SITUATION APPRAISAL: ASSESSMENT OF GENERAL THANG'S PERFORMANCE AS IV CORPS COMMANDER AND OF THE SITUATION IN THE DELTA AS OF 15 MARCH 1968
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00118648
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U
Document Page Count:
11
Document Creation Date:
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Case Number:
Publication Date:
March 19, 1968
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE :AGENCY
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-Intellicfniace Infoilnationicable:.;
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- 2049
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PAGE 1 OF 11PAGEs._
� STATE/ft CIA N. /MC (SECDEF JCS 1114 � AIR ) C)A/NMCC SOO aczt
ST:ATE/DLR. NTC(E=RICKSON CT- EXO D DDI USIACCM 0CC�3 Stews . rzs dre=7 .=-0101.
This-material cantatas inforraation sZecting the Natio 1 D.' of the United States Within the meaning of the Espionage Sawa, Title 11.17.5.0
Secs. 793 anci 4, the tr.insmi:sion. or revelation of w in any manner to an unauthorlucl person le prohibited by law.
. -
COUNTRY
DOI
SUBJECT
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SOURCE
THIS IS AN INFORMATION REPORT, NOT FINALLY EVALUATED INTELLIGENCE.
SOt..7. E V=NAM
17 1,LL.RCI.-I 1968
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S=7:ATION APPRAISAL: ASSESSISIE OF GENERJ-LL' TEI-VIZTS PEM:',01,'21.1.2r,E AS
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IV CORPS COPMNDER ALD OP TEN SIIIIATION ma TEN DELTA AS CF 15 MAR:a ''.9gi:ML,
DLST 19waca 1968
PEE r-f-Q)i_7;c.f7
(1:6 mAP,c3 1968)
FIELD NO.
T�RIS IS A FDMD APPRAISAL CF TE3
CURR.7,172 S.177.1.ATION. IT IS NOT: AN OFFICIAL .31.1DatiMIT BY TEES AGEliCif
11.1U CO.Y.PON2NT. P_Ts'PE:&S' M?I'S
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� SOUTH V=TN.P.2�1 IS NOT AS ORLI7IC.AL IN MID-YARCH AS:-ITP TaSni 2431)--.:.....'73.7.14In�-., F371. IT plf
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i � IS AS CTRUCIAL A/D WILL cordlur. so. FOR ri". LEM TWO MORIES. MAJOR C,51-9A-7.J
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d NCRTL-1.2IDUC TG EAS BEUON TO REVITALIZE If-CORPS SIME BIS ASSaPTION OF _ P
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co:.:-. ON 29 FEERTIALRY. GENERAL TEANG DESCRDES EES PLANS AM PRO,..( W1,TE .i..
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TF3 0213 WORD, HOFFY-.1. iSIVE; " AM FROM TEE DAY OF B'eS A-RRiVAL FAS BETZ :;;T2i,=`21.5..i
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,SGEORDINATE ITARY LaAD-MS .11�0 GO ON `2,:bZi ATTACK. GMERAL TEA:MIS PROaRAM �
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--t:;CALLS FOR THE MOBILIZATION OF ALL RESOURCES TODESTROYlVIET CONG
L.
li(VC) MAIN FORCE UNITS,- PROTECT,LINESOF_COMMUNICATION,. RESTORE THE
REGIONAL FORCES.:AND POZULAR FORCES PRESS. FORWARD WITH THE REVO-.
if
LUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND PUSH THE RECOVERY EFFORT. REGARD-1
14
1.3ING CIVILIAN MOBILIZATION, GENERAL THANG SAYS THAT CIVILIANS MUST J1_
riUNDERTAKE CIVIL DEFENSE MEASUhES INCLUDING THE BUILDING OF SHELTERS
. � ...
