TERRORISM REVIEW

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Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
05632837
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RIPPUB
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U
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60
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December 28, 2022
Document Release Date: 
September 25, 2017
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Case Number: 
F-2016-02688
Publication Date: 
April 1, 1986
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PDF icon terrorism review[15307305].pdf2.17 MB
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Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Directorate of Intelligence Terrorism Review April 1986 (b)(3) ecre (b)(3) �Secret� DI TR 864105 April 1986 Copy 540 1114 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 I I II II II Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Warning Notice Intelligence Sources or Methods Involved (WNINTEL) National Security Unauthorized Disclosure Information Subject to Criminal Sanctions Dissemination Control Abbreviations NOFORN (NF) Not releasable to foreign nationals NOCONTRACT (NC) Not releasable to contractors or contractor/consultants PROPIN (PR) Caution�proprietary information involved ORCON (OC) Dissemination and extraction of information controlled by originator REL... This information has been authorized for release to... WN WNINTEL�Intelligence sources or methods involved (b)(3) All material on this page is Unclassified. Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 -Se`e"t- (b)(3) Terrorism Review (b)(3) April 1986 1 Focus: Japan's Chukaku-ha: A Threat to the Tokyo Summit? (b)(3) 7 Highlights (b)(3) 17 Overview of International Terrorism in 1985 (b)(3) 25 Lebanon-France: Hostage Negotiations Appear Stalemated (b)(3) 29 Terrorism Against French Interests in 1985 (b)(3) 33 Syrian-Sponsored Terrorism in Western Europe (b)(3) 37 Terrorism in Asia in 1985�A Regional Profile (b)(3) 43 The Terrorism Diary for May (b)(3) 47 Chronology of Terrorism -1985 and 1986 (b)(3) This review is published every month by the Directorate of Intelligence. Appropriate articles produced by other elements of the CIA as well as by other agencies of the US Intelligence Community will be considered for publication. (b)(3) Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Terrorism Review Review April 1986 (b)(3) Focus Japan's Chukaku-ha: A Threat to the Tokyo Summit? (b)(3) (b)(3) The successful disruption of Japan's national railway system last fall by Chukaku- ha (Nucleus Faction), Japan's largest radical group, and recent improvements in the group's weapons raise concern about its ability to threaten the Tokyo Economic Summit in May. Chukaku-ha, however, must overcome numerous obstacles, including constraints on its finances and manpower and the extraordinary measures that the police are certain to mount against any attack on the summit sites. Even though protection cannot eliminate the possibility of a large-scale operation, given the difficulties facing the radicals, we expect they will opt to launch attacks against less protected facilities away from summit activities. (It is not yet clear whether Chukaku-ha launched the unsuccessful 25 March rocket attacks on the US Embassy and the Imperial Palace. Because of the crudeness of the rnokets, police speculate that another leftist group may be responsible.) (13)(3) Chukaku-ha Raises Its Profile Although primarily a radical leftist group noted for its opposition to the expansion of Tokyo's largest airport, Chukaku-ha recently has stepped up guerrilla operations against a wide variety of targets in Japan. In the last few years, the group has begun to exploit the capabilities of covert branches located in western as well as eastern Japan, which together have an estimated roster of 120 to 150 members. Chukaku-ha's covert cadre have more than doubled their terrorist-type activities since 1984 (see table 1). Their most spectacular success�and the largest guerrilla operation in Japan since the late 1960s�occurred last November. In a well-planned operation in support of the leftwing railway workers union, Chukaku- ha paralyzed the national rail system by cutting signal cables throughout the country, as well as setting fire to a Tokyo train station. These incidents caused long delays for millions of Japanese commuters and $10.2 million in damage. (b)(3) The November success, combined with Chukaku-ha's stepped-up activities, suggest that the group has become stronger and more threatening.' A review of the group's recent weapons improvements lends some credence to this assessment. Until the last few years, Chukaku-ha's incendiary devices were crude, limiting their ability to strike protected installations such as government buildings and military bases. More recently, Chukaku-ha has improved the reliability of some weaponry, including a truck-mounted flamethrower with a range of 200 meters. The group has also employed a homemade rocket capable of traveling 1,000 meters, which has exploded successfully about half the time. (b)(3) (b)(1) ' In early 1985, Chukaku-ha renounced its traditional policy of not attacking people, but it has yet to implement this policy change. (b)(3) 1 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 DI TR 86-005 April 1986 11 V 1_ Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Table 1 Chronology of Selected Chukaku-Ha Attacks Location Device Used Comment 7 May 1982 Military recruiting office Flamethrower Building slightly damaged. 1 March 1984 Narita Airport offices Truck-mounted launched incendiary device Damaged two floors, first time device used. 10 August 1984 Camp Yao Airfield Launched incendiary device Six bombs launched but none exploded. 19 September 1984 LDP Headquarters Truck-mounted flamethrower Fire damaged five floors, $2.4 million damage. 1 January 1985 US Consulate Kobe Launched incendiary device Three rockets launched, no damage. 17 February 1985 Osaka Police unit Truck-mounted launched incendiary device Ten rockets launched, none exploded. 20 February 1985 Narita Airport Incendiary device Damaged building and two vehicles. 12 April 1985 Haneda and Narita Airports Truck-mounted launched incendiary devices Fifteen bombs launched, hit several targets. 3 September 1985 Narita Airport Launched incendiary device No damage reported. 1 November 1985 Narita Airport Platform-launched incendiary device Four rockets landed on runway, no damage. 20 November 1985 Narita Airport sites Incendiary devices Slight damage to airport officials' homes. 29 November 1985 Tokyo, Osaka, southern Japan Cut railroad lines, firebombed rail station $10.2 million damage, halted rail service. 29 January 1986 Tokyo Incendiary devices set near railroad lines No disruption of rail service. 8 February 1986 Narita Airport sites Incendiary devices set at Narita Airport sites Damage limited to equipment. (b)(3) Counterbalancing the group's enhanced weapons capabilities is its loss of support because of the general decline in popularity of the leftists in Japan. In part, the public has become disillusioned with constant bickering among the radical movement's leaders. More important, issues long identified with the radical movement�for example, opposition to US-Japanese defense ties�no longer provoke interest among Japanese students. The loss in student support poses a problem because students�unlike members with jobs�can frequently be counted on to give full-time commitments to group activities. The loss is also adversely affecting Chukaku-ha's finances, because it used to derive much of its funding from student associations. (b)(3) 2 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 't.ect& (b)(3) (b)(1) (b)(3) (b)(1) (b)(1) (b)(3) The Tokyo Summit: Chukaku-ha Scales Back Its Plans Chukaku-ha's recent aggressiveness is designed in part to attract new sympathizers, Its leaders believe that events in Japan during April and May 1986 will provide ideal opportunities to grab headlines and gain members. Among the events Chukaku-ha reportedly plans to disrupt is the 60th anniversary celebration of Emperor Hirohito's ascendancy to the throne on 29 April. The group views the T^1,� r,conomic Summit on 4-6 May as an even more important target. (b)(3) According to their own literature, Chukaku-ha's leaders originally hoped to create an "atmosphere of terror" that would lead participants to scuttle their plans to attend the Tokyo summit. Chukaku-ha wanted to re- create the mood present in 1960, when the Japanese Cabinet canceled President Eisenhower's visit because of violent demonstrations over the US-Japan Security Treaty. Recent attacks at Haneda, the airport that foreign leaders will use, seem to have this goal in mind. The November attack on the national railroads was a key element in this campaign as well. (b)(1) (b)(3) Some of Chukaku-ha's leaders have conceded that an attack on summit facilities�like the plans to prevent the summit�will be difficult to pull off, Legal and financial worries, stemming from the arrest of over 300 members last year, are a major impediment to guerrilla actions at present. (b)(1) (b)(3) Japan's Police: Taking Few Chances With Security Security measures by the police are by far the biggest challenge confronting Chukaku-ha. The police have a good track record in providing protection during high-level visits and meetings, and also have taken a preemptive approach in recent months, identifying and arresting as many Chukaku-ha activists as possible to disrupt the group's plans and preparations. The heart of the police program is a "roller strategy," first used in the early 1970s to contain the terrorist threat posed by the Japanese Red Army (JRA). Officers in each precinct visit every residence and business to identify anyone in their area who may be a potential security threat. The dragnet will be concluded with a final round of visits just before the summit. In addition, the police have placed the group's overt headquarters in Tokyo under constant surveillance. (b)(3) 3 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 I I II I I 1 I Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Secrct (b)(3) The police have been rewarded for their efforts thus far. Several Chukaku-ha members, including a key tactical leader of one of the covert branches, have been arrested More important, other overt members who have been arrested are talking freely, allowing the authorities to indict those detained. The arrests also have yielded valuable information on the group's organization and weapons that the police are certain to exploit. (b)(3) Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 --Secret� (b)(1) (b)(3) (b)(1) National Police Agency officials plan to mobilize 25,000 to 30,000 policem(b)(3) protect the summit meetings, a massive show of force of the kind that has discouraged Chukaku-ha in the past during the visit of South Korean President Chun Doo Hwan in September 1984, Chukaku-ha officials admitted that an attack on Chun was impossible because of the tight police security. Some of the same concerns were expressed recently by a (b)(3)] group leader in regard to this year's summit. Whether these police efforts will be sufficient to guard against a guerrilla attack will depend in part on Chukaku-ha's weaponry, as well as the rapidity with which the group can pull plans and manpower together. A security ring of 1,500 meters established around most summit sites should prevent a successful attack if the Chukaku-ha relies on its older rockets. The newly developed rocket, with a range of 4,000 meters, poses more of a risk. The accuracy, payload, and other details of the new rocket are unknown, but its range woule(b)(3")e the group to fire it from beyond the conventional security perimeter. If it is unable to directly attack summit facilities, Chukaku-ha might choose to launch attacks against less protected buildings away from the actual summit in the Akasaka Palace. Police speculate that the group could attack a government agency not directly linked to the summit or other public facilities, such as the railway system, to embarrass Prime Minister Nakasone and the political leadership. An attack on a US installation also cannot be ruled out. Chukaku-ha has suggested that it might set off small incendiary devices at such sites�presumably to make a statement rather than do real damage�and police admit it may be impossible to protect all possible targets during the summit period. (b)(3) Other Terrorist Threats to the Summit Although Tokyo police are concentrating on preventing a terrorist attack by Chukaku-ha, the recent discovery that a member of the JRA slipped into the country undetected has raised concern about the potential threat posed by other radical groups. The JRA made similar threats before the 1979 Tokyo Summit. It was, however, unable to mount an attack at that time because of tight security, and the group appears even less capable now. In fact, the JRA has not staged a successful operation in nine years. Nor is it likely that other radical groups pose a threat to the Tokyo summit. Most European leftist terrorist groups limit their operations close to home, while Middle Eastern terrorists have not traditionally targeted such international gatherings and are not well positioned to operate in Japan. 