far for
him (a five-to-ten minute walk).
GOETTINGEN
30. InsTroyr FUER MIKBOBIOLOGIE IN THE GEORG-AUGUST UNIVERSITAET, GOETTINGEN
Director: Rippe].-Baldes, Professor August
The Institut fuer Mikrobiologie in the Georg-August Universitaet in Goettingen
is one of the few institutes in Germany 'which, although not doing world-slinking
research, is doing steady work in general microbiology. In fact, it is the only
academic, non-medical bacteriology group in Germany that was dignified by
departmental status. Physir.ally the department is not well off. The laboratories
are old; the equipment is inadequa..; and the library facilities poor. There,
as almost everywhere on my visits, I noticed an extravagant use of space. Professor
Bippel-Baldes showed me proudly his,calture collection, Where the test tubes were
lying, one layer deep, on generously spaced Shelves. Only the wall -space was
used, and. uneconomically at that, and the center unused, so that be would have
a good-looking-culture collection. Without being facetious, I Should guess that
his collection would have fitted quite adequately in a few baskets.
SECNOVIAS OW7r co'llf1;;LI
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Professor-Bippel Belden, the directoel
is rather hard of hearing. Professor Bippel assumed his wife's name, to
give him the hyphenated. Rippel-Baldes, not 'because of snobbish reasons but
to avoid. contusion with Ripple, Karl (born 1904), Vho was director of the
Department for Technical Mycology from 1943-45 at the Institute of Technology,
Weihenatephan/Freising and. now heads a seed. certification-laboratory at the
same place. Profeesor Bippel-Baldes (born 2888) Is a microbiologist who arrived
through plant physiology. His academic career brought him to Breslau as well
as Goettingen. He and his students have published widely in the field of soil
and general microbiology. He is now editor of the Archly. f. Mikrobiologle.
Also on the staff are Meyer, Professor Rudolf (born 1900), who claims to be
quite busy qith test-meg. Be has worked, off and. on, on. the decomposition of
cellulose and ecology of soil organisms. Although interested in research, he
seems fairly unproductive in spite of his_considerable intellectual curiolaW.
His wife, Pletschman-Meyer, Dr K, seems more alert than her husband end be
seems to depend on her to a considerable extent. Mrs Meyer has been interested
for some time in the motility of slime bacteria, a very fascinating subject,
and has worked competently in that field.
I also met Plotho, Dr OV, a dried-up woman of about fifty, Whose function in
the department I could not fully ascertain. She seems to serve as some sort
of-assistant and. has been interested for some years t'i the formation of humus
by bacteria and In pigments and antibiotics from actinomycetes.
Stolp, Dr Heinz seems to be Professor Bippells first assistant and turned out
to be an amiable young chap Who has his doubts About staying In the academic
field. He seems frustrated by lack of equipment and funds and is toying with
the idea of going Into industry.
Martin, Hans-Harllert�is studying fat-forming yeasts (Candida); Speyer, Eckhart,
TEZ�Fographic distribution of Cytophaga and the morphology and physiology of
this organism. Voss, Eberhart is Interested In the effect of salts on the
morphology of cocci. Kaufeann, Miss Wilfried concerns herself with the energy
economy of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria. rindeisen (fn-u) deals with the
formation or slime by Azotobacter chroococcum, and Klaus (fom), with the effect
of various factors on antibiosis.
31. HYGIEN18C1ES INSTITUT OF THE GEOEGnAUGUST UNIVERSITAET, GICEM:rwinummi
Director: Schuetz, Professor Franz
Microbiology thrives fairly well at the Georg-August University in Goettingen.
The work in the Hyglealsehes Institut is basic and good. The department has a
home-made electrophoresis apparatus and a preparative ultracentrifuge that,
as far as I eould see, was not being used.. This is a well-knit and active
department.
Its head, Professor Franz Schuetz, does not scientifically seem to be very-
outstanding. Until recently, for about five years, he was out of circulation
awaiting denazification. During that time, he held a laboratory job at
Luebeck(Staedtische Erardreamortaiten). When. Buerger!, Professor Josef;retired
as head. 0f the department, Schuetz was appointed to his post. Prpfessor
Schuetz' work:has dealt with gas gangrene organisms (Clostridium perfringens).
An active bacterial cytology group has developed in. Goettingen around the
:nucleus formed, by Preuner, Dr Rudolf, Winkler, Dr Annellese and Jensen, Joerg,
all of Whom are assistant professors. Their work is aided by phase contrast
microscopy and electron microscopy performed by Koenig, Dr Hams of the
Department of Physics. Dr Jensen is also Interested In the process of Spore
germination. Prittwitz,.Dr Jutta von, is a free-lancer working with. Dr Prepner.
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diSaTirrSis_ rk. Dr Winkler -is the oldest Of this young group (born about 1908).
Her interest in bacterial cytology is of fairly recent origin. previously she _
worked on immunolOsnrwith Westphal and an the neutralization of sulfa drugs by
boa]. anaesthetics. I was well impressed by this group. I met Dr Jensen several
times socially and found him and his wife' to be Sincere, clear-thinking individuals,
who, in my judammrin are very trustworthy. Jensen, incidentally, is the sOn of
Pre-sr...aeon "Demi Jensen, who used to bead the physiology department at Goettingen.
7be public health boratory, associated with the Hyglenisches Institut, is headed
by Kroeger, Dr Erica& Whom I did not meet. Dr Anne liese Wiesoer.apparently is
directly in charge of the work. Schubert, 'Professor Hamm was employed as assistant
there. He used to be at the University of Koenigsberg In East Prussia. Be has
published on disinfection, death of bacteria and chemotherapy. I believe be died at
45 during the summer 1951.
A privately snpported laboratory for Investigations on blood types is headed by
Dahr, Professor Peter (born 1906). Although / did not meet Professor Dahr, I did
hear him speak at the bacteriology meeting In.September_1951 in Mainz._ He seems
to speak authoritatively an blood types. Dr Budin apparently is associated with him.
32. 0RGAN1SCEensEEMISCHES INSTITUT OF THE GEORG-AUGUST UNINEBSITAET� GOETTINGEN
Director: Brockmann, Professor Hans
Some of the laboratories at the Organisdh-Chemisehes Institut of the Georg-August
University in Goettingea are beautiful and new. There are still a few left, however,
that haven't changed-mach since the days of Woehler and Windaus. It is refreshing
to consider how much basicniork Was accomplished In these exneedingIy primitive
laboratories.
Professor Hans Brockmann (born 1901), director Of the Organtsdh-Chemisdhes Institut
of the Georg-August University in Goettingen, and. successor to the -famous steroid
chemist, Windaus, Adolf, is one of the few German organic chemists interested in
the chemistry of microbial products. Althongb he did, like most students of
_Windans, work on vitamin D In his early career, he has oecupled himself during the
last fearyears with antibiotics, like actinomycin C ro r.in, pikromycin,
registnmycin and photodynemically active materials, such as Lepexicin, fargopyrin
and chromatography. Before coming to Goettingen in 1945 he was professor of organic
chemistry at. the University of Posen (now East Zone). Sinne Professor Brockmann is
interested in the organic chemistry of antibiotics,_regardless of their. therapeutic
ImPOrtence, he does not have to worry about the pharmacology of his products.
ProfesSor Brockmann deplores the present tendency of many scientists to think that
they cannot do good research without expensive equipment. He still insists that his
students use their ingenuity In building Apparatus. For antibiotic work, he has a
Craig apparatus and a 50-liter fermentation pilot taeor built by Grubhofer, Mr
Nikolaus, Who is 'one of the assistants. This tank was not yet 137i use In July 1951.
It Is the only equipment I saw in a German university laboratory designed. ,for
large-scale production of. micro-organisms or microbial products. From Posen.,
Brockmann brought with him Professor Lindenbetn, Werner (born 1902), Who is an
agricultural botanist and cytogeneticist and is hannisng_the microbiological aspects
of Professor Brockmannta programs. Dr tdmdetbsta is supported. by a grant from the
Notgemeimschaft, an organization that is sponsoring research, at the rate of 350
marks per month. Schenck, Professor Guenther,lean.assoalate professor in the
department. Among the assistants are Weber, Dr Erhard, Koenig, Dr Bans Bodo,
Firtgevrlir Evidla and Kluge, Mr Friedhelm. _
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33. PEYSIOLOGISCH-CLEMISCHES INSTITUT OF THE GEORG-AUGUST UNIVERSITY IN GOETTINGEN
Director: Deuticke, Professor Hans-Joachim
The Physiologisdh-Chemisches Institut of the Georg-August University In Goettingen
dld not appear to be very productive in July 1951.
Professor Hans-Joachim Deuticke (born 1898) has been head of this department since
1946. He directed work during World War II on alga/ lipids. This was a joint
project between his department and the botany department at Goettingen. In the
past, his interests have been in the intermediate metabolism of carbohydrates and
muscle physiology. He is cordial, Charming, well versed in biochemistry (he is
also one of the editors of pTlueger's Archly. faer die Gesamte Physiologie) and
level-headed. The department seems to be in good hands.
One of Deuticke's assistants, Denroy, Dr Georg Bruno, went to the US in the
spring 1951 on an ERP fellowship to do postdoctorate work at Yale University.
Hollnumna Dm Siegfried (born 1914) is an assistani: professor in the department.
34. BOTAN311CHE ANSTALT= OF THE GEORG-AUGUST UNIVERSITY IN GOElaanNGEN
Director: Harder, Professor Richard
Although my visit to the Botanische Anstalten of the Georg-Aagust University
in Goettingen was rather hurried, I was impressed by the quality of the institute.
This is one or the most active botany departments that I say in Germany and, in
a sense, reflects the very active career or its congestal, paternalistic
director, Professor Richard Barder. For microbiology, its ImportanCe lies also
in the considerable attention that Professor Harder has give to the study of
algae and fungi. This department participated in s project or. the production
or lipids by alga during World War II. This involved a rather primitive attempt
in the mass culture of these organisms. (I may add_ that the collaboration between
this department and the Department of Physiological Chemistry and the Department
of Hygiene and Physics for electron microscopy are some of the relatively rare
beginnings of team work in Germany.) The following are :some of the problems
under attack: effect of nitrogen source on synthesis of lipids, inhibitory and
stimulatory relationships among basidiamycetes and. mass culture of red algae.
Professor Harder (born 1888) came to Goettingen in 1932 via Wuerzburg, Tuebingen,
and Stuttgart. He is a plant physiologist by training and, has worked over the
years on phototazis of motile plant cells, photosynthesis, the function of the
nucleus and cytoplasm, phycomycetes, pigmentation in flowers, mass culture of
blue-green algae and photoperiodiam. Professor Harder 's influence on German
botany is considerable, especially through his association as editor or member
oi the editorial board of the following journals: Plants (since 1947);
Naturvissenschaften (since 1946); Diologisches Zentralblatt (since 1946);
Archly. fuer Elicrobiologie (since 1946).
Also on the staff are Schmitz, Dr Josef:, and Grosse-Brauckmann, Gisbert. I also
met Gaertner, Dr Al-win, one of Harder's assistants. He seemed to be an alert
Investigator.
The division dealing with taxonomies' and geobotanioal problems is headed by
Firbas, Professor Franz (born 1902), who has been an associate professor at
Goettingen since 1946 and whose interest lies in plant geography and plant
ecology.
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35. MUCRAENZTLICHES INSTITUT IN GOETTINGEN
Director: Schermer,'Prefessor, Siegmund
The Tieraerztliches Institut In Goettingentes only meager facilities for
diagnostic and research work and .does not seem to be very actively engaged
in research. An interesting pathological museum is available for teaching
pmxposes and the institute also has excellent X-ray equipment with which
animals can be conveniently X-rayed from any position.
Professor Siegmund Schermer (born 1896) has been at Goettingen since 1922 and
has published an the inheritance of blood gronps In mammals, Infectious anemia
in horses and. deficiency diseases. He is on the editorial board of the Berliner
Tieraerztliche WoChensehrift said. the Archly. fuer Wissenschaftliche und_prektIsche
Tierhellirmwdi, His attitude toward the US is colored partly by his pleasant
Armories of 19354 *hen he attended the International Congress for Veterinary
Science in Ithaca, and. partly by his 'shocking"' experiences In a POW camp in
Prance. I inquired from other inmates about the conditions of the camp in
ahldh Professor Schemer spent four and a half months. Although none found
life rosy there, none was as bitter about the "atrocities" committed by US
citizens In this camp as Schermer was.
Peters, Dr Juergen is assistant In this institute.
36 INEDIZTNISaalt aassoniaasmosematr DER MAX-MX= GESELLSCHEFT_, GOETTINGUN
Director: Thomas, Professor Karl
Associate Director: Nell, Professor Werner
The Madizinisdhe Vorschungsanstalt der Max-Planck GeeelIschatt In Goettingen -
is provided for luxuriously and-much more lavishly equipped than. most university
departments. Det only is the equipment excellent, but the library facilities
for German circumstances superb. This institute has three divisions (biochemistry,
physiology and pharmacology). Phyeically each division is situated on a separate
flcor. In spite of the fact that admirdetratively these three units belong to
the same.dapertment, each one has a. magnificently equipped. machine shop, with
trained personnel. Looking at the label that many of these instruments carried.,
I found they were purebased from fonds obtained from the High Commissioner MCCloy
(ftCloyelperde 1950). The distribution of isotopes shipped from Harwell is .
handled through this institute.
Professor Peri Thomas, director (born 1883), is an um:coin-11y active and. jovial
bachelor and is very enthusiastic About his work on branched fatty acids.
Thomas has a good reputation in German physiological Chemistry and, for many
years, he'd. the dhair In that Siald at the University of Leipzig. Prom 1946-49,
he headed. the department at the University of Erlangen. Be has been In
Goettingen since 1949. Professor Thomas has been one of the editors of the
famous Hoppe-Seylerls Zeitschritt flier Phyviologisdhe rhp.e4e since 1927.
As ferns I know, he vas not a member of the party; he seems trustworthy.
With Themes, work Weitzel, Dr Guenther (his on f=t17.7 acid.
research), rviete.aorte, Dr Anna-Maria, Savelsberg, Dr Welfgang,endWoIchn,
Dr JUtta. Professor Wrem-Arm Noll (born 1902),. the associate dliatetor, Is
head of the pharmacology division. Before coming to Goettingen, be taught
at PranalUrt, Danzig and Kiel.
