APPLICATION FOR RESEARCH GRANT TO (DELETED) PERSONALITY THEORY - IN PAT IENTS WITH DIFFERENT SYMPTOMS

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 00021341
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: September 25, 2024
• Document Release Date: March 8, 1978
• Publication Date: October 24, 1960

� -
Application for Researoh- Grant'
to
EttEialliZ TIME
--in Patients with S
Different ymptoms
_ _ 160.������Il.R.,10-'
� Wpm!.1....gn InetttuttonF Columbia University,
�College of Physioians and Surgeons
PinanotalOffioers
WillitmLN,Jane
Comptroller of the University
Uhiversitfrall Annex
Columbia thidNitat-ty
� Naw_Yorkial, New York
?rjrtot Itiv_estiga tor
Authotized.Offirda
-
ersonelity Theory-' ,- -
In Patton s with Different Symptoeis
1. Objectives oLthe_Work Proposed
its,�
A,
?or purposes Of research,
advantages;
1. Someaspots of the-theory are immediately and objectively verifiable.
2. Frolealong-rsnge point of view, the method by:WhAch-the theory
ordersthe_data permits of relATIVely specific predictions concern-
ing the_ihdiVidUar's behavior.
�
In order to clarify some of the major theoretical considerations _to be. In-
vestigated, 4-brief summary of the theor is inciUded:here-,-- The summary is .
based on direct information from and on Se-undoes reseercb_mem-
oranda, (esebAblAogrephy), Tbe theory tj iven moreJexplidit statement in
a separate memorandum by aute(i). -
MMM ire M 00.
The purpose of_the_proposed studies is to test certairvespeotsef
personality theory by compering t e subtest performenceanLthe WeOleler
telligence Stalee_o_Upetttnt groups diftWing primarily in ()Vert symptoms.
TWO such studies_tre_anttoipated. The first will he an-investigstiOn of-Abe
Wechsler scores of e Sample of conversion hysteric, �com-
parisons of Comparable-subgroupe characterized by different symptoms. The
second will bonsist_of_a comparison oftiiubtSt performance of comparable
groups of migreine_and_ulcer patients. It is proposed_thatthe� thraa tai4r
�ors lity dimensions and their interrelationships; (as formulated by
and as described below) be analyzed within end aoroosthegroupt.
A4;
personality theory offers two major -
According:t0Abe_thenry_. the personality struotureand_function of-the
individual-ten be expressed in terms of three bisiopeTeonellAY7dimen-
stone. ThestAimeniciehe consist of the ExterMlizerInternaliter,the_
Plexible-Rie*, and the Ace. table-Unacceptable-Continusw_Thesetill
hereafter be referred to as the E- F-RdAUdimenstons. respec-
tively.
As the inlividual_develops, he is conftented-Withitbs_task of recon-
ciling hiabesio_personality pattern with various-environmental-and_ _
social demands, which require hid-to modify his position on each of
the three baste continua. His modifteetions represent the extent to
which the'individuel_is able to compensate-fer-the-liMitetions on. .
adjustment_imposed by his basic personality strifolure, , _ _ � �
The thoorrfurther postulet44-thatthe-indiVidua1s_modifications of
his basic personality pateriteell as the baste dimensions them--
selves,. are-I-reflected by his performance on variousreubtests of the �
Wechsler Scales�Tbus, his score on the Digit S-pen-subtest shows his
position with regardlto_the-E-I dimension, his ultimate location on
this continuum being determined by modifying factoraLIEvichre_ifi-
dicated by his Arithmetic and Information scores His Block Design
score deterainse_his_placement on the ?Ai continuum, modified -Ay. his
performencelenAhe_Similarities and Comprebensionsubtell-His
position onAhe_A-U continuum is shown by his score-on-lhe Picture
ArraionmenteUbtest, modified by Ms Picture Completion and Object
Assembly performance.
-hes_developed a method of expressing the dynamic structure of_____
the in vidual, inllerms of-lbree formulae NehiareAased7oifileohslar
subtest performance. These formulae, talon together, _represent the
development:of_the_individual's personality struoture-etrote-time.