5 (b)(3)- �Secret-- Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 .1 1 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837, Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Sceret West Germany France (b)(1) (b)(3) Highlights (b)(3) Key Indicators US Consul General Facilities in Frankfurt at Risk Unknown persons apparently conducted surveillance of the residence and offices of the US Consul General in Frankfurt-am-Main. On 14 March, the contents of a box of 9-mm ammunition were found on the sidewalk and in the grass 15 meters from the residence. The next day, two persons tried to enter the grounds of the Consulate General buildi� Q,-sieral more instances of surveillance were detected through 17 March. (b)() The residence has previously been a target of Red Army Faction (RAF) surveillance. Two such incidents occurred during the RAF hunger strike campaign of December 1984�February 1985. After one of these, the residence was attacked with a small firebomb. (b)(3) (b)(1) (b)(3) LARF Plans More Terrorist Operations in France In early March, Joseph Abdallah, the current leader of the Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Faction (LARF), announced plans for a major terrorist operation within the next month in France in order to gain the release of his brother, George Abdallah, George Abdallah is the former LARF leader who was arrested by French police in October 1984 in Lyon. Joseph reportedly is also willing to smuggle a Soviet surface-to-air missile into Paris for use in a separate terrorist operation. (b)(3) This announcement was followed by the bombing of a Paris-to-Lyon train on 17 March that injured 10 persons. The bombing was claimed by the Committee of Solidarity With Arab Political Prisoners and the Middle East. This group warned that the train bombing was "the first in a new series" of attacks unless three prisoners, including George Abdallah, were released. The other two prisoners cited were Varoujan Garbidjian, a member of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA), convicted in the July 1983 bombing at Orly Airport, and Anis Naccache, leader of a five-man commando team convicted in 7 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 DI TR 86-005 April 1986 I I II I I I Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 the attempted assassination of former Iranian Prime Minister Shahpour Bakhtiar in Paris in 1980. Press reporting indicates that this same group claimed responsibility for three bombings in Paris in early February in which 20 people were injured. (b)(3) The bombing campaign and demands to release convicted terrorists will provide an early test for the new conservative government, with its election call for a tougher counterterrorist policy. (b)(3)' Significant Developments Belgium France-Spain (b)(3) Fourth Major CCC Safehouse Discovered The Belgian police's discovery on 25 February of a fourth major Communist Combatant Cells (CCC) safehouse in Liege may hamper rebuilding efforts by CCC members still at large. Police believe the safehouse was used by CCC leader Pierre Carette, who was arrested in December. An identity card, a driver's license, arms, ammunition, communicatio7,710-"\oment, money, and CCC stationery were also discovered in the hideout. The December 1985 arrests of four CCC members and the subsequent discoveries of their safehouses will reduce the likelihood of terrorist attacks in Belgium in the near term. Remaining CCC hardcore members, however, could�possibly with support from other European leftist groups�carry out attacks on public officials in order to pressure the government into releasing their imprisoned comrades and to prove the group's viability. (b)(3) French Court Decision May Have ETA on the Run A French court decision in early March may indicate a hardening of that country's counterterrorist policy toward the Spanish Basque organization Fatherland and Liberty�Military Wing (ETA-M). On 13 March, for the first time, a French court sentenced alleged members of ETA-M as common criminals rather than as political refugees. This decision reportedly has prompted more than a dozen alleged ETA-M members to leave their French safehavens. Some Spanish officials believe that Spain's 12 March decision to remain in NATO may lead ETA-M to target Spanish or even US interests in Spain in the future. The recent disappearance of the ETA-M members may indicate preparations to carry out these acts. (b)(1) (b)(3) 8 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 --Secret,. Spain (b)(1) (b)(3) Sweden West Germany Palestinian Group Threatens Spanish Interests A Palestinian group called the "Organization of the Sons of the Martyrs of Tal al- Za'tar" threatened to attack Spanish interests if two Palestinian prisoners held there were not released within two weeks. The group issued the threat to retaliate in Spain and elsewhere in a broadcast from West Beirut on 18 February. the two Palestinians were arrested in connectie- with the murder of two Israeli seamen in Barcelona last October. (b)(3) "Martyrs of Tal al-Za'tar" is believed to be a covername for Fatah's Force 17. This group sent a letter to the Swiss Ambassador in London threatening reprisals if the Swiss did not release two Palestinians held in Geneva. The two Swiss prisoners are probably Force 17 members who were arrested in a safehouse in Madrid last July. Press reports indicate that the two were planning to attack the Syrian Ambassador or Embassy in Madrid. (b)(3) No Apparent Progress in PaIme Assassination Swedish police on 12 March arrested Viktor Gunnarsson, a 32-year-old Swede, and attempted to indict him in connection with the 28 February assassination of Prime Minister Palme. According to press reports, Gunnarsson once belonged to the European Labor Party, a staunchly anti-Soviet and anti-Palme fringe political group. The party said it cut all ties with Gunnarsson in May 1985 "after noticing some unbalanced features." The police were unable to hold him past the initial five days allowed under Swedish law, however, and, when witnesses could not identify him, he was released. There have been no other arrests in the case, and we are unable to state conclusively either that his murder was an act of terrorism or that there was any foreign involvement. (b)(3) 9 (b)(1) (b)(3) --Th-peceL. Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 1 1 LL Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Switzerland (b)(1) (b)(3) (b)(1) (b)(3) Cache of Grenades and Explosives Found On 10 March, a woman found four Soviet-made handgrenades, a pipebomb, a chemical timer, and a detonator of Western origin in a trash container in Munich. Police have offered a reward for information on the owners of the cache. They speculate that the items may be left over from a Palestinian cache, because similar grenades were used in the 1972 Munich Olympics attack and some of the material was wrapped in a newspaper dating from February 1971. (b)(3) Crackdown on Libyan Terrorist Activity Swiss authorities have found increasing evidence that Libya is misusing its diplomatic privileges to cache weapons and false identity documents, according to the German press, and Libya may be targeting two persons for assassination. Swiss authorities recently opened a diplomatic pouch, probably to look for weapons, an indication that they are already taking steps to thwart Libyan activity. Tripoli reportedly believes its missions in West Germany and the rest of Europe also are being carefully watched. (b)(3) Likely targets of Libyan terrorist activity are anti-Qadhafi dissidents or pro- Arafat Palestinians who were sentenced in late March for bombings of Libyan and Syrian installations there last year. (b)(1) (b)(3) Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 005632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Secret Austria (b)(3) Tunisia (b)(1) Lebanon (b)(1) (b)(3) Threat of "Plastic Pistol" Exaggerated Recent public reports alleging that the Austrian Glock-17 pistol represents a significant terrorist threat because of its plastic parts overstate the case. Although it has been claimed that the weapon is made mostly of plastic and can pass security scrutiny at airports, the pistol is actually 83-percent steel and is as easily discernible through X-ray and metal detectors as all-steel models. Furthermore, this is not a new pistol developed to be undetectable; more than 80,000 Glock-17s have reportedly been produced and are in service with the Austrian Army, the (b)(3) Norwegian armed forces, and a number of police and security organizations. their caliber (9 mm) and magazine capacity (1 rourna e t(b)(1 ) desirable we7,--\-1-0- \ and they would be no more difficult to conceal than any(b)(3) handguns. ku)k`-') Libya Planning Terrorist Campaign? Tripoli may be prepared to undertake terrorist attacks in Tunisia to punish Tunis for its close ties to the United States. Libyan radio attacked the visit of the US Sixth Fleet commander to Tunis and described(b)(3) provocative. Tripoli presented a diplomatic note I (b)(1) virtual declaration of war. Vice President Bush's trip to Tunis in early March almost certainly increased Tripoli's ire. Although Libya no longer has diplomatic relations with Tunisia and infiltrating terrorists has become more difficult, Tunisian dissidents or radical Palestinians could act as surrogates. (b)(3) Series of Bombings Against Phalange Party Offices Between 21 January and 8 March, a wave of bombings terrorized the Christian community in East Beirut. Most of the bombings occurred near Phalange Party offices and killed a total of 33 persons and wounded 165. Damage was extensive: shops were destroyed, cars were burned, and hundreds of windows were broken. The most significant incidents were: 21 January A car bomb exploded in a busy commercial area, killing 22 and wounding more than 100. 11 --Secret-- Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Syria (b)(1) (b)(3) West Bank 3 February 12 February 24 February 8 March A suitcase bomb exploded in a building 300 meters from a Phalange Party office. There was extensive damage to shops and parked cars, but no casualties were reported. A bomb exploded in front of a theater next to a Phalange Party office. The bomb contained the equivalent of 20 kilograms of dynamite and killed two persons and injured another 15. A car packed with explosives and mortar shells exploded near a busy supermarket, killing five persons and injuring 12. The blast set an apartment building on fire and destroyed 15 cars. A car bomb exploded in a residential neighborhood, killing four persons and injuring 38. A PI(b)(3y Party office nearby was not damaged. Pro-Gemayel Christian officials have arrested 64 persons in connection with the bombings, which began shortly after ex�Lebanese Forces leader Eli Hubayqa fled to Syria on 15 January. No group has claimed responsibility for the bombings, although the most likely suspects are elements of the Lebanese Forces loyal to Hubayqa, who supported the Syrian-backed Lebanese peace agreement. The Hubayqa forces, probably acting with encouragement from Damascus, are trying tr, intimidate Gemayel and his supporters into signing the Syrian-brokered accord. (b)(3) Truck Bomb Explodes in Damascus A powerful bomb exploded inside a refrigerated truck under a bridge overpass in a Damascus suburb on 13 March. The blast reportedly killed six military cadets and seriously wounded as many as 110 other persons. Syrian television broadcast the "confession" of a Lebanese man who claimed Iraqi authorities coerced him into carrying out the attack (b)(3) The bomb was the first attack in Damascus since a series of explosions last fall believed to be linked to Syria's role in Lebanon. While Iraq may have been responsible, some Syrian officials are blaming Lebanese Phalangist elements, Pro-Jordanian Mayor Assassinated (b)(1) The pro-Jordanian mayor of Nablus was assassinated outside city hall by an (b)(3) unidentified gunman on 2 March. the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine killed Zafir al-Masri to intimidate 12 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Secret other Palestinians who may be thinking of cooperating with the Israelis. Israeli authorities said the weapon used was the 03-5-(3)--,ne involved in at least two other terrorist attacks in the West Bank. Israel Egypt Saudi Arabia US Officials Receive Threatening Leaflets US officials, including a member of the US MBFR delegation in Vienna and an assistant to the US Ambassador to Jordan, received leaflets signed by the Jewish terrorist group Terror Against Terror (TNT) attacking the Peres government and pro-Arab US officials. The leaflet warns Arab-Americans that they are in a "zone of danger" that is not limited to the territory of the United States. (b)(3) TNT is believed responsible for about a dozen attacks against Arab and Christian holy places in the West Bank since 1980. The group conducted a similar letter campaign in 1984 aimed at political, media, and union officials in the United States and Europe. There were no attacks following those threats. (b)(3) Israeli Citizen Killed in Cairo The wife of an Israeli Embassy employee was killed and three other Israelis were wounded when terrorists ambushed their car leaving the Cairo Trade Fair on 19 March. One car reportedly blocked the victims' vehicle while gunmen opened fire from another. The attack was claimed by a group calling itself Egypt's Revolution, a self-described nationalist movement violently opposed to the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. The group has taken credit for at least two attacks on Israeli diplomats in Cairo in the last two years. The hijackers of Egyptair Flight 648 last November used the name "Egyptian Revolution," but we cannot confirm the extent of the group's involvement in that incident. (b)(3)1 Increased Security in Eastern Province Riyadh appears concerned about the security of its heavily Shia-populated ) Province. (b)(3) Heavily armed police guards at government buildings, visible street patrols, and riot- control equipment sharply increased tensions between the Shias and the (b)(1 ) government, however, before they were lifted on 15 March, (b)(3) The large pro-Iranian minority among the Shias had reacted enthusiastically to recent Iranian battlefield successes, and radical pro-Iranian sentiment has grown significantly over the last few months. Radical religious leaders are drawing larger crowds, and conservatives�although still a majority� are losing support. (b)(3) 13 �Secret--- Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 I _I Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 1_ 1-41 4.1.� Caribbean Ecuador The tight security reflects Saudi determination to prevent antigovernment demonstrations or Iranian-inspired terrorist attacks by radical Shias. Potential economic and military targets in the kingdom are heavily concentrated in the oil- producing areas of the Eastern Province. Although there is no evidence of direct Iranian meddling among the Shias there, the growing fervor of young radicals has increased the possibility of antiregime activity. Saudi security forces will quell public demonstrations ruthlessly but would have more difficulty preventing isolated terrorist attacks. (b)(3) Separatist Violence Linked to Libya, Cuba French Caribbean separatists receiving support from Libya apparently were behind the violence intended to disrupt local elections on 13 March. A police station in Martinique was bombed on 28 February, and molotov cocktails were thrown during two Gaullist political rallies in Guadeloupe, injuring three persons. (b)(1) (b)(3) New Terrorist Group May Be AVC Splinter A group calling itself the Montoneros Patria Libre (MPL) (Free Homeland Guerrilla Fighters) on 22 January occupied the Heroes of Independence Monument on the outskirts of Quito, overpowered four guards, and stole their weapons. The MPL called for freedom from US "imperialism," and Sent lenfletS to the media explaining why the organization had been created (b)(3) Persistent rumors of internal dissension within the terrorist group Alfaro Vive, Carajo! (AVC) lend credence to the suspicion that the MPL is most likely an AVC splinter group. Furthermore, the January operation resembled the AVC's - -1 (b)(1) operandi. (b)(3) Colombia-Peru-Ecuador Terrorist Groups Join "America Battalion" Members of the Peruvian Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) and the Ecuadorean Alfaro Vive, Carajo! (AVC) have joined the Colombian M-19's new insurgent unit�the Amen i talion� (b)(1) (b)(3) M-19's long-term goal is to form the nucleus of a multinational "Bolivarian army" in the Andean region. The M-19 initially enlisted the AVC�with which it has had close operational ties since Secret 14 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 II Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 (b)(3) Pakistan Japan the latter was founded in 1983�to contribute members to the new unit, and in late February the MRTA announced that three of its squadrons were participating in it. The battalion has recently skirmished with Colombian troops in the south. The America Battalion probably will remain a predominantly M-19 insurgent unit over at least the next six months. The M-19 is not in a position to actively foment regional revolution. In addition, neither the MRTA nor the AVC has so many members that they can afford to send large numbers to the new unit. (b)(1) (b)(3) Tensions With Libya Pakistani authorities have detained a Libyan executive of a joint Libyan-Pakistani holding company for his alleged involvement in a series of murders that last year provoked rioting against Pakistani police ineptitude. Authorities may be preparing to portray the murders as a Libyan plot to erode confidence in the government. Islamabad believes Libya has undertaken other efforts to undermine the government, including plans to hijack a Pakistani airliner earlier this year and the funding of pro-Iranian, anti-US demo--f-"ons in Lahore during a visit by Iranian President Khamenei in