Professor Thomas would very much like to see Lochner, Dr Wilhelm, Whom he
considers a promising young physiologist, come to the UG on an exchange program=
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37. REMBRAMPIIMIENIMBELIBCHAPT.., awantanacaucc A.G. GOETTIMGIEN
City visit to the Membrantiltergssellachaft, Satoriuswerke A.G. in Goettingen
was confined. mainly to a discussion with Beling, Dr Adelaide, a bacteriologist
ids� is developing the applicability of membrane filters in Microbiology, and.
with !Cease, Miss Gertrude, the business manager of the company. Miss Neese
informed, me that Hchleich and Schnell will be the US agents for the Goettingen
company and. that they will hr=1�"- a 'iteratia n. reo-t err
membrane filters published by this company.]
r(Researoh-am-assibraiee filters has
bean very activill-tn-.Germany,-and- I win -Ant02k1 the relatliyely widetbSoethese (b)(1)
filters have found.) (b)(3)
Dr Baling is Socriet rad fled. trem Kiev, so she rays, in 194-3. Her deceased
husband, 7W iveg, Professor Demetrius, was an ichthyologist who studied. the
hydrobiology of the D3xleper.and. the Desna. He taught at Kiev, "as in Posen
from 1911-3-45 and., thereafter, at Prendenthal. Afte Be3ing Pnplained that she
and. her husband resented being mere machines and therefore fled. the USER.
38- WIRKSL. B G.ni.b.H.SzE188-1111013:10 WEIMER WERKE4 GOETTINGEN
_
I visited. the Winkel, R (Zeiss-Winkel) Optische Werke in Goettingen
mainly because I had. heard. so many flattering comments on Michel, Dr Karl,
a zoologist turned. instrument designer, who is responsible for the _devel.opsent
of new microscope equipment. Although I an in no position to evaluate his
merits accurately, I was very such Impressed, by his ur-assrmyv g manner and. the
beautiful equipment that he built. Among the more recent products of his
ingenuity is a superb cinematographic set-up which will soon reach the German
market.
Dr Michel is one of the several former employees of Zeiss at Jena. (where he
kmev Hans Knoe3_1, industrial microbiologist). He left the E.ast Zone to come
to the West to the newly organized company,_Zeiss-Wirkw.1
HAMBURG
39. HIGIENI13=43 INST.L.W.0 DER HANHASTADT uravERsrrr OF HAMBURG
Director: Harmsen, Professor Hans
My visit to the Hygienisches Institut der Hansastadt-Hamburg at the University
of Hamburg served, to remind me that favorable physical conditions alone do not
guarantee high quality research. The emphasis of this institute is placed. on
the hobby of its director, Professor Dr Hans Harmsen, namely social hygiene.
With few exceptions, the licati
1 Many of the topics are trivial and it
Issib ntwo!il mottLenarpriaing that, in 195(3 alone the members and students of the (b)(3)
derpaut.MMote published 384_ papers a�� Professor Haresstin .(born 1899) at one tima:or another
wnsn'editor of Itha,tollawing.journalss GOSIAlldheittalltarSIO:C1208 Dienst sal loilii*,:,Archiv.
AilitAetetalaSEiliallitiartta, glatialettia land tandlieinkund40; ..AkkatilsX-SAttjkiltialinEnat-
Pdellibriathatt I2l'a:Beiraiiiii:eruitsf--#124Diltne. 'Recently he became editor or Steeditehraiene
11114.2,1,Uslidalkija;:, :Over _the.4pare, .he has dealt with such topioeLesLypp-
tiaiktaca- daguakri )40)2 rat", PrewentiOn ..of tuberculosis, proteOtive clothing,
salslesrglual reao*Onsi_thinfinevtrichlnosis,dperpologioal reactions during malerle, treat-
sliMain g.1.1Pntherla InelcUtienLissposrtancs or morn_ in nutrition. ,He is not h!ghly re-
by eane or his colleagues at tb. Uni3rersity of Hamburg nor by some other bac--
teriologiets in Germany.
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ruabner, Dr Feltz, an expert on leptospiral infections, is generally more highly
respected. His group is said to maintain the greatest aerological station on
Ieptospiral infections in Germany and is engaged In %peek on Well's disease,
Leptoeptra canicola infections, and field fever.
I also met Meircecke, Dr Georg, Who is studying morphological dhanges In yeasts
grown on blood agar and the occurrence of micro-organisms In living tissues
(symbiosis). Most sound German bacteriologists regard data on "symbiosis" vith
suspicion, inasmuch as the occurrence of micro-organisms within, normal tissues of
plants or animals can never be demonstrated by workers with careful technique.
The present concensue is to regard such "syMblents" as contamieents. Among the
more tangible accomplidhmente of Dr Meinecke is a magnetic stirring apparatus that
allows him, be says, to cultivate micro-organisms more rapidly.
Winkle, Profesaor Stefan (born 1911 In Menkaes, Hungary) is still viewed. by some of
his German eolleagues with suspicion. Dr Wirerle began his academic career after
Worldlier II at the University of Jena 'where he rose rapidly from an assistant
professorship (1945) to a full professorship in 1948. His researches at Hamburg,
conducted meiely on_the genus Proteus, have not been as spectacular as was his
profeslional advancement In the East Zone. Rimers have it that he was an active
Communist until he was requested to spy on his colleagues. This, be is said to
maintain he refused to do, and he escaped to the West Zone. He became affiliated
with the University of Hamburg In 1949.
Sonnenschein, Dean Curtoof the University of Wuerzburg advanced the view to me that
Dr Vrinlao may have left the East Zone with the blessing of the Cemmunists for the
purpose of keeping an eye on science In the West Zone.
Also among the staff are the following: (a) Werner, Dozen + De Bans (born 1898),
a food chemist, aho has published on the utilization or whale meat, spoilage of
animal and plant fats and detection and determination of email amouats of high
molecular weight materials Until 1943, he taught at the University of Posen;
(b) Mee-beans, Dr Karl (born 1910) who has dove research on tropical diseases,
such as kele azar, venereal diseases sedh as gonorrhea, pee insecticides and
parasiticides (le, dichlorodiphenyltriChloromethylmetheme); (a) Heasdhel, Dr
Johannes, Who recently published on the toxic effects of scillirosid on rats
(Sdheedlingsbekaempfengepp 42, 94-96, 1950). His field is zoology, mairoy
comparative physiology.
psYsIoLoGiscit-ammiscame UNIVERSIMARTSINSTITui, UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG
Director: Eeehnau, Professor Joachim
The Physiologisdh-Chemisches Universitaetsinstitut, University of Hamburg, is one
of the best-equipped., most compact departments for physiological chemistry in
Western Germany 'In spite of the fact that it is relatively unknewn in and outside
Germany. The equipment includes an ultracentrifuge, electrophoresis Apparatus,
a Debyy apparatus and fine library facilities.
Professor Joachim Heehnau, Who has been at Homburg since 1941, has been head of the
department since 1948. Before coming to Hamburg he taught at the University of
Frankfurt as a member of the Department of Physiological Chemistry which he,
contrary to my opinion, regards as one or Germany's best. Between 1931-40, be was
a. member of the staff at Breslau. Scientifically Professor Keeheau is interested
In vitamins and other problems of nutrition, a field In which to the best of my
knowledge be does not Shine However, judgieg from his superb lecture on the
function of the thyroid gland, given at &meeting of German physiological Chemists,
be mist be an impressive teacher.
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MIS Institute hes on its young and enthusiastic staff one or the best Young
Germaa biochemists, Buecher, Dr Theodor, who, as assistant professor, mill
undoubtedly aid ismeasurehbly_in building a strong department. The neatness
of the department and. the fact that amen of Buecher's caliber finds the
intellectual climate favorable there are a tribute to the Institute's director.
Der Buecher (born 1921), is mainly interested in the purification of enzymes
(especially those inveaved in carbohydrate metabolism) and the physical chemistry
of enzymes in general. This interest was no doubt nurtured by Otto
Warburg or the University-of Berlin, in whose laboratory Buecher worked for
several years. He is an excellent instrumentalist and has designed several
spectrophotometers, one (Photometer "Eppendort') that is being manufactured and
sold by the Elektromedizinieche Werkstaette, G.m.b.H., Hamburg. -His ultimate aim
in methodology is to work out determinations for such compounds as alcohol that
can be performed with the aid of enzymes and by relatively untrained personnel.-
ESoZessor Warburg considers Buecher very capable but too much concerned with making
money, a concern that Warburg considers unbecoming for a scientist. Apparently
Buecher's business dealings, which supposedly includelnterests in a small chemical
plant and the apparatus compaay alnmdynmmtioned, constitute involvements beyond
the call of his family needs. Although Whrburg did. not call Buecher a Nazi (and
in conversation with me Buecher certainly adopted an anti-Nazi attttude), he_did
express disappointment and chainthat Buecher used to listen to Hitler's speeches
over the radio with undue enthusiasm.
Among the other young men in EUebnauls department are: (a) glinsmueller, Dr
Volker, who Is working on the separation of peptides and proteins by paper
electrophoresis (a method very popular in Germany, and developed by Wieland.
Grassmann and others); (b) Gaede, Dr Earl,sho works oa hormone chemistry, and
(c) Bramstedt, Dr Fritzpiho is doing mein� acid analyses with micro-organisms.
41. INERC.LIIT2 FUER EXPERINENTELLE PAMOLOGIE UNA BAIREOLOG1g, UNIVEBSITY OF HAMBURG
Director: Gollwitzers(eler, Professor Dr Klothilde
The Institut fner experimentelle Pathologic und Selseologie at the University of
Hamburg is a small but impressive laboratory dealing with problems of circulation,
a field in 'which its director, Professor Golimitzer-Meiervis quite well-known.
Dr Gollmitzer-Meier was born in I89k in Bavaria, took her MD at the University
of Greifswald CCast Zone) and was an the staff of the University or Frankfurt
before joinIng_the University of Hamburg, where she holds now the rank of
Associate Professor. Her husband, Professor Kloetz, Christian, an internist
with scientific interests in the effect of radiations on the acid-base
equilibrium and heart diseases, is director of the Allgemelme lUankenhaus-
Berburg of the University or Hamburg. Dr Eloetz was also born in 1894. Both
are cultured individuals /with discriminating tastes in the arts. Politically
their opinions are moderate and quite cosmopolitan. Dr GollmitzersnMeler was in
the US in 1935 and lectured recently in the UM.
42. utavicesmmrs - FRAxmancia:NIE UTEDPOIIIIaINIK irigpAPZEKELST OF GMHECOIDGY),
UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG
Director: Schubert, Professor Gerhard
Professor Gerhard. Schubert now heads the Universitaets Frauersclisile und
Polisatsis (Department of Gynecology) at the University of Hamburg. He is a.
YOUna (born 1907), supposedly competent biophysicist. Before nominc, +0
Hamburg, he was at the University of Goettingen where he did research in the
field of radiation biology and radiation therapy.
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.���
OF HAMBURG
Director: Feme4g, Professor Josef
Professor Josef Kimmig is head of the Universitaets-Haut3c1.ie4k
(Department of Dermatology) at the University of Hamburg. He recently came
from the University of Heidelberg and is well-known In the field of chemotherapy.
He holds a PAID as well self)) and is unusually young (born 1909) to hold as
responsible a_position as he does.
He has pUblSdhed widely on sulfa drugs, paramIsobenzoic acid, relation between
chemical stLJoture and chemotherapeutic effect and chemotherapy of venereal
diseases. Colleagues at Heidelberg expressed themselves kis4-1y about Dr Kimmig.
44. IMPFANSTALT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG
Director- rehmese0 Professor Walther
The Impfanstalt of tic University of Hamburg prepares smallpox vaccine for the
city of Hamburg and is also responsible for the actual vaccinations. Some work
is being conducted on the growth of the smallpox virus in chick embryos and on
the survival of the smallpox virus under frozen conditions.
Professor Walther Lehmann, Who is director, is a tottering gentleman, Who looks
more like 70 these the 58 be is. He is helped by one tes-hsician. He has spent
some time in the US as a Rockefeller Foundation Fellow.
45. BERNHARD-NOCHT-INSTITUT FUER SCHIFFS- UND TEtOPICARRANEHEITEIT, VAINAsbITY OF HAMBURG
Director: Hauck, Professor Ernst Georg
Several portions of the Bernhard-Wodht-Institut fuer Schiff's- und Tropenkrankheiten
In the University of Hamburg were badly damaged In World War II and much is
presently under repair. The annual budget, according to Professor Ernst Georg
NAuck, Director, for the Institute, and for the hospital associated with it,
is 800 thousand marks. A fourth of this need is fulfilled from income derived
from the hospital; the remainder, however, comes from the city of Hamburg and
donations. Because of the international fame that this institute enjoys, the
atmogphere always has been quite cosmopolitan. Attention is 5s of the summer
195A/ being given to rickettsial and virus infections, such as Q-fever or those
caused by members or the genus Bartonella. Efforts are being made to study
the causative agents by modern methods and the laboratory is equieri with
an electron microscope, Tisellua electrophoresis apparatus and ultracentrit
_Ass
j Professor Ernst Georg Naudk, Director ot one Institut, is
one of the best medical bacteriologists in Germany. He is urbane, mundane,
foresighted as an Individual, competent as a scientist and talented as an
administrator. He begun his career at Berlin, spent the years 1924-27 In
China (AUchang, Shanghai, Peking), was, from 1927-29 in San Jose, Costa Rica,
and has been at the Institute for Tropical-Medicine since 1929, from 1943
(-when he was 46) as director. His research over the years has dealt with
anatomy, parasitology, tissue culture, tropical fungal infections, tropical
hygiene, acclimatisation, and viruses. In addition to acting as director
of the Institute, he also heads the division of virology, Where he is assisted
by Dr Dietrich, Algand, Dr Beishard'and several laboratory assistants.
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The division of helminthology is headed by Vogel, Professor Jehannes (born
1900) who has been teaching at the University of Hamburg sine 1934. _During
the last few years, he has concerned himself with causative agents of certain
tropical infections (SChistosoma japonicum, Bilherizia Japonica). This
division maintains an excellent collection of parasites as well as of
Intermediary bests. Manning, Dr W, and Desseer, De Jejare associates or
Professor Vogel.
The division of protozoology consists of Westphal, Dr A, Beichenow, Professor
Eduard (born 1883) (the former head) Who has been a steer member of the
University of Hamburg since 1921 (after having spent some time in Africa),
and WemeNaller, Dr E. The division concentrates new on. malaria, toxoplamosis
and dhanges in the serum albumen during infection.
