PROJECT ARTICHOKE

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 00144700
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: November 22, 2024
• Document Release Date: January 15, 1983
• Publication Date: April 26, 1952

110 . 01" 43 CO2109
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201 Ausict=t Director, Voisntific Intelligenae
7RO:T3 Project Coordinator
SUB07.725 Project :Artichoke � �
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. .1. PrOC.EL4.�To reexamine the CIA prove= for developing special
tech:Agnes for interrocations (Project Artiaoke), and to aotora'ine the
V'. _ rout affective zeal= for c.arrying eat this pracran. - �
26 April 2.952
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.PACTS 37-V.ING 01 TIM P7."2.171.--�
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- a. Dospite the fact that on severe/ eccasions the cpers.tional
offieeo 12:78 encountered sitnatione where nadition2.3. interrozation
procedures were nosded, field tests utilising opeciel tochnicxeo
Lfor interregati= have not been conSucteil as planned. in the .7roject
Arti "clinks Tic:sore:02s dated 2.3 Ilarah, 1951. � � �
� b. he principle reason for tile delay is a 1ac% of contldenee -
en .the part of those responsible for the Project in the tochnitues
presently available, :ma our inability to cone np with any new �����-
e. t chnives offer sleanificant aliventscee over *see.
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a. A =jar factor contributing to the :tacit of confidence in - . �-..i�
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present techniques, as yell as our inability to 'develop r.ew ones, -_
. has teen the difficulty in obtaining competent radical enpports � ...4w
- both for the operational tetras and for tho resez...reh effort. .,,_ ...mi.:-
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, .. a. T:he C1.1 licac:al sties!, vaieb, waG not I:tan:lad in: the:
original pro.n. has recently revised its pla.:_am ins in such a
t't it 12 in a position to, assist in en evaluation of presently
lawi.-n technives. :�'-,-- S _ � ..-- --1--:-..4�A:�-� - --0 � t ��
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. erf�e�� ���?..'-'.. .7 ........
e. Iteems.se this is piimerily a sledical problem. the CIA j-letql ;a21.7etli
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Staff r.t.q.be in a tetter roaition than any of the of %C.fices presently --,_
cor.cerned in the Project to eevelop new =../1 iaprovea tech:lives.
..4....., ..tc.x,
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3. misCussleri.--�(see Tab A)o
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COUCLUSICS
r... The support of the CIA Redica3. Ste-ff ic essentiol to -
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Project Artichoke if field tests are to be condnee4 au origiatally- ra9:�4
plaraed� ... ... .. �. -
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� � Zecsase this-tit primsr11,7 reis.ical problc4, the CIA
2Tedicr3, Str.ff !nicht val assr-:e ros;-onsibility for the
Project . - - �-
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co :4.,...t.censieerztion to elven to the tr.cts eta conclusions
totca atose, =ay these r.re concurred in 17 the intcrestea .
ac 7 co:T2ensuts. r..7proprieto cte2e to be taken to correet the
2;roJ3ct directive.
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MISCCSSIC:141".�
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a. P.roject .5.rtIc:3 is a special :cram, proc.:tEan ostablishod
for tae azz-i application of ceciP.1 techLicLues in CIA
intarrozstions ar..1 in otter CIA covert activities 1711.Tr3 =ntrol of
. an ii..lividuz-�1� is desired. .Activitics alocz the line of Project '
Artichoke have teen pursue& by veriou.s cortponents of CIA for at
least four years, and previously cporcdic efforts to dt,velop and
1:017 te la=i;.c.ss of this r.atu-re vcre rado by the Arncd Se
and OSS durina _ �' � �� � � ��- .
