CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN - 1958/06/30

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: Current/Central Intelligence Bulletin Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 03180496
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: January 27, 2020
• Document Release Date: January 30, 2020
• Publication Date: June 30, 1958

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30 June 1958
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CENTRAL
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30 JUNE 1958
I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
A
Soviet delegates apparently will attend
Geneva technical talks. 0
Gomulka moves toward Soviet position
on Nagy execution but uses milder
language than other bloc spokesmen. 0
II. ASIA-AFRICA
Lebanon - Chamoun believes situation
reaching point of decision; says he
considers UN activity useless.
Half of British-financed 300-man
army of state of Lahej in Aden Protec-
torate defects to Yemen.
it
III. THE WEST
0 Panama - New political tensions and
student unrest threaten anti-American
incidents.
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
30 June 1958
DAILY BRIEF
I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
Soviet note on Geneva talks: The Soviet bloc ,delegates
apparently will be on hand for the opening of the Geneva tech-
nical talks on 1 July. Moscow's 28 June aide-memoire omit-
ted the implied boycott threat which was contained in the note
of 25 June and which appears to have been intended to draw
the United States into a polemical exchange on the issue of a
prior agreement in principle to a test cessation. The latest
note suggests, however, that the bloc delegates from the out-
set will refuse to proceed with technical discussions until the
United States makes an "unequivocal statement" agreeing that
the experts' meeting should be "subordinated" to the "main
task" of achieving a test-cessation agreement.
(Page 1)
Poland - USSR: Gomulka's speech on 28 June in which
he gives the Polish position on the execution of Nagy brings
him nearer the bloc position on Yugoslav revisionism but
uses /flitch milder language than Soviet and other Satellite
declara'c13ns. Gomulka probably hopes that by his concession
on Nagy, by his attacks on the West, and by renewed assur-
ances that Poland will never leave the bloc he can ease the
pressure on Poland to conform. (Page 2)
II. ASIA-AFRICA
Lebanon: President Chamoun appears convinced the
146 situation is rapidly reaching the point of decision. He says
I' that the UN Secretariat and observer group are disposed to
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reject or minimize evidence of UAR intervention and that the
rn powers are wavering in their support.
ritish Foreign Secretary Lloyd has urged that Chamoun
be persuaded to announce he will not run again and to find a
successor who would cooperate with the West.
(Page 3)
Aden - Yemen: The defection to Yemen on 26 June of half
the British-financed 300-man army of the state of Lahej in
the Aden Protectorate provides the Yemenis with the most tell-
ing victory they have yet scored over the British. The Aden
government believes the defecting Lahej regulars may form
the trained nucleus of a "liberation army" under the aegis of
he Yemen-backed South Arabian League.
(Page 5) (Map)
III. THE WEST
Panama: Political tensions and student unrest are again
building tVrollowing the lifting of the state 'of siege imposed
after rioting in May. Further serious outbreaks against the
government could erupt at any time and might lead to anti-
American incidents. (Page 6)
30 Tune 58
DAILY BRIEF ii
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I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
Soviet Decision to Send Bloc Delegates to Geneva Talks
The USSR apparently decided to send the bloc delegation
to the Geneva talks on detecting nuclear tests only after it
realized that its 25 June aide-memoire, with the implied
threat of a boycott, had failed to produce its intended re-
sults. Soviet leaders probably hoped this threat would seri-
ously embarrass the United States by forcing it either to accept
or reject the Soviet demand for "a confirmation that the experts'
conference is to be subordinated" to the task of achieving a
test-cessation agreement. This objective was reflected in the
28 June note's charge that the United States has evaded clarify-
ing its position on the "basic question, namely the purpose that
the meeting of experts should serve."
This latest note suggests that the bloc delegation will
immediately take the position that the experts cannot proceed
with technical discussions until their governments have reached
a "full and clear understanding regarding the purpose of this
conference." Moscow declared that unless the meeting is de-
voted to the "main task" of ensufing a cessation of tests, "it
will be a waste of time and can only deceive the peoples."
The note concludes by calling on the United States to make "an
unequivocal statement" on this issue.
While the bloc delegates stall in Geneva, Moscow can be
expected to mount heavy diplomatic and propaganda pressure
on the United States, insisting that there must first be a po-
litical agreement committing all parties to the principle of a
test cessation before the Geneva experts can take up the tech-
nical aspects of the problem.