AND
MUST ORGANIZE.TO_CARE FOR REFUGEES. DURING FEBRUARY THE GOVERN-
MENT OF VIETNAM WAS LOSING THE WAR PSYCHOLOGICALLY IN THE DELTA, ;
_
-- �
BUT IT NOW APPEARS THAT GENERAL THANG HAS SUCCEEDED IN REVERSING THE
POST-TET TREND OF THE WAR IN THE DELTA. VC MORALE IS CURRENTLY VERY
VULNERABLE TO A SUDDEN REVERSAL OF THE WAR AND COULD QUICKLY CRACK:
1 IF THE VC COULD BE PERSUADED DURING THE NEXT TWO MONTHS THAT THEY '
WILL NOT ACHIEVE VICTORY IN EITHER THE SHORT OR LONG RUN. TO IN-
.-,
ri
FLICT A PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFEAT ON THE VC THERE MUST BE AGGRESSIVE
AND EFFECTIVE OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS AGAINST THE YC MAIN FORCE. UNITS
ATTACKS AGAINST ..YC SUPPLY LINES AND PENETRATION OF THEIR BASE
- -
?k END SUMM_.I_EX,,
�
. � �
1. MAJOR GENERAL NGUYEN DUC THANG HAS BEGUN TO REVITALIZE
AREAS.
- IV CORPS
5 IMMEDIATE
4
3 THERE WAS
2
1
SINCE HIS ASSUMPTLON OF COMMAND ON 29 FEBRUARY. HIS
. .
PERSONAL IMPACT AND .INITIAL ACTIONS.WERE-IMPRESSIVE, BUT -
REASON TO BE SKEPTICAL ABOUT THE.EFFECTIVENESS.OF ONE
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INDIVIDUAL, REGARDLESS OF HIS ABILITY AND POSITION, IN REVITA�
LIZING THE GOVERNMENT OF VIETNAM (GYN) ARMED FORCES AND PROVINCE
GOVERNMENTS 'IN THE DELTA THAT HAD FOR SO LONG BEEN USED TO CORRUPT
AND INEFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP. BY THE END OF GENERAL THANG'S FIRST
WEEK IN COMMAND, HOWEVER, IT BECAME APPARENT .THAT THE SMALL STAFF
HE HAD BROUGHT WITH HIM FROM SAIGON IS ALSO EFFECTIVE, AWARE OF
THE SITUATION IN THE DELTA, DECISIVE IN REFLECTING HIS VIEWS AS
TO WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE, AND DETERMINED TODO IT. . WITH LEADER�
SHIP AT THE TOP IN SOME DEPTH, THE ENTIRE TV CORPS STAFF SWUNG
INTO LINE AND BEGAN WORKING AS IT NEVER HAD BEFORE.
2. ON 9 MARCH, GENERAL THANG ASSEMBLED ALL THE PROVINCE
CHIEFS AND BRIEFED THEM ON HIS PLANS AND PROGRAM, WHICH HE SAID
CAN BE DESCRIBED BY ONE WORD, "OFFENSIVE." FROM THE DAY OF HIS
ARRIVAL, GENERAL THANG HAD BEEN URGING SUBORDINATE MILITARY
LEADERS TO GO ON THE OFFENSIVE AND THE NUMBER OF BATTALIONS AND
COMPANIES ASSIGNED TO OFFENSIVE ROLES GRADUALLY INCREASED EACH
DAY, BY 14 MARCH THE NUMBER.OF MILITARY OPERATIONS SCHEDULED FOR
THE DAY THROUGHOUT IV CORPS .HAD REACHED THE UNPRECEDENTED TOTAL
OF 60: 2 DIVISIONAL, 8 REGIMENTAL, 9 SECTOR AND 41 SUBSECTOR
5 OPERATIONS. DURING THE SAME PERIOD THERE WERE ONLY 17 VIET GONG .
4
3 (VC)�INITIATED OPERATIONS AND ALL WERE OF-.THE ECONOMY�OF�FORCE
2
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TYPE, THAT IS, 9 MORTAR ATTACKS AND 5 HARASSMENTS. ALSO ON 14
MARCH, 3392 VEHICLES TRAVELLED ON NATIONAL ROADS CONNECTING
CITIES IN THE DELTA, AN INCREASE OF ROUGHLY 50 PERCENT WITHIN A
FEW DAYS. IT NOW APPEARS THAT GENERAL THANG HAS SUCCEEDED IN
REVERSING THE POST-TET TREND OF THE WAR IN THE DELTA WITEN HIS.