The division of entomology is headed by Weyer, Professor Fritz (born e904) who
is a very enthusiastic researcher, with interest In the vectors for various
rickettsiae diseases, for Instance Q-fever, Leven, De Hlis also a member of
the division.
The division of bacteriology and. serology is under the direction of Lippelt,
Professor Heinrich (born 1906) who is -working on colt agglutination and
serology of Q-fever, Caselitz, De FE Is Lippeltas assoelate.
The division of veterinary medicine is led by Enige, Professor Karl (born 1906)
who has occupied himself over the years with diseases of fowl, borsee and dogs.
1;6. STAATEMNSeert ruts ALUMIEMEM HOTAHnCip maims= OF ErAMBulid
Director: Meeius, Professor Walter
The Staatsinstitut leer Allgemeine Botanlk at the University of Hamburg,
although damaged, has the promise of bacoeing one of the more active
institutes In Northern Gee...many This well partly be eee to the aggressiveness
and purposefulness of its director, Professor Walter Meveez, who is determined.
to build a strong department. Although the depaeteeet le not yet too well
equipped., Werburgnenemetry Is poseible, and other epparatee vile no doubt be
forthcoming. even now the botanical gardee and tee herbarium eontala very fine
collections.
Mevius is a plant physiologist but, to my knowledge, has not published very
actively In. the last few years. His main efforts have been In studies on
plants as indicators or soil fertility and similar problems. Coneidertag
this, it is surprising that he deplores the fact that soil scientists are
at times usurping the leadershlp in the flele of mon-medleal mecroblology.
He would, prefer to see it remain in the hands of botanists. Professor Mevius
began his academic career at the University of Muenster aad finally landed.
in Hamburg via Berlin and. after a detour to Muenster. I was toll that he held
the presidency of the University of Muenster sometime &wing the Nazi regime
which makes his political past uncertain. He Is active (born 1893), urbane.
One or Professor Mevius' akbitions is to build a strong microbiology d.115 ion.
For that purpose, he brought in Engel, Professor Horse, Whose interest over
the past few years has been. in the field or autotroehle bacteria, especially
the nitrifying bacteria. els demeanor possibly re:Mee-be hie frustrations over
an interrupted and stunted academic career. After an assistant professorship
at Muenster, he held an associate professorship at the Institute of Technology
at Danzig until the end of 'World War II. He came to the University of Hamburg
in 1948. In addition to work on nitrification, he has dealt with guttation In
higher plants.
Young Walter Mevius is working for his Professor Elagelgs direction.
We discussed. the Applicability of radioactive isotopes to his researches.
young efervies has studied. Hyphozaicroblum, an odd feleeentous organism requiring
eaebonedioxide. Mevius, Jr seems like an lethuslastic, bright chap Who talked
openly and'easley
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47. BIOCEIZEDIEHIE ABTKCIZINCA:, ClUaaSCEESEMUWaSammuixuT, UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG
Director: TSdhesahe, Professor Rudolf
The Bloohemische Abteellena, Chamisdhes Staatsinstitut of the University of
HaMburg is quite a-bit out of Hamburg. It is pleasantly located in a villa
but is very well equipped. EWah good work could be accomplished there.
Its director, Professor Rudolf Tedhesche, is cordial, intelligent and an able
organic dhemist. HO is interested in heart poisons from plants, steroid
poisons, pterids from, micro-organisms and the mechanism of action of =sulfa
drugs. At the fall 1951 bac-beriology-meeting In Germany, he teleed on the
medhanism of action of antibiotics. His -affiliation with the University of
HaMburg is his first elemificant academic post Irma:such as the Nazis refused
him permission to teach at German universities because of his "politica/
unreliability" (his comment). He, therefore, spent the time While the Nazis
were in power with the SChering Campaey.in Berlin and began his academic
eareer after World War II. Since be is one of the most capable of the
younger organic chemists, be may be offered the headship of a department In
the not too distant future.
Endres, Professor Gunther, Associate Professor of Chemistry at the University
or Hamburg, hare over the years, shown interest In nitrogen fixation by
-bacteria, plant eigments, bactericidal effects and reepiration or aerobic
bacteria. He was born in 1905. As a possible commentary on a German scientific
"Isolationism", it should be remarked. that Professor Tsdnesche did not once
mention ProfesSorierulress existence to me, much less his work, In spite of
his realization that I,mas Interested in meeting mioretiologists.
48. BUNDENSMALT FUER FORST USD HOISW1RISCHAFT, UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG
Director: Bavendamm, Professor Werner
Professor Werner Bavendamm, an Associate Professor at the Ueiversity of Hamburg
Who In 1924 published a monograph an the colorless end red sulfur bacteria,
now beads a division at the Rundesanstalt tmerForet ued Holsvirtschaft at
Relebeck near Hamburg. In that capacity be Is maimly c37.2..ermed, so I on told,
by Walter Nevlua of -the Staatsinstltut fUemAAleemeine Bstanik at
the University of Hamburg, with the deterioration.of weod.
49.
HANNOVER
INSMETUT -FUER FORSTBOMBIKUND TEUEN13CHR EYKOLOGIE, HANNOVEReEUENDE
.Director: Schmeeker, Professor Theodar
The Institut fuer Forstbotanik und Tedhnisdhe Mykologle (School of Forestry
of the University of Goettingen) at HannovereMUende is a very unimpressive
laboratory dealing with the taxonomy of certain fungi and their effect on the
deterioration of woods. This laboratory- has a fairly large collection of wood-
destroying fungi.
The Director, Professor Theodor Sebeeckee (born 1894), is a friendly Bavarian
Who still_ enjoys speaking a folksy peasant,dialeet but; if he has accompliahed
mach scientifically, I am unaware of it.
One or Professor Schmuckerle assistants, Linnommitmm, Dr Germaine, is a mycologist
with strong taxonomic leanings. She has published on members of the genus
}Decor. Meyers Dr Helmut Is another assistant. Falak, Professor Richard., formerly
with-this eepartment, spent much time In the TIREItm ,q111.1. is currently in the USSR.
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90. 4MidT1=1. FLOM MYKOLOGIE UND HOLZSCHUTZ, BIOLOG1SCHE BUNIMMANSINIMYUER LAND-
OW pcmgamaamocuArT, HANNOVER-MOMS
Director: Zychae Professor Herbert
The Institut fuer Nykologie undHelzschutz, Biologisdhe Beeeeeeeeeele fuer
Land- undForstwirtschart at Hannover-Muende is an inadequately housed and
pborly equipped government laboratory dealing with the deterioration of woods
and its prevention.
Its director, Professor Herbert Zycha (born 1903), is a mycologist and plant
pathologist who hoz been with the University of Ooettingee since 1940 and
an associate professor since 1949. He has published on deterioration of
construction woods by fungi; mushroom culture; and birch diseases.
51. INSTITUT FUER ANGEWANDTE CHEM= BIOLOG1SCHE BUNDESANSMALT FUER LAND- UND
FORSTWIRTSCHAFT, HANNOVER-MUENEIE
Director: Pfeil, Dr Erich
The main objectives of the work at the Institut fuer amgevandte Chemie,
Biologisehe Bundesanztalt fuer Land- und Forstvirtectieft in Hannover-Meende
center around the chemical detection of virus infeetiors in plants. It is a
fairly compact, fairly well equipped laboratory dealing with the study of
proteins by polarography, paper chromatography and. paper electrophoresis,
It is a needier institute or the Biologische Bereiesenetale at Braunschweig
which is now under the direction of Professor :Harald Richter, a mycologist.
The director of the institute is Dr Erich Pfeil. An. assistant, Kaneglesser,
Dr Walter, elaborated a polarographia method by which various proteins can be
distinguished. Apparently the proteins extracted from .3i eased. plants differ
polarographically from the proteins of normal. speeimene. The applicability
Or this method is still under investigation. Breyban, De Theodor is also
participating in this project. Another phase of ets work attempts to answer
whether avy specific chemical new be responsible for the symptoms characteristic
or various virus infections. Also therapy end eeology are receiving attention.
Ioeschke, Nr Volk:mar, is another chemist working in thi. laboratory.
52. BYGIENISCRES UND BANICERIOIDGISOB SeITUT� TIEHAERZTIaCHE HOCHSCHUIE, HANNOVER
Director: Wegener, Professor Kurt
The Hyglenisches utul Bakteriologisches institut of the Tieraerztliche
Hochschule in Hanover is a well-equipped laboratory specializing on eelmel
diseases. Its director is Professor Kurt Wegener (born 1898). Nitscherlich,
Dr Eilhard,_Wagenerts first assistant, specieltzes in tropical medicine. He
is a handsome, correct and matter-of-fact scientist. He served as veterinarian
during World War II and spent some time in a Yugoslav prison camp. Because of
his name, I wonder whether he is not related to MitecherlInh, Professor Ellhard
Alfred (born 1884), the famous plant physiologist and soil scientist, who is
professor emeritus of the University of Berlin and, to judge by his membership
and posts in scientific societies, very much esteemed by the East Zone
government. I discussed TB and leptospiral routine testing with Dr Mitscheriech.
He believes in the US method or eradication of tuberculosis in our herds. Another
problem receiving attention at the Institute deals with toxin-producing anaerobic
organisms (Clostridium veldhil type B which is involved in Iamb dysentery) and
toxin-antitoxin relationships. Studies on the flora of semen are also being
conducted.
Also a member of the deeereeeee is Hsr,eeeteseor Franz (born 1909) who is in
charge of the routine diagnostic functions of the Institute. He has_been an
assoeiate professor since 1947.
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53. BOTANIECBMS INSnarilT AT THE ammuummuumag ROMSCHULE, BANMOVER
Director: Simonis, Di- Wilhelm
The Botanisches Inatitut at the Tieraerzliche Hochschule in Hannover is a
spic-and-spaninewly built laboratory. Among some of the problems, other
-than photosynthesis, that are being studied there are dead-and-living stains
(this is a continuation of the effort by Strugger, Professor Siegfried who
beaded this department before be vent to the University of Muenster), the
effect of potassium and sodium on 'eater economy of plants and the need of
diatoms for silica. The department is well equipped with a Warburg manometer,
flame spectrophotometer, Geiger-1MUeller counter circuit, fluorescence and
research microscopes, good. photographic equipment, etc. It the quality of
the work approaches the quality of the laboratories, we can look forward to
some interesting work from Hannover.
The director of the institute, Dr Wilhelm:EL:monis (born 1909), is a plant
physiologist interested in photosynthesis as affected by the aster content
of soils and related problems. His assistant la Werk, Otto.
The work on blue-green algae is being conducted by Bichter, 1.1-oressor Oswald,
a heel-clicking, frieeely, elderly man who was born in 18/8 in Prague. He
spent all of his academic life at Prague, Br= and Vienna and. apeaks in waltz-
time. His Blue Danube type of charm seems a little out of place in Hannover.
54. WrawmTCHES UEDIEUMBOSES UNTERSUCSRANGSAMT HANNOVER MD STAATLICHE IFEVAIE3TALT,
HAREM=
--------
Director: Wiesserschmidt, Professor Theodor
The deplorable condition of ths Staatliches Medizinisches Untersuchungsamt
Hannover und staatliche Impfaxustalt in Hannover (public health laboratory),
Which is housed in a private home, may be indicative or a sPeewhat happy-go-
lucky attitude of its director, Professor Theodor MessersebmIdt. His careful
records of cases and sanitary conditions of each community under his juris-
diction, however, may belie my impression that this is or of the poorest
laboratories I have seen in Germany.
Professor Messerschnidt himself, born 1886, strikes me as a bon-vivant with
a twinkle to Whom bacteriology is more of a sport than a tread-earning proposition.
He certainly does not appear to be a keen research vorkem.
HEIDELBERG
55. HYGIENISCHMS INSTIWT OF TEE BUPRECRT EARL UNIVERSITYJ BE/DELBERG
Directo= nabs, Professor Horst
The Hygienisches anstitut of the Byprecht Karl University in Heidelberg, though
a member of an illustrious university, is not outstanding The department has
to do a large amount or routine diagnostic work and is not well equipped for
specialized bacteriological problems. Animal houses are quite satisfactory.
Its director, Professor Horst Stabs (born 1902), is a public health bacteriologist
with experience in water and sewage bacteriology, who recently held, a position
in the teeeeburger Medizinisches Ubtersunhungsamt While he was being denazified.
Binge", Professor Ferdinand (born 1906) has done relatively uninspiring stork on
scarlet fever, dysentery, virus meeiegitis and antigen-antibody relationships.
Bader, Professor Ernst (born 1912) has done most of his research with salmonellae.
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56. -INSTITUT FUER EXPERIMENTELIE KREIN3FOESCHUNG OF THE =TM-CM KARI. UNIVERSITY,
FirmigrzueRG
Director: .Lettre, Professor Hans
The Institut fuer experimentelle EXebsforschung of the Buprecht Karl
University In Heidelberg (Department of oncology) coneeerns itself mainly
with the synthesis of mitotic poisons and, their application. The attack on
the problem is frontal: a large reseher of potent4s1;:ylobibitarynaterials
are being tested against various cancerous cells useally in tissue culture.
As a by-product of this search, a. fund of knowledge is being accumulatea on
the mature and possible mechanisms of mitotic poisons. The laboratory seems
well equipped for the rork pursued. Set-ups for photomicrography and tissue
culture work are adequate. There are also facilities for organic synthetic
work.
The institute director, Professor Hans Lettre (born 1909) is highly regarded
as an organic chemist. He is one of the editors of the Zeitschrift fuer
Kmebsforschung. He attended the International Chemistry Congress In New
York in September 1951. Professor Lettre's assistant is Albrecht, Dr M
(born about 1917).
Among some of Professor Lettre's co-workers In the last fee years have been:
Hoelscher, Dr Herald, Fritsch, Dr Werner, Porath, Dr Jerker, Mayer, Dr August,
Pflanz, Dr Charlotte, Iettre, Dr Renate and. Riemensebeeider, Dr Werner.
57. MAX-PIANCS-INSTITUT FUER MEDIZINISCHE FORSCRUNG OF THE =PRE= KARL UNIVERSITY,
HEIDEIBEEG
Director: Kuhn, Professor Richard
The Max-Planck-Institut fuer medizinische Forschung of the Ruprecht Karl
University in Heidelberg is a first-class institute, with an excellent staff.
In terms of working conditions and equipment, it Is exquisitely provided..
Among other pieces of equipment, there are two Beckman apparatuses, a cyclotron,
columns for the iselation or heavy isotopes and an infrared spectrometer.