This line of action would be consistent with a resurgence
of the Kremlin's long-standing unwillingness to be drawn into
detailed negotiations on inspection and control of a disarma-
ment agreement. Moscow probably believes that the West
stands to gain more from such talks than the USSR and that
protracted technical negotiations would dangerously inhibit
Its freedom of action should it decide to resume nuclear test-
ing.
30 June 58
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'4.4�04
Gomulka's Speech on Nagy
In his speech in Gdansk on 28 June, Gomulka for the first
time criticized Yugoslavia for its refusal to enter the bloc,
and blamed the current bloc dispute with Belgrade, in contrast
to that of 1948-54, on Yugoslavia. He used much milder lan-
guage, however, and took a far less critical line toward Bel-
grade than has the rest of the bloc. At the same time, Gomulka
criticized Nagy's revisioniSt ideas, said that he gradually,
capitulated to the counterrevolutionaries during the Hungarian
uprising, but did not charge Nagy with a long-prepared "con-
spiracy," as does the rest of the bloc, and avoided a commit-
ment on the severity of the sentence by stating that this was
an internal Hungarian matter.
Gomulka also bitterly attacked the West, especially in
connection with recent reports concerning Polish opposition
to the bloc line on Nagy,and renewed his assurances that Poland
will never leave the bloc. He warned "reactionary forces" in
Poland who dream of a "second stage," similar to Western-
type Socialism, 'and who consider the Gomulka experiment only
temporary. Gomulka probably hopes that by taking this line
he can stave off the current strong pressure on Poland to con-
form, and Yugoslav-Polish relations will doubtless deteriorate
to some extent. The move, however, was not unexpected by
the Yugoslav leaders, and Tito accordingly will probably in-
crease his efforts to promote his "third force" concept during
Nasir's forthcoming visit to Brioni.
Despite Gomulka's public concession, the Poles, by their
treatment of the Nagy issue after the announcement of the exe-
cution, had already made their feelings clear. After publica-
tion of the Hungarian communiqu�n 18 June, the Polish press
did not comment on the Nagy affair until 25 June, when Trybuna
Ludu published a summary of the Moscow Pravda article on
Western reaction. Meanwhile, on 18 June the Polish foreign
minister privately expressed the view that if Gomulka had
known of the executions he would not have visited Budapest in
May, and Radio Warsaw broadcast Chopin's funeral march on
the same day, apparently in honor of Nagy and his associates.
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IT. ASIA-AFRICA
Lebanese Situation
Lebanese Government leaders appear to have become ex-
tremely depressed in the wake of UN Secretary General Ham-
marskjold's mission. President Chamoun indicated on 28 June
he is convinced matters are rapidly coming to a head and
several times spoke of an "impending massacre." However,
Chamoun also reiterated that he would be "steadfast" and would
not ask for Western intervention unless all his resources had
been expended. He revealed complete distrust of Hammar-
skjold, saying he was either "the most conceited man in the
world or the most deceitful" and that it is useless to provide
evidence of UAR intervention to the UN observers. Chamoun
also indicated he felt that the United States was wavering on
the question of assisting him;
The developing sense of frustration with the UN on the
part of members of the Lebanese Government could lead to
open recriminations between them and UN officials. Foreign
Minister Malik informed Beirut
hat "battle was joined" between
liammarsKjola and tne Leoanese over press statements which
each had made. Malik stated that this "battle" could be won
only if the UN observers are flooded with a stream of factual
proofs of heavy infiltration and smuggling from the UAR.
Prime Minister Sulh told UN official Gab o Plaza on 27 June
that the continued fighting in Lebanon and the continuation of
propaganda from Cairo radio proved that the situation was
unchanged.
Cairo is continuing to try to develop propaganda and dip-
lomatic pressure against any forceful UN action in Lebanon.
UAR diplomats,
in their informal, contacts particularly with representatives
of Canada, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, and West Germany,
"to point out that NATO bases are being used to carry arms
to Chamoun, without the unanimous approval of the NATO na-
tions...." In New Delhi, the UAR Embassy, following instruc-
tions from Cairo, is making what amounts to an all-out public
30 June 58
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attack on the United States by means of press releases and in-
dividual mailings of articles reprinted from Cairo newspapers.