CTS16,-=Pg. 2
Sinoe__the_studies will_test_different hypotheses, certain_procedures:for
collecting end treating the datt-Ivill be-different forAle two Investige-
tions.__Procedortsi-which will_te_speoifio to each study are described first.
Those whicheill-be coon to boll: studies are discussed later, -under the
section devoted_to_the-trestment of-the:data.
A. The_Conversionlfysterio St44x
NAD
Convertiowhytterits are t1.ught to constitute an excellent group fer-en
investigation of personality theory, WthatAheir_partiouler
symptoms presumably reflect essential aspects of-the_individuars dynamic
atrigitUree:
,
� )
A pilot study, based on 46 conversion subjects, haselres8 sbeen completed,
and has provided_results_whiciLare'consistent vith-
theoretical
formulationsc_TIough_thenumber of subjectswas reletively mall, partio-
ularly in the comparisons hated on suberoupa, the obtained statistically ,
significant7/Indingziand a number-of-trends whlebFWereTfeUnd, are tb(40WM ,
.-
to be voll:worth_a_more_extentive_analyois wiWa-larger sample.- The
pilot study is summerized-InT_TWAppendir of this proposal. Its results
suggest the:following hypotheses: i
,
1, Pronounced sensory and motor symptoms will be more
of predominantly "2" individuals.
2. Severe and frequently generalized headathei will_oocur_more_often-:-
in predom-inantlY'rw-t4bjects. (This does notinClUde_migraines,
which theoretically constitute a different type of symptom).
� �
3. Predominanily_1" indiViduals will complain of_feworand less
speciflo_symptoms than will the predominant1T-"E" croups.
�
�
4. Boththis_F-R end the A-U_continue will be-relatedito_symptom choice.
3. Predominantly "I" and predominantly "8" subjects with stores on
the Picture COOlition subtet-t of the WechslerlSoales_wilUdiffor
in their expressed symptoms, in accordance with theoretical --
pectetions_of their respective tendencies toeard_withdrawal_and
identification.
8. Behavioraldifferonces_apart_from- symptoms wilIleharacierive the
predominantly "2" and the predominantly "V' croups, the-Se-differ-
encosAepending-to some extent on the lic�on of the individual
on thei_TA;andIAA:tontinua.
Sample
The sample_vill ciousitt, of_epproximatsly 100-t4hjeota, whose medical
recordt-dcunot_indicate neurological pathology, and_wholhaVe:been -
diagnosed_as_conversionlhysterios by examining neurologists. It is
anticipstedithat_the_age_range w1117not go belotr15-or_above_49_years.
and that mentally retaided,subjectsi411-be excluded
)
Speoific Procedures
1. The occurrence of-the_variousaforulse will -
first for the group as a Whole.
2. Weohslerisubtest performance of_comparable subgroups characterized
by different symptoms will be compared. i
3.- Speoific_hypotheset pertaining to the relationships_betweentypptom�
choice, personality structure. nd h I1A 4
theory, will be tested.
4. The influence_on_Wechslor_subtest_performanceLof_population
variebles_suoh_as_age, Sex, educational and_sodioeconomio_backl,__ _
ground, and intelligence (as measured by thsAndiMAdUalts_normal_
level, in eccordance_with_the_Ahoory) will be analyzed.
B. The_Comp&risona of Ulcerend Migraine Patient k
Ulcer and Migraine patients ileve_been_selected beCauseAheirluse_peemits
the testing or a number�of_hypothases which404$11~theor7-implies.
TheafiTh-ipotheses are as follows:
-
1. Theoretically, the predominAntly "I" indit4ddiallanks war
ideitionally dominant, and tends toward withdrawal._
predloAed_that_such_subjeots will be more_charaoteristio of the
ulcerLgroups. .
ts. 6
- 7V
2,- In_aontrast, the prerdominantly "E" individual_looks_outward, is -
perceptually dominant, and environmentally 'sensitive. It is pre-
dieIed_by OMMINNIthat the migrcine pstients-Will consist of
subjects predominantly in the "E" calegory.'