Professor Richard Kuhn (born 1900), the director of this institute, is a
well-known organic chemist she achieved fame through his papers on the chemistry
of natural products (enzymes, carotinoids, sex naormenes" in Chleanydemonas
and vitamins) For this work he won a Nobel prize. In the work on sex hormones,
be had the capable assistance of Moewus, Dr Franz (born 1908) 'who is, as of
August 1951, at the Botany Department of the University or Sidney. /n Knhn's
work on surface-active agents, he had. Jerchel, Dr Dietrich (born 1913) as
collaborator. Dr Jerchel studied tetrazolium salts which turned out to be
useful indicators of biological activity. Dr Jerchel also holds a teaching
appointment at Mainz and is eager to come to the US on an exchange appointment.
Other staff members include Bielig, Dr Hans-Joachim (born 1912), a capable
biochemist Whose research has Aealt with the chemistry of natural pigments
and most recently with the use of tetrazolium salts to indicate sites of
metabolic activity in bacteria; Moeller, Dr EF (born about 1906), also a
member of the institute. HA is a man of unorthodox habits, but well regarded
for his breadth of meleestanding of biochemical problems. He is studying the
metabolism of lactobacillus plantarum, antimetabolites and acetylcholine
synthesis bytacteria. He also developed an apparatus that alloys growth of
uniZormly active bacterial cultures, an accomplishment of which is is quite
proud.. Also active are Quadbeck, Dr Guenther, Birkhofer and Ruellu.s, Dr Hams W.
Professor Richard Kuhn now hasareseardh set-up at the University of Pennsylvania
'which be is to visit a few months every year on a research appointment His
future intentions as to Whether be will stay in Germany or come to the US are just
as obscure as vaa. his relationship to the Nazi regime. One of his men, Zilliken,
Dr Friedrich is already in Philadelphia, and another, BUellus, Dr Hans W, was to
Immigrate to the DS in the fall 1951.
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One of the assistants at the Institute is Cords, Mr Helmuth. I know him
sadists family well and believe then to be very trustworthy ilmaivtd=418
lOr Coeds, Who was &captain in the artillery in World War II, participated
In the ill-fated putsch against Hitler an 20 -Jul 44 and was.arrested and
imprisoned until the ead of the war. Arter the war, he vas sent, through
arrangement by the armed forces, to the OE where he took his MS in Chemistry.
He is now working for his PhD in Heidelberg and hopes to receive it by the
spring of 1952 when he vill immigrate to the US.
Mr Cords is working under the direction of Wieland., Professor Theodor (son
of Professor Heinrich Wieland. of Munich), an excellent protein chemist who is
directing research at Heidelberg. Professor Wieland, as or August 1951, in
addition to his Heidelberg position, is also associate professor and bead of
the laboratory for organic Chemistry at Mainz. He was oZfcred the headship of
the Chemistry Department at Yrenkrurt in the summer 1951 and may have accepted
the appointnent by now. In young Wielaul's recent work, of great interest are
his paperelectrophoretic method. (ma inexeensive say-of separating proteins from
their mixtures and indicating their purity) and his work on the chemistry or
amanitin and. seimiloidin. Both are highly poisonous peptides produced by Amanita
phmlloides. Because of their low molecular weight, these materials are probably
aar allepely antigenic This, together with their extreme toxicity, make them
(especially amanittn) potential agents. In doing this work, young Wieland
is merely continuing & family enterprise that began with papers by Wieland Sr,
Lynenrand others in Munich.
ILUISLZUST
58. FABBWEBKE HOECHST, HOMERS"
Farbeerke Hoechst, until the end of World War II, &member or the I G Farben
complex, Is now under UE supervision. The laboratories that I had the opportunity
of seeing are well equipped.
Lindner, Dr Ftz,is bead of the biochemistry division. The four sister teams
(synthetic organic, pharmacology, chemotherapy, and parasitology) Which constitute
the unit on pharmaceutical research are headed by Ehrhart, Professor Gustay.
Dr Tl-tenar, a former steeert of Fischer, HAne,at the Institute or Technology in
Munich, seems quite well informed matmained, although be probably arrived at
his present position more by perseverance and seniority than by brilliance.
Dr TAnarg.r.8 political record, which he discussed freely, is interesting. He
is one of the very few individuals Whom I net who feels somewhat responsible
and guilty over the role that Germany played after 1932. Soon after Hitler came
to power Dr Lindner joined the storm troopers (BIL) mainly because be vas anti-
Semitic. In 1935, be transferred to the transportation corps (National
Sozialistisches Kraftfahrer 'corps) and, in 1937, be joined.theillami Party
(KEMP). By that time, be says be had become quite unenthusiastic about
Nazism and. thereafter became quite inactive. After World War II, be was fired
because of his party membership but was rehabilitated in 1949.. Between these
dates, be had to move from his various dwellings four times at very short notice.
In spite of his various experiences -which most Germans would view with unconcealed
resentment, he shows little bitterness toward the Allies. Germans committed so
many sins, be reasons, that some of the annoyances that he and others had to-
experience seem relatively Insignificant by comparison. Dr Lindner seems much too
unsophisticated to be a very successful hypocrite. I believe he regrets his
mistakes. Particularly interesting to me was the large-scale lyophilization
set-up that Dr eAliareve� developed several years ago.
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In Dr Lindner 'a laboratory, I met Stauff, Dr Joachim, a physical Chemist
Wrking =ACRE and. related. problems (involving electrophoresis, paper
chromatography, Warburgmanceetry). Dr Stauff also holds an assistant
professorship (Dozentur) at the nearby University of Frankfurt. Dietzel,
Dr Ernst, a bloChemist formerly at Goettingen, and. WalThaeuser, Dr Karl-Heinz,
a microbiologist Who took his PAID under Professor Blppel-Baldes at the .
University of Goettingen, make up a team at Hoechst Which. Is seeking new
antibiotics by pretty much the same methods as are being used In the US.
Farbeerke Hoechst has only recently entered the antibiotic field, and. has
now a modern penicillin. plant, which was patterned after Merck US designs
and is beleg run under a license from Merck.
The only fermentation process other than that for biosynthesis of penicillin
used at -Hoechst is for thaProduction-of meld enzymes. Aspereillus oryzae
-is grown in large, oval, covered, metal dishes; the mYeelium is -then gromml-
to give the Hoechst preparation 'Vestal's that contains lipaSes, hemicelIulases,.
amylases and. proteinasee and. is supposed to Ameliorate certain digestive
disturbances.
Kreutfeld, Or, Koernlein, Dr Max,andMiock, Mr (NS), Who were formerly students
of Professor Andreas_Lembke at the UnaWFsity of Kiel, are now fermentation
microbiologists at the penicillin plant of the Farbyerke Hoechst. Koernlein
collaborated. recently with Leabke on a, paper Aeellykg with the detoxification
of botulism toxin and the toxin of Salmonella enteritides.
Vacner, Professor Oskar, head of the Division of Parasitology, shoved me through
his yell-equipped laboratories. Dr Wagner enjoys microphotography, an interest
reflected in the type of equipment his laboratory possesses. His research
background is in helmintholog7 end. tropical medicine; his publications in the
early thirties dealt with amoebic dysentery. Dr Wagner also holds a teaching
appointment at the Justus-Idebing-Hochschule at Giessen.
I also spent considerable time with Fusagaenger, Dr IR, Who heads the Division
of Chemotherapy. Dr FUssgaenger is qUite cynical and not overly sympathetic
to occupation policies. He is remarkably sensitive About the fact that
Mogen, Eugen meowed. him in the first edition of his authoritative and
horrifying book about German concentration camps (Der SS Staat) of parti-
cipating in typhus fever experiments with Inmates _of concentration ceMPs.
Dr FUssgaeuger pleads ignorance. (In this connection, Mr Lautschlaeger,
former German director of the Farlawerke Hoechst, dhould_be_mentioned. He
was accused at the Ntirreberg trials of corannine experiments with humans.
Alter spending two years In jail, he was acquitted.. *He is now at EaberfeId
and thought to be very bitter about his experiences.)
_
Stephen, Dr 4t7, who heads the bacteriological production unit, elbowed se
his laboratories that are being used for the production of vaccines
(Micrococcus pyrgenes var. aureus; Salmonella typhosa, Hamophilus pertussis),
tuberculin, and diphtheria antitoxin.. Although incubation facilities are good,
no facilities for sUbmerged growth are available. The old animal houses,
still in use, are those Used. by Koch and Eehring and leave much to,be desired.
New animal houses were being_built but even these will not have air-conditioning
units, a not uncommon US convenience.
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59. BCOMMUMMEMIEBTIumi OF THE TECHMESCiatiKKMMWMOME FRESERICIANA, KARLSRUHE
Director: Faber, Professor Ulrich
The Botanisdhes.Institut of the Technische,ROChadhule Fredericiana In
Karlsruhe is not an impressive department from any point of view. Its
director- 11,rivrestakevr� Ulrich Weberlis a relatively unimportant, botanist
interestd in pharmocognomy.
On the Institute staff Is Knehlwein, Dr Hams (born 1911), a young micro-
biologist. Although I don't think that Iamb/vein's background in quantitative
microbiology is very good, be is an enthusiastic student of the.myxobacteria
and has wade interesting contributions to their taxonomy. Mtyxobacteria and
the metabolism of a wood-destroying fungus is receiving attention In this
laboratory.
Go. musansTaux FUSEL LEBENSMITTEINRISCHHALTUNGtillfl KOMI:KM:RUNG OF THE TocaarzscHe
HOCBECHUIJI FREDERIciArtA KARISEK3BE
Director: Plank, *Professor Itudelf
The purpose of the Bundesenstalt fUer LeberismitteIfrischhaltung und Kenservierung
of the Tedbnisdhe Hodhschule Predericiana In Karlsruhe is to do research on food
preservation, and a team of:engineers, biologists and. physicists are assembled
for this purpose. Conditions are very crowded, but the building is being
enlarge& so there will be more comfbrtable quarters for the staff. The
institute is fairly well equipped but-techniesily, it seems to me4smch less
advanced, than equivalent food laboratories in the US.
The director of the institute is Professor Rudolf Plank (born about 1886). Be
is a world-wise man and received me with utmost warmth and coraislity. Be has
an excellent reputation as an engineer and taught at the University of Texas
in 1947. Be has recently again bassn.invited to lecture at 2exas-and the
University of Illinois but cannot accept the invitation because of kidney
troubles. AmparerProfessor Plank kept his hands quite clean during the
Ansi regime and became president of the Institute of Tsc4mology. In addition
to directing Thl�eanstm1t fuer Izbev=7:44ttelfrisczhltaltung und Kenservierung
of the Tedhnisdhe HoChsdhule Fredericiana In Ear/srUhe, he is also Dean of the
School of Mechamical Engineering and also directs the Maschlmen-Laboratorium
nit Heiz- und Kraftwerk and the Kaeltetechnisches Institut.
The associate director of the laboratory, Knprianoff, Professor Johann, is a
refrigeration engineer. Be was born in Russia in 1904. Two other Soviet
emigres are employed In the Institute, namely Wolodkewitsch, Dr Nikolaus
(born about 1901), a physicist who designs some of the gadgets used for the
physical testing of foods; and. Maltschewsky, Mrs Nadeschda (born about 1901),
a. microbiologist Who is doing work on Asetobacter. She has an almost mystical
belief In morphological transformation of this organism. Mrs Maltsdhewsky
fle& from the USSR sometime during World. Mar II and. has been working In the .
Institute since then. She abstracts Soviet journals for the Biologisdhe -
Berle/ate. Also on the staff are_Gutechmidt, Johannes, Burke, Heinz; and
mcntrort; Lothar, all engineers - Wolf, Dr JOhannes, a plant chemist;
Riedel, Dr Leonard, a Physical Chemist; and. Winter, Dr Erwin, a Chemist
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ICIIIMALIMIC/ vi.Ar
KEEL
61. Bamsraiowaiscass zusTrzuT nea icesaicintismanuum FLUB ializinintESCHAIPT, EMI.;
XNEEMCUT FUER WIRUBFORWMUMI1AW1COMMHIMOMTEIZIK3OD111111, BIELBECK BEI =Tiff
Director: ,Lembie,A"roTessor Andress
ThelUddmmiologisdhes Institut der FtursChungsanstalt fuer MildhwirtsChatt In
Kiel is a federal-supported.; institute. The Institut fuer Virustorschung und
Experimentelle Medizin, SleIbeck bei Rutin, is a private institute having
some federal -support. Both are directed by Professor Andreas Leabke These
institutes are actually separate fran the University of Kiel although many of
" their staff and ZeMbke, himself, lecture at the University.
The long-term objective of both institutes is to determine the changes that
such parasites as the brucellae and the TB organisms bring about in the
ellzywatic make-up of the host. This goal is being approached in Holiywoodian
grandeur by a staff that consists of approximately sixty professional and non-
professional members.
Leabke, Who was born in 1911, is somembat of &Hutchinson in the German
scientific world. He became -director of the dairy institute in 1938, When
be was only 27, and developed the Sielbeck Institute taimly by his own
initiative. I_have faith in his ability. Lembke is a forceful man and
apparently can deal with German Otficialdom.to his own advantage, as is
evidenced by the excellence of the eqpipment and facilities housed. 'in his
institutes. Under the present German circumstances, this can only mean that
Letbke is a, very persuasive and. persistent visitor to Bonn or that be has
considerable pull. Hangover Leabke is not only dynamic but also sensitive to
beauty as expressed in the ilrts and. music, or imaginative scientific experi-
mentation. As a scientist, be is sugpsummitical of others', as well as of his
own, work and is painfully aware of how meager the German contributions to the
fleId-of microbiology have been in the last few years. He is especially
impressed by the work of.MaddZ Di Stuart (University of Pennsylvania), isoulaieson,
-mmm-
Br Forest (M1,47.1emn Stave �.0.,J.J.ego) amelMoun,.Dr Werner (Camp Detrick).
