CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY

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03185682
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RIPPUB
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42
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February 24, 2023
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February 24, 2023
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F-2014-00485
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February 23, 1962
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Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 COPY NO. OCI NO, 0405/62 23 February 1962 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY OFFICE OF CURRENT INTELLIGENCE 1 I SECRET NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS CONTINUED CONTROOETURII TO ARC7ES & RECORDS CUM '1 AFTER U JOB.- OX _Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 THIS MATERIAL CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECT- ING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE LAWS, TITLE 18, USC, SECTIONS 793 AND 794, THE TRANSMIS- SION OR REVELATION OF WHICH IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW. The Current Intelligence Weekly Summary has been prepared primarily for the internal use of the Central Intelligence Agency. It does not represent a complete coverage of all current situations. Comments and conclusions represent the immediate appraisal of the Office of Current Intelligence. Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 -SECRET CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY 23 February 1962 THE WEEK IN BRIEF (Information as of 1200 EST 21 Feb) SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY DEVELOPMENTS LAOS SOUTH VIETNAM CONGO SECRET 1. Page 1 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 BRIEFS Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 SECRET. CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY 23 February 1962 FRANCE-ALGERIA DEVELOPMENTS IN FRENCH LABOR SINO-SOVIET CLASH OVER DISARMAMENT CHINESE COMMUNIST GRAIN PURCHASES Stiel?7E-T- Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 12 ii BRIEFS Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 �SECRET-7 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY 23 February 1962 FINNISH�SOVIET ARMS AGREEMENT BLOC�YUGOSLAV ECONOMIC RELATIONS Page 13 Page 14 COMMUNIST BLOC AID TO UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES Page 15 BRITISH GUIANA Page 16 COMMUNIST INFLUENCE IN HAITI 5759ZIKEL iii BRIEFS Page 17 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 -S-BeftErt� CURRENT I:77LLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY 23 February 1962 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC SPECIAL ARTICLES WEST GERMANY ACTIVITY IN AFRICA THE SOVIET ANTIRELIGIOUS CAMPAIGN POLITICAL TRENDS IN SOUTH AFRICA The past year has revealed two divergent trends in South Africa. The Verwoerd government, having attained last May its long-sought goal of establishing a republic, and having increased its parliamentary strength in elec- tions the following October, is pushing ahead with its policy of separate racial development. Nonwhites, frus- trated by lack of an effective political voice and by the government's security measures, are being drawn toward illegal activities such as sabotage. Both trends are gradual, but they overshadow the efforts of moderates of all races. :3(2-Q-cr-e-t---Xe-fervid -SEER:ET Page 18 Page 1 Page 5 Page 9 iv BRIEFS Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 �SECRET� CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY NR WEEKLY REVIEW SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY DEVELOPMENTS 23 Feb 62 SECRET WEEKLY REVIEW Page 1 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 NR CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY 23 Fob 62 WEEKLY ICVIE Page 2 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 NR CURRBNT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY SECRET 23 Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Page 3 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 SErefirT CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY NR LAOS czrn 1C,T1 23 Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Page 4 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY NR SOUTH VIETNAM -SECRET- 23 Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Page 5 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKL1 SUMMARY NR NR CONGO -SEERF-T- 23 Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Page 6 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 .S.E.G,ZET CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY NR 23 Feb Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Page 7 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 NR CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY FRANCE�ALGERIA 23 Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Page 8 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 4E-C-141-T- NR CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY DEVELOPMENTS IN FRENCH LABOR NR 23 Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW REVIEW Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Page 9 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE 'WEEKLY SUMMARY NR SINO�SOVIET CLASH OVER DISARMAMENT --SE'CREZ_ 23 Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Page 10 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY NR 23 Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Page 11 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 -SEatEr CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY NR CHINESE COMMUNIST GRAIN PURCHASES SECRET 23 Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Page 12 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY NR FINNISH�SOVIET ARMS AGREEMENT SECRET 23 Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Page 13 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 -SECRET CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY NR BLOC�YUGOSLAV ECONOMIC RELATIONS 23 Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Page 14 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 SEe:?