EXERPT FROM 1957 REPORT ON INFLUENCING HUMAN BEHAVIOR

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 00146167
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 17, 2024
• Document Release Date: January 15, 1983
• Publication Date: January 1, 1957

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7. Inf1uenc1r4 Eurtan Behavior � �
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a. Influencins bumanlbe:havior is a most complex subject and
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very difficult to describe and evaluate in terms or accomplishment,
- - cost, and. potential-benefit to cintoestine operations- 7.ne whore: -
� " ���fielci.-inclurles-medica.17-
there hap been imatz.h speculation -on"the subject vpry"1.j,ttle of -
a positive nature is known about the hich h=an behavior can.
-.� ---e.-pro&-am-having sane speco gca i has- now .reached-a-c-oint _
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� in. where a review- of-the -pr.-.'�m should-be rade to etej -
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� � 7 -Cont:Led vhat, doirrie
-BecauSe:.' f -the Le-,�'4.�i�ed-*: �cif.
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"-and�tatiney is *being.: spent ori7fair�ly
an& experimentation.'� This -type' of activity esnt be Ineasurei in terms
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cf 'concrete results -nor. can dalar values be applied.. :It reouir-Es an � -'
i.S..1.1-70f the:;::0.0.1.eC-I-41.e870-P
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operational�benefits to be deriv&d.,--veighed�e-ixist-the-allocati4rr-cif--- �"7- ---
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1-_�� :ILL= .piableTM-s the.prcTip&aa:is- d1g tneff:o22taa:major
problems .is that. of rcrved.interrop.tion technicipestsKany different__
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-"---'-methCas are used. to break- claim an indiviiltiaa.ri-i-eiistfo'int
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there is always-doubt-abeut-the-aceuraey and reliability-of....im:farma-,.........44.
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tion obtained by the classical methods of pressure, daa�ess or torture.. r
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The use of drngs or �osychochemicals in this respect is not new. So-cart.ea ----
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"truth -sex-L=3" have been used, sometimes successfully but more often not..
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The approach being taken by *Chemdcal Division is to use psychoch=i-ls r'---
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to create within the individual a mental and emotional situation which
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will release him from the restraint of self-control ar.a. ind.u;e_111-1 to
reveal information willingly unaer adroit manipulation.
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- - 431.�lielated.--to -the -improvemenb of- offeinterroitiow
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�ter�Tlio ques -is the develorraent"of -defensive measures against -Opposition
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interrogatior.z . 1-c�P a to cc1anter-
meas1l,-...1 4'oz-the .p.roteciticin of Agene-z-aFP.anr.3_..i.nf.ormation..con? �
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cm-2 -3ing Agency 'a.Ctivitiei.--ThiS--is-m-otIrz-.. Objel..t:ive 'of the -
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' .po1i.tice..1 action
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-03Nrett_. it; g.-P Yel'21.
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� b.,j_ev_e_of_ jts -orpece.:Ite Tpr.epared.,:t1'.z;:supaol.-1-L9r:r.lte 7such . .
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"ttians-possible 6- - ton-Cht=i-cp.1 methods of � accomplishing .political- action �
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operaticas are. i..z1...o inclUdea._in--thd-proata....,_ . . .,:. -__' ...,....._ . ...... . ,. : _
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zee:tic:511. :hear- � LI-1 egf',2-t--- .
eran-gia.e.r.fr-cetta-v=i3s1 re-Seta:6h
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, to a . better .understang of .tb.e..worlsings..of. the ..humsn...min' d.. is_ an.. es s en--
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........L.,.-..t ....--. .. wv...tiOn1-""4-t � Ikehavd.0,- _crr..:.-poss-.1.132,ex Its.. Ati.Y.Pat.i.on.-or..cmt-r-r1 .,is. of :,......-.
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inestirj . able.value. - � - . . - � � -: .
