CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN - 1961/01/17

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: Current/Central Intelligence Bulletin Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 02000175
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: August 14, 2020
• Document Release Date: August 27, 2020
• Publication Date: January 17, 1961

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17 January 1961
Copy No. C -76
CENTRAL
INTELLIGENCE
BULLETIN
TOP SECRE:
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147 JANUARY 1961
THE COMMUNIST BLOC
Communist China holding talks with Pak-
istan on preliminary boundary agreement.�
ASIA-AFRICA
Iraq�Anti-Communist elements call gen-
eral strike in Mosul.
Syria and Jordan request wheat of US.
Situation in the Congo.
Situation in Laos.
THE WEST
Armed forces plan coup in El Salvador. �
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EA.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
17 January 1961
DAILY BRIEF
THE COMMUNIST BLOC
Communist China = Pakistan: At Peiping's request,
talks on a preliminary boundary agreement between Corn- t
munist China and Pakistan are now under way, according
� L., }
to Pakistan's foreign minister. The Chinese probably hope ct-
to use such an agreement, following the pattern of recent
border accords with Burma and Nepal, to put additional 3 �
pressure on New Delhi to accept a compromise solution in
the Sino-Indian border dispute. Indian claims in the Ladakh -LI' ,
area might well be prejudiced by a bilateral Sino-Pakistani g
boundary settlement, and the dispute between India and Pak-
istan over Kashmir would also be further. complicated. A
preliminary agreement between Peiping and Pakistan would
probably call for the establishment of a joint committee to
undertake formal demarcation of the border.
(Page 1) (Map)
ASIA-AFRICA
Iraq: Anti-Communist elements in Mosul, in northern
Iraq, began a general strike on 13 January to protest actions
by the Qasim regime favoring pro-Communist elements. Stu-
dents in Mosul have been on strike since 1 January following
the arrest of several anti-Communist teachers. During the
past several months anti-Communists in Mosul have almost
daily been carrying out revenge killings of Communists who
helped suppress the March 1959 rebellion. The governor and
the commandant of police have tacitly condoned these assassi-
nations. The general strike is an indication that Iraqi anti-
Communist elements are becoming bolder in their protesti_.
(Page 2)
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SPO
Syria-Jordan: Both Syria and Jordan have within the
past few days asked for additional emergency shipments of
wheat from the United States. Food shortages which have
resulted from three successive years of drought are particu-
larly serious in the Bedouin tribal areas; some 760,000 peo-
ple in Syria and about 100,000 in Jordan are reported to be
in extreme need. Prospects for the 1961 harvest are good;
thus the critical immediate requirement, is for supplies to tide
these people over until August. The Bedouin populations will
also need longer-term aid to build up their herds, which have
been depleted to about 25 percent of the pre-drought size.
*Congo: dhe initiative in eastern Congo remains with the
Lumumbist forces and their tribal allies.
the UN in the area
does not plan to take strong action against the dissidents unless
ordered to do so by headquarters in Leopoldville,
believes that the Baluba forces will succeed in setting up another
"independent" state in northern Katanga. Hammarskjold has
reiterated his confidence in Rajeshwar Dayal, his representative
in Leopoldville who is widely believed to be favoring LuMumba,
and has rejected Kasavubut formal demand of 14 January that
Dayal be recalled:3
(Page 3)
*Laos:@overnment troops on 16 January occupied yang
VIPT1g nhrIllt 17fl ml es north of Vientiane,
The bulk of the Kong Le - Pathet Lao garri-
son at yang Vieng, which for some time was the drop zone for
Soviet air support flights, was withdrawn prior to 1 January.
The capture of yang Vieng removes the principal obstacle to re-
opening overland communications between Vientiane and Luang
Prabang, which Phoumi considers necessary for any drive on
the Plaine des Jarres from the west The formation in Xieng
Khouang Province of a coalition government of the Pathet Lao
and "representatives of the Souvanna Phouma government," an-
nounced on 16 January, may be preliminary to the formationj
17 Ian 61
DAILY BRIEF ii
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&long the same lines of a national coalition "government."