-gi CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY COMMUNIST BLOC AID TO UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES NR 23 Feb 62 SECRET WEEKLY REVIEW Page 15 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY NR BRITISH GUIANA SECRET 23 Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Page 16 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 7STH?7En CURRENT INTELLIGENCE i",72,J3KLY SUMMARY NR COMMUNIST INFLUENCE IN HAITI -rcEERT" 23 Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Page 1.7 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 -SECRET-- CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY NR DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 23 Feb Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Page 18 of 18 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 -SteREP CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY SPECIAL ARTICLES WEST GERMAN ACTIVITY IN AFRICA NR 23 Feb 62 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Page 1 of 12 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY WEST GERMAN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN AFRICA NR 23 Feb 62 WEEKLY REVIEW Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Page 2 of 12 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY NR SECRET 23 Feb 62 SPECIAL ARTICLES Page 3 of 12 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 - CURRENT CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY NR 23 Feb Feb 62 SPECIAL ARTICLES Page 4 of 12 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 -SECRET CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY NR THE SOVIET ANTIRELIGIOUS CAMPAIGN 23 Feb 62 RDRrTAT. ARTTMRS Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Page 5 of 12 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 ,�����., ,�����, NR CURRENT INTFLLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY 23 Feb 62 .;spr,ciAL ARTICLES �� Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Page 6 of 12 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 SEGi-gT NR CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY 23 Feb Feb 62 CDFOTAT ADMTOTVQ Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Page 7 of 12 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 NR CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY -5-EGRET._ 23 Feb 62 SPECIAL ARTICLES Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Page 8 of 12 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY POLITICAL TRENDS IN SOUTH AFRICA The past year has revealed two divergent trends in South Africa. The Verwoerd govern- ment, having attained last May its long-sought goal of establishing a republic and having increased. its parlia- mentary strength in elections the following October, is pushing ahead with its policy of separate racial development (apartheid). Nonwhites, frustrated by the lack of an effective political voice and by the government's security measures, are being drawn toward illegal activities such as sabotage. Both trends are gradual, but they overshadow the efforts of moderates of all races. White Politics Verwoerd's Nationalist party for more than a year has had a clear majority of popular support--the first such major- ity since it came to power in 1948. Gerrymandering and a disproportionate number of rural constituencies have in- creased its representation in the House of Assembly--the lower house of the legislature --to 105 out of 160 seats. Nationalist power is based on the cohesiveness of the Afrikaner community, which comprises 60 percent of the white population. The number of non-Nationalist Afrikaners is gradually increasing, partic- ularly in the cities. and there are differences within the community--between doctrinaire defenders of Afrikaner culture in the Transvaal and easygoing pragmatists in Cape Province, and to some extent between rank-and-file conservatives and relatively liberal industrial and religious leaders within each region. However, the various Afrikaner groups have generally united under pressure, and the community's cohesiveness shows no sign of diminishing, even though its political vild social goals have been largely achieved. As the Afrikaners have a higher birthrate and a higher percentage of young people than the English-speaking South Africans, Afrikaner polit- ical dominance of the white community is likely to increase. Verwoerd's white opponents are disorganized and unsure of themselves. The main opposition group, the United party (UP), has never overcome the handicaps resulting from the disparate character of its support: it must appeal to die-hard Empire loyalists in Natal and to renegade Afrikaners in Transvaal and Cape Province cities, to relative liberals, and to extreme conservatives whose racial ideas are almost in- distinguishable from those of the Nationalists. The UP's program of "racial federation under white leadership" is designed to paper over these differences. Many of the party's leaders, taking their cue from the surprisingly good showing made by the small Progressive party last October, feel the UP should move in a liberal direction; any effort to promote such a trend, however, would appear fruitless, inasmuch as a large majority of the electorate is already more conservative than the UP pro- gram. The Progressives, who in- clude some of the best minds in the country, are considered by both Afrikaners and Africans to be an "honest" opposition, in contrast to the UP, whose racial policy they feel is hypocritical. But the Progres- sive demand for a nonracial franchise based on high educa- tional and financial standards not only is far too liberal for the mass of the white electorate but fails by a wide margin to meet African desires. The small Liberal party, which campaigns on a "one man - one vote" platform, has even less influence in white politics. 