Among his colleagues at the dairy institute, -Professor LeMbke ims the following:
Dierdhen, Dr Wo1.5,who is working on bacterial morphology with emphasis on
the existence of a nucleus and the occurreiCe_of mitosis (an excellent
Sipmei*.electroa mictoscope Is available for this work). �Kruspr-Thitmer,
Dr Bokehartjis studying metabollait and-AtaininiLreactions;:amOng the .More specific
probleasi-in litach�he_la interested is �tbs-erfeet-iif-blood fractions on brudellae-
ICaufmann, Dr &la7 is cieRlielg with the -changes in blood, serum and. Salk during
infections_by TB and brucellae. Lileck Di ;investigates the affinity with
abldh the substrate-enzyme complex is beId together in the case of several
systems. Special attention is vaid to the extent to 'which antibtoticz alter
this affIaltY. Lagicsa, Dr inu is in ebarge of testing pasteurization apparatus
and disinfectianmethods_Mbich are applicable to the dairy industry. On the
more theoretical side, Lagoni concerns himself with-reducing enzymes in the
-hope of determining What enzymatic reactions govern the Initial steps Involved
In cellular division. Meewes Dr Icarl-Heinzer bad-ZicHecker: 7-
deal with the pure culture collection. DellAch, Dr Heinrich (as well as Dr
Meemes) has same temeling duties as assistant professor at the Uaiversity of
Kiel. (Characteristic of LeMbke's educational philosophy was his crImmf..at
that Meewes was his least capable assistant and, therefore, in charge of the
teaching.) Christephersen, Dii is studying various problems or bacterial
metabolism and adaptation. .
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At Sielbeck, the following are associated with Professor Iembke: KarreAt,
iTnEAME in physics) Who is doing biophysical work (electrophoresis, pelarography,
enerAmemeasureftents); Wassertall, DrIPET a mathematician; _von Rappart, Dr
ere" research
is studying iji-eirio7FREFiegyof brucellae; Lembke, Dr Lt who is
ing search on animal nutrition and Pharmacology7-Weelt Lembke-is Andreas*
brother. He first took a doctorate in music and then became interested in
science; his musics], ability benefits the Whole staff, inasmuch as the institute,
Itiedeled villa, houses, in addition to scientific Opipment, a small but fine
.); Arndt, Dr G,who is experimenting with large ee/mele; Frahm, Dr H, a
p icist who is serving as Iambics's right-hand man at Sielbeck; aad Schmidt,
Miss ;who is studying the effect of the TB organism on enzymes of guinea pig
lungs.
In the Luebeck branch laboratory, which I did not get to visit, Bellinger, Dr K,
arreDramatziey, Lii2u7 work on animal therapy, tuberculosis and brucellosis In
cattle, statisticasamlyses of epidemiological data. (A recent paper by
Bellinger, written with Zebbke and Dr Max Koernlein of the Parbwerke Hoedhat,
dealt with the detoxification of botULUmi toxin and the toxin of Salmonella
enteritidis.)
Conallering the large amount of Mitreablaer expended In these laboratories, the
output no far- has been disappointingly small. It seems Incongruous for LeMbke,
who possesses Intuition and imagination; to be so confident that mass production
of scientific data will give him answers to his problems. In my many discussions
with him,.I became aware of the fact that, in his scientific thinking, he considers
himself the general Who sets the strategy- and his staff the goad little soldiers,
who may know how to use their Orme, perhaps even know- who the enemy is, but who
are unaware of tactics and strategy. Subconsciously- he may be trying to imitate
the pa system of team work but be is unaware that the most effective team work
is accomplished by specialists Who are tervlIeg 1m-common problem, information
on-which is- equally accessible iaD them. To illustrate: be will have both
groups work on the Acme problem (to-dheck data) 'without having either of
_them knnw What the other one is del:Pg. Each Of his L6 graduate student
beallese a specialist in.detemninUg a:certain enzymatic-reaction. Lembke
-101.7;1AUstaLpaSS am enormous emount of test material (such as eeeected tissues)
through the hande of these-Students:who will diethe_:analysis for :which they are
respopeple with a great deal of accuracy. - By pooling all the data, he then pieces
the story together. Each JealeidUal student, bOwever, sceneqeite ignorant of
what is gotag- on: In spite of al] these criticisms-aLd the fact that he probably
� bas a good. many enemies because of his influential eoeition pnii personal wealth,
I think highly of LeabkLos intellectual ability and. look fOreard to some good
work from his laboratories. Be is one of the fear men in German717 with a keen
interest in the basic nature of micro-organisms coupled with a good. medical
background. Some Of his former students, MreuzfeId, Dr, Knernlein In7Maxiand
Bock, Mr (MS) are now fermentation microbiologists at the penicillin _plant of
_the Parbwerke Hoedhet. Politically, LeMbke is violently anti-Communistic, as I
learned from his cOmments, and strongly,pro-PI and pro-US. -He told me he joined
the Nazi Party in 1932 when he vas-still a student at Goettingen because of his
anti-Communistic tendencies. He soon became disillusioned and. became inactive.
After World War II, hives in UK custody for a While but was e*entimily released.
and reinstated in his position at the Institute. As far as I .an ascertain,
his belief in democracy as a way of-life is realistic and seems quite sincere.
62. CHHISTIAMeALHMSCHMS uNivensimoLT, KISL
Although I did not get to visit the bacteriology-and biochemistry departments
at the University of Kiel, I did Obtain the following information on scientists
working there. Mose, Professor Franz, head of the Byglenisches Institut since
1946,-is melely interested In socialbyglene. SW40,. Professor Heinrich, is listed
as specialist In tropleal medicine. MaSsen, Dr Willy (born 1910) has been on
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*he simar since 1244. He is interested in aerological problems concerning
typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, dysentery and�typhus; staining of TB
organisms; concurrent and terminal disinfection of TB; pasteurization of
elIk ieusden, Professor Friedrich Pals has been at Kiel since 1946..
'Netter, Professor Hans (born 1899) has been head. of the Department of
CheMistry_and on the -staff at Kiel since 1927. Be is
interested in the physical Chemistry of cells (cell potential; condition
of calcium In serum; ion equilibrium on membranes; behavior of sodium in
theverkingmuscle; ion exchange on, muscle). Erich,DmBeinz bas been an
assistant professor since 1949. Hoeber, Professor Rudolf, was head of the
1Thysiology DePartment at Kiel It-am-1935-33 until he became professor emeritus.
KOMLN
63. BIGINNISCEE3 1AUT1TUX OF THM usIvxmarm OF KOMIM IN MOM
Director: Mueller, Professor Heiner
The Byecnisches Institut of the University of Koeln In Koeln is a dilapidated
institute. Since the-building that housed the department before Worldlier II
was destroyed, ammunxtecturer's home had to serve as departmental headquarters
when typhus fever beam Spreading after World. War II and. Profeesor Reiner
Mueller, the director of the institute and one of the old. (born 1879) esteemed
teacher; of medical bacteriology, was asked to open public _health facilities
right away. Conditions were extrImnelypaimItive; for example, a table toll
an sc-bath tub served as working beadle. Things haven't greatly improved since
thee. � Although the b1l11A-1T% has .central heating, no connections have yet been
smAs and the roof is still missing. Fortunateaytbis bliilfilog used. to house a
� -testing laboratory of the Vharmadeuticm0. Association and, therefore, provides
the department with at least a few of tb-e;comforte of a laboratory. Nevertheless,
it left me very much depressed. The laboratory is performing mainly routine
public health functions. or research equipment I saw only an instrument for
fluorescence microscopy which lineller claimed. vas developed at this department.
The University of Koeln is a city-supported. school (receiving also some state
funds). Since Keeln was badly deitroyed., many buildings need either repair
or have to be reconstructed. There are, however, not sufficient funds to satisfy
the needs of all the departments.
Director Mueller has written several textbooks and. has been broudly interested
in medical bacteriology, also from a historical point of view. He must have
become a fixture at Koeln, having been head of this department since 1913.
Be visited the US, I believe, in 1919. Mueller claimed that he escaped
membership of the Metional Socialist Party but that he served as consulting
sanitary officer during Worldlier II.
Also_on the staff are Guth, Dr Otto, first assistant, Breda, Dr, Lempfrid,
Dr, and. von VI ffScheele, Dr Baran. The latter may be related to the
aeronautical engfneer von Vietinghoff-Scheele,-Baron Konstantin (born 1911)
who vas a scientist at the Diotoren-Institut der Duftfahrtforschtuigsanstalt in
Braunschweig.
614. PHISIOLOGISCH-CHEMISCHMS INSTimum OF ISE UNIVEBSITY OF NDMIN, KOMIN
Director: Klenk, Peofessor Ernst
The Physiologisch-chemisches Institut of the University of Koeln in Koeln is
attractive and well-equipped.. It specializes in the work of its bead, Professor
Kreat EIenk, namely lipid Chemistry (mere gpecifically the chemistry of nervous
tissues). The usual apparatus, high vacuum set-ups, is available and there
are beeut1fu]. me +r4ilroom and a new large research laboratory.
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Professor Nrnst Mei*, who was born in 1896, is a doctor or natural science
(he also has an honorazsrhM). He was at Tuebingen before assuming the
headlhip at 'Wein in 1936. He was a Nazi Party member. (Klenk is another
ezample of a non410 heading a department of a German medical faculty.)
Among other things, Professor 1E/auk's present interests are focused on a
new nine-carbon hydroxr-amino acid Shish he calls "neuramin acids" :Pe
Boehm/Wild 3%0 Lauensteln, - act as assistants in the department._
65. IEBTEVOTFLIER GAERUNGSWIRSRPISCRAPfUND ENZYNOEINCER OF THE UssvmRSITT CF
KOMILIF. ROIL.
Director: Fink, Professor Hermann
The Institut ruer Gaerungswissenschaft undEnzymehemie of the University of
Xbeln in Koeln is one of the few fermentation departments in Germany. It
specializes mainly on yeast fermentations. The institute is in the process
of organization. Reny laboratories are under construction and instruments
are not yet too abundant. A. Warburg apparatus is available. Library
facilities are poor; according to the Director Who has to rely, like many
other scientists, very heavily on reprints. Central library facilities,
I was told by several people, are satisfactory.
The Institute Director Professor Hermannleink (born 1901) is an old, hand.
in the yeast business :trid i.e supported rather generously by the brewing
industry. His practices are highly competitive and not always regarded as
above-board by same of his colleagues. During the Demi regime he was
supposed to have been an importeult somber of the your Year Plan and he is
not ummil2Ing to Implytbis to his students. Academically be was a member,
at one time or another, of all three of the important fermentation institutes
in Germany, namely the Institute of Technology of Munich, the University or
Berlin and, since 1948, Kneln. He received, me warmL,y, although he had to
meet at the same time with several directors of the brewing industry for a
research conference. He looks more like a successful businessman than someone
who woul4 feel comfortable in an ivory tower. His list of publications,
which des/ widely on various aspects of yeast chemistry (fat formation, yeasts
� as source of proteins and biosynthesie of vitsmies), belle this impression.
I also met Franke, Professor Wilhelm (born 1903), Who Is a well-real bio-
chemist and Who is interested in much more fendamental aspects of microbial
chemistry than Fink is. He was trained at Munich, In organic chemistry, and
also taught there fora while in the Chemistry Department under Professor -
Heinrich Wieland, before accepting an associate professorship at the
University of Wuerzhurg. He remained -there until the end of World War II
when he was dismissed because of his affiliation with the Nazi Party. From
194-55.12When- he vas "denazified", he held no academic post. He is now again
An .associate professor, althoughshia'ezaet status is a little obscure to me.
Franke hassdote Interesting work enzyme intermediary,
metabolism, 'and I coneider-him cOMpetent.- He is considered e "man of the
world". He knows sane Russian. � s
Other research at includes Work on the Vitamin B content of
beer; purine azidase (Franke),; utilization of proteinsBehlie, Dr Ilse);
sugar determinations in molasses (Ruecker); metabolic Changes In germinating
seeds (Franke); a comparison of methods for the determination or amino acids
(Reinbera, Bernd). Weinberg is a Canadian 'who received his BE In chemistry
from Toronto.- He is now working toward. his PhD **Ski Fink. He has very
distinct and quite open Rommainistic leanings. .
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MAXIM UMBER JMOMMURG
66- 13KROBIOLOGiSCELMS rAnost umw GIBaEP UNTERSUCEMINGOSTELLM,
31AIIIMK.UKBEMDMENESUMG
Director: Schwartz, Professor Wilhelm
' � � . . � � .
I am not certain 'whether the Milmtibiologisches Iaboratorium und Hyglenisch-
Bakteriologisehe UntersuChungsstelln is a private or government laboratory.
Its director, Professor Wilhelm SchvartzAborn 1896), vas formerly at the
Institute of Technology at Karlsruhe. He_is,vorking now on petroleum
bacteriology and food. preservation. In addition to his duties in Mrahlun,
he also teaches general microbiology and microbial ecology at the Institute
of Technology in Braunschweig. Be was to present a paper at a bacteriology
meeting In Germany In the late summer 1951 but did not apvear. I do not know why.
MARBURG
67. HIGIZNISCHRS Lau 11131,IXPS UNIVERSITABT MARBURG-LASH
Acting Director: Schmidt, Professor Hans
The Byglenlaches Institut of Phillips University in Marburg-Ti is satisfactorily
housed ftnd quite well equipped for microscopy, medical and general bacteriology.
The institute does routine testing for Marburg and. vicinity. The monthly budget
is three thousand. marks of which lii. hundred marks are fixed expenses (light,
postage, packages).
Frannenstiehl, Professor Wilhelm, the former head of the Hygienisches Institut
Phillips Univarsitaet iderburg-Imhu, vas a very enthusiastic Nazi. As consulting
bacteriologist to the SS, a position that carried the rank or StandartentUebrer,
he prided himself or his uniform and practically made an SS institute out of
his department. He vas so zealous that even the progressively more and. more
lenient denazification boards haven't "purified" him yet. He also spent fire
years in a detention camp. He is now volunteer investigator at the institute
and receives some income from consulting; work that he Is doing 'with the Boebringer
Compeer.
Thus, Professor Schmidt (born 1882), Chose full-time position is act3isklly to
head the Institut fuer emperimentelle Therapie "Rmil von Bebring", has been
casting head of the bacteriology department .or Phillips University for sane time.
He is one of the soundest medical bacteriologists and immunologists in 'Germany;
in a visa,' it is too bad that, by his retirement, his influence will became less
The new head of the institute, who had not yet arrived in July 1951, is
Berzbergi, Professor rmirt,sho, since 1938, was head of the bacteriology
department at the University. or Greltawald. Professor Herzberg is relatively
young (born 1896) but has held positions at both Duesseldorf and Grelfsvald.
