Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 "Ter164444. AR 70-14 APPROVED FOR RELEASE CIA HISTORICAL RELEASE PROGRAM ,JUNE 2017 Lento inteingence Agency LLIG ifT Wa4 ington. O. C. 20505 MEMORANDUM FOR: The Director of Central Intelligence SUBJECT : COMBAT REGULATIONS OF THE SOVIET NAVY: The Defense of Basing Areas and Sea Lines of Communication and the Basing and Rebasing (Redeployment) of Large Units and Units 30 April 1987 1. The enclosed Intelligence Information Special Report is a translation of part of a 12-chapter book on Soviet Navy combat regulations, classified SECRET and published by the USSR Ministry of Defense in 1983. This eighth report in the series covers the actions taken by the Soviet Navy to defend naval basing areas, sea lines of communication, and convoys against a perceived mine, submarine, or small-combatant threat. It also describes the system of basing, rebasing, and redeployment of Soviet naval forces and defines naval basing terms. 2. Because the source of this report is extremely sensitive, this document should be handled on a strict n -to-know is within recipient agencies. r . orge Deputy Director for Operations TS #878258 Copy # iN1) Page 1 of 33 Pages TO RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 "Ttrrn Distribution: The Director of Central Intelligence The Director of Intelligence and Research Department of State The Joint Chiefs of Staff The Director, Defense Intelligence Agency The Assistant to the Chief of Staff for Intelligence Department of the Army Director of Naval Intelligence Department of the Navy The Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence U. S. Air Force Director, National Security Agency Deputy Director of Central Intelligence Deputy Director for Intelligence Director of Soviet Analysis Director of Scientific and Weapons Research Page 2 of 33 Pages 1-21P4Egtz Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 TS 1878258 Copy i COUNTRY USSR DATE OF INFO. 1983 SOURCE Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Intelligence Information Special Report SUBJECT Page 3 of 33 Pages DATE 30 April 1987 Combat Regulations of the Soviet Navy: Chapters 10 and 11, Combat Actions to Defend 13at1ag..Ar_w_i_nd Sea Lines of Comizadcatico and he Basing and Rebasing (Redeployment) fIrge and Units Documentary Summary: The following report is a translation from Russian of Chapters 10 and 11 of the SECRET 1983 edition of the USSR Ministry of Defense's combat regulations for the Soviet Navy. Chapter 10 describes the actions taken by the Soviet Navy operating alone or in cooperation with other branches of the Armed Forces to defend naval basing areas and sea lines of communication (SLOCs). Bases are protected by setting up defenses against enemy submarines, mines, small combatants, and combat-swimmer forces using naval warships and, if the situation warrants it, using units from the Ground Forces and Air Defense Forces. Attention is also give4 to the methods used to protect Soviet submarines, ships, and auxiliaries as they exit from or enter basing areas and how to provide those areas maximum protection against nuclear weapons before, during, and after an enemy nuclear attack. The section on SLOC defense deals primarily with the screening and protection of convoys against enemy submarines, mines, and small- combatants. Chapter 11 briefly describes the system and purpose of basing, rebasing, and redeployment of Soviet naval forces and defines such terms as main basing points, dispersal basing points, maneuver basing points, supply points, anchorages, and dispersed ship-repair points. RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 End of Summary TS #878258 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 TO-P510FIEL. PAGE 3 (CONTINUATION) Page 3a of 33 Pages 30 April 1987 Translator's comments appearing in the text of this report are enclosed in brackets. TS #878258 Copy # TO ET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Page 4 of 33 Pages USSR MINISTRY OF DEFENSE Copy No. COMBAT REGULATIONS OF THE NAVY FOR DIVISION, BRIGADE, REGIMENT, AND SHIP Put Into Effect on 26 January 1983 as Per Order No. 039 of the USSR Minister of Defense MOSCOW MILITARY PUBLISHING HOUSE 1983 TS #878258 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 "SPOILL TABLE OF CONTENTS* Page 5 of 33 Pages CHAPTER 1: THE NAVY AND THE FUNDAMENTALS OF ITS COMBAT EMPLOYMENT IN OPERATIONS The Nature of Modern Wars and the Navy's Mission The Combat Employment of the Forces of the Navy and the Fundamentals of Naval Combat Combat Service CHAPTER 2: CONTROL OF FORCES General Provisions Control Posts The Organization of the Monitoring of the Situation The Organization of Communications The Employment of Automated Control Systems The Fundamentals of Command and Staff Work in the Control of Forces CHAPTER 3: POLITICAL WORK CHAPTER 4: THE COMBAT ACTIVITY OF THE DIVISION, BRIGADE, AND REGIMENT Submarine Division (Brigade) Surface Ship Division (Brigade) Naval Aviation Division (Regiment) Naval Infantry Division (Regiment) Coastal Missile-Artillery Troop Division (Brigade, Regiment) CHAPTER 5: THE COMBAT ACTIVITY OF THE SHIP The Preparation of the Ship for Combat Actions The Ship's Levels of Combat Readiness The Ship in Sea Transit The Organization of the Defense and Protection of the Ship The Ship in Battle CHAPTER 6: COMBAT ACTIONS TO HIT ENEMY LAND TARGETS AND TROOPS CHAPTER 7: COMBAT ACTIONS TO DESTROY ENEMY SUBMARINES Comment: Although Chapters 1-9 and Chapter 12 are not included in this report, their titles and subsection titles have been provided for in purposes. TS #878258 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 TO Page 6 of 33 Pages CHAPTER 8: COMBAT ACTIONS TO DESTROY ENEMY SURFACE SHIPS CHAPTER 9: JOINT COMBAT ACTIONS OF NAVAL LARGE UNITS AND THE LARGE UNITS AND UNITS FROM OTHER BRANCHES OF THE ARMED FORCES Combat Actions to Land Amphibious Landing Forces The Cooperation of Troops Attacking along Coastal Axes The Cooperation of Troops Defending Coastal Axes CHAPTER 10: COMBAT ACTIONS TO DEFEND BASING AREAS AND SEA LINES OF COMMUNICATION 7 The Defense of Basing Areas 8 The Defense of Sea Lines of Communication 19 The Fundamentals of Convoy Service 22 CHAPTER 11: THE BASING AND REBASING (REDEPLOYMENT) OF LARGE UNITS AND UNITS 28 Basing 28 Rebasing (Redeployment) 31 CHAPTER 12: THE SUPPORT OF COMBAT ACTIONS Combat Support Special Technical Support Rear Services Support TS #878258 Copy I .744dPIKILLT Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 7CP?srfall. Page 7 of 33 Pages CHAPTER 10: COMBAT ACTIONS TO DEFEND BASING AREAS AND SEA LINES OF COMMUNICATION 485. Combat actions to defend basing areas and sea lines of communication [SLOCs] are conducted by large units and units of all types of forces of the Navy in operations (combat actions) of a fleet or mixed force flotilla (squadron)* independently or in cooperation with large units and units of other branches of the Armed Forces. 486. In order to defend basing areas and SLOCs, in a flee (flotilla) operation the following groupings are formed: gouping ?rwrces to destroy enemy naval forces and cover fleet basing points from strikes by them; a grauning...algrogia to directly defend and protect fleet forces and installations from enemy strikes from land; a g ou ? . .o. s; a grou in to deliver r gainst enemy forces opposing sea transportation; a grnuping of forces for the direct screening of convoys (auxiliaries) at loading, unloading, and forming-up points and during sea transit; and,a grouping nf reserve forces. Based on the decision of the fleet (flotilla) commander in chief, groupings of forces are formed from the complement of mixed fprce flotillas or naval bases (large units of offshore defense ships), large units, and units and also ships not included in a mixed force flotilla or a naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships). Based on the decision of the front troop commander, groupings are also formed from s ci 11 -detailed motorized rif e nk - .nd forti ied'areas_. And sometimes groupings are formed from naval infantry units. A grouping of air defense troops and forces includes forces and means used to provide direct cover to basing areas and SLOCs. 487. The commander in chief of a mixed force flotilla is responsible for defending and protecting basing areas and SLOCs against weapons of mass destruction in his operational zone, and the commander of a naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships) is responsible for it in his zone (area) of responsibility. 488. In order to conduct combat actions to defend basing areas and SLOCs, a zone (area) of responsibility is assigned to a naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships). It includes a sea theater sector with the following * Henceforth a mixed force flotilla (squadron) will be called a mixed force flotilla. 