FIRST TWO WEEKS IN COMMAND:
3. DURING FEBRUARY THE GVN WAS LOSING THE WAR PSYCHOLOGICALLY
IN THE DELTA. THE VC .CAMPAIGN OF TERROR AND INTIMIDATION WAS EX-
TREMELY EFFECTIVE IN UNNERVING. GVN LEADERSHIP AT THE CORPS AND
PROVINCE LEVELS AND THIS WAS RAPIDLY COMMUNICATED TO THE CIVILIAN
POPULATION AND THE LOWER RANKS OF GVN ARMED FORCES WHO WITNESSED
THE HASTY AND HEAVY' DEFENSES PROVIDED TO HIGHERRANKING OFFICIALS�
_ .AND GVN AND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM (ARVN) INSTALLATIONS
.AND THE RELATIVE ABSENCE OF 'DEFENSES TO-PROTECT THE CIVILIAN
POPULATION. AT A COST DURING THE LAST FEW WEEKS OF FEBRUARY OF -
1.54
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ONLY. A FEW- THOUSAND MORTAR ROUNDS AND SOME GROUND PROBING ATTACKS
AGAINST SELECTED CITIES AND TOWNS, PLUS.THE.GENERATION.OF A PROFUSION
OF RUMORS OF THREATENED VC MASSIVE ATTACKS AGAINST THE TOWNS AND
�CITIES, THE VC MANAGED-TO GAIN A VIRTUAL .STRANGLEHOLD.ON THE ECONOMY
5 AND AROUND THE CITIES OF THE DELTA.- BY MID-FEBRUARY A PALL OF
4
3 GLOOM AND FEAR HUNG OVER THE DELTA.. THERE WAS. MUCH TALK
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;� :7-:AMONG SOUND AND SEASONED OBSERVERS ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF
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SIZEABLE DEFECTIONS FROM TRE GVN- ARMED FORCES IF THE VC SHOI5L13
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ATTACK* IN STRENGTH. .. KNOWLEDGEABLE M IL IT. AR Y OBSERVERS KNEW
'...t'l
i :��!1-,-/ T HAT THE VC . COULD TAKE OVER �FEW IF ANY OF�T HE CIT IES AND TOWNS
OF THE DELTA EVEN WITH A SER IES OF MASSIVE ASSAULT S IF THE
�
; �1��.--GVN HAD THE WILL TO FIGHT , BUT IT WAS OBVIOUS DURING .FEBRUARY
!1.--"`T HAT THE WILL TO FIGHT WAS EBBING. GENERAL MANH MOVIDED
4.INEFFECI IVE LEADER SHIP AND EVEN cONTR.IBUTED TO T HE RE SSIS11 IS14
r.BYISDEFENSE_ORIENTED ACTIONS. THIS WAS T
HE DELTA WHEN. GENERAL. THANG TOOK. OVER'....C.O.MMANDs.-AT 100 HOURS �
ON 29 FEBURAR Y. ***-* �
;
_
4. THE IMPACT OF. GENERAL T.HANG' S TAKEOVER
OF COMMAND
; � �
WAS FELT ALMOST INSTANTLY IN CAN T HO. WITHIN ONE- HOUR I BY
1700 HOURS ON 29 FEBRUARY, THE BARBED WIRE AND BUNKER POSITIONS
;THAT HAD BLOCKED HALF THE MA IN STREET IN FRONT OF GENERAL
. ,
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5
4
3
2
. . . 4.
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MANX'S WELL.-DEFENDED *RESIDENCE HAD BEEN REMOVED AND .VIETNAMESE
� , i.
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CIVILIANS WERE AGAIN PERMITTED TO 'USE*.THE.� STREET FOR THE
-1 FIR ST TIME SINCE TET THIS AN IMMEDIATE ON THE
� _ ���- � . ��
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CIVILIAN POPULATION. ITHI TWO .HOURS 'AFTER HE ASSUMED
tr...COMieiAND GENERAL THANG HAD ALSO ORDERED TWO RANGER BATTALIONS
HAT HAD BEEN. DEFEND ING THE INNER. PERIMETERS OF THE CITY AND
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THE ARMORED PERSONNEL- CARRIERS THAT HAD BEEN DEFENDING IV .Y
. �
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CORPS HEADQUARTERS AND THE CORPS COMMANDERS. AND PROVINCE � �
CHIEFS HOUSES TO. MOVE IMMEDIATELY TO OFFENSIVE POSITIONS_ -
OUTSIDE. THE CITY. THIS 'TOO HAD AN IMPACT ON 'T HE. CIVILIAN
POPUL AT ION AND PROBABLY EVEN MORE SO ON ARVN.
5. THE IMPACT OF GENERAL THANG' S LEADERSHIP IS, OF
COURSE, BEING FELT MORE SLOWLY IN OTHER PARTS OF THE DELTA
. _ . .
