UNTITLED (IG SURVEY OF TSD 1957) (PAGES 187-206 ONLY) (PUBD IS UNKNOW N)

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 00017755
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: September 25, 2024
• Document Release Date: December 13, 1976
• Publication Date: January 1, 1957

e. In the course. ofeapproving the original TSS research and.
development program, the Project Review Come.i.tteJ MthoCI estab
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listed procedizee and controla_under_which TSS vaseauthorized to handle
Certain extremely sensitive research and development_mmgrarea. These
procedures -exempt TSS research and development expenditures-in.fields
of influencing httee.n behavior and
normal procurement practices and controls. Such expenditures are made
under the project desipation IMILTRA and are authorized in amounts
not to exceed tventy per cent of the annual research budget. Expencli-
tures onlii
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Nxpeaditures during
� the same period by the Cheenistry Division on the influencing of inv..=
behavior to
fteitiiiJITRAlis, in effect, no more than &Deeding procedure for .
these sensitiVe_areaslofeactivity. One specially cleared auditor from
the ComptrollerOffice cheeks the accountseunderethis project on a:
yearly basis,Careftel, records are maintained and thire is no indication
^ that fund.teXpended under MX:ULTRA. have been in any way improperly handled.
The Inspector General sees no reason Irby this funding procedure should. _
Dot be continued under present controls and. administration.
g. In addition to the major reliance placed. by TSS upon
� civilian contractors, it also relies heavily upon the verious_research
and developtent and technical agencies of the military department3 and
upon othereOovernment_facilities such as the! i
� In the three laical Years 1.9544956, TS3 transferred fund totaling
to other Government agencies in support of specific research
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T. ItiflueOci I,Tv.r.an Behavior
a. Intlueneing but= betitvior is a 11104 complex subjeet wad
very difficult to deceribe and evaluato in ter= of eeeetipliatualt,
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cost, and potential benefit to clandestine o.'perattions., The whole
field includes medical, physiological and psychologicai aspects ana.
while there has been much speculation on the subject very little of
a positive nature is known about the extent to which h=tan behavior can
be predicted, directed and controlled. Chemical Division bas launchei
a program_havirig scale specific goals in view and lias now reached. a_point
in progresswhere_a_rariew_of the program shoal be made to_detexane
if the effertishould_be continued and what course_iti-should_take._.
be_Because of the scarcity of positive-koowledge, much time
and money--is_being spent on fairly basic research_and�extensive_testing
and experimentattion._This type of activity cannot be measured in terms
of concrete_results_nor can dollar values be applied. It requires an
appraisal of the objectives of the program from the point of view of the
operational_benefi_tto be derived, weighed. again.st the allocation of
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MD manpower and funds.
c. In considering the objectives, it is helpful to examine the
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operational problems the .prograza is designed to meet. One of the major-
problems .13Abat_of_lreproved interrogation techniques. jiany different
methods are used to break dom en indiVidual's resistance to interrogation
.t. .
but there isalways_doubt about the accuracy and. reliability of informa-
tion obtained by_the_classical methods of pressure," duress or torture.
The use of drugs or psychozherecals in this respect is not mew. So-called
"tnith ser=e" have been Used, soaetimes successfully but more often not.
The approach being taken by 4.Themical. Division is to use psychochemicals
to.cronte within the individual a mental. and emoticnal situation_which
will release him from the restraint of self-control and'induee him to
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reveal informatien Willingly under adroit manipulation..
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as Related, to the iriprovement of offemive interrogation .
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techniques it the development 'of defensive measures_against opposition
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interrogations, Xhowleage gainea in the frier 4U1 to. counter-
measures for the protection of Agency personnel an infonration con-
cerning Agency activities. This is another objective of the program.
e. Tile potential. use of psychoehemicals in politica action
operations is well recognized, althotkgh it has not1Deen explored as
thoroue)11:/ as might be expected. Chemical Division inelridit as an
objective of its propara to be prepared to support or make-such opera-
tions possible.. llon-ehemical mathoas of accompling political action
operations Are also-inclUded-in the pre-eln.
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f, Lesser obXetives but perhapt of_equal_
;and_practical ai3 to case officers in hAnAling agents. In total,
the 'objectives are considered to be sound. Certainly, research leading
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to a better understanding of the itorkings of the hu.man mind. is en essen-
tial element of_intelligenc'e and anything that contributes to the predic-
tionof human behavior or makes possible its_direction or control is of
inestimsble value..
8. Some conerete results have be SlictPecifie
productt_have been developed end are availabletor operational use. Three
of then* � PpCj, euld. C9, are discrediting an& difTabling materials which
CM be adrxinitteYed-i�ur,rittingly and permit the exercise ofszt measure of
control. Over the actions of the subject.. These have been usedin sit
difforent_operatione on a total of 33 subjects. The Other products are
IC2� a knockout material used to facilitate WI conseiousavzs; IC
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alcohol extender which produces a degree of inebriation out of prokortion
to the elsount of alcohol corasimed and; A2, which_is_a stWant-Slinilza-
to Benzedrine in its effeet but without its undesirable after-effects.