7010,56 IcitLr Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 TS #878258 Copy 0 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 T _ Page 8 of 33 Pages located within its limits: ship (auxiliary) basing points, coastal installations, and SLOC sectors with loading and unloading points. The dimensions of the zone (area) of responsibility and its boundaries are set by the staff of a fleet (mixed force flotilla) in accordance with the situation in the operational zone of the fleet (mixed force flotilla) and the availability and capabilities of the forces and means in the complement of the naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships), taking into account the prevention of enemy strikes against basing areas and SLOCs. 489. Preparation for the defense of basing areas and SLOCs is done in peacetime. The main measures taken to prepare for combat actions are: making the decision; assigning tasks to large units, ships, and units; planning combat actions; organizing cooperation; preparing the command, the staffs, and the forces for the performance of their assigned tasks; completing final preparation of combat action areas; organizing all types of support; organizing control; and monitoring the readiness of forces for combat actions. The planning of combat actions is carried out according to tasks. In the planning process the following are developed: the plan for the defense of basing areas and SLOCs; the air defense plan; the plans for the main types of combat support, vp_eial technical support, and rear services support; the plans for the organization of control and communications; the plan for cooperation; and other documents. 490. The cooperation and control of forces participating in combat actions to defend basing areas and SLOCs are organized and carried out by the commander in chief of a mixed force flotilla in his operational zone and by the commander of a naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships) in his zone (area) of responsibility. The Defense of Basing Areas 491. The defense of basing areas is carried out in order to hold them and prevent strikes against them from the sea, air, and land; to protect the fleet forces and installations located in them; to create favorable conditions for restoring the combat capability of forces and preparing then for combat actions; and to support a stable operating regime in the coastal areas of a theater of military operations. It includes: destroying enemy forces operating against fleet forces and installations in basing areas; covering fleet forces and their basing points from strikes from seaward and from the air; providing antisubmarine, mine-countermeasure, anti-small-combatant, and counter-swimmer defense (or support); protecting fleet basing installations from weapons of mass destruction; and also defending [basing areas] from land. TS #878258 Copy # TbP?04.11..E...".T Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 TOP`9EGILEL Page 9 of 33 Pages 492. Combat actions to destroy diverse enemy forces operating against our forces and installations in the basing area and to cover then from strikes from seaward and from the air are organized, as a rules_ by the commander of a naval base (large unit of offshore &Tense ships) in his zone (area) of responsibility -611-tfie basis of [the following] zones. A far zone is established to detect the enemy, warn our own forces, and disrupt (hinder) the strikes organized by the enemy against basing areas (points). An intermediate zone is established to destroy surface ships, small combatants, and submarines attacking our ships and auxiliaries in basing areas, on the approaches to them, and in transit through coastal fairways [pribrezhnyye farvatery] and to destroy submarines and midget submarines carrying mines and combat swimmer forces and means. A near zone is established to destroy surface ships, small combatants, submarines, missiles, smart bombs [upravlyayemyye bomby], mines, and combat swimmer forces and means. Large units (groups) of ships at basing points organize self defense within the near zone. 493. The air defense of large units, ships, and installations in basing areas and the coastal zone is organized and carried out by the forces and means of the coastal military district (front), the forces and means of a formation [ob"yedineniye] (or large unit) ofthe Air Defense Forces, and by fleet air defense forces. The disposition of the air defense system must allow for combining the area air defense of [basing] areas with point air defense of large units (groups), units, and ships operating in these [basing] areas. The:_eaat _air defense is cscled-out-bit-figlater_miation forces controlled from coastal command eats (:u e posts), fr_pm_AggbacijmnIWILIN11..guidanne-p0Sts for fighter aviation and from riU4i-Surveillance aircraft [samolety radiolokatsionnogo ora and by long-range surface-to-air missile complexes. 494. The air defense of fleet coastal units is carried out by surface-to- air missile large units, by front air defense units and fighter aviation of the Air Forces and by the Air Defense Forces. In order to increase coverage against air strikes, the surface-to-air missile and antiaircraft artillery subunits of these units are used. 495. The commander of a naval base (or of a large unit of offshore defense ships) organizes the following: timely dispersal of ships (auxiliaries) and materiel; observation of the situation in the air using coastal and shipboard TS #878258 Copy # T CRET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 1.."75P5r1C&EL.' Page 10 of 33 Pages radiotechnical means; cover and deception; the reinforcement of large units of front air defense troops and the Air Defense Forces with shipboard fire weapons and the deployment of radar picket ships; cooperation when using the antiaircraft means of ships included in the overall air defense system; and the watch duties of the air defense forces and means of subordinate large units (units) in accordance with the orders of the fleet (flotilla) commander in chief. 496. The commander of a large unit (group) of ships anchored in a basing area organizes air defense using the ships' air defense means. Accordingly, he Is obliged to do the following: establish communications with the senior surface-to-air missile officer; clarify matters concerning the organization of air defense; assign each ship a sector of observation and fire; organize control of air defense means; and specify the readiness level of shipboard air defense means and the procedures for their combat duty (boyevoye dezhurstvo). 497. The commander of a large unit (group) is responsible for maintaining the constant readiness of the large unit's (group's) shipboard air defense means; warning all ships of the large unit (group) about the air enemy; making a timely decision on the use of shipboard air defense means and controlling them when repelling an air attack independently or in cooperation with the surface- to-air missile troops and fighter aviation of the front Air Forces and the Air Defense Forces; and detailing ships (auxiliaries) from within the large unit (group) to assist the crews of fighter aircraft who have made a forced landing or have ejected in the area of the large unit (group) of ships. 498. Observation of the situation in the air is done by large units of front air defense troops and the Air Defense Forces, by radar picket ships, and by the technical and visual means of the large unit (group) of ships. The depth of the radar field of the large unit must correspond to the prescribed readiness of its fire weapons, preclude the possibility of a surprise attack from the air from low or extremely low altitudes, and ensure the timely employment of shipboard air defense means. 499. Cooperation between surface-to-air missile troops, fighter aviation, and the air defense fire weapons of ships when anchored at basing points or roadsteads is organized by the commander of a large unit of the front air defense troops or the Air Defense Forces. 500. The surface-to-air means of ships included in the overall air defense system are centrally controlled by the senior surface-to-air missile officer through the command posts of large-unit commanders or, when ships are berthed separately, through ship commanders. TS 1878258 Copy it "ThP4.6 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 TftseTPSECtEZ Page 11 of 33 Pages The surface-to-air means of ships not included in the overall air defense system are controlled from the command posts of the commanders of large units (groups) of ships. 501. Antisubmarine defense (support) in a zone (area) of responsibility is organized to ensure that forces in bases and at sea are safe from strikes by enemy submarines. (Four pages of the original document were not received.] (?] in the [sea] transit of our own forces, the landing of amphibious landing forces, the assault crossing of mine threat areas with our own forces, and in other instances of support for combat actions; and also when acquiring information or detecting any signs that the enemy has employed mine weaponry in the combat action areas of our own forces. 