3.It_is7further anticipated that the _strength of the "I" or "E"
owsponent_ofitheAndimiduals personality, is:_deterMined_by the
three-formulae, will bs_a_significantly differentiating factor. ,
4. With respQot to_the_Y-R_oontimuum, it is predioAed_that_ulcer
P6tients_willbe predominantly "V" individuals,L_Tte pompea-
satee_subjects_in particular should tend towardiulcers, beam' ,1
ofithe_continual_physiological and psychological stress_vith_which-
thairequilibriumis_maintained. Theoretically, low Block Design
sooresplus_los_51milarities_performance shOuld_be_morivtypicel
of_ulter_sufferete, since a low_Similaritisi_score_indicates_a --
. �
tendency toward repression. On the other hand, a high Similarities-
acortAn a_low_Block_Deeign record points t4 control of
emotionality and therefore_to less need for'represeida; -
would represent a contraindication_of_the_fortation-of_ulcers.
5. It is hypothesized_thai_the migraine patienisitill consist
chiefly of predominantly "R" subjects. ComPenseterY-faotors,_ _
corresponding to those stated above in connectkaleith_prosdomis-
natelY "P" groups, will be studied for the pred4minantlY "R"
subjeots.
6. It iSifur- sr-hYPAtheakeed_Ahat the strengtti, of the _171 Or: "A"
componentaldf_theAndividualls_personality structure as re-
presented-by the three formulas, will beva significantly differ-
satiating factor.
T. It is also anticipated that the quality of thelladividualsa_
social relationships sill be related to his psychological equi-
librium, andpossibly to his symptom choice asiwell.___Therefore, '
his devs-11Pment along_Ahs A-U contiuum etudied.
Sample
,
Approximately 50 ulcer and.50_migrains patients arerentiol ted-1 -
sofar as_Pcs-sihla. the groups will be limited tolthosowithout _evidence
of further7medical_complications-. The diagnoseaeillibs_medically ds-
terminedo Groups comparable with respect to agled sexeducationalend
socio-sconomie levels, and intelligence (as measured by
will be used. It is anticipated that subjects will be restricted to
those betWeen_the_ages of 15 and 49-, and will_not include the mentally_
retarded.'
01&46iPg. 4
en-
- -
Speolfla_frocedures
1. The_occurrelice_of_the_vsriaus formulae will be-ftudied_
Pc-Cd
within each_of:the groups.
2. Th-i_000urrence oUthe varibs_
.111 be compared.
ormulae in the-groups
3,1Specifis_hypotheses related to the symptomeof_ulters_andibigraines
it,terms_ofAhelAbeory will be tested,.
Treatment_oflithe=Data
The_exp4r1Mentel data_will_oonsist of the ihree_formulet.'oompUted for each
subject, and_bdied_on-weighted scores from the Wechtler_subtests.FurAber,_
scervuwill_be_derived from a theory-determined weigh-ing of various degrees
oficompenSationefithelindiVidUens_basloitendenoiesi-to produce three single
ecs,A-vfor_48-ch-AubPiiii_on each continuum._ These will_be:interpreted as ra
pre6-enting-AheAitrength of the baste dimensions withinEthelIndIVIGells_per.,
conality configuration.
The_dsta_viillbe-Areated_in_accordante_with-theotetical_PradlotiO114--00A-
tingency tesiCAChi-squere and Fisher's exact tests), will be applied, to
determine the differential incldenae_of_the varlovvorsonality oonligurs
tions withiniand_betieen_the_groups.
In analyzing -the results for the strength of the betio_tondenoite, tests of
theLdifferencesAn lovaion_of_these_scoredistribUtionA_within_and_bedween_
groups will be performed by means of the t distribution, or its non.
POrametrlosnelogue, depending on the nature of thirdata_obialned. The
influence of pertinent population variables on test performance will ',-
probably be analyzed by appropriate analysis of variance _techniques
Although thestudles_will be underleken to test a__theory, (for which-Ono-
tailed_testaof_significance are sometimes used), tests
will be employed, in order to permit the intorpretetion_of_contra7 :
theoretical results. ,
3. Period of_time
A one-year projeWie_Ardiolpeted.