January. (b)(3) US Embassy, Palace Hit by Homemade Rockets On 25 March, at about 1315 hours local time, three homemade incendiary rockets were fired from a parked car into the grounds of the US Embassy in Tokyo. Virtually simultaneously, two more rockets were fired from another vehicle into the grounds of the Imperial Palace. None of the rockets did any damage or caused any casualties, although one rocket did land on the roof of the Embassy. These incidents are reminiscent of the 1 January 1985 rocket attack staged by the radical group Chukaku-ha (Nucleus Faction) on the US Consulate General in Kobe. There were two major differences in the latest attacks, however: these rockets were less sophisticated than those the group had previously used and some that it reportedly is developing, and these attacks were staged during working hours, increasing the chances of casualties in the target areas and among bystanders. Because of these differences, Japanese police reportedly believe that some other leftist group opposed to the Western Economic Summit to be held in Tokyo in May could have been responsible for the attacks. (b)(3) 15 Secret Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 We have not ruled out Chukaku-ha as a likely culprit, for a variety of reasons: � The vehicles apparently used timers and self-destruct devices, hallmarks of Chukaku-ha incendiary attacks. � Chukaku-ha devices frequently fail to explode after they reach their targets. � Chukaku-ha is known to have been planning surveillance of US diplomatic (b)(1) targets in Japan in early March and is known to have planned and le(b� )( ---iceled b)(3) 3) an incendiary attack on the US Embassy in the fall of 1983. ( Malaysia MA V Chulcaku-ha intends to create a climate of (b)(1) during the runup to the May summit, but the group faces manp((b)(3) money, and time constraints and might not be able to conduct serious attacks. These incidents support the view that the perpetrators are reacting to time pressure, and we believe they are likely to continue to carry out attacks that generate maximum publicity in their attempt to derail the summit. (b)(3) Bombings Mar Sabah State Polities Between 12 and 20 March, a series of 26 bombings rocked the Malaysian state of Sabah, leaving three persons dead and seven others injured. Two other persons died in subsequent rioting. Similar low-level bombings occurred last spring following elections that brought a Cb. 'jan-dominated party to power in the predominantly Muslim state. These bombings, and the first set in 1985, are believed to have been perpetrated by Muslims loyal to the party that led the previous state government. The bombers apparently intend to create sufficient chaos to pressure the mostly Muslim (but secular) national government to step in and run the state. To the extent that Sabah Muslims remain disaffected with the current regime, more such bombings are likely. (b)(3) 16 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Sceret Overview of Internationgl Terrorism in 1985 (b)(3) The level of international terrorism has increased dramatically over the last two years, both in number of incidents and degree of lethality. From an annual average of about 500 incidents during the early 1980s, the level increased to nearly 600 in 1984. Preliminary figures for 1985 indicate the total is higher still� about 800 incidents.' Several disturbing trends are discernible from the 1985 figures: � The United States and its friends and allies continued to be primary targets. Israel, Egypt, and Jordan, for example, suffered more attacks in 1985 than in any previous year, and several of our West European allies were attacked by resurgent domestic terrorist groups, ostensibly because of their ties to NATO and the United States. � Terrorists increased their attacks on businessmen and other nongovernment targets, thereby widening the impact of their operations. � The number of persons killed or injured in international terrorist attacks in 1985 exceeded 2,200�more than any other year. The previous record year was 1983, when the US and French contingents of the peacekeeping force and the US Embassy in Lebanon were bombed, causing record levels of death and injury. � International terrorists continued to exhibit a greater willingness to harm innocent bystanders through indiscriminate attacks. Increased use of large bombs accounted for many of the heightened casualty figures. (b)(3) Middle East Terrorism of Middle Eastern origin accounts for much of the increase in international terrorism over the past two years. In 1983, Middle Eastern groups (b)(3) 17 International Terrorist Incidents, 1980-85 Number of incidents (hundreds) 10 Worldwide incidents I 0 1980 81 82 83 aPreliminary(b)(3) 84 858 Incidents involving US 308673 4-86 accounted for 28 percent of all international terrorist incidents. In 1984, this share grew to 47 percent�a larger share of a larger total. Such prruing operated at nearly the same level in 1985. (b)(3) The continued high level of international terrorism by Middle Eastern groups owes much to state sponsorship�particularly by Syria, Iran, and Libya. Although the percentage of such incidents has declined from the level of the previous year, state- sponsored terrorism still constituted a significant proportion�about 25 percent�of all Middle Eastern�origin incidents in 1985. (b)(3) Secret Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 DI TR 86-005 April 1986 I LU1 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Casualities Resulting From International Terrorist Incidents, 1980-85 Number of casulaties (hundreds) 16 14 12 Wounded 10 8 6 4 2 III Killed 0 1980 81 82 83 84 85 a (b)(3)tau 338674 4-86 A dramatic increase in Palestinian terrorism more than compensated for any decline in state-supported incidents. Palestinian terrorism accounted for more than half of all Middle Eastern inciden(b)(3)185, compared with about one-third in 1984. Many of the attacks in 1985 were conducted by radical Palestinians�such as the Abu Nidal Group�that are known to receive extensive support from Damascus. One of the most dangerous Middle Eastern terrorist organizations, this group conducted 23 attacks last year, more than 60 percent of them in Western Europe. The number nf dead and wounded was 34 and 327, respectively.r(b)(3) Syrian-supported groups staged some 30 attacks in 1985�compared with 21 in all of 1984�including two against US facilities. President Assad continued to use terrorism to dissuade opponents and uncooperative allies from pursuing policies inimical to State-Supported International Terrorist Incidents, 1985. Percent a preliminary. (b)(3) 103676 4-86 Syrian interests. In 1985, for example, Syrian- supported groups conducted about twice as many terrorist operations against Jordanian officials and facilities as they did the previous year. (b)(3) Syrian-supported groups have also attacked US facilities in Jordan. We do not know if Syrian officials explicitly approved such attacks and doubt that President Assad is intent on directly targeting US personnel and facilities. We believe, however, that he exploits the anti-American militancy of these groups in order to penalize "--:ted States for policies that (b)(3) he opposes. Iran and Iranian-supported groups were responsible for over 30 international terrorist attacks in 1985. France, the United States, and Iraq remained the primary targets, but the Persian Gulf states also faced threats. Iran also became increasingly involved in 18 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Selected Chronology of 1985 High-Casualty Incidents 2 February 12 April 19 June 23 June 8 August (b)(3) A popular bar in the Athens suburb of Glyfada was bombed by unknown terrorists, injuring 78 persons, including 57 US servicemen and their dependents. A restaurant outside Madrid was bombed, probably by radical Palestinians, killing 18 Spaniards and wounding another 82 persons, including 15 Americans. An armed attack on a cafe in San Salvador in June by terrorists tied to the Farabundo Marti Liberation Front killed 13 persons, including six Americans. A Shannon-bound Air India flight from Toronto was bombed over the North Atlantic, probably by Sikh extremists; 329 passengers and crewmembers were killed. A car bombing at Rhein-Main Airbase�claimed by the West German Red Army Faction and French Action Directe�killed two Americans and wounded 17 other persons. 6 November 23 November 7 December 27 December The seizure of Colombia's Ministry of Justice by guerrillas belonging to the 19th of April Movement resulted in more than 100 deaths when government troops stormed the building. An Egyptian jetliner was hijacked from Athens to Malta by Abu Nidal terrorists, possibly with the cooperation of Egyptian dissidents. Before Egyptian commandos stormed the plane�killing some 60 persons who remained aboard�the terrorists executed five persons, including an American woman, and wounded the other Americans aboard. The bombing of two department stores in Paris by a hitherto unknown Middle Eastern group left about 35 holiday shoppers wounded. Near-simultaneous attacks at the Rome and Vienna airports carried out by the Abu Nidal Group left more than 20 persons, including five Americans, dead and some 120 wounded, including 20 Americans. agitation and propaganda activity among Muslim populations in countries as distant as Nigto;v3) Pakistan, Indonesia, and the Philippines. r` " fl Iran trains and finances numerous dissident and terrorist groups, such as: � Radical Shia elements in Lebanon, including Hizballah, the group responsible for the bulk of anti-US attacks in Lebanon. � Iraqi dissidents, who last year staged two attacks in Iraqi President Saddam Husayn's hometown. � Shia dissidents from Kuwait and Bahrain. Pro- Iranian dissidents attempted to assassinate the Amir of Kuwait last May, and Shia terrorist cells were uncovered in Kuwait, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates during 1985. (b)(3) 19 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 I .� 1 _I Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 (b)(3) Iran continues to target anti-Khomeini exiles. Last September, for example, an exiled Iranian tribal leader wittEb-\'1-3--\ ties to the Shah was gunned down in Karacgi.Ilk Iran uses some of its diplomatic and cultural missions to support terrorists. Many elements of the Iranian Government, including several senio(b)(3)Lls, are directly involved in terrorist activity. Libyan-supported groups or clandestine state agents staged 15 successful attacks in 1985, mostly against Libyan exiles. Last year, Libyan state agents attacked so-called stray dogs in Greece, West Germany, Cyprus, Italy, and Austria. Egyptian-based exiles were frequent Libyan targets. Tripoli also apparently targeted exiles participating in last year's pilgrimage to Mecca, but did not act on its plans. About 8,000 Libyan pilgrims�some in possession of explosives� did, however, stage a violent deninnstration in Mecca immediately after the Hajj,(b)(3) In addition to providing training, arms, encourage- ment, and funds to dissident and insurgent groups, Libya increasingly strengthened its long-term relationship with radical Palestinian groups. Abu Nidal, the notorious Palestinian terrorist, reportedly is living in Tripoli and has moved part of his organization there. Qadhafi almost certainly views the radical Palestinians as potential allies in his terrorist operations � -t Libyan exiles and non-Libyan opponents.(1b)(3) Libya also focused increased attention on the United States. Libyans were observed taking pictures of the US Embassy in Sudan and also exerted pressure on the Somali Government to lease property adjacent to US Embassy housing in Mogadishu. In addition, Qadhafi has made references in recent speeches to his contacts with American radicals. [(b)(3) In 1985, Libyan-supported terrorists also operated elsewhere, most notably: � In Tunisia, about 50 suspected Libyan-backed saboteurs were arrested last fall. The terrorists were infiltrated into Tunisia when Libya expelled more than 30,000 Tunisian workers. Libyans carrying false documentation were among those arrested. � In Zaire, security officials claim to have thwarted a Libyan-sponsored plot to kill President Mobutu in September. � In Chad, L'-- -intinued to target President Habre. b)(3)] We have identified Palestinians as the perpetrators of more than 200 international terrorist incidents during 1985. The continued internecine Palestinian feuding, coupled with Arafat's apparent inability or unwillingness to control hardliners aligned with him, indicates that the large share of international terrorist attacks carried out by Palestinians will continue. This increased Palestinian activity was reflected in: � A rise in terrorist attacks inside Israel and the occupied territories, with virtually every Palestinian group claiming credit. � An increase in the number of attacks by Syrian- sponsored groups�especially the Abu Nidal Group�in Western Europe. � Intra-Palestinian terrorism resulting from the split last year in the Palestine Liberation Organization, and pressure from Fatah hardils)-(3)-)pposed to Arafat's political strategy. k Increasingly, Middle Eastern terrorists are conducting attacks outside the region, particularly in Western Europe, and the data for 1985 affirm this trend. The 70-odd incidents of Middle Eastern�origin terrorism that occurred in Western Europe last year exceed 1984's total and are double the annual average for 1980-83. Most of the Middle Eastern�generated activity in Western Europe has not directly affected 20 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 --Seefet_ Middle Eastern-Origin Terrorist Incidents in Western Europe, 1980-85 Number of incidents 80 1980 a P..P1' inary. (b)(3) 81 82 83 84 85 a 3C8675 4-86 US interests, although this appears to be changing. The TWA hijacking in June, the seizure of the Achille Lauro in October, the diversion to Malta of the Egyptian airliner in November, and the attack on the Rome ;*�*,,,rt in December all resulted in US fatalities.r(b)(3) Western Europe Some 200 international terrorist incidents occurred in Western Europe during 1985. About one-third of these were directed against US or NATO-related targets, primarily by West European terrorists. Although the growing number of incidents conducted in Western Europe by terrorists of Middle Eastern origin is of increasing concern, European authorities have also had to contend ,(6)(3)ntinuing activity from domestic terrorists. In West Germany, sympathizers and hardcore members of the Red Army Faction (RAF) carried out more than a dozen attacks against US and NATO- related interests last year, including the car bombing 21 at Rhein-Main Airbase in August. Despite counterterrorist successes against the organization, West German security officials continue to believe that the RA-03)-(3- fable of conducting another major attack. In France, Action Directe conducted 22 terrorist attacks last year, including the assassination in January of a high-level official in the Defense Ministry. Nearly all of these were directed at domestic political targets. In December, however, terrorists bombed the office in Versailles of the Central Europe Operating A which monitors the NATO pipeline.' (b)(3) Most of the dozen or so international terrorist incidents that occurred in Italy during 1985 were conducted by Middle Easterners against non-Western targets. However, one of the most spectacular attacks of the year�the hijacking in October of the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro�victimized many nationalities, primarily Western. An Am((b)(3)ourist was killed before the incident ended. Belgian terrorists carried out some 30 attacks in 1985. Most of these were conducted by the Communist Combatant Cells (CCC), which surfaced in October 1984 in connection with a series of attacks against NATO and defense-related targets. The group bombed offices of the Motorola Company in Brussels on the day of President Reagan's meeting with allies to discuss the Geneva summit. In December, it blew up a control station on the NATO pipeline in western Belgium�within a half hour of the Versailles bombing. Since the arrest by Belgian security officials of key members of the group in mid-December, (b)(3) however, there have been no further attacks. The separatist Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) remained Spain's most serious terrorist problem in 1985, despite counterterrorist successes by Spanish and French police and continued murders of ETA members by the Antiterrorist Liberation Group, which Spanish and French press sources have linked to the Spanish police. Spain's other major terrorist 'For a more detai1e0 6;xamination of terrorism affectingib)() interests, see the accompanying article in this issue. Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 group, the leftist First of October Antifascist Resistance, spent much of the year attempting to recover from a police sweep in January. The level of terrorist activity in Greece remained high. One-third of the incidents that occurred there last year were directed against US targets, many in the form of arson and bombing attacks against vehicles belonging to US military personnel in Athens. The Revolutionary People's Struggle and the virulently anti-US 17 November Revolutionary Organization� which in years past had murdered two Americans and wounded another�conft-b-ci 's) pose high threats to US interests in Greece.r In Luxembourg, unknown persons carried out some 14 bombings against domestic targets since April 1985. Luxembourg officials believe tf(b)(3):ks were intended to discredit the government.1 West European authorities are particularly concerned about indications of coordination among several West European groups�the German RAF, the French Action Directe, and the Belgian CCC, including the following: � Since the middle of 1984, these groups have conducted, more or less simultaneously, a number of attacks against NATO and defense-related targets. Some of these operations required a great deal of planning. � The terrorists have stated publicly that they acted in concert: Action Directe and the RAF, for example, issued a joint communique in January 1985 declaring war on the "imperialist" system. Both groups also claimed responsibility for the car bombing in August at Rhein-Main Airbase. � French, West German, and Belgian terrorists used, in separate operations, explosives that belonged to a lot stolen from a Belgian quarry in June 1984. � Points on the NATO pipeline in Belgium bombed by the Belgian terrorists in December 1984 had been marked on a NATO document confiscated from Red Army Faction members arrested in West Germany that summer. (b)(3) Latin America Some 130 international terrorist incidents occurred in Latin America, nearly two-thirds of which were directed against US interests. The majority of the incidents were bombings, followed by armed attacks and kidnapings. The use of terrorist tactics by a variety of grouvbk3-')uding drug traffickers, continued. The threat to US facilities, personnel, and interests from terrorist groups is particularly high in the Andean countries of South America, where a number of the anti-US incidents occurred. The breakdown of the Colombian Government's efforts to achieve peace with various guerrilla movements and domestic problems in Peru and Ecuador have provided fertile ground for terrorist activities. Increasing evidence of cooperation among groups in this region heightens our concern. We expect that US interests in South America will continue to be one of their primary targets in 1986. Elsewhere in the region, Chile was the locale of more terrorist incidents (most of them domestic) than any other country in the world. In Colombia, leftist guerrilla groups such as the 19th of April Movement (M-19), the Ricardo Franco Front, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, and the National Liberation Army continued to target US interests. Despite the M-19's defeat at the hands of the Colombian military during the group's ill-fated takeover of the Palace of Justice in November, the M-19 still retains the ability to stage terrorist operations. (b)(3) In Ecuador, the threat came from the Alfaro Vive, Carajo! (AVC) terrorist group. The small, urban- based organization is strongly anti-US and maintains links to Colombia's M-19. Government officials are concerned that such ties to the larger, more experienced M-19 will s'-'-ntly enhance the AVC's capabilities. (b)(3) In Peru, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) and the Sendero Luminoso (SL) posed serious problems for the Garcia government. There were more than a dozen international terrorist attacks 22 I I II Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 II Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 in Peru during the year, mostly directed against US interests. In November, members of the MRTA threw bombs and fired machineguns at the US Embassy in Lima, as well as at US businesses. Sendero Luminoso continued to target US interests, primarily by (bp) dynamiting and shooting at the US Embassy. In Chile, which saw more than 865 bombings, some two dozen international terrorist incidents occurred throughout 1985, a number of which were directed against US interests. The Communist-affiliated Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front con(b)(3) most of the anti-US terrorist attacks in Chile. Outside the Andean Region, the terrorist threat was greatest in Central America, especially in El Salvador. Of particular concern to authorities there was a possible resurgence of urban terrorism. Elements of the Farabundo Marti Liberation Front (FMLN)�in particular the urban terrorist wing of the Central American Revolutionary Worker's Party, the Popular Liberation Forces, and the renegade Clara Elizabeth Ramirez Front�continued to target US personnel in El Salvador. In fact, the greatest single death toll of US citizens last year came as a result of the "Zona Rosa massacre" in downtown San Salvador in June: six Americans, four a ttiPm Marine security guards, died in the attack. (b)(3) Cuban President Fidel Castro continued to support political violence in selected Latin American countries, despite his efforts to portray himself as a responsible statesman. Castro's policy of revolutionary subversion and his support for leftist guerrillas will continue to be a stumblingblock for US counterterrorist programs. Cuba maintained its longstanding support to terrorists in countries such as Colombia and apparently undertook new initiatives in Bolivia and Argentina in support of regional terrorist groups.�(b)(3)� Asia Asia remains on the periphery of international terrorism. Our preliminary compilation of incidents for 1985 shows that only about 6 percent of all international terrorist incidents occurred there. The activities of two Asian groups, however, raised concern in 1985: 23 � Sikh terrorism in 1985 was international in scope. Its attacks victimized foreigners and resulted in high levels of lethality. Sikh extremists were probably responsible for the worst single incident ever recorded�the Air India crash last June. The large number of Sikh communities worldwide could provide staging bases for future Sikh terrorism. � Japan's radical Chukaku-ha (Nucleus Faction) conducted more attacks last year than in most previous years. It began the year with a January rocket attack on the US Consulate General in Kobe and demonstrated its capabilities to disrupt Japanese society when it shut down a large section of Japan's commuter rail system in late November. Thus far, this group h(b)(3)1ined from deliberately causing casualties.' For a more detailed treatment of terrorism in Asia last year, see the accompanying article in this issue. (b)(3) Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Lebanon-France: Hostage Negotiations (b)(3) Appear Stalemated (b)(3) One of the first challenges facing the new conservative government in Paris will be the problem of the French hostages in Lebanon. Earlier this year, a deal fell through, and the stakes were raised when the kidnapers distributed photos of one French hostage they allegedly killed and four more Frenchmen were seized in Beirut. The new government may support most of the concessions made by President Mitterrand in January, but the sticking point is likely to be the reluctance of the Lebanese Shia kidnapers t^ to a deal negotiated through Iran and Syria. �(13)(3) In early January, Socialist Party officials in Paris hoped to bolster their party's chances to retain power in the March National Assembly elections by negotiating for the release of the French hostages in Lebanon. The shape of the deal Paris reportedly agreed to earlier this year remains murky, but President Mitterrand apparently accepted Iran's principal demands. These were the release of five Iranian-backed terrorists imprisoned in France for the attempted assassination of a former Iranian Prime Minister in May 1980,' the repayment to Tehran of $1 billion deposited in France by the Shah, and a clar(b)(1 )1 on Iranian dissident activity in France. (b)(3) We suspect that the agreement fell through because the Hizballah element actually holding the hostages was not directly involved in the negotiations and was not willing to accept the terms agreed to by France, Iran, and Syria. The kidnapers' demands have not changed since early this year, and we do not believe they will issue new conditions in the near future.' ' French officials told US diplomats that Paris would release one prisoner for "medical" reasons and would guarantee the release of the other four by the end of Mitterrand's term in 1988. In an interview with a French newspaper in mid-February, yrian President Assad acknowledged that a deal had been worked out to release the French but the "persons covering the hostages" backed out at the last minute. Assad denounced the captors for reneging and said that Syria's relations with the ,-^uld not improve until it released its foreign hostages (b)(3) 25 Alternatively, it is possible that the deal soured because elements of the Iranian Government imposed last-minute deninruis that France was not willing to meet. (b)(3) Although pressure to reach an agreement eased after the Socialist defeat in the 16 March parliamentary election, we believe the new government is likely to accept most of the concessions agreed to by President Mitterrand in January. New Prime Minister Jacques Chirac, a conservative, strongly supports Iraq, however, and his government probably will be reluctant to halt arms sales to Baghdad, even for a short time. (b)(3) Mitterrand may now decide to direct the negotiations personally. Outgoing Defense Minister Quiles complained recently that he, outgoing Foreign Minister Dumas, and former Prime Minister ( Falb (l were being kept in the dark by Mitterrand (b)(3) Dr. Razah Ra`d, a Lebanese-born French heart specialist, has occasionally acted as "unofficial" emissary to Beirut and Damascus, and, soon after the elections, a Syrian businessman named Omran Adham told the press that he was Mitterrand's 7----11 envoy to Syrian President Assad. (b)(3) There is no evidence that the American hostages have been part of any negotiations to date. Should Paris successfully negotiate the release of its hostages in the near future, the deal will not include the release of the American hostages. Although the same Hizballah element holds both sets of hostages, the demands for each are different. Hizballah has consistently said that it will set the American captives free only if the United States forces Kuwait to release the 17 Dawa prisoners arrested for the bombings of the US Embassy and other targets in Kuwait in December 1983. The terrorists have showed no willingness to agree to a compromise for anything less. (b)(3) Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 DI TR 86-005 April 1986 I Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Following is a chronology of significant developments: 22 March 1985 23 May 1985 Early January 1986 Diplomats Marcel Fontaine and Marcel Carton are kidnaped in West Beirut. Danielle Perez, Carton's daughter and a secretary at the French Embassy, is also taken hostage, then released on 31 March. "Islamic Jihad" and the previously unkm(b)(3).haybar Brigades" claim credit. Journalist Jean Paul Kauffmann and researcher Michel Seurat are kidnaped in West Bei,�* "Islamic Jihad" claims credit.r(b)(3) French press reports indicate that Paris is close to a deal to secure the release of the hostages. French officials confirr(bj(3)Libstance of these reports. 10 January French officials tell US diplomats 1986 (b)(3)that negotiations are at a stalemate. 8 March 1986 An anonymous caller claiming to speak for "Islamic Jihad" threatens to kill one of the French diplomats unless Paris arranges the release of the two deported Iraqis. The caller also demands that Paris send Dr. Red to negotiate with the kidnapers. Red was involved in hostage negotiations last summer. (b)(3) Four members of a French television crew�Phillippe Rochot, Georges Hansen, Aurel Corenea, and Jean- Louis Normandin�are kidnaped after covering a Hizballah rally in Beirut's southern suburbs. (b)(3) 9 March 1986 An anonymous caller claims that "Islamic Jihad" was responsible for kidnaping the TV crew. (b)(3)V 9-13 March 19 February Paris expels four Iranians, four 1986 1986 Iraqis, and three Lebanese. Two of the Iraqis�Hamza Hadi Fawzi and Hassan Khayr al-Din, members of an Iraqi opposition group�are sent to Baghdad. Press reports claim that at least one is executed in Baghdad. 10 March Tehran, which supports Iraqi 1986 oppositionists, is said to be angered, further se**;-- back negotiation efforts. 6 March 1986 An anonymous caller tells a foreign news agency in Beirut that "Islamic Jihad" has executed Michel Seurat as a spy. He also criticizes Paris for deporting "innocent Muslims," particularly its two "Iraqi brothers." The caller warns that French policy in the Middle East is endangering its nationals and demands that French officials "move away from the destructive policy that they are pursuing, and abandon America and its affairs."E(b)(3)] 26 The French Ambassador to Iraq meets with the expelled Iraqis in Baghdad. Both are reported alive and in good health. (b)(3) A series of official and unofficial French mediators arrive in the Middle East to explore all possible avenues in the hostage crisis. Foreign Ministry officials travel to Beirut Damascus, and Tehran. (b)(3) Unidentified couriers deliver a statement in the name of "Islamic Jihad" to a foreign news agency in Beirut, along with three photographs. The statement says they are intended to prove the execution of the "specialized intelligence expert" Michel Seurat. French officials have identified the man in the photos as Seurat. (b)(1) (b)(3) Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Secret French press reports indicate that 15 March three shiploads of French small arms 1986 and ammunition are headed toward Iran. French officials deny that Paris authorized a direct shipment, but they probably knew the shinment 16 March would go to Iran. (b)(3) 1986 12 March Hizballah spiritual leader 1986 Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah calls for the release of the TV crew, b)(3) ''ling their kidnaping unjustified. ( 14 March 1986 Iraqi President Saddam Husayn pardons Fawzi and Khayr al-Dina and says they are fre(b)(3) back to France if they wish.r` Unidentified couriers deliver a videotape of hostages Kauffmann, 17 March Carton, and Fontaine to the Visnews 1986 Bureau in Beirut. The hostages address messages to their families and appeal for pressure to be brought upon the French Government to achieve their release. They also called on France to stop supporting Iraq. According to the US Embassy in Beirut, the hostages all appear physically and (b)(3) psychologically worn down. A statement delivered to a Western news agency in Beirut claims that the previously unknown "Organization of Revolutionary Justice" was responsible for kidnaping the French TV crew. This may be another covername for Hizballah elements, possibly acting without the approval of the Hizballah leadership. The statement, accompanied by photocopies of Hansen's identification card and Normandin's driver's license, criticized "French colonialism" in the Middle East.