512. In order to ensure the safety of navigation of ships and auxiliaries, not less than two systems of fairways are set up. One fairway system is the operating system and the others (sic] are alternates. The operating and alternate fairway systems are linked by connecting fairways (perekhodnyye farvatery). 513. When there is not enough time to reconnoiter for mines, and also when there are not enough minesweepers to search for mines, the exit (entry) of ships and auxiliaries from (to) basing points is ensured by guiding them behind sweeps. 514. Minefields are destroyed as quickly as possible in those eases where they present a real threat to the navigation and combat activity of ships and auxiliaries. In order to support emergency exits of ships and auxiliaries from basing points when there is not enough time or the necessary number of minesweepers, minefields are destroyed or disarmed by underwater explosions of line charges (shnurovyye zaryady], depth charges, and aerial bombs. In this case the appropriate measures must be taken to reduce the probability of damage to ships and auxiliaries by the mines which remain after underwater explosions are carried out. TS #878258 Copy I CRET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 ? ? Page 12 of 33 Pages 515. Anti-small-combatant defense (anti-small-combatant support) in a zone (area) of responsibility is organized to ensure that ship forces and coastal installations are safe from missile, torpedo, and gunnery strikes from enemy small combatants and to prevent the laying of minefields and the landing of reconnaissance-sabotage groups. 516. The basis of anti-small-combatant defense consists of reconnaissance of enemy surface forces, combat actions by maneuver forces to search for and destroy enemy small combatants, and actions to support the exit (return) of large units (groups) of ships (auxiliaries) from (to) basing points. 517. Reconnaissance of enemy surface forces is carried out by radio and radiotechnical reconnaissance forces and means, by airborne and ship patrols, and by radiotechnical and visual observation. 516. Combat actions to search for and destroy enemy small combatants include: destroying enemy small combatants on call on the basis of intelligence data; and searching for and destroying small combatants on threat axes where reliable intelligence on enemy surface forces is not ensured. 519. Support against attacks by enemy small combatants when large units of surface ships are exiting (entering) [basing areas] includes: coverage of surface ships on threat axes from attacks by enemy small combatants; support from screening forces [sily okhraneniyal when repelling attacks by small combatants; and reinforcement of protection on transit route sectors where there is a threat of attacks by small combatants. 520. Surface ships, small combatants, coastal missile-artillery troop units, and ship- and land-based attack [shturmovaya] aviation are used to destroy enemy small combatants. Fire-support helicopters may also be used to perform this task. Radioelectronic warfare means and cover-and-deception means are employed to reduce the effectiveness of strikes by enemy small combatants. 521. The disposition of the anti-small-combatant defense must provide for hitting detected enemy small combatants throughout the depth of the zone (area) of responsibility. When there is a limited complement of forces and means, point defense of the basing points and anchorages of ships is organized. In this ease the destruction of enemy small combatants in the remaining portion of the zone (area) of responsibility is carried out in the course of systematic combat actions. TS #878258 Copy I Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 "rerP`414,642... Page 13 of 33 Pages 522. A counter-swimmer defense Eprotivopodvodno-diversionnaya &wrens] (counter-swimmer support) in a zone (area) of responsibility is organized to interdict the actions of enemy combat swimmer forces and means (podvodno- diversionnyye ally i sredstva] against ships (auxiliaries) and hydrotechnical and coastal installations at basing points and to disrupt reconnaissance conducted by them. 523. The basis of a counter-swimmer defense consists of the aggregate of measures with regard to searching for and destroying platforms, saboteurs, and their weapons and also consists of measures for hampering the actions of combat swimmers. The following forces are used to perform counter-swimmer defense tasks: special maneuver forces and stationary means for countering combat swimmers; self-defense means of ships, auxiliaries, and coastal installations; shipborne small craft, ASW helicopters, counter-swimmer forces and means detachments, coastal radiotechnical surveillance means, and security subunits (podrazdeleniya okhrany]. 524. A counter-swimmer defense is organized according to zones. The search for and destruction of submarines carrying combat-swimmer forces and means, midget submarines, and self-propelled underwater vehicles are carried out hulmjauant_:The depth _of_tile_zone_12_20-25 LnautIna11 miles from the entrance to the basing point, ' The search for and destruction of midget submarines, self-propelled underwater vehicles, and combat swimmers on propulsion units are carried out in theinutgliateb.p. depth of the zone ? ? - t:uticall miles from the entrance to the basing The search for and destruction of counter-swimmer forces and means which have penetrated into the basing point are carried out in the near zone. The depth of the zone includes the water area of the basing point. Attacks by combat-swimmer forces and means are repelled in the self-defense zone of ships. The depth of the zone is determined by the range of shipboard means of destruction. 525. In order to defend ships in basing points, a system of fire destruction must be stipulated which includes planned fire destruction and preventive depth-charging (or use of grenades). Planned fire destruction is carried out using the method of moving and stationary barrages. TS #878258 Copy # CRET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 "T"CP?414,11,L Page 14 of 33 Pages Preventive depth-charging (or use of grenades) is carried out in order to force combat-swimmer forces to surface or abort their mission. 526. The protection and defense of coastal installations from sabotage is carried out by security subunits in cooperation with units and subunits of border troops of other branches of the Armed Forces deployed on the coast. 527. In order to provide security against the mine weaponry of combat swimmers, periodic examinations of the submerged portion of ships' hulls, important hydrotechnical facilities, and the [sea] bottom at anchorages are carried out by shipborne frogmen and counter-swimmer forces and means detachments. 528. Before combat actions begin, ships (auxiliaries) anchored in foreign ports organize the following: surveillance duty (dozornaya sluzhba] on the upper deck along the perimeter of the ship, illumination of the water area around the ship, examination by frogmen of the submerged portion of the hull (with permission from the local authorities), and patrol duty [patrultnaya sluzhba] on the pier. 529. Protecdon against weapons of mass destruction is organized for basing areas to reduce as much as possible the effects of nuclear, chemical, and bacteriological (biological) weapons on large units, units, and ships operating in the zone (area) of responsibility, to retain their combat capability, and to ensure the stability of the basing system under such conditions. Protection is organized taking into account the possibility of widespread radiological contamination and extensive destruction of the stationary elements of the basing system. 530. Protection against weapons of mass destruction in the zone (area) of responsibility of a naval base (or large unit of offshore defense ships) includes the following: dispersing large units, units, and ships and periodically changing their anchorages (disposition), taking into account the protective and camouflage properties of the terrain; carrying out engineer preparation of the basing points of ships and the disposition areas of units; warning large units, units, and ships about the direct threat and initiation of enemy employment of weapons of mass destruction; carrying out anti-epidemic, sanitary-hygienic, and special preventive medical and veterinary measures; detecting the aftereffects of enemy employment of weapons of mass destruction and notifying large units, units, and ships about them; moving unharmed forces out of dangerous areas; and helping large units, units, and ships eliminate the aftereffects of the enemy's employment of weapons of mass destruction. TS #878258 Copy # TO RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Page 15 of 33 Pages 531. The timely dispersal, concealment, and camouflaging of forces and supplies of materiel must be a constant concern of the commander of a naval base (commander of a large unit of offshore defense ships). 