A manual has been proluced which analyzes methpds_used by Cormluaist -
security = forces in the arrest, interrogation and. indoctrination of
*enemies-of .the state." Two other manuals of lesser distinCtion have
been published. One describes methods of adanister.ing 4rpgs or chemical
*materials -surreptitiously end misdireeting attentiork of a subj&e. The,.
� - other is-devoted to/
and' methods of influe..
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free choice. Other studies are still in process which, it is anticipated,
Vill produce more profound knowledge on the subject of influencing human
behavior. 2
11 _At the present time, there are a substantial number of active
projeets_concerned with substtive research in_the Vehavioral-field.
Since many of them include other activities, it_is_not_practical to try .
to segregate those contracts which have direct a'opliaticirk or to apportion
those with saltiple objettives. The total extent of the effit, however,
can be fairly accurately described.
1._Extensive research it-being cooducted_by two organizations
which the Agency has subetantial interests. One is the I
a research foundation with hcadquarterth iu liachtligton. it-is supported
in part by the Agency and is used principally as a-funding michszien to
finance research projects. In addition to its use as a cover facility&
it prdvides_uscful inforation inILseYerOl areas of medical research and
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permits the inclusion of areas of special interest in research
sponsored byl
to t
'Lion is the
The medical meMber_of CD StaifAl_tcaedited.
The other organize.-
:;* This is wholly 13 upDorted by:the Agency as a
cover fecility,___The Society has two flan-time employees_anda_high-level.
� Board of Directors_Who_dstensibly provide funds for:research:inithe lesser
known ecologiCal aspects of humanity. As a cover facility, it is more
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effective and less_costly:than thel
3. Substantive_research_in_th_e behavioral field is being conducted.
under contract at sever� al universities throughouVtbe_eountry. The
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. University of/ is exploring the effeets on_hmanAissue of
Iysergic acidiAhe primeipal ingredient-of:Pi. /
varsity is working on knockout materials while!
Unt-
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University
is searching for antidotes for similar materials. At 'University/
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researchers are:seeking-an-antagonist for ethyl alcohol. to provide a
defense against intodeatiOn._At_the_UniversityT,.:! i� � ,) one of the .
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Country's foremost.authorities_on_hypnotism is examining the -validity of
thebypnotWstate7and measuring the effect of hypnosis on the human mind.
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-Ai project atl :University'is concerned with research in neurology- -
to determineAhe effect of emotional stress_and_the-resulting structural . _J
damage to the bkaincor other_tiseue_of_the hman body.
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k. A major problem in the behavioral. proe;ram is that of arranging
for and conducting the essential tests end experimentation which produce
the basic date, for the development of teehniqueo end the application of
the end product to operational_use._Ttds is a_tine-consuming ema. costly
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process but-one witch must be accomplished care d thoroughly.
There exe no short-cuts or substitutes which can be applied._Hecause of
the unconventional use_of_the materiels involved, CD has had added
difficulty in-obtaining expert services and facilities to_conduct_teatq
and experiments. Some_of_the activities are considered to-be professionktly
unethical and in_some instances_border_on the illegal. These difficulties
have not been _entirely surmounted but .good. progress is_being Made. Another
problem is raised by the lack of professional knovfedge ofA-Vsergic sold,
the baste substance with vhich_CD_is_concerned. Very little research
has been done by the medical profession pivi CD is bres.king rev ground.
in its efforts_to_develop this material for operatiosl -uses
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1. Preliminary tests and experiments are_generally conducted
finire-18. Por_this_puryose, CD has engaged the-services and facilities
of such 'institutions as the_
; Tha_Nationa.1. Institute of Men.talllealth conducts tests on its
ape colony to study the effects of P1 and .-. iockout_material. and. has provided.
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much information of operational value. Human werinentation is more
difficult to accomylish._The best results have been_obtained from mental
institutions_such as
I Narcotics Addiction Hospital, Lexinaton, Ky.� and!
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'An arranganent is in process_vith the
which is expected
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to produce valuable resulte.E�the data E,athercd fron these
Institutions there remains a_considerable area of_douliti These tests
and e)(perimcnts arc conducted_under_cor.trolled. Conditions cm. the-results -
may be quite different from those obtaiLed in the operational .use of the
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be considerext as experimental as veil. Ruch rore testing rust be con-
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ducted before the behavioral program can be considered -40 have socaeplishol
its objectives
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no -I ostflveyears since 'Fiscal p52Fthe programhas cost
a roxiretel/
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This inclUdes funds: to_support the i
eand part of the cost of supiorting
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inclUdes parA Of_a grant. to I
' to aiik in the construction. of a. ving devoted to mental LUnesses.
Concrete results achieved thus far are difficult_to justify in relatiort
to cost1 lb price can be attchea to the intangible value of the
extenaive contracts establithed vith outstanding members of the medical
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and other scientific professions._ At this point ipt:time it is frpossible
to assess accuratel,y the potential of the program or_to_estimate the
value of the anticipated results. It is believed, however, that the
� program should be_continued_vith the adjuration that it be conducted
as economically as possible.