THAN IN CAN' Ili0y,BUT HE LS FLYING DAILY TO VARIOUS PROVINCES �
AND. BATTLE ZONES, AS ARE. MEMBERS OF HIS STAFF. THE INCR. E.:ASE IN
. .
OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS TESTIFIES TO THE EFFECT IVENESS. OF .THESE:
VISITS.
� 6. GENERAL T HANG* S OFFENSIVE PROGRAM CALLS FOR THE
MOBIL IZ AT ION OF ALL RESOURCES, INCLUDING CIVILIAN,. TO FURTHER
�
SIX PRIORITY OBJECTIVES AND TASKS, WHICH 'ARE AS FOLLOWS:
(PSYCHOLOGICAL CPER AT IONS WILL BE USED IC/ THF. MAXIMUM IN ALL
- .
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iSIX EFFORTS.)
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. DESTROY VC. MAIN FORCE UNITS,
. PROTECT LINES OF. COMMUN.ICAT ION ,
. , �
c. FESTORE- REGT0.2'.1:AL -7ORCES. 'AND F.(:2CES
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. PRESS FORWARD WITH THE REVOLUT IONARY DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM,
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� .-7. REGARDING 'CIVILIAN MOBILIZATION GENERAL. THANG IN-
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FUMED SEN IOR. AMERICAN ADVISORS THAT THE .CIVILIANS- 'MUST BE
. .. .
. �
12..,771.T OE D THAT IT IS A FACT'.OF WAR THAT THE VCHAVE LONG-RAGE MC9Th
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TARS AND ROCKETS, � GV N MILITARY FORCES MUST BE 'DEPLOYED:OFFEN.... �
-.41.. � � �
SI \:1F.LY , AND THE "GVN CANNOT GUARANTEE THE.. PROTECT ION OF. ALL
�-X�CIT-IES A ND:27,0itniS jAGA INST.,: MORTAR ..ATTACKS.. THE CIVILIANS . MUST
UNDERT A ICE CIVIL' DEFENSE � MEASURES p. INCLUD ING. T HE BUILDING OF �-�
, . .
. .
-:%,� SHELTERS AGAINST MORTAR ATTACKS. HE � SAID� IANs MUST AL SO - �
�' � .
., ORGANIZE TO CARE FOR REFUGEES � AND ABSORB -THEM FROM REFUGEE
� � � ' .������ ; .. .. . .,. :: , :
- ,--,:,-,-..-r�'m CE.NTE.,'S INTO THEIR HOMES UNTIL ...DEVASTATED *AREAS. CAN BE CLEARED
7 1 � ... . � � , . . . . .. � ... . . .
.. .. . . . v.., -, -.�.): ��.: .)..:;
AND RECONSTRUCT IW�i COMPLETED' . .. .� :1;'..- ..�': �-..?1�.......-.:
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-:::::....,":ii E. THE SIT UAT ION ..IN THE DELTA ..IS NOT AS CRITICAL IN MID- '1�:.. :--..: -�--..-11 -
.,: -:,...:3 .� � - � � : ' ',.. .. � : -. .: . � � : - -.-...
,�.,,..-`......:�� � . . .,. � ...- � � � .' . � �---------
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MARCH AS IT WAS .IN MID-FEBRUARY, BUT IT -IS AS dijCiki:Xii) , . 4
..... .., , . .
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. ...... . . .. -,� IT. �-�'.. � � '�
.... ����,�1:�.t.:����� . � , ..
,,'::\. '...!.....,..: co NT 1 11 u-z . so- FOR THE -.NEXT :TWO. MONTHS.. HAD THE ..SITUATION THAT . C:...:.:..., , � 1 -
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....-77.... PREVAILED T }-2OUGHOIJT FEBRUARY CONTINUED'. INTO OAYI:. THE VC MIGHT...". � * . --,*
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NOT HAVE ON � ANY 'HEARTS , -BUT � THEY C01.11.D :.WELL HAVE TURNED T ?-2.-
. .
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MINDS OF, THE OVERWHELMING MAJORITY � OF THE DELTA POPUL AT 10
.5 �
TO FAVOR AN END OF THE -WAR AT'. ANY COST, INCLUDING A bAPIT
, . . . .
`'� 2 .1.1-AT ION . OF THE. GVN TO THE. 'VC DEMANDS ��FOR .A: COALITION GOVERNMENT � . . . . .,.
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