Five of the 18 Soviet LI-2s have left
Peiping and were scheduled to arrive in Hanoi on 16 Jan-
uar
Soviet First Deputy Foreign Minister Kuznetsov ex-
pressed to Ambassador Thompson on 14 January his "great
concern" over the introduction of T-6 aircraft into Laos. He
warned that US action in providing materiel which tended to
expand the conflict could lead to the adoption of similar
measures by the bloc. According to Ambassador Thompson,
Kuznetsov casually mentioned the possibility of volunteers
in this connection. At the same time, however, he reit-
erated Moscow's desire to prevent any expansion of the con-
flict. The USSR's intention to maintain maximum freedom of
maneuver in the developing Laotian situation was reflected in
Kuznetsov's refusal to discuss Soviet Ambassador Menshikov's
earlier denial to US officials that Soviet aircraft are airdropping
supplies to Communist forces in Laos. These refusals to ad-
mit the existence of an airlift would enable the USSR to ignore
officially any successful Laotian attemnt to interdict the air-
(
THE WEST
El Salvador: The armed forces in El Salvador are report-
ed united behind Defense Minister Castillo in a plan to over-
throw the civil-military junta before it permits a Communist
takeover. The attempt reportedly will be made soon. The
armed forces plan to enforce strong rule initially through .a
military directorate in order to bring the Communist threat
under control. Non-Communist political parties, however, are
to be permitted to continue political activity in prepa
congressional elections which may be called in May.
(Page 5)
17 Jan 61
DAILY BRIEF
--SEeRzETT
111
(toe-
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Peshawar
JAMMU
and
KASHMIR
(status in dispute)
Yarkand
Yehcheng�
(Qarghaliq)
Leh.
INDIA
�....Boundary shown on recent Chinese maps
�Boundary of India during British control
...-.13oundary shown on Pakistan maps 1953
I> 1961
S 1 NKIANG
UNLU N
44.
.1Coriym
MOUNTAINS
CHINA
Noh
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TIBET
� Gar Dzong
,,Gartok
B0429.2
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Nur �SECRET
Sino-Pakistani Boundary Talks
Communist China and Pakistan are discussing a prelim-
inary boundary agreement, according to the Pakistani foreign
minister. E'he talks apparently follow a recent suggestion by
the Chinese Communist ambassador to Pakistan that negotia=
tions be started over the Hunza area and such other regions
along the border as Pakistan might wish to discuss. Prior to
that time Peiping had not shown any interest in such talks'.
Peiping has apparently concluded that its failure to gain
any concessions from India after the talks between Chou and
Nehru in March 1960 and several months of low-level discus-
sion by Foreign Ministry experts necessitated a change in tac-
tics. The Chinese may hope that even :a. preliminary border
agreement with Pakistan, following boundary accords with Bur�
-
ma and Nepal, will put addition pressure on New Delhi to accept
a compromise solution for the Sino-Indian border along lines
drawn up by Peiping.
The Chinese probably also feel that a bilateral boundary
settlement with Pakistan would prejudice Indian claims in the
Ladakh area. The Karakoram mountain range, which might
provide the basis for demarcating portions of the Sino-Pak-
istani border, roughly divides the Indian- and Chinese-occu-
pied parts of Ladakh.
Pakistan has been especially concerned about China's
claims to the Pakistani border state of Hunza and apparently
hopes to forestall any serious incidents while gaining Peiping's
recognition of the "traditional" border. In addition, the Pak-
istanis probably calculate that China's interest in making a show
of progress at this time gives them a transitory bargaining ad-
vantage.
A preliminary boundary agreement would likely follow the
pattern of preliminary Chinese border accords with Nepal and
Burma. In each case a joint committee was established to nego-
tiate the formal demarcation, and around rules were set un to
govern the committee's action.
17 Jan 61
�SEeRE-T--
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 1
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Anti-Qasim General Strike in Mosul
frearing that Prime Minister Qasim is about to favor
Mosul's pro-Communist elements, anti-Communists there
began a general strike on 13 January. This action follows a
student strike begun in Mosul schools on 1 January after the
arrest of several anti-Communist teachers. Rumors have
spread in Mosul that Qasim intends to replace two strongly
anti-Communist officials--the governor and the police chief
--who have tacitly condoned revenge killings of Communists
during the past several months. These assassinations, which
have averaged six or seven a week since early last fall, have
been in retaliation for massacres by Communist elements
in the aftermath of the March 1959 Mosul revolt. Although
Iraqi military courts have been carrying out repressive meas-
ures against Iraqi Communists, Qasim has repeatedly
vitiated the courts' work by releasing imprisoned Communists]
Lon 28 December the Baghdad military court handed down
death sentences to seven Communists and gave 22 other Com-
munists and pro-Communists prison sentences for their part
in the Mosul massacres; 55 others were sentenced the day
before. Meanwhile, the editor of the country's largest Com-
munist paper failed to appear in court on 27 December to face
charges of violating censorship regulations; he is believed to
have gone undergroundj
'Vhile apparently trying to mollify local Communists,
Qasim appears to appreciate the strength of Iraqi "nationalist"
sentiment in favor of Arab solidarity. Emphasis on Arabism
has become an increasingly dominant theme in his recent
speeches: he has frequently referred to the "Arab nation,"
talked of greater economic and political cooperation, and dis-
played a less hostile attitude toward the UAR. However, none
of these gestures is likely to placate Iraqi anti-Communist
and pan-Arab elements. Some plotting against Qasim appears
to be continuing, although rivalries between factions have
militated so far against efforts to overthrow. him-3
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The Situation in the CongoSECRET
eihe initiative in the eastern Congo remains with the
Lumumbist forces and their tribal allies, who reportedly
are becoming more aggressive as a result of recent suc-
cesses. Baluba tribesmen have cut the rail link between
Elisabethville and Kamina air base and, together with troops
from Kivu Province, continue to oppose reinforcement of the
UN garrison at Manono.