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It A directive establisht,iv CST as tha Coordinator of r.n
intezratod CIAc.ni intar..,.�:::ancy pre in this field was
on 3.3 gores. 1951. Sitte0 that dote OSI calcavared to evaluate
�.1rnovn technivas and to uncover new ones using concrattinta. Arned �
�' Service coute.cts end whatever in.foratticn may to r.vailale within
CIA or thronzh other CIA ch.---Inals. IA the ea time. MI has
ceavorz toovaltiate c1rfrt that the USER w.dfor its satellites �
� nay bave 'eloped us./ end slif,icant tee-waicuoo for this isurpose.
C. r.esults of the procran to date are nsted aa follows:
Copy Ito. Li� of 6
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. (1) Vrenentl7i 4:00x.nt.out,n hr,veen1;:r.e1,1
one fori ,...,..1thffr :=117:q. �th.o lines rtf intoroot to CIAt .
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� (a) r-rtin�... Sal= roontr.tk41, zodi�an anzttl,
barlituatea in ester-J.. Vhese teri,-!ictscs�
have boon ;;;roven to to effective and theg involve little
risk to the tubject if adninistored tulder
direction. 7.7.sey ii1 prndttec Ic=6,0 ezA este 71-evious1r �
coat:ea:Lod farovatiaa in a n-AzIority of Vitie9s ���" - � ' �-�;."-
�?(Val/trannntfi ezet Linitod padica1 facilities; erporienced.
medical ;creo=elti interrozation r.ercor.r.a3. with bmckc,.-rorLd'�
e. training in their application; preparatory =I:n=1
erAnin.-..tion to inenra propor physica1 condition of ral.bject;
payaholocical. tate:vie-a to detine !otreszths, wea:rneszcs
and ths =at productive pa.tt.a= of interrocation to fol1o:4 ���-7
Subject nms.ally h�:...a kaswiedge of actux.Q. intorotIon.
Plvelological after.-offects misht be antlyscd 17 Zoctor
�as an intlimtion that drats of sone 1ir-1 had used.
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(b) ,nt Of cane value in
intorros-itiona tuzd in controllizzULU
not to 10013 cucceesta t etrairee cee7"..eration fro=
. steeb cubjecto. guest:tans ctotroctreinz ontent of
contrai thit ctn r.,-.T.olicee'r.nrticalarly in act*
c:1-1.-tet till* Darnel :rill of the no*
tevercl pre-con4itier-ing TIcrio4 teceesery in
CO St czeos. -Mee ti SZ� 3 cm_erienced Ite-,enotist but no othar
r-rp;orting ,acroe=el. .Subject usually tag
O ncri327 of the event tut .o..b present there ic no way
of (later:Ariz th...st central la adr.117 ae.aiavoa (or
that subject i* ensbniosion). , � � � �
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. (0) &tiro. orA Alentrle
While inychiatrio to of thee� te.e.e.d.queo is tridecoread
alena thif liztee of interest., the severity of the treat-.
:lents Taseibility of injury cz.1 parnar:znt, dannce to the
'cubjoct u3the 1y cn7)erienc:-1 pareonnel rcauireat
rule these tocb.nivez ct.tt for the present.
(2) Cho' items ithie.h are treauently need.by olic as
you at intellicence officers on a routine-basie are noted �
for the record as follows; � � � ���
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� (a) pArn:i.-120. �io.o:..edrines ffel.ce; nicotize,-�
etc. Uccf..7.2.neest efi'ect�tvenece cna linitations
oD=on1.7 ir_newn, Pr.irarily ot value tecrrene thry
aseizt the interreratar incsining access to certain. tr.pes -
of. individual% Wham combined Itith usycholocioza or
physteLl ctress$ they increazo tha t-er.cien ultinotely .�
the es.1...mtetion ot the subject.�
� (b) CO'"rr,n17 consinarea
the roost 2reeently iorn item for dlooaenine. the
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(c) forminli droPin heroin, nuri,I=T..., etc.