532. The staff of the naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships) warns large units, units, and ships about the direct threat and initiation of enemy employment of weapons of mass destruction and also notifies them about the aftereffects of the enemy's employment of weapons of mass destruction. 533. In order to acquire data on the parameters of nuclear bursts in a zone (area) of responsibility, the fixing of nuclear bursts is organized and carried out by subunits of chemical protection units equipped with special means and by posts in the coastal observation system. 534. The timely detection of radiological, chemical, and bacteriological (biological) contamination is achieved by organizing radiological, chemical, and bacteriological (biological) observation by the forces and means of chemical protection units, by posts of radiotechnical units, by roadstead posts, and by units and ships located in the zone (area) of responsibility. The identification of damage, sinkings, fires, and the radiological, chemical, and bacteriological (biological) situation in the zone (area) of responsibility is carried out by subunits of the naval engineer, chemical, and medical services. 535. Assistance to damaged ships (auxiliaries) and rescue operations are provided by the forces and means of the rescue detachments of a naval base and the fleet search-and-rescue service. In order to assist coastal units and conduct rescue and emergency repair and recovery operations at centers of destruction, rear services units and subunits and coastal rescue detachments are used. They are formed in military construction detachments, training detachments, naval schools, and arsenals; at coastal and aviation-technical bases; and at depots, repair enterprises, and other installations in accordance with the list specified by the order of the commander of the naval base. In order to perform [rescue] operations which require skilled personnel and special equipment, coastal rescue detachments are reinforced by subunits of special troops and services of the naval base. If there are centers of massive medical casualties, special medical units and facilities are sent to the boundaries of those centers. 536. After the enemy has employed weapons of sass destruction, decisive steps are taken to restore the normal functioning of basing points as rapidly as TS #878258 Copy 16?: Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 TZTP?SipCSE:.L Page 16 of 33 Pages possible and to help ships (auxiliaries) and units restore their combat capability and eliminate the aftereffects of the enemy's employment of weapons of mass destruction. If a basing point sustains major damage and dangerous contamination, forces and means are rebased to other [basing] points, or additional basing points, supply points, and ship-repair points are established in new areas. 537. The naval base commander is responsible for warning and sheltering the civilian population in a timely manner and for evacuating it in accordance with the fleet plan. 538. Amtilanding defense and huld defense are carried out by large units of the Ground Forces in cooperation with large units and units of a flotilla (naval base). In certain cases, when the execution of ant ilanding defense tasks is assigned to a flotilla or naval base, they [are supported?] by large units and units of the Ground Forces. 539. When antilanding defense and land defense are organized, it is determined where the anticipated landing areas of enemy landing forces, reconnaissance-sabotage groups, and combat swimmers will be, surveillance of the sea approaches to these areas is organized, minefields and engineer obstacles are set up in landing threat sectors, and measures are developed to destroy landing ship detachments at sea and as they approach the shore. The commander of a large unit (unit) organizes the destruction of enemy reconnaissance-sabotage groups that have landed within the disposition area of the large unit (unit). 540. The protection and defense of coastal (land-based) installations are organized by the commanders of large units and units (subunits) in their basing points (disposition areas) for the given conditions of the situation, and the required forces and means are detailed by them for this. When necessary, upon the instructions of the commander of a large unit (unit), personnel from other garrison units may be called upon to perform guard duty. Based on the commander's decision, the staff of a large unit (unit), together with the staffs of support units, develops the plan for protection and defense of installations in the area of responsibility. 541. The protection and defense of coastal (land-based) installations (command posts, control posts, main basing points, dispersal basing points, TS 1878258 Copy # "T*01,16C.SEL Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 1.10"514,14F,L Page 17 of 33 Pages airfields, firing positions, arsenals, depots, and areas and points where equipment and other materiel are located) are organized to cover them from enemy air strikes and protect them against land attacks by the enemy (his reconnaissance-sabotage groups, penetrating units and subunits, and combat swimmers), and against airborne and amphibious landings. 542. Coverage of installations from enemy air strikes is implemented, as a rule, within the overall air defense system. In order to provide air defense for the most important installations, surface-to-air missile and antiaircraft artillery units (subunits) are detailed (formed) from the air defense forces of the fleet, the Ground Forces, and the Air Defense Forces, and in some cases from units (subunits) of fighter (fighter- bomber) aircraft. 543. Installations receive engineer preparation in the form of trenches, communication trenches, shelters, and obstacles using signalling systems and means. Units and subunits are made responsible for defense sectors, the procedure for actions and the conduct of fire are determined, and the signals for controlling battle are specified. 544. In order to successfully repel an enemy attack, continuous reconnaissance and surveillance are organized using observation posts, patrols, listening posts [rety], and sentries, including on motor vehicles (armored personnel carriers). When necesiary, air reconnaissance may be performed in support of land defense. Data on the enemy are immediately transmitted to the senior officer in charge. 545. The defense of dispersal basing points is organized within the overall defense system of the operational zone of a mixed force flotilla or in the zone (area) of responsibility of a naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships). When ships from one or several large units are anchored at one dispersal basing point, the commander of the basing point (large-unit commander or the senior officer at a roadstead) is responsible for organizing the defense. All commanders (captains) of ships (auxiliaries) anchored at a roadstead are subordinate to the senior officer at the roadstead. When necessary, the commander in chief of a mixed force flotilla or the commander of a naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships) details additional forces and means to reinforce individual aspects of the basing point's defense in accordance with instructions from the commander of the large unit (senior officer at the roadstead). TS 1878258 Copy if TO CRET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 70110?51.C.U& Page 18 of 33 Pages 546. The exit of large units and ships from basing points is supported by the forces of mixed force flotillas and naval bases (large units of offshore defense ships) and by large units and units of front air defense troops, front Air Forces, and the Air Defense Forces. The scope of measures to support an exit (entry) depends on the specific conditions of the situation, the type and quantity of ships and auxiliaries exiting (entering), and the availability of support forces and means. Support for the exit of large units from bases (basing points) is organized at the large-unit commander's request, which is submitted according to prescribed procedures in the fleet. When exiting from bases, the commanders of large units must take all possible measures to defend their ships with their own forces and means. 547. The most important condition that ensures that exiting (entering) ships and auxiliaries are safe from enemy attacks is concealment of their exit (entry). Ships and auxiliaries are not allowed to turn on their radars when exiting (entering) basing points, except in cases when this is necessary to ensure navigation safety or when repelling an enemy attack. 