CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN - 1960/04/13

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: Current/Central Intelligence Bulletin Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 02977777
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: March 17, 2020
• Document Release Date: March 26, 2020
• Publication Date: April 13, 1960

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CENTRAL
IVIELLI6ENCE
BULLETIN
DODUMENT INI NO, 3#
AVE tN CLASS, X -
! DECLASSIFIED
CHANCED TO: TS S
7,':KT REVIEW DATE: -2-D(O.
Mali: ND 10-2
DATES 8 JUN me%EVIEWEfli
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13 APRIL 1960
I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
II. ASIA-AFRICA
Black African nationalists in Johannes-
burg may call week's work stoppage 18
April.
South Korea--Rioting in Masan under-
scores resentment against government's
repressive measures; further disturb-
ances can be expected.
President Garcia advocates stationing
of modern American weapons in the
Philippines.
CD
Laos--Government apparently believes
only one or two Communists should be
permitted to win in coming elections. 0
Turkish Premier Menderes and Soviet
Premier Khrushchev agree to exchange
visits.
Continuing reports that Afghanistan is
calling up some reserves and augmenting
garrisons on the Pakistan border indicate
that tense tribal situation still has not
been resolved.
\
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
13 April 1960
DAILY BRIEF
I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
II. ASIA-AFRICA
South Africa: Black African nationalists in the Johannes-
burg area may call a week-long work stoppage beginning on
18 April. Their two main nationalist groups, now outlawed,
have reportedly joined forces and are planning to use gangste
elements to intimidate the labor force. The Afrikaner popula-
tion in the area, whose temper is reportedly at the breaking
point after the attempted assassination of Prime Minister Ver-
woerd, can be expected ntly to any further mass
demonstrationlg (Page 1)
South Korea: The new rioting in the southern port city of
Masan, scene of police suppression of election-day demonstra-
tions last month, underscores the nationwide resentment of the
,repressive tactics of the Rhee reeime
) Philippines: resident Garcia's recent statement that he
would like to see the most modern American weapons, includ-
ing guided missiles and atomic weapons, stationed in the Philip-
pines, is an abrupt switch from the nationalistic policy he has
been following. Garcia, with an eye on the presidential elections
next year, may feel that the friction he has fostered in Philippine-
American relations may boomerang politically;
(Page 3)
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Laos: [The government apparently believes that only one or
two Communists should be permitted to win seats in the 24 April
National Assembly electionsj Peiping has joined Hanoi in repeat
ing Pathet Lao threats of increased violence in Laos if the elec-
tions are "nonrepresentative" of the people's wishes.
(Page 4)
Turkey-USSR: Announcement of an exchange of visits this
summer between Turkish Premier Menderes and Soviet Premier
Khrushchev follows persistent efforts by the USSR since early 1960
to secure Turkish agreement for such visits. The Turks appar-
ently have accepted the exchange in an effort to keep pace with some
of their NATO allies in current attempts toward improved East-
West relations. The move will probably generate added pressures
on Iran and Greece for improved relations with the USSR.
(Page 5)
Afghanistan: [Reports continue of a call-up of certain classes
of reserves in the Afghan Army and the augmentation of garrisons i
the tribal area adjacent to the Pakistan border. Such reports in-
dicate that the tense situation which has persisted among the tribes
since last October has still not been resolved. In addition, Kabul
may be anticipating an expansion of Pakistani-inspired antigovern-
ment activities among thp nnmadir. Afghan tribes w o return from
Pakistan each spririgj (Page 6)
13 Apr 60 DAILY BRIEF
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I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
IL ASIA-AFRICA
Further AntigoveAment Demonstrations Planned in South Africa
Ullack African nationalists in the Johannesburg area may call
a week-long work stoppage beginning on 18 April. Remnants of
the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan-Africanist Con-
gress (PAC), which have been outlawed since 8 April, have re-
portedly joined in an underground coalition under a PAC leader,
Walter. Jolobo, and are planning to use gangster elements to in-
timidate the labor force. Widespread demonstrations may occur
on 15 April, Africa Freedom Dal]
Er_he African campaign will meet determined opposition from
the white population, particularly from the dominant Afrikaner
(Dutch-descended) community. Afrikaners in the Transvaal,
whose tempers are reportedly at the breaking point after the at-
tempted assassination of Prime Minister Verwoerd, can be ex-
pected to react violently to any further mass demonstrations. In
addition, the Afrikaner-controlled government has apparently
decided to increase the intensity of its drive for total racial sep-
aration, in an effort to reduce the economy's present overwhelm-
ing dependence on African labor. Government spokesmen have
stated that the system of "cheap black labor" will have to be
"drastically revised," and that more of the 500,000 Asians in
the country should do manual wori...3
(if this intensified apartheid program is implemented, the
Union's English-descended community, which dominates South
African industry and thus has the greatest present stake in the
retention of the African labor pool, will probably increase its op-
position to the government's program of racial separation. The
English may, be joined by moderate Afrikaners in the Cape Town
area, who have recently criticized fundamental aspects of apar-
theidj
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Further Rioting in South Korea
New rioting in the South Korean port city of Masan, scene
of the brutal police suppression of election day demonstrations
on 15 March, underscores the smoldering resentment through-
out the country against the election tactics of the Rhee govern-
ment. The growing disaffection of the population can be expected
to erupt in disturbances, especially in such opposition strong-
holds as Taegu.