(b)(3) 27 Dr. Red returns to Paris, claiming that he met with the kidnapers and r(b)(3)1"new proposals" from them. The National Assembly elections in Paris bring a c-(-b--)-(3-ytive coalition to power. The Hizballah leadership releases a press communique denying any involvement in the French or other hostage affairs. The statement refutes Dr. Red's claim that he reached a compromise with the radical Shias, claiming he never met with a Hizballah official. Fadlallah, however, admits tbn* r1-. Red visited him. (b)(3) Syrian businessman Omran Adham tells the press in Paris that he is Mitterrand's personal envoy to Syrian President Assad. Adham did meet with Assad in Damascus two days earlier, but apparently did not receive any firm commitment from Assad to take further action on the hostage issue. Adham criticized Dr. Red for interfering and making "ill- considered" promises to the kidnapers. He says the hostages could be set free in "a few days," but that only Syria could guarantee their release. (b)(3) St t Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 1 ..1 1 I . Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 fi'ecrct Terrorism A Dainst French Interests in 1985 (b)(3) France experienced high levels of both domestic and international terrorism in 1985. Our data for last year record a total of 189 incidents involving French interests, causing 130 casualties: 27 fatalities, 97 wounded, and six victims of kidnapings. Indigenous groups were responsible for 144 attacks, and French personnel or property were targeted in 45 international incidents. France ranked a distant third overall as a target of international terrorist activity, behind Israel and the United States. (b)(3) The Setting France must contend with terrorist attacks from several separatist factions�in such diverse locations as Corsica, New Caledonia, and the French Caribbean�as well as from Action Directe, an indigenous anarchist movement with an international faction. The French also are victimized by the Spanish Basque separatist organization Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) and its French counterpart, Iparretarak. Moreover, international terrorist groups have targeted French ini(b)(3)�elsewhere in Europe and in the Middle East.[ Geographic, political, economic, and military factors combine to make France a particularly attractive setting for international terrorism. It is the geographic center of Western Europe, with six easily crossed international boundaries, and is readily accessible from Africa and the Middle East. The traditional French tolerance of political dissidents�as exemplified by its granting of asylum to persons suspected of involvement in terrorist activity� encouraged large numbers of radicals to take up residence there. France also has a large population of foreign students and immigrant workers, which terrorist groups, such as the Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Faction (LARF), have used as a source for both recruiting new members and building support networks. Economic and military factors, such as arms sales to Iraq and the French military presence in Lebanon, also prompt anti-French terrorist attacks, particularly in the Middle East. (b)(3) 29 Terrorism Against French Interests, 1985 Indigenous International Totals Incidents 144 45 189 Casualties Killed 10 17 27 Wounded 85 12 97 Kidnaped 6 6 Groups responsible National Front for the Liberation of Corsica 92 Action Directe 17 Anti-NATO 5 Iparretarak 11 New Caledonia related 9 Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance 1 1 Spanish Basques/Anti- terrorist Liberation Group 25 Hizballah 8 LARF/ASALA 2 Unknown/Miscellanenus 14 4 (b)(3) Separatist Violence Most anti-French terrorism is carried out by separatist groups attempting to win independence from France. One in particular, the National Front for the Liberation of Corsica (FLNC), accounted for 92 of the 144 indigenous incidents in 1985. The FLNC typically sets off multiple property bombs simultaneously during the night. While its attacks generally do not cause casualties, five persons were killed and four wounded last year. The group's operations in 1985 were sporadic and, for the fourth consecutive year, the number of FLNC attacks declined�a trend we expect to continue (b)(3) Secret Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 DI TR 86-005 April 1986 � I ..I 1 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Seerct Other separatist movements�Iparretarak, the New Caledonian Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front, the Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance, and the Breton Revolutionary Army�were responsible for 24 incidents in 1985. Most of these were property bombings; they caused only one fatality and no reported injuries.(b)(3) Action Directe Action Directe probably poses the greatest problem for French authorities. What makes this group particularly troublesome is its possible links to other European terrorist groups. Action Directe was responsible for 17 attacks in France in 1985, including the assassination of Gen. Rene Audran�a Ministry of Defense official responsible for foreign arms sales�and the attempted assassination of a second general officer. Action Directe also issued a joint communique with the West German Red Army Faction (RAF) in January 1985 in which the two groups announced they were forming an "anti- imperialist front" in Western Europe. The French terrorists were apparently involved in t�^ as part of this international movement(b)(3) We believe that Action Directe now has two factions. One of them�the "internationalists"�is made up of a few of the original AD leadership, and probably was active with both West German and Belgian terrorists in 1985. We suspect the second faction, the "domestic," is larger and did not approve of the alliance with the RAF. Analysis of recent activity suggests that the members of the second faction� whose identities are unknown to the police�prefer to continue traditional AD operations; that is, bombing property targets in the middle of the night. These attacks usually do not cause casualties and are related to various domestic political issues, such as French involvement in South Africa and the resurgence of rightist political parties. jb)(3) International Terrorism The French must contend with international terrorism in three dimensions�that growing out of the Spanish Basque movement, the anti-NATO campaign by the anti-imperialist front, and attacks upon French interests in Lebanon. (b)(3) France experienced 25 incidents related to Basque separatism in 1985. The lethal Antiterrorist Liberation Group (GAL) carried out 11 attacks against ETA exiles in France, killing 10 persons and wounding eight others. The ETA attacked 14 French targets in Spain in retaliation for the GAL attacks and in protest against France'(b)(3)dition of four ETA members to Spain. French targets in Lebanon were attacked 10 times last year, resulting in five fatalities and six kidnapings. Hizballah was responsible for eight of these incidents, and the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia and the LARF each carried out one attack. At the end of the year, four Frenchmen were still bein 1(3)-(3) hostages by elements of Hizballah. In addition to the assassination and attempted assassination of the two military officers by Action Directe, there were three anti-NATO incidents involving the French. A French-owned computer company in Cologne, West Germany, and the Central European Operating Agency (the NATO pipeline management office) in Versailles were bombed, and Action Directe took credit�along with the RAF�for the car bombing of the US Air For-- L--z. at Rhein- Main, West Germany. (b)(1) (b)(3) Four serious bombings were carried out by unknown perpetrators in France in 1985. We suspect that Middle Eastern terrorists were responsible. Three of these attacks were against department stores, killing one person and wounding 59 others. The other incident�the bombing of a cinema featuring a Jewish film festival�resulted in the wounding of some 18 persons. (b)(3)1 Outlook Terrorist activity in France is likely to continue in 1986, although we suspect the patterns are changing: � There probably will be more terrorist incidents in France carried out by Middle Eastern groups. In 30 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Secret particular, radical Islamic fundamentalists are likely to strike French interests in both France and Lebanon as long as a French presence remains in Lebanon and France continues to provide weapons to Iraq. Libya also may stage attacks against French targets if Paris continues to actively support the Government of Chad. � French police have had no recent success against Action Directe, and both its international and domestic factions appear to be capable of carrying out attacks at will. � The Antiterrorist Liberation Group is likely to continue its deadly campaign against Spanish Basques in France, which may provoke ETA to retaliate against French targets in Spain. (b)(3) On a more positive note, terrorist attacks by separatist groups against France probably will decline. The FLNC observed a self-imposed moratorium on violence from July 1985 through January 1986, but recently carried out several bombings. Iparretarak and the separatist movements in the French Caribbean and New Caledonia have been relatively quiet so far this year. Even if terrorist activity by the separatist groups declines, the new French Government still will have to contend with a formidable terrorist problem. In our view, France probably faces an increase in serious international terrorist activity that will more than offset the effects of reduced violence by separatist groups. Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 1 I I Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Sccrct Syrian-Sponsored 1,17_7 ism in Western Europe Syria sponsors terrorist attacks in Western Europe in a calculated effort to achieve both domestic and foreign policy goals. (b)(1) Syria officially denounces terrorism, but we believe it considers these operations part of its national security strategy and that it distinguishes such operations from terrorist incidents perpetrated by other i(b)(i that receive Syrian support. (b)(3) Syria has used its own agents and, since 1984, surrogate groups to execute operations. We believe Syria has increasingly employed surrogates in part because these groups can use their established cells in Western Europe�and the Palestinian and other Middle Eastern populations there�to support their operations. We also believe Syria facilitates these surrogate operations by using their diplomatic channels in Europe to transport operatives. Although Syria uses surrogates to shield itself from direct association with such operations, it runs the risk of being implicated in attacks that are carried out by Syrian-supported terrorist groups without Syrian endorsement. r(b)(3) The Early Focus Western Europe became a focus of Syrian-sponsored terrorism in the late 1970s when Syrian operatives pursued and executed anti-Assad dissidents there. Many Syrian dissidents, especially Muslim Brotherhood fundamentalists, had fled Syria to escape persecution and sought asylum in Western Europe. (b)(1) (b)(3) 33 Early attacks in Western Europe, believed to have been organized by Syrian intelligence and carried out by Syrian operatives to intimidate regime opponents, include: � The assassination of former Prime itii",;-,ter Salah al-Bitar in Paris on 21 July 1970. (b)(1) (b)(3) � The assassination attempt on Muslim Brotherhood leader Issam al-Attar in Aachen, West Germany, on 17 March 1981. The attack resulted in the death of Attar's wife (b)(1) � The attempt on 19 December 1981 to bomb the pro- Iraqi Arabic-language Al Watan al Arabi in Paris. (b)(1) (b)(3) There appeared to be a lull in Syrian operations in Western Europe in 1982 after the Assad regime subdued the Muslim Brotherhood at home. In addition, West European governments pressed Syria to end terrorist attacks on their territories. In early 1982, France obtained a Syrian pledge to reques(b)(i ) Nidal to refrain from attacks in France in exchE(b)(3) for an undisclosed French gesture, Before then, the Abu Nidal Group had been responsible for several terrorist operations in Western Europe directed against Syrian dissidents on behalf of Syria, (b)(1) (b)(3) �Seeret-- DI TR 86-005 April 1986 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 ..I I . Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Current Phase Syrian-sponsored terrorist incidents in Western Europe resumed in 1983 with attacks on pro-Arafat Palestinians and Jordanian diplomats. (b)(1) (b)(3) Several attacks on Jordanian personnel and facilities by Abu Nidal representatives took place after Jordan renewed diplomatic relations with Egypt in September 1984 and allowed the Palestine National Council to meet in Amman the following November. Syria encouraged these attacks in order to bring pressure on the Jordanians not to proceed independently in Middle Eastern peace negotiations. Attacks against Jordanians in Western Europe, believed to have been sponsored by Syria as part of this drive, include: � Attacks on 21 March 1985 on the offices of Alia� the Jordanian airline�in Rome, Athens, and Cyprus, claimed in the name of Black September, a covername used by the Abu Nidal Group. � The rocket attack on 3 April 1985 against the Jordanian Embassy in Rome. The attack wa.:(b)(1) claimed in t" ---ne of Black September, (b)(3) (b)(3) � The missile attack on 4 April 1985 against an Alia aircraft in Athens. The missile was fired at the aircraft as it took off from Athens airport. The warhead penetrated the fuselage but did not explode. � The assassination on 18 September 1985 of Jordanian publisher Michel al-Nimairi in Athens. Nimairi was a personal friend of PLO leader Yasir Arafat and publisher of the Arab-language magazine Al Nashra. The attack was claimed by Black September. Secret (b)(3) Syrian Use of Surrogates Syria increasingly uses Palestinian groups as surrogates to carry out operations in Western Europe, making it more difficult to implicate Syria in a particular incident. These surrogates often have cells in Europe that facilitate the coordination and execution of operations. Syria provides safehaven and training in facilities in Syria or Syrian-controlled territe- "3xchange for the surrogates' cooperation. (b)( (b)(1) (b)(3) Although most of the Abu Nidal Group's attacks have served Syrian interests, the group has its own agenda, and we believe operations conducted in Western Europe by this group do not always have Syrian endorsement, particularly since the group's involvement with Libya has increased. (b)(1) (b)(3) We believe Syria uses its embassies in Europe to support terrorist operations.63)(1 ) (b)(3) 34 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 II Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 tiet.tct (b)(1) (b)(3) Targets will continue to be chosen judiciously to prevent damaging Syria's relationship with West European states. A Syrian-Jordanian rapprochement may lead to fewer attacks against Jordanian personnel and facilities, but activity against pro-Arafat Palestinians will persist. In addition, activities conducted by Syrian-sponsored terrorist groups without Damascus'( b' will continue to implicate Syria. Because Syria attempts to conduct its terrorist operations in Western Europe in a manner that will not jeopardize its relations with European countries, we believe Syria refrains from cooperating with or sponsoring European terrorist groups (b)(1) (b)(3) Outlook We believe there is a high risk that Damascus will enlist surrogate groups to strike at US personnel and facilities in Western Europe if the United States launches a military strike against Syrian ta-^-*- (b)(1 ) (b)(3) We believe Syria will continue to selectively sponsor terrorist attacks as a means of furthering both domestic and foreign policy objectives and that Western Europe will remain a prime locale for such attacks. Ease of travel and the accessibility of targets facilitate operations in Western Europe. In addition, Syria's increased use of surrogates for its terrorist operations complicates efforts to interrupt their plans and shields Syria from direct ties to the attacks. (b)(3) 35 �Secret� (b)(3) Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 I I Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Sceret Terrorism in Asia in 1985� A Regional Profile (b)(3) International terrorism in Asia in 1985 generally followed the pattern of recent years, well below the level of activity in other regions of the world. Because most terrorist attacks in Asia continue to occur in the context of ongoing insurgencies, and because most Asian insurgent groups do not target foreigners or operate across national boundaries, terrorism in Asia tends to be predominantly domestic in character. Sikh terrorism was a notable exception to this pattern in 1985, in that it was international in scope, victimized foreigners, and maintained a high level of lethality. Other areas that we anticipated would be the sources of serious international terrorist problems in 1985� such as Sri Lanka's Tamils, Pakistan's Al-Zulfikar, and Japan's Chukaku-ha�were not. Isolated terrorist attacks occurred last year in such previously violence- free areas as Nepal and Singapore, but areas such as the Philippines, Indonesia, and New Caledonia did not experience as much terrorist-related violence as has been expected4(b)(3) The Sikhs During 1985, Sikh political violence within India returned to the high level of early 1984. Sikh extremists have sought for several years to gain additional political rights, religious status, and territorial concessions from the central government (some seek to found an independent state). Violence peaked in early 1984 as radicals conducted near daily murders of Hindus and conservative Sikh rivals. After the Indian Army stormed the stronghold of the largest group of militants in the Golden Temple in Amritsar in June 1984, Sikh violence declined, but resentment over the attack ran deep. (b)(3) The depth of Sikh anger was demonstrated most vividly in the October 1984 assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, but it was not expiated with her death. It was further fueled by the killing of more than 2,000 Sikhs in the aftermath of her death and carried over into 1985 in both domestic and international terrorist incidents. Sikh domestic terrorism reached its greatest intensity last year from 37 10 to 12 May in a series of bombings that left more than 85 persons dead and more than 150 wounded in Delhi and other cities in northern India. More than a dozen bombs, many of them boobytrapped portable radios, exploded in buses, bus stations, and other crowded areas. These attacks came just before the trial of the three Sikhs accused of murdering Mrs. Gandhi and represented the first massive outbreak of Sikh terrorism since that event (b)(3)1 The majority of Sikh terrorist attacks have remained domestic in nature�bombings, shootings, and robberies. The frequency began to increase during the summer of 1985, following a political agreement between Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and moderate Sikh leader Harchand Singh Longowal and leading up to statewide elections in Punjab last September. During this period, Sikh radicals assassinated Longowal and other important Sikh and Hindu political figures. It remains to be seen whether the current high rate of Sikh political violence within India will destroy the Punjab accords or lead to another crackdown there, but any attempt to implement the is apt to exacerbate the situation. (b)(3)- Sikh extremist activities outside India certainly had profound effects during 1985. Last year's most spectacular act of international terrorism was the downing of an Air India 747 over the North Atlantic on 23 June, probably by a bomb planted by Canadian- based Sikh extremists. This incident killed more people (329) than any other single terrorist attack we have recorded. The "Sikh Student Federation, 10th Regiment" claimed responsibility. The 10th, or Dashmesh, Regiment is a militant Sikh group responsible for many acts of terrorism and communal violence within India since 1981. On the same night, another bomb exploded in the baggage-handling area of Tokyo's Narita Airport, killing two Japanese �Seef DI TR 86-005 April 1986 11 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 workers. This incident is also believed to be the work of Canadian-based Sikhs who intended the bomb to explode aboak 6)(3)her Air India jet bound for India from the east. Sikhs in the United States were among those living abroad who were outraged by the storming of the Golden Temple and by the killings of Sikhs that followed Mrs. Gandhi's assassination. In late 1984 a small group of Sikhs in the United States attempted to obtain weapons and training to enable them to conduct assassinations and to bomb theaters, bridges, hotels, industrial plants, and nuclear facilities in India. Their efforts came to the attention of the FBI, which began to monitor the group and gather information on its plans and members. In early April 1985, the group sought help from its undercover FBI contact in arranging the assassination of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi during his June visit to the United States. The group also decided to attack the chief minister of the state of Haryana, whom they held responsible for the harassment of Sikhs in his state, while he was receiving medical treatment in New Orleans in May. The FBI acted before that attack could (b)(3)ice and arrested five of the conspirators.r These acts represented both a quantum leap in lethality for Sikh extremists and a geographic broadening of the Sikh separatist struggle. They were apparently carried out by small groups of outraged radicals who operated on an ad hoc basis, not on behalf of any established terrorist groups. Although there have been no comparable attacks outside India since mid-1985, Sikh radicals seeking control of temple management committees in the United Kingdom have attack/7j\ ;,,�,)Tral Sikh moderates there since last November.ku)l'-1 The Tamil Insurgency Sri Lanka's Tamil separatist struggle simmered all year, moderated to some extent by a shaky cease-fire that began in June. Terrorist acts committed by the insurgents against noncombatants were few; most of the half-dozen major Tamil groups fighting for an independent state restricted their attacks to police and military forces. One notable exception was the bloodiest terrorist attack ever conducted up to that time outside Lebanon�the machinegun massacre of more than 150 persons at the Buddhist (b)(3)of Anuradhapura on 14 May. No group claimed "credit" for those killings, which included women, children, and Buddhist monks and nuns, and most of the guerrilla groups condemned the attack. No arrests were ever made in the case, but the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, the most lethal of the separatist groups, was probably responsible. While the cease-fire--arranged by India and announced during meetings between government and guerrilla leaders in Nepal in June�soon afterward ensured that no further acts of that magnitude occurred, no substantial progress has been made toward resolving Tamil political demands and the potent'' ---ains high for future terrorist attacks. (b)(3) In contrast to the kidnapings and bombing attacks against foreigners that occurred in 1984, there were no attacks against foreigners or US citizens in 1985. Viewed in retrospect, most Tamil groups probably saw those brief forays into international terrorism as having been counterproductive to their cause, although some groups may be tempted by the prospect of Western publicity. The climate of violence is such that further insurgent attacks against civilians are likely and may cause some foreign casualties if they take place in Colombo. (b)(3) Al-Zulfikar The Pakistani terrorist group Al-Zulfikar, which raised concerns in late 1983 and mid-1984 because it targeted Americans and other Westerners, appeared to have virtually collapsed during 1985. Aside from a few bombings within Pakistan early in the year,' the group has been totally inactive and has not carried out a successful international terrorist attack in more than two years. Al-Zulfikar appears never to have ' Most international terrorism in Pakistan has involved attacks on Afghan refugees and resistance groups. We believe these attacks were carried out either by agents of the Afghan security service or by members of other resistance groups. Agents of the Afghan service are also believed to have conducted some attacks against Pakistani targets and to have kidnaped Chinese and Australian aid personnel last year. 38 (b)(3) Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 recovered from its disastrous July 1984 attempt to seize foreign hostages in Vienna, and it suffered another severe 1-113--\-13)1985 when one of its coleaders died in France. k 1k Shahnawaz Bhutto, younger brother of Al-Zulfikar founder Murtaza Bhutto and son of executed former Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto for whom the group was named, was found dead in his Cannes apartment on 18 July. French police initially suspected a drug overdose as the cause of death, but later arrested Shahnawaz's wife on charges of having poisoned him. The combination of his death, disorganization following the Vienna attempt, Pakistani security forces' successes, and the late 1985 lifting of martial law made it difficult for Al-Zulfikar to recruit and operate at home, and it still lacks the sophistication to operate successfully abroad. All these factors, plus the presence in New Delhi of a new Indian government less inclined to support antiregime activities in Pakistan and Sri Lanka, make it unlikely that the grot--1,-17-4 return to its high level of activity of 1981-82 Japan Terrorism in Japan, as in other countries in Asia, did not match anticipated levels in 1985, and international terrorism there actually declined. The most dangerous group, Chukaku-ha (Nucleus Faction), started 1985 with a rocket attack on the US Consulate General in Kobe at 0600 hours on 1 January, when the building was unoccupied, but did not attack any foreign targets for the rest of the year. While that attack did no damage and caused no casualties, at least one of the three homemade rockets contained antipersonnel shrapnel. That fact, plus a rocket "factory" discovered later in January and threatening literature published by the group in February, raised concerns early in the year that Chukaku-ha was moving toward a revised targeting strategy that would include more attacks on US interests and that would produce casualties. Neither concern turned out to be justified, however. Although Chukaku-ha did mount more domestic attacks within Japan in 1985 than in most previous years, almost all of them were low-level attacks against property, primarily against the longtime favorite target, Narita Airport, in the first half of the year, and then against other transportation facilities on behalf of rail workers later in the year. (b)(3) 39 Chukaku-ha demonstrated its ability to conduct large-scale guerrilla-type operations. For example, the group was able to paralyze rail traffic in November. Although it has a limited capability to disrupt the coming economic summit in May,' as long as it seeks to avoid casualties and has no access to military weapons or high explosives, it poses more of a nuiE(b)(3ilan a threat to Japanese national security. The best known terrorist group in Asia, the Japanese Red Army, remained inactive in the Bekaa Valley in Lebanon. Its last terrorist operation was in 1977 and its current strength is probably less than 20 members. The group's only public "appearance" in 1985 was to receive its released member Kozo Okamoto, who had been held by the Israelis since the Lod Airport massacre in 1972. By all accounts, Okamoto's release does not portend any increase in the group's capability or reflect any intention to become more active. The JRA probably retains some limited capability to conduct terrorist attacks if permitted to do so by its longtime patron, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, but is unlikely to act without PFLP approval and support. The JRA is the only known gr-sms it might target Japanese interests abroad. (b)(3) The Philippines The two major insurgent groups continued their attacks against the government infrastructure and the civilian population last year, but, once again, acts of international terrorism were rare in the Philippines. Hotel fires in Manila and Baguio in late 1984 and early 1985 left several American citizens dead and injured, but those fires that could be proved to be arson seemed to be labor related, rather than politically motivated. A grenade attack against a Peace Corps vehicle was later determined to have been directed at the Fi"-'-- iriver by an angry business associate (b)(3)1 Even when the Communist New People's Army (NPA) killed an American citizen, that murder did not mark the abandonment of the group's policy of For a more detailed examination of Chukaku-ha and the threat it poses to the economic summit, see the Focus article at the beginning of this issue � (b)(3) Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Sccrct North Korea North Korea is well known as a trainer and supplier of terrorist and insurgent groups in the 1970s and as a practitioner of international terrorism on its own behalf (the Rangoon incident of 1983), but P'yongyang apparently was not involved in terrorist incidents in 1985. Its major target has always been South Korea. During 1985 it continued efforts to recoup diplomatic ground lost in the aftermath of the Rangoon bombing and to present a more responsible image. Most of North Korea's weapons exports now go to Third World governments willing to pay for them, in contrast to its previous practice of arming insurgent groups. The arms it supplies to its primary customer, Iran, are used by Tehran's armed forces. (b)(1) (b)(3) restraint toward Americans. The victim was a former military officer born in the Philippines who had become a naturalized US citizen and then returned to the Philippines as a farmer. The motivation for the killing was his refusal to pay protection money, rather than