548. As a rule s 01$: ints while submerged. When the military-geographic conditions of the area do not permit a submerged exit, submarines exit on the surface [either] independently or with an escort. Submarines areg_exiting(enterin) bases in order to ensure that they are safe from attacksbyenei?inari7lii, aircraft, and surface ships and from mines. Surface ships and aircraft are called upon for escort service. The commander of a large unit of surface ships is designated as the escort commander. All forces making up the escort are subordinate to him. In order to organize cooperation with submarines and aviation, officer representatives from the large unit of escorted submarines and (escorting) aviation must be located on the escort commander's ship. TS 1878258 Copy I RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 1"1510Sfir.41: Page 19 of 33 Pages The Defense of Sea Lines of Communication 549. The defense of sea lines of communication (SLOCs) is carried out in order to ensure the sea transit of troops, armaments, and materiel in support of the fleet, the maritime fronts, and also the national economy. It consists of destroying enemy forces which are a threat to sea transportation; covering and defending from sea and air strikes loading and unloading points, convoys and single transports (auxiliaries) in sea transit, and the basing points of forces defending SLOCs; creating conditions which ensure the mine and navigation safety of our transports (auxiliaries) and ships and creating conditions which hamper enemy ships' navigation. Cooperation between forces participating in the defense of SLOCs is organized by the commander In chief of a flotilla or the commander of a naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships) in his operational zone or zone (area) of responsibility. When this is done, the tasks and actions of the following forces are coordinated: convoys, forces for their direct cover, and forces detailed for operational cover. 550. The method of sea transportation -- convoys or single transports (auxiliaries) -- is determined by and depends on the following: the amount and time periods of transportation; Oe availability of forces and means to perform tasks; the capabilities of loading and unloading points; the distance of lines of communication from enemy basing areas; the enemy's capabilities to oppose our transportation; and also the military-geographic conditions of the area. 551. National economic sea transportation, fishing, the hunting of sea animals, the harvesting of ocean produce, and the mining of ocean minerals in the operational zones of mixed force flotillas and in the zones (areas) of responsibility of naval bases (large units of offshore defense ships) is planned by ship owners and coordinated with the staffs of the mixed force flotillas and naval bases (large units of offshore defense ships). 552. The staff of a mixed force flotilla or of a naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships) organizes all types of combat support for the defense of SLOCs. The safety of auxiliaries at loading (unloading) points is ensured within the defense system of basing areas by the forces of a mixed force flotilla or of a naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships); at stopover points and sheltering points the safety of auxiliaries is ensured by direct screening forces and, in certain cases, by reinforced forces upon the decision of the commander in chief of the mixed force flotilla or the decision of the commander of the naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships). TS 1878258 Copy if T.:0"511,c< Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 TZIPIC.C.841 Page 20 of 33 Pages 553. The organization of air defense for sea transportation consists of providing timely warning to convoys and individual auxiliaries about the air enemy; covering them from enemy air strikes at loading points, forming-up points, intermediate points, and sheltering points when they are in sea transit and in their assigned areas; preventing the enemy from conducting air reconnaissance and airborne minelaying in the areas (on the routes) of sea transportation. The air defense of sea transportation in operational zones and zones (areas) of responsibility is organized by the forces and means of front air defense and the Air Defense Forces based on tasks assigned by the staff of a mixed force flotilla or of a naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships). In sectors of SLOCs not covered by the front air defense system, the air defense of sea transportation is carried out by the air defense forces and means of a mixed force flotilla, a naval base (large unit or offshore defense ships), or the convoys (auxiliaries) themselves. During sea transit by convoys (auxiliaries) beyond the range of coastal guidance posts for fighter aviation but within fighter aviation's tactical combat radius, radar picket ships with shipboard control and guidance posts for fighter aviation (KPUNIA) may be detailed from the complement of a mixed force flotilla or a naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships) to control fighter aircraft. 554. The organization of reconnaissance to support sea transportation consists of identifying the enemy's system of measures aimed at disrupting or interdicting our sea transportation; identifying the composition, location, and the nature of the activity of the enemy's forces, detecting enemy forces in a timely manner, ensuring that the strike groups are vectored against them, and determining the results of strikes; identifying submarine operating areas and mined areas; identifying the tactics of enemy forces during their actions on SLOCs; and uncovering the enemy's reconnaissance system aimed at identifying our transportation. Operational reconnaissance data from the fleet and from cooperating large units (formations) of other branches of the Armed Forces are used to support reconnaissance organized within the operational zone of a mixed force flotilla and in the zone of responsibility of a naval base. 555. The protection of convoys and individual auxiliaries from weapons of mass destruction consists of warning convoys and individual auxiliaries about the immediate threat of employment of nuclear weapons and radiological TS #878258 Copy I TOP4ECRET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 "r010.511?afj: Page 21 of 33 Pages contamination; dispersing auxiliaries at loading (unloading) points; detailing rescue ships to convoys; and helping auxiliaries eliminate the aftereffects of enemy employment of weapons of mass destruction. 556. The organization of radioelectronic warfare (REB) in support of sea transportation consists of suppressing enemy radioelectronic means of reconnaissance and means for controlling forces and weapons by jamming them; protecting the radioelectronic means of convoys and individual auxiliaries; and creating a false radioelectronic situation. 557. The organization of cover and deception in support of sea transportation consists of opposing enemy reconnaissance forces; establishing operating regimes for radioelectronic means; specifying the transit times of convoys and individual auxiliaries in accordance with visibility and weather conditions; and using technical means of cover and deception. 558. The organization of ASW support for sea transportation consists of warning convoys and individual auxiliaries about detected enemy submarines on transit routes; searching for and destroying submarines on a convoy's transit route and on the approaches to it; providing ASW coverage on the movement routes of convoys (individual auxiliaries); deploying ASW lines (barriers); and setting up positioned obstacles. 559. The organization of mine-countermeasures support for sea transportation consists of detecting mines on the transit routes of convoys and individual auxiliaries in a timely manner; warning convoys about a mine threat; supporting the search for a route around a minefield or the crossing of a minefield by a convoy or individual auxiliary; and reducing the probability of an auxiliary hitting mines by monitoring the status of its physical fields and by specifying modes of movement which reduce the possibility of setting off pressure mines. 560. The organization of anti-small-combatant support consists of assigning routes and times and selecting weather conditions which reduce the probability of encountering enemy small combatants; warning convoys and individual auxiliaries about the detection of enemy small combatants in a timely manner; covering convoys and individual auxiliaries on transit routes from strikes by small combatants; supporting convoy screening forces when repelling strikes; and reinforcing the screening of convoys on sectors of the transit route which are threatened by attacks from small combatants. 