4. Estimated kjiztt.
- Psychometrist and _c_cit � �_11 0 � � t_e_! 4 � A II il_MAI:0 @ILO � 44 6.000
Co-Principal'InmesAlgator (pert time) - ...--,.--......-- 37,000
Clerical .:Issistanoe_(part time
_____).............._,:..... ..A;SOO
����-11=�4��������11_014111_11.01�00;e4,:�-�-�-�4-0-1-4-��-�-611-11-10
Miscellaneous._
(Psycholog1O41-Test Equipment, Office Supplies-, TelephoneAlTrevel)
Mil_of-Direat_Coatt.-...111,800
I,A71
,0. , Indireot_CosA_AlloWanciwive_ OOOOO %IP L
Total Cost., . e.C4goet-1, 13,570
�Qualifications-of Investigators_
6. Previous Work IA-this Area
A pilot etuc17-1 on 46 conversionAlysterics, hasleen14ompleted. It
13 described in_the_Appendix, which follows.
7. Other Sources of_Support
Support hes notibtea_nor-is being requested of other foundstioni.-
-0!.-
A Pilot, Study in
Personality Theory
with_Conversion hysterics
Sample
The sample consisted_of 46 subjeots medically examined 9701bl-13-A-te117 eval
uated a
The subjecte were d agnoted as conversion hysterics by the examining neuralegitteo
and their records leered-indications of neurological pathology. The group range
in age fro e 15 to 497141thre moon of 34;41. -Nortel levele re-nod from 6-te-14,
mean 10.44. There were-IVMalit-erld 32 females. They vereTterAed_on Abe ;Whaler__
Bellevue Inte11igentleLS4ale, Form I.,
Method
The experimental data_consisted of�the three
formulae, determined for
each subject on the basis_ofihis-eeighted scores on t � Wechsler subtestl--The
data were studied belhifor_the group as a whole, and in comparisons of-tUbgroups .
within it. Since different procedures tere=follewed in tiwtwo_lypes of analyses,
and different results 'ere ob-ttined, theyCre-toparately preeented-below,
I. The Pilot LVAL with the Whole. Group, (N a 46).
A. Procedure ..� �
, :44
In the attempt to study symptom-choice, the following groupings were
used for th4Liariouesymptome-ehich the subjects mavnifesteds
Feinting !spells, dizziness, drowsiness, and_generalited states of
weakness, t baking, and nausea.
2. Pain7in areas other than the head region.
3. Headathes
4A Patelysie Of-ettroMities, and spasms, jerke;-� and numtheei in those
erase:.
6. PrCnounced sensory symptoms..
6. Numbness and jorking_moyements id-the bead andiface_region.
� B. Treatment_o f the Data and Resulls1
1. Pronounced senlory symptoms (#5) were found in 7 ohe 46 subjeots
andiwere_signtly more characteristic., of Kedominantly 8 in-
diOiduals_(as,. determined by the first formula) .4 Age and normal
3.
a
..���������11.M....
Ona-talled tests of siUxlificance were vsed wb-e), direction was prediaWd�
advance. Otherwise, ti tail UtiSt eeiisi. ReOrted trends" fell
within the .10t6 .20 ievals.,
2 .�.02 by Fisher's exact lest.
 - NIP 14(1,
leve0._did_not 3 IgnificantlYlinfluence the occurrenc070f=these symp.
toms, nor_were-eny-significent differences obtained between the
compensated end uncompensated groups. &mem', a-trend in the -
direation_ofiliacressed numbers of subjects in the compensated groups,
(IC and C) 17413 observed,
_
2._/n studying the formulas of subjects with prorsiunced sensory symptoms,
it was noted-lb-at tha--3 dates in the oroup who suffered-fraWhySterica: *
blindnesi-werer-uncompendetedbtpansated individuals in their lode-=----
tion_onitho-FR continuum. This suggeSted-,6-turther_AtiOrof-stichr-
subjects, of whom there were 90 These 9 were almost equally divided
between "I" and 'S" subjects according to their first formulae,
B.-
coming "E" -individuals according to the second. Ail-af-them con-
cluded as-"I"-indiVidUalt-ili-tha-third-fdtmula, departing sign
icantly_from the hypothesis of an equal-E-I split;*
The_abovementioned results .ere thought to be in line with 400111101
theoratiCalltormulatiOnt-in the follow rig respects. Disturbances in the
sensory-areaavould-be more typical of "En- subjects, who are theoretically
perceptually dominant and-Sho,-if meladjustid, wouldllelid-totard defensive-
N6')
Air:that, inc_onneotion-wilb placement of_the_individual on the
TAI continuum, it would be antioipatad tfiat subjedts_inlihom the "R" com-
ponent was aomparstively recent (i.e., appearing itiltheithird formula -
only) wouldirepainitfteoted-by their "F" characteristics, - and be therefore
subject ta confusional states. .
nesoLin_this_respect.