New alarums are also contained in intelligence reaching
the UAR authorities from abroad.
An effective watch, especially in the
areas south of Damascus, was ordered put into effect.
Inside Lebanon, there are still no signs of a political com-
promise, and no candidates to succeed Chamoun have yet stepped
forward for the presidential election which could take place on
or after 24 July. British Foreign Secretary Lloyd, pointing
out the approach of the election date, has urged that Chamoun
be persuaded to announce, that he does not plan to run again and
to search for a successor around whom pro-Western elements
could rally in working for an end to the fighting. Lloyd feels
that Chamoun could not expect a successor to be as pro-West-
ern as he has been but that he could pick someone who could
keep Lebanon out of Nasir's control and continue to cooperate
with the West.
The main scene of military action over the weekend was
in north Lebanon around Tripoli. The rebels apparently are
trying to break the army's hold around Tripoli and heavy firing
has ensued. In Beirut, there are still widespread rumors that
a rebel push is imminent, and an "alert status" is said to have
been declared in the Moslem quarter on 28 June.
asked that Chamoun be informed of a rebel
plan to blow up the presidential palace; the plan had been delayed
because the rebels did not have enough explosives for the job,
but were awaiting their arrival.
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Pro-Yemenis Subvert Half of British-financed Lahej Army
About 140 officers and men of the British-financed 300-man
army of the sultanate of Lahej in the Western Aden Protectorate
defected to Yemen on 26 June. They were led by the commander
of the Lahej army and were accompanied by 120 of the sultanate's
tribal guards and customs personnel. The defectors took with
them their arms, three trucks and five jeeps, and an estimated
$28,000 in customs receipts. The money is equivalent to two-
thirds of the annual British subsidy to the Lahej army.
This defection is the most striking Yemeni success to date
in the campaign of subversion and border harrassment which
Yemen has been carrying on against the British in Aden and
the protectorate rulers. Individual defections from protector-
ate forces were reported to have reached the rate of 20 per day
early this year. The Aden Government believes the Lahej de-
fectors may be used to form the trained nucleus of a "liberation
army." Such an "army" presumably would be sponsored for-
mally by the South Arabian League, a Yemen-backed anti-Brit-
ish organization.
About 2,500 British troops are being maintained in Aden
to cope with the situation. British officials in London are en-
gaged in talks with some Aden Protectorate rulers regarding
a federation which might strengthen political resistance to Yem-
en. Although the sultan of Lahej has been in London ostensibly
for these talks, he appears to be sympathetic to the anti-British
cause, and may have played some role in the action of his army.
Possible new trouble in the Yemen-Aden area was forecast
n which Nasir promised that "operations" in the
Imam's sphere would begin after the situation in Lebanon had
"improved."
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III. THE WEST
Political Tension Mounting in Panama
Political tension and student unrest are again building up
in Panama following the lifting of the state of siege imposed
after the riots last month. Many influential Panamanians, in-
cluding some cabinet members, now feel that President Ernesto
de la Guardia will not last out his term. Further serious out-
breaks against the government could erupt at any time and might
involve anti-US incidents. Powerful opposition politicians are
exploiting nationalistic grievances against US policies in the
canal zone. They accuse the President of overfriendliness to
the United States and may, as they have In the recent past, press
exaggerated demands for US concessions in an attempt to dis-
credit the President. Dr. Milton Eisenhower's proposed visit
in mid-July might be used to embarrass the government.
The National Guard, Panama's only armed force, supports
the President. It had difficulty in suppressing the May riots,
however, and is now on the defensive for alleged brutality it
used then.
Communists are active among the politically motivated
and nationalistic student groups, which provoked the May riots
and have become more aggressive and arrogant since the Pres-
ident acceded to their demands. The influential opposition
press and radio are deliberately encouraging the students, who
seem to be seeking an excuse to provoke new disturbances.
Although present unrest is due chiefly to the chronic strug-
gle for power among members of Panama's small and wealthy
ruling clique, there is danger that attempts to manipulate ,stu-
dent unrest and economic and nationalistic grievances might
get out of hand in Panama's overcrowded and poverty-stricken
cities.
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