561. Navigation-hydrographic support and hydrometeorological support are organized to create favorable navigation-hydrographic conditions for convoy deployment and for continuous information on the actual and anticipated hydrometeorological situation. TS 1878258 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 ""rorSt6e61. Page 22 of 33 Pages 562. Forces providing cover to SLOCs in their operational zone or zone (area) of responsibility are centrally controlled from the command post of the commander in chief of a mixed force flotilla or the commander of a naval base (large unit of offshore defense ships). The Fundamentals of Convoy Service 563. Convoy service [konvoynaya sluzhba] is the aggregate of measures and actions performed to ensure that the deployment, production activity, and anchorage of auxiliaries (transports) are safe from actions taken against them by enemy forces and means. 564. Convoy _service_ sections (branches) are formed in wartime in the staffs of mixed force flotillas and naval bases (large units of offshore defense ships) to organize convoy service. They organize and support the performance of tasks in defense of shipping and the cooperation between the control organs of formations and large units of the Navy Angjj_lespi_p_omers. 565. A convoy is organized for the direct screening of transports (auxiliaries) that are transporting troops, military cargo, and national economic cargo by sea. A convoy is formed based on the order or combat instruction of the commander in chief of a fleet (the commander in chief of a mixed force flotilla, or the commander of a naval base). 566. Control of convoys between t-. -rs s exercised tit.. he instructions of the Main Staff of the Navy; ? taften_bases-if_is exercised by the staff of a fleet (mixed force flotilla); and within a base_ it is exercised by the staff of Tidied force flotilla, (naval base). Regardless of who is controlling a convoy, the staffs of a fleet, mixed force flotilla, naval base, or large unit of offshore defense ships continually follow the convoy's actions in the zone through which the convoy's route passes and create conditions which ensure the successful performance of the convoy's tasks. 567. A convoy consists of auxiliaries formed into a detachment (detachments) and screening forces (large units, units, ships, aircraft, and helicopters). A detachment, as a rule, is made up of auxiliaries having similar maneuvering and seakeeping qualities. The number of auxiliaries in a detachment is determined on the basis of the purpose of the sea transit, the task to be TS #878258 Copy Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Thliftr.E.CAZ Page 23 of 33 Pages performed, the availability of screening forces, the special features of the theater, and the probability of enemy opposition. The task of the screening forces is to ensure that auxiliaries in sea transit are safe from enemy strikes. The delivery of strikes against enemy groupings and the coverage of convoys during sea transit and at loading and unloading points are carried out according to the plan of the staff of a fleet (mixed force flotilla, naval base). Depending on possible enemy opposition on threat axes, submarines are deployed to cover SLOCs, covering detachments (detachment) of surface ships are formed, air reconnaissance and radioelectronic reconnaissance are conducted, and missile-carrying and attack aviation units and coastal missile-artillery troop units are designated to deliver strikes against enemy groupings which are hindering the transit of convoys. 568. The loading of auxiliaries and the rendezvous of screening forces and loaded auxiliaries in the convoy formation area are carried out according to the plan of the staff of a fleet (mixed force flotilla, naval base). The commander of the convoy, together with his underway staff, directly forms up the convoy and prepares it for sea transit. As a rule, one of the commanders of the large units which are screening the convoy is designated as the convoy commander. He is responsible for the forces and auxiliaries subordinated to him from the time the convoy is formed until it reaches its destination. In order to control the screening ships and auxiliaries in convoys made up of a large number of screened auxiliaries and screening ships, the convoy commander may form detachments of auxiliaries and designate the commanders of the screening forces and the commanders of the detachments of auxiliaries. 569. In accordance with the order (combat instruction), the convoy commander makes the decision on the convoy's transit, wherein he specifies the following: the variants of the anticipated situation in the transit area; the concept for the transit and the conduct of defensive actions in accordance with the variants of the situation; the organization of forces within the groups in the cruising formation; the combat tasks assigned to groups in the cruising formation of the convoy and the procedures for cooperation between them when repelling enemy attacks; measures for cover and deception and radioelectronic warfare; the organization of observation and the use of radioelectronic equipment; the procedure for relieving screening forces (if such relief is planned); actions in case of stormy weather, fog, damage to auxiliaries, accidents, or separation from the convoy; the organization of control and TS 078258 Copy # TOP4E.CRET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 TO-rS16114,... Page 24 of 33 Pages communications; and the time required for ships and auxiliaries to be ready to put to sea. The commander's decision on sea transit is depicted graphically on a chart with an explanatory note and is approved by the senior officer who gave the order (combat instruction) for the forming-up and sea transit of the convoy. 570. The convoy's tranjgute f assignedy the staff of a fleet (mixed force flotilla-4 naval base), taking the following into account: the anticipated enemy along the transit route; the safest route in terms of navigation and mines; the geographic conditions; the number and location of airfields in the theater; and the availability of missile-artillery troops and coastal technical observation means on shore. 571. The composition of the screening forces directly subordinated and detailed to the convoy commander may include ASW ships, missile-gunnery ships, minesweepers, submarines, special air defense ships, radar picket ships, radioelectronic warfare ships, and ASW aircraft and helicopters. Auxiliaries may be convoyed both over the entire transit route and on separate sectors of the route, depending on the opposition anticipated from enemy forces. 572. When there is a threat of enemy employment of nuclear weapons, a convoy's sea transit is carried out in open orders (v razomknutykh orderakh) which preclude several auxiliaries being hit simultaneously with a single medium-yield nuclear burst. When there is no threat of enemy employment of nuclear weapons, a convoy's transit may be carried out in closed orders (v somknutykh orderakh]. 573. A convoy's departure from its forming-up area is supported by the forces of a mixed force flotilla (naval base) and by the convoy's screening forces. Support for a convoy's departure by the forces of a mixed force flotilla (naval base) continues until the convoy completes forming up into its assigned cruising formation, after which a portion of the forces supporting the departure begins to carry out tasks connected with supporting the convoy's sea transit within the operational zone (zone of responsibility) of the mixed force flotilla (naval base). As a rule, a convoy's entry into (exit from) sheltering points is supported by the convoy's screening forces. TS 078258 Copy I -17.71PliCRIL Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 1""ais?SEC421 Page 25 of 33 Pages 574. The air defense of convoys within the area of responsibility of front air defense troops, front Air Forces, and of coastal formations (ob"yedine;1331 of the Air Defense Forces is organized using their forces in cooperation with fleet air defense forces. Outside this zone the air defense of convoys is organized using fleet air defense forces and means in cooperation with specially detailed forces of fighter aviation of front Air Forces and formations of the Air Defense Forces. As a rule, the composition of a convoy must include ships controrand guidance posts equipped with the necessary means for radioelectronic surveillance, control, and communication with fighter aviation. The commander of a convoy organizes the use of air defense means that are on board the ships and auxiliaries of the convoy. He is responsible for the organization of cooperation between these means and fighter aviation controlled from the KPUNIA. 