� 3. Numbness and movements in the hand andifate_regions (#6) were -
significantly more preVal4Wt among the 94" subladts.0 The jerking
movements-were especially common in these individUattc_ Since the ---
Intlet'werevprimarily motarTAITAUkbances, all' of th4._eubjeots who
auffored_from_motOr-disturbencet were selected_out7t.nd a marked '
� dit�ion buthe_IAIN-Lff ividuals
sairobserved.
These findings, too, are thought-to be consistent withithe theory_v_in
thal_moteditAutbances would-hrezpeoted In "E" 'groups, who are both
perceptually &anent and environmentally sensitAve.- _
4. Ftnting spells, dizziness, drowsiness and gonereliied-Stetet-Of
weaknotos, shaking, and nausea (#1), which occurred:WI-5 of-the 46
subjaatitte�sighificantly more charaoteriitio_ofithit-dUll-gr040 .
than_Of_the_brighter subjectC6 A trend was 'Also found in the
3__7or_analyses besed-on:age-,--the group was split at the mectien-(37.66)._ereeMn8._
aLyoung-and-Oldligtbup eseh-ii-0-33-ttbjects, Nonsignificant-differences in
their_mean-tormal7livels and sex distributions were obtairiddclIn stUdying the
influence of normal-level, e brigbt group of 31 subjects with normal levels of
10Iand over, and a (lull group of l6�individuals with dormalliVeIt-bolow 10
wertvused. -NO'signifiWIt differences were found beteeeniheiricedan ages and
their_se2 distributions.
lit< .004 by the binomial test.
5 2mi .015 by Fisher's exact test.
6 ket .008 by Fisher's exact test._
_
-
direoAAon of more subjects in the uncompensated Versus -the'
compensated groups, with -the greatest number-of-indiVidUals
fal11-4-rin- the uncompensated 2 category. Agerwas-a-non;--
signi-floent factor.
1
These results aredupportIve of the theory, in that-e-liss-
differentiated_level of-Wdeptual disturbance reflected in sensory
symptoms, would-be anticipated in predominantly-"Vsubjects who are
oharsoterixed by a lower level of intelleotual.fUnotiOhing-.---
5.--1The following trends were aido noted
a. In dividing the group-intd-four quadrants according to
grouOing$7,-8ubjects were distributed4S-61lowst
000Mteusted I
. _
Intiagensated
Compensated-I 06-thoensated AL
�16 . 12
Irtenfba seen that there is a trend towerd:the_greatesi numbers
oUsub-jeots falling inr-the two compensated_groups.--Whild-tdreP-
subjects are needed for a more definitive ,breakdown in terms of
quadrant placements, the predominance of 'compensated subjects is
oonaittent-with-theoretical expectations.!
b. AlArend toward fewer symptoms, usually somewhat geterelitad-
id- their nature, was-found to be moreioheradterietieldf-the
"I" group, the ' SU j00t3 having a greeter number of '
relatiWly_specifio complaints. Whi1e_thille0 -compensated
groups-showed-noMsrked difference in these respects, ell
of the 10 uncompensated / subjects complained of -2 or less
symptoms; while on11-4-of the 8 uncompenlated.1P-in-
diVidualt 41-41--Mi, the remainder complaining-ef-3-dr more.
Neither age nor normal level influenced_Atese results to
any marked extent.
The-indreated-faMber of reported symptoms in_Aheir subjeett, as'
well as their-feat-IV-61y greater speoifinity, may egain-re-MCI
their perceptUal dominance and associated: splci_Mity,_as
compsred-to the ideetionally dominant, mdre-abStreW"I" group.