The riot which started on 11 April was incited by official
refusal to turn over to a group of students the body of a student
victim of police violence in the previous riots. The initial group
of 1,000 students quickly snowballed to an estimated 10,000 ri-
oters who battled armed police while shouting "death to Yi
Ki-pung"--Rhee's vice president elect�and "down with the Syng-
man Rhee regime."
Government concern over disaffection and resentment against
the regime's election tactics has been reflected in
Local authorities have been ordered to use as little force as
possible in preventing demonstrations t Also, the
administration as yet has failed to silence continued strong crit-
icism by the opposition and independent press. Such administra-
tion forbearance, however, appears attributable more to a desire
to ameliorate domestic and foreign criticism than to a liberaliza-
tion of its policies. The announcement in Seoul on 11 March of the
discovery of a "plot to overthrow the government" appears intended
to justify further repressive measures in the name of restoring
order.
There is some indication that powerful elements in Rhee's
Liberal party are working to turn the opposition into a govern-
ment puppet and establish a one-party state.
the
"backbone" of the new party structure is patterned on the Chinese
Nationalist Kuomintang.
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Philippine Presiamws 131c1 ior US Niissile and Nuclear
Weapons Bases
&resident Garcia's press statement on 9 April that he
would welcome the stationing in the Philippines of the most
modern American weapons, including guided missiles and
atomic weapons, was apparently made without the prior
knowledge of Philippine cabinet or other high officials. The
care and elaborateness with which he expounded his argu-
ment suggests, however, that he had given the matter con-
siderable thought)
ghe Philippine Congress is giving strong bipartisan sup-
port to Garcia's statement, and press reaction has been equally
favorable. The Defense Department reportedly has received
messages from veterans' groups throughout the Philippines un-
qualifiedly supporting Garcia's position. Secretary of Defense
Santos has stated that in the current ideological struggle there
is no substitute for military preparedne_q_s3
(-Garcia, with an eye on the 1961 presidential elections, may
feel that the friction he has fostered in Philippine-American re-
lations could boomerang politically. The relatively weak appeal
of the administration's "Filipino First" slogan in the November
1959 senatorial elections and the defeat of the Nacionalista can-
didates most closely identified with Garcia have probably con-
vinced him that an issue with considerable appeal is necessary.
He may have decided that a renewed emphasis on close US-
Philippine defense ties and military preparedness, particularly
if underwritten by the United States, will serve his purpo7-
13 Apr 60
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LLaotian Government 'oyisiaering kuggingiElections
Against Communists
[The Laotian election committee will reportedly meet
on 16 April to decide which Communist candidate or possi-
bly two candidates will be allowed to win National Assembly
seats in the 24 April elections,
The government estimates
that completely free elections would give the 20 to 25 Commu-
nist or pro-Communist candidates seven of the 59 seats at
stake;,/
CAn American Embassy official who recently toured Cha.mpas-
sak Province in southern Laos reports a general local assump-
tion that all six government candidates will win because the po-
lice and the army are effectively persuading the people, some-
times through threats, that it would be unsafe to vote for oppo-
sition candidates. At least four of the government candidates,
including Deputy Prime Minister Nhouy, are said to be having
difficulty generating popular enthusiasm. The embassy officer
believes that in a reasonably free election, two or three of the
six seats at stake in Champassak would go to opposition candi-
datesj
{communist pre-election tactics appear to have been pred-
icated on the hope that, despite the small number of Communist
and pro-Communist candidates, a small leftist bloc headed by the
Communist-front Neo Lao Hak Sat (NLHS) could be elected.
Should Communist hopes be disappointed, an intensification of
guerrilla warfare by the Pathet Lao insurgents is likely. The
threat of increased violence in Laos if the elections are "non-
representative" of the people's wishes was implicit in the latest
NLHS statement on the elections, which was summarized in con-
siderable detail b
respectively.