.&_ti.o.rktiant V.haeo it=e can 'be useftf.1 in reverse ter.4mseti:
of the streseee proeuced viva they ece Witiv.i.rzten fr.= thoss
v.adicted -to their use, Men, cone claL-as exist ao to their
� itseulnaso in intarrov.:�,tioney but this hos not be. verified;
--. by research. .� ������ � � - . .7 -�
� � 7rent lycarsia e.ctz1 etc.'
Ziezkl.r.etl.orttihio definite results kr--170 boon achieved in
producing contucion among cubjecte treated ulth.r.Jatufb -
vont/ties, there Lime have not yet she= neefult.o� se for
intorrotion �� � .-.�
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aporosa ott4 so; eo;Aira Trsolsce;ca6 etqiczoc: ten eq4
griv.os.4.04 esorcz=iV 7 (q)
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.�;�4.,;=;4 tt; **op: tvcsur...30 gs Oseqcen gro ;13 eel%
.� irmsa; so; 14 LL peou faun � �o�EqrstroLa gnu
� pnItIrs ta Grrr..-rtinA4or;. .13Sag.tr.e= ego ;a op= eq ErEttos. GStt plas
,6;"Z'ag ott elasetla 04 es�tvo noon Tamed evel. LIpaotp% op= =est
-; 1347a217.02==ra 40A0T3 crt4 04 4usolszco.".., fropr�Jav 4,4c
s.!f eatnfitesomto 93=n:4os-a /....00ppr, soRtcr.; &�3 eq *I.
.(evz:z.tr.3ttco rartov.IX, va) Xraos ;Tact.; ptc.ct pracut tatroz ott4
62.-.2sogoe= xsort now; inrs ;;ale tro or�t-42.4=1
- C73 .-7-45fl4/Inq Elam ogo.rooso..T. rgua tnry 4usoo.ut ar,t. so;
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Va'4uuTPu; Dui:1mPa is,: 41.56t avc1.0100 Z niu? rED:t7aV
� 0,4 rati7=0:=1= Cz �eor orsoexo Itta' ;11.7,....�o4Argoq. sieq4
rn-ea, 2,3e,T.6 egcgo tEvrat v8ZIO3UCO =Olt
Gral001 TAP=6, era U0 ,:er."174.141..., f� drias � cnit
ezt: fuz;;Tpip uz so.r.4.= v.T.3=3 .o ;0 eop.137 vda
�=oI4s0.17aus-;o ;;Insuiro
t72.notivry. 4onz.soo ;o oq of; tisozr.a 1=49 oral pouz eq4
'4CraTz.mart ev..,Teinic�-*a.mpl; gityalp2=T ora =4-0tcorrus
oq vroca. TetoozzacE trona 4s-ql. col; ;aril cool3..nio CT: St&
eactm iszo:z.tozr4zr..s �par..zooroo &plot; o.;;:p.';=Toz ()tit r;
--n.o.:2:io�cq ozovizaav Fr.-4 cqA. t.;cw towaltoortco
so; poccato otgarZei ma, U0 te�CaCe.t.7-6-c oscri Tags
eseq; czar.= coo; UCO szre.; Trizsog000mrs
otarzoossi. pout.Troab
segto ;o szop-zoo eq4 4sIr cazzo �41.4tuo�y4or:s;
ivez.w.,:ropoo ticre Tik,r.r.ga cr,4 C.o. p-ooq 0; veqocites
.4c ool:a.Scad op; ;o 4�=ciotagap
� � cm so; �co;...m.c...acw.de.r.o ;7:1-3 no.=�ezo.r. ;o pto;; eta r;
uot.q.zo.vig 0:61,3 ra3 GaMMISzou. oprotoLo 04. ten=rea..96
1.1-..,-.1oItso;ose.�;o .0=6 pat:al/v.1=o 'so t:21-6�4
;o =,:zrzo.1�.c= ora wito) ��
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uot:408.17; tri4 o=c2osei crEClocIsd *o.tov po4ou or.a4;
oql ;o o2oott rp.e.cser.; so uo;varate se4pq a 2,42;11�17.ct
iicsto.o; rop.o.:40 .2-4,:crootrz ost: mr.o:imco to;or.e2u sotro
v10 Du ;�asizosos noon 4.01,7137,,sv .
tioogezz, so oet:Ito ore strcatt 4tr...o;;;ICIe ACT.:3
r.s.toh.=z-a tooq cLttt craIzow.: .to can7qzqoa4 rett oz � . '� .