Re'll; a *ell recajgnimed virologist and, over the years, bass worked on, virus
Influenza, contagious hepatitis, and. q-fever.- Be has been editor or member
of the editorial board. or the following Sammons: Zentralblatt Bakt. I.
brilanale; Zeitsahrift fuer ene undLIntektion krankheiten; Zeitschrift fuer
T,mmlsriltaetsrorschungp Das aesundheitsvesen; Pharmazie; ZeitsChrift fuer
d- gesemte innere Mradizin4_Deutsche medisinische Wochenschrift and Elinishe
Wochenschrlft. Because of his reputation end his BW potential, it is interesting
to note that, as far as all outward appearances are concerned, he was alloved
to leave bill Best Zone post at the University of Grelfavald with the blessings
or the government. He gave a formal farewell lecture and was allowed, as far as
I know, to take his belongings with him. 841110 or his German colleagues suspect
be has been sent as a scientific fifth columnist. Herzberg does not have the
reputation or being a very talkative man and this males a, judgment more difficult.
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Poetschke, Dr Gerd,
the first assistant of thc inatttrte.,Mc Poetschke comes from the Nast Zone,
ehere his parents and brother, a member of the clergy there, still live.
Poetschke would like very much to come to the US for a-year of study. He is
young, enthusiastic, and Interested. an bacterial eytology (phase microscopy).
Like most young people be was affiliated with the Nazi. movement (he became a.
party member in-1937 and served as physician for the Hitler youth movement),
bat I don't believe he remembers that period of his life too fondly. Of the
dena.sification proceedings he Is critical and maintains that the US has not
given the Germans too vivid a lesson in democracy.
Other members of the staff are Bumming, Professor_Narl-Heinrich, who has been
at Marburg since 1943 and is now an associate professor, Hornung, Dr Heinrich
(born. 1900), who is a public health offihialin Kassel, smi also holds an
appointment in the department. He is interested in the sanitary aspects of
_bacteriology and_taught from 1944 until the and of World War /I at the University
_of-Prague (I presume). Richard, Who is wqmp4mu:d to succeed. Professor
Schmidt es_bead of the Nell-inmsEWhring Institht, is also an assistant professor
in this department. He has had a good chmalcal backgrouni0 and is highly respected
as an immunochemist.
68. INSTIMUTS FCMML EXPERIMENTELLE TILERS:PIN "NICKL VON BERVING`i, MARBURG-MAHN
Director: Schmidt, Professor Hans
The 'Institute fuer experimentelle Therapie "Emil von Behrine In Marbarg-Mehn is
affiliated with the Bebringwerke which is one of the largest.nroducers of.
biologicals in Germany. Among the biologicals made here are the following
vaccines and. antisera: diphtheria, pertussio, scarlet fever, gas gangrene,
typhoid and. paratyphoid, typhus (during WOrld War II - 320 "d now),
tuberculin, foot-and-month disease (great need. in the West Zone'now;.all of the
vaccine used, to be made at the Island of Riems Which is situated in. the East
-Zone, off G=elfswald), -botulism, tomoplasMosis, ta-tever, brucellosis, leptospiral
infections. Although this institht has broader exI,Sriemse thAi, most groups in the
growing of pathogenic bacteria, it has dealt only with flask or bottle culture
methods of -production. The culture of aerobic organisms is kept separate from that
of 'anaerobic bacteria. In general, production methods are the usual ones used
in the US.
.Professor Hans SehMidt. Who is a cosmopolite and. speaks English well,
Be considers BW a definite .possibility and
rinderpest and dhidken diseases good. 'bets as potential weapons.
One of Professor Sehmidtls students, Kredh, Dr Ullrich, was to be brought to the
US on MEW funds in September for 15 months. _
69. PHISIOLOG1Saff7oCENKISCHRS INSILrui, PSIIIIPS.UHIVERS1TANT, MABBURG-LAHN
Director: Dimroth,--Professor Earl
The PhysiologisCh*Chemisches Institut of the Phillips Uhiversitaet In Marburg-Lahn
is.one of the rare instances in Germany 'where a department of physiological chemistry
is beaded by a PhD rather than an J4) and an organic Chemist at that. Another
remarkable thing is that Professor Karl. Dimroth (born in 1910) is of a very tender
age in Germany for 'a department head. To remind_Dimroth of his youth and keep him
In his proper place, be holds, however,' only the rank of associate professor.
His training is very good. and. he bap been' affiliated at one time or another with
the universities in Geettingen and TUebingen, in addition to Marburg.
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Dinrothis research deals 'with three phases. One group is studying nucleic
acids, especially those of yeasts. A secend le veeking on dye chemistry.
A third is working =microbial Chemistry (a carotinold pigment frau Torula
that Dlmroth claims is different fraM others; effect of nitrogen source on
the gnaninekeieriee ration In yeast).
Although I had only little time to converse with Professor Dimroth, I was
strackby his alertness levelheadedness, and accurate analysis of the state
of microbiology and biochemistry In Germany. jaenicke, Dr Lothar) is Professor
Dimroth08 assistant.
MMEMSPIER
70.. HYGIENISCHES mormerunD STAATLICHE FORSCHUNGSARTMILUM FUER GRIMBRECCGOINE
OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MUENSTER. MENNSTER
Director: Joetten, Professor Karl Wilhelm
The Hyglenisches Iestitut und Staatliche Forschungsabtellung fuer Gewerbehyglene
or the University of Muenster is one of the largest and. best equipped bacteriology
departments in Germany. Its specialty 18 industrial hygiene and such problems
as silicosis. The nearness of the institute to the industrial region of Germany
makes it a-logical center for research in that field. In terms of equipment,
this department has lf.ttle reason to complain, Inasmuch. as support for work on
the effect or dusts on tissues is well stqrported by industry. Among other
instruments there are an electron microscope, electroe diffeaution equipment,
an X-ray machine, aerosol eberebers in which animals can be exposed, specialized
grinders, a mobile X-ray unit, ultrasonic equipment, a Warburg apparatus, a well
equipped photographic laboratory, fluorescence microscopes and a beautiful Shop.
In addition to research, this institute has routine diagnostic feenetions and,
in the latter canacity, heedles about 35 thousand cases per year (less than the
common load for institutes of that type).'
The personality of the Institute's director, Professor Karl Wilhelm Joetten,
is not particularly appealing and he does not make the Impression of a deep
thievee. The neatness of his laboratories and the resources be is using,
however, probably reflect quite admirable eAeielstrative ability. He was born
.in 1886 and, during an academic career at Leipzig and Muenster, has given most
of his attention to problems of Industrialiwgiene, with excursions Into
-several other phases of medical bacteriology. He is consultant on a research
council that was organized this summer to stimulate research on aerosols.
During 1950-51, be was president of the German Society of Hygiene and
Microbiology and, in that capacity, was in Charge- of the national meeting
at Muenster. Be also has been one or the editors of the Archly. fuer HZ0lene
since 1936. Such honors do of course little to Ste1e-16h his pomposity.
Professor Joetten has a fairly large staff. Among them the following: Gaertner,
Professor Horst (born 1911) Who is also working in the field of indestriel
hygiene; vor deneEsche, De,Pamde van Merwyck, Dr Christianotho has worked on
copper poisoning, respiratory diseases, stimulatory effects of penicillin and
more recently on the Loans' method for proving Paternity. From 1938-39 van
Marwycktem8ht pathology at the University of Dublin. He speaks Englidh well.
BenilOss, Dr Friedrich-Wilhelm (born 1913) 'works .with papers on para-aminobenzoic
acid as growth facter'for pathogenic bacteria and =methods for testing
disinfectants. Ptefferkorn, Dr Gerhard. (born 1919) is a young impressive
physicist Who is responsible for the physics aspect of Joettengs program and. Is
very much interested in electron microscopy.
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71. PHISIOLOGISCH-CHEMISCHESesnm.Lmut. UNIVERSITY OF MCENSTER, MUENSTER
Director: Lebnartz, Professor Emil
The Ph3rsio1Ogisch-cheatisches Institut in the University of Muenster is a
beautiful, well-equipped. department. Its library facilities are very good.
I believe we may expect steady work from this institute.
The director of the institute, Professor Ball Lehnartz (born 1898) has been at
Muenster since 1939 and since 1946, has been head of this department and
president of the university. He will be succeeded as president by Professor
Strugger, Siegfried, who formerly headed the Botanisdhes Institut of the
Tieraetzliche HoChsdhuleln. BWonover and. began there his work an living-and-dead
stains Professor Iebnartes main scientific interests are in intermediary
metabolise and muscle physiology; a field in Which be has published fairly
extensively.
Iebnartz! assistant is Menne, Professor Fritz, Who is young (born 1910), polite
and somewhat pedantic. Inasmuch as he began his se,stu.-mic career at Muenster, it
is not astosimmng that be Is also interested in muscle physiology. In addition,
he has done research an the metabolism of creatini.ne and amino acids. He has
been with the University of Muenster since 1944, first as assistant professor
and recently as associate professor. He is quite fpmiliser� with the UK and US
scientific literature because be Abstracts papers written in English for the
Berichte uber die Gesarate Phxsiologie wed Experimentalle Pharamkologie.
:Also on the staff is pieper, Dr Josef, Whom I did not meet and about Whose
scientific activities X know nothing. I did, however, meet Schmidt, Dr
Carl-Gottfriedtwho is e delightful, aesthetic young volunteer assistant
in the department. He has his MD and also two years of post-doctorate work
in pathology, one additional yearr research in pharmacology and one year
in physiological Chemistry. About 1953, he will became an assistant professor.
At the Moment, he is receiving no salary and Is supported. by his parents but
be plans to remain at the University of Muenster nevertheless.
72. BOTAXIISCHEZ3 ISTITUT,, UNIVERSITY OF MUENSTER, MUENSTER
Director: Strugger, Professor Siegfried
The Botsnisches Institutof the University or Muenster is completely new, extra-
ordinarily spacious and quite well equipped. Library facilities are poor as
far as current journals are concerned but extremely useful for historical work.
The director has an attractive apartment right in the builAing - this was one
condition he pet for coming to the university. The botanical garden associated
with this institute is one of the most beautiful and useful botanical museums I
have ever seen.
The director of the Institute, Professor Siegfried Strugger, is a charming go-
getter in Whom high-class scientific ability and superb leadership are
harmoniously blended. He was born in 1906 In Carinthia, Austria and brought to
Germany a personal warmth that makes him very popular among his colleagues
aUdalso makes his aggressiveness more palatable.. He took his training at the
University of Graz; be taught at Giessen, Grelfsmald, Jena and. Hannover before
coming to Muenster. -He Is a good ce11,1107-_physiologist with wide interests.
Among his published. works are papers an growth, water economy of plants and
fluorescence and. phase microscopy. Be was on the editorial board of Fortsdhritte
der BotssUc1936-42. As or July 1951, he was doing research on photosynthesis and
on the Structure ofehloroplasts. Professor Strugger is outspokenly anti-
Ccamainistic. He seems very religious and gives the Impression of having been
anti-Nazi. The Same Impression Was given in Informal Conversation by his wife
On 13 Sep 51 When I was guest at their home. Strugger Is perturbed by the
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aggressive spirit that again permeates German student fraternities. I believe
that he will do his best during his tenure as president of the University of
Muenster (1951-52) to guide the student body toward more democratic goals.
Profeasor.Strusser remembers with fondness the time he spent in 1949 In the US
at the Medical Field Research Laboratory at Fort Knox Where he worked, with
Dr Krebs and set up facilities for fluorescence microscopy. When his tenure
as president is over, he hopes to vielt the US again.
Pharmaceutical botany is handled by Schratz, Professor Eduard (born 1901)
about whose scientific activities I TO17,17-1itt1e. A younger man is Baumeister,
Professor Walter (born 1913), a plant physiologist interested In plant respira-
tion, the effect of boron on the nitrogen content or plants, and, on their photo-
synthesis and. respiration. Perner, Dr Ernst is an assistant.
MUNICH
73. BIOCMEMISCHE AmsalumG, CHEMISCHES LABORATORIUM, KAISKR-WELJEKLM ontrseSITY, MUNICH
Director: lynee, Professor Feodor
The headship of the once illustrious BlochemiseheAbtellung, Chemisdhes
Laboratorium of the Kaiser-Wilhelm University in Munich has been open for
several years. It has been offered to several men, for instance, Minn, Richard,
Who dealined it since the orna:- gave no guarantee that adequate financial support
'mould be forthcoming. Since the Institute building suffered greatly from bombing,
no outsteefileg German chemist so far has been willing to accept the appointment
without being offered also the means that would allow the development, once
again, of a strong department.
Mere, however, immodest circumstances, works one of the most brilliant young
(born 1911) German biochemists, Professor Feodor Tanen. Professor "amen is a
highly capable scientist who politis.aely Appears to have his heart in the right
place. He is 'considered. by Professor mar' Dlmroth, director or the Physiologisch-
chemisches Institut or Phillips Universitaet in Marburg-Labn, to be (with
Professor Karl-Martius at Tuebingen) best among German biochemists working in
intermediary' metabolism and by Profeesor Otto Warburg of the Kaiser-Wilhelm
Institut fUer Zellphysiology in Berlin to be the most promising young biochemist
in Germany. He has done excellent work an the carbohydrate metabolism of micro-
organisms, has demeustrated,the importance or -SR groups in coenzyme A and, as of
August 1951, was engaged in purifying coenzyme A and coenzyme A complexes and
studying their role in metabolism. For his work he has a Warburg apparatus
at his disposal, small primitive shaking machines, a pH meter, spectrophotometer,
centrifuges and a refrigerated room. 'omen's father-in-law� Professor Heinrich
Wieland (born 1e77), is the retired and famous former head of this chemistry
department. Since Wieland has been editor of Idebles Areelen since 1922, most
papers from the department are being published in this journal. Professor
Iyaen may visit the US in the spring 195 on a Rockefeller fellowship.
Holzer, Dr Helmut, who is lamen's assistant, is a seemingly enthusiastic and
capable investigator. Iynen would like to see him come to the US on an exchange
fellowship.
74. PHMSIOLOGISCH-CMEMISCRES IMIST.LTU:11! JCAISER-WlIBBOXIMUNERSITY MUNICH
Director: Rahn, Professor Amandus
The Physio1ogisdh-chemisches Institut of the Kaiser-Wilhelm University in Munich
hopes to move Into a new beild-ing. in the meantime, it is in quarters Which,
though not luxurious,-seem adequate.. my visit was too brief to allow a definite
Impression, but I left with the feeling of having visited an average department.
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Professor Amandus Hahn (born 1889) is director of the Institute. I did. net
meet him but understand_he has done a considerable amount of work on carbo-
hydrate metabolism, a good portion of that on yeast.