his citizenship, which the guerrillas may well not have known. The NPA continued to carry out urban terrorism in provincial capitals, including the assassinations of governors and mayors and the frequent murders of ordinary citizens, but did not move their violence into Manila, even in the period leading up to the February presidential elections. The NPA is large, well equipped, and capable of attacks on US citizens or facilities at any tir-R:\ '"- , 7,; we have no indication that it plans to do so. (u)k�1 The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) conducted only one act of international terrorism in 1985 when it kidnaped a Japanese photographer in January. The group had been holding an American and a West German since November 1984, but it released them in December 1985. The photographer was released in March 1986. The MNLF continues to conduct guerrilla warfare on the island of Mindanao, and, although it seizes foreign hostages from time to time, it is largely an insurgent group that occasionally uses terrorist tactics. (b)(3) Other Areas Other countries that appeared to have developing terrorist problems during 1984 likewise returned to a low level by the end of 1985. Indonesia had experienced a series of bombings and fires in late 1984 and early 1985 conducted by conservative Islamic groups upset over the government's secular policies. Indonesian authorities made a number of arrests in 1985�followed up with prosecution and stiff sentences. The level of significant incidents in the country off sharply for the rest of the year. (b)(3) Terrorist-like bombings and other political violence began in New Caledonia in late 1984 and persisted during 1985. The violence has been generated both by anti-independence French settlers and by members of the proindependence Kanak National Socialist Liberation Front. Although there have been no fatalities on the island attributable to acts of terrorism, mob violence has claimed several lives and Noumea's main courthouse was damaged by a bomb. The potential for further violence will likely be influenced by French decisions on the status of the territory. (b)(3) On the Horizon Besides the areas already mentioned, significant terrorist incidents occurred last year in two other Asian countries that were previously free of the phenomenon. Although these attacks were apparently isolated and not indicative of new trends toward violence, they show that no country is immune from acts of terrorism. On 17 March, a bomb exploded in front of a building housing the Israeli and Canadian Embassies in Singapore. Although no group claimed credit for the abortive attack (the Israeli Embassy is on the 11th floor and the Canadian on the eighth to 10th), the involvement of a foreign terrorist group cannot be ruled out. This was the first terrorist incident in Singapore in this decade, but we have no reason to believe that any further violence is likely from domestic groups or foreign terrorists.' ' Almost all acts of international terrorism in Singapore have been "imported" rather than "homegrown"; the best known terrorist group to use Singapore as its stage was the Japanese Red Army in 1977. 40 (b)(3) Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 SAcret On 20 and 21 June, a series of bombings in Kathmandu and other nearby towns in Nepal killed several persons and wounded a dozen others. Because one of the fatalities was an Indian citizen, we counted one of those acts as Nepal's first international incident. The attacks were apparently committed by an antimonarchist group based in India. Although Nepalese authorities evidently had no success in rounding up the culprits, no other terrorist incidents occurred during the rest of the year. (b)(3) (b)(3) Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 1 1 J. Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 II Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Steret The Terrorism Diary for May (b)(3) Below is a compendium of May dates of known or conceivable signlficance to terrorists around the world. Our inclusion of a date or event should not by itself be conEA:\7fo suggest that we expect or anticipate a commemorative terrorist event. r(u)(5 ) 1 May Jewish world. Last day of Passover. 1 May 1888 Socialist world. May Day (commemorates labor violence in Chicago). 1 May El Salvador. The first week of May contains several dates of import to leftwing and rightwing elements; consequently, political violence tends to peak during this period. I May 1980 2 May 1953 2 May 1982 4 May 1919 4 May 1978 4 May 1986 4 May 1986 5 May 1862 5 May 1941 5 May 1945 5 May 1954 5 May 1955 Peru. The destruction of electoral material in Chuschi, Cangallo Province, marked the beginning of armed struggle by Sendero Luminoso; this anniversary is commemorated by acts of violence throughout the month. Jordan. King Hussein assumes constitutional power. Argentina, United Kingdom. Argentine cruiser Belgrano sunk by British submarine in Falklands war. China. Student groups form Anti-Japanese Movement. Namibia. Kasinga Day (commemorates raid by South African forces that left hundreds dead). Greek Orthodox world. Easter Sunday. Japan. Tokyo Economic Summit opens (closes 6 May). Mexico. Cinco de Mayo (commemorates victory over forces of Napoleon III). Ethiopia. Liberation Day. Netherlands. Liberation Day. Paraguay. Coup against elected government of President Federico Chavez by Gen. Alfredo Stroessner Mattiauda brought current regime to power. West Germany. West Germany becomes member of NATO. 43 (b)(3) �See-Pat-- DI TR 86-005 April 1986 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 I I 0 II Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 6 May 1900 Iran. Birthday of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. 8 May 1945 Czechoslovakia. Liberation Day. 8 May 1945 East Germany. Liberation Day. 8 May 1945 West Germany. Capitulation of the Third Reich. 8 May 1979 El Salvador. Police fired into a crowd on the steps of San Salvador cathedral demonstrating solidarity with leftwing activists who had occupied the French and Costa Rican Embassies; at least 25 demonstrators were killed. 8 May 1984 Libya. Armed dissidents attack President Mu'ammar Qadhafi's Azizziya barracks. 9 May Muslim world. Ramadan (month of fasting) begins. 9 May 1881 Romania. Independence Day. 9 May 1945 Albania. Victory Day. 9 May 1945 Poland. Victory Day. 9 May 1945 Soviet Union. Victory Day. 9 May 1945 Yugoslavia. Victory Day. 9 May 1976 West Germany. Suicide in prison of Ulrike Meinhof, founding member of Red Army Faction (RAF). 10 May Jordan. Arab Resistance Day. 10 May 1985 India. Night of Sikh bombings leaves 80 dead, 200 wounded in New Delhi, other cities. 11 May 1983 Chile. Anti-Pinochet demonstrations put down forcefully by government. 11 May 1984 Chile. Wave of bombings against government targets. 13 May 1981 Vatican City. Attempt on the life of Pope John Paul II by Mehmet Ali Agca. 14 May 1811 Paraguay. Independence Day. 14 May 1948 Israel. Republic Day (declaration of independence). 14 May 1948 Middle East. Beginning of the first Arab-Israeli war. Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 IL_ Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Secret 14 May 1985 15 May 1948 16 May 1983 16 May 1985 17 May 1814 17 May 1983 18 May 1980 18 May 1980 19 May 1890 19 May 1895 20 May 1927 20 May 1972 20 May 1973 Sri Lanka. Tamil separatists kill more than 150 in a machinegun attack on a Buddhist shrine at Anuradhapura. Palestinians. Palestine Day (end of UN mandate); the 15 May Organization, founded in 1979 by a remnant of the Special Operations Group of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), takes its name from this event. Sudan. Founding of the Sudanese People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and Liberation Movement (SPLM). Peru. The Maoist group Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) marks its fifth anniversary with a wave of bombings, including attacks on the US Ambassador's residence and the Chinese Embassy. Norway. Constitution Day (independence day). Lebanon, Israel. Signing of the troop withdrawal accord (known as the 17 May agreement). South Korea. Civilian uprising staged in Kwangju against military rule; this anniversary is usually marked by student demonstrations. Peru. Beginning of Sendero Luminoso's armed struggle. Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh's birthday. Cuba. Death of nationalist hero Jose Marti. Saudi Arabia. Independence Day. Cameroon. National Day (declaration of the republic). Western Sahara. Polisario begins armed struggle. 20 May 1978 Japan. Opening of New Tokyo International Airport (Narita); this anniversary is the focus of demonstrations and terrorist attacks. 22 May 1972 Sri Lanka. Republic Day. 23 May 1949 West Germany. Proclamation of the Federal Republic. 23 May 1951 China. Tibet declared to be under Chinese sovereignty. 24 May Buddhist world. Birthday of Gautama Buddha. 25 May 1810 Argentina. Beginning of the revolution against Spain. 45 �Sucre= Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 I I II II II Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 25 May 1892 Yugoslavia. Birthday of Josip Broz Tito. 25 May 1923 Jordan. Independence Day. 25 May 1946 Jordan. Constitutional monarchy established. 25 May 1963 Africa. African Freedom Day; Day of Africa (founding of the Organization of African Unity). 25 May 1965 Colombia. Founding of the Communist Party of Colombia/Marxist-Leninist (PCC/ML), the now-defunct parent organization of the People's Liberation Army (EPL) terrorist group. 25 May 1967 Bermuda. Bermuda Day (constitution adopted). 25 May 1986 Colombia. Presidential election scheduled. 26 May 1966 Guyana. Independence Day. 28 May 1983 France, French Caribbean. Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance (ARC) surfaces with 17 coordinated bombings. 30 May 1919 Afghanistan. Independence from Great Britain. 30 May 1961 Dominican Republic. Liberty Day (assassination of Gen. Raphael Trujillo). 30 May 1967 Nigeria. Declaration of independence by Biafra. 30 May 1972 Israel. Massacre at Lod Airport by members of the Japanese Red Army. 30 May 1981 Bangladesh. Assassination of Ziaur Rahman. 31 May 1910 South Africa. Union Day (four provinces merged to form Union of South Africa). 31 May 1961 South Africa. Proclamation of the republic. (b)(3) 46 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837, II Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 �Secret (b)(3) 18 December 1985 January 1986 1 January 3 January 15 January 17 January Chronology of Terrorism-1985 and 1986 Below are described noteworthy foreign and international events involving terrorists, or the use of terrorist tactics, which have occurred or come to light since our last issue. In some cases, the perpetrators and their motivations may not be known. Events and developments that hallo already been described elsewhere in this publication are not included. (b)(3) New Caledonia: Bomb destroys vehicle of European member of Kanak Independence Movement. The explosion occurred near the building housing the Australian Consulate General, and the building was There was no damage and no one has claimed responsibility. (b)(3) Sweden: Authorities arrest PLO member employed by PLO office in Stockholm. He reportedly was suspected of planning unspecified te1(b)(3)1cts in Sweden, and the prosecutor recommended that he be expelled. South Africa: Mutilated bodies of two policemen found near Moutse. They had been investigating an arson case that followed clashes between supporters and (b)(3) opponents of the district's incorporation into the Kwandebele homeland. Iraq: Unsuccessful assassination attempt against President Saddam Husayn in Baghdad. An explosive-laden truck was discovered parked alcd-3-0 j route of Husayn's motorcade, and his itinerary was changed. (b)(3) Italy: Several gunmen wound director of Arab-language radio station in Rome. The victim stated that he had received several threats because of his support for Libyan art'braian dissidents. He believes the Libyan Government was behind the attack. Angola: Car bomb explodes outside Invernosol Building in Luanda, damaging several Cuban offices. The Na1(b)(35Jnion for the Total Independence of Angola has claimed responsibility. India: Police defuse parcel bomb left in New Delhi house. The 4.5-kg bomb was fitted with a timer and remote control detonator. Police suspect Sikh extremists. (b)(3) 47 et. el DI TR 86-005 April 1986 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 I I 0 I I Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 20 January 25 January 26 January 27 January 29 January 31 January Pakistan: Lahore Court sentences three Sikh hijackers to death and seven others to life imprisonment; four were acquitted. They hijacked an Indian Airlines Boeing 737 on 5 July 1984 t(-03)(Laiize a demand for a separate Sikh homeland in India's Punjab State. Philippines: Two New People's Army members kill Human Settlements worker and his wife in Cebu. He was the 19th Human Settlements community field- worker to be slain in the last three years. (b)(3) Angola: UNITA claims responsibility for bomb attack on Bulgarian nationals in Benguela. The explosion occurred in a housing area and caused extensive damage. The number of casualties is not known. (b)(3) Pakistan: Police blame two recent bombings in Frontier Province on Afghan agents. Twelve persons were injured in an explosion at a tea shop; in the second attack, three persons were killed and 29 nthers wounded in the offices of Pakistan International Airlines in Peshawar. (b)(3) India: Two unidentified gunmen kill Congress-I Party district ''"..*Lar in auto ambush in Amritsar. No one has claimed responsibility. (b)(3) India: Bridge bombed in Tamil Nadu. A second, unexploded bomb and handwritten posters were also found. Authorities suspect a grow- "" the "Kisan (Farmer) Liberation Front" is responsible for the incident (b)(3)1 Japan: Stolen trucks set ablaze under two railway overpasses in Tokyo. No group has yet claimed responsibility, but police suspect the terrorist Chukaku-ha (Nuc1eu(b)(3jon), which has conducted other attacks in support of railway workers. Canada: Police question militant Sikh leader about bomb found at Indian newspaper in Vancouver. The homes of local militant leaders were raided, and unspecified quantities of weapons and explosives reportedly were confiscated. UAE: Small bomb explodes at alcohol warehouse in Ajman. (b)(3yere no casualties and no group has claimed responsibility. Lebanon: Three local leaders of Armenian Dashnag Party assassinated in Beirut. A caller claimed credit on behalf of the "Armenian Revolutionaries Union," which may be affiliated with the leftwing Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia. No mention was made of a fourth Dashnag member who was also reported kidnaped. (b)(3) (b)(3) Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 -Seffet� January-February 1 February 2-3 February 3, 6 February Sudan: Southern rebels fire on civilian planes. Rebel fire narrowly missed both charter aircraft and UN planes during several incidentc Pilots are now reluctant to fly into southern Sudan, except to Juba. (b)(3) Italy: Bomb defused outside Desenzano railroad station. The station is used by US Air Force personnel and their dependents, but there is no evidence that US personnel were specifically targeted. No one has claimed responsibility. (b)(3) Greece: Two homemade bombs explode in Patisia, causing minor damage, no injuries. The first exploded in a trash can and the second at the e-f---^e to an apartment building. No organization claimed responsibility. (b)(3)- Greece: Powerful bombs destro2(b)(3)irs in Athens. There were no injuries and no claims of responsibility. 