�-::. � � � � '�-.�'� � .egozotivoun cuon- rzet . �
. � - ��zrzot 111;:cn 23510-44-icac: ex1,,,Dono� � .-
c; 4; szolcso.do rourzio
� Vuriqqrs cx--q dcr,i. c4 � �-�
c:.koccq.n3 tavIzazo:s. �co postt u-:N. or.rc.% ;0 XlItnardt's;
4:4 coa.an ;o avg pout A-Eta:zoo ovr,s�
:17:41.747-0741 074��iiv' Co)
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the Researcii;ncl :-"eveloistant 'Scant, at the reAineat of Wye
has unitertriren ct atuzly of. the technic,/ feasibility
of Artiebo::*-trpo tochi-iiques;'�Althoh the tuily ie � �
desicee.d oStsneibly to proviclo C7'. pith n better basis
for oval..r..�ting Soviet c tUt1 i t4-.13 fiold, it
Can 13 ueiata i evIluat-inc; and caiartz cur O.
:he cannittta.r.v11:trs have tscn selected, r.r.A, Iyabl�-.c'.; �
to their r.v,.11..thility elt3-4,1
on the subject in .he ncar �:nture. � �
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� � Cc) CIA 11�Imsnreh 7re!,r,.-Ifte CI.4 is sponcoring
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reesarch to develop tocilnic.nco for improvinz our �
capabilities for detecting deception ca. to evbiluate'
Certain tvee of drnas having a potentinl fer use in .-
Project-41.rtichoke. ,7.osearch on the adaptability of -
-typnosie to the vsrione aopectsof the Project is leing
conductod �frithin the aseney. Linitc4 fecilitlea �-r:or
testing devices as th.sy aro.developed have been ap.2rove1
gtzta are 'being establithea�-�-- . � .� - �
(d) � Thastria 1,0 15:rortment, � � � t �����
� � � On 2 kr11, 1951 the reyatt7 Director tricfal
the AC 3.a nte=tive rcenion on the project.. .72..ch
Serrica intelli,Tence chief azroc3 to assist the acer4y
L n the =Oar ?Ind colsec.Ater-t17, Uat officsra were �
smiteir.sted for the projact. .he liaison officerz hsvo -
'bean most coo2er....tive bat, smcopt for the 531,7
they have-not to= in a position to centribnts to the
proisct� It is lzopc.i that the 713 Stu.dy notcd :above. �
which was -alasned. cool-ail:attar), with, the actizteec,
Yin revert in a tatter picture of Zepartnent of Dsrenee
research zpinvon. In the neantine. information 2:7'.= the
Depsrtnont of Defense concerning Um/ technizues orraterial-
%Ales rilAat aealltable to CIA operational nee za.s
larcely =east iVeo;.;
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Trelnation of Soviet co:abilities* ....
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- (1) A con2lete ev.e.lsation of Soviet ca:p.abillties
cr=ot be euntil tits 3Stuta.7 has eotablishod. a =lid
satrix of fact re:I-avatar, the technicg foosibility of various
Artichoke-tnie teahniques. A prelininn...-7 evaluation of the
rather fra,-;--entes7 information available does sot c,onfi= the
steertions in sone quarters that the.Sovinto huve a aworizler
drag* or revolutionari�tec:=Jque for making
Host of the =ses ers.....ned arta shown the ace-old Dattern of 7.-
torture, wrlaustion entlultinate sental '4;75ic:a
of the sabjocts Such US3 of dru.so as =,), b.:nre been 1311JoItte8,
v.ppearea to be along the lines of incroacing the tension ani
thereby haotenins the ellapse of the 5u.bject�
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(2) Vo cf._nizo� accept thio laals of evidonco c.o proof'
thrtt tho Soviets have not developed nves rnd effective tacImAInee.