Meier, Dr Brich, who is Hahn's assistant, is a striking,y handscme and intelligent
.person._ He Is in the process or becoming an assistant professor and eould like
to come to the UB on an exchange appointment. Ziemer, Dr Helmut (bore 1900) is
an associate professor in the department. He, Ta;NRI worked on carbohydrate
metabolise and on the biological chemistry of nucleic acids.
75. HIGINNISCHCS INSTITUT, KAISER-WILIDUAIIMMVERSITI, MUNICH
Acting Director: Braun, Proiessor Hugo
The building in which the Hyglenisehes Institut or the Kaiser-Wilhelm Unteersity
in Munich was housed was badly bcebed and the department is not very active.
I did. not visit it.
Professor Hugo Braun (born 1881), Who left the University or Ft..amkfurt for the
university or Istanbul, after Hitler came to power, returned after World War II
as acting head or the department. He has published quite extensively In the
fields of immunity and serology.
Schaefer, Dr Waltherais an associate professor in the department; Kanz, Dr Seald,
an assistant professor; and. Berg, Im' Steffen, an assistant.
- aTWEBZWT
76. FEBBIBMATION LA.BOBATORIBS OF TUB ASMEAPPENBIIRGER ZEMZSTOFF A. G., STOCKSTADT
... � . - . � ,- - �
Director: Bernhauer, Professor Konrad
At the Fermentation Laboratories of the Aseharrenburger Zellstoff A. G. in
Stockstadt, / met Professor Konrad Bernhemer, director and one of the meat
competent fermentation experts la Germany. Because of his Nazi affiliation,
Professor Bernhauer is no longer a member of the apnAimmic circle. I believe,
however, that the University of Frankfurt is toying with the Idea of allowing
him to lecture in industrial microbiology. Should that happen, the actual
founding of a chair for industrial microbiology would be hi 'red only by
finances.
Professor Bernhauer was horn in Mere:eta in 1900 and lived practically all of
his adult life in:Prague. He considers himself Austrian, although according
to Hitler's definition he was a Sudeten German. Until 1938; be was head or
the. biochemistry division in the Institute for Organic Chemistry of the German
University at Prague. In that capacity, he held an associate professorship.
When Professor Weldschmitz-Leitz left the headship of the Institute of Bio-
chemistry at the German Institute of Technology at Prague,.Bernhauer became
his successor (still as associate professor). In 1940, the departments of
biochemistry-au& food chemistry!' 'were joined, into a single department 'which
Bernhauer then headed. At the peak or his career, be bad close to one hundred
assistants working In the department.' Unfortunately for Bernhauer, he became
"Dozceaenfuehrer� in 1939 vbio4 was a liaison position between the faculty
and the Nazi Party.. Together With that position came the rank or Standartenruehrer
in the SBJequivalent to a major). In 1943, because of. his lack of enthusiasm
(Bernhauer maintains) be was relieved of his poeition and thereafter remained
inactive. Bernhauer.claims that he was no Nazi at allandtbat he helped several
peop16,711ke HeUMann, Dr qn.ug, a half-Jew who recently emigrated. to Canada
(last heard orrn-ontreal . Berebaner's bands Eatheme.beien3ily-ehite but
the fact remains that he wore a black uniform and not completely without
enthusiasm, if one can take the stupendous development of his department
after the eco....tion or needhoslovekla by the Germees as an indication. Bernhauer
has an ingratiating Charm very difficult to reeist.
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Bernhauer has worked on practically all conceivable fermentations. He under-
stands.lerge-scale production of micro-organisms and. microbial products well.
Among the problems in which be is presently interested are the following:
a. production of vitanin B32 by Streptomyces.
b. growth of TOrula utills (plant proteins together with extracts
from this yeasti:WilgaW,,according to Hernhauer, animal proteins
for pigs).
a. sUbmerged production of cellulases and amylases from Cytophaga
(such preparations are used in Germany as media 1R against certain
types of intestinal disturbances).
d. nitrogen fixation by Venicillium and other molds (be isolated these
organisms from decaying cellulose on a nitrogen-free medium).1, wants
to test this further.
e. growth of yeasts on waste liquor and. pentoses.
Bexmbsuerts students constitute the most important body of experts in
micro-organisms and microbial-products IA Gerleiwaviw. -1uch a- ..rar.,7� of
them were of German ancestry, most were expelled from Czechoslovakia after
the end of World:War II. Among his more recent collaborators were:
Weiner, Kurt
Friedrish, Wilhelm, until recently at Blochemie, Innsbruck; now
at Ot!Okstadt
H
Bache, FrilAa.
Miksch, Johann, N
)Ltelke-Miks'ch, Ruth
Grosser, Annemarie
Kundtner-Schwaszkopf, Benne
Irrgang, Karl (after World War II, I believe, at Leasing Chemie,.G.m.b.H. In
. Erfurt, Nast_Zone; now vith-Leasopharm, -G.m.b.H. at Bronnzell b0.-Jrulda)
Mueller; Paul
Thelle, Ernst
Sulcova,.:Marie
dehaumberger, Irmgard
Weidner, Xrugai'd
Bach, Johann (mmmrst the fermentation Chemistry laboratories of Chen.
�Milk .1-Oh-A. MemckiserG.m.b.H., Ludwigshafen am Rhein)
Pelker, Inge
NaOrawnik, W
getritM Ur ONLY
,INFORMATION.,_
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Schueckerova, V
KhobloCh, H-(Leboratoire Clerenot, 3 Eve Lamblardie, Paris 120)
Brunner (Blochemie, G.m.b.H., Innsbruck)
DeltriCh (Stockstadt)
Professor Bernhauer, though still nostalgic about Prague which he loved,
finds his new place of activity very satisfactory. New laboratories are
being built for him, and he will have a staff of about 16-17, among then
at least stx or seven university-trained scientists. Be has a contractual
arrangement with theAschaffenburger Zellstoff A.G. that will allow him. to
benefit directly from any patents that may come from his work. This is
in addition to the salary that he is drawing. The fermentation equipment
that Bernhauer is asseMbling is the best I have seen in Germany. He has
available two large open fermentation tanks for the production of food
yeast; these are unsuitable .or more delicate fermentations. He also has a
good 1000-L pilot tank, two ahririv)g maehive..s, a great many glass fermenters
of the Valdhof type, several fermenters (pressure-cooker type embodying
the We-' dhef principle), one smaller enamel-lined tank used as inoculum tank,
excellent microscopes and a Sharpies centrifuge. Professor Bernhauer
Indicated that the company is very generous to him and that the set-up
gives him preetiCally as free a hand in What he wishes to dc, as a university
laboratory would. STUTIGART
77. 'SST:mute OF TEOBEISCHE HOCBSCHULE, STUTTGART
Professor Niethammer, Annellese (born 1901), associate professor at the
Technische HoChschule in Stuttgart, was recommended to me by Professors
lievius and. Zngel of the University of Hamburg Steetsinstitut fuer Aligemelste
BOtexii2k. Professor Niethammerts interests lie mainly in the taxonomic aspects
of mycology (for instance on the genus Penicillium). This is rather astonishing,
inasmuch,as she received her training at Prague from Professor Konrad. Bernhauer,
one of the foremost authorities in the field of fermentation chemist?.
Professor Niethemmer was an assistant and eventie:cuty asF,oelate professor
at Prague Which She was probably forced to leave after the liberation of
Czechoslovakia. She came to Stuttgart In 1948 and started more or less
afresh. Since then her scientific reputation has Buffered a bit from
the publication of alf-baked textbooks which seemed. over-popularized for
German tastes.
TUNBINGNIS
78. INSTITUT FUER ANGENIANDTE BOMANIK,SHERHARD-KARIS UNIVERBITANT, TOSSING=
Director: Zimmerman, Professor Walter
Professor Walter Zimmerman (born 1892), who is director of the Institut fuer
angevatulte Botanik at the Eberhard.-Karis Universitaet in Teebingen, is an
unusnymy energetic and stimulating 'man, with central interests in
evolutionary botany. Be has written several books and. many papers on
phylogeny of plants, algology, plant geography, paleobotany, and conversed
authoritatively on the phylogeny of bacteria.
Professor Zimmerman was in the army for 12 years and was wounded several
times. Be has been in Tuebingen since 1925 and was recently offered the
headship of the botany department at Karlsruhe.
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79. Bommisouns-insTanw, KBEREuum-rArtus UNIVERSITAW, TUBBING=
Director: Buenning, Professor Erwin
The Botanibehes Institut of the Eberhard-Saris Universitaet in Tuebinglan
is headed by the well-known plant physiologist, Professor Erwin.Buenn_ngl
(born 1906),
iboderhim is Paedh, Professor Harl_(barm 1908)- Dr peach is Ruhlandtrained
and taught for some time at Leipzig. During Worldlier II, 'he worked an food
preservation for the armed forces and. then joined., the botany department at
Taebingen. He is one of the editors of the Beriehte ueber die Wissensehattliehe
Biolis scientific interests doneern mainly the biosynthesis and.
metabolism of.7secondary' plant. products (volatile oils, alkaloids, tannlms
and anthroAganins)w. He .just returned:from-amine months' stay in Newcastle
Where he bald. allesearch Council Fellow-Ship.
80. HIG1MME-INSTITUT,OF THE WHERHABI)=HARLES UNIVMHWITY. TUBBING=
Director. titicki, Professor Otto
The. Ifyielane-Inatittrt of the Eberhard,Harls University in Tnebinges .quite
well suited forroutine diagnostic; 'work and. for research in medical bacteriology.
It hew roomy laboratories, an ultracentrifuge and ultrasound equipment... An
electrosnieroscope was on order in August -1951. Library facilities of the
department are poor, but the near-by .institutes of the Wax-]Rlimica: Society have
excellent libraries. . .
Knepp, Dr Werner (born about.19I6):,_who assisted former Director, Professor
Otto sttckl Litietutaii.=.95g it studying the effect of ultrasonic waves on
baoterial antigeuts.: He haSalso'wOrked oalLtoreplasmosis.
81.
MAX-PLANCK-INNV=T:.FUNR.DIOLOGIE UNIVAINSITY -Or TUEBINGEN. TUNBINGEN
Director: Wele�%m-re,..ProfessorGeorg
The M.z'-Planck-Institut fuer Biologiecf the University, of Tuebingen in
Tubingen is a superb plr-ce to do research:and'the quality of the work done
there corresponds' to the excellence-,of.the physical facilities- The equipment
and. working conditions are extellento ...15iX:sompletelY controllable ananbara
(as to humidity, light and temperate) are available. Excellent centrifuge,'
balances, Warburg apparatus and carefully separated greenhouses for work with
viruses are also available. The institute building has an apartment for the
director, as well as a guest apartmeutwhere visiting investigators can reside.
Professor Georg Welchers (born.1906):bea-been director of the institute since
1947 (having been with the Berlin-Dahlem Gronp first) and heads there a group
in plant biology:. Be has been working on the physiology of flowering,
photoperiodism, the nature, of phYtopathogenic viruses and cytoplasmic
inheritance.
*ilar, Dr Roland ('born 1923),..a capable. Viennese-cytogeneticist, served as
my amiable guide at the Institute. Weidel, Dr Wo2fhard, who recently returned
from a stay with. Dr Deibrueek at the California Institute of Technology,. is
studying the mechanism of bacterloPhage.adsorption and has concerned himself
lately' with the Chemistry of bacteria]. membranes.
The zoology groups at the Institute are headed by Kuehn, Professor -Alfred (born
1883) and Professor Hartmann, Max (born 1876). Kuehn is a well-known zoologist
Who bes done autstandU4vork on the genetics of pigment formation in Insects and
the ultrawtructure of butterfly wings. Professor Max Hartmann, the oldest of the
group, has done a large amount of work in the field of reproduction and sexuality.
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Mage=tIMPOSMATION_
�46 �
JIAX-P/ABUIC-XNEI=Xt
Uxu.visiss.rxx CW
Director: Butenandt, Professor Adolf
: $ It:
TUBB
lIFESI,OLOgoISalle-CPSKISORE INSTITUT,
The )ax-Planck-Inatituti`uerBioohenieundrhyniologisch-Chinnische,Institut at
theRniversity of Tuebingen In Tuebingen Is one of the most outstanding bio-
chemistry groups anywhere. Research done there is basic and imsagivintive.
Superb laboratories are excellently equipped vith_an electron microscope,.
two Viselluselectrophoresis aPparAtusesr. two Analytical ultracentrifugeq,
infrared-speetrophotometer, Beckman -apparatus, micrebalances and Geiger-
Mueller ceounfing_equipment.
The director of the institute is Professor Adolf.B1rtenandt Be was on_hls 'way
to the, Chemistry Congress-in New.l'Ork .and/ did.not-meet him. Be- la, ..however,
regarded as. an Ingenious, supremely gifted., chemist, with a magnetic personality.
The,Insrti.tute is divided., into three divisions; (a) Organic Chemistry, under
'the direction of Bannenberg, Dr Saint (born 1912); (b) Virus research under
Schremm Dr Gerhard (born. 1910) and. Schaefer, Dr Werner (born about 1901);
II.T-TZT Biophysics under Friedrich-Freksa, Dr Hems (born about 1906).
DrDannemberg is a steroid Chemist, interested in carcinogenic hydrocarbons,
ultraviolet absorptionand Chemical constitntion. Additional work in. the
organic chemistry divisiOn_deals. vith_the, metabolism of tryptophane (by .
Heruurnsa_nr,-Dm)4 puppetion in inaects.end*platlIe materials Involved in the
eexual attraction of butterflies.
Thc.divisionrofvIrOlOSYis 4o.146 soap of the,soundest.vork: In microbiology
in "as.- Dr.Solairm4M is 15.t4ADIotOb,Protein r4,...m4St and. has worked with
Butenandt-,forSome,.time... Dr Schaefer is a capable veterinarian 'who 11 using
modern physical methods to study animal viruses. In their studies, they use
various. viruses that are to rity.Lesent_a range of physical and Chemical
complexity (tobacco mosaic, potato virus X, bacteripphage, Newcastle disease
virmsy fowl plagu-virt4s,: granuloma foot-and-mouth disease virus). Recent
work has covered the splitting of the tobacco mosaic virus, a study of the
pieces-sr-and their recombination- isolation and. characterization of Newcastle
d disease virus and. vei:ght Of.tObacco.mosalo virus-. Both Schramm and
Schaefer,.before the end of World. War II, :worked at the Reichsforschungsanstalt
madl-Riems and. are still-in Cputect.6yith4pembers of. the Riems group. One of
the more applied stud/es toWhiAlbgre giving attention .is the preparation
offootand-mouth disease,viruaLipasmuch as production of that virus in the West
Zone0-1s-becOmirg- a Practical necessity.. Both Schramm and. Schaefer are_first-
rate-scientists. .