575. The protection of a convoy against weapons of mass destruction is organized by the staff of a fleet (mixed force flotilla, naval base) and the commander of the convoy. The organization of protection against weapons of mass destruction consists of protecting auxiliaries and screening forces at loading, forming-up, sheltering, and unloading points and detailing the forces and means of a fleet (mixed force flotilla, naval base) to help the convoy eliminate the aftereffects of enemy employment of weapons of mass destruction. During sea transit the convoy commander warns auxiliaries and screening ships about the immediate threat of enemy employment of weapons of mass destruction, organizes radiological and chemical observation, organizes warning within the convoy about radiological and chemical contamination, disperses auxiliaries and screening ships, and moves the convoy and individual auxiliaries away from base surges and radioactive fallout. 576. The antisubmarine defense of a convoy is carried out by screening ships and by ASW aircraft (helicopters). As a rule, ASW screening by ships must be in the form of a circle. In certain cases it may take the form of a screen [zavesa] or maneuvering screening (manevriruyushcheye okhraneniye]. A screen is employed when there are high- speed auxiliaries and not enough screening ships. Maneuvering screening is employed when there are slow-going auxiliaries and not enough screening ships. The commander (captain) of an auxiliary which has detected a submarine or torpedo evades it independently, while simultaneously warning all ships (auxiliaries) in the convoy. TS #878258 Copy # Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 "ror`SEC,9f4 Page 26 of133 Pages 577. Mine-countermeasure defense (pivtivmninnaya oboronal of a convoy is organized and carried out in the mine threat sectors of its route by distant and close mine-countermeasure screening forces. When anchored mines are detected or when the threat of encountering them exists, the commander of a convoy rearranges his auxiliaries so they can proceed behind sweeps. Minesweepers lead the convoy behind sweeps upon the orders of the commander of the convoy. Each ship (auxiliary) independently evades floating mines and cleared mines within the swept area. 578. Anti-small-combatant defense of a convoy during sea transit is organized using the convoy's screening forces independently and in cooperation with covering forces. Screening forces destroy small combatants which penetrate to the convoy and destroy cruise missiles fired by them. 579. Counter-swimmer support in the forming-up areas and at the destinations of convoys is organized according to the decision of the commander in chief of a mixed force flotilla (commander of a naval base) in the operational zone (zone of responsibility) where these areas or destinations are located. The defense of convoys against combat swimmer forces at intermediate stopover points is carried out by forces and means according to the decision of the convoy commander. 580. A convoy evades enemy attacks by maneuvering upon the signal of the convoy commander. Commanders of ships and captains of auxiliaries independently evade enemy weapons, taking into account safety measures when maneuvering. A damaged auxiliary is allowed to leave a formation [stroy] only when it is totally impossible for it to proceed within the convoy. The captain of such an auxiliary is obliged to take all measures to maintain his position in the formation and keep his auxiliary afloat. He must immediately report to the convoy commander the nature of the damage, his ability to continue moving, the kind of assistance he needs, and an estimated time for repairing the damage. The convoy commander makes the decision to leave a damaged ship behind, to allow it to continue independently, or to tow it. Rescue vessels or ships from the screening forces are detailed to protect and assist damaged ships. Auxiliaries proceeding within a convoy are forbidden to engage in rescue operations without orders from the convoy commander. TS #878258 Copy # RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 1010-4404.1 Page 27 of 33 Pages 581. Cooperation between the screening forces of a convoy and a detachment of auxiliaries is organized by the convoy commander. Cooperation between a convoy and covering forces detailed to conduct combat actions in support of the convoy is organized by the commander in chief of a fleet (mixed force flotilla) or the commander of a naval base. 582. The convoy commander controls the forces within the convoy from his command post. The convoy commander's command post is located on one of the screening ships and is equipped with the necessary communications means which ensure reliable control of forces. TS #878258 Copy # RET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 "iBlryscaLr Page 28 of 33 Pages CHAPTER 11: THE BASING AND REBASING (REDEPLOYMENT) OF LARGE UNITS AND UNITS Basing 583. Basing is organized and carried out for comprehensive support of the activity of formations [ob"yedineniya], large units [soyedineniya], units, ships, special troops, special services, and rear services of the Navy in peacetime and wartime. It includes: using specially equipped points and coastal installations for mooring ships (auxiliaries) and distributing deployed large units and units within these points; bringing those units to the highest level of combat readiness in a timely manner, and also restoring combat capability as rapidly as possible after enemy strikes or after the execution of tasks; supporting the activity of large units and units with the required intensity when performing combat service in peacetime, at the beginning of a war, and during a war; dispersing forces and moving them out from under enemy strikes when combat actions are initiated in surprise; and preparing large units, units, and ships (auxiliaries) for combat. In addition, the basing points for submarines must be equipped with locations (areas) for bottoming [pokladka na grunt], ballast trimming, and mooring in a submerged condition. 584. The complex of basing points, installations, and multi-function engineer structures located and set up in ocean (sea) theaters of military operations and in the interior of the country constitutes the basing system of the Navy. In general, the basing system includes: the naval bases, main basing points, and dispersal basing points for ships and for the airfields of fleet air forces; areas, disposition locations, zones, deployment areas, and positions for large units and units of naval infantry and missile-artillery troops; installations for control, communications, and combat training plus other installations; and mobile means ashore and afloat which support basing. The basing system must have reliable defense and protection against enemy attacks from the sea, air, and land; it must fully meet the needs of based forces within prescribed time periods; it must be convenient and safe from a navigation- hydrographic standpoint; and it must have the necessary reserves of materiel supplies and delivery means on hand. TS #878258 Copy # .1"4 51 ? rj, E T Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 TO.P.srick.r Page 29 of 33 Pages 565. The main basing points of fleet forces and the airfields of fleet air forces are the foundation of the basing system. Main basing points bpsnovnyye punktybazirovaniyal (13PB) are set up in advance, and their purpose is to provide safe anchorage and disposition for large units, ships (auxiliaries), and units at the prescribed level of combat readiness, restore combat capability, conduct combat training, and support all types of activity in peacetime and when combat actions are being conducted. The organs for the control of large units (units) are located at the main basing point and are equipped with control posts with communications means. Dispersal basing points fipunktyrassredotochennogo bazirovaniyal ONREO -- maneuver basing points, supply points, anchorages, and dispersal ship-repair points -- are set up in advance, in a threat period, and when combat actions are being conducted. The purpose of maneuver basing points [punktymanevrennogobazirovaniya] onwm is to provide ships and auxiliaries with protected anchoragpl and with combat support, special technical support, and rear services suppoilt and also to perform lir210?....repairAwhich require the least amount of work and which, as a rule, can carried out b the crews of shios_or auxiliaries using_ the forces and means of shi -re.. r acil - nd afloat and weapons and armament 111,114.t. Maneuver basing points are set up outside the_ggnillus.fiii:ForiTis. In wartime they are also deployed in ports, port stations [portpunkty], and on ungrepadireachesy using technical support units, rear services units and facilities, and stationary, floating, and mobile coastal means to provide basing and power-supply support. The number of ships and auxiliaries located in a maneuver basing point at any one time is specified by the norms prescribed for dispersal. The purpose of supply points [punktysnabzhenlyal (PSN) is to provide individual ships or groups of ships with sevygeateraltoattsof teriel b usin de ts (or their departments), mobile means _ashore and afloat or the transport and also also baging m afloat Zia-1311Ure. The purpose of anchorages pnesta stoyank0 (MS) is to disperse groups of ships or individual ships of a large unit outside their basing points. In certain cases anchorages may be equipped with piers, anchorage buoys, and other devices for mooring ships and also the required means for cover and deception and all types of defense. The purpose of dispersal ship-repair points fpunkty rassredotochennogo sudoremonta] ODIISFO is to perform vital repairs on ships (auxiliaries) which TS #878258 Copy f Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Page 30 of 33 Pages return from sea with damage sustained in combat or in accidents. Their purpose also is to complete or accelerate repairs on individual ships (auxiliaries) which have urgently been removed from ship-repair facilities under the threat of an enemy attack. As a rule, dispersal ship-repair points are set up at maneuver basing points in protected bays (harbors). The ship-repair enterprises or facilities of civilian ministries and departments may be used as dispersal ship-repair points. 