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0. Some concrete results have been achieved. Six specific
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. products have been developed. and. are available for operational use. Three.-
of them, P1, C1, and. C9, are discrediting and. diss.blirg materials vhich
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can be administered. unwittingly end. permit the exercise of a measure
control over the actions of These have been used, in six
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different operations on a total of 33 subjects. The other products are
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.a knockout material used :t6.facilitate uti.COnsciousne.ss;- K3 -v..--
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nrod,,;ccea._a_de inebriation-,out,of,proportica
_ � � � 1. � amoun.t _of. ale ohol-cons=ed. and; A2; which-is-t-tculant -Similar �7
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--LP-Benzedrine 1471741.P.ffeot..:tout vithout its uhdesii-E�bliCafti-I-4ffeaii:
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� -� - A .2pannal has been .produced which analyzes methods -us.ed� gtit.twiist-
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---, security. forces:1n the_arrest.;:inte--.--r.o3ation and. 2..ndoctilEE-biiiii; - -E
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'� "enemies of .the state._".�;.- Two. other manuals of lessertinctLoa_huve.._ .
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- - �.�,�-�-�,-r-������-c.:1)e4.4n+.2:03-1-01ed- Onet�de scrib ,..s-methods - of -admi s drugs- or-chemicalt����4'
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� �� 7-reate.rials .surneatitiousl,y-anc3..misdirectin- _attention�-o. f- ,a-subj Th - . _
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* other is devoted..tc;
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jad . methods of -infliienc:173-F,-
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*, ;free choice.- (Aber studies em still-in process-which�--it is-anticipated�
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�11. � --At the-present timel-there-are a substantial number of- acti.vc-1----
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.�orojects:concerned..with-substantive.researcli inIthe-behavionalr'field.
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7r1 a :other e.,:ztivities,...1.taD:-Iia.;=1:1Y-Eetr."-ti";..
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� ..segrega.te those contracts which have direct �apPlicatiOn'oeto'apportiOn'
- � those 'with multiple- t.otal...c.xtent-zof:th&.efto-rb-;-)iowever:"
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� --���� . i. Extensive research is being conducted by-two orgeniza:tiona in
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. which the Agency has-substantial interests. -.One is-theE
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a research foundation with headquarters in Washingtat.'-Ef *is Siipported.
in part by the Agency and is used principa13.y�Eis-a- fuiiaiiig-mei;11sra to
finAn.f.e research projects. In addition to its use as a cover -
it provides useful information in several areas of medical research and
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� perraits the inclusion �of .areas of� snecial interest in rczee..tc1�_''�?:*
� sponsored. by .
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I. The medical member .of CD Staff is accredited.. � � -
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carer -facility.---The-Society-haP 1--c full-tine mnloyeee-and, a-_-3�24.?...-al.-", .ve3 '.
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Board...of Directors who ostensibly pro-ride facels for.ree.ec�-1.1 isc ti`...5.- Zesser;'-':-:'-':=
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� .� 11101711.--eCO2.0-4 r�Tvl ps-r.ectz. of }irt-vArritv. As r-cazer
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� effecti. ve. and less costly I � � � �
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� � � & ��!, � 0. Saistantive research in the belavioral eld- is being _
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under con�L--act a4-4.-severe-tuniversities throughout the country. - Th- --
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..... ..... . ; . -University tis �exolcxing_the effects.on_hirr-Pr_.�-1�331;P..-C-r'' ' _
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. lisere._c acid., the. priz_c, ir;al inedient of .1, .