-------------
6. No-significantresults or marked trends vore-oblained-with-re-
garthe remaining symptom groupings, tHowever, a more
theoryoriented �iisI1Tication of these Symptoms -it thought to
birwarth7atteMpling. A
The Pilot with Subgroups-(N * 14),
A._ Procedures
ii_subgroupiwan-seiedled out of-the whole sample,,dondisting of all sub;-
jecta-with7low scores on Picture Completion subted-t-Of-Udiffedhiler
Stale. klaw PC score wes-dSfined as ;3 or morelin�relation to the in-
diVidual's-normal-level. .F6V1teen of the 46 subjeots met thit-CrittriOn.-
This subgxoup-was-dhoten hadeVe4-of the theoreti4al distinction made in
the_meanin of a low TO score in a predominantly nand a predomInently
"indtvidualThiitically. such a score In thelfomer suggests with- �7 �
drawl). in_the-direttibn-of-aVitism. On the other, hand, inithe latt
indicates withdrawal chiefly through identification. It was therefore
thought-thatilkis distiiItion might be reflected in symptom choice.
CTS-16, Pg. 9
B, Treatment of the Data and Results
Seven of the 147slow POJ subjects Serb found to be_in_Ahe "Is
category-and-7-in the group, as determined by the first
formula. Six in mach group were compensated, and 1 was-un-
compensated.. The groups were oloselr matched-in-terms of sox dis-
triCUtion, chronological age, and normal leVel:Ass-lell-ss-tift---
verbalperforMance, and full-scale IQ, ani range end mean PC
scores.'
The following results were obtained:
� 1.: None of the 7-"E" subjects suffered frOmiheadaohee,_end A
all of the 7 "I" subJeCti-SV:Sterid-from7severe-haadaches.w
(Nolev_None_of:_these were migraines, the latter being
abWritAnAhe conversion group. This isArcline with
theonetimalletpeotatiens, since migraines constitute a
different symptom in terms of the indiViduWadynemio
structure).
It is_lhau t that these results are strongly supportive of
theoretical views, in that headachelitibul4-be-More
apt to occur in the ideationally-dominant TitaiViduals. Further
in:mcst_cases the "I" subjeels reported-hetdaChes of a more or
leasgeneralized-talura, suggesting the characteristic leok7OT
specifidity in such7Andividuals.
2r. 0-fine:headache sufferers, 3 reported nciaddltional symptoms. _
These were "iruff-indiViduals according to the third formula, -
and were elSe-Iel_aOrssS.the three formrlst. The remaining
"I" subjects indliided-2-sird"indi-Viduals l'seru,s�lind 1_
"ifu. Thus, all p.UIem coroluded asiAinacceptabli" on
. the-IA-At continuum, while 6 were originally "acceptable.s
It2mey-well be that the efforts at adjustment made by-these
subjects was tither complicated by their unecceptebility,
vhioh would theoretically reflect increased-difficultiet-in-the
indiVidual's social reletionshipS,th4i-iniressing-the need for
compensation.
In_view of the ap rent distinction inconne-ction with
headaches, the remainder of t e conversion-subjects (not
characterized by low PC scores) was surveyed for the
cocurrence-of-this-sYmptom. Nine suchaubjeete were found-,
411.n_the_i'T" group and-S-solearly__;nonsignifica-di-
7
Each group included 6 females and 114--The agarangorfor_thei_group was
from 17 to 447yetts-mean 33.86, while that of the E grcup7wasi;Oio-49, mean
3616. No significant differences were f641-id between tbe_age ranges. Norms],
livels_for_the Ilsirbjeett ranged:frbil-8 to 12-, mean 10.14, and for 0471 group
from:9_10_13, metn10-83, with-hihitUrliii-differences-obtaintd between them
Nonsignificant -differences were also obtained between their:fullscale,_verbalk
andipetforOadds'IQs. In both, PO scores Werc-3-te -7, moans -5;00-A -4;63-(NS)-
ec.001 by Fishers_exaoi-test.
9--k4; .016 by the binomial test.
difference.
This finding tends to support the rationaleifOr-tendueting further
study of "low PC" individuals with additioltal-SUbjet-tt;�-rather than
considering the division in terms of "1" and "E" components alone.
4,7, In -the "E" group, a trend toward symptoms7centering_primerily
idlthe_area_of_the legs and feet was noted. This was observed
in_6_of the's" subjects, as opposed to 21i-tithe 7 "I" in-
dividuals, There_was_also_a predominancivof-ealking diffi-
culties_among the "E" subjects.