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*of
Turkish an[ Soviet Premiers to Exchange Visits
Simultaneous announcements in Ankara and Moscow on
12 April that Premier Menderes would visit Moscow in July
and Premier Khrushchev would make a return visit to Turkey
at a later date mark the successful conclusion of persistent
Soviet attempts since early 1960 for a high-level exchange of
visits, lurkish officials had been reluctant to accept the So-
viet suggestion, fearing its effect on some of Turkey's allies--
particularly Iran. There have been indications for some time,
however, that officials in Ankara have resented what they con-
sider criticism from some NATO allies that Turkey has been
provocative toward the USSR in an era marked by growing con-
tacts between East and West. The proposed exchange is re-
garded as an attempt by Turkey to keep pace with other West-
ern states in their efforts to bring about some relaxation of
tensions. Turkish officials have stressed, however, that the
decision to accept the Soviet proposal does not represent any
change in Ankara's firm anti-Communist foreign policy and that
no significant results are anticipated as a result of the visi2
Reaction to the announcement within Turkey is expected
to be generally favorable, as the exchange will tend to be in-
terpreted as recognition of Turkey's international standing.
Ingrained distrust of the USSR among the Turkish people, com-
bined with political maneuvering in preparation for possible
elections later this year, however, may arouse some internal
criticism of the move.
Officials in Greece have already indicated fear that the
announcement will cause difficulties for the Karamanlis gov-
ernment, which has consistently refused similar Soviet requests
for a high-level exchange of visits. Opposition parties within
Greece and bloc representatives in Athens can be expected to
exploit Turkey's acceptance of the proposed visits in urging im-
proved relations between Greece and the Soviet bloc. Similarly,
Iran, which has had severely strained relations with the USSR
during the past year, will be urer increased pressure to im-
prove relations with Moscow.
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Kabul Apprehensive Wer Possible Trigal Unrest During
Spring Migration
LThe Afghan Government's apprehension over possible
tribal disorders during the annual spring migration of nomadic
Afghan tribes which traditionally winter on the plains of Paki-
stan has reportedly led the Kabul regime to continue the recall
of reserves released from the army during the past three
years. There is no indication at present of the extent of the
call-up, but civilians with bedding rolls were observed being
organized into units in Kabul on 11 April-.1
[The returning tribesmen, always a potential source of
trouble, are cause for special concern in Kabul this year in
view of the already strong and continuing reaction in the tribal
areas to Kabul's efforts at reform and modernization. In addi-
tion, worsened relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan
on the Pushtoonistan question cause Kabul to fear that some of
the returning tribesmen have been subverted by the Pakistanis.
Afghan army units, which during 1959 were increasingly de-
ployed into the tribal areas adjacent to Pakistan in an effort
to assert Kabul's authority, are reported also guarding the
routes traditionally taken by the nomads:7
(lathe past, Kabul has given every indication of intending
to suppress disorders in the tribal areas with dramatic dis-
plays of military power. so as to prevent them from spreading.
Afghan Prime Minister Daud's absence from the country is not
likely to result in any less forceful a response in the event of
trouble this spring.]
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t..-Lnw" IVEAN I i L., �lior
THE PRESIDENT
The Vice President
Executive Offices of the White House
Special Assistant for National Security Affairs
Scientific Adviser to the President
Director of the Budget
Director, Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization
Director, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Special Assistant for Security Operations Coordination
Chairman, Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities
Special Assistant for Foreign Economic Policy
Executive Secretary, National Security Council
The Treasury Department
The Secretary of the Treasury
The Department of State
The Secretary of State
The Under Secretary of State
The Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
The Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
The Deputy Under Secretary of State for Administration
The Counselor
Director, International Cooperation Administration
The Director of Intelligence and Research
The Department of Defense
The Secretary of Defense
The Deputy Secretary of Defense
Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs
The Secretary of the Army
The Secretary of the Navy
The Secretary of the Air Force
The Chairman, The Joint Chiefs of Staff
The Director, The Joint Staff
Chief of Staff, United States Army
Chief of Naval Operations, United States Navy
Chief of Staff, United States Air Force
Commandant, United States Marine Corps
Assistant to Secretary of Defense for Special Operations
Director for Intelligence, The Joint Staff
Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Department of Army
Director of Naval Intelligence, Department of Navy
Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Department of the Air Force
Supreme Allied Commander, Europe
Commander in Chief, Pacific
The Department of Commerce
The Secretary of Commerce
Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Director
Atomic Energy Commission
The Chairman
National Security Agency
The Director
National Indications Center
The Director
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