4 February Spain: Car bomb in San Sebastian seriously injur(b)(3yeman and his daughter. No group has claimed credit for the attack. (b)(1) (b)(3) Early February 6 February Iraq: Eleven Iraqi dissidents and four Iranians executed for planning car bomb attacks. the 15 terror(*6)(3)re linked to four Syrian-trained saboteurs apprehended in late 1985. Ethiopia: West German released after being held for four months by Sudanese People's Liberation Army. Before agreeing to hand the hostage over, SPLA negotiators declared they would conti--(b- 0)take foreigners found in contested areas into "protective custody." Japan: Police defuse firebomb found at Osaka office building. The device consisted of a timer and two bags filled with a flammable liquid. No one has claimed responsibility. (b)(3) France: Authorities release and expel two members of Abu Nidal Group jailed for assassination of PLO representative in Paris. The two had .Prv,-,1 half of their sentences and were freed on parole before being expelled.r(b)(3) India: Unknown assailants kill All-India Sikh Students Federation (AISSF) president in Punjab. No one has claimed responsibility for the shooting. Members of the previously outlawed AISSF were responsible for much of the Sikh-vs.-Sikh terrorism in the Punjab over the last five years. (b)(3) 49 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Secret 7 February 8 February 9 February 11 February 12 February 13 February 14 February France: Bomb damages courthouse in Nice. There were no casualties. Police found leaflets at the scene calling for "political status for Corsican patriots." (b)(3) France: Three gunmen wielding automatic weapons attack Bayonne bar. Five persons, including a 3-year-old girl and three Basque refugees, were wounded. No group claimed responsibilityj (b)(3)1 Greece: Handgrenade attack in Glyfada damages car owned by Greek-"'can. As in similar attacks, there has been no claim of responsibility. (b)(3) (b)(3) United Kingdom: Incendiary device explodes in south London store. There were no injuries. No group has claimed responsibility. (b)(3) Belgium: Brussels municipal officials close Iranian Cultural Center amid threats of retaliation from Iran. Officials acted in response to fears that the center might become a focus for Iranian-sponsored terrorist activities in West--- r'rope. A similar cultural center was closed recently in Paris. (b)(3) France: Bomb explodes in French-Caribbean restaurant in Paris. The bomb caused minor damage but no injuries. No one has claimed responsibility West Germany: Police disarm bomb at South African Foundation ox,�0 Bonn. The Revolutionary Cells terrorist group claimed responsibility.I�(b)(3)] France: Three gunmen with automatic weapons attack customers in bar in St. Jean de Luz. Several people were wounded, including a Spanish Basque refugee, and one of the gunmen was arrested. T(b)(3)titerrorist Liberation Group claimed responsibility for the attack. (b)(3) Belgium: Homemade bomb defused at Soviet airline office in Brussels. Aeroflot (b)(3) had received no threats or warnings, and no one claimed responsibility. Spain: Iraultza claims credit for bombing Citibank office in Vitoria. The bomb caused some damage to the bank and adjacent buildings but no injuries. The communique c7'' the action was carried out "on behalf of the anti-NATO movement." 50 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 II Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Secret Colombia: Terrorists on motorcycle murder Jewish businessman and his companion in downtown Bogota. The victim had played a role in negotiating an end to the M-19 seizure of the Dominican Embassy in 1980 and had acted as an intermediary i(b)(3))m negotiations with terrorist groups. No one claimed responsibility. 15 February 16 February 17 February 18 February Portugal: Director General of prison services assassinated near his home in Lisbon. The terrorist group Popular Forces of 25 April, ,FP�,,-,-A of whose members are currently imprisoned, claimed responsibility. 11p)(3) Spain: Police arrest five alleged ETA members and detain four suspected informers in Bilbao. The ETA members were charged with murdering a police (b)(3) chief in Munguia in 1979 and killing a civilian in Bilbao in 1984. France: Suspected ETA -M propaganda chief deported to Cape Verde Islands. He was arrested in Biarritz on 25 November 1985 and originally given a three-month prison sentence on arms charges. Two other ETA members had been deported to Cape Verde on 28 January. (b)(3)] Portugal: Abu Nidal member released on conditional liberty and expelled. The man was acquitted in the 1983 assassination of PLO representative Issam Sartawi, (b)(3) was convicted of using a false passport and was serving three years in prison. Luxembourg: Bomb destroys automobile in front of prominent notary's residence in suburb of Cents. No one has claimed responsibility for the bombing, the first since early December. (b)(3) Denmark: Gambian suspect in October 1985 murder of t-- F.�lens in Barcelona arrested in Copenhagen. (b)(1) (b)(3) France: Two gunmen in car murder 60-year-old man and 16-year-old girl in Biodarray. Police suspect th(b5(3)errorist Liberation Group mistook them for Basque sympathizers. Iran: Small parcel bomb explodes at bus station in south Tehran, killing one person and injuring two others. A previously unknown anti-Khomeini group, the "Azadi (Freedom) Organization," claimed responsibility. (b)(3) Portugal: Bomb explodes in trunk of American-owned car at US Embassy in Lisbon. There were no injuries and no major property damage. The Popular Forces of 25 April claimed responsibility for the attack. (b)(3) 51 �SEtrret� Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Spy ref (b)(3) 23 February 24 February 25 February 26 February Israel: Bomb explodes near Jerusalem's Jaffa Gate. No casualties were reported. An unspecified number of suspects were detained for questioning (b)(3) West Germany: Improvised explosive devices destrt(b)(3)telephone booths in Dusseldorf. No one has claimed responsibility. Israel: Bomb in Oirvat MalWhi discovered and detonated harmlessly. An unspecified num 1/ 1,e suspects, presumably Palestinians, were later detained for interrogation. (u)'-/) New Caledonia: Ten-kilogram bomb destroys building housing tax e4c^^- 'n Noumea. There were no injuries and no claim of responsibility. (b)(3) France: Homemade bomb damages building in central Paris. The bomb's target is not known; the building housed a military health insurance office and an employees cafete14- the Banque Nationale de Paris. There have been no claims of responsibility. r(b)(3) Italy: Italian Air Force sergeant, businessman arrested for spying for Libya. The two we-i-b--\ 73---jsed of handing over documents to Libya concerning a NATO base in Sicily.rk )k Lebanon: Car bomb explodes at entrance to Palestinian refugee camp in Sidon. The blast, which killed the driver and injured seven other persons, came 10 minutes before hundreds of Palestinians were scheduled to assemble at the (b)(3) entrance for a demonstration. No group has claimed responsibility Japan: Japanese Red Army member surrenders at Tokyo police station. Yoshiaki Yamada had been jailed in 1974 for sabotaging a Singapore oil refinery and was freed in exchange for hostages taken by the JRA at the French Embassy in The Hague later that same year. Police do not know why or how he returned to Japan; he had been living with other JRA members in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley. 27 February France: Bomb explodes outside Paris bookshop, causing slight damage but no injuries. No one claimed credit for the attack.(b)(3) 52 (b)(3) Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 �Secret- West Germany: Incendiary device discovered under construction vehicle at NATO slipway construction site at Offenbach' Rumpenhiem. Inclement weather apparently pre(bvi)the device from detonating. No group has claimed responsibility.[� i� Spain: Three members of October the First Antifascist Resistance Group fail in attempt to rob Zaragoza savings bank. The robbers took hostages during the attempt but subsequently released them. T(b)(3rects were arrested immediately and a third was captured on 3 March. Israel: Two Arab terrorists get reduced sentences in bomb plantings. They had been serving 25-year sentences and had successfully appealed for reduced sentences on the grounds that Jewish underground members had received lighter sentences. A military appeals court reduced their terms to 18 years each. (b)(3) 28 February 2 March 3 March 4 March 5 March Israel: Three infiltrators surprised going through fence on Lebanese border. Two of them were killed, and the other surrendered. They wore Israeli Army uniforms over civilian clothes and had planned to take Israeli hostages to exchange for (b)(3) prisoners belonging to the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine. Israel: Bomb explosion in East Jerusalem causes no damage or injuries. The bomb went off near the Siloam Pool in Silwan. No one took credit for the incident. (b)(3) France: Iparretarak claims five bomb attacks in Basque region. The bombs exploded within minutes of each other, causing little damage and no injuries. The targets were political offices in Biarritz and Anglet, the home and(b)(3) two policemen in Bayonne, and a private house in Souriade. Dominican Republic: Bomb explodes at US-affiliated telephone company offices in San Cristobal. The medium-size device, hurled by unidentified individuals who fled by car, caused considerable damage to the facade of the building but no casualties. The company, a subsidiary of General Telephone and Elec*-^^'^ handles the country's entire telephone communications system. (b)(3)- Colombia: M-19 guerrillas take seminarians and workers hostage, request to meet Pope during his July visit. Members of the 19 April Movement occupied a seminary north of Bogota for 12 hours and briefly held captive 49 seminarians and (b)(3) 79 workers whom they kidnaped at their workplaces and bused to the seminary. South Africa: Police arrest white woman in connection with bombing incidents in Johannesburg. Limpet mines of the type used by the African National Congress were found in her possession. (b)(3) 53 --Seczet� Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 I 1 V Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 6 March 7 March 8 March 9 March Spain: Police suspect Basque group Iraultza behind second bombing of US- affiliated company in Bilbao. Damage was slight, and there were no injuries. No nne has claimed responsibility for the attack, the second such on the firm in a year. (b)(3) Colombia: Bomb thrown into restaurant kills two, wounds nine others. A policeman and a civilian were killed. No one claimed resnonsibility for the attack, which occurred two days before national elections. (b)(3) France: Two hooded gunmen kidnap Seychelles Consul and daughter in their apartment in Marseilles. The motive for the incident is not clear, but the gunmen (b)(3)urrendered to the police three hours later and released their hostages unharmed. Argentina: Bomb explodes at La Plata Catholic University in Buenos Aires. Although there were no casualties(b)(3ffices were destroyed. No one claimed responsibility for the attack. Guadeloupe: Four molotov cocktails thrown at political campaign rally in Capesterre-Belle Eau. One person in the crowd of 400 was critically wounded. No one has claimed responsibility for the attack, (.13)" (ifials suspect the Popular Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe Angola: Ten foreign kidnap victims escape from UNITA rebels in Andrada. The citizens of Portugal, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, and Angola had been workers of the Diamang Company and were being forced to march to rebel- controlled territories during the rainy season. They were among an estimated 175 foreign wc"---- being held by guerrillas of the Union for the Total Liberation of Angola. (b)(3) Pakistan: Unsuccessful attempt made to bomb Iraqi Consul General's car in Karachi. The bomb fell off the moving car and exploded in the road, causing no damage. No group has claimed responsibility for the attack. I (b)(3) 11 March Spain: ETA-M claims kidnaping of Basque industrialist. The group reportedly has not made contact with the hostage's family. (b)(3) 13 March Colombia: Police kill top M-19 leader Alvaro Fayad in Bogota apartment. Fayad, who took control of the guerrilla grow n in February 1985, is the third M-19 leader to die in the last three years (b)(3) South Africa: UNITA frees two Portuguese nationals captured last year in (b)(3) Angola. They arrived in Johannesburg on an International Red Cross plane. Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 14 March 15 March 16 March 17 March 18 March (b)(3) Spain: Alleged ETA terrorists and one policeman (b)(3)shootout in San Sebastian. One terrorist apparently escaped. Afghanistan: Bomb on bus kills eight, wounds nine in Herat. The explosion occurred two days before the seventh anniversary of a l'" --rising in Herat. No one has claimed responsibility for the bombing. (b)(3) New Zealand: Police issue new arrest warrants for Rainbow Warrior suspects. New Zealand police suspect three French Army officers of chartering a yacht to transport the explosives used in the Rainbow Warrior attack. Previous warrants for the officers' arrest were issued under aliases the men assumed for the mission. (b)(3) (b)(3) France: Explosion destroys prefabricated building of Jenne Africa magazine in Paris. There were no casualties. Claims of responsibility were made on behalf of the previously unknown "Groupe Oriach" and the Charles Martel Club, an extreme rightist group. (b)(3) Portugal: Anonymous bomb threat interrupts Social Democratic Party meeting in Lisbon. The meeting was postponed until the following morning. (b)(3) Peru: Unidentified gunmen attack Argentine Consulate in Lima with submachineguns and two homemade bombs that fail to o-nba-. No injuries were reported, and there was no claim of responsibility. (b)(3) Greece: Homemade bomb explodes at Hellenic American Union in Athens, causing little damage. Police inspecting the area found and disposed of a second, similar bomb. The leftit(b)(3)) Revolutionary People's Struggle has claimed responsibility. India: United Akali Dal leader murdered on railroad tracks in Punjab. He was the elder stepbrother of Sikh leader Bhindranwale who was killed during the storming of the Golden Temple in June 1984. No one has claimed responsibility for the incident. (b)(3)1 55 Sccrct Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 H 1 L .1 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Japan: Moro National Liberation Front frees Japanese photographer in Manila. He was kidnaped in January 1985. No ransom was paid, but Japanese officials reportedly promised to provide medical aid to the Muslim population of the Philippines. [(b)(3) 20 March 27 March West Germany: Stuttgart court sentences three alleged Red Army Faction members to lengthy prison terms. Christa Eckes was sentenced to eight years; Ingrid Jacobsmeier to nine years; and Manuela Happe to 15 years' (b)(3)- ment for membership in a terrorist organization and attempted murder. Australia: Car bomb explodes in front of Melbourne police station. At least 22 persons were injured, four of them seriously, by the massive bomb. Police believe it may have been intended to protest the trial testimony of a Mafia figure. (b)(3)-1 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 �1 _.l 1_ LL. Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837 Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837