Ono of Vie W=02 chavactoristico of nott r. cychiatrics tcu
VO !IVO COntliarCa -hAO teen a certain crone, of r.sztoola vith. �
reopect to tho overly. It chould to 0eetcd. that perfection of
these tecionituos vould ilerroctina tho =costa enaranteriotio
to such an sztont that t10 i to totall� y unnuare that
124 hoe Given anythir4 al all.-
� (3) Contritntins to tho roviet capability in.this field,
uhotever it Z le, to thoir rathor procr.assive iZfor.:nrd
� lookins poycholocical and ptrichiatric research pro5ram. thsy
are ue13. versed in on of tho technivao of which ve 13
/=:11/1C1.Ctl� 1::Ale there hz.vo teen 1:11V:once* connectimr, this
vita their interrocation Terser:1d, no direct evidonce
of stun.", corneal= 1141trbson fc=d. A detailed otitly ot thslr .-
Psycho2e;:ic..1.1 and 74:7e:tat:IXzfl i3 'J
proceso in the 27.*dictl Siviston, CSI, it to ho2o1 thtt, this
trill produce tome leads indicating talother cr not they are - �
applyins spectra technigne.s in intarroLlations..- -
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. Of interect in coiraection yith SoVist capabilitteo
are tvo items ich vere found on tee Coviet oents 4_ntorceoted
in Cermf-ny in the strzmer of 1951. These consisted of identical
plastic c;711r.l0ro containing Itry.edarrao noodles .ttached to .-
collapoitle rota Woos similar to, tut c'out half rh..1 long as,-
shaving aro= contr.lnero. Ono of the t'i=s 'to analysed . .
inconTletely in tho field r.2.3 retained there. The other Imo .
shipped to Von but, ion re.coit by the Project aordinr.tor
in 2c.to loigast, the cont=to of the lube had been lost and the �
27,00c13.9 txo1�1:0_71. 11.-ihauntive cherdcal cdspectrozcopic ar���.�aysis --
of the cylinder, the tr:te, the noodle end acrapi=6�a from these
items; revealed little infor.sation of oicAficanco. �.4.i-�
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(5)ho =.Te cm.stsA no ctatizz that tbe nseiloor
vben applied to ety part ;if a victim irOCI.La =1117,8 W.= to beco=s-1
=enable to the vial of his ce2tor. uh.tle this could
of a vazioty of th.lice, cor-.4usive evidence aoto not trbat the
a =ices a= or caz..s.ot accom2lish to .lachittg.. Bepeatal efforts
to obtain Airraor information, either from the age=ts or en ,�
the material ar.aly..ze& in Geiy have been unouccesstuly,_
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CIA 0;erat1or-a3. Posorbilities.. .
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(1.) no.....T.ito the fact that vo have been una'ble to aevelop -
%Lev tocl=ignos, �thoro is sufficient Toter-Una In tilos� available
orLinzflr to justily consideration of their use in the field. �
Principle handicap such uso has boon our ipabilitz. to provide �.--; -
the r.odical cenpetence for a final evaluation and. for such
field testina SA the evsluation ir.dicates. Ilepeated efforts
to reerat 1:1�N1i&,ersonitpl. h-tvo foiled =1itt1 recontly
tba CIA Medic:bi-:att.-if has not been in a position to actiot.
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-� (2) � As tho r.e.dical copiort tittation bcc:sto inarcaciar,s7 �
acute, alternato r.othcZtoo obtaininj node:ate() rzro Contiacral.