tne UN in tne area aoes not plan
to take strong action against the dissidents unless ordered to
do so by headquarters in Leopoldville. The officer believes
that the Baluba forces will succeed in setting up an "inde-
pendent" state in northern Katanga.-3
ashorabe's government in Elisabethville reportedly now
has imported more than 100 Belgian paracommandos. Although
Tshombe apparently distrusts his native troops, Belgian offi-
cers with the Katanga forces discount the possibility of dissen-
sion among Africans in the armed forces. �The native civilians
In many of the province's important mining cities reportedly
present a threat to order; they apparently have some weapons
at their disposal:3
[-UN Secretary General Hammarskjold has reit-
erated his confidence in Rajeshwar Dayal, his representative
in Leopoldville, and has rejected 1Casavubtes formal demand of
14 January that Dayal be recalled. Hamrnarskjold took issue
with charges made against Dayal by Kasavubu, but said he would
refer the matter to the Security. Council for final action-.-A
Dayal has been withholding information and slanting reports
In such a way as to favor Lumumba supporters. However,
Hammarskjold angrily told American officials on 14 January
that he was "very determined" to keep Dayal in the Congo,
despite a campaign of "Russian-type" innuendo which he implied
was coming from Western sources. Nevertheless Hammarskjold
may yet have to appoint anew representative if the UN follows-I
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(the precedent of acceding to such requests from recognized chiefs
of state in the country where UN troops are seryinel
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Salvadoran Armed Forces Reportedly Planning Coup
The armed forces of El Salvador, under the leadership of
the minister of defense, Colonel Castillo Navarette, plan to
overthrow the ruling civilian-military junta soon in an attempt
to head off a Communist takeover, according to reports being
received by US officials in El Salvador. The armed forces,
which had been virtually paralyzed by disunity, appear to have
been spurred to cooperation by increasingly bold Communist ac-
tivity in recent weeks. Unrestricted Communist organizational
activity among the easily manipulated Salvadoran peasants and
the visit to Cuba earlier this month of a group of Salvadoran ex-
tremists have particularly heightened the concern of the military.
the army is well or-
ganized tor the coup, which has the support of "practically all"
important military leaders. A newly formed political party plans
public demonstrations in the capital during the next day or so to
give the army a show of popular support for its action,
The army plan reportedly calls for strong rule initially
through a three-man military junta composed of the defense min-
ister, army chief of staff Colonel Portillo, and Colonel Yanez,
one of the three military members on the present six-man junta.
The new government would permit continued activity by all non-
Communist political parties in preparation for congressional
elections which may be called next May. The Communist-front
April and May Revolutionary party would be outlawed.
The coup planners are said to recognize the possibility of
some bloodshed after they initiate action, and the Communist-
influenced student and labor groups in the capital would probably
attempt counteraction. As long as the army rema
however, it could probably control any disorders.
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THE PRESIDENT
The Vice President
Executive Offices of the White House
Special Assistant for National Security Affairs
Scientific Adviser to the President
Director of the Budget
Director, Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization
Director, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Special Assistant for Security Operations Coordination
Chairman, Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities
Special Assistant for Foreign Economic Policy
Executive Secretary, National Security Council
The Department of State
The Secretary of State
The Under Secretary of State
The Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
The Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
The Deputy Under Secretary of State for Administration
The Counselor
Director, International Cooperation Administration
The Director of Intelligence and Research
The Treasury Department
The Secretary of the Treasury
The Department of Detense
The Secretary of Defense
The Deputy Secretary of Defense
Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs
The Secretary of the Army
�The Secretary of the Navy
The Secretary of the Air Force
The Chairman, The Joint Chiefs of Staff
The Director, The Joint Staff
Chief of Staff, United States Army
Chief of Naval Operations, United States Navy
Chief of Staff, United States Air Force
Commandant, United States Marine Corps
Assistant to Secretary of Defense for Special Operations
Director for Intelligence, The Joint Staff
Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Department of Army
Director of Naval Intelligence, Department of Navy
Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Department of the Air Force
Supreme Allied Commander, Europe
Commander in Chief, Pacific
The Department of Commerce
The Secretary of Commerce
Atomic Energy Commission
The Chairman
Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Director
National Security Agency
The Director
National Indications Center
The Director
CONFIDENTIAL
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