586. Maneuver basing points, supply points, anchorages, and dispersal ship- repair points are set up in advance and used, as a rule, to disperse the mooring, supply, and repair of ships when main basing points are disabled, when there is a danger of an enemy surprise attack during a threat period, or when fleet forces are making the transition to wartime status. 587. The basing of fleet air forces units is ensured by establishing a network of main, alternate, and gymuLgritields with the appropriate equipment, service facilitieZ7-1IVIEk quarters,1. and other structures. The airfield network must ensure the following: constant combat readiness for the conduct of combat actions at any time of the year or day; the maximum possible depth of operation by aviation units against enemy targets; the readiness, combat capability and dispersal of units and aircraft; the capability to disperse aviation units within the prescribed time periods to bring the fleet to the highest level of combat readiness; the delivery of materiel and weapons within prescribed time periods, and (one word illegible] of their [word illegible] and cover and deception; and the control of aircraft (helicopters) over the entire depth of operation of aviation units. 588. Within the basing points of missile submarines, provision must be made for them to use their weapons while moored at Qiers or docks. Concealed remea/40 submarine repair bases may be set up to make repairs between cruises. 589. The commander of a large unit (unit) and his staff are responsible for organizing and supporting the basing of the large unit (unit). When organizing basing, the staff must provide for the protection and defense of the basing point from an enemy surprise attack; measures for observation, warning, and communications; the protection of the large unit (unit) from weapons of mass destruction and measures to eliminate the aftereffects of their use; and the procedures for combat support, special technical support, and rear services support. TS #878258 Copy # CRET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 TC."."2"Strailig.L.: Page 31 of 33 Pages Rebasing (Redeployment) 590. When preparing for combat actions and during combat actions, a fleet may rebase formations and redeploy large units, units, and ships ixnIgi_or'to moye_basing_nolnts and all t pes of support forces and means closer to the areas whvg_cambat?taseingcarreou. A large-unit commander's decision on rebasing specifies the following: the purpose and concept of rebasing (to what area and within what time period redeployment will be carried out, the transit routes and formations used by ships and auxiliaries, the transit flights by aircraft and helicopters, the methods of transportation of troops and services, and the covering and supporting forces and means); the tasks of large units, units, ships, and subunits; the procedures and time periods for redeployment; the procedures for the actions of forces and troops upon encountering the enemy; and the bases for organizing cooperation and all types of support and control. Based on the commander's decision, tasks are assigned to subordinate, attached, and supporting large units, units, ships, support auxiliaries, and subunits, and redeployment is planned. 591. Rebasing (redeployment) may be carried out for an extended period of time or for the time required to execute specific combat tasks, to points located on a coagaineeizedjrn:memoronourown territory. Rebasing (redeployment) for an extended period of time is carried out when new formations or large units are formed, when new basing points or airfields are set up, when it il_mmamsmary-to_reinforce the complement of forces In one ocean (sea) theater of slitter operations or another, ana also wnen re rin follow-up combat ac ions. Rebasing (redeployment) for the time required to execute specific combat tasks is usually carried out in connection with preparations for follow-up combat actions or when it is necessary to temporarily reinforce the complement of forces on one axis or another of an ocean (sea) theater of military operations. Rebasing (redeployment) to areas and points located on coastlines seized from the enemy is carried out, taking into account the time needed to deploy and equip them, the scale of operations required to restore facilities that have been damaged and to carry out chemical and radiological decontamination of the terrain, the clearing of mines from water and land areas suitable for mooring ships and basing aircraft, and the organization of all types of support. TS #878258 Copy # TO ET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 -1-8-rStrsgEL Page 32 of 33 Pages 592. In order to support the basing of forces in new areas, mobile means afloat and ashore are used first of all for the basing and repair of ships and for storing and delivering materiel supplies. Then the restored facilities of naval bases, ports, ship anchorages, and ship-repair installations are used and supplies of all necessary materiel are stockpiled and delivered to ships. As mobile means afloat and ashore are freed up they are detailed to new basing areas. 593. Rebasing (redeployment) to points located on our own territory is carried out by using areas (points) which have alreadyundergone engine' pE2pEgion_(as a rule, in peacetime and the capabilities of which have been increased by mobile means afloat and ashore for basing, ship repair, and other types of support. The requisite means of the national economy, power plants, railroad and motor vehicle transportation, and the vessels of civilian departments may be used to support these activities. 594. In order to rebase aircraft, deployment airfields [polevyye aerodromy] are built using aviation-technical forces and means delivered by motor vehicle, railroad, air, or water transportation. The aircraft and personnel of shipborne aviation units are, as a rule, rebased on a ship before it puts to sea. In certain cases they may be rebased on [air] alert to a ship already at sea. 595. The redeployment of ship large units is supported by fleet auxiliaries which are organizationally grouped into large units of support auxiliaries, which include various types of materiel support auxiliaries, tenders, repair ships, floating docks, and search-and-rescue support auxiliaries. In certain cases individual auxiliaries may support redeployment. 596. Lange units (units) of naval infantry, upon reaching a new assigned area in accordance with an Assigned combat task, set up waiting areas (departure areas, embarkation points) when participating in an amphibious landing or they set up lines (zones, coastal sectors, including basing points) when defending a seacoast. 597. Large units (units) of coastal missile-artillery troops, upon reaching a new assigned area, set up firing positions and other installations in accordance with the assigned combat task. 598. In all cases of rebasing (redeployment) to new areas (basing points, airfields) the commander of a large unit (unit) is obliged to take all necessary measures to organize all types of support for ships, aircraft, combat equipment, TS #878258 Copy f Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728 Ittp-sricaLr Page 33 of 33 Pages and other equipment in these areas, including periodically changing anchorages (disposition), setting up camouflage mock-ups, and equipping dummy [firing) positions. The positions (set-up locations) of radioelectronic means in new areas (basing points, airfields) must be designated, taking into account their electromagnetic compatibility. TS 1878258 Copy I ET Approved for Release: 2017/06/16 C01430728

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COMBAT REGULATIONS OF THE SOVIET NAVY: THE DEFENSE OF BASING AREAS AND SEA LINES OF COMMUNICATION AND THE BASING AND REBASING (REDEPLOYMENT) OF LARGE UNITS AND UNITS