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� versity is Forking on 3=0.72kat* MEiteii Pi cl W})-1 P Vnive'rty�." "?.�
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-7?-r.."...Pe.'.�15'7.-3-,en-entagolgst.X.e=e-tirorl. ale oholtop-r-caide. _
. � ...a.,���,r, ..����� ������*�-�.r Pr- .fl.. ���..dir r% .T�V���,-
.���,,,���� ��-,���� �� � �.� � -defense-a-zki�ns1-- '�-� 4 4' 4'
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country' s foremost,authorities -on la-71r able= . is 'iintti the. '4.v4.1.-e-tt7 or
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c- state....and-..mee.s=ing.the.- Pftrst_ssrnoqtc-cl--tha:4aur--T,
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A project at - liniversity is concerned with research in nt.suroict
---to detm-mine -the effect--of- =otional strese-end-the-resulting-trt.r....t=a1-. �
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damage to the brain on. other tissue of-the hurza-body..-
, A major problem' in.. the- behavioral program is-that: of 6....--canging
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for and cond=tirs the-essential tests and. experimentation I�thich.-..produce
be basic data for the deve3.43ment of techniques an& the application. or �
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the end. product to operational use. This is a time-coasuming and. costly
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- procesa-bun". one_ Isa.1.7cli lira'st-be-accomPlished. car" 11 y-and-thoz.-o V.
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ihort:-...nuts-or substitutes which can be applied. Because of
. '-- ' -----t-Tr�---dne�-oliventio-nf...1 use of the znateri a..4.. involved, CD has:hs.a added. .
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� --� -- --a-. dif-freuity -.1n- obtaintng-eert- services and zac3.1Itit.o�c_pr_dp.t.:t. tests
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ertnents;.--Sozie-of-the.-activ ._ities..are considered to be pro'essit.snal.3y
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- .' - - unerldtie-r.ansl--in,s.ameinstances-13-Order on the i.Uegsl. " These idifficultiec� '17
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e...: Arpther 7 ,
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- substance' 'with which".C1:14.s. ponce:1-n. e. Very little research. �
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- has-been-done by the"tedi'aa2:zprofession- and. CD is breahing-newound_____� _,
in � efforts t�. -de--ire16-15- this' re.terial for operational
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isa--.6.4iitriments are .ge:nerFt'lly "Oonducted. .
� �-�� � -on_en-l�r-q1.R.---17or-thi.1.---ou...rp_ose; CD has engaged. the services__c4.faail1tiea
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%�� - of such-institutions as-:
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I The 1-�Tatiorls, Institute -of lien.tal_ge?-1.ths-tests..o:__,
...de-a-alo=d-tcoLstuaz-Athe..effee..ts.:_of7,?; land. kaochout-naterial ana.. hatworov.i.ded
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� 7- --- to-e-ncwrollsia.-��.The".-b-est. resPits- have been.�Obtainekfrom_yant
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AddictiOic-BOSpita-i-te:angbon; ICy.; _ ;
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jn arr�angentent.5.s in ocesi with the �
jwhich expected
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to proltide" valuable results.---Even'witla�all the date. EAthered_frocr2c.hese.._..
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---;�:-InItITAItIonwtherezremains a considerable area of..doubt..._Th44-.J.E.--stP.
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and experim-ente are conducted. under controlled conditions and the resu.lts.
may be quite different from those .obiid. in the operational use of the
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mat In-this 'respect;
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be consid.ered as � exnerir-ental as �yrell... _Much-more-testing must be-con:-
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._ducted_before the-behavio:Ve- Considered-to hav6-acdoriplria;e2-
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�Its-objectives._..
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--n :4m6st .
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--appro;dszately.
includg fl he tind. to support ti
j13.1W-parT-bf tEig. cost of suppoiting
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\ it also .includes'" Part or
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to aid in the constiiiCifo-n of a wing devoted to mental -11messes..
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-. -Con crebe-results achieVed-thui-far-ii�-difheult to justify in relatioa
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to cost. To price can bel attached to the intangible value of the -
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extensive contracts established. with outstanding members of the medical
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ard. other scientific professions. -At tble point in time it is impossible
� to assess acc�TiFately Va.& potential of the program or to estimate the
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value of the anticipated results. It is believed, however, that the
-arljuration :that it.:be-conducted�
ecorni-,ir�Plly as possible.
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