Since 6f in_the "E" ceAtgory were compensated, it nay be
the_t_thtir_mo_tor_difficulties_reflect_the_later_doVelOPMentof an
component, mitigating against a primarilfonVironmentally
dominated orientation.
5._;On_the_AALoontinuum, in contrast to theIgioup, ell of the
"E"Ltubje:ts began 43 "acceptable" accOrding_to_tht=firs
formula,10 shifted to the "unacceptable" according to the
seacm411 and were_about_equally divided_im_thls respect on the
third.
These findings suggest that the A-U continuum may be relevant to
symptot-choice, perhaps operating differentially with basically
different types of personality configurations,
�
6._On_the__FALcontinuum_, both groups were approximately evaly �
divide_d_beAween_F" and_1V_ctmponents at-cording to the first --
andlSecomd_formulae, However, accordingito_the_tkird,Lof
tht17_n" subjects concluded asJlt"_indiVidU414, while the!"
group remained about evenly divided between -"8" and "F." � ,
-
ThltArendT_Aoward_increate4_rigidity on the part of "Il_subjeots
with7lom_PC_scores would have considerable__Aheorelloal_importance.
ifitubstantiated_by further investigation, i Itlilso_constitutes_a
fnkther_indlcation that the three_batio_continua_andilIiiir_Anter-._
relationships must all be _taken into oontideratied_in_evalutting .
personality functioning, a point of view which the theory stresses._
7.__When_tha_subsroups were combined into a'single-"low_P0". group,
(N 14), a significantly greater humberof".!compentated" as
OFPOSed to 'uncompensated" subjects wert4ound-(when compered
to the possibility of an equal division)94 The relevance of
this finding to the theory has already bien_comMented on under
results obtainedLfor_the_whole_sample. r
8�Significant bstavioral_differenoes_apari_frOditteptoms ware
. also_obtained_ln_comparing the two "lowilla"--groups. Among the
�
subjeots 5 of the wet raoterittd:WPeriods of
abrupt disruption of control with_ouibreakaTo/ irrational
emational_display,-while none of the "El subjects demonstrated
thia_behavior.13
�
These results, which ware_based_on_tht_psychological and psychiatric
records_of_the_subjects�strongly suggest that:further investigation
with'alarger sample might serve to support thetheoryLin terms of
differtrItial_oso_tICL4 reactions. It would_bovanticipated that the
interrelations_among.the continua would be highly pertinent in this
connection.
10 2 < .016 by-the_binomial_test.
< .016 by th*_binomial_test._
12 2< .01. by ithe_hinomial_test.
13 2� .025 blv-riShees_exact_test.
018-16, Pg. 11
.-1
�
. .1�21ar of the Pilot_StUdy-
Some statistically significant results as well as a number _of trends, in accord
with theoretical expectations, were 1W-Incl in a pilot study based on 46 con- -,.
.version subjects. The_findings were Feist-ad-to t fhthree_-_major personalit
dimensions of theory, (i.e., the I-E, F.R�,and A-U continua).- 8ig� ,
b, 14' hificant differencesin-behsvior, as well as in symptoccholoe, were-alsinoted. � -
I') The conversion grouppears-to be well suVt4d to a more_extensive investigation
of the theory, sinoiCsympt6oY--chO ce presumably refleots-basio aspects of-the -in- �
dividual's dynamio-struoture. The preliminary work Ms suggested a number o
hypotheses which_terriint further testing with a larger, sample.
2. Saunders, D. R, 0�1 the dimensionality of the 71515 battery for two groups of
noroal_males. PsycMol,. fle� 1959, 5, 5.2541. _
3. Saunders,
D. R, A Factor analysis of-the PiT)ture PiTmTpletion items of -the -1
CIAIS. 01 1960, 16, 144449.
4. Saunders, Dc_R. A Computer program tO-find the beaVdilting orthogonal
f�estorr_ for a given hypothesis. � f'sychome_triW,T19-60, 25. 199=205�'
5. Saunders D R-Fuither implications ofAtNildy-Cantles_c_orr_alations between
gE