23 Feb 62 SECRET QTIVOTAT ADTTnTVQ Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Page 9 of 12 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY Foreign Policy The government has grad- ually become more aggressive toward its foreign critics. One manifestation of this was Foreign Minister Louw's intran- sigent attitude during the UN General Assembly's discus- sion of apartheid last October --an attitude for which his government was censured by the assembly in an unprece- dented action. This year's apartheid resolution in the UN narrowly avoided a clause asking member states to take sanctions against South Africa. The republic took a simi- lar line--and received a simi- larly strong rebuke--during the General Assembly's debate on South-West Africa, the former German territory which South Africa received as a mandate from the League of Nations after World War I and which it refuses to place under UN trusteeship. Afro-Asian states can be expected to attack South Africa vigorously on this is- sue and are challenging the republic's rather shaky legal frontier in the International Court of Justice. The South African Govern- ment remains concerned over developments in the territories bordering it to the north--the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland as well as Angola and Mozambique--and probably would respond quickly with help if it were asked to do so; so far, the governments concerned have not been able to overcome their distrust of each other to do any formal planning toward a "fortress southern Africa." Implementation of Apartheid Overseas opinion and develop- ments elsewhere in Africa apparent- ly have moved the Nationalists to give apartheid the best possible face. They are rapidly implement- ing a long-dormant program for seven rural territories--popularly called "Bantustans"--to administer the country's 11,000,000 Africans through their tribal leaders. Three such territorial authorities ap- parently are in operation, and the other four are to be set up this year. The 3,000,000 urban Africans, many of whom have never seen their tribal homeland, apparently are to receive a degree of local self-government, but their po- litical institutions reportedly are to be part of the "Bantustan" system. The government is also working out schemes to give some self-government to the colored (mixed blood) and Indian communities, although a major- ity of both groups live in small communities within urban areas and lack a "national homeland" within the country. Neerwoerd has said that the "Bantustans" may eventually attain independence. There is no sign, however, that the government is willing to risk losing the support of the white electorate by spending the money necessary to make the poverty-striken African areas viable, or that its efforts to stimulate private white in- vestment along the borders of these areas have borne much fruit. Moreover, the establishment of African political institu- tions, even if they are,domi- nated by "safe," conservative leaders, creates potential -SECRET- 23 Feb 62 SDPOTAL ARMTOTR Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Page 10 of 12 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 -SECRET- CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY centers of discontent which may prove hard to control. Last year a group of chiefs in one territorial authority actually requested the independence prom- ised by Verwoerd, thereby causing some consternation in government circles before the chiefs were dissuaded by their territory's own conservative majority. Faced with a deter- mined effort by the government to channel their political activity, however, urban Africans in particular are likely to become increasingly sympathetic to extremists who assert that violence--particularly sabotage --is the only possible way to work changes. African Politics African communities in the cities are active, but the gov- ernment's security measures have disrupted some organiza- tions and led the other to operate with greater secrecy. It appears the "congresses" which until a year and a half ago dominated what politics there was among the Africans have been reduced to virtual impotence, but that small groups --including several known Com- munists--have been operating with relative efficiency. The Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) has shown no recent sign of activity, either overt or covert, and its organization seems to have disappeared ex- cept in African communities around Cape Town. There are some who still espouse the PAC's "Africa-for-the-Africans" slogan, which has considerably more potential rallying power than anything espoused by the PAC's rivals. None of its leaders, however, has shown the ability to build up a responsive following in the face of government counter- measures. The hard core of the PAC's main competitor, the African National Congress (ANC), seems to have fared somewhat better. The ANC's leaders have a longer history of organizational and conspiratorial work, and they have benefited from the tutelage of whites and Indians in the so-called "Congress Movement"--an alliance of organizations, most of them Communist-dominated, which claim to represent various South African racial and eco- nomic groups. The movement itself is troubled by factional- ism, but a caure of its leaders, operating outside the main organizational structure, prob- ably is responsible for many of the bombings in South Africa since last September. This group calls itself the National Liberation Committee. Its known leaders include two Africans, Nelson Mandela and Duma Nokwe, and two whites, Benjamin Turok and Raymond Strachan. All have long been associated with Communism. Strachan, described by an acquaintance as a "benign, well- balanced" Communist, is under