P-ocently plone vera ?4;7clor-ed ulacrety cortain cleared et:ht.-its �
would ratIcrt.::= to tr?..in modicol perconaol for CIA for the *
field te.stinc 721e -2.1on, in trial', conter.plated -
est2bilzhin5 cr.tracto ti=ouch Dr. ?... 33. Cushing. at thot tine
ACel.stant II:dicta Director of the Veteran* Leniniotration,
for roc:larch =.1 clucLtion, an.4 racti0 of th.o �
iidrorsity of Ilizmecotr.... irnZer tho CO CCID.tltaCt � varswana
would be traid i2i tho ute of dract. electric r2,..oc.% c. othor_.
Vote-I:Uzi fields, 'ostensibly for t!....o�purpoto of *doing roscorch �
In psychiatry. 2oe contr.i.ctor, vi o vould be fully cicarea ei-3.
briefed, uto-1.4 evaluito tio techtieueZ 10 conziderod wort'.7
of field tecting�end t-ould ecrcen the pc..7rconna i trair-Ing �
for the D17-sit:I1 1:=27-at:a e2titz:Zo for field itorl:. .7:13 .
o una rezmonal Eiztori ritatcner.ts of proniel-ng crriliaates
vould be sul--.Iitted to CIA for fiev�zrity ecrocain. At the
mpropriato time the iriviOuels nestirc,cUrco_nirectonto votla.
tal:e leave of absence nit= their research lator.story c be �
broacht to CIA for 5....-1!octrir' kationi after which they ttoold
proceed trith the ficia teetizzr.rogrart. After eatable -
application of their teio ncicr field conditionoo -
they treed wet= to the U.s. thGre the results wer..ad to � -
evaluated in conjanction trith the contractor raui l'exther
laboratory rtaeorch u-ork =ducted.. � . 1-.', � '.�:.�
(3) !ads procellare was held in aleyeaco vhen it was
loa.�aed that the CIA Xenon' Stai'ftLJ ntv he in a I�ocition
to provide Itza recl,uicite evaluation =1 support� In 7fact.
becauce of certain imrallol rOrZ3 tho CIA gedical
Staff hoe rece;My unliertraTz. the entira orcynisetion ez:d
�-� responeibility for 1.119 proicot ziGht wall be reviewed.i th
lir.ht of their new recpontibilities
Certainly this lo bacically a resdiez.1 rr3r7-an requiring �
coL�petent r.edicol CEViCS a:4 direction. Zvon if it %ease� '
neccooary to ri.so tho alternate plan for provieing medical
support thronfAx to contract 'roran mtod above, . this
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:night be ahaz.lniotered more efilectivoly 'by tho CIA gee..ico.1..
Staff thrill ty CST. taw it would pr.obally Is u�seful to the
CIA Radical staff in othe proven* thv have ettablich.
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4) If the potentiel of. special tear:Agnes for
intoraoLmtions is to be exploited to the fulleot extent by
: CIA. 53 is essential thst a rare direct line of c000rma �
� responsibility be esta'olichad for the project. Thieves
�
pointed cot in a araSt nottorar_enn fro AD'S!
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dated 4 Pc-or..,..lry, 1952. After a ICC:ICC/0:4 brDD(I) soul .
Col. 57.4lor actir.e for .11)(1') vith AD/SI wal tho Project
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Coor/inttoro it ii.assii.oct!al tot to Dena thia mo=oranaml�
forward. Ma .r.rinciDios oriorsoced in this tramortte=
arottilvr.13.-a t=t1 the r-IminIntrativo probican occastotca.
ty lo.ck of tecezittncs of ths princialics ore jatt as con:acx.
2rostas az they yore r.t tlIzt time. it clo7o1op .
that the CIL 1%.3i.c.:�.1 rattlf 5.5 the rzn.r.cy corlionent vhici en.n
to givaa tho r:�.7023.5:112.1.tys.L1 .authority.for pu.:rutzt; �
r.r,vessively art topects of this.cattzre the �a.13. pate:Ala
of the Foy rot te roaLized�
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