DrjoriddrICh-Preksao. Whom Many donsidertbe,Most_brilliant.of the group, is. a
zoologist-turned.--biophysicist.. An understermilg of self-reproduction is his
main goi of In. August 1951, be was doing some fascinating
'Work on;-'the.turn-omato ofisotoptetolly-labeled.xthosphorus in the nuclear material
of esztains-protozoa.
Also.in,the,Mepartment of Phyalological.Chenistry7,:but notnieMbers-of.the
Planek-Institut� are:Nextius,:Professor Karl (born 1906) and ObImpwer,.
Professor Paul (born 1905).: Both are very good enzyme chemists, and. Mertius
(along withProfessor Feodorlypen, direCtor'of the. BioChemisdheAbteilung.
Of-the Ghemiaehee,Laboratorium,atthelCalser-Wilhelm University in Munich)
is considered by Professor Karl Dimroth, director of the Physiologisdh-chemisches
Institnt of the Ph.1.134.ps,AltatversAteset.-In )burg-Lahn, -and.- other 'colleagues, to
be_the best. of the German.blochemiSts dealing. with Intersi011arynetaboliss. . .
Martins has- done. excellently on the citric acid cycle ,and .recently has done some
beautiful -work on- the uncoupling effect of thyrowir. Re.attended.the International
Chemistry- Conference in New zrork In September 1951. I met Professor Ohlmeyer.at.the
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-Zairafaamust.
);IIechemIstry_Oeuvention_in�NainS.Ant-AN444:4-1951. 1Whas.been.concereed. with
,energy7rich phosphate bonds and. ItsA just returned, from the University of
Pennsylvania where he worked. as research associate. Incidentally, Ohlawyer
or.. at least wait., director Of the -Leibniz-Kolleg which Is one of few
German attempts to set Conants a concept of general education into practice.
_
-PHANNAHOLOGISGHES INSTITUT. -UNIVENSITT,-OF TUEBINGEN. TUE:BINGEN
Director: Haffner, Professor Felix_
The Pharsmacologisches-Institut of -the University of Puebla:wen in- Tuebargale
is well_ equipped.. for classiCal pharmacological work arui apparently quite
active.
-
-Its director, Professor Felix Haffner, - is-a jovial and friendly- gentleman
(born. 1886)., who showed. me through t120--.Institute with consid.erable pride.
Salnald, Dr. Walter, an assistant professor in the department, has recently
worked. _fon...afl etmT1 nonsvhi 'In for the _increase in bacterial growth often. observed
at the. edge of zones of inhibition.
84. Ea.ThoZocusagos -32E3h:ixOT, TUEBINGINI
..134-rakreterc- Goessnex,- Dr. W
85.
A. sta.ff member-of the-pathologisehes-IsuatItut in Tuebingen, Dr W Goessner,
has worked on. the histochemistry-of- effect.-- He -ePCzt name
mouths in-Nericastle during_the-spring 1951 as wit-change pathologist. He Is
young (born about 1916), and. active. In the field. of cytochemiatry, he is
Interested-in Timeli,iit -acids. A good.. portion of, his. timo, however, in spent in
routine el 4 ?I 4'.l pathology. -
-� � � . . . _ _
�INCINENSTEPHILE/FREISING
EAKELLOSET FUSE IANDWIRTSGHAFTAN-DNE TICCUAILI Java-WijaaTZE.
lanUnaiRalatiMifiThaMING-- -
Director: Demeter, .Professor..Ke.r1. �
The _Milehwirtschaft.liches Institirt of--tbe;Fakultast fixer Landwirtschaftan der
7i0`147" ti"4101.11 Eosr4ml 0. ilkUittlehetl-4.37r. Welbanstephan/Freising_ Is now headed. by
Zeiler, ProfesSor.Karl. .Professor Zler-nnoneeda Professor Karl Demeter (born
1592) who.. is-one of.,Germanytt-bisstr.kmovai...daiwy. bacteriologists and., until the end.
or,..Worl.d-War II,c.was:head-Of_the-Institute.'- Demeter- wore his brown shirt -
'1 "y and. eventvelly paid. with his _position for his zeal. As of
August 1951, he was spending his time writing theoretical papers and doing
acme- -00-12102-1AUE. wok. He. is, ef-couree4 bitter about. his. dismissal, � espeel .1 17
Zdels that PriWate jealousies were involved. However, Demeter has
eXpresaOd. to:me�.no: Intensive. antagonism to.the US and., in fact, th41-11rn of his
stay-lax. Cornell- Unixeraity many- years- ago .with Turtrone4.0x10.11 plea:sure. In �
general ,his polt+-leel opinions (and. those of his wife) as expressed to me,
were quite moderate. Mrs Demeter comes from Silasia,,_where she lost all
her posliessiens:.a.fter Silesia-became_ part-of- Poland. Nevertheless, her
almixt.tude Pions-,i7TS13r. Bane!'
The. bacter�lologins.l. ..division..ot the Department. of Dairy Industry is now itimea...d
Tevres;,...Dr:Gottlaold.,:, .a biocheelat, whose microblologicsal . background 12'1.
supposedly_savewhat 11 wrt �A -younger assistant-in.-the .division, Kuzurlrat,
..itclialter�. recently, io1ated.. an.Isergi11us that- produces- an antibiotic active
agEdleart TB and_severearpathogenic. fungi. _ Dr Kurarat4. definitely unkispwr �
about. the edmiwf ffitrataOn of the .Inatitabes _at Weihenstephen- �whe-re the proper
'political end private aanneetlaaa -apparently,are:of -decisive importance.- Dr
Kundra_t_ Is a .3zerugee i!roan Czechoslovakia, where. he took ilia nnivereitY murk and.
which he left after the end. of World War II. He speaks Czech.
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86. FAX7=.7taR awnizemar mecearraczam ROCHEKIKULS MONWEIRN. itSIBENEVISPERN/
_ -
Director: Weinfortner Preressor�Franz
---
The Institut fuer Ge.erungstechisik und_Gearuneephysiologie of the Fakultaet
fuer.DMISegen_ der Te(2hniSehOn-HQ4;theoihn71s, irelhesstePhan/Preisine
has-:two or three' spacious" and neat research laboratories and. one poorly equipped
teaohing laboratory. The teaching breweryoappeared to me to be well equipped.
liquipraent for rdeurosecipy and. microphotography' is very good. but there Is little
else in. the- vo.7 or - sPeodalizad, ec/sdaSseht.:
Professor Franz Weinfurtner- (born 3.899) is the director of the Institut.
Kis asSistant is US-10 Dr AntQle In .goveral, the peraonnel and type of work
Or the-Institute, appeared. nozi-spe4tacular. to me.- A.side from.- the practical
brewing .aspects, the fermentation sete-Up _is_ :also Unimpressive.
Anong problems under investigation-are the effect-of tyrothricin on 'beer
efficacy of various- aurrace-active agents, the use of ultraviolet
radiation for disinfection of air, the metabolism of certain lactic acid.
bacteria that ,00cur app4----Lage organisms In beer.
PrOteasor Weinrcither also heads the Instittrt fuer Technische Mykologie at the
Technischen HochsChule Ntuavne4-10.71In Tiel_henstephaniFFelsing. Here he succeeds
Professor Karl. Ripple- (born 3.903) , �-who.-b.eaded -the LInatitut fu, Technische
MykOlogie from 1943,645When lie.ires. Pizt_ out of � circulation because of his Nazi
arfilistden. *LS beck ini-Freising In August 1951,- however, .as head.
of the -botanical- laboretOry or the NBayerische Landessaatzuchtanatalt.
. � . . � �
�WirS44teb�-Dr Siegfried (born 193.3) is an as:iota-tent at the Ingtitu.t fuer
Ate Botanik of the Techn-tsche Hochschu_le 301"710,41en in lielhonstephan/
Freiaing, and a specialist In yeasts, �_Radars, Dr. Glut (born 1912), a
fermentation chemist, is director or the ilissenschaftliche Station fuel.
Brauarei in, the same Hochschule.
� VOLDA0ORN
.� � .
87e -NAK-FIANCK6INST1mum ZUNCHMUNGSFORSCHNUG pIHWIN BAUR-INSTITUT), VOLDM2MMff
- - � - � - _
Parson- -KeVaux, DraidadiasoL:���-�::�����-
The .Mard6PlanclowimatitutfUer ZueleIrtangaforkicluntg (Erwin Baur-enstitut) in
Vollisagod,it is located. on-s.--:corMer..astate:in.Voldsgren. - the middle Of nbwhere.
In �addition-.66.theY1Tadragsen.,establiatuient, the Max;-P1anc1c6-Institut has. -
subetations also In. T.tileurg..sza.'Neakar (Station Rotenhof)- euad In Scharnherst
(Station Scibzurrhorst)e_
, .
Dr Meilen (born 1912)�- is a very...capable .researclaer, -iruscharge of the Divisi.on.
Of ReSeareti 'Cm Mutations. He and ple47,0-00.4.A., Peter � (born--1900).�-,head. -or the
Divielonor Pliena-jiesearch_ and, a fine -cytcigeneticiat,...are.-eunong..:the Taw .1.n -
this institute who are dea.ling with 'Imola research., Much or the other work
deals with -plant -breeding._ � . , . � . -
_
Dr Kaplan is rare bird. in Germany, namely a microbial geneticist. After
World-Mar.II, a, portion--of_whicb. (went in. the German Array -as a. sanitation
soldier, he -Wisely reflected. on research he could :do with a 1311.31.1n1IIIIIof
funds and chose to work on the genetics or -becterlec ---One of his moat
interesting contributions is the demonstration? that .nruta-tions �Can����be'vas313.1:eved.
by -photodynamic-action, , Dr Kaplan is geographiand.-intellectualaY-very
much isolated.. Tbe institutiomal..�-3brarY, though��ver7--Sdequate for the
agricultUral _aspects or gereti.co, .hasi. only; -few- of the jaiurnals in the basic
sciences.- For that reason Dr Kaplan. tries to maintain outside contacts, -He-is -art
enthusiastic and. gifted, scientist, a-pleasant and. artiatic,indivithull and. aware
of scientific activit:Ies around. him.
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SISGSIPTIM OS=
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88. z1BIOILIGmcI-cli4IBcU JULUU MAltIMILIANSU LV litACHZBURG
2.
- - _
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Director: Ackermann, Professor Dankwart-
-MBEEK
�134e,. Old by14 Virg in which -the' rbzeielogisch-chemisches _Institut or the Julius
Maximaliass UsiveratigY in Weersburz:.-La- housed was bombed. and the department .is
now 4k guest of the �physiology �department. Facilities. and equipment are poor.
Considering the relatively poor financial; airamnstances of the Bavailluk .
lltersitieis, it aill-probabl,y- be. acme- time before this department will be
-
rebuilt..
_
The bead:- _of the Institute is. Profeasor_Danloaert-Ackermann,. a...delighttul. and,
*satire San. who ha a enriched the. saientitte world, with. informa.tion. on-the
Mitrogen..letaboliam. of lower animals --(mainly on biologically produced amines).
Among many other findings, his discovery of histarnind. is noteworthy. He was
ham:L:122.7:1878; -butt. etbibits an Len.viable degree of -enthusleam. and. -vigor. -He
enjoys his work and: has been ,productive.-
.
_ .
Pr'vripckst%r Ackerman-Win seconin-in-commtand. -linc.-1-3 0.r, Professor Ernst (born 1901)
who holds an assistantship in the department and has also worked on the isolation
and identifir-Stion � or biologically. produced. aminee.
89. CIHICKIDONE nUMITUT. JULIUS MAXIIIDANS UNIMES-DFf WUEHZBURG
ixtreetor: Fiahex, Professor Got�twat�
_
_
Professor Gottwald Fischer is the head. of the � Ohemische Institut of the Julius
momme17,41,4-.�4 univeraityinifterzburg..- Though-an-organic chemist, .he has been
13xterest,ed in..chentotactic etfeets.;on mOtile tungal.sperea and bacteria cad has
-
attempted to isolate-materials reaponsIble for ehemoexis. Under :his expernmental
conditions,- ciertaln'amino acitle.-and.:fieats. "seem to.- be involved..
-
Professor Fischer has been -working together with Burgett, Professor Hans (born
1887), bead. of the botany department,STAA:s well-recognized mycologist. _
90. �irsitSfE03CBES INSTITUT- or THE JUIGX18.41. �UNIVEESIZZ. WUZIEMBUB.G
DireCtOr: Sonnexteehata,- Profaner- Curt.
TheitigieniSeites Institut tilt -the 41sIdans igafr4-4*-17 Jowls University in Waerzburg
possesses good. teaching�tacilities.-SM14..tairlY adequate.,:mesear_qh.tracilities
Stir Intik. in medinial. bacte.viology. � , Iftursically: this 7- is quite, an impressive
Orgaraination. Inte.11eetuallar' there -rOom.- for much improvement. The. research
Si--,,Y1,11;28 of the .Tinstitute is relatively low because only little research is
being . done now.. .
The Institute Iateotor, ' Professor . Curt. Samienachein (born- 1.894),
litiuLdeui .of professor ItUeller atHoeln and. worked; for several years on
bacterloPhage. Since then, he Irak giv ttentlac to med.ico-
bacteriTolcgic�such as brucellosis and. recently also
career broyg3t. in from. roeln..to Hamburg, and. eventually, via
!'ralitua,- ituerzbizrg: He_ has been in-Afriea cat: laizniexial. occasions and. visited
the-US in 1931 and. 1951.i.then he traveled on larrritatiori,..frcaa the High Commissioner.
as Dean of -th,e Wuersburg Medic-ea.:School: - Behind a sober front, professor
Sonnenschein hides _a:- pleasant :sense Of -humor;�--si seimetimes mulish stubborruaess
� conceals a fair,-degraia: of Ariltliago�ess�to adapt Anid. yield positic:. Selentifical1Y
he is only medibciteDift..he ;Is keenly interested in Improving medical _teaching in
ersy and. is intlivnetial -enough to- have hie, opinion- beard.
2... � '
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=AP three assiirtents sire Dimling, pr:Amoder, uzipe, Dr Welter band
istehmta,j.ifwate..--.414ta ratfilis , _came_ from the
fie3is Theineeer dcAps Beieer.intermataha Ivo:air..
diatatid:
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