arrest. The police believe he supervised the making of the bombs which were set off in Port Elisabeth and Johannesburg in mid-December. Mandela, who lived under cover in South Africa and Basutoland after the failure of the general strike he called last May, has left the country The Mandela group's main sources of aid from abroad reportedly are Cairo, Accra, and radical--but not necessarily Communist--groups in London. These cities are the centers for the operation of the "South African United Front," an amal- gamation of exiles from both the ANC and the PAC. Factional- ism has made this grouping ineffective, however--the PAC (b)(1) (b)(3) NatSecAct 23 Feb 32 -SEERE-T-_ SPECIAL ARTICLES Page 11 of 12 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 -SEeRET CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY (b)(1) (b)(3) NatSecAct exiles themselves are split into pro-Ghana and pro-Nigeria factions--and most of the covert antigovernment activity in South Africa probably bypasses it. Aid obtained abroad reportedly is channeled through Bantoland and Swaziland, two British High Commission territories where African nation- alists opposed to South Africa are becoming increasingly active. So far sabotage has been well plannel but poorly executed. One African has been killed and another wounded by a prema- turely exploding bomb, and those bombs which did go off properly achieved far less than the maximum possible damage. Even inept sabotage, however, is likely to have some effect on the whites, many of whom feel that their backs are against the wall. Moreover, the saboteurs can be expected to improve in proficiency with practice and further training abroad. The ANC's efforts probably will be supplemented by other groups attempting sabotage on their own, as seems to have happened early in Jan- uary in Cape Town. Finally, Africans probably will not be the only perpetrators; many of the coloreds, who until recently were fearful of antagonizing the whites, have been alien- ated by the government's policy toward them and.are showing greater interest in extra- legal activities. Government Security Measures with a harsh anti-sabotage law sehed- (b)(1) (b)(3) NatSecAct uled to be enacted in this session of parliament, the gov- ernment probably can keep the underground harassed and dis- organized. It will not be able to stamp out the subversive groups, however, and sporadic outbreaks of bombings can be expected. The buildup of the re- public's security is continuing. The police are being reorganized to increase their efficiency, and the government plans to build three new munitions factories to supplement the country's already sizable armaments production. Outlook Verwoerd and the policies for which he is the strongest spokesman cannot be success- fully challenged by whites until something weakens his two chief supports: the unity of the Afrikaners and the racial conservatism of the white population as a whole. Such a weakening might come about through a serious economic de- cline; South African exiles have been urging economic sanctions by other governments to bring this about. The effect of such sanctions, however, would be lessened by the fact that gold accounts for more than a third of the value of South Africa's exports and could not be controlled by anysanctions resolution. The republic's security forces seem capable of prevent- ing any violent outbreaks from endangeringthe white-dominated political structure. Behind this shelter the Nationalist govern- ment apparently plans to push ahead with more rather than less apartheid. With the dominant white party and the increasingly dominant African group seemingly set in their ways, efforts to bridge the gap between them are likely to be more and more futile. (SECRET NOFORN) 23 Feb 62 RDWITAT_ ADTTIITVQ, Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Page 12 of 12 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 /����, SEGRE4' Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 -SECRET-- SECRET Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY 23 February 1962 THE WEEK IN BRIEF (Information as of 1200 EST 21 Feb) NR SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY DEVELOPMENTS Page 1 LAOS SOUTH VIETNAM CONGO Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 NR NR NR BRIEFS Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 .-SEeZzEf-- ,������\ CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY 23 February 1962 FRANCE�ALGERIA DEVELOPMENTS IN FRENCH LABOR Page 8 Page 9 SINO�SOVIET CLASH OVER DISARMAMENT Page 10 CHINESE COMMUNIST GRAIN PURCHASES -61?4=EZ_ NR Page 12 NR NR NR NR Ii BRIEFS Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY 23 February 1962 FINNISH-SOVIET, RMS AGREEMENT BLOC-YUGOSLAV ECONOMIC RELATIONS Page 13 Page 14 COMMUNIST BLOC AID TO UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES Page 15 BRITISH GUIANA Page 16 NR NR NR COMMUNIST INFLUENCE IN HAITI NR Page 17 N R NR BRIEFS lii Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682 SECRET CURRENT LLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY 23 February 1962 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC SPECIAL ARTICLES Page 18 WEST GERMANY ACTIVITY IN AFRICA Page 1 NR NR THE SOVIET ANTIRELIGIOUS CAMPAIGN Page 5 POLITICAL TRENDS IN SOUTH AFRICA The past year has revealed two divergent trends in South Africa. The Verwoerd government, having attained WITH DELETIONS last May its long-sought goal of establishing a republic, and having increased its parliamentary strength in elec- tions the following October, is pushing ahead with its policy of separate racial development. Nonwhites, frus- trated by lack of an effective political voice and by the e government's security measures, are being drawn toward 41/4 illegal activities such as sabotage. Both trends are gradual, but they overshadow the efforts of moderates of all races. (2.u.sat-Ne4taini Page 9 NR iv BRIEFS Approved for Release: 2017/07/13 C03185682